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Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam

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Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam A New Striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Title Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam Author(s) Nishikawa, Kanto; Matsui, Masafumi; Orlov, Nikolai L. Citation Current Herpetology (2012), 31(1): 28-37 Issue Date 2012-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/216841 Right © 2012 by The Herpetological Society of Japan Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Current Herpetology 31(1): 28–37, June 2012 doi 10.5358/hsj.31.28 © 2012 by The Herpetological Society of Japan A New Striped Ichthyophis (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Kon Tum Plateau, Vietnam 1 1 2 KANTO NISHIKAWA *, MASAFUMI MATSUI , AND NIKOLAI L. ORLOV 1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida- Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606–8501 JAPAN 2 Department of Herpetology and Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 119034, RUSSIA Abstract: A new striped Ichthyophis is described on the basis of three speci- mens collected from Kon Tum Plateau in central Vietnam. The new species is distinguished from all other striped congeners by a combination of characters that includes moderate body size and number of annuli, robust body and tail, broad and uninterrupted lateral stripe, tentacle far from eye, and small number of scale rows. The mitochondrial DNA sequence of the new species greatly differs from those of the other striped Ichthyophis from Indochina and its adjacent areas. Key words: Caecilian; Ichthyophis; Taxonomy; New species; Indochina INTRODUCTION been conducted. Only one ichthyophiid genus, Ichthyophis Vietnam is a major center of amphibian Fitzinger, 1826, has been recorded from Indoch- diversity in Indochina (Nguyen et al., 2009). ina. Species of this genus can be divided into two Even in this decade, many new species have groups; one with a pair of light cream or been described from that country every year yellow lateral stripes, and the other lacking (reviewed by Bain et al., 2007). Many taxo- such stripes. nomic studies have been conducted on In Vietnam, only one species of striped amphibians living in terrestrial, arboreal, and caecilian, Ichthyophis bannanicus Yang, 1984, aquatic habitats, but studies on fossorial has been recorded (Nguyen et al., 2009). How- caecilians (Gymnophiona) have been very ever, Gower et al. (2002) and Nishikawa et al. limited, just as in other countries of Southeast (2012) independently examined the molecular Asia (Nishikawa et al., 2012). Their basically phylogeny of Southeast Asian Ichthyophis secretive life under the ground has prevented (including Caudacaecilia Taylor, 1968) and collecting them in sufficient numbers for taxo- found two distinct lineages in Indochina. One, nomic studies even in countries like Vietnam, from southern China, northern Vietnam, where vigorous herpetological surveys have Laos, and northeastern Thailand, was identi- fied as I. bannanicus, but another from Kon * Corresponding author. TEL: +81–75–753–6848; Tum Plateau, central Vietnam, proved to be Fax: +81–75–753–2891; an unidentified Ichthyophis (Nishikawa et al., E-mail address: [email protected] 2012). The unidentified specimens share a NISHIKAWA ET AL.—A NEW CAECILIAN FROM VIETNAM 29 distinct combination of morphological charac- nial teeth (SP); and vertebrae (VER). The teristics that distinguish them from all other number of vertebrae was counted from a soft striped Ichthyophis. We, thus, describe the X-ray photograph using Fuji Medical X-Ray specimens as a new species. Film (RX-U). MATERIALS AND METHODS SYSTEMATICS Field surveys were made in Kon Plong Ichthyophis nguyenorum sp. nov. District, Kon Tum Province, central Vietnam. (Figs. 1–3) After tissues were taken for genetic analysis, specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, then Ichthyophis sp.: Gower et al., 2002, p. 1566. preserved in 70% ethanol, and stored in the Ichthyophis bannanicus: Nguyen et al., Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sci- 2009, p. 191–192 (part). ences, St. Petersburg (ZISP), the Graduate Ichthyophis sp. 2: Nishikawa et al., 2012, p. 717. School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University (KUHE), and the Vietnam Diagnosis National Museum of Nature (VNMN). Ichthyophis with broad and uninterrupted We measured the following morphometric lateral stripes extending from near eye and characters to the nearest 0.1 mm with a dial tentacle to the posterior end of vent; body caliper, based on Kupfer and Müller (2004) uniformly slate above, lilac below. Total and Nishikawa et al. (2008) with a minor lengths of three adult females 256.5–306.5 mm; modification: total length (TL); head length TL/BWM ratio 21.7–24.9; tail shorter (2.5– (HL) from tip