Reproduction and Larval Rearing of Amphibians
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Defining the Molecular Pathologies in Cloaca Malformation: Similarities Between Mouse and Human Laura A
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Disease Models & Mechanisms (2014) 7, 483-493 doi:10.1242/dmm.014530 RESEARCH ARTICLE Defining the molecular pathologies in cloaca malformation: similarities between mouse and human Laura A. Runck1, Anna Method1, Andrea Bischoff2, Marc Levitt2, Alberto Peña2, Margaret H. Collins3, Anita Gupta3, Shiva Shanmukhappa3, James M. Wells1,4 and Géraldine Guasch1,* ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Anorectal malformations are congenital anomalies that form a Anorectal malformations are congenital anomalies that encompass spectrum of disorders, from the most benign type with excellent a wide spectrum of diseases and occur in ~1 in 5000 live births functional prognosis, to very complex, such as cloaca malformation (Levitt and Peña, 2007). The anorectal and urogenital systems arise in females in which the rectum, vagina and urethra fail to develop from a common transient embryonic structure called the cloaca that separately and instead drain via a single common channel into the exists from the fourth week of intrauterine development in humans perineum. The severity of this phenotype suggests that the defect (Fritsch et al., 2007; Kluth, 2010) and between days 10.5-12.5 post- occurs in the early stages of embryonic development of the organs fertilization in mice (Seifert et al., 2008). By the sixth week in derived from the cloaca. Owing to the inability to directly investigate humans the embryonic cloaca is divided, resulting in a ventral human embryonic cloaca development, current research has relied urogenital sinus and a separate dorsal hindgut. By the twelfth week, on the use of mouse models of anorectal malformations. However, the anal canal, vaginal and urethral openings are established. -
Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System
18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 519 CHAPTER 18 Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System HEATHER L. BOWLES, DVM, D ipl ABVP-A vian , Certified in Veterinary Acupuncture (C hi Institute ) Reproductive Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology FORMATION OF THE AVIAN GONADS AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY The avian gonads arise from more than one embryonic source. The medulla or core arises from the meso- nephric ducts. The outer cortex arises from a thickening of peritoneum along the root of the dorsal mesentery within the primitive gonadal ridge. Mesodermal germ cells that arise from yolk-sac endoderm migrate into this gonadal ridge, forming the ovary. The cells are initially distributed equally to both sides. In the hen, these germ cells are then preferentially distributed to the left side, and migrate from the right to the left side as well.58 Some avian species do in fact have 2 ovaries, including the brown kiwi and several raptor species. Sexual differ- entiation begins by day 5 in passerines and domestic fowl and by day 11 in raptor species. Differentiation of the ovary is characterized by development of the cortex, while the medulla develops into the testis.30,58 As the embryo develops, the germ cells undergo three phases of oogenesis. During the first phase, the oogonia actively divide for a defined time period and then stop at the first prophase of the first maturation division. During the second phase, the germ cells grow in size to become primary oocytes. This occurs approximately at the time of hatch in domestic fowl. During the third phase, oocytes complete the first maturation division to 18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 520 520 Clinical Avian Medicine - Volume II become secondary oocytes. -
Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
BOA2.1 Caecilian Biology and Natural History.Key
The Biology of Amphibians @ Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) 2.1: Introduction to Caecilians Microcaecilia dermatophaga Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia There are more than 20 synapomorphies (shared characters) uniting the group Lissamphibia Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Integumen is Glandular Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Glandular Skin, with 2 main types of glands. Mucous Glands Aid in cutaneous respiration, reproduction, thermoregulation and defense. Granular Glands Secrete toxic and/or noxious compounds and aid in defense Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Pedicellate Teeth crown (dentine, with enamel covering) gum line suture (fibrous connective tissue, where tooth can break off) basal element (dentine) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Sacral Vertebrae Sacral Vertebrae Connects pelvic girdle to The spine. Amphibians have no more than one sacral vertebrae (caecilians have none) Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Amphicoelus Vertebrae Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Opercular apparatus Unique to amphibians and Operculum part of the sound conducting mechanism Synapomorphies of Lissamphibia Fat Bodies Surrounding Gonads Fat Bodies Insulate gonads Evolution of Amphibians † † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus Anura (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) Salientia Batrachia Lissamphibia -
Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? ............................................................................. -
Avian Reproductive System—Male
