DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphology, Ploidy and Molecular Phylogenetics Reveal a New Diploid Species from Africa in the Baobab Genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphology, Ploidy and Molecular Phylogenetics Reveal a New Diploid Species from Africa in the Baobab Genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) Jack D. Pettigrew FRS,!"# Karen L. Bell,$"% Adhil Bhagwandin,& Eunice Grinan,' Ngalla Jillani,& Jean Meyer,( Emily Wabuyele) & Claudia E. Vickers# 1 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 4 School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia 6 Pretoria National Herbarium, Cussonia Ave, Bremmeria 0001, South Africa East African Herbarium, Museum Hill Road, P.O Box 45166, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia Jack D. Pettigrew, [email protected] Abstract Adansonia Adansonia digitata A. digitataA. digitata Adansonia kilima A. digitataAdansonia kilima A. digitata Adansonia kilima A. digitata Adansonia A. digitataA. kilima- Keywords Adansonia kilima Supplementary Material INTRODUCTION - Adansonia digitata - - - Adansonia - A. digitata 1240 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa A. gregorii A. digitata- A. grandidieriA. su- arezensisA. rubrostipaA. za A. digitata A. madagascariensisA. perrieri- - A. Adansonia (A. digitata BrevitubaeA. grandidieri A. suarezensisLongitubae A. gregorii Adansonia . A. kilima A. gregorii Adansonia - MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling. — A. digitata Adansonia- - A. gregorii Adansonia - . Bombacoid outgroups Fig. Malagasy A. perrieri - A. madagascariensis Hawk moth pollinated A. za A. rubrostipa A. digitata A. suarezensis Mammal pollinated A. grandidieri - Limited Australian A. gregorii information African hypothetical diploid - Mammal pollinated A. digitata 1241 Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON DNA sequencing. — - - - - g - psbA-trnHtrnL-trnF - - ! Morphological analyses. — - - A. gregorii A. madagascariensis - (A. digitata Phylogenetic analysis. — - A. kilima A. digitata - - - - Chromosome number. —- - Cavanillesia platanifolia 1242 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa - Table . A. kilimaA. digitata n = A. kilima A. digitata n RESULTS A. kilima A. digitata Morphological differentiation between the diploid and the tetraploid. — - n = 160 - A. digitata 1 n) 160 Fig. .Adansonia kilimaA. digitataA, A. kilima B, A. digitata C, A. kilimaD, A. digitataA. kilima A. digitataAdansonia kilima A. digitataA. digitata A. kilimaA. digitata Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON A. kilimaA. kilima A. digitata Adansonia A. kilima - A. kilima - A. kilimaA. digitata - A. kilimaA. digitata A. kilima A. kilima A. digitata A. digitata - A. kilima Adansonia A. kilimaA. digitata Phylogenetic analysis. —psbA-trnH A. kilima trnL-trnF- A. digitata - A. digitataA. kil- ima- A. digitata - Adansonia digitata A. kilima A. digitata Fig. Adansonia A. digi- tata (Ad) A. kilima (Ak)- A. kilima Adansonia digitata A. kilima A. madagascariensis - A. kilima A. gregorii - A. kilima 1244 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Updated Review of Adansonia Digitata: a Commercially Important African Tree ⁎ G.P.P
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 908–919 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb An updated review of Adansonia digitata: A commercially important African tree ⁎ G.P.P. Kamatou, I. Vermaak, A.M. Viljoen Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Abstract Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is a majestic tree revered in Africa for its medicinal and nutritional value. The plant parts are used to treat various ailments such as diarrhoea, malaria and microbial infections. It is reported that it is an excellent anti-oxidant due to the vitamin C content which is seven to ten times higher than the vitamin C content of oranges. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti- viral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The seeds are a source of significant quantities of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab is an important commodity which is integral to the livelihood of rural communities. In addition, the global demand for baobab raw material (e.g. seed oil, fruit pulp) by the food and beverage, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries has increased dramatically in recent years thereby increasing the commercial value and importance of this coveted African tree. In the past few years, there has been an increased demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs), specifically baobab seed oil for inclusion in cosmetic formulations due to its high fatty acid composition. This review summa- rises the botanical aspects, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological properties and most importantly the nutritional value and commercial impor- tance of baobab products.
