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The Regions of Spain
© 2017 American University Model United Nations Conference All rights reserved. No part of this background guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever without express written permission from the American University Model United Nations Conference Secretariat. Please direct all questions to [email protected] A NOTE Julia Clark Chair Estimats Diputats del Parlament de Catalunya, Dear Diputats of the Parliament of Catalonia, My name is Julia Clark and I’ll be serving as your Chair for the Parliament of Catalonia. I cannot wait to meet all of you in February. Time is of the essence and the Catalan Republic needs creating! As for a little bit about myself: MUN is my life! Last year, I served on the AmeriMUNC Secretariat as the Charges D’Affaires and currently I am an Assistant Head Delegate of the AU Model United Nations competitive travel team. I have done MUN for seven years, competing at 24 conferences across the US and Canada, and I once chaired a conference in the Netherlands! I’m proud to say that AmeriMUNC will be my eighth time chairing. Outside of MUN, I am also the President of my sorority, Phi Mu. If you have any questions about greek life or collegiate MUN, I’d love to chat via email or at the conference. I’m personally very excited to be forming our own new nation, the Catalan Republic. I just studied abroad for four months in Madrid, Spain and was at the center of the real life action surrounding the Catalan independence movement. -
Catalonia, Spain and Europe on the Brink: Background, Facts, And
Catalonia, Spain and Europe on the brink: background, facts, and consequences of the failed independence referendum, the Declaration of Independence, the arrest and jailing of Catalan leaders, the application of art 155 of the Spanish Constitution and the calling for elections on December 21 A series of first in history. Examples of “what is news” • On Sunday, October 1, Football Club Barcelona, world-known as “Barça”, multiple champion in Spanish, European and world competitions in the last decade, played for the first time since its foundation in 1899 at its Camp Nou stadium, • Catalan independence leaders were taken into custody in “sedition and rebellion” probe • Heads of grassroots pro-secession groups ANC and Omnium were investigated over September incidents Results • Imprisonment of Catalan independence leaders gives movement new momentum: • Asamblea Nacional Catalana (Jordi Sànchez) and • Òmnium Cultural (Jordi Cuixart), • Thousands march against decision to jail them • Spain’s Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law • Key background: • The Catalan Parliament had passed two laws • One would attempt to “disengage” the Catalan political system from Spain’s constitutional order • The second would outline the bases for a “Republican Constitution” of an independent Catalonia The Catalan Parliament factions • In the Parliament of Catalonia, parties explicitly supporting independence are: • Partit Demòcrata Europeu Català (Catalan European Democratic Party; PDeCAT), formerly named Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya -
Uef-Spinelli Group
UEF-SPINELLI GROUP MANIFESTO 9 MAY 2021 At watershed moments in history, communities need to adapt their institutions to avoid sliding into irreversible decline, thus equipping themselves to govern new circumstances. After the end of the Cold War the European Union, with the creation of the monetary Union, took a first crucial step towards adapting its institutions; but it was unable to agree on a true fiscal and social policy for the Euro. Later, the Lisbon Treaty strengthened the legislative role of the European Parliament, but again failed to create a strong economic and political union in order to complete the Euro. Resulting from that, the EU was not equipped to react effectively to the first major challenges and crises of the XXI century: the financial crash of 2008, the migration flows of 2015- 2016, the rise of national populism, and the 2016 Brexit referendum. This failure also resulted in a strengthening of the role of national governments — as shown, for example, by the current excessive concentration of power within the European Council, whose actions are blocked by opposing national vetoes —, and in the EU’s chronic inability to develop a common foreign policy capable of promoting Europe’s common strategic interests. Now, however, the tune has changed. In the face of an unprecedented public health crisis and the corresponding collapse of its economies, Europe has reacted with unity and resolve, indicating the way forward for the future of European integration: it laid the foundations by starting with an unprecedented common vaccination strategy, for a “Europe of Health”, and unveiled a recovery plan which will be financed by shared borrowing and repaid by revenue from new EU taxes levied on the digital and financial giants and on polluting industries. -
Uef-Spinelli Group
