DOCSLIB.ORG

Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Index More information Index Abercrombie site, 241 Arthur, Gabriel, 15, 131, 134 Abhika Indians, 218, 241 Ashley-Cooper, Anthony (Lord Achonechy Town, 172. See also Fredricks Shaftesbury), 139, 146, 147 site, Occaneechi Indians Ayllon,´ Lucas Vasquez´ de, 61 Adair, James, 258 Adamson site, 44, 45, 48, 51, 67 Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr., 142, 143, 171 Mound A at, 67 and Bacon’s Rebellion, 144, 145, 165, Adini Orata, 88, 155 170 Adshusheer, 174 Bandera, Juan de la, 4, 14, 72, 78 African slave trade, 6, 16, 116, 150, 182 Barker, Thomas, 216 and Yamasee War, 17 Barnwell, John, 181, 198, 202, 206, 211, Ajacan,´ 92 213, 220, 249 Alibamo/Alabama Indians, 218, 241 attack on Hancock’s Fort, 201 Anderson, David G., 40, 49, 50 and Cherokee Indians, 218 Anglo-Powhatan Wars, 102, 113, 117, 143 at Contentnea Creek, 198 Algonquin Indians, 106 and Essaw company, 198 Chowanoke Indians, 186 and Pee Dee company, 198 and epidemic diseases, 108 and Saxapahaws, 245 Altamaha, 69, 207 1715 census by, 215, 216, 238, 241, chief of, 23. See also Yamasee Indians 249, 258 Apalachee Indians, 157, 198, 204, 214, 1721 map by, 226 220 and Yamasee company, 198 and John Barnwell, 198 Bath, North Carolina, 184, 200 as slaves, 182 Battle at Rique, 111 Apalachee province, 117 Battle of Bloody Run, 14, 99, 114, 115 Apalachicola (town), 241 Battle of the Ponds, 229, 249 Appomattox River, 102, 131 Bay of Ochuse, 61 Aracuchi, 83, 90 Bear River Indians, 192 Aranguiz y Cotes, Alonzo de, 117, 130 beaver pelt trade, 106, 116, 156, 183, 214 account of “striped” Chichumecos, 122 Beaver Wars, 107 letters of, 118 Beaverdam Creek site, 43 Archdale, John, 153, 186 Beaverqyck, 106 and Bath County, 186 Belk Farm site, 173 293 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Index More information 294 Index Berkeley, William, 141, 142 Carteret, Nicholas, 139 Berry site, 53, 66, 69, 72, 92, 247 Cartier, Jacques, 105 Burial 1, 85 Cary, Thomas, 186 excavations at, 73 and Cary’s Rebellion, 186, 197 Fort San Juan at, 74 Cashie phase, 192, 194 as location of Joara, 69, 72–74 Casuie, 226, 245 mound at, 53, 92 Catapa (Catape), 85 radiocarbon dates, 54. See also Joara, headman of, 84 Xualla Orata, 82, 254 Biedma, Luys Hernandez´ de, 64, 69 Catawba Indians, 1, 3, 106, 111, 152, 170, Black Minquas, 110. See also Erie Indians 171, 214, 220, 258, 264 Blair site, 43, 48, 51 and annihilation of Waxhaws, 252–253 Bland, Edward, 112, 122, 131 Cataba Indians, 82, 84, 85, 95, 168, Blanding, William, 44 198, 254 Blount, Tom, 194, 202, 221, 232, 241 Catapaws, 215 Blunt, Tom. See Blount, Tom Iroquois assaults on, 170, 176, 214–215, Boulware, Tyler, 232, 241, 242 256 Boykin site, 44, 48, 51 as nation, 16, 244, 257, 261, 265 Brims Town, 241 political landscape of, 252 Brooks, James, 6 and 1721 deerskin map, 18, 225, 231, Bull, John, 198, 245 244, 259 Bull, Stephen, 139 and 1759 epidemic, 262–263 Bull, William, 249 and trading path, 72, 122, 146 Bureau of Ethnology, 27, 86 Whitmannetaughehee, chief of, 258 Burk, John, 103 Catechna, 189, 200 Burke phase, 52, 53, 56, 72, 127 Catechna Fort. See Hancock’s Fort settlement pattern, 54 Cauchi, 85 Upper Yadkin, 86 Fort San Pablo at, 85 Burroughs, Seymour, 206 Cayuga Indians, 104. See also Iroquois Byrd, William, 126, 170, 249 Indians and Sara Indians, 128 ceramic styles, dating, 38 and Westover Estate, 151 Chalaque, 69, 72, 246 Champlain, Samuel de, 105 cacica of Cofitachequi. See Cofitachequi Chara, 226, 247, 249 Caesar, 240. See also Chota Orata, 88, 155 Cahokia site, 24, 68, 222 relationship with Joara, 155, 251. See