Talamantes Family Report

Jessica Neaves Heritage Discovered San Francisco, CA [email protected]

Research Goal: Two to four generation pedigrees of the Talamantes family, focused on the paternal line. The scant information provided by the Talamantes family client for this project is:

• The birthdate of his father (living), born in Texas • The family moved to San Jose, Santa Clara, California around the 1960s

Sources Consulted: The research was conducted primarily online, via Ancestry.com and FamilySearch. Other sources used were Chronicling America for newspaper articles, FindaGrave, Billion Graves, Fold3 for military records, TXGenWeb for Zavala County, Namesinstone.com, HistoricDistrict.com, Cemeteries-of-TX.com, Texasgravestones.org, USGenweb for Zavala County, Hiddenancestors.com, Daddezio.com, and Obituaries.rootsweb.com.

Books and journals consulted: Gannett, Henry. A Gazetteer of Texas. Washington: G.p.o., 1904. Print. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin ; No. 224. Ser. F, Geography ; 36. Barker, Eugene Campbell, and Herbert Eugene Bolton. "Southwestern Historical Quarterly." Southwestern Historical Quarterly. (1912): n. pag. Print. Volumes 17-70 (1913-1967). Webb, Walter Prescott, and Branda, Eldon Stephen. The Handbook of Texas. Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1958. Print. Lakeside Press RR Donnelly and Sons, Co. Chicago. Parsons, Kim, and Parsons, Richard. A Reference to Texas Cemetery Records . Humble, Tex: K. Parsons, 1988. Print.

Summary of Findings: The research objective was met, with a four-generation pedigree created for the paternal line of the Talamantes family [some information redacted for sharing publicly]. As the information in this report was gathered almost entirely from online sources, it is recommended that all information be verified through official birth, marriage, and death certificates obtained at the town and county level. All conclusions drawn in this are open to reevaluation if additional information is found.

Generation 1: Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enriquez

The earliest Talamantes generation found was Tomas Talamantes and his wife, Felipa Enriquez.

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Both Tomas’ and Felipa’s birthplace and birthdate are unknown. Tomas died between 18941 and 19052, most likely in Allende, Coahuila, Mexico. This is based on civil registration entries for son Leonardo’s marriage3, when Tomas was living in Allende, and grandson Conrado’s birth4, in which Tomas is stated as being deceased and wife Felipa was living in Allende. Felipa died between 19055 and 19116, most likely in Allende, Coahuila, based on grandson Conrado’s birth, when she was living in Allende, and grandson Abel’s birth, in which she was noted as deceased.

There are two main types of vital records available online for Mexico: church records and civil registration records. Catholic church burial records are not available for Allende for the 1900- 1911 timespan. Civil registration records for Allende are not available prior to 1907. However, the Allende, Coahuila, records do note a death for a Felipa Enriquez on 2 January 1909, 50 years old and from Allende, a widow and the daughter of Rafael Enriquez and Juana Barrera, both deceased. It’s unknown if this is the correct Felipa as her marriage to Tomas cannot be found at this time. Unfortunately, it notes she was a widow but not her spouse’s name, so it’s not known if it is Tomas’ wife. A witness for the death was Epifanio Enriquez7. If she was truly 50 years old, she would be too young to be Tomas’ wife as their only known child was born about 1870, which would make her 11 at the time of birth.

This Felipa was in fact baptized 16 May 1843 in San Juan de Mata, Allende, Coahuila, the child of Rafael Henriquez and Juana Barrera. Her paternal grandparents were Jose Henriquez and Juana Teorquita [?] and her maternal grandparents were Juan Barrera and Refugio Fernandes8. Rafael and Juana also had a son named Epifanio, baptized 19 April 1847 in San Juan de Mata, Allende9. This baptism date would make her a more age appropriate 23 years old when Leonardo was born. No other people named Felipa or Epifanio Enriquez of the appropriate ages can be