UEF-SPINELLI GROUP MANIFESTO 9 MAY 2021 At watershed moments in history, communities need to adapt their institutions to avoid sliding into irreversible decline, thus equipping themselves to govern new circumstances. After the end of the Cold War the European Union, with the creation of the monetary Union, took a first crucial step towards adapting its institutions; but it was unable to agree on a true fiscal and social policy for the Euro. Later, the Lisbon Treaty strengthened the legislative role of the European Parliament, but again failed to create a strong economic and political union in order to complete the Euro. Resulting from that, the EU was not equipped to react effectively to the first major challenges and crises of the XXI century: the financial crash of 2008, the migration flows of 2015- 2016, the rise of national populism, and the 2016 Brexit referendum. This failure also resulted in a strengthening of the role of national governments — as shown, for example, by the current excessive concentration of power within the European Council, whose actions are blocked by opposing national vetoes —, and in the EU’s chronic inability to develop a common foreign policy capable of promoting Europe’s common strategic interests. Now, however, the tune has changed. In the face of an unprecedented public health crisis and the corresponding collapse of its economies, Europe has reacted with unity and resolve, indicating the way forward for the future of European integration: it laid the foundations by starting with an unprecedented common vaccination strategy, for a “Europe of Health”, and unveiled a recovery plan which will be financed by shared borrowing and repaid by revenue from new EU taxes levied on the digital and financial giants and on polluting industries. -
Activities and Statements Since the Previous
ACTIVITIES AND STATEMENTS OF THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL From the Barcelona Council in November 2017 to the Geneva Council in June 2018 SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL, PO BOX 67973, LONDON SW4 4DU UNITED KINGDOM T: (44 20) 7627 4449 | Email: [email protected] www.socialistinternational.org Council Meeting of the SI Council in Barcelona, Spain 24-25 November 2017 The Council of the Socialist International met on 24-25 November in Barcelona, hosted by its member party in Spain, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, PSOE. Delegations from all continents, representing SI member parties and invited guests, gathered to discuss three main themes: Building the future with the left: democracy, equality and solidarity; Working for stability and peace in a world of multiple conflicts; and Promoting human responses to humanitarian crises. At the opening of the meeting, SI Secretary General Luis Ayala outlined the importance of the themes to be discussed and their significance for the socialist movement. He was pleased that the SI had delivered on its commitment to meet in Barcelona, saying that the SI was here to listen, understand and support the efforts of the socialists in Catalonia and Spain, at the side of Pedro Sanchez, leader of the PSOE, and Miquel Iceta, First Secretary of the Socialist Party of Cataluña. He noted with satisfaction that 2017 had been a year in which the SI had reaffirmed its commitments in face of global challenges, following on from the XXV Congress in Cartagena in March. Its member parties were motivated by a shared conviction that our principles, values, and politics, the way we understand them, are crucial in our common struggle for greater equality, justice and solidarity. -
The Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Catalonia, 2017: Strategies of Legitimation in Political Discourses
The Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Catalonia, 2017: strategies of legitimation in political discourses. Ramir Rabaza Jiménez European Studies Bachelor Thesis 15 Credits Spring 2020 Supervisor: Fredrik Lindström 1 Abstract: The relation between the Catalan nationalist forces as well as the other sub-nationalisms and the Spanish Government has been a matter discussed throughout all the Spanish democracy. In recent years the challenge to the Spanish state set by the Catalan government when taking a unilateral approach on Independence has resulted in the imprisonment and exile of political leaders. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the events that occurred in Catalonia after the Catalan elections of 2015 and the unilateral approach on self-determination taken by the Catalan Autonomous Government with the promise of a binding referendum. The laws passed by the Catalan government which were rejected by the Constitutional Court, as the law itself denied the authority of the Constitutional Court and declared independence. This resulted in the application of the 155th article of the Spanish Constitution, suspending autonomous government, to enforce the Constitutional Court’s resolutions by the Spanish government. The essay will focus on the discourses given by politicians to criticize or justify these actions, analysed through theoretical and political normative perspectives. Keywords: Spain, Catalonia, autonomy, referendum, sovereignty, constitutionalism, self- determination, secession, independence, sub-nationalisms. 2 Table of -
GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA Joint Crisis: Spanish Constitutional Crisis (2017) Chaired by Hana Kadir
GENERALITAT DE CATALUNYA Joint Crisis: Spanish Constitutional Crisis (2017) Chaired by Hana Kadir Session XXIII Generalitat de Catalunya Joint Crisis: Spanish Constitutional Crisis of 2017 Topic A: Catalan Peoples' Right to Nationhood/Right to Vote for Independence Topic B: A New Catalunya Within the EU Committee Overview Parliamentary Procedure Following the ratification of the This committee will operate under Spanish Constitution in 1978, the standard parliamentary procedure. relationship between the Spanish state and Unmoderated caucuses will be used to allow Catalonia has been complex and oftentimes delegates to develop new ideas. Committee- contentious. Catalonia’s continuous struggle wide action will be taken through directives, for greater political and economic freedom which can be written by any delegate. has been a recurring point of dispute Communication between delegates can be between the two governments. The turning achieved through the use of communiqués. point in this conflict finally occurred in 2017, Throughout the committee, various crises when the government of Catalonia declared will be given to the delegates to address in a referendum on the question of Catalan real-time. Delegates may communicate with independence. The Spanish government’s other committee members, the chair, and the subsequent response to the referendum – joint Spain committee though crisis notes. declaring it illegal and using brute force to Each delegate will be representing a real stop it – was perceived as unnecessarily person who has importance in Catalonia. aggressive and illiberal, further The delegates are expected to do extensive complicating relations between the two research into their assigned person and their governments. The conflict has progressively portfolio powers. -
The Strategy of Confrontation
1 REPORT ON DEMOCRACY IN SPAIN/ 2007 The Strategy of Confrontation SUMMARY The development of a strategy of confrontation as a method for The Different politically debilitating the governing Levels of Government socialists is the central conclusion of the first Report on Democracy in Government and its Citizens Spain, relevant to the year 2006. This The Different strategy of confrontation has affected Levels of Government the workings of democracy in a very The Justice direct way on three different levels: the Administration relationship between the government Political Power – Economic Power and the opposition; everyday life of Pluralism and some institutions central to the system; Independence in the Media and, finally, the coexistence of citizens, with the creation of a divisive The Impact of Corruption on situation among them. Democracy 2 3 In order to produce this Report on Democracy in Spain, Laboratorio Fundación Alternativas assigned a Advisory Board who, joining to the report director, have agreed orientation and design through several sessions, being aware of every paper in process and proposals of final documents. A research team employed by Laboratorio Alternativas has done the collection and selection of information, production of relevant data and the start essay of the different chapters that compound the Report, CONSEJO ASESOR INVESTIGADORES * Estefanía Moreira, Joaquín Bacigalupo Saggese, Mariano Director del Informe Arango Vila-Velda, Joaquín Barreiro Pérez-Pardo, Belén Barreiro Pérez-Pardo, Belén Criado, Olmos, Henar Lafuente Félez, Alberto Fernández Seijo, José María Leguina Villa, Jesús González de la Vega, Ignacio U Maravall Herrero, José María Jiménez Sánchez, Fernando Ontiveros Baeza, Emilio León Alfonso, Sandra Pradera Cortázar, Javier Lledó Callejón, Pablo Sánchez-Cuenca, Ignacio Mulas Granados, Carlos Santamaría Osorio, Julián Ruiz-Rufino, Rubén Eguiagaray Ucelay, Juan Manuel Director Laboratorio de Alternativas Ortiz Vicente, Javier Subdirector Laboratorio de Alternativas EDICIÓN: Fernando Pedrós. -
Moments Del Socialisme Català
Moments del socialisme català Josep M. Sala Febrer 2020 © d’aquesta edició: Fundació Rafael Campalans Pallars 191 08005 Barcelona Tel. 93 319 54 12 e-mail: [email protected] www.fcampalans.cat Disseny: Departament de Disseny i Edicions del PSC Impressió: Cevagraf sccl D.L.: B-3.776-2020 Moments del socialisme català PROPÒSITS No pretenc escriure unes memòries personals ni tampoc una història del PSC. Es tracta només de rememorar moments de la història del partit i de la seva gent en les que he participat de manera més o menys directa. L’objectiu és salvar de l’oblit -quan no hi sigui o la memòria em flaquegi- tot allò que conec i pot ser útil per a la societat del futur. 3 Josep M. Sala ÍNDEX Pròleg a càrrec de Miquel Iceta ......................................................7 ANTECEDENTS FAMILIARS I PERSONALS ....................................11 CAP A LA CREACIÓ DEL PSC. EL PROCÉS PREVI .........................15 EL CONGRÉS D’UNITAT ...............................................................27 EL NOU PARTIT ES POSA A CAMINAR ..........................................32 RECONSTRUCCIÓ I DESENVOLUPAMENT DE LA JSC ...................40 LA QÜESTIÓ SINDICAL. RELACIONS PSC-UGT (1) .......................43 LES ELECCIONS AUTONÒMIQUES DE 1980 .................................47 EL CONGRÉS D’UNIFICACIÓ (SEGON CONGRÉS) .........................50 EL CONGRÉS DE FUSIÓ (TERCER CONGRÉS) ..............................54 EL CONFLICTE DE LA LOAPA .......................................................59 LES TRES PRIMERES ELECCIONS ................................................63 -
