DOCSLIB.ORG

Report on the State of the Alps-Water

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report on the State of the Alps-Water Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Gesundheit Water Balance in the Alps 2nd Conference Report on the State of the Alps- Water (RSA II-Water) Proceedings of the Conference held in Munich, 30-31 October 2008 PREFACE Water is not a regular commodity but an inherited good which has to be protected, defended and treated with care. This applies in particular to the abundant water resources in the Alps. Due to their key economic and cultural significance these water resources are often also referred to as the "white gold of the Alps" and the Alps are often called the "Europe's reservoir". At the IX. Session of the Alpine Conference on 9 November 2006 in Alpbach the Secretariat therefo­ re received the mandate to devote the second Report on the State of the Alps to water issues. The report was to be drafted in concert with the Presidency of the Alpine Conference and with the sup­ port of an ad-hoc working group under joint German-Austrian chairmanship. In a little more than 18 months a wealth of data and information was gathered, based on contributi­ ons from countries of the Alpine region, and extensive analyses were carried out. The results were presented to conference participants and intensively discussed on 30 and 31 October 2008 in Munich at the follow-up conference "Water Balance in the Alps", which was a continuation of the dia­ logue on water issues started in Innsbruck in 2006. Representatives from the Contracting Parties, the European Union, the most prominent stakeholder groups, scientists, observers of the Alpine Conference and interested non-governmental organisations took part in the discussion. This conference volume summarises the most important results of the presentations and discussions held at the conference, which have also been incorporated into the final version of the Second Report on the State of the Alps. Thus the conference volume gives an overview of the most impor­ tant water resources management issues in the Alpine region. We would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank all speakers for the effort they made in edit­ ing their presentations and all participants in the discussion for their constructive contributions and suggestions and also for the extremely lively discussion. The joint German-Austrian chair of the group of experts responsible for the drafting of the Second Report on the State of the Alps. Karl Schwaiger Peter Frei Head of the Department for International Water Head of Division for Water Management in Rural Management of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Areas, Mountain Torrents of the Bavarian State Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Ministry of the Environment, Public Health and Management Consumer Protection, Germany Waterbalance in the Alps 3 CONTENT INTRODUCTION 5 SECTION 1 10 The Alps, the Water Tower of Europe - Water Resources and Drivers SECTION 2 15 Climate Change and Protection against Natural Hazards in the Alpine Perimeter SECTION 3 19 River Morphology and Continuity of the Water Bodies in the Alps SECTION 4 24 Hydropower Generation and Hydropeaking in the Alps SECTION 5 28 Legal Framework: Do we need a Water Protocol for the Alpine Perimeter? FINAL CONCLUSIONS 38 EXCURSION 40 PARTICIPANTS 42 4 Waterbalance in the Alps INTRODUCTION Introductory Remarks Marie-Joëlle Couturier, France Presidency of the Alpine Convention, Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development The French presidency of the Alpine Convention The document in its current version contains a expresses its gratitude to Germany for hosting specific chapter on water and water resources the conference. The presidency is highly plea­ which is based on the dual objective of preven­ sed that the experts of the RSA Working Group ting water scarcity and of controlling the deve­ have produced such an excellent document lopment of power stations in a way that respects which will be very helpful in the future work of the ecology of the water bodies. the Alpine Convention. In terms of natural risks, the French presidency The French presidency has also been actively proposes specific measures in order to reduce engaged in activities linked to the water issue. flood risks in the mountains (in particular by limit­ The presidency's project, which is based on the ing surface sealing) and to limit the impact of Alpbach Declaration, aims at making the Alps a floods (in particular by developing and adapting model region in the field of climate change miti­ warning and early warning systems). The upda­ gation and adaptation. ting of the natural hazards map, which will take As this plan has not yet been approved by the into account additional risks due to climate chan­ Permanent Committee of the Alpine Convention, ge, is to be undertaken as soon as possible. it is not possible to disclose the proposed mea­ sures in detail. They still need to