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Equitydiversity00gallrich.Pdf University of California Berkeley REGIONAL ORAL HISTORY OFFICE Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley. California History of Bay Area Philanthropy Series Herman E. Gallegos EQUITY AND DIVERSTIY: HISPANICS IN THE NONPROFIT WORLD with an introduction by Ruth Chance An Interview Conducted by Gabriel le Morris in 1988 California Copyright (c} 1989 by the Regents of the University of Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well -placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with materials and in The Bancroft at photographs and illustrative , placed Library the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between the University of California and Herman E. 23 1988 . The is Gallegos dated February , manuscript thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Request for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720, and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The legal agreement with Herman E. Gallegos requires that he be notified of the request and allowed thirty days in which to respond. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows : Herman E. Gallegos, "Equity and Diversity: Hispanics in the Nonprofit World," an oral history conducted in 1988 by Gabrielle Morris, the Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1989. Copy No. ]_ HERMAN GALLEGOS ca. 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS Herman Gal legos PREFACE i INTRODUCTION by Ruth Chance vii INTERVIEW HISTORY ix BRIEF BIOGRAPHY xi I EARLY YEARS 1 Not-for-Profit Issues in 1988 1 Boyhood Experiences with Charity in Colorado and San Francisco 2 Diversity and Stress; Young Enterpreneur 7 Experiences at San Francisco and San Jose State Colleges 9 II ORGANIZING HISPANICS IN THE 1950s 13 Sal Si Puedes; Community Service Organization, Fred Ross, Sr. 13 CSO Chapters Statewide; Farmworkers and Civil-Rights Coalitions 17 Ernesto Galarza and Cesar Chavez 22 A Sense of Voluntarism 25 Times Change 26 III GRADUATE SCHOOL; EARLY PROFESSIONAL CAREER 28 A Break with Saul Alinsky 28 San Bernardino County Council of Community Services; Defending Civil Rights 29 UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare, 1955-1958 30 Rosenberg Foundation Community-Development Grants 31 State Fair Employment Practices Commission; Building Hispanic Institutions 33 Bayview-Hunter* s Point Youth Opportunity Center; Ford Foundation Research 36 IV FORMATIVE EXPERIENCES 38 Intellectual Affirmation 38 Students and Faculty at Berkeley 39 Teaching at San Jose State 40 Social Activism in the 1960s 42 Equity Issues at Rockefeller and Other Foundations, Business Corporations 43 V POLITICAL EXPERIENCE 45 FEPC Staff 45 Perceptions of Blacks and Hispanics 46 Working with Assembly Speaker Jesse Unruh 47 Voter Registration, 1960 48 VI MORE ON THE SAN FRANCISCO YOUTH OPPORTUNITY CENTER; PERSISTENT SOCIAL ISSUES 50 Interagency Job Training Program, 1964 50 Citizen Participation 53 Problems of Basic Education, A Changing Economy 57 Need for Structural Institutional Change 59 Poverty in the 1980s; Rockefeller Assessment 61 VII SOUTHWEST COUNCIL OF LA RAZA, 1965-1970 63 Ford Foundation's Hispanic Initiative 63 Creation of Southwest Council; 1969 Tax Reform Act 68 Trouble in Texas and in Congress 69 Realignment with Ford: Social Change vs. Measurable Results 72 FBI Surveillance; Other Black and Brown Community Organizations 74 VIII ROSENBERG FOUNDATION: GRANTEE AND BOARD MEMBER 78 The Youth Opportunity Center as Social Experiment 78 Selection as Trustee, 1973 79 Board Discussions; Fellow Trustees 82 Valley Self-Help Projects Revisited; Input from Former Trustees 85 Kirke Wilson Succeeds Ruth Chance as Executive Director 87 Self-Evaluation; Collegia! ity 88 Joint Funding Approaches 90 Immigration Policy Process 91 Questions of Advocacy and Security 93 Long-Term Support: Child-Abuse Concerns 95 IX COMPARING THE ROSENBERG AND ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATIONS 98 Smaller vs. Larger Grants; Financial Policies 98 External Affirmative-Action Policy 99 Incorporating Diversity in American Society 102 Concerns About Brokered Granting 103 Handling