eXtension Avian Reproductive System—Male articles.extension.org/pages/65373/avian-reproductive-systemmale Written by: Dr. Jacquie Jacob, University of Kentucky An understanding of the male avian reproductive system is useful for anyone who breeds chickens or other poultry. One remarkable aspect of the male avian reproductive system is that the sperm remain viable at body temperature. Consequently, the avian male reproductive tract is entirely inside the body, as shown in Figure 1. In this way, the reproductive system of male birds differs from that of male mammals. The reproductive tract in male mammals is outside the body because mammalian sperm does not remain viable at body temperature. Fig. 1. Location of the male reproductive system in a chicken. Source: Jacquie Jacob, University of Kentucky. Parts of the Male Chicken Reproductive System In the male chicken, as with other birds, the testes produce sperm, and then the sperm travel through a vas deferens to the cloaca. Figure 2 shows the main components of the reproductive tract of a male chicken. Fig. 2. Reproductive tract of a male chicken. Source: Jacquie Jacob, University of Kentucky. The male chicken has two testes, located along the chicken's back, near the top of the kidneys. The testes are elliptical and light yellow. Both gonads (testes) are developed in a male chicken, whereas a female chicken has only one mature gonad (ovary). Another difference between the sexes involves sperm production versus egg production. A rooster continues to produce new sperm while it is sexually mature. A female chicken, on the other hand, hatches with the total number of ova it will ever have; that is, no new ova are produced after a female chick hatches. -
The Caecilians of the World: a Taxonomic Review by Edward Harrison Taylor Review By: Marvalee H
The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review by Edward Harrison Taylor Review by: Marvalee H. Wake Copeia, Vol. 1969, No. 1 (Mar. 6, 1969), pp. 216-219 Published by: American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1441738 . Accessed: 25/03/2014 11:09 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Copeia. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 192.188.55.3 on Tue, 25 Mar 2014 11:09:44 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 216 COPEIA, 1969, NO. 1 three year period, some of the latter per- add-not only the Indo-Pacific, but this Indo- sonally by Munro. The book must be used Australian archipelago, the richest area in in conjunction with the checklist "The the world for marine fish species, badly needs Fishes of the New Guinea Region" (Papua more work of this high calibre.-F. H. TAL- and New Guinea Agr. J. 10:97-339, 1958), BOT, Australian Museum, 6-8 College Street, a sizable work in itself, including a full list Sydney, Australia. -
Ecology of Ichthyophis Bombayensis (Gymnophiona : Amphibia) from Koyana Region, Maharashtra, India
Biological Forum — An International Journal, 2(1): 14-17(2010) ISSN : 0975-1130 Ecology of Ichthyophis bombayensis (Gymnophiona : Amphibia) from Koyana region, Maharashtra, India B.V. Jadhav Department of Zoology, Balasaheb Desai College, Patan, Maharashtra INDIA ABSTRACT : The survey was conducted in Koyana region of northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra from June 2004 to October 2008. Western Ghats of India is well known biodiversity hotspot. Ichthyophis bombayensis was encountered in different habitats of Koyana region at altitude between 500 to 630 m above the sea level. We studied the rain fall, temperature of soil and air, pH of soil, altitude, latitude, longitude and different habitats, in which Ichthyophis inhabited and analyzed the soil samples of three spots and found that soil become red and porous due to rich iron content and exclusively become acidic. Keywords : Ichthyophis bombayensis, ecology, Western Ghats, Koyana, INTRODUCTION investigate here the new habitats and studied its related The order Gymnophiona includes limbless, girdle less ecological parameters of Ichthyophis bombayensis of and burrowing amphibians commonly called as caecilians. northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra from Koyana region. They are reported from several areas in Asia, Africa and South and Central America (Taylor 1968). India is suppose MATERIAL AND METHODS to be home of many caecilians, it includes four genera belong We conducted survey in Koyana region of Patan Tehsil from June 2004 to October 2008 as a part to the study of to three families. Caecilians have exclusively secretive and caecilians i.e., Ichthyophis. We randomly selected 20 spots burrowing life in soil for in search of food (Gundappa run parallel to Koyana River and Chiplun- Karad state et. -
Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Myanmar
Zootaxa 3785 (1): 045–058 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7EF35A95-5C75-4D16-8EE4-F84934A80C2A A new species of striped Ichthyophis Fitzinger, 1826 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Ichthyophiidae) from Myanmar MARK WILKINSON1,5, BRONWEN PRESSWELL1,2, EMMA SHERRATT1,3, ANNA PAPADOPOULOU1,4 & DAVID J. GOWER1 1Department of Zoology!, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK 2Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin New Zealand 3Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cam- bridge, MA 02138, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 41809, USA 5Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ! Currently the Department of Life Sciences Abstract A new species of striped ichthyophiid caecilian, Ichthyophis multicolor sp. nov., is described on the basis of morpholog- ical and molecular data from a sample of 14 specimens from Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The new species resembles superficially the Indian I. tricolor Annandale, 1909 in having both a pale lateral stripe and an adjacent dark ventrolateral stripe contrasting with a paler venter. It differs from I. tricolor in having many more annuli, and in many details of cranial osteology, and molecular data indicate that it is more closely related to other Southeast Asian Ichthyophis than to those of South Asia. The caecilian fauna of Myanmar is exceptionally poorly known but is likely to include chikilids as well as multiple species of Ichthyophis. -