be validated by the delegations. Introduction 5 Climate Change in the Alpine Perimeter-Cooperation on Adaptation Measures Martin Grambow, Germany Head of Water Management, Bavarian State Ministry of the Environment and Public Health The European high mountain ranges, our Alps, Garmisch-Partenkirchen in 2004 with the purpo­ are the backbone of our continent in the truest se of improving and speeding up implementation sense of the word - however, they are under par­ of the protocols and setting up various networks. ticular strain from climate induced stress. Report on the State of the Alps on Water National regulations no longer suffice to protect Issues: them. For this reason we met at the Alpine Water is of vital importance in the Alpine region. Conference in 1989 and established the This was also expressed in the "Multi-Annual Convention on the Protection of the Alps with the Work Programme" and at the meeting of envi­ aim of improving international cooperation in the ronment ministers of the Contracting Parties at Alpine region. Alpach (Austria) in 2006. Therefore the - In this forum the Alpine states act in concert Permanent Secretariat received the mandate to with the EU. present a report on the state of the Alps on - Here we have committed ourselves to the "Water resources for the Alpine region" in close sustainable development of the Alps. concert with the Presidency of the Alpine Conference, representatives of the Contracting So far nine implementation protocols have been Parties and an ad-hoc working group of experts. adopted which determine sustainable develop­ Austria and Germany had the joint chairmanship ment in the Alps in more concrete terms and in the experts group. provide us with clear objectives, e.g. in the fields of: Results - regional planning, transport and tourism The report established that the Alpine water - nature conservation, mountain forests, moun­ resources are in a better state in all fields of tain farming and soil protection. investigation than the waters of the surrounding The protocols were signed by all member states non-Alpine regions. but only about half of the Contracting Parties have put them into force. It was, furthermore, established that there are no systematic deficits in the water sector relating to Now we have to take care that development in water management and that the detected pro­ the Alpine region takes place at a uniform pace: blems are covered by the scope of the Water an important element towards this end is the Framework Directive of the EU. Identified regio­ "Multi-Annual Work Programme of the Alpine nal and local water-related problems such as Conference for 2005 - 2010", adopted in water scarcity due to snow making in winter or 6 Waterbalance in the Alps low water levels left due to the use of hydropo­ can basically be rectified by improving local wer are issues for sound local or regional water water management. resources management. - A structural problem for the whole Alpine region was not determined. The report also indicates that further invest­ - The Alpine countries will have to commit them­ ments in the protection against natural hazards selves substantially over the next years to miti­ are indispensable. The Flood Management gate the impacts to date on water bodies and Directive of the EU and its requirements should their surroundings and develop them according be implemented without delay in the Alpine regi­ to nature conservation requirements. on and elsewhere. In the process nature conser­ - A special challenge in this respect will be the vation and biodiversity concerns have to be measures required to adapt to the impacts of taken into account. Moreover, an increasing climate change. emphasis has to be placed on prevention. The Alpine Convention has already helped to Many of these aspects have already been reali­ make substantial headway. However, now we sed in Bavaria: our flood management policy must not relent in our efforts for the Alpine regi­ focuses on: on. - natural retention - technical flood protection and In this context I am particularly thinking for - flood prevention. example of setting up a platform for the exchan­ ge of best practice examples. Working groups One look at the legal framework set out in the such as PLANALP (Platform on Natural Hazards Report on the Status of the Alps indicates that in the Alps) or EU INTEREG IVb projects such the legal basis is adequate. Supplementary as AdaptAlp contribute considerably to making domestic law provisions would not be desirable the wealth of experience of some Member and could even be counterproductive. States universally available, but it would serve everyone well if there were an even better In particular the EU Water Framework Directive opportunity to share best practice examples by in conjunction with the EU Flood Management organising exchanges of experts or excursions. Directive can be seen as a universally applicable instrument in this respect as it not only establis­ The draft Report on the State of the Alps on hes the up-stream - down-stream context, for Water Issues and the results obtained so far will example for the large trans-Alpine river systems be further discussed in this document.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the Alps, Richard Strauss's Alpine Symphony and Environmentalism
