INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 157 SUMMER NEWS 2011 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA
Crossrail G AIA Annual Report G National Heritage G Swansea Copper Great Yarmouth Jetty G The Future for Canals G TICCIH Big Stuff G William Armstrong Transform at Snibston Colliery
Reuse is essential if Industrial Heritage is to be This challenging integration of industry and maintained but it can be achieved in many ways. art is beginning to offer new routes for Leicestershire County Council’s Snibston Colliery discovering and exploring the significance INDUSTRIAL is the focus for an innovative arts project called industry has played in shaping our collective past. Transform that is bringing together the visual To this end a vital part of the process is to engage ARCHAEOLOGY arts and the industrial, technological and design local people and wider audiences in the process heritage of Leicestershire. of developing these pieces. A long-term ambition NEWS 157 is for artists to begin to see Snibston as a place of Summer 2011 Carolyn Abel, Principal Curator, Snibston, inspiration and a landscape in which major works Leicestershire County Council can be exhibited. It affords opportunities for Honorary President partnerships with other industrial heritage sites Prof Marilyn Palmer Maurice Maguire, Lead Artist, Transform & 63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EW Senior Lecturer, De Montfort University both within the locality, the region and beyond – Chairman for example, the Ruhr Valley, where there has long Tony Crosby been an interface between industry and artistic Snibston is a large visitor attraction located in 261 Stansted Road, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts CM23 2BT culture. But at the heart of Transform and Vice-Chairman Coalville, North West Leicestershire, located on Snibston’s regeneration programme is the Mark Sissons the site of the former Snibston Colliery. The latter, 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU interpretation and preservation of our industrial built by George Stephenson, opened in 1832 and Secretary past for future generations and the means by David de Haan following its closure in the 1980s, was reborn as which we can encourage our audiences to share AIA Liaison Office, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, a museum and industrial heritage centre in 1992. Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX in the understanding of that past and care about Funded by Arts Council England, the Treasurer its future. Bruce Hedge Transform project is at the heart of Snibston’s To find out more about the project and the 7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxon OX12 7ED major regeneration programme. Through a series progress of the work, visit: www.snibston.com IA Review Editors of commissions, the site and its collections will be Helen Gomersall & Dr Mike Nevell and follow the links through Facebook. 14 Church Hill, Luddenden, Halifax HX2 6PZ the creative inspiration for works produced by IA News Editor Midlands-based visual artists. The aim is to reveal Chris Barney new dimensions to Snibston, highlighting the The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8EN Affiliated Societies Officer connections it has to other places, activities and News from the Vacant people; linkages that extend beyond the Conference Secretary immediate vicinity to engage with wider regional, Wider Heritage John McGuinness national and international contexts. 29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PB World Endangered Sites Officer Transform was officially launched in August Amber Patrick 2010 when the Lead Artist Maurice Maguire, Flat 2, 14 Lypiatt Terrace, Cheltenham GL50 2SX transformed Snibston Colliery buildings with a The decision to abolish many of the ‘Quangos’ did Librarian and Archivist not, of course, abolish the tasks they performed. John Powell series of illuminations and projections, based on Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX his interpretation of the grain of the site, to re- Here is a summary of how these tasks will be Publicity Officer clothe and texture the headstocks and ancillary achieved with more limited resources. Roy Murphy 3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcs WR9 0DZ structures. This event, captured by photographer Recording Awards Officer John Robertson, revealed a whole new way of Tony Crosby Dr Victoria Beauchamp viewing and, more importantly, thinking about 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield S6 5BJ the iconic structures embodied in this At Risk English Heritage – Although English Heritage Sales Officer Scheduled Monument. (EH) survived the review of the quangos last year Roger Ford by the Coalition Government, they are having to Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, make over 30% savings over the next four years Shropshire WV15 6AF Council Members with the majority of the savings having to be David Alderton (Heritage Link) made in the first year. EH are therefore having to Bill Barksfield (overseas trips) prioritise their work, concentrating on their Mike Bone (Heritage Alliance) Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) statutory duties and functions which only they Dr Paul Collins (Conservation Award & Partnerships) are able to perform. Their National Heritage Steve Dewhirst (Conservation Award) Dr David Gwyn Protection Plan (NHPP), the framework for their David Lyne work over the next four years to 2015 will be Michael Messenger (Website manager) published and launched by the Minister in May. Stephen Miles (Conference bookings) Paul Saulter (overseas trips) The Interim NHPP published late last year took Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Rep) into account comments made in an earlier Dr Ian West (Health & Safety) consultation and the new grant settlement they Honorary Vice-Presidents Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons will receive from DCMS. Industrial and transport Prof John Hume Stuart B. Smith heritage figure large in a number of the activities Liaison Officer and projects that EH plan for the next four years David de Haan and Anne Lowes (assistant), AIA Liaison and they intend to build on successful models of Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. good practice, such as the production of the E-mail: [email protected] Brewery SHIER (State of the Historic Industrial Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org Environment Report) achieved in partnership with the Brewery History Society. In fact the NHPP COVER PICTURE envisages that partnerships with other TRANSFORM at Snibston Colliery organisations such as the AIA are essential to the Photo: © John Robertson Photo: © John Robertson successful implementation of the Plan.
2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 Consultation on the Interim NHPP proved to be and conservation. The council would have very supportive of the Plan and drew in helpful The Future for the influence rather than power. The change is comments. An Advisory Board of about 20 Inland Waterways supported by all parties and by BW’s Board. A members is being established representing a ‘national trust for the waterways’ has long been wide range of stakeholders from across the an aspiration of the Inland Waterways The government’s proposal to transfer the heritage sectors and is to be administered by the Association. management of the inland waterways from the Heritage Alliance. More details of the National BW’s management has stressed it will not British Waterways Board to a new charity has Heritage Protection Plan and the AIA’S merely be BW under another name but will be a now entered the consultation stage and this is contribution are on page 10 totally new organisation, though with much due to close on 30 June 2011. Below is the staffing continuity from the old. It will certainly government’s summary of the proposal followed The Advisory Committee on Historic Wreck need a change in attitudes: in 2009/10 BW had a by comment from Peter Brown on the possible Sites ceased to exist on 24th March 2011. From turnover of £187m, and nine staff were paid over consequences of the change. now English Heritage will provide advice on £140,000. (In fairness, they did waive their designations and licensing of historic wrecks performance-related bonuses, which would under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973, while Official Summary probably have been a minimum of an extra the Devolved Administrations will secure their This consultation seeks views on how in future £20,000 each). This compares with the National own advice for their Ministers. the inland waterways in England & Wales, that Trust, which had a turnover of £406m, but had are currently managed on behalf of the Secretary only one person paid over £140,000. The Advisory Committee on National Historic of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Will it be successful? Much depends on Ships – Having been declassified in the quango will be run. It sets out the rationale for moving funding. The government has announced that its review, National Historic Ships (NHS) will these waterways out of the public sector and into grant to the charity would be £39m in 2012/13 continue to receive a Government grant for a a new civil society organisation and the principles and that it would not fall below this figure up to further four years, but with a 15% cut in the which will guide the Government in deciding on 2022/23. However, this is a 24% cut in grant grant. Negotiations are still underway as to which the way forward. compared with 2010/11 and so far there has been organisation will host the NHS in future. Soon a The creation of a New Waterways Charity no promise that the £39m would be revised proposal regarding the transfer of the NHS’s (NWC) will give waterways users and their local annually for inflation. functions to the National Maritime Museum is communities a greater involvement in how the What about membership? Unlike the likely to be on the NHS website for comments. waterways are managed. The proposal will also National Trust’s members, the members of the help the waterways to be more financially new charity will not have voting rights — they The Railway Heritage Committee – Having sustainable, as the new charity will have access to would more truly be described as ‘supporters’. been abolished in the quango review, the Railway new sources of commercial and private income The main attraction of National Trust membership Heritage Committee (RHC) is currently in and fundraising, including legacies and is free entry to properties. The new waterways discussion with the National Railway Museum donations. It will create the opportunity to grow a charity could not offer anything similar, so why regarding the transfer of the functions and strong base of volunteers who can help maintain become a member of that charity rather than of powers of the HRC to that Museum, although a range of waterways assets, through their the Inland Waterways Association? there will not be any funds to transfer. knowledge, expertise, passion and commitment. And volunteering? Much has been said about To take part in the consultation email the National Trust’s success in attracting over British Waterways – On 30th March 2011 [email protected] and for more 60,000 volunteers. However, part of the reason is DEFRA launched a three month consultation on details consult: the camaraderie of the people working together the transfer of BW to a new national charity www.defra.gov.uk/consult/waterways at the various properties. Many of the waterways –(except for Scotland’s waterways which will be volunteers would be working in relative isolation. transferred to the Scottish Parliament). The Comment Also there could be a feeling that one was not Environment Agency’s waterways will remain Peter Brown really adding something but instead one was managed by the Agency until at least 2015. In doing a job for which previously someone was 2014 the performance of the new charity will be British Waterways (BW), at the moment officially paid. reviewed and options considered for the transfer a nationalised industry, is to become a charitable British Waterways has over 2,700 listed of the EA’s navigations at that time, in agreement trust in April 2012. buildings, a number exceeded only by the with the charity’s Trustees and if it is affordable BW’s responsibilities include almost all the National Trust and the Church of England. It also to do so. canals plus some navigable rivers including the has over 50 scheduled monuments and over 400 Severn, the Trent and the Aire. The other navigable miles of conservation area. Its waterways pass Heritage Lottery Fund – The Heritage Lottery rivers (principally the Thames, Great Ouse and through five World Heritage Sites including the Fund (HLF) also survived the review of quangos Nene) are mainly the responsibility of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct & Canal Site, which is one and will continue as an independent organisation Environment Agency — these will transfer to the of only three worldwide and was created until at least 2019 when its licence is due for new charity in 2015, subject to a review of the specifically because of its canal. The new renewal. Not only is it continuing to function, but charity’s performance in 2014. The Scottish waterways charity’s performance is therefore the amount of grant money HLF has to award to government has decided that its canals will not vitally important to anybody interested in the heritage projects will increase to £250m in 2011- transfer. country’s built heritage and industrial history. 12 and £300m in 2012-13. A charity would be able to bid for money from funders who would not give it to a branch of Museums, Libraries and Archives Council – government. It would have members paying an Having been abolished in the quango review, its annual subscription to support its work, and it functions are being transferred to the Arts would be more attractive to volunteers. There are Council. It seems that the awarding of PRISM also greater financial freedoms particularly in VISIT THE AIA grants will continue although the amount borrowing money and certain tax advantages. available is not currently known. The proposal is to have a small number of WEBSITE trustees who would report to a larger council www.industrial-archaeology.org made up of ‘stakeholders’ drawn from the various interests such as boating, fishing, walking, cycling