calumet ceremonialism, 243. See also ritual also Cheraw Indians adoption Charles Towne, 115, 135, 141, 161, 186, C¸ amumo, 69 204, 225, 227 Canete˜ fragment, 65, 66 Charra, 246. See also Cheraw Indians Canizares, Lucas de, 90 Chattoka, 188, 190 cannibalism, 107, 118, 130 Core Tom, 191 Canos, 72, 78, 83, 90, 95, 138, 155, 164 Chauga site, 49 as Cofitachequi, 72 Chechesee, 207. See also Ichisi Fort Santo Tomas´ at, 90 Cheraw Indians, 126, 249, 251. See also and second Pardo expedition, 78, 82, 90, Chara, Charra 254. See Cofitachequi, Mulberry site Cheraw War, 250 Caraway Phase, 52, 89 Cherokee Indians, 18, 148, 153, 212, 218, Carolina (colony), 116, 119, 131, 135, 253 138, 153, 163, 182, 184. See also and clans, 243 North Carolina, South Carolina coalescence of, 240–244 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Index More information Index 295 Coweeta Creek site, 234 Clark Hill Lake, 40 and deerskin trade, 233 coalescence, 7, 16, 18, 57, 72, 106, 152, language of, 242 178, 241–244, 260 Lower Towns, 219, 240 and clans, 243 Middle Towns, 219, 238 defined, 210, 237 Out Towns, 238 and language, 242 Overhill Towns, 219, 238, 240 Cobb, Charles, 7 Valley Towns, 240 Coe, Joffre, 46, 52 women, 234 coercive expansion, defined, 31 in Yamasee War, 218 Cofaqui, 23 Cherokee-Creek War, 240, 242 Cofitachequi, 13, 15, 44, 63, 66–69, 72, Chestowee, 212 93, 95, 138–140, 141, 154–155, 156, Chiaha, 78 165, 177, 236, 241 and Hernando Moyano, 84 cacica of, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 154 Fort San Pedro at, 85 and Canete˜ fragment, 66 Chichumecos, 117, 118, 119. See emperor of, 138 Richahecrian Indians, Westo Indians Henry Woodward at, 138 Chickahominy, 102 as paramount chiefdom, 67 Chickasaw Indians, 17, 148, 182, 247, 253 and Pedro de Torres, 94 and 1723 deerskin map, 225 “plague” at, 68, 94 Chicken, George, 217, 240, 249 Soto’s arrival at, 66, 93. See also Canos, chiefdom, 3, 12, 14, 27–33, 152–157, 196, Mulberry site 221, 232 Coming, Afra, 160 cycling, 153, 156 community, defined, 33 defined, 30 Congaree Indians, 164, 198, 252 chieftaincy, 17, 195–197, 208–210, 215, congregacion,´ 158 221, 232–238, 259 Conjurer, 220, 240 Abhika Creek Indians as, 241 contagions. See epidemics Alibamo Creek Indians as, 241 control hierarchies, 31 Cherokee Middle Towns as, 238 Core Tom, 191. See also Chattoka Cherokee Out Towns as, 239 Coree Indians, 186 Cherokee Overhill Towns as, 238 in Tuscarora War, 192 Cherokee Valley Towns as, 238 Cowan’s Ford series, 52. See also Low defined, 195 phase Esaw Indians as, 196 Coweeta Creek site, 86, 234 Ochese Creek Indians as, 240 Coweta, 149, 240 Tallapoosa Creek Indians as, 241 Craven, Charles, 204, 213, 249, 250 Tuscaroras, Northern as, 196 Creek Indians, 17, 18, 149, 220, 240 Tuscaroras, Southern as, 196 and clans, 243 Waxhaw Indians as, 252 coalescence of, 241 Yamasees, Lower as, 207 and deerskin trade, 233–234 Yamasees, Upper as, 207 houses of, 234 Chilhowie High School site, 77 language of, 242 Chiscas, 76, 77, 78 Lower (Ochese) Creeks, 182, 219, 220, Choctaw Indians, 253 240, 247 cholera, 151 and trader debt, 213 Chota-Tenasee, 238 Upper Creeks, 218, 240, 247. See also Caesar, 240 Lower Creek Indians, Upper Creek Chowanoke Indians, 186, 194 Indians Claiborne, William, 110, 111 Crow (King), 240. See also Keowee clan vengeance, 244, 256 Crowder’s Creek site, 56 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Index More information 296 Index crystal mines, 88 militaristic slaving society, 119, 135 cultural evolution, 13 North American shatter zone, 119. See Cuming, Alexander, 240 also shatter zone Cusseta Indians, 148 Etowah site, 24, 222, 