North Central Waterwatch Frogs Field Guide
North Central Waterwatch Frogs Field Guide “This guide is an excellent publication. It strikes just the right balance, providing enough information in a format that is easy to use for identifying our locally occurring frogs, while still being attractive and interesting to read by people of all ages.” Rodney Orr, Bendigo Field Naturalists Club Inc. 1 The North Central CMA Region Swan Hill River Murray Kerang Cohuna Quambatook Loddon River Pyramid Hill Wycheproof Boort Loddon/Campaspe Echuca Watchem Irrigation Area Charlton Mitiamo Donald Rochester Avoca River Serpentine Avoca/Avon-Richardson Wedderburn Elmore Catchment Area Richardson River Bridgewater Campaspe River St Arnaud Marnoo Huntly Bendigo Avon River Bealiba Dunolly Loddon/Campaspe Dryland Area Heathcote Maryborough Castlemaine Avoca Loddon River Kyneton Lexton Clunes Daylesford Woodend Creswick Acknowledgement Of Country The North Central Catchment Management Authority (CMA) acknowledges Aboriginal Traditional Owners within the North Central CMA region, their rich culture and their spiritual connection to Country. We also recognise and acknowledge the contribution and interests of Aboriginal people and organisations in the management of land and natural resources. Acknowledgements North Central Waterwatch would like to acknowledge the contribution and support from the following organisations and individuals during the development of this publication: Britt Gregory from North Central CMA for her invaluable efforts in the production of this document, Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority for allowing use of their draft field guide, Lydia Fucsko, Adrian Martins, David Kleinert, Leigh Mitchell, Peter Robertson and Nick Layne for use of their wonderful photos and Mallee Catchment Management Authority for their design support and a special thanks to Ray Draper for his support and guidance in the development of the Frogs Field Guide 2012. -
<I>Salamandra Salamandra</I>
International Journal of Speleology 46 (3) 321-329 Tampa, FL (USA) September 2017 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Subterranean systems provide a suitable overwintering habitat for Salamandra salamandra Monika Balogová1*, Dušan Jelić2, Michaela Kyselová1, and Marcel Uhrin1,3 1Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia 2Croatian Institute for Biodiversity, Lipovac I., br. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 3Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Praha, Czech Republic Abstract: The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) has been repeatedly noted to occur in natural and artificial subterranean systems. Despite the obvious connection of this species with underground shelters, their level of dependence and importance to the species is still not fully understood. In this study, we carried out long-term monitoring based on the capture-mark- recapture method in two wintering populations aggregated in extensive underground habitats. Using the POPAN model we found the population size in a natural shelter to be more than twice that of an artificial underground shelter. Survival and recapture probabilities calculated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model were very constant over time, with higher survival values in males than in females and juveniles, though in terms of recapture probability, the opposite situation was recorded. In addition, survival probability obtained from Cormack-Jolly-Seber model was higher than survival from POPAN model. The observed bigger population size and the lower recapture rate in the natural cave was probably a reflection of habitat complexity. -
Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians ∗ R
Syst. Biol. 63(5):779–797, 2014 © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected] DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syu042 Advance Access publication June 19, 2014 Biogeographic Analysis Reveals Ancient Continental Vicariance and Recent Oceanic Dispersal in Amphibians ∗ R. ALEXANDER PYRON Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; ∗ Correspondence to be sent to: Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; E-mail: [email protected]. Received 13 February 2014; reviews returned 17 April 2014; accepted 13 June 2014 Downloaded from Associate Editor: Adrian Paterson Abstract.—Amphibia comprises over 7000 extant species distributed in almost every ecosystem on every continent except Antarctica. Most species also show high specificity for particular habitats, biomes, or climatic niches, seemingly rendering long-distance dispersal unlikely. Indeed, many lineages still seem to show the signature of their Pangaean origin, approximately 300 Ma later. To date, no study has attempted a large-scale historical-biogeographic analysis of the group to understand the distribution of extant lineages. Here, I use an updated chronogram containing 3309 species (~45% of http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/ extant diversity) to reconstruct their movement between 12 global ecoregions. I find that Pangaean origin and subsequent Laurasian and Gondwanan fragmentation explain a large proportion of patterns in the distribution of extant species. However, dispersal during the Cenozoic, likely across land bridges or short distances across oceans, has also exerted a strong influence.