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —3 scale manufacture of armaments, sold to all and The Cleveland Street Workhouse has survived Armstrong sundry, which has made him less of a popular largely unchanged since the Georgian era. Its Bi-centenary hero than I K Brunel or Robert Stephenson. It is austere appearance is a rare testimony to the hinted that Andrew Undershaft, in George bleak and utilitarian institution it was designed to Bernard Shaw’s 1905 play Major Barbara, was be. Its back yard was a graveyard for the poor, full William Armstrong was one of the greatest of loosely inspired by William Armstrong. of dead to a depth of at least 20 feet. nineteenth century engineers though less well Changes made to its internal fabric over time remembered than others. IA News apologises for – like safety windows and fire doors, skylights, missing his anniversary. Cleveland Street water closets, and showers – were part of the evolution of hospital architecture over the Robert Carr Workhouse centuries it has served. The building embodies the evolution of health-care for ordinary Londoners The bi-centenary of the birth of W G Armstrong The Cleveland Street Workhouse was originally since the days of King George III. occurred on 26th November last year. Sir William built in 1775 and it is the best preserved Georgian Recent research has revealed that the Armstrong was one of the most influential era workhouse in Central London, one of only building was the likely inspiration for Charles engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the three remaining in the Capital. Dickens’ Oliver Twist, since the famous author 19th century. There were local celebrations in the lived only a few doors away, on the same side of North East but this event seemed to arouse Thanks to Paul H Vigor for bringing this to our the road, for nearly five years of his early life, surprisingly little public attention at a national attention. before he became famous as ‘Boz’. level despite the fact that his house, Cragside, has Dr. Joseph Rogers – the most active and several times been featured on television. On 14 March Aimery de Malet Roquefort, on successful reformer of workhouse medicine of the William George Armstrong FRS (1810–1900) behalf of the Cleveland Street Workhouse Group, 19th century – was the workhouse medical officer was an industrialist from the north east who wrote with the ‘fantastic news’ that the Secretary there in the mid-19th century. Charles Dickens essentially founded the Armstrong-Whitworth of State for Culture, Media and Sport had was an active supporter, as was Louisa Twining, manufacturing empire. Initially following a legal reviewed their application and had decided to list the famous medical journal, The Lancet, and career, he worked for eleven years as a solicitor. the building at Grade II. Although development (behind the scenes) Florence Nightingale. He took an interest in water-powered machines will still take place this decision will ensure that Important architects have been involved in and in 1846, as an amateur scientist, became an the central core Georgian elements will be the building’s design: the well-known Georgian FRS. Armstrong developed a successful hydraulic protected. architect Thomas Hardwick (responsible for the crane and in 1847 the firm of WG Armstrong & The building has witnessed a unique Grade I listed St. Mary the Virgin Church in Company was formed which grew rapidly. In evolution in the medical care of the sick and poor, Wanstead among many others) was responsible 1850-51 he was responsible for the invention of being a workhouse infirmary for most of its for two of its wards, while Giles & Gough (who the highly-significant weight-loaded hydraulic existence, with purpose-built Nightingale wards designed the Grade II listed Langham Hotel) were accumulator which paved the way for the added a century after its inception. Then, at the the architects of the fine pavilion wards now widespread adoption of ‘hydraulic power’, a end of the workhouse era in the 1920s, it became standing at the rear of the building. system in which energy is distributed by means of part of the charitable Middlesex Hospital. State- water at high pressure in pipes. of-the-art surgical and maternity facilities were In 1854 Armstrong learned of the difficulties housed there between the Wars, and it was an the British Army were having with heavy field important local facility during the Blitz. The same guns in the Crimea. He therefore designed and building served sick Londoners under the built a lighter breech-loading gun with a rifled National Health Service, as the Middlesex barrel which fired shells rather than balls. The Hospital’s Outpatient Department, until the barrel of this gun consisted of a steel lining within hospital’s closure and demolition in 2005. wrought iron reinforcement. The success of Armstrong’s guns led to the establishment of a separate armaments firm, the Elswick Ordnance Company. Perhaps it is the association of Armstrong with Vickers-Armstrong and the large-
William Armstrong Cleveland Street Workhouse
4—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 their retention. Listed grade II in 1995, along with finished by the summer of 2012 in time for the The Construction of the Centre Point office block itself, they were arrival of the tunnel boring machines. The original Crossrail designed by Jupp Dernbach-Mayen who used to battered dock walls are listed grade I and these live in Hampstead. There are proposals to re-erect are not being touched. During works at the West One of the largest construction projects in these fountains elsewhere, at a new development India Docks over the last decade or so contractors Europe, Crossrail, will affect many historic sites. at the East India Docks or perhaps Whitestone have been referring to Jessop’s walls as ‘banana’ Bob Carr describes work at Tottenham Court Pond, Hampstead. The general public had walls. Road and in the West India Docks. Below Michael something of a love-hate relationship with the The site of the station is wholly within the Bussel describes how establishing good relations fountains; you never seemed to know when they Dock. Its specially constructed coffer dam was with the contractor has had positive results at Old would be working. It is claimed that they were completed in early 2010 and pumping to drain Oak Common. often dry during a hot summer but in full spout on the area enclosed was officially started on 11 windy winter days when passers-by would be February 2010 by the Transport Minister, Mr Sadiq Robert Carr soaked by spray. In the area around Centre Point Khan MP, and Mr Rob Holden, Chief Executive of the pavement layout has been criticised. Crossrail. They switched on the pumps to drain Work on the building of Crossrail in London is Pedestrians can be forced into a bus lane giving nearly 22 million gallons of water from inside the now well underway. Enabling-works started rise to the highest level of pedestrian injuries in dam, transferring water to the remaining part of about the beginning of 2009 and the main Central London. The area once occupied by the the Import Dock at up to 2,900 gallons per construction in 2010. The clearing of work-sites Plaza will be used as a construction site by minute. When about three feet of water remained and the sinking of shafts in and around central Crossrail. a specialist team went down to the dock bed to London is particularly difficult due to the The Centre Point tower, a prominent London safely remove and relocate fish and other aquatic congestion, high property prices, listed buildings landmark, has 35 floors and is 385 feet high. life. and the necessity of avoiding previous Planning permission to build this office block was subterranean works. Scheduled to open in 2017, finally granted in August 1959, a condition being Crossrail will be similar to the RER in Paris that around the base of the tower there would be Developments at allowing full-size suburban trains to run into room for traffic to circulate, hence the plaza and Old Oak Common London, under it and out again on the other side. fountains. Work started in 1962 and it was Initially, Crossrail is to operate a 73 mile completed in 1964. The architects R Seifert and system from Maidenhead and Heathrow in the Partners also designed the Nat West Tower, now Michael Bussell west, beneath central London in a pair of new Tower 42 – 600 feet high – built 1971-80. A tunnels 20 feet in diameter and 13 miles long, to building the size of Centre Point has deep In IA News 155 Robert Carr reported on the Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east. It will foundations which restrict where the Crossrail prospective loss of the unlisted buildings and increase London’s public transport capacity by station can be built. Because of the building work other structures at the former GWR locomotive roughly ten per cent. The new subterranean route in progress, traffic northbound on the Charing depot at Old Oak Common in west London, will have to weave its way between existing Tube Cross Road is suffering lengthy delays. including buildings designed under the leadership and road tunnels and the foundations of tall At the West India Docks a considerable area of its renowned Chief Mechanical Engineer, G J buildings. Electrification is to be overhead using of William Jessop’s Import Dock of 1802 has been Churchward. The site is planned to accommodate the 25 kV, 50 Hz AC system and in the central dewatered for the building of Canary Wharf the maintenance depot of the Crossrail scheme section there will be up to 24 trains per hour in station which will be one of the largest on that will create an east-west main line rail link each direction. Trains are to consist of ten Crossrail. The station building rising up through across London. (And, following a Government carriages. The main tunnel boring work starts this the Dock itself will be six storeys high. Four of the announcement just before Christmas, it now year. six storeys will be for retail with restaurant and appears that the new high-speed rail line HS2 will Naturally, such a large civil engineering community facilities on the top floor. A semi have a station just to the east of the depot site, project will affect archaeology as well as standing open-air timber lattice roof will allow views out allowing interchange with Crossrail, the Heathrow buildings but things are being carefully and over the Dock. The ‘station box’ is expected to be Express, and the Great Western main line.) agreeably done with due regard to heritage. Sites of activity stretch for over ten miles across London but space forbids mention of more than two examples. One of the main areas affected so far has been just south of the junction of Charing Cross Road, Tottenham Court Road and Oxford Street. On the west side of Charing Cross Road several buildings including the Astoria Theatre, latterly used as a live-music venue and night club, have been demolished and the site is now a large and busy works area with construction materials and tall silos. The Astoria Theatre, at TQ 298 813, was converted from a warehouse in 1927 and used as a cinema up to 1976. The memorable last-ever music night here, a six-hour ‘Demolition Ball’ held on 14 January 2009, was a sell-out. Amy Winehouse, Nirvana, Radiohead, Oasis, Arctic Monkeys and many more once performed here. Other popular music venues in the vicinity, the Metro, Sin nightclub and The Ghetto, have also been demolished. Looking east across the last surviving turntable at Old Oak Common on 24 June 2010, before it was moved to the Swanage The fountains in front of Centre Point to the Railway. The ‘Factory’ maintenance shed is the large building centre right, with the Stores building to its right northeast have also gone despite a campaign for Photo: Michael Bussell
