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Environment Committee Significant Tree Listings 21. Darlinghurst © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-124 Significant Tree Listings 21.01 Green Park Address: Historical Notes Darlinghurst Road, Burton Street and Victoria Street, Green Park has high local significance as a rare public open Darlinghurst space in Darlinghurst which was dedicated in 1875. It is an Ownership Type: important townscape feature. The octagonal bandstand (1925), Park and the two memorials, the Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial Owner/ Controlling Authority: (2001) which commemorates gay men and women who lost their City of Sydney lives during World War II, and the memorial to Victor Chang Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) containing a canopied drinking fountain, are important elements c. 1880 within the park. The park was named after Alderman James Green who represented the district from 1869 to 1883. Scheduled Significant Trees The Green Park Group (including the bandstand pavilion, Qty Species Common Name perimeter fence and landscaping) is scheduled in the City of 8 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012, Sydney City Heritage Study and classified by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). 5 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palm The park also adjoins the ‘Victoria Streetscape Area’, an area of high streetscape value scheduled in the LEP. The park is considered to be significant as an integral component of this historic precinct. Description The Park is a rectangular-shaped parcel of public land in the centre of Darlinghurst, is bounded by Darlinghurst Road (west), Burton Street north), Victoria Street (east) and The Sacred Heart Palliative Care & Rehabilitation Centre (south). Green Park is defined by a typical structured treatment of informal row plantations to the boundaries with the City’s dominant native rainforest species, the Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla). The row planting along the street frontages of Burton Street (3 figs), Darlinghurst Road (2 figs) and south boundary (3 figs) form a particularly memorable stand of trees of massive scale and proportions. These specimens appear to pre-date an informal grove of five Washington Palms (Washingtonia robusta) and other mixed components which were possibly added during the latter parts of the Inter-War Period or early Post WWII period. The older group of Washington Palms are impressive specimens ranging up to 16-18 metres clear trunk height. Other components include Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis), Cliff Date Palm (Phoenix rupicola), Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera), London Planes (Platanus x acerifolia), Hill’s Weeping Figs (Ficus microcarpa var. hillii), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Cabbage Palms (Livistona australis) have also been added to the park in recent years. Figure 21.1.1 – The Moreton Bay Figs fronting Burton Street © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-125 Significant Tree Listings Statement of Significance Green Park contains a significant collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth century planting which further reinforces Darlinghurst’s historic character (refer to Darlinghurst Court House listing in this Register). This collection is likely to have important associations with Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden and is considered to have group significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of visual, and historic values. Figure 21.1.2 – The Washington Palms Figure 21.1.3 – The late 1800's planting define the character of this park © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-126 Significant Tree Listings 21.02 Darlinghurst Court House Address: Historical Notes 1026 Oxford Street, Taylor Square, The Darlinghurst Court House and Residence was originally Darlinghurst designed by the Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis. Building Ownership Type: was commenced in 1835 and was not completed until 1844. Govt/Institution/Other Later the Government Architect James Barnet designed major Owner/ Controlling Authority: flanking court room pavilion additions in 1884 - 88. This building NSW Attorney General's Department was a milestone building, being specifically designed to suit its Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) purpose and impart authority and the power of the law. c. 1890 It is a massive, heavily designed old colonial Grecian /Greek Scheduled Significant Trees revival style public building. It communicates its civic presence through its form. The symmetrical building uses elements of the Qty Species Common Name Greek temple form, having a fluted stone Doric columned portico 1 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig supporting a pedimented gable entrance to the central court, flanked by colonnaded wings which stand forward of the robust 3 Phoenix canariensis Canary Island Date Palm front elevations (State Heritage Register). The placement and scale of the trees in