1 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Marriages, 1861-1950,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Leonardo Talamantes-Felipa Delgado of San Vicente (Coahuila, Mexico), married 22 March 1894; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 2 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), entry for Conrado Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 3 June 1905; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 3 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Marriages, 1861-1950,” database, Ancestry, entry for Leonardo Talamantes- Felipa Delgado of San Vicente, married 22 March 1894. 4 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry, entry for Conrado Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 3 June 1905. 5 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry, entry for Conrado Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 3 June 1905. 6 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 29 October 2019), entry for Abel Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 2 October 1911; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 7 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 3 November 2019), entry for Felipa Enriquez of Allende (Coahuila, Mexico), died 2 January 1909; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 8 Coahuila, Mexico, Catholic Church Records, 1627-1978, database, Ancestry, entry for Felipa Henriquez Barrera, baptized 16 May 1843, San Juan de Mata, Allende (Coahuila, Mexico). 9 Coahuila, Mexico, Catholic Church Records, 1627-1978, database, Ancestry, entry for Jose Epifanio de la Trinidad Enriques Barrera, baptized 19 April 1847, San Juan de Mata, Allende (Coahuila, Mexico).

2 found in Allende during this time period. More research needs to be done to see if this is the correct lineage as more records become available.

Only one child can be found for the couple.

i. Leonardo Talamantes, born circa 1870.

Generation 2: Leonardo Talamantes and Felipa Delgado

Leonardo’s exact birthdate and birthplace cannot be determined. Various documents report a number of places of birth: Guerrero10,11, San Jose12,13,14,15,16,17, or San Vicente18. Due to the number of times Leonardo states his place of birth as San Jose and because it lies in the municipality of Guerrero, this is the most likely locale. Unfortunately, records for this town only exist for 1905-1917 online. The records consistently point to 1870 being his likely year of birth. Catholic church baptism records don’t exist for this time period for Guerrero, San Jose, or San Vicente online.

Likewise, Felipa’s exact birthday and place are not known. There are fewer records available for Felipa to help point to when and where she was born. She was likely born around 1877-1880 in

10 "Texas, Laredo Arrival Manifests, 1903-1955”, Leonardo Talamantes, 63, arrived 2 January 1934 from Mexico. 11 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Leonardo Talamantes of Piedras Negras (Coahuila, Mexico), died 14 September 1957; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 12 "Texas, Eagle Pass Arrival Manifests and Indexes, 1905-1954," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org: accessed 30 October 2019), manifest card for Leonardo Talamantes, 55, arrived 25 August 1925, “immigrant” status, from Crystal City, Texas; citing NARA microfilm publication M1755 and M2040. 13 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” Leonardo Talamantes, 56, arrived 21 June 1926 from Mexico . 14 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” Leonardo Talamantes, 55, arrived 24 August 1926 from Mexico. 15 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” database, (https://www.familysearch.org : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Leonardo Talamantes, 62, 23 December 1931, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico. 16 "Texas, Eagle Pass Arrival Manifests and Indexes, 1905-1954," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org : accessed 30 October 2019), manifest card for Leonardo Talamantes, 63, arrived 20 March 1933, “immigrant” status, from Crystal City, Texas; citing NARA microfilm publication M1755 and M2040. 17 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” database index, FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Leonardo Enrique Talamantes Enriquez, 76, arrived 4 March 1942. 18 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Marriages, 1861-1950,” database, Ancestry, entry for Leonardo Talamantes-Felipa Delgado of San Vicente, married 22 March 1894.

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Guerrero19 or San Vicente20. Records exist online for Guerrero for this time period, but her birth can’t be located. Records for San Vicente don’t begin until 1884.

Felipa’s mother was Alejandra Delgado. Alejandra died 14 January 1909 in Porfirio Diaz [Piedras Negras], Coahuila, Mexico. The death was reported by Leonardo E. Talamantes, a married artisan, on the 15th. She died of bronchitis. She was 69 and widowed, and originally from San Antonio, Texas. Her parents were Jose Maria Delgado and Julia Talamantes. A witness was Andres Villarreal, widower and merchant, living in Porfirio Diaz21. In 190522, Manuel Delgado was stated as living in Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico and Alejandra Delgado in San Jose, Coahuila, Mexico. As Alejandra passed away as a widow, Manuel likely died between 1905 and 1909, possibly in Laredo, Tamaulipas. No other children can be found for the couple.

Leonardo married Felipa Delgado on 22 March 1894 in San Vicente, Coahuila. Leonardo was 24 and working as a farmer. He was originally from San Vicente. His father was Tomas Talamantes, also a farmer, living in Allende, Coahuila. His mother was Felipa Enrriquez. Felipa Delgado was 17 years old, born out of wedlock to Alejandra Delgado of San Vicente. No father was named23.