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —5 in 1953 by a 70 foot installation from the well- known makers of railway equipment – Cowans, Sheldon of Carlisle. It is pleasing to report that Network Rail agreed the transfer of this to the preserved Swanage Railway, where it will be returned to service after years of disuse. The move duly took place in early November. Railway enthusiasts will be familiar with photographs of GWR locomotives taken at Old Oak Common, in which the depot’s buildings serve only as a backdrop. We look forward to a descriptive publication based on the recent documentary research and the on-site recording that will give due recognition to the buildings and ancillary structures, without which these machines could not have operated. Bonawe Furnace A remarkable survival near Taynuilt, Argyl, in the care of Historic Scotland, has been brought to our attention by Chris Hodrien. Old Oak Common, the Stores building exterior from the north-east Photo: Michael Bussell Text courtesy of www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk Concern over these proposals has in the event As a result of discussions, Crossrail led to a very constructive engagement with the commissioned an archaeological assessment of Just north of Taynuilt is the Bonawe Iron Furnace, Crossrail project team. The leading figure here has the built heritage by Pre-Construct Archaeology. a relic from an industrial past that produced been the Chairman of the Hammersmith & Fulham This has involved extensive documentary anything up to 700 tons of iron per year from Historic Buildings Group, Angela Dixon, advised by research, and includes recommendations for 1753 to 1876. It is in the care of Historic Scotland members of the Group and GLIAS with industrial building recording to the standards defined by and open to the public from April to September. archaeological knowledge (including Malcolm English Heritage, as well as proposals for salvage Your first reaction on finding a large iron Tucker, who had written a very useful study of the of a number of building elements. The building furnace in this beautiful spot is to look at a map surviving 1906 ‘Factory’ building, in which steam recording is now in hand. A very informative site to work out where the iron ore came from. Your locomotives underwent major maintenance). It is visit on 24 June at the invitation of Crossrail was second is probably to look at the quarrying visible accepted that the scheme will involve clearance of guided by P-CA and attended by members of the on the hillside at Bonawe on the far side of Loch the site and, as Robert reported, the Crossrail Act Historic Buildings Group as well as Etive and add two and two. The discovery that the now debars the buildings from listing. So the representatives of English Heritage, GLIAS, and ore turned into iron at Bonawe actually came by emphasis has been on developing a better the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham. sea from Furness, in what is now Cumbria, is a understanding of what actually remains while it is Among the structures seen during the visit surprising one. Why would they bother? still there, and then on implementing appropriate was the last of four turntables, each within one of The answer revolves around the problem of levels of recording and on identifying significant the four locomotive roundhouses (all long- transporting the fuel. Until the widespread use of features that might be salvaged. demolished). The original turntable was replaced coke in the late 1700s, iron furnaces depended for fuel on charcoal. And the large scale production of charcoal needed an awful lot of trees. Still worse, transporting the charcoal was a hugely wasteful business. The approach adopted by the English iron masters who ran the business was to take the iron to the source of the fuel. As early as 1610 they had set up a furnace near Gairloch in the far North West. Argyll contained plentiful woodland and Loch Etive became one of a number of centres to which ore was transported for smelting. Their first efforts in this immediate area were further up Loch Etive at Glen Kinglass. This site only operated from 1722 to 1738. The lessons learned were used when setting up the Bonawe furnace in 1753. At its height, the Bonawe furnace was the centre of a significant settlement. The manager would have been supported by perhaps eight men producing the iron, plus up to a dozen more involved in arranging the delivery of the charcoal and maintenance of the site. They and their families, many from England, occupied the Old Oak Common, early and unusual cast steel nodes connecting steel tie-rods and timber struts in the roof trusses of the workers’ houses still visible around the site. Stores building Photo: Michael Bussell In addition there were up to 600 tree cutters
6—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 Heritage. The second Big Stuff was held there at Bochum in 2007. The Ruhr was European Capital of Culture in 2010. On Wednesday afternoon Dr Stefan Brueggerhoff and Norbert Tempel presented a paper on conservation planning for really large industrial machinery complexes and, following this, were two contributions from Norbert Tempel, the first on the remarkable Zollern Colliery Engine House in Dortmund and the second an account of the major restoration of a vapour discharge tower at the Henrichshütte Iron Works, Hattingen. In the morning we had had a presentation on conflict avoidance at the Natural History Museum London and an original paper which aroused considerable interest on the testing and selection of appropriate finishes for ferrous artefacts intended for public display. This was by Yvonne Shashoua from the National Museum of Denmark Copenhagen. On Thursday James Mitchell of Industrial Heritage Consulting Ltd considered the advisability of operating large stationary steam Bonawe furnace hearth Photo: Undiscovered Scotland engines, discussing two main examples: the and charcoal burners employed for at least part of of the site and information about the iron making Trencherfield Mill engine Wigan and the the year across a huge area of north Argyll, process. Also on the site is a bark house. The oak Newcomen engine at Elsecar. coppicing wood and converting it into the fuel for bark, produced as a side product of the charcoal The audience included a considerable number the furnace. On average, a single day’s production making, was valuable for the tanning industry. of overseas delegates. We had for instance of iron required the amount of charcoal that could But the heart of the site today, as during its Professor Masaaki Okada from Kinki University be produced by cutting two acres of woodland. productive life, is the furnace itself. The upper Osaka, at the time a visiting scholar from the The centre of the process at Bonawe was the parts of this show what workers’ lives would have University of Cambridge, and two Americans furnace itself. This was fed from the top with local been like, feeding the furnace, while the furnace Mary Habstritt and Gerald Weinstein from New charcoal, with iron ore from Furness, and with itself can be seen from below via the hearth. York. They were promoting their project to return limestone from Lismore. Bellows, driven by a Outside it is still possible to see the mill race from the 1933 lighthouse tender Lilac to steam. She waterwheel, blasted air through the furnace, and the reservoir to the south, together with the pit in still has her two triple expansion engines and is the iron trickled out at the bottom. which the water wheel sat until 1941. berthed in the Hudson River at Pier 40. Numerous The iron produced at Bonawe was either cast Australians were present and Scandinavia was into rough “pigs” for transport back to England well represented, especially Norway. The and further processing, or it was cast into conference had quite a military flavour overall cannonballs. In 1781, Bonawe produced 42,000 TICCIH – BIG STUFF with the conservation of large aviation exhibits cannonballs, varying in size from 3lb to 32lb. prominent. Many presentations considered the An iron furnace was originally set up at at Duxford dilemma: do we restore a large artefact to Bonawe because of the slight cost advantage it working condition and use it for demonstration offered over production in Lancashire. Production A report on the international meeting to discuss purposes or retain it intact in its original condition petered out in the middle of the 1800s, and the issues raised by really challenging artefacts for examination and serious study by posterity? eventually stopped altogether in 1876. Advances One yardstick is the rarity of the item. If it is in in technology and especially, widespread use of Robert Carr some senses replaceable then restoration to coke, meant that iron could be more cheaply working order is allowable but unique items must produced in northern England, and in the central This was a very friendly TICCIH meeting held at not be tampered with. belt of Scotland. Bonawe’s 120 year industrial the Imperial War Museum Duxford Duxford aerodrome was a major location for revolution was over. Cambridgeshire on 6-8th October 2010, useful for the 70 mm widescreen film Battle of Britain made Bonawe today is set on a beautifully grassy networking and with some excellent papers. It in 1968. As part of the simulated air attack on an slope facing north towards Loch Etive. The higher was the first Big Stuff Conference we have had in RAF fighter base one of the four c.1918 hangars parts of the slope are occupied by the large the UK, the first being in Canberra Australia in at Duxford was really blown up. The three charcoal stores plus the ore shed, still stained red 2004. Among many thought provoking surviving hangars which have Belfast truss roofs from the ore. The ore shed also houses a presentations were three papers from Germany are now listed grade II*. Attitudes have changed fascinating series of displays charting the history on the Ruhrgebiet (the Ruhr Basin) and its World in 40 years.
WANTED for the Industrial Archaeology News Regional Correspondents for the West of England and North West England Willing to contribute 800 to 1 400 words once a year reporting on the happenings, recent and prospective, in those areas with, where possible, photographs to illustrate them. Please contact Chris Barney, Editor – [email protected]
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —7 AIA NEWS AIA Council of the 100th anniversary year of Tom archaeology, the Association engineering and industry in Rolt’s birth, which was attended by published two issues of Industrial nineteenth century America. Management Report for Tom’s widow Sonia. Sessions were Archaeology Review, the first under 2010 presented from eminent speakers the joint editorship of Helen Other awards were made at the The Association is a registered who had all known Tom: Angus Gomerall and Dr Mike Nevell, and annual Conference in Cornwall: charity, whose objectives are to Buchanan, Keith Falconer, James the second under the editorship of 1. The Fieldwork and Recording encourage and promote for the Sutherland, Julia Elton, Richard Dr David Gwyn. Peer reviewed and Award (Funded) went to Kirsty public benefit the study of, and Hope and Sir Neil Cossons. with an international Editorial Dingwall of Headland research in, the archaeology of Over the following week we Board, the IA Review is the journal Archaeology and Pre- industry and the industrial period, learned more about Cornwall’s of the AIA and provides a forum for Construction Archaeology for and to promote education in the industrial heritage, its mining, a wide range of specialist interests The M47 Completion Project, identification, recognition and transport, ports and telegraphy. in industrial archaeology. Articles received on her behalf by conservation of the industrial Visits were made to the ports of over the year covered various Andrea Smith and Peter Moore. heritage. The General Report of the Falmouth and Par, to the mines of technological, archaeological, Council of Management South Crofty, Western Union, historical, geographical, social and 2. The Fieldwork and Recording summarises the activities for the Taylor’s, Poldark, Roe Vale, King architectural aspects of industrial Award (Unfunded) went to Year Ending 31st December 2010. Edwards, Levant, Botallak, Geevor, archaeology. Jacquie Aitken of Cline Heritage Marriott’s and Wheal Peevor, and to Four issues of the Industrial Society for The Extractive David de Haan, Honorary the Cornish clay mining heritage at Archaeology News were produced Industries of the Brora Project. Secretary Wheal Martyn and the clay under the editorship of Dr Peter 3. The Student Fieldwork and workings of the St Just coast. Stanier. The quarterly IA News is the Recording Award 2010 went to In 2010 Council met at Leicester Conference tours also visited the bulletin and main communication Nicholas Pilszak for The University in February and in London works of Harvey’s at Hayle and the organ of the AIA. Illustrated reports Conservation Plan for Garpit in June. In addition Council had an Submarine Telegraphy Museum at covered all the Association’s Corn Mill, Ferryport-on-Craig, Extraordinary Council Meeting in Porthcurno. activities as well as short technical Fife. September at the University College It was an extremely interesting articles, reports on affiliated Falmouth, Tremough Campus shortly and instructive week in a beautiful societies, regional news, TICCIH, 4. The Postgraduate Dissertation before the AGM to receive any county. Thanks are due to the conferences, letters, etc. Award went to Ian Wyre, nominations and deal with other Conference organisers, John A programme of digitising past University of York, for his thesis AGM business. The final Council McGuinness and Stephen Miles, and conference Gazetteers was begun, on Forging Virtual Links with meeting of the year was at particularly to Kingsley Rickard and and as part of the National Capacity the Past: Treadgold’s Coalbrookdale in November. the enthusiastic and knowledgeable Building Programme (see Training, Ironmongers in Portsmouth. band of volunteers from the below) a Practical Handbook on 5. The Occasional Publications Annual Conference Trevithick Society. Unusually, two Industrial Archaeology is in Award went to Ken Hollamby The 2010 AGM and Conference was President’s Awards were made this preparation, to be published by the and Stewart Squires for Building held at Penryn at the University year for the best site visited, going Council for British Archaeology in a Railway: Bourne to Saxby, and College Falmouth, Tremough to King Edward Mine and to 2011. was received by Ken Hollamby. Campus, from 3rd – 9th September Porthcurno Submarine Telegraphy 6. The Journal Award was and was well supported by 118 AIA Museum. The Initiative Award for an Awards presented to Ron Martin of the members and their guests. The week ambitious project or innovative The Association continues to Sussex Industrial History Society began with a tour of Falmouth approach to conservation / support scholarship and fieldwork for 2010, issue 40; docks before the lectures and interpretation went to Rose Vale achievements. The recipient of the sessions which continued from Mine. prestigious Peter Neaverson Award 7. The Newsletter Award went to Friday evening to Sunday morning. for outstanding scholarship in the Leicester Industrial History After the Sunday AGM, Angus Publications industrial archaeology was Society for the Spring 2010 Buchanan organised and introduced To encourage high standards in all Professor Patrick Malone, for his issue, and was received by a Rolt Symposium to commemorate aspects of the study of industrial book Waterpower in Lowell: Wendy Freer.