243 event, 14, 49, 56, 57, 94, 135, 221 Dan River phase, 48 defined, 12. See also William Sewell Dankers, Jaspar, 170 Dare, Virginia, 60 Ferry’s Landing site, 44, 49 De la Warr, Baron (Thomas West), 102 First Westo War, 140 De Soto map, 35 Florida Keys, 16 deerskin map. See also Catawba Indians Florida mission system, 157–159, deerskin trade, 156, 183, 211, 214, 233, 182–183, 208 261 Fort Christiana, 228, 250, 258 as wealth finance, 196 Fort Henry, 112, 131 Deganawidah, 104, 164 Fort Nassau, 106 Desert of Ocute, 24, 49, 58, 62, 72, 154 Fort Neoheroka, 202 Dickens, Roy, 55 fall of, 202 Dobyns, Henry, 5, 124 Fort Orange, 106, 107, 170 Doeg Indians, 142 Fort Orista, 91 Dutch West India Company, 106 Fort San Felipe, 59 Dyer site, 50 Fort San Juan, 73, 75, 84, 88, 92, 155, 261. See also Berry site Ecija, Francesco Fernandez´ de, 93, 103 Fort San Pablo, 85 Edens, Charles, 250, 251 Fort San Pedro, 85 Elvas, Gentleman of, 64, 66, 68, 69, 70, Fort Santiago, 90 94, 129, 159 Fredricks site, 161, 172, 173, 174 Eno Indians, 123, 133, 250 French and Indian War, 262 Enoe Will, 174 Ensley site, 54 Gale, Christopher, 191, 197 epidemics, 5, 6, 68, 95, 108, 124, 135, Gallay, Alan, 6, 109, 117, 135, 182, 220 151, 152, 157, 158, 159 Gallegos, Baltasar de, 69, 82 1759 epidemic, 262–263 Garden Creek site No. 1, 86 eractasswa, 258, 262. See also Gatford, Lionel, 114, 116 Whitmannetaughehee Gatschet, Albert, 2 Erie Indians, 105, 110, 119, 135. See also Gentaienton, 110 Chichumecos, Richahecrian Indians, Georg Ritter Company, 185 Westo Indians Giddens, Anthony, 6 Eriehronnon, 110.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SEAC Bulletin 58.Pdf
    SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 72ND ANNUAL MEETING NOVEMBER 18-21, 2015 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE BULLETIN 58 SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCE BULLETIN 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 72ND ANNUAL MEETING NOVEMBER 18-21, 2015 DOUBLETREE BY HILTON DOWNTOWN NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE Organized by: Kevin E. Smith, Aaron Deter-Wolf, Phillip Hodge, Shannon Hodge, Sarah Levithol, Michael C. Moore, and Tanya M. Peres Hosted by: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University Division of Archaeology, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Office of Social and Cultural Resources, Tennessee Department of Transportation iii Cover: Sellars Mississippian Ancestral Pair. Left: McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture; Right: John C. Waggoner, Jr. Photographs by David H. Dye Printing of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 58 – 2015 Funded by Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Authorization No. 327420, 750 copies. This public document was promulgated at a cost of $4.08 per copy. October 2015. Pursuant to the State of Tennessee’s Policy of non-discrimination, the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, religion, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, or military service in its policies, or in the admission or access to, or treatment or employment in its programs, services or activities. Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action inquiries or complaints should be directed to the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, EEO/AA Coordinator, Office of General Counsel, 312 Rosa L. Parks Avenue, 2nd floor, William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower, Nashville, TN 37243, 1-888-867-7455. ADA inquiries or complaints should be directed to the ADA Coordinator, Human Resources Division, 312 Rosa L.