The Internal Conflict in Spain: the Case of Catalonia
International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS) Volume 01 - Issue 08 www.ijlrhss.com || PP. 58-63 The Internal Conflict in Spain: The case of Catalonia Christos Anastasios Tzagkas Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Historical Background ºCatalonia is one of the autonomous regions of the Spanish state. The history of this area is almost as old as the origin of Spain as an identity first and then as a state. Catalonia already existed as defined area since the 9th century and it became much stronger as a military and commercial empire during the 12th century due to the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV, the Count of Barcelona and the Princess of Aragon Peronella, thus creating the Crown of Aragon.1 This Crown functioned as a confederation of kingdoms including eastern Spain, much of the Mediterranean and southern Italy. This independent kingdom lasted until the 15th century when King Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabel of Castile and the two kingdoms united into an early form of the Spanish state but at the same time they had to respect the institutions and rules of all the cities that are a part of the Crown of Aragon. Despite the fact that all of Catalonia’s institutions had been retained for about 200 years, in the 17th century Spanish King Felipe IV decided that he wanted a more centralized policy and this behavior led to a strong opposition by the local population of Catalonia and the war against the King erupted (1640-1659). The outcome was beneficial for the Catalans because they gained the right to maintain their institutions but also this victory came at a cost due to the fact that Roussillon and half of the Pyrenean county of Cerdagne was taken from them and became a part of 2France. -
Digest Foi 0748-15
FOI Request – Spain (FOI 0748-15): Digest of information to be released Email from Spain Desk to BE Madrid 13/08/2015 Subject FW: Spanish Media Summary: 13 August 2015 OFFICIAL_SENSITIVE [REDACTED] PRESS HIGHLIGHTS: [REDACTED] • CATALONIA: PP toughens its discourse and dismisses concessions to Catalonia [REDACTED] CATALONIA PP toughens its discourse and dismisses concessions to Catalonia. PP candidate for Catalonia, Xavier García Albiol, announced that he will not uphold the singular financing model approved by Catalan PP in 2012, which sought to apply the principle of ordinality. (El País 13, El Mundo 8, La Vanguardia 14) PSOE rejects fiscal pact for Catalonia. Socialist executive rejects a preferential fiscal agreement as requested by the Catalan socialist party. (El País 14) [REDACTED] Email from Spain Desk to BE Madrid 03/08/2015 Subject FW: Spanish Media Summary: 3 August 2015 [REDACTED] PRESS HIGHLIGHTS: [REDACTED] • CATALONIA: Artur Mas convenes elections for 27 September through an ordinary decree [REDACTED] Interview with Economy Minister De Guindos: “If we revert the reforms, we will go back to square one.” “In 2011, Spain was Greece in Europe, but now we are the country that grows the most.” “The future of Catalonia has always been brighter with Spain than without it.” (Sunday, La Razón 10) [REDACTED] PSOE identifies its big challenges. If elected PM, Pedro Sánchez will have to tackle the Catalan conflict, regional financing and pensions. (Monday, La Vanguardia 11) CATALONIA Catalan premier Artur Mas convenes today regional elections for 27 September through an ordinary decree. The decree will not mention the “plebiscitary” character of the election, to avoid a challenge by the central government. -
The Rise of National Identities in Europe. the Representation of Catalonian Independence Movement in English-Speaking Press from a CDA Perspective
GRAO EN LINGUA E LITERATURA INGLESAS (2015-2019) The rise of national identities in Europe. The representation of Catalonian independence movement in English-Speaking press from a CDA perspective Álvaro Herves Fortes SUPERVISED BY DR. MARIA DE LOS ÁNGELES GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ 1 GRAO EN LINGUA E LITERATURA INGLESAS (2015-2019) The rise of national identities in Europe. The representation of Catalonian independence movement in English-Speaking press from a CDA perspective Álvaro Herves Fortes Mª de los Ángeles Gómez González 2 Table of contents List of tables .................................................................................................................................. 5 List of figures ................................................................................................................................. 5 List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 9 Part I ............................................................................................................................................ 11