The Quay at Fowey Photo: Michael Messenger The Levant Mine Engine Photo: David de Haan
8—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 AIA NEWS Grants biannual meetings of Industrial, Museum of Rouen, a waterworks, a officers and members of Council for In 2010 the Association received a Maritime & Transport organisations. working watermill making ropes in the increasing time and effort that further very generous amount from The group has an invitation list of the traditional manner, France’s they put in voluntarily to ensure the the same anonymous donor to over 30 members, receives HLF oldest working windmill and a smooth running of the Association support conservation projects, as updates and discusses new Benedictine distillery. Our sincere through Council and its committees. had been done the year before. Two developments affecting the sector. It thanks go to Susan Hayton for of the projects approved for support also visits recently-completed HLF researching the visits and to Paul AIA Restoration Grants in 2009 had experienced delays and projects and provides a focus and Saulter for making all the The latest AIA Restoration Grant of were still not complete in this year important networking opportunity organisational arrangements. up to £3500 has been awarded to of report – the Beamish chaldron for an otherwise disparate group of From 16th to 23rd October, an the Camden Canals & Narrowboat wagons and the Ellesmere Port Boat organisations. AIA is also a member ambitious trip saw members visiting Association (CCNA) for restoration Museum’s box boat. In 2010 new of Heritage Alliance (formerly Egypt. The programme was work on their narrowboat Tarporley. applications were received and it Heritage Link) and is represented on organised by David Wardrop, This boat, which is on the National was decided to make awards as its Spatial Planning Advocacy Group Chairman of the International Register of Historic Vessels, was follows: (SPAG) which met three times in Friends of the Alexandria Library. built in 1937 by W J Yarwood & Sons 2010. Visits in Alexandria included the 1. Repairs to the narrowboat of Northwich Cheshire for the Grand It has been a year of uncertainty magnificent library itself introduced Union Canal Carriers. In 1972 it was ‘Tarporley’ at Camden Canals in for both groups and their members, by Dr Mohsen Zahran, its first London, £3,500. converted to passenger use by in which the change of government Director, the city’s tram workshop, Camden Council in London to 2. The UK Pyrotechnics Society, for has been the key factor. Both are the commercial harbour with its provide residential and day trips to the dismantling and re-erection concerned with the impact of impressive cruise ship terminal, young and older members of the of two firework-making sheds common national developments, of Qaibey fort, and the Roman community. In 1992 it was from the Wells Firework Factory which the progress of the Heritage amphitheatre. A lecture by Dr transferred to a voluntary group, in Dartford to the Amberley Protection Bill and the replacement Mamdouh Hamza on canals in now the CCNA, who continue to run Museum, £2,500. of Planning Policy Guidance Notes Egypt prepared members for a visit day and residential trips and special 3. Restoration of a 19th century 15&16 by Planning Policy Statement to the Suez Canal Authority in events for over 1000 people each papermaking machine for (PPS) 15 have been the main items Ismailia, which included a cruise on year. Tarporley is moored on the display in working order at of concern to AIA. The Bill, Lake Timsah to the Canal on one of Regents Canal at Kings Place, near Frogmore Mill, The Apsley Paper seemingly supported by all parties, the Authority’s pilot boats, an Kings Cross Station in London and it Trail, £9,870. as reported in 2009, has now fallen explanation of their pilot training is hoped to complete the restoration These projects and progress on the away and the ‘Localism’ Bill, simulator, and a visit to De Lessep’s work before the main trip season on-going projects were described in published at the end of 2010, now house. In Cairo, visits included the later in the year. greater detail to AIA members at the occupies our full attention. The fate National Railways’ engineering base 2010 conference and there was of PPS15 remains a matter for guided by the Chief Engineer, the Cornwall Conference widespread support for them. speculation – the policy and Railway Museum with the guidance documents have now spectacular 1852 Stephenson Awards been issued and feature in locomotive and carriage built for the Following on from last year’s very Training consideration of development Khedive, and the arsenal and gun successful annual conference in The National Capacity Building applications, but are currently under foundry area of the Citadel, guided Cornwall and the nominations by Programme that began in 2008 with review in an attempt to simplify the by Professor Ralph Bodenstein, who members for the Conference two pilot training days and planning system. SPAG has been also guided the party round a large Awards, it was decided which sites continued in 2009 with five more, mainly concerned with the latter 1890s cotton ginning mill and an were to receive the President’s reached three more regions in 2010 issues whilst the HLF group has also early Nile barrage to the north of Award and the Initiative Award. The when a further round of funding considered asset transfer and the the city. Once again, our sincere nominations were dominated by was offered by English Heritage. The review of public bodies (aka the thanks go to Paul Saulter for three sites, with a further hand-full funding through an English Heritage ‘Bonfire of the Quangos’) in addition organising this extraordinary visit. of sites receiving just one or two grant has enabled the AIA to to customary HLF business. nominations. The AIA Council, organise training days in recognition By the time that this report is Changes on Council therefore, decided that awards of industrial buildings for the presented, there will doubtless be should be made to all three of these Council of British Archaeology Several long-serving members of more certainty – and more twists Council retired at the 2010 AGM: equally popular sites, as opposed to regional correspondents and and turns for AIA to think about. the usual two awards. So there were groups, local planning officers who after nine years in the role our In addition, the Association Honorary President Angus two President’s Awards for the best deal with listed building commented on the World Heritage site visited, one to the King Edward applications and members of fellow Buchanan retired and was Site tentative list and throughout succeeded by Professor Marilyn Mine and the other to the Amenity Societies. In 2010 there the year responses were sent to Porthcurno Telegraph Museum. The were one-day working sessions in Palmer; after 16 years as Editor of IA local authorities where industrial News Peter Stanier handed over to Rose Vale Mine will receive the the South West (Exeter), the South archaeology sites were endangered Initiative Award. The Awards were to East (Chilworth in Surrey) and the Chris Barney; and after eight years by planning applications, including as Honorary Secretary, Barry Hood be presented by Marilyn Palmer East Midlands (Long Eaton in among them Stanley Mills in Stroud. (President) and Tony Crosby Nottinghamshire). A further one in handed over to David de Haan. Christine Ball and Robert Carr (Chairman) in Cornwall in mid-April. the North West (Lancaster) in 2011 Overseas Visits will complete the coverage of retired as Council members (though England. Based in Rouen, from 19th to 23rd Robert was co-opted back on to the April members and guests visited committee), and we welcomed northern Normandy and the Seine Steve Dewhirst and Helen Gomersall Consultation valley. Field trips included Brassey in their place, both having already AIA continues to be represented on and Locke’s 1845 Barentin railway served a year as co-opted members. the Heritage Lottery Fund’s (HLF) viaduct, the port and Maritime We are very grateful to these and all
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —9 NOTICES National Heritage – see the IHAR website at: Step 4 Fill in the details and click on and help everyone to engage with Protection Plan http://www.english- ‘Create My Account’ archaeology and the wider historic heritage.org.uk/caring/heritage-at- At some stage you should check environment. So why not get Last year English Heritage (EH) risk/industrial-heritage-at-risk/ The involved? The Festival takes place began the process of producing a your email, as you will have a AIA has been identified as a partner message from Yahoo. Click on between 16 - 31 July 2011. National Heritage Protection Plan in its production and subsequent The Festival is co-ordinated by (NHPP) for the period April 2011 – the confirmation link to confirm action. The AIA’s Council will be your Yahoo account. the Council for British Archaeology March 2015. The NHPP is the new considering this at its meetings and and is entirely reliant on the Step 5 Click on ‘Continue’ button framework for bringing together we will be informing and consulting participation and support of work by EH and other partners with members throughout the year. Step 6 The next window will ask you heritage groups, societies and within the sector to protect the There will be many facets to this to choose your Flickr screen name. organisations around the UK. historic environment – the AIA is project and as well as research, Click on ‘Create My Account’ If you wish to discuss the seen as one of those partners. The which is due to be launched in A Flickr screen name can be Festival in more detail, or if you are Plan will allow EH to direct its October, one of these is a Flickr anything you like it to be. It does not interested in finding out more about expertise and resources towards Group in which you can share with have to be your real name. Your the CBA, contact Sophie Cringle, protection activities carried out by the world the industrial buildings, screen name will appear next to any Marketing & Events Officer. themselves or towards supporting sites and landscapes which matter comments or photo uploads you do. Further details can also be others to do so in respect of what to you. They do not have to be at found at they value as significant. This risk to be included. This Flickr Group Your Flickr account is now all set up http://www.archaeologyfestival. process began with two meetings, is being jointly run by English and ready to use. org.uk. the first lead by Simon Thurley, with Heritage (EH), the Council for British You can start uploading your representatives of a wide range of Archaeology (CBA) and the photos and sharing them with the More Industrial heritage organisations and the AIA Association for Industrial rest of the Flickr community was represented at these meetings Archaeology (AIA) and it can be If you do not wish to share your Buildings in Danger by the Chairman. Following these found here: own photos, but would like to just Industrial buildings in conservation meetings a draft plan was circulated http://www.flickr.com/groups/indust look at those that have been posted areas have little protection. The for consultation and the AIA rialheritageatrisk on the site and read about them, partial demolition of an responded with comments on the Whether it is a photo of the you can do so without becoming a unlisted building in a conservation draft, stressing: the importance of mills and chimneys which dominate member of a Flickr Group area still does not require consent, industrial heritage to the UK’s your local landscape, a building you and authorities have different heritage; the knowledge we already Step 7 To join our discussions and think is at risk, the factory where give us your feedback on anything approaches to dealing with this have of the significance of many your parents or grandparents issue, so we are getting developers industrial landscapes, sites and relating to Industrial Heritage just worked, or the converted warehouse go to: ‘demolishing by stealth’. This is buildings as well as the importance in which you now live, you can add aggravated by the bizarre incentive of acting now on what we already http://www.flickr.com/groups/indust a photo and information to the site. rialheritageatrisk whereby building owners can know to be significant and at risk. By doing so you will be helping to remove their roofs to avoid paying Step 8 Click on the tab ‘join this One aspect of the Plan is that EH celebrate