    Note: This is an expanded version of an article appearing in the journal Green Letters (2011); it is intended for a literary rather than musical readership, and the punctuation and spellings are British. The Alps, Richard Strauss’s Alpine Symphony and Environmentalism By Brooks Toliver Introduction After love and death, nature may well be European music’s preferred theme; it figures significantly in troubadour cansos, pastoral madrigals and operas, tone poems, impressionistic preludes, and elsewhere. In light of this it is puzzling how seldom actual nature is invoked in musical discourse. Composers—Richard Strauss among them—have been known to seek out nature in the manner of landscape painters, but there is no similar tradition among the critics, who ground nature-music and their judgments of it not in nature but in other music and criticism. When confronted with the vivid imagery of Strauss’s Alpine Symphony (1915), contemporaries wrote primarily of the aesthetics of vivid imagery, relegating the images themselves to the level of anecdote. Musicologists are quite adept at exploring the relationship of works to cultural constructions of nature, but relatively few have brought real environments into the discussion of canonical music. There has as yet been no serious consideration of how the Alps might be critical to an appreciation of the Alpine Symphony, nor has anyone theorized what the consequences of the Alpine Symphony might be for the Alps. Surely it is worth asking whether it metaphorically embodies sustaining or destructive relationships to the environment it represents, if it respects or disrespects nonhuman nature, and if love of nature is contingent on a symbolic domination of it, to name just three questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpine Sites and the UNESCO World Heritage Background Study
    Alpine Convention WG UNESCO World Heritage Background study Alpine Sites and the UNESCO World Heritage Background Study 15 August 2014 Alpine Convention WG UNESCO World Heritage Background study Executive Summary The UNESCO World Heritage Committee encouraged the States Parties to harmonize their Tentative Lists of potential World Heritage Sites at the regional and thematic level. Consequently, the UNESCO World Heritage Working Group of the Alpine Convention was mandated by the Ministers to contribute to the harmo- nization of the National Tentative Lists with the objective to increase the potential of success for Alpine sites and to improve the representation of the Alps on the World Heritage List. This Working Group mainly focuses on transboundary and serial transnational sites and represents an example of fruitful collaboration between two international conventions. This background study aims at collecting and updating the existing analyses on the feasibility of poten- tial transboundary and serial transnational nominations. Its main findings can be summarized in the following manner: - Optimal forum. The Alpine Convention is the optimal forum to support the harmonisation of the Tentative Lists and subsequently to facilitate Alpine nominations to the World Heritage List. - Well documented. The Alpine Heritage is well documented throughout existing contributions in particular from UNESCO, UNEP/WCMC, IUCN, ICOMOS, ALPARC and EURAC. The contents of these materials are synthesized, updated and presented in the present study. - Official sources. Only official sources, made publicly available by the UNESCO World Heritage Cen- tre, were used in this study. The Tentative Lists are not always completely updated or comparable and some entries await to be completed or revised.
    [Show full text]
  • 041 3Nstitute of Edith Engineers
    VOLUME MARCH, 1930 NUMBER 3 PROCEEDINGS of 041 3nstitute of Edith Engineers Form for Change of Mailing Address or Business Title on Page XLIX PROCEEDINGS OF Tbe 3n5titute of Rabto enginetr5 Volume 18 March, 1930 Num ber 3 Board of Editors, 1930 ALFRED N. GOLDSMITH, Chairman STUART BALLANTINE G. W. PICKARD RALPH BATCHER L. E. WHITTEMORE J. W. HORTON W. WILSON Contents Part I Page Frontispiece, Lieut. Col. A. G. Lee 364 Institute News and Radio Notes 365 Notice to Unpaid Members 365 February Meeting of Board of Direction 365 Radio Signal Transmissions of Standard Frequency. 366 Committee Work 366 Institute Meetings... 368 Part II Technical Papers Standardization in the Radio -Vacuum Field W. C. WHITE373 Graphs to Prof. Sommerfeld's Attenuation Formula for Radio Waves ... BRUNO ROLF 391 The Radio Plant of R. C. A. Communications, Inc... HARRY E. HALLBORG403 20 -40 -Kilowatt High -Frequency Transmitter I F. BYRNES AND J. B. COLEMAN 422 Power Output Characteristics of the Pentode STUART BALLANTINE AND H. L. COBB 450 Report on Experiments with Electric Waves of about 3 Meters:Their Propagation and Use. ABRAHAM ESATJ AND WALTER M. HAHNEMANN 471 Method and Apparatus Used at the Bureau of Standards in Testing Piezo Oscillators for Broadcast Stations E L. HALL 490 A German Common Frequency Broadcast System F. GERTH510 On a Double Hump Phenomenon of Current Through a Bridge across Parallel Lines EIJIRO TAKAGISHI513 Weather Forecasting by Signal Radio Intensity: Part I... R. C. COLWELL 533 A Method of Measuring the Radio -Frequency Resistance of an
