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Civil Engineering Research Exchange Symposium 2012 Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement
D.L.N.B. Jayawardane1, U.P.A.S. Ukwatta1, W.M.N.R Weerakoon1, C.K. Pathirana1
Abstract This project is aimed to study the Physical and Chemical properties of fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement manufactured by Tokyo cement (lanka) PLC. Basics of cement, fly ash, pozzolana and physical and chemical properties of cement have been studied to proceed the project easily. The test methods available to find out Physical and Chemical properties of fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement have been studied. To identify the importance of this blended cement, comparison of Physical and Chemical properties of fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement with normal Ordinary Portland cement is proposed. From that it can be easily identified the importance of this locally manufactured special fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement in many applications in the construction industry.
emissions (Worrell et al. [1]). Pozzolan 1. Introduction1 can be defined as a siliceous or Cement is a bonding material used alumino-siliceous material with very fine with stones, sand, bricks, building particles. In the presence of water, it blocks etc. consumed in the reacts with calcium hydroxide released construction industry. It has a property by the hydration of Portland cement at of setting and hardening under by virtue ordinary temperatures, to form of a chemical reaction. compounds of possessing cementing properties. Supplementary cementing Cement production is a significant materials (SCM) are a class of mineral-
source of global carbon dioxide (CO2) based materials possessing pozzolanic emissions, making up approximately 5 reactivity such as coal fly ash (a
per cent of global anthropogenic CO2 residue from coal burning), blast furnace slag (a residue from iron 1 1,2,3,4 Faculty of Engineering, University of making), or other pozzolanic materials Peradeniya. (e.g., volcanic material). These 1 [email protected]; products are blended with the ground [email protected]; [email protected]; clinker to produce a homogenous [email protected] product: blended cement. Blended Faculty of Engineering 8 University of Ruhuna Civil Engineering Research Exchange Symposium 2012 cement has different properties than measurements such as strength and Portland cement, e.g., setting takes fineness, chemical composition, and longer but ultimate strength is higher. performance characteristics such as setting time. It was also comparing and The global potential for CO2 emission contrasting results on Portland and reduction through producing blended blended cements (Tennis et al., [3]). cement is estimated to be at least 5 per cent of total CO2 emissions from Compressive strength, fineness, cement making (Worrell et al.,[1]). soundness, setting time, and specific gravity are some physical properties of 2. Literature Review cement. Loss on ignition, chloride content, and insoluble residue are A Number of researches have been some of chemical properties of cement. carried out to find the properties of Also percentage of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, different types of cement. A survey of CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O, and K2O of Portland cements marketed in North cement can be determined. Variation of America was conducted in 1994 under physical and chemical properties of the sponsorship of the American Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Society for Testing and Materials blended pozzolana cement has been (ASTM) Committee C-1 on Cement discussed in this paper. (Gebhardt [2]). The primary purpose of the survey was to provide data on 3. Methodology modern cement characteristics. The With the blended cement, OPC study reviewed 387 cements from 136 sample was also tested according to of 140 cement-producing facilities in the the standards. ASTM and SLS test United States and Canada, plus several methods were used to find out above imported cements. The last survey of physical properties and chemical similar scope on cement characteristics properties. The test method used to was done on 203 cements procured in find out each property is given in Table 1953 and 1954 by the National Bureau 1. of Standards (presently called the
National Institute of Standards and
Technology) (Gebhardt [2]).
In April 2005, a survey of Table 1: Test Methods use to find manufacturers of Portland and blended out properties of Cement cements in the US and Canada was Property Test Method conducted to collect data on cements Compressive ASTM 109/C produced in 2004. The characteristics Strength 109M of interest include those required to Setting Time ASTM C 191 meet specifications ASTM C 150, C Specific Gravity ASTM C 188 595, and C 1157: physical
Faculty of Engineering 9 University of Ruhuna Civil Engineering Research Exchange Symposium 2012
Fineness ASTM C 430 Initial 120 164 Soundness,
Al2O3Content, Final 166 203 MgO Content, SLS 107 Specific CaOContent and Gravity Chloride Content 3.107 2.936 Loss on Ignition, Fineness % 85.4 86.2 Insoluble Residue, Soundness 0.5 1.0 Total alkalis, ASTM C 114 (mm) SiO2 Content,
Fe2O3 Content and SO Content 3 Table 3: Chemical Properties of
Blended Cement and OPC 4. Results and Discussion Property Results Results obtained for Physical Ordinary Blended properties and Chemical properties of Portland Cement Cements are as follows. Cement (%)
(%) 4.1 Summary of Results Loss on 2.05 1.05 Obtained values for physical Ignition properties and chemical properties are Insoluble 4.1 20.0 shown in Table 2 and Table 3 Residue respectively. Total 0.59 0.71 alkalis Table 2: Physical properties of Blended Cement and OPC Chloride 0.07 0.01 Content Results SiO2 28.7 23.5 Property Ordinary Blended Content Portland Cement Cement Al2O3 13.5 12.9 Content Compressive Strength (MPa) CaO 53.6 47.0 3 Day 11.3 10.7 Content 7 Day 13.2 14.3 MgO 2.21 1.74 28 Day 16.9 21.2 Content
Setting time (min) Fe2O3 2.27 2.04 Content
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References SO3 2.9 2.21 Content [1] E. Worrell, L. Price, N. Martin, C.Hendriks and L. O. Meida.
“Carbon Dioxide Emissions From 4.2 Chemical and Physical Property The Global Cement Industry”, Requirements of Cement Annual Review of Energy and the After finding of these properties it was Environment, November 2001: 303- checked whether they satisfy the 329. requirements given in ASTM C 150 and [2] Gebhardt, R F. Survey Of North SLS 1247. According to the results American Portland Cements: 1994. obtained, the cement certifies to be Denver, Colorado, American called „Blended‟. Society for Testing and Materials, 1995. 4.3 Discussion [3] P. D.Tennis, J. I. Bhatty and CTLGroup,. Characteristics Of Considering about the results of Portland And Blended Cements. compressive strength, Portland cement 2005. Accessed May 21,2012 has higher early strength and Blended
Portland cement, resulting less CO2 emission to the environment.
5. Conclusions According to the measured physical properties and chemical composition of fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement manufactured by Tokyo Cement PLC, it was found that the fly ash based blended cement has the properties as which required for a cement to be called „blended cement‟. As the blended Cement reduces CO2 emission, and improves strength, workability, and durability it will be very effective in green building construction.
Faculty of Engineering 11 University of Ruhuna