this country’s unique business rates/tax. group’ want to work in partnership with legacy of buildings, monuments and Public subsidies to help remove other heritage organisations and as places associated with the Industrial conservation deficits have largely stated above the AIA is one which Revolution. Festival of British disappeared or they have been has been identified as a partner. EH All AIA members are strongly Archaeology severely cut back. Most grants are have recently produced an interim encouraged to take part, so it would for re-use, with not enough focus on version of the Plan responding to be great to share your photos and 16 – 31 July 2011 stopping the rot and mothballing the issues raised in the earlier read the stories behind them, and to Industrial Archaeology is just as buildings till better times. consultation, as well as taking into see you join in the debate about important a branch of British A further big potential new account EH’s new funding how much of our industrial heritage Archaeology as any other. Here is a problem created by the Budget (as arrangements from the should be saved and how. great opportunity for local societies well-intentioned support for the Government. This Interim Version is “What’s your favourite to promote their work by joining in Construction industry)and an now being considered by AIA’s industrial heritage building or site?” the only annual UK-wide celebration example of ‘the law of unintended Council and we will be responding. This topic will be one of many to of archaeology! consequences’, is that new If any members would like to read kick off this Flickr Group. The Festival of British residential property is zero rated for this version of the Plan it can be To take part, access the photos Archaeology exists to give everyone VAT whereas conversions carry VAT found on the English Heritage and share your own photos and opportunities to find out more at 20% - so better to demolish than website at http://www.english- stories you must first create a Flickr about their past by taking part in convert! heritage.org.uk/professional/protect account (if you already have a Flickr specially organised events during These issues relate to the ion/national-heritage-protection- account, please go to Step 7): the Festival fortnight and we hope planning legislation that will be plan. Step 1 Go to http://www.flickr.com that you can join in by organising an going through Parliament and also Tony Crosby event! link to the Localism Bill. The issues Step 2 Click on ‘Create Your ccount’ Festival events can cover have not been covered by the Industrial Heritage at Step 3 If you do not have either a whatever period, topic, or theme consultation on the National Risk – Join the Flickr Yahoo account, a Google account or that you feel is appropriate and can Heritage Protection Plan. Write to a Facebook ID, you will need to be held wherever you’d like. And it’s your MP as the best way forward Group create a Yahoo account. To do this FREE to take part! Holding an event until there is some consultation on Each year English Heritage (EH) click on ‘Create New Account’ during this special fortnight the proposed planning legislation. produces a Heritage at Risk report If you already have a Yahoo, Google presents an excellent opportunity and the focus of the project for 2011 or Facebook account click on ‘Sign for you to promote your work, is Industrial Heritage at Risk (IHAR) In’ and follow the instructions engage with your local communities
10 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 LETTERS Lincoln Castle each steamer pulled in and I was pleased to read Robert Carr The Oldest Society The article about the destruction of unloaded, I would nip down to the (IA News 156) refer to the recent On page 2 of IA News 155, Rodney the Lincoln Castle shocked me. It is toilet and then make a quick dash to scrapping of the PS Lincoln Castle as Hall refers to “...the Trevithick very unusual these days for the tea bar for a very necessary “horrid news”. Living where I do, Society, the oldest industrial someone to destroy such cuppa before dashing back to take I’ve been able to follow the whole conservation society in the country, irreplaceable valuable relicts of the my Humber water sample. Never to sorry saga and I’m afraid that the formed in 1935...”. country’s history and although I am be forgotten. Trips to the shops in Paddle Steamer Preservation Society The South Yorkshire Industrial sure the owner is entitled to do Hull were also memorable, not least (PSPS) cannot escape criticism. They History Society was founded in 1933 what he or she likes with their when, now and again, the ship got a were given the opportunity to as the Society for the Preservation of property, it is a strange and almost bit stuck on a newly formed purchase the historic vessel, but Old Sheffield Tools and Machinery. vindictive action I would allege. sandbank in the middle of the declined on the grounds that it We are, as far as we know, the The Lincoln Castle and her sister estuary. would affect their commitment to oldest society anywhere for ship the Tattershall Castle, now Just before I retired from my last the existing ships they already own. industrial history and industrial moored along the Thames job based in London in the 1990s, I However, one of these isn’t a preservation in a local area. While Embankment, were part of my own had told my two close colleagues of paddle-steamer at all but the motor- we were not set up to save a specific early working history and I shall these experiences one day when powered ship Balmoral. Moreover, building, building preservation was always have fond memories of them. walking past the Tattershall Castle. money to restore the Lincoln Castle discussed from an early stage (not As the first biologist and pollution To my great surprise and pleasure, wouldn’t have come from existing least to provide a home for the tools inspector with the Lincolnshire River on my last day, they escorted me to funds, but from sources such as the and machinery). We played an Board from 1961-1965, it was part lunch on the ship, then a restaurant, National Lottery through whose important part, before and after the of my duties to spend two days a a very, very nostalgic experience. It largesse multi-millions were Second World War, in saving month sampling the water of the took me back over 30 years as I obtained to renovate the PS Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet and Humber for pollution. Each sampling wandered around the decks. Waverley. So, all in all, a wasted Shepherd Wheel; and we now own period lasted 13 hours over a half- I will never understand the opportunity. Wortley Top Forge and three other tide cycle with one day on the reason for the destruction of the Tim Mickleburgh, Hon Vice sites. Killingholme Oil jetty, the other on Lincoln Castle. These things are such President, National Piers Society Derek Bayliss the New Holland Ferry Terminal. part of our history that the mentality 11 Boulevard Avenue, Grimsby, Both could be pretty lonely and cold of the action is beyond me. I am sure DN31 2JP with little shelter. The paddle that many of your readers feel the steamers arriving at New Holland same. were a welcome sight. As Professor Terry Langford Milford-on-Sea Hampshire NEWS Great Yarmouth Jetty local authority didn’t have the Jetty. Andrew Fakes, President of the which opened only six years English heritage are considering £300,000 it was estimated cost of Yarmouth Archaeological and Local afterwards. This jetty featured in listing ‘Nelson’s Jetty’ originally refurbishment. History Society, was quoted as paintings by JWM Turner, John built in 1560. This may save it from Ten days later though, the same saying that the jetty “represents a Constable and Joseph Stannard, and demolition . newspaper carried the story that link to a very valuable aspect of was itself reputedly landed on by demolition was being put on hold. Yarmouth’s past. Its potential for the Duke of Wellington. The receding On January 19 this year the Eastern English Heritage were to come to tourism has never really been of the sea caused it to be extended Daily Press reported that the Great Yarmouth on February 8/9 to tapped and once it is gone, it is in 1846 and 1870. previous night’s meeting of the look at the jetty and see if it merited gone”. Alas, the East Coast Floods of Great Yarmouth Borough Council’s listed status. It was expected their Also against demolition have 1953 hit the jetty hard but a Development Control Committee report would take up to three been members of the National Piers replacement jetty was constructed had voted 7-2 in favour of months, the structure being Society. For the original jetty, by the Dutch that same year. It is the demolishing Great Yarmouth’s reprieved at least until then. according to the October 1981 series of rebuilds over the years that historic seafront jetty. It had been Local historians had previously edition of the Guinness Book of has lessened the structure’s closed for over two years and the mounted a campaign to save the Records, dates back to 1560. This importance in some eyes. However, would make it the oldest structure another historian, Michael Boon, of its type in the country. It was called for a thorough archaeological rebuilt in 1701 and 1767 after excavation ahead of any demolition suffering sea damage, almost being in order to ensure that nothing of swept away in 1791 during a freak great age was pulled down. high tide. If the 245ft timber structure is Locals called it ‘Nelson’s Jetty’ demolished, the 100ft concrete after the famous Admiral landed promontory will remain. What’s here both before and after the more, a condition of any planning Battle of Copenhagen (June 1801) approval is that a scheme goes from which he emerged victorious. ahead for a monument and Another battering took place in interpretation panels to mark the 1805, after which £5000 was spent jetty’s site. on a new piled structure, Tim Mickleburgh, Hon Vice constructed in 1808. This date ties in President, National Piers Society. nicely with the first proper seaside Great Yarmouth Pier pier, Ryde on the Isle of Wight,
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —11 NEWS The British Archaeology likely to involve 20th century Academy as the CBA has much to transport. archaeology, including coal-fired offer, especially in maximising the Robert Carr Awards and nuclear power stations, has impact of the academic research Awards are a welcome recognition been approved by the Charity which the British Academy supports Twentieth Century for the hard work of many people, in Commissioners. The BAA would use for the humanities and social many cases done with little or no ISO 14001 which most large sciences.’ Buildings at Risk material benefit. businesses are already familiar with. CBA trustees met to consider Buildings in cities dating from the The annual general meeting of With the increasing focus on the financial position of the charity nineteen sixties and seventies were the British Archaeology Awards was environmental impact and in January. The decision was taken to designed at a time when it was held at the British Academy in sustainable business practice, make some early adjustments to the expected that electricity would be London on Wednesday 2nd March standard environmental manage- broad programme of work which cheap and are presently considered this year. It had been intended that ment systems such as ISO 14001 the CBA had planned for the coming to be environmentally undesirable the BAA were to take place annually (the International Standard for years, and to focus more effort in because of their lack of thermal (see I A News 156 page 13) but environmental management) are the short-term on developing a insulation. Newcastle City Centre, owing to the present financial becoming widely used. Organis- sustainable financial platform with Aylesbury and Slough are areas situation the BAA Trustees have ations familiar with this system will an expanded membership of the where demolition may be imminent. decided to commence the annual find similarities with the CBA and its Young Archaeologists’ However, ‘brutalist’ concrete presentations from 2012, rather management process of the BAA Club. The CBA is grateful for the buildings are considered than this year. Heritage Benchmark which will set extra financial support from the environmentally friendly as the If the BAA do take place every out detailed requirements for British Academy for the great mass of concrete used in their year, from 2012 there will be two organisations to achieve. The restructuring programme which will construction provides insulation awards ceremonies each year as, in proposed Heritage Benchmark is allow us to maximise the efficiency from cold in winter and heat in addition to the BAA, there are now similar to a Kitemark and of our back office systems and summer. Listed buildings of any age the Archaeology Awards, funded by complements existing environ- provide a wider range of payment are likely to remain exempt from the periodical Current Archaeology. mental management systems and is options to members in the coming carbon emission targets. The five Archaeology Awards for compatible with them. However, it months. We are also working with Robert Carr 2011 were presented at the British has a single minded focus on the external consultants to improve the Museum on Sunday 27th February management of land for the benefit communication of our membership Swansea Copper Day as part of Current Archaeology Live. of archaeology, people and the offer and the wide-ranging work Anyone doubting the wide public One of them, the Research Project of participating organisations that we will continue to undertake appeal of industrial heritage should the Year, had five entries including themselves. in the coming years. have come to Copper Day in ‘Manchester’s Industrial Archae- Robert Carr The CBA’s new five-year Swansea on Saturday 5 March 2011. ology’. Apart from the Jeffrey May strategy for Making Archaeology The day was organised by the team Award, you could vote for the Council for British Matter