    [Show full text]
  • EU Strategy for the Alpine Region
    BRIEFING EU strategy for the Alpine region SUMMARY Launched in January 2016, the European Union strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP) is the fourth and most recent macro-regional strategy to be set up by the European Union. One of the biggest challenges facing the seven countries and 48 regions involved in the EUSALP is that of securing sustainable development in the macro-region, especially in its resource-rich, but highly vulnerable core mountain area. The Alps are home to a vast array of animal and plant species and constitute a major water reservoir for Europe. At the same time, they are one of Europe's prime tourist destinations, and are crossed by busy European transport routes. Both tourism and transport play a key role in climate change, which is putting Alpine natural resources at risk. The European Parliament considers that the experience of the EUSALP to date proves that the macro-regional concept can be successfully applied to more developed regions. The Alpine strategy provides a good example of a template strategy for territorial cohesion; as it simultaneously incorporates productive areas, mountainous and rural areas, and some of the most important and highly developed cities in the EU. Although there is a marked gap between urban and rural mountainous areas, the macro-region shows a high level of socio-economic interdependence, confirmed by recent research. Disparities (in terms of funding and capacity) between participating countries, a feature that has caused challenges for other EU macro-regional strategies, are less of an issue in the Alpine region, but improvements are needed and efforts should be made in view of the new 2021-2027 programming period.
    [Show full text]
  • 21998A0207(01) Official Journal L 033 , 07/02/1998 P. 0022
    21998A0207(01) Protocol of Accession of the Principality of Monaco to the Convention on the Protection of the Alps Official Journal L 033 , 07/02/1998 p. 0022 - 0024 Dates: OF DOCUMENT: 20/12/1994 OF EFFECT: 00/00/0000; ENTRY INTO FORCE SEE ART 4.2 OF SIGNATURE: 20/12/1994; Chambry OF END OF VALIDITY: 99/99/9999 Authentic language: FRENCH ; GERMAN ; ITALIAN ; SLOVENIAN Author: FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY ; SPAIN ; AUSTRIA ; FRANCE ; ITALY ; LIECHTENSTEIN ; SLOVENIA ; SWITZERLAND ; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ; MONACO Subject matter: EXTERNAL RELATIONS ; ENVIRONMENT Directory code: 11306000 ; 15102000 EUROVOC descriptor: action programme ; cross-border cooperation ; environmental protection ; international convention ; Alpine Region ; Monaco Legal basis: 192E130S-P1............... ADOPTION 192E228-P2................ ADOPTION 192E228-P3L1.............. ADOPTION pd4ml evaluation copy. visit http://pd4ml.com Amendment to: 296A0312(01)......AMENDMENT..... COMPLETION TEXT FR DAT.ENT.FORCE 296A0312(01)......AMENDMENT..... COMPLETION ANN FR DAT.ENT.FORCE Amended by: ADOPTED-BY.... 398D0118.......... FR 16/12/97 PROTOCOL OF ACCESSION of the Principality of Monaco to the Convention on the Protection of the Alps THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA, THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC, THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN, THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA, THE SWISS CONFEDERATION, THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, Signatories to the Convention on the Protection of the Alps (Alpine Convention),on the one hand,and THE PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO,on the other, WHEREAS the Principality of Monaco has requested to become a Contracting Party to the Alpine Convention, IN THEIR DESIRE to ensure the protection of the Alps throughout theentire Alpine area, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1 pd4ml evaluation copy.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP) ITALIAN PRESIDENCY