Inquiries and Applications 105 Grantee Anxieties, Trustee Protocol, Staff Prerogatives 107 Advice to Potential Applicants 110 New and Continuing Grantees; Generations of Nonprofit Organizations 112 X CONSULTANT TO THE HALLMARK COMPANY IN THE 1980S 115 Social Responsibility and Business Concerns 115 New Hispanic Leadership 118 Models for Funding Hispanic Projects 119 XI A ROCKEFELLER TRUSTEE'S RESPONSIBILITIES 121 Between the Institution and the Community 121 Malaise at the Foundation 122 Task Force Defines New International Science Initiative 124 Speaking to Program Issues; Engagement with Staff 125 Opportunities for Non-Docket Discussions 127 XII CONCLUDING THOUGHTS 129 Corporate Board Experience: Telesis Foundation. Pacific Bell 129 Power and Behavior 132 TAPE GUIDE 133 a APPENDIX A. "U.S. Foundations and Minority Group Interests," Summary 134 Human Resources Corporation, San Francisco. 1975. B. "Hispanics in America: Opportunities for Responsive 142 Philanthropy," Herman Gallegos remarks to Conference on Hispanic Public Policy and Research Issues, New York, February 9, 1987 C. "The Passing Gusts of Social Change," by Herman Gallegos, 153 Ernesto Galarza Commemorative Lecture, Stanford Center for Chicano Research, June 2, 1989. INDEX 169 PREFACE Northern California Grantmakers and the Regional Oral History Office of The Bancroft Library at the University of California at Berkeley are pleased to present the first installment of a series of twelve oral histories documenting the growth and development of Bay Area philanthropy during the last twenty- five years. It is our hope that these memoirs will both preserve a record of the experiences and philosophies of selected senior members of the philanthropic community, and encourage greater understanding and discussion of the traditions of charitable giving. The starting point for this series was an earlier project of the Regional Oral History Office, completed in 1976, which documented Bay Area foundation history in the 1930s and 1940s, and the evolution of issues and leadership in the 1950s and 1960s. The new series will focus on the significant changes which have occurred since that time, including the tremendous growth in corporate giving, changes in the role of the government in supporting the arts and human services, and increased collaboration among grantmakers . Selection of prospective interviewees for the project involved many hard choices among outstanding persons in Bay Area philanthropy. The final selection was made by The Bancroft Library, arid reflects the broad spectrum of grantmaking organizations and styles in the Bay Area. The guiding principal has been to preserve a record of the thinking and experience of men and women who have made significant contributions in shaping the philanthropic response to the many changes which have occurred over the last twenty- five years. ii Overall guidance for the project has been provided by an advisory committee composed of representatives from the philanthropic community and the U.C. Berkeley faculty. The advisory committee is particularly indebted to Florette White Pomeroy and John R. May, whose enthusiasm, leadership and wise counsel made the project possible. The committee is also grateful to the eleven foundations and corporations which generously contributed the necessary financial support to conduct the project. Members of the advisory committee and the contributors are listed on the following pages. The director for the project is Gabrielle Morris, who conducted the previous project on the history of Bay Area foundations. Willa Baum, head of the Regional Oral History Office, provides administrative supervision, and overall supervision and much helpful guidance has been provided by Professor James D. Hart, Director of The Bancroft Library. For the advisory committee, Ruth Chance Thomas Layton April 1989 San Francisco, California San Francisco Chronicle A21 July 31, 2000 Ruth Clouse Chance/ executive director of the Rosenberg ' ' !jr a she , f Foundation in 1957, post Ruth Clouse Chance, who ran would hold until 1973. the San Francisco-based Rosenberg Ms. Chance served on the foun Foundation for 14 and had
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