    [Show full text]
  • Adansonia Grandidieri
    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T30388A64007143 Adansonia grandidieri Assessment by: Ravaomanalina, H. & Razafimanahaka, J. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Ravaomanalina, H. & Razafimanahaka, J. 2016. Adansonia grandidieri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T30388A64007143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 2.RLTS.T30388A64007143.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED
    [Show full text]
  • Baobab (Not Boabab) Species General Background Germinating
    Baobab (not Boabab) Species Baobab is the common name of a genus (Adansonia) with eightspecies of trees, 6 species in Madagascar; 1 in Africa and 1 in Australia. Adansonia gregorii (A.gibbosa) or Australian Baobab (northwest Australia) Adansonia madaf Zascariensis or Madagascar Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia perrieri or Perrier's Baobab (North Madagascar) Adansonia rubrostipa or Fony Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia suarezensis or Suarez Baobab Diego Suarez,(Madagascar) Adansonia za or Za Baobab (Madagascar) The name Adansonia honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described A. digitata. General Background One of the earliest written references to the Baobab tree was made by the Arabic traveller, Al-Bakari in 1068. In 1592, the Venetian herbalist and physician, Prospero Alpino, reported a fruit in the markets of Cairo as "BU HUBAB". It is believed that the name is derived from the Arabic word Bu Hibab which means fruit with many seeds. Common names include bottle tree and monkey bread tree. Baobab - derived from African fokelore "upside-down-tree". The story is after the creation each of the animals were given a tree to plant and the stupid hyena planted the baobab upside-down. The baobab is the national tree of Madagascar. Height is 5-25m tall and trunk diameter of up to 7m. The Baobab can store up to 120 000 lt of water inside the swollen trunk to endure harsh drought conditions. All occur in seasonal arid areas and are deciduous, losing leaves during dry season. It is believed that the elephant must digest the seed before it will germinate as the heat and stomach acids help to soften the shell.
    [Show full text]
  • Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.): a Review on a Multipurpose Tree with Promising Future in the Sudan
    Gartenbauwissenschaft, 67 (4). S. 155–160, 2002, ISSN 0016–478X. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): a Review on a Multipurpose Tree with Promising Future in the Sudan Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): Ein Überblick über eine vielseitig verwendbare Baumart mit guten Zukunftsaussichten für den Sudan J. Gebauer1), K. El-Siddig2) and G. Ebert1) (1)Institut für Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Obstbau, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and2)Agricultural Research Corporation, Gezira Research Station, Sudan) Summary staunlich wenig über die Baumphänologie, Blütenbio- Africa has abundant wild plants and cultivated native logie, den Anbau sowie die Diversität bekannt. species with great agronomic and commercial potential In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche Aspekte as food crops. However, many of these species, particu- wie Botanik, Ökologie, Herkunft, Vermehrung, Nut- larly the fruits and nuts, have not been promoted or re- zungsmöglichkeiten, Auslese wertvoller Herkünfte sowie searched and therefore remain under-utilized. More- besonders seine Bedeutung für Ernährung und Armuts- over, many of these species face the danger of loss due linderung im Sudan diskutiert. to increasing human impact on ecosystems. Sudan, as in many other African countries, is en- Introduction dowed with a range of edapho-climatic conditions that favor the establishment of many plant species, most of Arid and semi-arid Africa is blessed with various tree, which are adapted to specific ecological zones. Among palm and shrub species which provide shade, give an these plants is the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) which aesthetic sight, or offer fruits, tannins, gums, resins, oils is a fruit-producing tree belonging to the family Bom- or extracts and pharmaceutical products (STEPPLER and bacaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Cp147888.Pdf
    Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares São Paulo 2010 Marília Cristina Duarte Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl. e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de DOUTOR em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Gerleni Lopes Esteves Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Seção de Biblioteca do Instituto de Botânica Duarte, Marília Cristina D812a Análise filogenética de Eriotheca Schott & Endl e gêneros afins (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) e estudo taxonômico de Eriotheca no Brasil / Marília Cristina Duarte – São Paulo, 2010. 190p. il. Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2010. Bibliografia 1. Malvaceae. 2 Taxonomia. 3. Filogenia. I. Título CDU: 582.796 …..from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. Charles Darwin Aos meus pais, a base de tudo Ao Fausto, minha cara metade com amor, dedico Agradecimentos Este trabalho contou com o apoio e estímulo de todos que estiveram comigo durante esses quatro anos. Dessa forma, agradeço: Primeiramente, à Gerleni, minha querida orientadora e amiga, com quem aprendi a amar a botânica.
