Cultural Resources

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cultural Resources City of Walnut Creek Shadelands Gateway Specific Plan and The Orchards at Walnut Creek Project Draft EIR Appendix D: Cultural Resources FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN‐JN)\3611\36110005\EIR\4 ‐ EIR2\36110005 Sec99‐99 Appendix Dividers.doc Kenneth L. Finger, Ph.D. Consulting Paleontologist 18208 Judy St., Castro Valley, CA 94546-2306 510.885.1585 [email protected] July 22, 2013 Carrie Wills FirstCarbon Solutions - Michael Brandman Associates 2633 Camino Ramon, Ste. 460 San Ramon, CA 94583 Re: Paleontological Records Search: Shadelands Gateway Project (3611.0005), Contra Costa County, California Dear Ms. Wills: As per your request, I have conducted a search of the University of California Museum of Paleontol- ogy (UCMP) database for the Shadelands Gateway Project in Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County. The proposed project is located on unsectioned land, T1S, R1E, Walnut Creek Quadrangle (1995 USGS 7.5-series topographic map). From Google Earth aerial imagery, it appears that this is heavily disturbed, flat terrain. Geologic Units According to the geologic maps of Graymer et al. (1994) and Dibblee (2005), the proposed project is located on valley fill consisting of Quaternary (undivided Pleistocene and Holocene) alluvium (Qu or Qa). Tertiary and Cretaceous units are ex- posed in the hills flanking the valley, approxi- mately 3500 feet to the northeast and southwest. The closest of these are the Miocene Clerbo Sandstone, Eocene Domengene Fm. and Norton- ville Shale, and Early Cretaceous shale with mi- nor sandstone of the Great Valley sequence. This stratigraphic sequence dips into the subsurface well below the valley floor; it is, therefore, highly unlikely that project-related construction activi- ties will disturb any of these older units, all of which are paleontologically sensitive. Paleontological Records Search, Shadelands Gateway Project (3611.005) K. L. Finger UCMP Database Records Search The records search of the UCMP database focused on the Quaternary vertebrate localities and specimens of Contra Costa County. The results are 3900 Quaternary vertebrate fossils from 63 localities. Sixty-one of these localities yielded the Rancholabrean (late Pleistocene) fauna. The remaining two localities are early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian fauna) and Holocene. The diverse County Costa County fossil vertebrate fauna is represented by 60 taxa (see attached species list). Remarks and Recommendations A paleontological walkover survey of the site prior to construction is not warranted because the terrain is disturbed and devoid of geological exposures. The results of the records search indicate that excavations into previously undisturbed Pleistocene alluvium could impact significant paleontological resources. Although Pleistocene alluvium generally has a low paleontologic potential because its fossil occurrences are typically spotty and unpredictable, it should be considered as having a high paleontologic sensitivity. It would therefore be prudent to have a qualified cultural resources monitor onsite during excavations, particularly those expected to reach the Pleistocene if its local depth is known. An alternative would be to have a professional paleontologist periodically inspect all excavations of previously undisturbed alluvium. Should any vertebrate bones or teeth be unearthed by the construction crew, all work in the immediate vicinity of the discovery should cease until a paleontologist evaluates the find for its scientific value. If deemed significant, it should be salvaged and deposited in an accredited and permanent scientific institution (e.g., UCMP), where it will be properly curated and preserved for the benefit of current and future generations. If I can be of further assistance on this project, please do not hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, References Cited Dibblee, T.W., 2007. Geologic map of the Walnut Creek Quadrangle, Contra Costa County, Cal- ifornia. Dibblee Geology Center Map #DF-149 (1:24,000 scale). Graymer, R.W., Jones, D.L., and Brabb, E.E., 1994, Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bed- rock formations in Contra Costa County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Sur- vey Open-File Report 94-622. 