    February 2019 EU Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP) ITALIAN PRESIDENCY 2019 Work Programme 1. Introduction: The Alpine Region1 The Alpine Region is among the largest natural, economic and productive areas in Europe, with over 80 million inhabitants, and among the most attractive tourist regions, welcoming millions of guests per year. While trade, businesses and industry in the Alpine Region are concentrated in the main areas of settlement on the outskirts of the Alps and in the large Alpine valleys along the major traffic routes, over 40 % of the Region is not or not permanently inhabited. Due to the Alpine Region’s unique geographic and natural characteristics, it is particularly affected by several of the challenges arising in the 21st century: Economic globalisation requires sustainable and continuously high competitiveness as well as the capacity to innovate; Demographic change leads to an ageing population and outward migration of highly qualified labour; Global climate change already has noticeable effects on the environment, biodiversity and living conditions for the inhabitants of the Alpine Region; A reliable and sustainable energy supply must be ensured in the parts of the Region which are difficult to access; As a transit region in the heart of Europe and due to its geographic features, the Alpine Region requires sustainable and custom-fit traffic concepts; The Alpine Region is to be preserved as a unique natural and cultural environment. 1 This description part comes from the Bavarian 2017 Work Programme 1 February 2019 The different characteristics of peripheral areas, centers of different sizes, and metropolises, require a dialogue on a basis of equality and the development of an alliance aimed at sustainable development while respecting its needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Schriftliche Anfrage Des Abgeordneten Florian Von Brunn SPD Vom 05.11.2020
    18. Wahlperiode 15.01.2021 Drucksache 18/11864 Schriftliche Anfrage des Abgeordneten Florian von Brunn SPD vom 05.11.2020 Verkehrschaos in den bayerischen Alpenlandkreisen II: Was tut die Staatsregie- rung in Kochel am See und am Walchensee? Der motorisierte Urlaubs- und Ausflugsverkehr, aber auch der Güterverkehr auf der Straße hat in den bayerischen Alpenlandkreisen in den letzten Jahren immer weiter zu- genommen. Die Corona-Pandemie hat dadurch, dass viele Menschen jetzt den „Urlaub zu Hause“ verbringen, die Situation noch weiter dramatisch verschärft. Diese Entwick- lung konterkariert nicht nur den dringend notwendigen Klimaschutz im Verkehrsbereich und führt zu erheblichen Belastungen mit Abgasen und Lärm für die Anwohnerinnen und Anwohner, sondern gefährdet dadurch auch die Grundlagen für erfolgreichen Tou- rismus. Diese negative Entwicklung wird, wie in einem Brennglas, beispielhaft in Ko- chel am See und am Walchensee deutlich. Ich frage die Staatsregierung: 1.) a Was haben Staatsregierung und zuständige Behörden bisher konkret unter- nommen, um die Verkehrsprobleme und den regelmäßigen Stau in Kochel am See und am Walchensee zu reduzieren und zu vermeiden? ........................ 2 ) b Wie hat sich die Beförderungskapazität der Bahn- und Buslinien in der Region um Walchen- und Kochelsee in den letzten zehn Jahren entwickelt? ... 3 ) c Wie hat sich der motorisierte Verkehr in der Region um Walchen- und Kochel- see in den letzten zehn Jahren entwickelt (bitte unter Berücksichtigung insbesondere auch von Ausflugs- und Güterverkehr)? ....................................... 3 2.) a Zu welchen Ergebnissen sind die von den zuständigen Behörden in Auf- trag gegeben Verkehrsstudien für Kochel und den Walchensee gekommen (bitte Ergebnisse der jeweiligen Studien der Antwort anfügen)? ........................ 4 ) b Welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, den öffentlichen Busverkehr in Kochel und am Walchensee zu beschleunigen und zu priorisieren? ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Alps
    Mapping the Alps Mapping the Alps Axel Borsdorf, Ulrike Tappeiner & Erich Tasser Electoral turnout in local elections (Tappeiner et al. 2008: 138). Introduction the demographic, economic and social structures? These issues have motivated the authors to create a set of maps At first glance it seems an easy task to create an atlas that would answer such questions and encourage read- of the Alps. From their school days everybody remem- ers to study the enormous structural differences and the bers the map of the alpine countries as found in any rapid spatial and social changes that affect the Alps in Central European school atlas. Take a closer look and particular. you begin to wonder: where exactly do the Alps begin? Nearly twenty years ago, the Alpine Convention Where do they end? Does orography provide sufficient started on the task of creating a monitoring and in- information on the spatial structure of the Alps? Are the formation system for the Alps, but because of political Alps static or do they not rather experience a variety of and data-technical problems this task has not been sat- changes in the nature of the land, the cultural landscape, isfactorily completed to date. One of the most serious 186 Axel Borsdorf, Ulrike Tappeiner & Erich Tasser problems was the harmonization of data that have been resources, but they also expose the hillsides and valleys defined in a variety of ways in the official statistics of to various dangers. individual Alpine states and moreover may have been The population in the Alps does not only face natu- gathered at different points in time.