    [Show full text]
  • 2003 Annual Spring Meeting North Carolina Archaeological Society April 25-26, 2003 Western Piedmont Community College, Morganton
    4619 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C. 27699-4619 http://www.rla.unc.edu/ncas SPRING 2003, Volume 13, Number 1 2003 Annual Spring Meeting North Carolina Archaeological Society April 25-26, 2003 Western Piedmont Community College, Morganton Members are invited to a reception hosted by Western Piedmont Community College and the Historic Burke Foundation Friday April 25, from 6:30 – 8:30PM, at the McDowell House at Quaker Meadows. Heavy hors d’oeuvres and beverages will be served. RSVP for the Friday night reception is requested by April 17th (only if you're not having lunch on Saturday) to Dee Nelms at 919-733-7342. Free and Open to the Public Join the NCAS in an exciting day of activity at Western Piedmont Community College in Morganton on Saturday, April 26. This meeting is not to be missed! Western Piedmont Community College is providing a wonderful venue for this event; it is a beautiful setting with Table Rock and the Blue Ridge visible in the distance. Come and see archaeology displays and exhibits, traditional Native American crafters, primitive technology, slide shows, children’s activities, much more. Bring friends and family for a fun-filled day of North Carolina archaeology. North Carolina Archaeological Society Newsletter (Spring 2003, Number 13, Volume 1) Page 2 34 = Western Piedmont Community College 35 = Quaker Meadows Plantation Lodging The following are all less than three miles away. 2 = Holiday Inn (Exit 105) 828-437-0171 ($53/plus tax) 4 = Sleep Inn (Exit 105) 828-433-9000 ($50.50/plus tax) 8 = Hampton Inn (Exit 105) 828-432-2000 ($55.50/plus tax) 9 = Super 8 Motel (Exit 103 across from WPCC) 828-430-8778 ($55.00/plus tax) 10 = Comfort Suites (Exit 103) 828-430-4000 ($55.50/plus tax) North Carolina Archaeological Society Newsletter (Spring 2003, Number 13, Volume 1) Page 3 Activities will take place throughout the day.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Open Gregory Oregon 0171N 12796.Pdf
    CHUNKEY, CAHOKIA, AND INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION by ANNE GREGORY A THESIS Presented to the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 2020 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anne Gregory Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflict Resolution This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in the Conflict and Dispute Resolution Program by: Kirby Brown Chair Eric Girvan Member and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2020. ii © 2020 Anne Gregory This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Anne Gregory Master of Science Conflict and Dispute Resolution June 2020 Title: Chunkey, Cahokia, and Indigenous Conflicts Resolution Chunkey, a traditional Native American sport, was a form of conflict resolution. The popular game was one of several played for millennia throughout Native North America. Indigenous communities played ball games not only for the important culture- making of sport and recreation, but also as an act of peace-building. The densely populated urban center of Cahokia, as well as its agricultural suburbs and distant trade partners, were dedicated to chunkey. Chunkey is associated with the milieu surrounding the Pax Cahokiana (1050 AD-1200 AD), an era of reduced armed conflict during the height of Mississippian civilization (1000-1500 AD). The relational framework utilized in archaeology, combined with dynamics of conflict resolution, provides a basis to explain chunkey’s cultural impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Community: Microwear Analysis of Blades at the Mound House Site
    Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 4-16-2019 Understanding Community: Microwear Analysis of Blades at the Mound House Site Silas Levi Chapman Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, Silas Levi, "Understanding Community: Microwear Analysis of Blades at the Mound House Site" (2019). Theses and Dissertations. 1118. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/1118 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNDERSTANDING COMMUNITY: MICROWEAR ANALYSIS OF BLADES AT THE MOUND HOUSE SITE SILAS LEVI CHAPMAN 89 Pages Understanding Middle Woodland period sites has been of considerable interest for North American archaeologists since early on in the discipline. Various Middle Woodland period (50 BCE-400CE) cultures participated in shared ideas and behaviors, such as constructing mounds and earthworks and importing exotic materials to make objects for ceremony and for interring with the dead. These shared behaviors and ideas are termed by archaeologists as “Hopewell”. The Mound House site is a floodplain mound group thought to have served as a “ritual aggregation center”, a place for the dispersed Middle Woodland communities to congregate at certain times of year to reinforce their shared identity. Mound House is located in the Lower Illinois River valley within the floodplain of the Illinois River, where there is a concentration of Middle Woodland sites and activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Indiana Archaeology
    INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 5 Number 2 2010/2011 Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Indiana Department of Natural Resources Robert E. Carter, Jr., Director and State Historic Preservation Officer Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) James A. Glass, Ph.D., Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer DHPA Archaeology Staff James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson Cathy L. Draeger-Williams Cathy A. Carson Wade T. Tharp Editors James R. Jones III, Ph.D., State Archaeologist Amy L. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach Coordinator Cathy A. Carson, Records Check Coordinator Publication Layout: Amy L. Johnson Additional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors of the submitted articles, as well as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which are highlighted. Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from several of the individual articles included in this journal. Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. 2 For further information contact: Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology 402 W. Washington Street, Room W274 Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2739 Phone: 317/232-1646 Email: [email protected] www.IN.gov/dnr/historic 2010/2011 3 Indiana Archaeology Volume 5 Number 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Authors of articles were responsible for ensuring that proper permission for the use of any images in their articles was obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • Moorhead Ph 1 Final Report
    Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Ecological Assessment of a Wetlands Mitigation Bank August 2001 (Phase I: Baseline Ecological Conditions and Initial Restoration Efforts) 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Kevin K. Moorhead, Irene M. Rossell, C. Reed Rossell, Jr., and James W. Petranka 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Departments of Environmental Studies and Biology University of North Carolina at Asheville Asheville, NC 28804 11. Contract or Grant No. 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered U.S. Department of Transportation Final Report Research and Special Programs Administration May 1, 1994 – September 30, 2001 400 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20590-0001 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation and the North Carolina Department of Transportation, through the Center for Transportation and the Environment, NC State University. 16. Abstract The Tulula Wetlands Mitigation Bank, the first wetlands mitigation bank in the Blue Ridge Province of North Carolina, was created to compensate for losses resulting from highway projects in western North Carolina. The overall objective for the Tulula Wetlands Mitigation Bank has been to restore the functional and structural characteristics of the wetlands. Specific ecological restoration objectives of this Phase I study included: 1) reestablishing site hydrology by realigning the stream channel and filling drainage ditches; 2) recontouring the floodplain by removing spoil that resulted from creation of the golf ponds and dredging of the creek; 3) improving breeding habitat for amphibians by constructing vernal ponds; and 4) reestablishing floodplain and fen plant communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Birth of a Colony North Carolina Guide for Educators Act II—The Road to Zacatecas