2 CHECKLIST OF UCMP PLEISTOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM CONTRA COSTA COUNTY (Compiled by K.L Finger, 07/22/13) CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES (cartilaginous fish) ORDER RODENTIA (rodents) Myliobatus (bat ray) Dipodomys (kangaroo rat) Microtus californicus (California meadow vole) CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII (bony fish) Neotoma fuscipes (dusky-footed wood rat) Orthodon (blackfish) Otospermophilus beecheyi (Calif. ground squirrel) Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) Perognathus (pocket mouse) Peromyscus californicus (California deer mouse) CLASS AMPHIBIA (amphibians) Peromyscus maniculatus (white-footed mouse) Ambystoma (mole salamander) Peromyscus truei (pinyon mouse) Aneides lugubris (aboreal salamander) Reithrodontomys raviventris (salt marsh harvest mouse) Pseudacris (chorus frog) Sciurus (squirrel) Rana (true frog) Spermophilus beecheyi (California ground squirrel) Taricha (western newt) ` Tamias (chipmunk) Thomomys bottae (Botta’s pocket gopher) CLASS REPTILIA (reptiles) Clemmys marmorata (western pond turtle) ORDER CARNIVORA (carnivores) Crotalus (rattlesnake) Cynodesmus thooides (extinct canid) Gerrhonotus coeruleus (alligator lizard) Enhydra lutris (sea otter) Uta (sideblotched lizard) Procyon lotor (northern raccoon) Taxidea (badger) CLASS AVES (birds) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (gray fox) Aechmophorus occidentalis (western grebe) Ursus americanus (black bear) Anas acuta (pintail duck) Asio flammeus (short-eared owl) ORDER PROBOSCIDEA (elephants) Callipepia (quail) Mammut americanum (American mastodon) Centrocercus (sage grouse) Mammuthus columbi (Columbian mammoth) PUBL. Geococcyx (roadrunner) Melanitta (scooter) ORDER PERISSODACTYLA (odd-toed ungulates) Equus caballas (modern horse) CLASS MAMMALIA (mammals) Equus pacificus (Pacific horse) Tapirus merriami (Merriam’s tapir) ORDER INSECTIVORA (insectivores) Scapanus latimanus (broad-footed mole) PUBL. ORDER ARTIODACTYLA (even-toed ungulates) Sorex ornatus (ornate shrew) Antilocapra pacifica (Pacific pronghorn) PUBL. Bison bison antiquus (ancient bison) ORDER CHIROPTERA (bats) Bison latifrons (long-horned bison) PUBL. Antrozous pallidus (pallid bat) Camelops hesternus (Yesterday’s camel) Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) Capromeryx minor (diminutive pronghorn) Lasiurus (hairy-tailed bat) Cervus (deer, elk) Odocoileus (mule deer) ORDER XENARTHA (ground sloths) Sphenophalos (pronghorn) Glossotherium harlani (Harlan’s ground sloth) Megalonyx jeffersoni (Jefferson’s ground sloth) ORDER LAGOMORPHA (rabbits) Sylvilagus bachmani (Bachman’s cottontail) Lepus (jackrabbit) Sacred Lands File & Native American Contacts List Request NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION 915 Capitol Mall, RM 364 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 653-4082 (916) 657-5390 – Fax [email protected] Information Below is Required for a Sacred Lands File Search Date: June 20, 2013 Project: Shadelands 7 Project PN 3611.0005 County: Contra Costa County USGS Quadrangle Name: Walnut Creek Township: 1 North Range: 1 West Section: 18 Company/Firm/Agency: Michael Brandman Associates Contact Person: Carrie D. Wills M.A., RPA Street Address: 2633 Camino Ramon, San Ramon, CA 94583 Cell 925.788.9097 Preferred number as I’m in the field so often! Office Phone: 925.830.2733 Fax: 925.830.2715 Email: [email protected] Project would include development of various types of office structures. July 11, 2013 Katherine Erolinda Perez PO Box 717 Linden, CA 95236 Subject: Proposed Shadelands Project, City of Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County Dear Katherine Erolinda Perez: At the request of the City of Walnut Creek, FirstCarbon Solutions is conducting a Cultural Resources Assessment for a proposed Specific Plan Project within the City of Walnut Creek, CA. The Shadelands Gateway Specific Plan (Specific Plan) will guide the direction of future land uses and development within the approximately 25-acre Plan Area. The approximately 25-acre property is located in the northeastern portion of the City of Walnut Creek in central Contra Costa County within the Shadelands Business Park. It consists of a square-shaped property comprised of three parcels (APNs 143-040-086, -087, and 0-88) located on the northwest corner of Ygnacio Valley and Oak Grove Roads. The project area is slated to be field surveyed on July 16, 2013. Consultation The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires the City to consider the effect this project may have on historic properties. The definition of “historic properties” includes, in some cases, properties of traditional religious and cultural significance to Native American tribes. To determine whether any historic properties may be affected by the project, FCS-MBA has consulted with the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and received a response letter indicating that there may be additional information to be gained from individual tribal members and/or tribal organizations. FCS-MBA is sending this letter to give you the opportunity to provide any additional information you may have about the project area. Because public involvement is a key ingredient in successful CEQA consultation, we are soliciting your input as part of this process. Please feel free to contact me at 925.788.9097 or via email at [email protected] if you have any questions or would like to discuss the project in more detail. Sincerely, Senior Scientist, Archaeology FirstCarbon Solutions 2633 Camino Ramon Ste. 460 San Ramon, CA 94583 Mobile Phone 925.788.9097 Office 925.830.2733 FAX 925.830.2733 Enc: Project Location Map 36110005 .