    [Show full text]
  • GENETIC DIVERSITY and PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS of Adansonia Spp. in the KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT
    UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF Adansonia Spp. IN THE KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT. BY CATHERINE WAMBUI KAMAU I56/71711/2014 Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics College of Biological and Physical sciences The University of Nairobi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology in the Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CEBIB) University of Nairobi. November 2016 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Catherine Wambui Kamau I56/71711/2014 University of Nairobi Signature: ____________________ Date __________________ APPROVED BY This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as supervisors Dr. Edward Muge Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. George Obiero Director, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. Alice Muchugi, PhD Genebank Manager, Genetic Resources Unit, World Agroforestry Centre Signature____________________ Date________________ i DEDICATION To my family and dear friend, Louis Njora for their support and encouragement. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank the Almighty God, in whom I have found the strength, will, health and guidance to make this research a success. To my family and dear friends, I thank you for your love, prayers, encouragement and support. Secondly, I want to acknowledge my supervisors, Dr. Edward Muge and Dr. George Obiero, who have provided me with technical insights, critic and much needed guidance. This work would not have been possible without the support of my supervisor Dr. Alice Muchugi and the World Agroforestry Centre. Thank you so much for offering me this opportunity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Miombo Ecoregion Areas of Biological Importance
    THE MIOMBO ECOREGION AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE J.R. Timberlake, F.P.D. Cotterill, P.J. Mundy, D.G. Broadley, B. Marshall, A.J. Gardiner & M. Fitzpatrick September 2001 (published 2018) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 21 THE MIOMBO ECOREGION: AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE J.R. Timberlake, F.P.D. Cotterill, P.J. Mundy, D.G. Broadley†, B. Marshall, A.J. Gardiner & M. Fitzpatrick September 2001 (revised February 2018) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 21 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Miombo Ecoregion: Areas of Biological Importance, page 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The maps were produced at the request of the Southern Africa Programme Office of the WorldWide Fund for Nature (WWF SARPO) under their Miombo Ecoregion project, funding for which was provided by WWF US. Particular thanks are due to the Regional Representative, Harrison Kojwang, and to the Programme Officer, Fortune Shonhiwa, who ran the project. We also wish to thank Heather Whitham in the Biodiversity Foundation for Africa for administrative support. The GIS versions of the maps, originally drawn manually, were digitised at the University of Botswana's Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre in Maun, Botswana, with financial support from Conservation International through their Wilderness Programme. Particular thanks are due to Mike Murray-Hudson and Leo Braak for making this possible. Final GIS maps were designed, drawn and checked by Ed Lim (Eastbourne, UK). Each map was compiled by a BFA specialist, with the
    [Show full text]
  • Ngwedi Substation Ground Truthing for Environmental Management Plan
    Ngwedi Substation Ground Truthing for Environmental Management Plan by Samuel David Laurence Ecologist [email protected] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An Environmental Management Program (EMPR) was carried out between the proposed Ngwedi (Mogwase) Substation and associated transmission power line turn-ins in August 2012. The focus of the study was on-site substation specific verification as well as overall habitat assessment On site mitigation measures were provided.. Identified protected trees for the area include Maroela, Tamboti, Baobab, Leadwood, Camel Thorn and Sheppard Bush. No protected species were found within the substation footprint. The substation footprint is situated on an area of low sensitivity. However, peripheral activities such as road construction need to take into account surrounding sensitive habitats. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Terms of Reference ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Location and Land use ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.10.196238; this version posted July 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 TITLE PAGE 2 3 Pezzini et al. Evolutionary History of Tropical Dry Forest 4 5 Research article: Phylogeny and biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) 6 7 Flávia Fonseca Pezzini1,2,8, Kyle G. Dexter3, Jefferson G. de Carvalho-Sobrinho4, Catherine A. Kidner1,2, 8 James A. Nicholls5, Luciano P. de Queiroz6, R. Toby Pennington1,7 9 10 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 11 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 12 3 School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. 13 4 Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil 14 5 Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Acton, Australia 15 6 Herbario, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil 16 7 Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom 17 8 Corresponding author: [email protected] | 20a Inverleith Row Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK 18 19 ABSTRACT 20 The Neotropics is the most species-rich area in the world and the mechanisms that generated and 21 maintain its biodiversity are still debated. This paper contributes to the debate by investigating 22 the evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus Ceiba Mill.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distributional Patterns of Aroids (Alismatales: Araceae) Along an Elevational Gradient in Darién, Panama