    Birth of a Colony North Carolina Guide for Educators Act II—The Road to Zacatecas Birth of a Colony Guide for Educators Birth of a Colony explores the history of North Carolina from the time of European exploration through the Tuscarora War. Presented in five acts, the video combines primary sources and expert commentary to bring this period of our history to life. Use this study guide to enhance students’ understanding of the ideas and information presented in the video. The guide is organized according to the video’s five acts. Included for each act are a synopsis, a vocabulary list, discussion questions, and lesson plans. Going over the vocabulary with students before watching the video will help them better understand the film’s content. Discussion questions will encourage students to think critically about what they have viewed. Lesson plans extend the subject matter, providing more information or opportunity for reflection. The lesson plans follow the new Standard Course of Study framework that takes effect with the 2012–2013 school year. With some adjustments, most of the questions and activities can be adapted for the viewing audience. Birth of a Colony was developed by the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, in collaboration with UNC-TV and Horizon Productions. More resources are available at the website http://www.unctv.org/birthofacolony/index.php. 2 Act II—The Road to Zacatecas By the middle of the 16th century, Spain controlled much of South and Central America as well as the islands of the Caribbean. Sugar plantations, which relied heavily on the forced labor of the native people, flourished on the islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewing Guide 17
    Episode: The First Lost Colony EXPLORING NORTH CAROLINA CHAPTER 2 (0:00–2:25) ing G iew uid 1. Why do you think school textbooks devote so little space to Spanish V e exploration and colonization of the New World? This country was successfully colonized by the English, not by the Spanish. We speak English, and many people today are descendants 17 of the early English. 2. Research from the 1980s suggests that Hernando DeSoto and Captain Juan Pardo did not travel to the westernmost part of present-day North FO S Carolina, but that the expeditions traveled from the Wateree river R TEACHER valley (in present-day South Carolina) into what western North Carolina river basin? Catawba River Basin. USEFUL VOCABULARY archaeologist CHAPTER 3 (2:25–6:50) Berry Site 3. Though researchers found no direct evidence of Spanish presence, they Fort San Juan still made discoveries at the Berry Site in 1986. What did they learn? philosophy Some possible answers: The town dated to the mid-16th century; it had earthen mounds, which suggested a powerful, well-defended town. river basin 4. What is the significance of olive jars not being traded with natives, and what can archaeologists infer about the Spanish who owned the jars? Because the jars were not traded with natives, the Spanish soldiers must have taken the jars with them. Any place these jars are found is associ­ ated with the Spanish because they alone had the jars. This knowledge allows archaeologists to pinpoint where the Spanish people traveled. CHAPTER 4 (6:50–10:41) 5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nikwasi Indian Mound
    The Nikwasi Indian Mound The Nikwasi Indian Mound is the last remnant of a Cherokee town of the same name which once stood here on the banks of the Little Tennessee River. The Cherokee Nation towns were divided into Lower, Middle, and Over the Hill Towns. The Middle Towns, of which Nikwasi was one, were found every few miles along the Little Tennessee and its tributaries from its headwaters to the Smokies. While the mound was probably built during the earlier Mississippian Culture, it was the spiritual center of the area. A Council House, or Town House, used for councils, religious ceremonies, and general meetings, was located on top the mound, and the ever-burning sacred fire, which the Cherokee had kept burning since the beginning of their culture, was located there. Thus the mound was a most revered site. The town of Nikwasi was a "white", or peace, town. It was believed that the Nunne'hi, the spirit people, lived under this mound. When James Mooney was studying the legends of the Cherokee for the Smithsonian in 1887 - 1890, he was told the legend of these Spirit Defenders of Nikwasi by an old medicine man name Swimmer. Today it stands as a stately and silent reminder of a time, a culture, and a people of a bygone era. The mound has never been excavated for any reason, agricultural, archeological, or commercial. It stands at near its original height. One cannot truly experience the mound by merely driving by. One must stand at the base to appreciate the size and grace of Nikwasi, and try to envision a time from the past when the mound was surrounded not by busy 21st century traffic and businesses, but by fields, orchards, and a people who lived in complete harmony with the land and the river.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide to Florida's