of snout to first collar groove, 3.1 mm) than wide (3.4–4.3 mm); annuli 312– measured dorsally; trunk length (TRL) from 318 of which four in tail; 27–37 premaxillary- first collar groove to posterior end of vent; tail maxillopalatine, 23–28 vomeropalatine, 24–28 length (TAL) from posterior end of vent to tail dentary, 21–25 splenial teeth. TND/ETD tip; vent length (VL); snout length (SL) from ratio 1.6–1.8. Scales from anteriormost 10th tip of snout to jaw angle; lower jaw length to 15th annuli to end of body, number of rows (LJL) from tip of lower jaw to jaw angle; increasing in posterior annuli up to four. snout-2nd collar groove length (S2CL), mea- sured ventrally; snout-3rd collar groove length Holotype (S3CL), measured dorsally; 1st collar length ZISP 10711 (field number ZISP 39430), an (1CL), measured laterally; 2nd collar length adult female (Figs. 1–3) from Mang Canh (2CL), measured laterally; head width (HW) Village, Kon Plong District, Kon Tum Prov- at jaw angle; maximum head width (MXHW); ince, Vietnam (14°41'18'' N, 108°19'28'' E, body width at middle (BWM); tail width at 1200 m asl), collected by Nikolai L. Orlov on posterior vent (TAW); lateral stripe width at 20 April 2006. middle (LSWM); interorbital distance (IOD); intertentacle distance (ITD); internarial distance Paratypes (IND); eye-nostril distance (END); eye-tentacle Two adult females: KUHE 55007 (field distance (ETD); tentacle-nostril distance (TND); number ZISP 39442) collected by Nikolai and eye-jaw angle distance (EJD). Orlov on 18 April 2006 and VNMN 3481 We also counted the following meristic char- (field number ZISP 39982) collected by acters: total annuli (TA); annuli interrupted by Nikolai L. Orlov on 22 April 2006 at same vent (VA); post-vent annuli (PVA); dorsal locality as the holotype. The GenBank acces- transverse grooves on 2nd collar (DTG); sion numbers of sequences of KUHE 55007 premaxillary-maxillary teeth (PMM); vomero- are AB686104 (cytochrome b) and AB686169 palatine teeth (VP); dentary teeth (DE); sple- (12S-16S rRNA). 30 Current Herpetol. 31(1) 2012 FIG. 1. Holotype of Ichthyophis nguyenorum sp. nov. (ZISP 10711) in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. The tag attached shows the ZISP field number. Scale=10 mm. Description of holotype (measurements in view; first collar groove evident as constriction mm) separating head and trunk, curving slightly Moderate sized (TL 306.5); body subcylin- anteriorly towards dorsal midline, where drical, slightly depressed dorsoventrally, taper- groove becoming incomplete and tips sepa- ing posteriorly, more abruptly at about one rated; second collar groove evident ventrally fifth of body, ending in blunt tail tip, lacking but not apparent dorsally, parallel to first nipple-like terminal cap; head widened slightly groove laterally, fading out near upper margin around jaw angle and narrowing anteriorly; of lateral stripe; third collar groove not clearly snout rounded anterior to tentacles, slightly differentiated from anteriormost annular longer (8.9) than lower jaw (8.4); intertentacle grooves of trunk and dorsal transverse grooves distance (6.5) larger than interorbital distance on second collar, but recognized as first groove (5.6), in turn much larger than internarial crossing lateral to ventral body; third groove distance (2.5); eye slightly protruded, almost dorsally complete, curving slightly anteriorly midway between top of head and edge of towards dorsal midline, but tips separated mouth in lateral view, slightly inset from edge midventrally; two dorsal transverse grooves on of head in dorsal view; tentacle less than twice second collar. as far from nostril than eye (TND/ETD=1.8); Annular count 318; annular grooves com- eye-jaw angle distance (3.2) larger than eye- plete dorsally, but narrowly separate ventrally tentacle distance (2.0), but slightly smaller except for posterior one tenth of body; than tentacle-nostril distance (3.5); tentacle dorsally, annual grooves curving slightly ante- very close to edge of mouth, long and thin in riorly towards midline on anterior one-fourth life, tip slightly protruding from tentacular of body and nearly orthoplicate on posterior sheath in preservative; second collar (4.4) three-fourths of body; ventrally, grooves longer than first collar (3.3); nostril positioned strongly angulate posteriorly towards midline, closely at anterior margin of mouth in dorsal degree of curvature decreasing posteriorly to and lateral views. becoming orthoplicate at ca. one-tenth of Collar region slightly wider than head and body. Scales found on posterior nine-tenths of anterior body in dorsal and ventral views, not body, number of rows tending to increase in higher than head and anterior body in lateral posterior annuli up to three. NISHIKAWA ET AL.—A NEW CAECILIAN FROM VIETNAM 31 Longitudinal vent surrounded by small and Teeth on premaxillary-maxillopalatine
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