Proposed Miscellaneous Rule Revisions
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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Water on the Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity
Water on The Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) For centuries some scientists have argued that there is activity on the Moon (or water, as recounted in Parts I & II), while others have thought the Moon is simply a dead, inactive world. [1] The question comes in several forms: is there a detectable atmosphere? Does the surface of the Moon change? What causes interior seismic activity? From a more modern viewpoint, we now know that as much carbon monoxide as water was excavated during the LCROSS impact, as detailed in Part I, and a comparable amount of other volatiles were found. At one time the Moon outgassed prodigious amounts of water and hydrogen in volcanic fire fountains, but released similar amounts of volatile sulfur (or SO2), and presumably large amounts of carbon dioxide or monoxide, if theory is to be believed. So water on the Moon is associated with other gases. Astronomers have agreed for centuries that there is no firm evidence for “weather” on the Moon visible from Earth, and little evidence of thick atmosphere. [2] How would one detect the Moon’s atmosphere from Earth? An obvious means is atmospheric refraction. As you watch the Sun set, its image is displaced by Earth’s atmospheric refraction at the horizon from the position it would have if there were no atmosphere, by roughly 0.6 degree (a bit more than the Sun’s angular diameter). On the Moon, any atmosphere would cause an analogous effect for a star passing behind the Moon during an occultation (multiplied by two since the light travels both into and out of the lunar atmosphere). -
Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c81z4932 Online items available Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Kate Dundon, Alix Norton, Maureen Carey, Christine Turk, Alex Moore University of California, Santa Cruz 2016 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 [email protected] URL: http://guides.library.ucsc.edu/speccoll Lick Observatory Records: UA.036.Ser.07 1 Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Contributing Institution: University of California, Santa Cruz Title: Lick Observatory Records: Photographs Creator: Lick Observatory Identifier/Call Number: UA.036.Ser.07 Physical Description: 101.62 Linear Feet127 boxes Date (inclusive): circa 1870-2002 Language of Material: English . https://n2t.net/ark:/38305/f19c6wg4 Conditions Governing Access Collection is open for research. Conditions Governing Use Property rights for this collection reside with the University of California. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their heirs. The publication or use of any work protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use for research or educational purposes requires written permission from the copyright owner. Responsibility for obtaining permissions, and for any use rests exclusively with the user. Preferred Citation Lick Observatory Records: Photographs. UA36 Ser.7. Special Collections and Archives, University Library, University of California, Santa Cruz. Alternative Format Available Images from this collection are available through UCSC Library Digital Collections. Historical note These photographs were produced or collected by Lick observatory staff and faculty, as well as UCSC Library personnel. Many of the early photographs of the major instruments and Observatory buildings were taken by Henry E. Matthews, who served as secretary to the Lick Trust during the planning and construction of the Observatory. -
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse. -
304 Index Index Index
_full_alt_author_running_head (change var. to _alt_author_rh): 0 _full_alt_articletitle_running_head (change var. to _alt_arttitle_rh): 0 _full_article_language: en 304 Index Index Index Adamson, Robert (1821–1848) 158 Astronomische Gesellschaft 216 Akkasbashi, Reza (1843–1889) viiii, ix, 73, Astrolog 72 75-78, 277 Astronomical unit, the 192-94 Airy, George Biddell (1801–1892) 137, 163, 174 Astrophysics xiv, 7, 41, 57, 118, 119, 139, 144, Albedo 129, 132, 134 199, 216, 219 Aldrin, Edwin Buzz (1930) xii, 244, 245, 248, Atlas Photographique de la Lune x, 15, 126, 251, 261 127, 279 Almagestum Novum viii, 44-46, 274 Autotypes 186 Alpha Particle Spectrometer 263 Alpine mountains of Monte Rosa and BAAS “(British Association for the Advance- the Zugspitze, the 163 ment of Science)” 26, 27, 125, 128, 137, Al-Biruni (973–1048) 61 152, 158, 174, 277 Al-Fath Muhammad Sultan, Abu (n.d.) 64 BAAS Lunar Committee 125, 172 Al-Sufi, Abd al-Rahman (903–986) 61, 62 Bahram Mirza (1806–1882) 72 Al-Tusi, Nasir al-Din (1202–1274) 61 Baillaud, Édouard Benjamin (1848–1934) 119 Amateur astronomer xv, 26, 50, 51, 56, 60, Ball, Sir Robert (1840–1913) 147 145, 151 Barlow Lens 195, 203 Amir Kabir (1807–1852) 71 Barnard, Edward Emerson (1857–1923) 136 Amir Nezam Garusi (1820–1900) 87 Barnard Davis, Joseph (1801–1881) 180 Analysis of the Moon’s environment 239 Beamish, Richard (1789–1873) 178-81 Andromeda nebula xii, 208, 220-22 Becker, Ernst (1843–1912) 81 Antoniadi, Eugène M. (1870–1944) 269 Beer, Wilhelm Wolff (1797–1850) ix, 54, 56, Apollo Missions NASA 32, 231, 237, 239, 240, 60, 123, 124, 126, 130, 139, 142, 144, 157, 258, 261, 272 190 Apollo 8 xii, 32, 239-41 Bell Laboratories 270 Apollo 11 xii, 59, 237, 240, 244-46, 248-52, Beg, Ulugh (1394–1449) 63, 64 261, 280 Bergedorf 207 Apollo 13 254 Bergedorfer Spektraldurchmusterung 216 Apollo 14 240, 253-55 Biancani, Giuseppe (n.d.) 40, 274 Apollo 15 255 Biot, Jean Baptiste (1774–1862) 1,8, 9, 121 Apollo 16 240, 255-57 Birt, William R. -