12 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 NEWS DOROTHEA RESTORATIONS LTD Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex
CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, MACHINERY AND WIND/WATER MILLS
Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric Copper Day – 5 March 2011 Photo: Tom Goskar railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of ations demonstrate the great heritage-led regeneration of these 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert appetite for heritage-led change in sites of international significance. Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on Swansea and will be an inspiration There is a long way to go but we Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even to other post-industrial regions that hope that the project will raise much the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! have for too long been ambivalent needed awareness amongst people about their history. We heard reports in politics, business, culture, of visitors coming to Swansea from heritage, education and beyond of Over 100 man years experience as far afield as Derbyshire, the importance of the heritage in Birmingham and Weymouth. This is copper in Wales, and more Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, astonishing for an event that was importantly, the connections it has Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson organised with very little time and with other industrial regions in Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 734521 only the power of word of mouth Cornwall/West Devon, Anglesey, and the internet to make people Ireland, South Australia, South Southern Works: Unit 1B, Barton Hill Trading Estate, aware of it. Africa, Chile, Cuba and beyond with Barton Hill, Bristol BS5 9RD. Contact: Geoff Wallis Swansea Council and Swansea similarly rich copper histories.’ Tel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677 University have signed an Dr Tehmina Goskar agreement to work together to give a future to the endangered New Kent IA Committee on account of its outstanding copperworks sites still left in the Upgrade for Charles The Kent Archaeological Society has architectural interest. Designed by lower Swansea valley, particularly set up a new committee to cover Holden Charles Holden, the site at 55 those around the Hafod Works. The industrial archaeology in the St James’s Park Tube Station and the Broadway, Westminster, was story is covered on the BBC site: Historic County of Kent with Jim London Underground Headquarters London’s tallest office building http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk- Preston as chairman and Mike above it have had its listing status when it opened in 1929. wales-south-west-wales-12241228 Clinch secretary. To launch the new upgraded from Grade II to Grade I Dr Tehmina Goskar, MA AMA organisation an afternoon said ‘Prof. Huw Bowen with whom I conference was held on 19th am working on the Economic and February 2011 at Harrietsham with Social Research Council, Global and three excellent lectures from the Local Worlds of Welsh Copper, Leigh Historical Society, WIRE and project is leading efforts for a KURG. To contact the Kent Archaeological Society Industrial Archaeological Committee e-mail the secretary at [email protected] Robert Carr
Whitecliff Iron Furnace The Heritage Lottery Fund has given a £65,000 grant to help restore Whitecliff Furnace near Coleford in Gloucestershire, which played a major part in the development of Britain’s iron and steel industry. Whitecliff Furnace dates back to 1795 and is the only coke fuelled blast furnace left in the Forest of Aerial view of Yorkshire Imperial Metal Dean. works, Landore http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk- Photo: City and County of Swansea england-gloucestershire-12648066 Swansea Museum Charles Holden’s 55 Broadway
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —13 REGIONAL NEWS West Midlands How gratifying it was, therefore, Birmingham Canal, thereby creating terminus of the Severn Valley to return to Droitwich almost 38 a very attractive cruising “ring” for Railway, plus adjacent One dark Friday evening in October years later and find the Droitwich boaters, and hopefully bringing new Kidderminster Railway Museum 1973, your West Midlands regional Barge Canal totally transformed. income and visitors to the town of (with a fine cafe and bookshop, reporter set off from Bristol up the Thanks to renewed efforts in the Droitwich. which are well worth a visit if you M5 with a crowd of colleagues from past few years, it is now full of Also in Worcestershire, the haven’t been there) and one or two the Kennet & Avon Canal Trust to water, a brand new tunnel nearby town of Kidderminster good examples of adaptive re-use at take part in the great “Droitwich underneath the Worcester to welcomed the news that the the Weavers Wharf retail Dig”. We joined forces with Kidderminster road has been built at Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) has development. Debenham’s Desire, hundreds of other volunteers from Hawford to re-establish the announced a £2m grant towards a opened in 2009 in the refurbished all over the country to start work on connection with the River Severn, new Carpet Museum in the grade II listed Slingfield Mill (see clearing the Ladywood Locks on the locks have been restored, and the attractive Stour Vale Mill. Wm. picture) compares with the best, totally derelict Droitwich Barge canal is to be officially opened in a Morrison’s Supermarkets plc have though whether the adjacent Canal. In retrospect, apart from few months time. This should give restored the exterior of the building Frankie and Benny’s have to pay for giving a tremendous boost to sales heart to many other long-term as part of a new store, and the the upkeep of the chimney from at local public houses and fish & projects of all descriptions Carpet Museum will now be able to their profits is not known! This chip shops, it is debatable whether throughout the country which look restore the interior to house their development has also brought the weekend achieved very much, at times as though they will “never substantial collection of machinery, improvements to the adjacent canal other than short-term publicity for happen”. Congratulations should go artefacts, photographs and archives. towpath, which is now well-used the emergent Waterway Recovery to all members of the Droitwich This will be a welcome boost for and much more visitor friendly than Group (WRG), and to a lesser extent Canals Restoration Partnership, and Kidderminster, which for too long before. for the two Droitwich canals. we look forward to the eventual was known (and cursed) by many Formerly in Worcestershire, but Interest soon faded, however, and restoration of the Droitwich purely for its annoying and now in the West Midlands, Dudley is, they returned once again to a Junction Canal which will join the frequently congested ring road. It of course, home to the well-known prolonged period of deep sleep. Barge Canal to the Worcester & now has the splendid southern Black Country Living Museum. If you
The Droitwich Barge Canal looking towards Netherwich Tunnel, which is now lit for Slingfield Mill, a former carpet factory in Kidderminster, now tastefully converted into a pedestrians. The signalbox indicates a surviving enclave of semaphore signalling Debenham’s Desire store at Weavers Wharf Photo: John Powell Photo: John Powell
Superb reconstruction of buildings from Oldbury at the Black Country Living Museum in The Bridgnorth Cliff Railway. A snip for any industrial archaeologist at £700,000 Dudley Photo: John Powell Photo: John Powell
14 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 REGIONAL NEWS haven’t been there in recent years, a During road resurfacing work on return visit will be well worth the Grove Road, Wantage, some experience. In 2010 they opened tramway track was exposed where their impressive re-erected Oldbury the route swung across the road to Buildings, which were dismantled gain access to the Wantage Station and brought to the museum from and the goods yards. the nearby town of that name. They The St Albans South Signal Box have been restored and refurbished Project (Herts) on the former in 1930s style, and consist of a radio Midland main line out of St Pancras dealership and workshop, a has won the prestigious Inversys tobacconist, a motorcycle Rail Signalling Award (Structures) as showroom with repair shop and an part of the 2010 National Heritage interiors decorator’s. Kitchens, back Railway Awards. Also an NHRA yards and living quarters have also winner was the project by developer been restored in fine period detail, Places for People to provide an and will bring back memories of imaginative housing scheme within many similar premises which the former Wolverton railway works survived well into the 1950s and buildings (Milton Keynes), where 1960s, or even later, virtually rolling stock was maintained from unchanged. London and North Western days Finally, if you’ve got a few onwards. In this case it was the Ian hundred thousand quid to spare Allan Publishing Award. during this recession you might like Some mill news from to consider putting in a late bid for Oxfordshire - Combe Mill, on the the Bridgnorth Cliff Railway in Blenheim Estate, has now restored Shropshire, which was recently put its water wheel to operation. up for sale. Fortunately, its future is During 2010 the Georgian Group not in any kind of doubt – it’s just gave an Architectural Award for the that the current owners wish to restoration of Dandridge’s Mill, West relinquish ownership on their Hanney, near Wantage, which retirement. It comes with listed includes the installation of a new buildings at top and bottom, plus Archimedean screw hydro-electric living accommodation, and provides turbine. The building, originally a silk employment for more than a dozen mill, dates from the 1820s, and has local people. Bids in excess of now been converted into housing £700,000 should be sent to Knight units. A similar fate awaits the staff, and those in Local Planning following advice from the BHS, the Frank of Birmingham by 3rd June! ruined former Osney corn mill in Authorities, about the importance of brewing vessels and fixed John Powell West Oxford, which is being the surviving resource in their areas, equipment were included in the converted into riverside flats. the desirability of conserving, as far listing details, but, sad to relate, they Home Counties The completion of the English as possible, what remains and how were recently stolen by burglars Lockinge Estate, near Wantage Heritage/Brewery History Society to respond to proposals for over a weekend - the scrap value of (Oxon) has played an important part survey of the surviving brewing demolition or conversion. One of the copper vessels being very high at in regional agricultural industry buildings was marked with finest surviving buildings is the present. Another interesting development, starting under Lord a conference at Burton-on-Trent on Grade 2 listed McMullen’s brewery site, albeit much smaller Wantage in the later 19th century. March 12th. The survey results will brewhouse at Hertford where than McMullens, which ceased Each year the Wardingley family run be used to inform English Heritage brewing ceased in 2003. In this case, brewing in the 1920s, is that of an exhibition locally to illustrate some aspect of the Estate’s past. This year the theme was the part that horses had played in the Estate’s development. Lord Wantage was a nationally renowned breeder of shire horses and details of his famous sires and dams were featured. Racehorse breeding and training is big business in western Berkshire and south west Oxfordshire, and Henrietta Knight’s premises at West Lockinge Farm was the home of the famous “Best Mate”, a statue of whom is now on display nearby. One of Lord Wantage’s projects, the Wantage Tramway which linked the town of Wantage with Wantage Road Station on the Great Western main Exposed tramway track in Wantage Tring Brewery Gateway Photo: George Crutcher line, also found fame in March 2011. Photo: Henry Gunston