Recommended publications
  • A Genus-Level Phylogenetic Analysis of Antilocapridae And
    A GENUS-LEVEL PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ANTILOCAPRIDAE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF HEADGEAR MORPHOLOGY AND PALEOECOLOGY by HOLLEY MAY FLORA A THESIS Presented to the Department of EArth Sciences And the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partiAl fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MAster of Science September 2019 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Holley MAy Flora Title: A Genus-level Phylogenetic Analysis of AntilocApridae and ImplicAtions for the Evolution of HeAdgeAr Morphology and PAleoecology This Thesis has been accepted and approved in partiAl fulfillment of the requirements for the MAster of Science degree in the Department of EArth Sciences by: EdwArd Byrd DAvis Advisor SAmAntha S. B. Hopkins Core Member Matthew Polizzotto Core Member Stephen Frost Institutional RepresentAtive And JAnet Woodruff-Borden DeAn of the Graduate School Original Approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School Degree awArded September 2019. ii ã 2019 Holley MAy Flora This work is licensed under a CreAtive Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Holley MAy Flora MAster of Science Department of EArth Sciences September 2019 Title: A Genus-level Phylogenetic Analysis of AntilocApridae and ImplicAtions for the Evolution of HeAdgeAr Morphology and PAleoecology The shapes of Artiodactyl heAdgeAr plAy key roles in interactions with their environment and eAch other. Consequently, heAdgeAr morphology cAn be used to predict behavior. For eXAmple, lArger, recurved horns are typicAl of gregarious, lArge-bodied AnimAls fighting for mAtes. SmAller spike-like horns are more characteristic of small- bodied, paired mAtes from closed environments. Here, I report a genus-level clAdistic Analysis of the extinct family, AntilocApridae, testing prior hypotheses of evolutionary history And heAdgeAr evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Mammals from Extinction Cave, Belize
    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Pleistocene Mammals From Extinction Cave, Belize Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2018-0178.R3 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-May-2019 Author: Complete List of Authors: Churcher, C.S.; University of Toronto, Zoology Central America, Pleistocene, Fauna, Vertebrate Palaeontology, Keyword: Limestone cave Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicableDraft (regular submission) Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 43 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 1 PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS FROM EXTINCTION CAVE, BELIZE 2 by C.S. CHURCHER1 Draft 1Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5S 2C6 and 322-240 Dallas Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8V 4X9 (corresponding address): e-mail [email protected] https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 43 2 4 5 ABSTRACT. A small mammalian fauna is recorded from Extinction Cave (also called Sibun 6 Cave), east of Belmopan, on the Sibun River, Belize, Central America. The animals recognized 7 are armadillo (†Dasypus bellus), American lion (†Panthera atrox), jaguar (P. onca), puma or 8 mountain lion (Puma concolor), Florida spectacled bear (†Tremarctos floridanus), javelina or 9 collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), llama (Camelidae indet., ?†Palaeolama mirifica), red brocket 10 deer (Mazama americana), bison (Bison sp.) and Mexican half-ass (†Equus conversidens), and 11 sabre-tooth cat († Smilodon fatalis) may also be represented (‘†’ indicates an extinct taxon). 12 Bear and bison are absent from the region today. The bison record is one of the more southernly 13 known. The bear record is almost the mostDraft westerly known and a first for Central America.