Mineralogy of Vera Rubin Ridge from the Mars Science Laboratory
RESEARCH ARTICLE Mineralogy of Vera Rubin Ridge From the Mars Science 10.1029/2019JE006306 Laboratory CheMin Instrument Special Section: E. B. Rampe1 , T. F. Bristow2 , R. V. Morris1 , S. M. Morrison3 , C. N. Achilles4 , Investigations of Vera Rubin 1 5 2 6 5 7 Ridge, Gale Crater D. W. Ming , D. T. Vaniman , D. F. Blake ,V.M.Tu, S. J. Chipera , A. S. Yen , T. S. Peretyazhko6 , R. T. Downs8, R. M. Hazen3 , A. H. Treiman9 , J. P. Grotzinger10, N. Castle5 , P. I. Craig5 , D. J. Des Marais2 , M. T. Thorpe1, R. C. Walroth2 , G. W. Downs8, Key Points: 7 11 12 13 4 • Data from the CheMin X‐ray A. A. Fraeman , K. L. Siebach , R. Gellert , B. Lafuente , A. C. McAdam , 14 6 15 diffractometer demonstrate a variety P.‐Y. Meslin , B. Sutter , and M. R. Salvatore of secondary alteration products on Vera Rubin ridge 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA, 2NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA, 3Carnegie • Hematite particle size changes Institute for Science, Washington, DC, USA, 4NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, 5Planetary across and below the ridge, and this Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA, 6Jacobs at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA, 7Jet Propulsion change may be a marker of 8 9 diagenetic reaction Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, Lunar and 10 • The aqueous history of Vera Rubin Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, USA, Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, ridge was complex, with several Pasadena, -
1 Arch M. Reid Curriculum Vitae Education
Arch M. Reid Curriculum Vitae Education: 1955 B.Sc. Geology and Mathematics, St. Andrews University 1957 B.Sc. (Hons.) Geology, St. Andrews University 1961 M.Sc. Geology, University of Western Ontario Thesis: The Petrology of the Mount Megantic Igneous Complex.Thesis Adviser: Gary G. M. Boone. 1964 Ph.D. Geology, University of Pittsburgh Thesis: Enstatite Achondrites. Thesis Adviser: Alvin J. Cohen. Professional Employment Experience: 1957-61 Preceptor, Dept. of Geology, University of Western Ontario, Organization of laboratory classes, preparation of laboratory manuals, teaching including extension and summer classes. 1958-59 Field Geologist, Quebec Department of Mines, Summer (1958, '59). Senior assistant, field party mapping in the Grenville; Party Chief mapping the Mount Megantic area, Eastern Townships, Quebec. 1961-63 Junior Fellow, Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh. Associated with glass chemistry group; research on cryptovolcanic/impact structures, meteorites, cosmic dust 1964 Research Assistant, University of Pittsburgh. Meteorite research. 1965-70 Assistant Research Mineralogist, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California. Development of techniques in electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction. Meteorite and lunar studies, oceanic ultrabasic rocks. 1968-69 Visiting Scientist, Department of Geophysics and Geochemistry, Australian National University. Electron probe microanalysis and petrographic study of basaltic achondrites and ultrabasic xenoliths. 1970 Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas, 1970. Lunar studies. Preliminary investigation lunar samples. 1971-75 Planetary and Earth Sciences, Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. Petrology of lunar rocks, ultrabasic inclusions, meteorites, ocean basalts. Organization of electron probe laboratory. 1973-75 Adjunct Professor of Geology, University of Houston 1975-86 Professor of Mineralogy and Geology and Head of Department, University of Cape Town. -
Civil War to Civil Rights Commemoration
National Park Service U.S Department of the Interior Washington Support Office: Cultural Resources, Partnerships and Science Interpretation, Education and Volunteers Civil War to Civil Rights Commemoration Summary Report DEDICATION This report honors all those who suffered and died in this nation’s struggles for freedom and equality. It is also dedicated to our colleague, Tim Sinclair, who was taken from us too soon. Timothy D. Sinclair, Sr. (1974-2016) Chief of Interpretation Selma to Montgomery NHT Tuskegee Airmen NHS and Tuskegee Institute NHS You took us on a walk from Selma to Montgomery. To keep your vision and memory alive, “We’re still marching!” Silent sentinels stood watch for 22 hours to commemorate the 22 hours of combat that took place at Spotsylvania’s Bloody Angle. FREDERICKSBURG AND SPOTSYLVANIA NMP Cover Graphic: Courtesy of Chris Barr FOREWORD The Civil War to Civil Rights Commemoration has been quite a journey. Thanks to all of you who helped make it a meaningful and memorable one for our country. We hope our efforts have helped Americans understand the connection between these two epic periods of time as a continuous march toward freedom and equality for all–a march that continues still today. Along the way, perhaps the National Park Service learned something about itself, as well. When we first began planning for this commemorative journey, there were several Civil War parks that had difficultly acknowledging slavery as the cause of the war. Both Civil War sites and civil rights sites questioned whether a combined “Civil War to Civil Rights” Commemoration would water down and weaken each. -