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —15 REGIONAL NEWS
Browns of Tring (Herts). The unaltered until the late 1980s when The decline and disappearance based on the timber resource of the surviving buildings (Grade 2 listed most of the equipment was of most of the chalk working and Chiltern beech woods. Large and and within a Conservation Area) are removed including a cold liquor tank processing industries in the small workshops and factories in a small cobbled yard, accessed and the copper and furnace. Chilterns has stimulated interest in abounded in the area, cheek by jowl from the High Street through an Nevertheless what remains is a fine recording the experiences of those with 19th and early 20th century archway, and are currently used by a example of a small C19th market who worked in them. The Chalk East housing, and this pattern of print company. They were virtually town brewery. project which commenced in 2009 development is still dominant. A has been followed by the number of the workshops and “Livelihoods from Chalk” factories have been demolished and programme being progressed by the many of those which survive are Oxford Geology Trust and the disused and derelict. The Council’s Chilterns Conservation Board. appraisal - stimulated by the However the physical remains of the findings of an MSc dissertation by industries are now hard to find - but Marian Miller - seeks to identify the some archaeology has become scope for securing the conservation visible this winter as the very cold of the surviving buildings and for weather took its toll on the designating parts of the Desborough encroaching vegetation. Two district as a Conservation Area. Only examples of this are the remains of two of the buildings are currently an early 20th century lime kiln at protected - the small Grade II Brush Ivinghoe Aston (Bucks) and what and Cane Works on Victoria St - and appears to be part of the base of a the locally listed ex-Ruskin Works kiln on the site of Forder’s off Oakridge Road on the banks of limeworks at Sewell (Beds). There is the R. Wye. One area of concern is no access to the Ivinghoe Aston kiln, the Leigh St area where there is a although it can be seen from the large group of early19th century public highway. The Forder’s site is furniture factories including the 4 Frogmore Mill Photo: George Crutcher accessible and the remains can be storey W Birch works of 1926. This closely viewed. building was in use until 2003 but is Following the recent demolition disused and deteriorating. It is this of most of the Nash Paper Mills area which is a candidate for complex at Apsley, near Hemel Conservation Area designation by Hempstead (Herts) (see “IA Review” the Council. (See ‘Grants’ page 9). May 2010) Frogmore Mill a little way upstream, is now the sole Thanks to George Crutcher for a survivor of the series of paper mills major contribution to this regional on the River Gade - a water course report and to Graham Hicks for long associated with paper making advice of the exposed tramway and which provided the power for track in Wantage. the industrial revolution of paper Henry Gunston manufacture in the early 19th century. Frogmore Mill itself was the Scotland place where the first continuous There has been a lot happening in paper making machine - designed Scotland in 2010. The Scottish and patented in France but never Transport and Industrial Collections built there - was installed at Knowledge network (STICK) third Fourdrinier continuous paper making machine Photo: The Paper Trail Frogmore in 1803 by the Fourdrinier annual conference on the brothers, stationers of London, who sustainability of the industrial had purchased the rights. The Mill is heritage provision in Scotland took part of the “Paper Trail” and paper is place at Kelvingrove Museum in still manufactured there. It also Glasgow in October 2010. STICK’s houses the only surviving ‘Old Tools New Uses’ project was “Fourdrinier” machine. This was formally launched by Scottish brought to the mill in 1906 from Minister for Culture and External another manufacturer. It was in Affairs, Fiona Hyslop, at The National operation until recently - powered Piping Centre, Glasgow on 9 June by steam - but is currently out of 2010. For an unpdate on this project use. Frogmore Mill is open to the go to: public and the Fourdrinier machine, http://www.stickssn.org/site/pages/ together with many other items of projects.php. interest can be seen there. The Shale Oil Museum at Wycombe District Council Almond Valley Heritage Society has (Bucks) has recently commenced an received museum recognition appraisal of the Desborough area of status. The Scottish Mining Museum High Wycombe. This part of the (SMM) received £130,000 grant town became a centre of chair towards work on the picking tables W. Birch Works, Desborough, High Wycombe Photo: George Crutcher making and furniture manufacture, and tippling floor and fines
16 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 REGIONAL NEWS
Birkhill Fireclay Mine, Kinneil, Falkirk Council Area. Interior view of ‘New’ Pan House Clocktower Warehouse, Dundee converted to flats: first floor view prior to conversion Photo: © RCAHMS SC1082490 Photo: © RCAHMS SC1047298 treatment plant. Northern Bridge, Broughty Ferry, Dundee is Highland (steel through truss West Ward Mill (1806, replaced Lighthouse Heritage Trust has been undergoing consideration for bridge). 1959-60), incorporates a weaving set up by Northern Lighthouse restoration/conservation (cast and In Dundee, the Saltire Housing shed (1877), a well, the course of Board to help preserve and conserve wrought arch); Stanley Mills in Award 2010 went to the Clocktower the Scouringburn and some early some items acquired by the Perthshire won a Sandford Award Warehouse conversion to housing 19th century warehouses. Commissioners of Northern for Heritage Education in its first (Category A listed). West Ward The Bell Rock Bi-centenary Lighthouses but no longer needed year of opening as a visitor Printing Works, Dundee is to be programme of events is well to support their statutory role, see attraction; Johnstone Mill, closed by DC Thomson and offers underway with a programme of http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/ Renfrewshire suffered a third fire in potential for development as an related events under the branding edinburgh_and_east/8457817.stm. 2010, destroying the Old End (1787) archive alongside the adjacent ‘Year of the Light’. The Shining On to site news: Bona and the later spinning mill; repairs Verdant Works (visitor attraction of Lights exhibition opened in October Lighthouse inland beacon at the are underway to Keig Bridge, Alford, the Dundee Jute industry). On the 2010 at the Museum of Scotland, north end of Loch Ness, Caledonian Aberdeenshire (Telford 1817 stone site of Dundee’s first flax spinning Chambers Street, Edinburgh, along Canal, Invernesshire, is being arch) and to Invergarry Footbridge, mill (1793, later a flour mill), Bell or with the publication of a companion renovated and is expected to be ready to let by 2012. The conversion project is a partnership deal REGIONAL CORRESPONDENTS between British Waterways Scotland (BWS) and the Hereford-based Vivat Please support your Regional Correspondent by sending relevant material which may be of interest to our readers. Trust; Catrine Weir, Ayrshire Region 1: SCOTLAND Region 6: WALES Region 11: HOME COUNTIES (remnants of the now demolished Miriam McDonald, Secretary, SIAP, c/o Pat Frost, Castlering Archaeology, 33 Oxfordshire, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, 18th century Catrine Mill) has been Survey and Recording Section: Stallion Lane, Pontesbury, Shrewsbury, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire granted £300,000 to consolidate the Architecture, Industry and Maritime, Shropshire SY5 0PN Henry Gunston, 6 Clement Close, weir and other structures, and will RCAHMS, John Sinclair House, 16 Region 7: WEST MIDLANDS Wantage, Oxfordshire OX12 7ED contribute to the overall project Bernard Terrace, Edinburgh EH8 9NX Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Region 12: SOUTH EAST which will have heritage, nature, Region 2: IRELAND Midlands, Warwickshire, Hereford and ENGLAND education and hydro-electric power Fred Hamond, 75 Ocksley Park, Belfast Worcester Hampshire and Isle of Wight, Surrey, elements; James Watt Dock Sugar BT10 0AS John Powell, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Sussex and Kent Sheds (1888) in Greenock, Region 3: NORTHERN ENGLAND Trust, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Alan Thomas, 6 Birches Close, Epsom, Inverclyde, is being considered for a Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Telford TF8 7DQ Surrey KT18 5JG. Email: a.h.thomas@ conversion scheme which is at pre- Wear, Durham and Cleveland Region 8: EAST MIDLANDS btinternet.com consultation stage; Alexander’s Mill/ Graham Brooks, Coomara, Carleton, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Region 13: WEST OF ENGLAND Great Eastern Hotel, Duke Street, Carlisle, Cumbria CA4 0BU Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Somerset, Avon, Gloucestershire, Glasgow (1849 mass concrete floors Region 4: YORKSHIRE Northamptonshire Wiltshire and Dorset on iron frame) conversion to North, South and West Yorkshire and David Lyne, 10 Somerville Road, Vacant housing is complete; Knockando Humberside Leicester LE3 2ET Region 14: SOUTH WEST Mill, Moray (with its wool textile Derek Bayliss, 30 Muskoka Avenue, Region 9: EAST ANGLIA ENGLAND machinery) conservation work has Bents Green, Sheffield S11 7RL Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk and Devon and Cornwall now started; Johnnie Walker Region 5: NORTH WEST Essex Graham Thorne, 11 Heriot Way, Great Warehouse, Kilmarnock, and ENGLAND David Alderton, 48 Quay Street, Totham, Maldon, Essex CM9 8BW Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 8EY Halley’s Hackleworks, Dundee, are Lancashire, Merseyside, Greater both having a new lease of life as Manchester and Cheshire Region 10: GREATER LONDON they are converted to North Ayrshire Vacant Dr R. J. M. Carr, 127 Queen’s Drive, Council and Dundee City Council London N4 2BB offices respectively; Linlathan East
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —17 REGIONAL NEWS
Games in 2014. Much of this review work is concentrated in Bridgeton and includes several important industrial sites. A thematic study of Hydro Electric Power in Scotland by Historic Scotland has looked at 350 related sites and structures nationwide. A conference in Perth in June 2010 with the sector looked at its development and archive resources. The clipper Carrick, or City of Adelaide, (1864, world’s oldest surviving composite constructed clipper ship, built in Sunderland) which currently sits on a slip at the Scottish Maritime Museum, Irvine, Ayrshire, has received a visit by two members of the group spearheading the campaign to take her to Australia. The City of Adelaide carried immigrants to Australia. Scotland will host the AIA annual Bell Rock Lighthouse details © RCAHMS conference in Dundee in 2013, theme ‘Tayside and Deeside’. The volume entitled ‘Northern Lights’. at Irvine. Birkhill Fireclay Mine (council cut backs), its owner and Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Fraserburgh and Arbroath (1916, extended 1930s, closed operator Falkirk Council is will act as host along with local Lighthouse museums are also 1981), Falkirk (currently being considering the options. The site organisations and will include a hosting events along with local area recorded by the Royal Commission possesses most of its process programme of visits. celebrations. on the Ancient and Historical machinery and is a unique survival Miriam McDonald ‘Clydebuilt’ at Braehead, Monuments of Scotland), is one of of a once prolific industry. Secretary, Scottish Industrial Glasgow closed in October 2010. only two sites in Scotland to provide Historic Scotland is currently Archaeology Panel The complex is being sold and the an underground mining experience surveying parts of Glasgow’s East fittings from ‘Clydebuilt’ are being for its visitors. In a parlous state End which encompass the site for removed to the Maritime Museum physically, as well as financially the forthcoming Commonwealth