    [Show full text]
  • LA BREA TAR PITS Name______
    LA BREA TAR PITS Name_________________________ Please answer the following questions about the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page) Museum. The answers for these questions will be found inside the museum. Just after entering the museum, there is a movie theater. Go catch the movie (it is short), and write any five important facts from this movie. Name of movie_________________ F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: 1. How old is this deposit of tar? Era_______________ Period_______________ Epoch_______________ 2. Describe how “tar” traps animal and planet life. 3. Who was Glossotherium harlani? How big did it get? 4. What kind of human bones have been found at La Brea? How old are these bones? How old was the human when he or she died? 5. What was Smilodon californicus? What were its eating habits? 6. At La Brea, they found at least 159 skeletons of what large plant eater? 7. What was Mammuthus columbi? How big was it? 8. Who is Bison antiquus? How many skeletons of this critter did they find? How do they compare to the modern Bison? 9. Who was Mammoth americanum? To which modern day critter are they related? 10. Who was Capromeryx minor? 11. The “wall of jaws” is an awesome display of the jaws of what critter? What did they eat? Why do you think so many got stuck in the tar? 12. Who’s bigger, the American Lion or the California Saber Tooth Cat? Compare their sizes. 13. What was Equus occidentalis? What modern day animal is it related to? 14. How many different species of dinosaurs have been found in the tar pits? Why? 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Ppsad~A. Calif~Ia. ' 1 Corit1'ibut!On No
    ' . With two ~figures ' .. ,, , [RepriD.ted from Ca.rnegie Institution of W~n Pu'blicatioJl No. 4<K Pag~ 4$> to 53. Iseub~ AugJst, 1930] I ' I Balth{(iraduqte 1 Scfw~l of tM G'f.l.ogic~l S'*"'­ Cqlifornif.i rlnstitilte of Tedinol.off - Ppsad~a. Calif~ia. ' 1 Corit1'ibut!on No.,. ,a g· 1 I v CAPROMERYX MINOR TAYLOR FROM THE McKITTRICK PLEISTOCENE, CALIFORNIA By EUSTACE L. Fum.oNG With two text-figures 49 CAPROMERYX MINOR TAYLOR FROM THE McKITTRICK PLEISTOCENE, CALIFORNIA INTRODUCTION The occurrence of a Pleistocene vertebrate fauna in an e.sphalt deposit near McKittrick, California, has been reported by J. C. Merriam and C. Stock. Since the publication of the provisional list of mammals from this locality, several types new to the assemb­ lage have been discovered in the deposit. Among these should be recorded the small antilocaprid, Capromeryx minor. This species occurs here in association with the prong-horn antelope Antilocapra. Three species of the genus Capromeryx are now known from the Pleistocene of North America. The type, C. furcifer, was described by Matthew 1 from Hay Springs, Nebraska. C. minor Taylor 2 occurs at Rancho La Brea, and C. mexicana Furlong 8 is recorded from Tequixquiac, Mexico. The occurrence of C. minor at McKittrick extends the range of this species during the Pleistocene from the Los Angeles basin to the Great Valley of California. Members of the family Antilocapridre are apparently sparsely represented in the McKittrick fauna, as only one individual of Capromeryx has been found, while several individuals of Antilocapra are known to occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota
    Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota By RICHARD FOSTER FLINT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Prepared as part of the program of the Department of the Interior *Jfor the development-L of*J the Missouri River basin UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $3 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_ _ _____-_-_________________--_--____---__ 1 Pre- Wisconsin nonglacial deposits, ______________ 41 Scope and purpose of study._________________________ 2 Stratigraphic sequence in Nebraska and Iowa_ 42 Field work and acknowledgments._______-_____-_----_ 3 Stream deposits. _____________________ 42 Earlier studies____________________________________ 4 Loess sheets _ _ ______________________ 43 Geography.________________________________________ 5 Weathering profiles. __________________ 44 Topography and drainage______________________ 5 Stream deposits in South Dakota ___________ 45 Minnesota River-Red River lowland. _________ 5 Sand and gravel- _____________________ 45 Coteau des Prairies.________________________ 6 Distribution and thickness. ________ 45 Surface expression._____________________ 6 Physical character. _______________ 45 General geology._______________________ 7 Description by localities ___________ 46 Subdivisions. ________-___--_-_-_-______ 9 Conditions of deposition ___________ 50 James River lowland.__________-__-___-_--__ 9 Age and correlation_______________ 51 General features._________-____--_-__-__ 9 Clayey silt. __________________________ 52 Lake Dakota plain____________________ 10 Loveland loess in South Dakota. ___________ 52 James River highlands...-------.-.---.- 11 Weathering profiles and buried soils. ________ 53 Coteau du Missouri..___________--_-_-__-___ 12 Synthesis of pre- Wisconsin stratigraphy.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Post-Cranial Metric Analysis of Mammoths from the Hot Springs Mammoth Site, South Dakota
