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Une Maladie Émergente Chez Les Agamidés

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Une Maladie Émergente Chez Les Agamidés ÉCOLE NATIONALE VÉTÉRINAIRE D’ALFORT Année 2011 DERMATOSE À DEVRIESEA AGAMARUM : UNE MALADIE ÉMERGENTE CHEZ LES AGAMIDÉS THÈSE Pour le DOCTORAT VÉTÉRINAIRE Présentée et soutenue publiquement devant LA FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE CRÉTEIL le…………… par Fleur, Ambre MARCEL Née le 21 décembre 1985 à Boulogne Billancourt (Hauts de Seine) JURY Président : Pr. Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de CRÉTEIL Membres Directeur : Monsieur BOULOUIS Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Assesseur : Monsieur COURREAU Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Invités : Monsieur HUBERT Praticien hospitalier à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Monsieur HUYNH Assistant clinique à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort LISTE DES MEMBRES DU CORPS ENSEIGNANT Directeur : M. le Professeur MIALOT Jean-Paul Directeurs honoraires : MM. les Professeurs MORAILLON Robert, PARODI André-Laurent, PILET Charles, TOMA Bernard Professeurs honoraires: MM. BRUGERE Henri, BUSSIERAS Jean, CERF Olivier, CLERC Bernard, CRESPEAU François, DEPUTTE Bertrand LE BARS Henri, MOUTHON Gilbert, MILHAUD Guy, POUCHELON Jean-Louis, ROZIER Jacques DEPARTEMENT D’ELEVAGE ET DE PATHOLOGIE DES EQUIDES ET DES CARNIVORES (DEPEC) Chef du département : M. POLACK Bruno, Maître de conférences - Adjoint : M. BLOT Stéphane, Professeur - UNITE DE CARDIOLOGIE - UNITE DE PARASITOLOGIE ET MALADIES PARASITAIRES Mme CHETBOUL Valérie, Professeur M. CHERMETTE René, Professeur * M. GKOUNI Vassiliki, Praticien hospitalier M. POLACK Bruno, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE CLINIQUE EQUINE M. GUILLOT Jacques, Professeur M. AUDIGIE Fabrice, Professeur* Mme MARIGNAC Geneviève, Maître de conférences M. DENOIX Jean-Marie, Professeur M. HUBERT Blaise, Praticien hospitalier Mme GIRAUDET Aude, Praticien hospitalier M. BLAGA Radu Gheorghe, Maître de conférences contractuel (rattaché au Mlle CHRISTMANN Undine, Maître de conférences DPASP) Mme MESPOULHES-RIVIERE Céline, Maître de conférences contractuel - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE CHIRURGICALE Mme PRADIER Sophie, Maître de conférences contractuel M. FAYOLLE Pascal, Professeur * Melle DUPAYS Anne-Gaëlle, Maître de conférences contractuel M. MOISSONNIER Pierre, Professeur - UNITE D’IMAGERIE MEDICALE M. MAILHAC Jean-Marie, Maître de conférences M. LABRUYERE Julien, Professeur contractuel M. NIEBAUER Gert, Professeur contractuel Mme STAMBOULI Fouzia, Praticien hospitalier Mme VIATEAU-DUVAL Véronique, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE MEDECINE Mme RAVARY-PLUMIOEN Bérangère, Maître de conférences (rattachée au M. BLOT Stéphane, Professeur* DPASP) M. ROSENBERG Charles, Maître de conférences M. ZILBERSTEIN Luca, Maître de conférences Mme MAUREY-GUENEC Christelle, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE REPRODUCTION ANIMALE Mme BENCHEKROUN Ghita, Maître de conférences contractuel M. FONTBONNE Alain, Maître de conférences* - UNITE DE MEDECINE DE L’ELEVAGE ET DU SPORT M. NUDELMANN Nicolas, Maître de conférences M. GRANDJEAN Dominique, Professeur * M. REMY Dominique, Maître de conférences (rattaché au DPASP) Mme YAGUIYAN-COLLIARD Laurence, Maître de conférences contractuel M. DESBOIS Christophe, Maître de conférences - DISCIPLINE : NUTRITION-ALIMENTATION Mme CONSTANT Fabienne, Maître de conférences (rattachée au DPASP) M. PARAGON Bernard, Professeur Mme MASSE-MOREL Gaëlle, Maître de conférences contractuel (rattachée au DPASP) - DISCIPLINE : OPHTALMOLOGIE M. MAUFFRE Vincent, Maître de conférences contractuel (rattaché au DPASP) Mme CHAHORY Sabine, Maître de conférences - DISCIPLINE : URGENCE SOINS INTENSIFS Mme Françoise ROUX, Maître de conférences DEPARTEMENT DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES ET DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE (DPASP) Chef du département : M. MILLEMANN Yves, Maître de conférences - Adjoint : Mme DUFOUR Barbara, Professeur - DISCIPLINE : BIOSTATISTIQUES - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE MEDICALE DU BETAIL ET DES ANIMAUX M. DESQUILBET Loïc, Maître de conférences contractuel DE BASSE-COUR - UNITE D’HYGIENE ET INDUSTRIE DES ALIMENTS D’ORIGINE M. ADJOU Karim, Maître de conférences * ANIMALE M. MILLEMANN Yves, Maître de conférences M. BOLNOT François, Maître de conférences * Mme BRUGERE-PICOUX Jeanne, Professeur (rattachée au DSBP) M. CARLIER Vincent, Professeur M. BELBIS Guillaume, Maître de conférences contractuel Mme COLMIN Catherine, Maître de conférences M. HESKIA Bernard, Professeur contractuel M. AUGUSTIN Jean-Christophe, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE ZOOTECHNIE, ECONOMIE RURALE - UNITE DES MALADIES CONTAGIEUSES Mme GRIMARD-BALLIF Bénédicte, Professeur* M. BENET Jean-Jacques, Professeur* M. COURREAU Jean-François, Professeur Mme HADDAD/HOANG-XUAN Nadia, Professeur M. BOSSE Philippe, Professeur