    Webbia Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography ISSN: 0083-7792 (Print) 2169-4060 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tweb20 Diversity and distributional patterns of aroids (Alismatales: Araceae) along an elevational gradient in Darién, Panama Orlando O. Ortiz, María S. de Stapf & Thomas B. Croat To cite this article: Orlando O. Ortiz, María S. de Stapf & Thomas B. Croat (2019): Diversity and distributional patterns of aroids (Alismatales: Araceae) along an elevational gradient in Darién, Panama, Webbia, DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2019.1646465 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1646465 View supplementary material Published online: 28 Aug 2019. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tweb20 WEBBIA https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1646465 ARTICLE Diversity and distributional patterns of aroids (Alismatales: Araceae) along an elevational gradient in Darién, Panama Orlando O. Ortiz a, María S. de Stapfa,b and Thomas B. Croatc aHerbario PMA, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Panama; bDepartamento de Botánica, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panama City, Panama; cDepartment of Research (Monographs Section), Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The family Araceae (aroids) represents an ecologically important and diverse group of plants in Received 24 May 2019 Panama, represented by 25 genera, 615 species, of which 277 (45%) are considered endemic. Accepted 18 July 2019 The aim of this study is to analyse the diversity and distributional patterns of aroids along an KEYWORDS fi elevation gradient in the species-rich forests of Darién, Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Estudis Sobre Cinc Herbaris Històrics De L'institut
    Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Biologia Departament de Biologia Vegetal Programa de Doctorat: Biologia Vegetal (2001-2003) ESTUDIS SOBRE CINC HERBARIS HISTÒRICS DE L’INSTITUT BOTÀNIC DE BARCELONA Memòria presentada per Neus Ibáñez i Cortina, per a optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat de Barcelona Dirigida per: Dr. Josep Maria Montserrat i Martí Dr. Ignasi Soriano i Tomàs Investigador Professor Associat Institut Botànic de Barcelona Dept. de Biologia Vegetal (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona) Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, juliol de 2006 173 BIBLIOGRAFIA GeoNet Names Server. http: //164.214.2.59/gns/html. Data d'accés: 2001a. International Plant Names Index. http: //www.ipni.org. Data d'accés: 2001b. Acosta, M. 1977. Investigadores en la Geografía y la Naturaleza de América Tropical. XI Asamblea general y reuniones panamericanas de consulta conexas de Quito, Ecuador. Quito. Alexander, J.M.C. 1979. The Mediterranean species of Senecio sections Senecio and Delphinifolius. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 387-428. Allen, D.E. 1994. The Naturalist in Britain. A Social History. Chichester: Princeton University Press. Princeton; N. J. ----- 2004. James Petiver (c. 1665-1718). En: Matthew HCG, Harrison B, eds. Oxford dictionary of national biography 894-896. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Álvarez , E. 1953. Algunos aspectos de la obra de Ruiz y Pavón. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 12: 5- 113. Amaral Franco, J. 1990. Quercus. En: Castroviejo S, Laínz M, López Gónzalez G, Montserrat P, Muñoz Garmendia F, Paiva J, Villar L, eds. Flora Iberica 2: pp. 15-36. CSIC, Real Jardín Botánico. Madrid. Armada, J. & San Pío, P. 2002. Las rosas del Herbarium Pictum del Real Jardín Botánico.
    [Show full text]
  • Substrate, Moisture, Temperature and Seed Germination of the Threatened Endemic Tree Eriotheca Vargasii (Malvaceae)
    Substrate, moisture, temperature and seed germination of the threatened endemic tree Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae) Godofredo Mamani1, Héctor Chuquillanqui Soto2, Susana L. Chumbiauca Mateo3, Catherine T. Sahley2, Alfonso Alonso2 & Reynaldo Linares-Palomino2* 1. Grandes Montañas y Consultores SAC, Lima, Perú. 2. Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Calle Almirante Lord Cochrane 121, Dpto 9, San Isidro, 15073, Peru; [email protected] 3. Programa Especial de la Autoridad en Semillas, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Perú. * Correspondence Received 20-III-2017. Corrected 31-V-2018. Accepted 02-VII-2018. Abstract: We studied the germination of Eriotheca vargasii (Malvaceae), a poorly known endemic Peruvian Andean tree species characteristic of the dry forests of the Torobamba river valley, Peru. We determined seed characteristics, embryo morphology, viability, and assessed the influence of substrate (natural soil and com- mercially prepared media), temperature (controlled at 25 ºC and at ambient temperature between 18-22 ºC), and moisture (25 % and 50 % field capacity) on seed germination. Most seeds were ovoid in shape and although they contained well-developed embryos, only 46 % of them were viable. Substrate moisture levels had no influence on germination capacity or rate. In contrast, temperature and substrate type showed strong effects on germina- tion. We observed the highest proportion of germinated seeds in prepared media at both temperatures tested (> 61 %). Furthermore, substrate types also influenced germination rates, with lower values in natural soil. The strongest effect on germination rates was by temperature, enhancing the difference in responses in substrate types (up to 90 % in commercially prepared media at 25 ºC).
    [Show full text]