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies Nebraska Academy of Sciences 1977 Preliminary Post-Cranial Metric Analysis Of Mammoths From The Hot Springs Mammoth Site, South Dakota Barbara Lee Dutrow Chadron State College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas Dutrow, Barbara Lee, "Preliminary Post-Cranial Metric Analysis Of Mammoths From The Hot Springs Mammoth Site, South Dakota" (1977). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies. 445. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tnas/445 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nebraska Academy of Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societiesy b an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. COLLEGIATE SECTION PRELIMINARY POST-CRANIAL METRIC ANALYSIS OF MAMMOTHS FROM THE HOT SPRINGS MAMMOTH SITE, SOUTH DAKOTA BARBARA LEE DUTROW Department of Earth Sciences Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska 69337 Salvage investigations of a Karst depression containing more than but is not currently available. nine Late Pleistocene mammoth were conducted during approxi­ mately twenty field days in the summers of 1974 and 1975. The deposit contains a local death assemblage of a mammoth population. METHODOLOGY A post-cranial metric analysis has been conducted on the fossil elephant remains. Excavation of the site followed standard archaeological and paleontological techniques as applied at the following t t t sites: Murray Springs, Lehner Ranch, Boney Springs, and Hudson-Meng. Bones were mapped in situ, both vertically INTRODUCTION and horizontally, as encountered in the fill.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeontologia Electronica COMPARATIVE VARIABILITY OF
    Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org COMPARATIVE VARIABILITY OF INTERMEMBRANOUS AND ENDOCHONDRAL BONES IN PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS Kristina R. Raymond and Donald R. Prothero ABSTRACT Study of the embryology and ossification of modern bones predicts that fossil intermembranous bones (which ossify from connective tissue) will exhibit greater size variability than endochondral bones (which are formed from embryological cartilagi- nous precursors), because intermembranous bones are less tightly constrained by joints and articular surfaces. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured multiple dimen- sions of 989 intermembranous bones (patellae and other sesamoids) of the saber- toothed cat Smilodon fatalis, the Ice Age lion Panthera atrox, the bison Bison antiquus, the horse Equus occidentalis, the camel Camelops hesternus, the ground sloths Paramylodon (=Glossotherium) harlani and Nothrotheriops shastensis from Rancho La Brea and from the late Pleistocene San Josecito Cave in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. These were compared to measurements of 811 endochondral bones (primarily astragali) of comparable size. Through statistical analyses (coefficients of variation, ANOVA, modi- fied Levene’s test, and t-tests) we found slight evidence of higher variability in many of the intermembranous bones of these taxa (21 out of 27 CVs were higher for intermem- branous bones than endochondral bones), although this trend is not found in all taxa. Using a modified Levene’s test, only Smilodon and some of the dimensions of horse and bison patellae are significantly more variable than the corresponding dimensions of the astragali. Although the results are mixed, at least some data show that inter- membranous bones are not as tightly constrained by growth and by adjacent tissues as are endochondral bones.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects for Rewilding with Camelids
    Journal of Arid Environments 130 (2016) 54e61 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Prospects for rewilding with camelids Meredith Root-Bernstein a, b, *, Jens-Christian Svenning a a Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark b Institute for Ecology and Biodiversity, Santiago, Chile article info abstract Article history: The wild camelids wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus), guanaco (Lama guanicoe), and vicuna~ (Vicugna Received 12 August 2015 vicugna) as well as their domestic relatives llama (Lama glama), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), dromedary Received in revised form (Camelus dromedarius) and domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) may be good candidates for 20 November 2015 rewilding, either as proxy species for extinct camelids or other herbivores, or as reintroductions to their Accepted 23 March 2016 former ranges. Camels were among the first species recommended for Pleistocene rewilding. Camelids have been abundant and widely distributed since the mid-Cenozoic and were among the first species recommended for Pleistocene rewilding. They show a range of adaptations to dry and marginal habitats, keywords: Camelids and have been found in deserts, grasslands and savannas throughout paleohistory. Camelids have also Camel developed close relationships with pastoralist and farming cultures wherever they occur. We review the Guanaco evolutionary and paleoecological history of extinct and extant camelids, and then discuss their potential Llama ecological roles within rewilding projects for deserts, grasslands and savannas. The functional ecosystem Rewilding ecology of camelids has not been well researched, and we highlight functions that camelids are likely to Vicuna~ have, but which require further study.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleobiology of a Large Mammal Community from the Late Pleistocene of Sonora, Mexico