    Teacher’s Guide to Florida’s Native People Inquiry Boxes: Museum on the move FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SW 34th Street & Hull Road on the University of Florida campus, Gainesville, FL Monday – Saturday 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. • Sunday & Holidays 1 p.m. – 5 p.m. (352) 846-2000 ext. 214 • www.flmnh.ufl.edu 2 www.flmnh.ufl.edu © 2002 Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida This Teacher’s Guide is made possible by a grant from the Department of State, Division of Historical Resources, Historical Museums Grants-in-Aid Program Acknowledgments This guide was produced by the Florida Museum of Natural History under the direction of Marilyn M. Roberts, Education Programs Coordinator Graphic Designer . .Pat Klaus Writer and Copy Editor . .Jeanne Chamberlin Writer and Copy Editor . .Darcie MacMahon Copy Editor . .Dr. Betty Dunckel Camp Museum Artist . .Merald Clark Museum Photographers . .Jeff Gage, Tammy Johnson Seminole Photographers . .Ernie Tiger, Elrod Bowers Seminole Graphic Designer . .Melissa Sherman Canoe Race Illustration . .Andrew Works Cover Illustration . .Allen Cheuvront Florida Heritage Education Program, Department of State, Division of Historical Resources In addition, I would like to thank the following people at FLMHH for their contributions to the Museum on the Move: Inquiry Boxes program: Dr. Douglas S. Jones, FLMNH Director Division of Exhibits and Public Programs Kurt Auffenberg • Jeannette Carlisle • Brian Chamberlain Ron Chesser • Lorraine Duerden • Susan Jarzen Dale Johnson • Tom Kyne • Robert Leavy Dr. Bruce J. MacFadden • John Patterson • Erika Simons • Charlene Smith FLMNH Volunteers and Docents Division of Collections and Research Sarah Brix • Richard Franz • Dr. David M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Underwater Archaeology of Paleolandscapes, Apalachee Bay, Florida Author(S): Michael K
    Society for American Archaeology The Underwater Archaeology of Paleolandscapes, Apalachee Bay, Florida Author(s): Michael K. Faught Source: American Antiquity, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Apr., 2004), pp. 275-289 Published by: Society for American Archaeology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128420 Accessed: 14-09-2016 18:19 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4128420?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms Society for American Archaeology is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Antiquity This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Wed, 14 Sep 2016 18:19:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms REPORTSX THE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY OF PALEOLANDSCAPES, APALACHEE BAY, FLORIDA Michael K. Faught Submerged prehistoric sites investigated in northwest Florida along the margins of the drowned Aucilla River channel (or PaleoAucilla) extend our understanding ofprehistoric settlement patterns and paleolandscape utilization. Bifacial and uni- facial tools indicate Late Paleoindian and Early Archaic logistical activities at these sites, as well as later Middle Archaic occupations.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupation Polygons
    Polygon Date & Period Archaeological Phase Cultural - Historical Source & Comment Hist or Arch Pop & Sites Group Estimate 1 early 16th century Little Tennessee site 16th century Chiaha mid-16th century, Little Tennessee site cluster cluster and sites 7-19 and sites 7-19, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Chiaha, three populations, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Little Tennessee cluster plus additional sites, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 2 early 16th century Hiwassee site cluster mid-16th century, Hiwassee site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Hiwassee cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 3 early 16th century Chattanooga site cluster 16th century Napochies mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Hally et al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; 16th century Napochies, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Chattanooga site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 4 early 16th century Carters site cluster; 16th century Coosa mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Hally et al. X Barnett phase 1990:Fig. 9.1; Barnett phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century Coosa, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Carters site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 5 early 16th century Cartersville site cluster; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Hally et Brewster phase al. 1990:Fig. 9.1; Brewster phase, Hally and Rudolph 1986:Fig. 15; 16th century, Smith 1989:Fig. 1; mid-16th century, Cartersville site cluster, Smith, 2000:Fig. 18 6 early 16th century Rome site cluster; 16th century Apica mid-16th century, Rome site cluster, Hally et al.
    [Show full text]