Mme DUFOUR Barbara, Professeur Mme LEROY Isabelle, Maître de conférences Melle PRAUD Anne, Maître de conférences contractuel M. ARNE Pascal, Maître de conférences M. PONTER Andrew, Professeur DEPARTEMENT DES SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES ET PHARMACEUTIQUES (DSBP) Chef du département : Mme COMBRISSON Hélène, Professeur - Adjoint : Mme LE PODER Sophie, Maître de conférences - UNITE D’ANATOMIE DES ANIMAUX DOMESTIQUES - UNITE DE PATHOLOGIE GENERALE MICROBIOLOGIE, M. CHATEAU Henry, Maître de conférences* IMMUNOLOGIE Mme CREVIER-DENOIX Nathalie, Professeur Mme QUINTIN-COLONNA Françoise, Professeur* M. DEGUEURCE Christophe, Professeur M. BOULOUIS Henri-Jean, Professeur Mme ROBERT Céline, Maître de conférences M. FREYBURGER Ludovic, Maître de conférences - DISCIPLINE : ANGLAIS - UNITE DE PHARMACIE ET TOXICOLOGIE Mme CONAN Muriel, Professeur certifié M. TISSIER Renaud, Maître de conférences* - UNITE DE BIOCHIMIE Mme ENRIQUEZ Brigitte, Professeur M. MICHAUX Jean-Michel, Maître de conférences* M. PERROT Sébastien, Maître de conférences M. BELLIER Sylvain, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET THERAPEUTIQUE - DISCIPLINE : EDUCATION PHYSIQUE ET SPORTIVE Mme COMBRISSON Hélène, Professeur* M. PHILIPS, Professeur certifié M. TIRET Laurent, Maître de conférences - UNITE DE GENETIQUE MEDICALE ET MOLECULAIRE Mme STORCK-PILOT Fanny, Maître de conférences Mme ABITBOL Marie, Maître de conférences* - UNITE DE VIROLOGIE M. PANTHIER Jean-Jacques, Professeur M. ELOIT Marc, Professeur * -UNITE D’HISTOLOGIE, ANATOMIE PATHOLOGIQUE Mme LE PODER Sophie, Maître de conférences M. FONTAINE Jean-Jacques, Professeur * Mme BERNEX Florence, Maître de conférences Mme CORDONNIER-LEFORT Nathalie, Maître de conférences M. REYES GOMEZ Edouard, Maître de conférences contractuel * responsable d’unité REMERCIEMENTS Au Professeur de la faculté de Médecine de Paris Créteil, Pour avoir bien voulu présider ce jury, Hommage respectueux. A M. Henri-Jean BOULOUIS, Professeur à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Pour avoir accepté de diriger ce travail et pour son aide lors de la rédaction. A M. Jean-François COURREAU, Professeur à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Pour avoir accepté de corriger ce travail rapidement et sa disponibilité. A M. Blaise HUBERT, Praticien Hospitalier à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Pour sa collaboration et sa disponibilité. A M. Minh HUYNH, Assistant clinique à l’École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Pour la proposition de ce sujet et son implication dans cette thèse, sa grande disponibilité, son aide précieuse dans de nombreux domaines. TABLE DES MATIÈRES TABLE DES MATIÈRES ...................................................................................................................1 INDEX DES TABLEAUX ..................................................................................................................3 INDEX DES FIGURES.......................................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................5 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : CLASSIFICATION ET BIOLOGIE DES AGAMIDÉS...............................6 I- Les Agamidés – Généralités ....................................................................................................8 II- Répartition géographique et mode de vie des Agamidés.........................................................9 III- Conditions d’entretien des Agamidés couramment rencontrés en terrariophilie.................9 a. Le genre Uromastyx ...................................................................................................9 b. Le genre Agama ........................................................................................................ 10 c. Le genre Pogona ...................................................................................................... 11 d. Le genre Chlamydosaurus ........................................................................................ 12 e. Le genre Physignatus ............................................................................................... 13 DEUXIÈME PARTIE : DIAGNOSTIC DIFFÉRENTIEL DES DERMATITES CROÛTEUSES...... DES AGAMIDÉS..............................................................................................................................15 I- Dermatologie et reptiles – Généralités...................................................................................15 II- La peau des reptiles................................................................................................................16 a. Anatomie et physiologie........................................................................................... 16 b. La mue...................................................................................................................... 17 c. La cicatrisation ........................................................................................................
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