    Quaternary Research (2021), 102, 247–259 doi:10.1017/qua.2020.125 Research Article Paleobiology of a large mammal community from the late Pleistocene of Sonora, Mexico Rachel A. Shorta* , Laura G. Emmertb, Nicholas A. Famosoc,d, Jeff M. Martina,†, Jim I. Meade,f, Sandy L. Swifte and Arturo Baezg aDepartment of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 USA; bDon Sundquist Center of Excellence in Paleontology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614 USA; cJohn Day Fossil Beds National Monument, U.S. National Park Service, Kimberly, Oregon 97848 USA; dDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403 USA; eThe Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, S.D.,1800 Hwy 18 Bypass, Hot Springs, South Dakota, 57747 USA; fDesert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85745 USA and gCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA Abstract A paleontological deposit near San Clemente de Térapa represents one of the very few Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age sites within Sonora, Mexico. During that time, grasslands were common, and the climate included cooler and drier summers and wetter winters than currently experienced in northern Mexico. Here, we demonstrate restructuring in the mammalian community associated with environmental change over the past 40,000 years at Térapa. The fossil community has a similar number of carnivores and herbivores whereas the modern community consists mostly of carnivores. There was also a 97% decrease in mean body size (from 289 kg to 9 kg) because of the loss of megafauna.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide
    Waco Mammoth National Monument Teacher’s Guide Waco Mammoth National Monument is a proud partnership: COVID-19 Safety Notice Wearing a mask is required in federal buildings. The Dig Shelter building at Waco Mammoth National Monument has a maximum capacity of 25 individuals. This document updated 5 May 2021. 1 Park Information Address: 6220 Steinbeck Bend Drive Waco, Texas 76708 Front Office: 254-299-2663 Unload buses at the and then use the BUS PARKING. Bathrooms are in the . The walk from the to the DIG SHELTER is 300 yards. No food or drink is allowed in the DIG SHELTER. Map data ©Google, 2021. All photos and illustrations in this guide, unless otherwise stated, have been provided by the City of Waco. 2 I. Dig Shelter Guide Begin at the entrance bridge, shown in the image below. The following pages provide a helpful script as well as critical thinking questions for your students. 3 A. History of the Site All the fossils you will see today are from the Pleistocene Epoch, or the Ice Age. The Ice Age started 2.6 million years ago and ended just 12,000 years ago. SAY IT TOGETHER: PLY-stuh-SEEN EP-uck This bridge crosses over the first dig site. In 1978, two young men named Paul Barron and Eddie Bufkin came to explore this creek, hoping to find fossils, or possibly some arrowheads. They found a very large bone near the embankment you see by the bridge. They didn’t know what the bone was, so they took it to Baylor University.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnegie Institution of Washington Monograph Series
    BTILL UMI Carnegie Institution of Washington Monograph Series BT ILL UMI 1 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. 1902. Octavo, 16 pp. 2 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. Articles of Incorporation, Deed of Trust, etc. 1902. Octavo, 15 pp. 3 The Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. Proceedings of the Board of Trustees, January, 1902. 1902. Octavo, 15 pp. 4 CONARD, HENRY S. The Waterlilies: A Monograph of the Genus Nymphaea. 1905. Quarto, [1] + xiii + 279 pp., 30 pls., 82 figs. 5 BURNHAM, S. W. A General Catalogue of Double Stars within 121° of the North Pole. 1906. Quarto. Part I. The Catalogue. pp. [2] + lv + 1–256r. Part II. Notes to the Catalogue. pp. viii + 257–1086. 6 COVILLE, FREDERICK VERNON, and DANIEL TREMBLY MACDOUGAL. Desert Botani- cal Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. 1903. Octavo, vi + 58 pp., 29 pls., 4 figs. 7 RICHARDS, THEODORE WILLIAM, and WILFRED NEWSOME STULL. New Method for Determining Compressibility. 1903. Octavo, 45 pp., 5 figs. 8 FARLOW, WILLIAM G. Bibliographical Index of North American Fungi. Vol. 1, Part 1. Abrothallus to Badhamia. 1905. Octavo, xxxv + 312 pp. 9 HILL, GEORGE WILLIAM, The Collected Mathematical Works of. Quarto. Vol. I. With introduction by H. POINCARÉ. 1905. xix + 363 pp. +errata, frontispiece. Vol. II. 1906. vii + 339 pp. + errata. Vol. III. 1906. iv + 577 pp. Vol. IV. 1907. vi + 460 pp. 10 NEWCOMB, SIMON. On the Position of the Galactic and Other Principal Planes toward Which the Stars Tend to Crowd. (Contributions to Stellar Statistics, First Paper.) 1904. Quarto, ii + 32 pp.
    [Show full text]