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All prices are for surface mailing. A discount is available to booksellers on all AIA publications. Cheques should be made payable to the Association for Industrial Archaeology and sent with orders to: Roger Ford, AIA Sales Officer, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AF The AIA accepts payments by the following credit cards: ACCESS VISA MASTERCARD Please write for sales slip
18 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 PUBLICATIONS Local Society and other periodicals received documents and photographs (47 in colour). The author stresses the indispensability of limestone since at least Roman times, for building, Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review. mortar, agriculture and a host of other uses. Developments and the technology of pre-industrial and industrial limekilns are traced from small Brewery History, 139, 2011 clamp kilns and rural kilns to large commercial Hoffman and Spencer kilns. Brewery History Society Newsletter, 51, Christmas 2010; 52, Spring There are case studies of lime works, for example at Ingleton, the Craven 2011 Lime Co., John Delaney Ltd at Horton, P.W. Spencer Ltd at Giggleswick, and a miscellany of other interesting quarries and lime works in the region. A Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 132, Spring 2011 final section covers working conditions, stone getting, blasting, haulage and Cumbria Industrial History Society Bulletin, 78, December 2010 quarry plant. The book is fully indexed and has an extensive list of further Hampshire and Dorset Industrial Archaeology Society Bulletin, 29, reading. David Johnson is the leading authority on the limestone industry in January 2011 the Yorkshire Dales and the book is essential reading for anyone interested in the industrial archaeology of this region, and indeed in the lime industry Industrial Archaeology Society Focus on Industrial Archaeology, 75, anywhere. December 2010 Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter, 92, Spring, 2011 Cornish Mines: St Just to Redruth, by Barry Gamble, Alison Hodge Historic Gas Times, 65, December,2010, 66, March, 2011 Publishers, 2011. 103pp, 131 illus. ISBN 13 978-0-906720-81-3. £5.95. Industrial History Society, 7, 2010 Cornish Mines: Gwennap to the Tamar, by Barry Gamble, Alison Hodge Publishers, 2011. 111pp, 138 illus. ISBN 13 978-0-906720-82-0. £5.95. Industrial Heritage Vol 35, No 2, 2010 These two handsomely illustrated books are in the publisher’s Pocket Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 252 Cornwall series, the first covering the west of the county and the second the Industrial Heritage Association of Ireland Newsletter, 35, December east. They should be bought together as they are a recent record of many of 2010; 36, March 2011 the county’s best mining sites, photographed in the years since the World Manchester Region Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 134, Heritage Mining Landscape inscription in 2006. Despite their small pocket November 2010; 135, February 2011 size, the books pack in a wealth of material and jointly cover ten districts and over 100 tin and copper mine sites with their engine houses and Merseyside Industrial Heritage Society Newsletter, 304, January; 305, dressing floors. The author’s high quality colour photographs are enhanced February; 306, March; 307, April, 2011 by several of his oblique-angled aerial views which give a wonderful new Midland Wind and Watermills Group Newsletter, 98, December 2010 way of seeing even the better known sites; they are dramatic and Piers: the Journal of the National Piers Society, 98, Winter 2010 impressive. These are found across the peninsula from Botallack and Levant Scottish Industrial Heritage Society Bulletin, 58, March 2011 and their neighbouring mines around St Just to the mineralised cliffs at Cligga Head near St Agnes, the Caradon mines and the Tamar valley’s many Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire Industrial Archaeology fascinating remains in the east. Notes are given on the history of each mine Society, 93, March 2011 and there are extended captions describing the photographs. Each book Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 115, December ends with an illustrated glossary of mining terms. 2010 Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 112, February Dynasty of Engineers, The Stevensons and Bell Rock, By Roland Paxton, 2011 Whittles Publishing.182pp inc 32pp colour ISBN 978-0-9567209-0-0. £20 Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 179, November 2010; The world’s oldest continuously operational rock lighthouse sits on the 180, March 2011 Bell Rock eleven miles off Arbroath on the east coast of Scotland. Its bicentenary is marked by this volume. In addition to providing biographies Sussex Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 149, January 2011 of the eight members of the Stevenson family who, over five generations Sussex Mills Group Newsletter, 146, January 2011 from 1786 to 1952, contributed significantly to the nation’s infrastructure Trevithick Society Journal, 37, 2010 and international lighthouse engineering, the book also sheds new light on the design and erection of the lighthouse and the work of its engineers. Trevithick Society Newsletter, 150, December 2010 Triple News: Newsletter of the Kempton Great Engines Society, 40, The Mawdsley Story 1907 to 2010, by L. H. Jones, The Woodcock Press, Winter 2010/11 ISBN 978-09542334-1-9. £15 The Vision: Newsletter of the Friends of Newport Transporter The Mawdsley Factory at Dursley was demolished in 2000. The Bridge, 2/10, Winter 2010 industrial archaeologist will find the Mawdsley Story typical of the changes WaterWords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford, Winter experienced by many in other industries as wars and new technology, social 2010-11 changes and global economics affected their lives through the 20th century. Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History Section Newsletter, 81, Early Spring 2011 THE BOOK HOUSE Books The leading industrial archaeology booksellers since 1963 – books on all Limestone Industries of the Yorkshire Dales, by David Johnson, aspects of technology & transport Amberley Publishing, 2010. 283pp, 183 illus. ISBN 978-1-4456-0060-4. £18.99. LISTS ISSUED – FREE SEARCH SERVICE This is the second edition and a much enlarged version of the author’s first book on the subject published in 2002. It results from more extensive The Book House, Grand Prix Buildings, Brough, documentary research and wide-ranging fieldwork as well as archaeological Kirkby Stephen CA17 4AY excavations at early modern limekiln sites. It incorporates up to date research and many illustrations not in the first edition including plans, Tel: 01768 342748 www.thebookhouse.co.uk
INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —157 —19 DIARY
21 MAY 2011 annual conference of the National Archaeology Group. Details from covering canals, the Cold War, mills EMIAC 81: THE IMPACT OF Association of Mining History Jane Waterfield, 6 Bakers Lane, and railways. Further details LEAD MINING ON THE PEAK Organisations, hosted by Shropshire Norton, Daventry, NN11 2EL available from DISTRICT LANDSCAPE Caving & Mining Club and (including sae) or email [email protected] or at Matlock Bath, hosted by the Peak Shropshire Mines Trust Ltd. More [email protected] the Bookings Secretary, Wiltshire District Mines Historical Society. The information from Heritage Museum, 41 Long Street, 29 OCTOBER 2011 conference explores the impact of www.namhoconference.org.uk Devizes, SN10 1NS lead mining on the Peak District R&CHS CLINKER LECTURE; landscape both underground and on 26 AUGUST TO SIR WILLIAM CUBITT (1785- 14 – 16 DECEMBER 2011 1861) the surface, with talks on the 1 SEPTEMBER RAILWAYS AND SPEED at the Birmingham & Midland archaeology of mining, drainage AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE International conference. Two at Cork, Ireland. The association’s Institute, Birmingham, commencing and the challenges of filming centuries of speed on the railways, conference this year is being at 2.15pm. No booking necessary. underground, followed by site visits. thirty years of high-speed trains. directed by Colin Rynne, a former The Railway & Canal Historical For details and booking form, go to International Union of Railways, 9, Rolt lecturer and winner of the first Society’s annual Clinker Lecture is www.niag.org.uk/emiac.html rue du Château-Landon, F-75010 Peter Neaverson award, and will be given this year by Peter Brown. Sir Paris www.ahicf.com 27 MAY 2011 based at University College, Cork. William Cubitt, who died in October SAFETY AND ACONOMY IN Programme of lectures and visits to 150 years ago, had an unusually Information for the diary THE OPERATION OF LARGE large sites of major industrial varied career: windmills engineer, should be sent directly to the HISTORIC MACHINES interest. See AIA website for details. consultant to an ironworks, inventor Editor as soon as it is available. At Kew Bridge Steam Museum, of the prison treadwheel, gas works 5-8 SEPTEMBER 2011 Brentford this seminar will review manager, then a civil engineer More Diary Dates can be found RUSTBUCKETS OR FLOATING the problems and risks in operating advising on water supplies, docks, on the AIA website at HERITAGE large machines, mainly steam navigable waterways and railways. www.industrial-archaeology.org engines, designed in the early 19th International conference on ship century. For details, contact John preservation to be held in Stockholm 1 – 16 NOVEMBER 2011 Porter at the Museum or email: (Sweden) and Mariehamn (Åland, TASMANIA “A DEVIL OF A [email protected] Finland). For details and registration GOOD PLACE TO VISIT” https://www.netigate.se/s.asp?s=46 Various options of tours of industrial 18 JUNE 2011 100X2270 Further information sites on the occasion of the 16th DRAGLINE OPEN DAY [email protected]. Engineering Heritage Australia Friends of St Aidan’s BE1150 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania. 15 OCTOBER 2011 dragline. Swillington Leeds LS26 Contact Paul Saulter, 80 Udimore INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS EMIAC 82 STONED IN 8AL. Details Paul C Thompson 07889 Road, Rye, TN31 7DY or visit (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) 286634 . Also September 10-11. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE – THE ISSN 1354-1455 COUNTY’S QUARRYING AND www.heritageofindustry.co.uk Editor: Chris Barney 29 JULY - 1 AUGUST 2011 MINING INDUSTRIES 5 NOVEMBER 2011 NAMHO 2011 at Cogenhoe Village Hall, Cogenhoe, DEVIZES IA SYMPOSIUM Published by the Association for Industrial at Preston Montford Field Centre, Northampton, hosted by 2011 Archaeology. Contributions should be sent Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, the Northamptonshire Industrial at the Wharf in Devizes. Speakers to the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN. News and press releases may be sent to the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail: [email protected]
Final copy dates are as follows:
1 January for February mailing 1 April for May mailing 1 July for August mailing 1 October for November mailing
The AIA was established in 1973 to promote the study of Industrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication. It aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of Industrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.
The views expressed in this bulletin are Bonawe Furnace (see page xx) Photo: Undiscovered Scotland not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.
20 —© Association for Industrial Archaeology, May 2011 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Produced by TBC Print Services Limited, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 8ST