    [Show full text]
  • Jahresbericht 1979Einhard Bezzel, Franz Lechner
    ©Ornithologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Werdenfels; download www.zobodat.at 7 Aus dem Institut für Vogelkunde der Bayer. Landesanstalt für Boden­ kultur und Pflanzenbau Zur Vogelwelt des Werdenfelser Landes: Jahresbericht 1979 von Einhard Bezzel und Franz Lechner Vorgang: Garmischer vogelkdl. Ber. 5, 1979: 39-46 Allgemeine Ergebnisse Zur Brutzeit 1979 wurden 179 der insgesamt 144o Planquadrate von je P 1 km wenigstens einmal begangen. 177 Arten wurden registriert, davon Säbelschnäbler und Ringschnabelente als neue Gäste. Zur bisherigen Artenliste kommen weiterhin der nachträglich publizierte Nachweis des Odinshühnchens 1976 und die Beobachtung eines Sanderlings 1977 hinzu. Damit erhöht sich die Zahl der nachgewiesenen Arten bis 31.12.1979 auf 259 (Zahl der Brutvögel 15o Arten). Bemerkenswerte Ereignisse: Neue Beobachtungen des Steinhuhns; all­ mähliche (W ieder-?)Einwanderung des Gartenbaumläufers in Garmisch- Partenkirchen; offenbar noch Ausbreitung des Birkenzeisigs im Voralpen­ land bzw. in den Tälern; neue Beobachtungen des Karmingimpels (aber noch kein Brutnachweis). Unter den negativen Ergebnissen ist besonders erwähnenswert, daß keine Beobachtungen von Zwergdommel, Turteltaube und Felsenschwalbe gelangen und auch Brutzeitfeststellungen von Hohl­ taube, Dorngrasmücke und Feldsperling fehlen. Die Wasservogelzählungen wurden an den wichtigsten Gewässern zu den internationalen Terminen durchgeführt. Mitarbeiter W. Berndt, E. Bezzel, Z. Bierling, R. Bless, K .H. Christmann, R. Dobner, H. Ellenberg, H. Farkaschovsky, F. Lechner, E. Franck, H. Greither, K. Gröschel, W. Hagen, H.-W . Helb, Janser, G. Kopeke, E.v. Krosigk, W. Kurth, H. Maier, S. Pöll, A. Remeeus, R. Sie­ brasse, U. Sorg, K. Stiel, G. Strobel, K. Storp, H. Utschick, J. Wenig, K. W itt, J. Wittenberg, W. Ziegler. ©Ornithologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Werdenfels; download www.zobodat.at 8 Liste der wichtigsten Beobachtungen Abkürzungen: BP = Brut paar r = regelmäßig IfV = Institut für Vogelkunde P r ac h 11 auc he r (Gavia arctica) : 8.1., 14.1., 2o.11., 4.12 je 1 , 25.11.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mountaineering Experience: Determining the Critical Factors and Assessing Management Practices
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2014-09-16 The Mountaineering Experience: Determining the Critical Factors and Assessing Management Practices Benjamin, Mary Wilder Benjamin, M. W. (2014). The Mountaineering Experience: Determining the Critical Factors and Assessing Management Practices (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/28251 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/1767 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Mountaineering Experience: Determining the Critical Factors and Assessing Management Practices by Mary Wilder Benjamin A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2014 © Mary Wilder Benjamin 2014 Abstract Recreational mountaineering is a complex pursuit that continues to evolve with respect to demographics, participant numbers, methods, equipment, and the nature of the experience sought. The activity often occurs in protected areas where agency managers are charged with the inherently conflicting mandate of protecting the natural environment and facilitating high quality recreational experiences. Effective management of such mountaineering environs is predicated on meaningful understanding of the users’ motivations, expectations and behaviours.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Mountain Areas in EU Member States, Acceding and Other European Countries
