Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) Jack D. Pettigrew FRS,!"# Karen L. Bell,$"% Adhil Bhagwandin,& Eunice Grinan,' Ngalla Jillani,& Jean Meyer,( Emily Wabuyele) & Claudia E. Vickers# 1 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia 2 Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 4 School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia 6 Pretoria National Herbarium, Cussonia Ave, Bremmeria 0001, South Africa East African Herbarium, Museum Hill Road, P.O Box 45166, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia Jack D. Pettigrew, [email protected] Abstract Adansonia Adansonia digitata A. digitataA. digitata Adansonia kilima A. digitataAdansonia kilima A. digitata Adansonia kilima A. digitata Adansonia A. digitataA. kilima- Keywords Adansonia kilima Supplementary Material INTRODUCTION - Adansonia digitata - - - Adansonia - A. digitata 1240 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa A. gregorii A. digitata- A. grandidieriA. su- arezensisA. rubrostipaA. za A. digitata A. madagascariensisA. perrieri- - A. Adansonia (A. digitata BrevitubaeA. grandidieri A. suarezensisLongitubae A. gregorii Adansonia . A. kilima A. gregorii Adansonia - MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling. — A. digitata Adansonia- - A. gregorii Adansonia - . Bombacoid outgroups Fig. Malagasy A. perrieri - A. madagascariensis Hawk moth pollinated A. za A. rubrostipa A. digitata A. suarezensis Mammal pollinated A. grandidieri - Limited Australian A. gregorii information African hypothetical diploid - Mammal pollinated A. digitata 1241 Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON DNA sequencing. — - - - - g - psbA-trnHtrnL-trnF - - ! Morphological analyses. — - - A. gregorii A. madagascariensis - (A. digitata Phylogenetic analysis. — - A. kilima A. digitata - - - - Chromosome number. —- - Cavanillesia platanifolia 1242 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa - Table . A. kilimaA. digitata n = A. kilima A. digitata n RESULTS A. kilima A. digitata Morphological differentiation between the diploid and the tetraploid. — - n = 160 - A. digitata 1 n) 160 Fig. .Adansonia kilimaA. digitataA, A. kilima B, A. digitata C, A. kilimaD, A. digitataA. kilima A. digitataAdansonia kilima A. digitataA. digitata A. kilimaA. digitata Adansonia kilima sp. nov., a diploid baobab from Africa TAXON A. kilimaA. kilima A. digitata Adansonia A. kilima - A. kilima - A. kilimaA. digitata - A. kilimaA. digitata A. kilima A. kilima A. digitata A. digitata - A. kilima Adansonia A. kilimaA. digitata Phylogenetic analysis. —psbA-trnH A. kilima trnL-trnF- A. digitata - A. digitataA. kil- ima- A. digitata - Adansonia digitata A. kilima A. digitata Fig. Adansonia A. digi- tata (Ad) A. kilima (Ak)- A. kilima Adansonia digitata A. kilima A. madagascariensis - A. kilima A. gregorii - A. kilima 1244 TAXON Adansonia kilima sp. nov.