relation to the building reflect the buildings use and design. The planting date of the trees is unclear but the Fig is clearly visible in 1943 aerial photographs as a very large tree and it is likely to date from the time of the Barnet extensions in the late 1880's. This was also the time the Moreton Bay Fig was very commonly used, particularly in civic landscapes. It is likely Charles Moore influenced the selection. The Palms appear to be a later addition, probably from the Inter-War period. They are visible in 1930 aerial views of the site and 1947 photographs as young but well established specimens. Figure 21.2.1 – The Canary Island Date Palms Figure 21.2.2 – The Canary Island Date Palms in 1947 (Source: CoS Photo Archives) © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-127 Significant Tree Listings Description The Moreton Bay Fig is a single tree prominently located within the grounds of the Darlinghurst Court House on the corner of Darlinghurst Road. It has a height of 16m and spread of 15m. It has a trunk diameter of approximately 1.7m at 1m above the ground. It has been pruned for clearance to the buildings but is otherwise in fair health and condition. The tall Canary Island Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) are planted as an intentional grouping and are also located within the grounds of the Court House near the corner of Forbes Street. They have clear trunk heights of approximately 12m and appear to be in good health and condition. Statement of Significance The trees within the Darlinghurst Court House site are significant due to their association with the buildings and are reflective of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century planting which further reinforces Darlinghurst’s historic character (refer to nearby Green Park listing in this Register). The Courthouse is scheduled on the State Heritage Register. These trees are likely to have important associations with Charles Moore and Joseph Maiden and are considered to have individual significance at the City/ LGA level in terms of visual, and historic values. Figure 21.2.3 – The Moreton Bay Fig Figure 21.2.4 – The Moreton Bay Fig as viewed from Oxford Street © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-128 Significant Tree Listings 22. Elizabeth Bay © City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees 2013 - Draft for Council Adoption (May 2013) C-129 Significant Tree Listings 22.01 Beare Park Address: Historical Notes Ithaca Road and The Esplanade, A number of these trees and palms are garden remnants from Elizabeth Bay the grounds of the Elizabeth Bay House estate and gardens, Ownership Type: and specifically the grounds of William John Macleay’s Linnean Park Society of NSW Hall built in 1885 (see ‘Boomerang’ – NSW State Owner/ Controlling Authority: Heritage Inventory) and also the gardens of and St Monan’s City of Sydney (later Tudor) which was constructed in 1876 on Lot 54 of the 1875 Year of planting (of oldest item / if known) subdivision of Elizabeth Bay estate and its neighbour Holmesby. c. 1876 These trees relate to a much larger colonial collection of botanical specimens, now scattered across a number of land titles since Scheduled Significant Trees subdivision of the former estate (refer to 34A Billyard Avenue, 36 Billyard Avenue ‘Berthong’ and 42 Billyard Avenue ‘Boomerang’ Qty Species Common Name and Elizabeth Bay Road listings in this Register and City of 5 Washingtonia robusta Washington Palms Sydney 2006 Beare Park Plan of Management and Landscape Master Plan). In 1882-84 W Sparke, the owner of St Monan’s, 1 Araucaria bidwillii Bunya Pine extended the area of reclamation supported by a sea wall and had a large, ornate conservatory and a large bush house almost 1 Flindersia australis Crows Ash hidden by vegetation built on the lowest level of the garden, now Ficus microcarpa var. 1 Hills Weeping Fig occupied by Beare Park.The conservatory stood at the end of hillii ‘an avenue of Araucarias and assorted conifers, Jacarandas, Tecomas, Magnolia fuscata and Magnolia grandiflora.’( Morris, Lost gardens of Sydney, 2008, p97) The Araucarias were large open-crowned trees when photographed in 1905 although an engraving of the conservatory in 1884 depicts them as very young trees. Description The mature Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii), has achieved substantial proportions under favourable conditions of moisture, good soils and protection from strong winds. The species was first described in 1843 (Hooker, W.J.). It is a highly ornamental rainforest tree with a distinctive, broadly spreading canopy and dramatic silhouette. This species was a prized and valued component of mid- to late nineteenth century gardens and parkland but is now relatively uncommon within the City of Sydney LGA. It was often planted with other native Australian rainforest pines. By the mid-nineteenth century, the gardens of Macleay’s Elizabeth Bay House estate were widely recognised in the Colony for their exceptional range of native pines (Araucaria spp.), figs (Ficus spp.) and other rainforest species.
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