    Mountain Areas in Europe – Final Report 8. Mountain policies in Europe This chapter includes an overview and analyses of policies affecting the mountain areas of the countries considered in the report. In addition to information available from various European sources, this chapter and the next are derived from national- level information and SWOT analyses for the mountains of each country provided in the national reports. These were based on the synthesis and analysis of available information, and interviews with a total of 111 mountain actors (policy makers, representatives of professional organisations, elected people, researchers, Annex 2)1. The interviews utilised a questionnaire with closed and semi-open questions. In addition, European and supra-national organisations concerned with mountain issues were contacted with a similar set of questions as covered in the interviews. A wide range of public interventions is available to support development in European mountain areas. These interventions vary considerably, according not only to the importance and the diversity of these areas, but also to the institutional setting of each country (centralised, federal, EU Member States, acceding countries, others, etc.) – which is undergoing rapid change in most of the acceding and candidate countries, particularly with regard to integration. 8.1. National policies and instruments For the purposes of analysis, we address ‘mountain policies’ in the widest sense, including: • general measures and policies with a territorial impact relevant for some mountain issues (e.g., planning); • sectoral policies which have a particular effect on the development of mountain areas (e.g., agriculture, tourism policy); • relevant actions or programmes involving mountain zones (e.g., Interreg); • explicit measures and policies directed at mountain areas in order to meet their particular needs; • explicit integrated mountain policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Yearbook 2011/12
    A BOOK ABOUT THE OSKAR VON MILLER FORUM Yearbook 2011/12 Longitude 11°34‘30,71“ E in L latitude of es U Forum Miller von Oskar the about information eful MUNICH s Germany 75° EVENTS 2011/12 60° 113 LATITUDE 48°8‘45,32“ N 45° GUESTS 2011/12 30° 83 15° 0° H OME COUNTRIES TIME Zone 15° OF GUESTS MET 30° L ines of longitude 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120° 22 Time zone - 1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 HE MADE HISTORY, AND NOT ONLY OBSERVED AND COLLECTED IT. THEODOR HEUSS 04 ABOUT OSKAR VON MILLER PTROJEC SPONSORS T he Oskar von Miller Forum is sponsored by the Bavarian construction industry. 03 PROJECT SPONSORS R SESIDENT <?> T he Oskar von Miller Forum offers 54 students and 7 guest scientists excellently TEAM equipped living space in a <?> central location. 02 EENSV T RESIDENTS’ T he Oskar von Miller Forum IMPRESSIONS offers forward-looking <?> academic events in the field of construction. AN INTERNatIONAL NE TWORK RANGE OF EVENTS <?> 01 THE FORUM <?> A meeting point and inter- ALUMNI national guesthouse for CALENDAR OF <?> students, pupils from higher EVENTS level trade schools and <?> scientists in construction. GRADUATES <?> OUtstaNDING WELCOME ADDRESS EVENTS 4 <?> ARCHITECTURE 7 Oskar von Miller Forum The Oskar von Miller Forum – in the heart of Munich, located close to the Technische Universität München – Oskar von Miller is an international guest house and meeting point. FORUM As an independent educational initiative of the Bavarian construction industry, the Oskar von Miller Forum gives new stimulus to the training of civil engineers, architects and students from higher-level trade schools in the construction industry and supports them in their pursuit of an above-average professional qualification, in preparing them for an international career and in developing social skills.
    [Show full text]