Communications in Observations
ISSN 0917-7388 COMMUNICATIONS IN CMO Since 1986 MARS No.385 25 May 2011 OBSERVATIONS No.11 PublishedbytheInternational Society of the Mars Observers Romantic Duality of Nomenclature of SCHIAPARELLI vs the Monomaniac Naming by ANTONIADI By Masatsugu MINAMI An originality of G V SCHIAPARELLI was not only to have changed the flat and dull names of the Mars observers to the nomenclature of the old Greek-Roman mythology or from that of the Bible, but to include some mysterious suggestions. We showed in a previous Japanese article that SCHIAPARELLI’s naming has a duality; for example Solis Lacus implicitly suggests the existence of Pontus Euxinus (the Black Sea), and because of it, several flood legends are inlaid on the nomenclature of Mars (later in 1997 geologists William RYAN and Walter PITMAN from Columbia University published evidence that a massive flooding of Pontus Euxinus occurred about 5600 BC through the Bosphorus and maybe it was related with the story of Noah’s Deluge). In marked contrast to the inspiration of SCHIAPARELLI, ANTONIADI’s nomenclature looks quite dull, lacking the romanticism shown by SCHIAPARELLI though ANTONIADI added a lot of names on his map. In the following, such parentheses (S:1877), (A:1909) and so on show that the names were given by (respectively) by SCHIAPARELLI in 1877, by ANTONIADI in 1909 and so on and these depend on the descriptions of Jürgen BLUNCK. The following much depends upon a Japanese paper written by the present authour published in CMO #116 (25 April 1992 issue) at p1029. I plies the Sun is led by the light of a dawn star, that he name of Solis Lacus (S:1877) is one of the is Venus. -
Galactic Observer
alactic Observer John J. McCarthy Observatory GVolume 5, No. 9 September 2012 As Curiosity Rover makes its first baby steps for mankind, NASA is already planning for future missions to Mars. Cutting to The InSight lander ("Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat the Core Transport" will employ a German-made internal hammer - or "tractor mole" - to probe the Martian crust and descend up to 16 feet (five meters) below the surface. The mission will attempt to find out why Earth and its half-sister have evolved so differently. For more information, go to http://discovery.nasa.gov/index.cfml Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development JJMO Staff John Gebauer It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Marc Polansky has established itself as a significant educational and Josh Reynolds recreational resource within the western Connecticut Technical Support community. Bob Lambert Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Dr. Parker Moreland Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Joe Privitera Mike Chiarella Bruno Ranchy Josh Reynolds Jeff Chodak Route Bill Cloutier Barbara Richards Charles Copple Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross John Gebauer Gene Schilling Elaine Green Diana Shervinskie Tina Hartzell Katie Shusdock Tom Heydenburg Jon Wallace Jim Johnstone Bob Willaum Bob Lambert Paul Woodell Parker Moreland, PhD Amy Ziffer In This Issue SILENCED FOOTFALLS ................................................... 3 SUNRISE AND SUNSET .................................................. 13 END OF THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ...................... -
Morphometric Characterization and Reconstruction Effect Among Lunar Impact Craters
Earth Moon Planets (2014) 111:139–155 DOI 10.1007/s11038-014-9431-0 Morphometric Characterization and Reconstruction Effect Among Lunar Impact Craters Weiming Cheng • Jiao Wang • Cong Wan Received: 2 January 2014 / Accepted: 11 March 2014 / Published online: 19 March 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract Impact craters on the lunar surface have a variety of morphometric charac- teristics that are very useful in understanding the evolutionary history of lunar landscape morphologies. Based on digital elevation model data and photographs from China’s Chang’E-1 lunar orbiter, we develop morphologic parameters and quantitative methods for presenting the morphometric characteristics of impact craters, analyzing their relational distribution, and estimating the relative order of their formation. We also analyze features in profile where craters show signs of having formed on the edge of previously existing craters to show that superimposed impacts affect morphologic reconstructions. As a result, impact craters have significant effects on the reconstruction of ancient topography and the estimation of relative formation ages. Keywords Morphometric characterization Á Position relationship Á Relative construction age Á Chang’E-1 1 Introduction The Earth’s Moon, it’s only natural satellite, has a potentially complete record of the 4.5- billion year evolutionary history of the solar system (Ronca 1966; Ouyang 2005). Impact craters are the most obvious and typical geomorphologic units (Ronca 1969; Neukum and Ivanov 1994; Neukum et al. 1975); they form when a planetary body (meteoro, comet, etc.) impact against the surface (King 1976). The diameters of impact craters on the lunar W. Cheng (&) Á J.