Felipa passed away 11 December 1943 in Guerrero, Coahuila. Her husband, Leonardo E. Talamantes, a married artisan living in Guerrero, reported the death. She died at her home of acute nephritis at the age of 60. Her parents were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado, both deceased. She was from and lived in Guerrero. She was buried in San Jose24.

Leonardo died on September 14, 1957 in Piedras Negras, Coahuila. He was 88 years old and a widower. He was originally from Guerrero, Coahuila, and was living at Galivan 13 North. His parents were Tomas Talamantes and Alejandra Enrique. His spouse was Felipa Delgado, all deceased25.

The Family Leonardo and Felipa had nine known children:

19 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Felipa Delgado of Guerrero (Coahuila, Mexico), died 11 December 1943; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 20Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Marriages, 1861-1950,” database, Ancestry, entry for Leonardo Talamantes- Felipa Delgado of San Vicente, married 22 March 1894. 21 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Alejandra Delgado of Porfirio Diaz [Piedras Negras] (Coahuila, Mexico), died 14 January 1909; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 22 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry, entry for Conrado Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 3 June 1905. 23 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Marriages, 1861-1950,” database, Ancestry, entry for Leonardo Talamantes-Felipa Delgado of San Vicente, married 22 March 1894. 24 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry , entry for Felipa Delgado of Guerrero (Coahuila, Mexico), died 11 December 1943. 25 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry, entry for Leonardo Talamantes of Piedras Negras (Coahuila, Mexico), died 14 September 1957.

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i. Julia, born 10 Dec 1894 in San Vicente, municipality of the town of Guerrero, Coahuila. Her father, Leonardo, was an artisan. The birth was registered 20 July 1899 in San Vicente. Her paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enrique. Her maternal grandparents were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado26. Julia died 25 December 1975 in San Antonio, Bexar, Texas. She was buried 27 December in San Patricio Cemetery, Bexar County [in Somerset]27. ii. Tomas was born on 26 July 1896 in San Vicente, municipality of Guerrero, Coahuila. His birth was registered 20 July 1899. Leonardo was a married artisan. His mother was Felipa Delgado. His paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enrique and maternal grandparents are Manuel Delgado and Alejandra DelgadoTomas died 20 January 1995 and was buried in Encinal Cemetery, Encinal, La Salle, Texas28. iii. Beatriz was born 21 May 1898 in San Vicente, municipality of the town of Guerrero, Coahuila, and her birth was registered 20 July 1899. Her paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enrique and maternal were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado29. Beatriz died 4 December 1974 in Santa Clara County30 and is buried with her son, Daniel Ruiz, Jr., at Saint Mary Cemetery in Gilroy, Santa Clara, California31. iv. Leonardo was born 13 March 1900 in San Vicente, municipality of Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico and his birth was registered on the 26th. His father Leonardo was a married laborer and his mother was Felipa Delgado and were residents of San Vicente. His grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enrique and Manual Delgado and Alejandra [no surname]32. Leonardo passed away 13 June 1998 in Maverick County, Texas33, possibly in Eagle Pass. v. Martina was born 30 Jan 1902 in San Vicente, Coahuila and her birth registered the next day. Her father, Leonardo E. Talamantes, was a laborer. He and her mother, Felipa Delgado, were living in San Vicente. Her paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes

26 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 29 October 2019), entry for Julia Talamantes of San Vicente (Coahuila, Mexico), born 10 December 1894; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 27 “Texas, Death Certificates, 1903-1982”, database. Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 29 October 2019), certificate image, Julia Talamantes Martinez, 25 December 1975, no. 2900; citing Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Death Certificates, 1903–1982. Austin, Texas, USA. 28 Findagrave.com, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 30 October 2019), memorial page for Tomas Talamantes (1899-1995), memorial ID 26188169, Encinal, La Salle, Texas. 29 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/: accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Beatriz Talamantes of San Vicente (Coahuila, Mexico), born 21 May 1898; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 30 “California Death Index, 1940-1997,” Database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), entry for Beatriz T. Ruiz, died 4 December 1974, Santa Clara County, California. 31 Findagrave.com, database (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 31 October 2019), memorial page for Beatriz T. Ruiz (1898-1974), memorial ID 88928972, Saint Mary Cemetery, Gilroy, Santa Clara, California. 32 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930, database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 1 November 2019), entry for Leonardo Talamtes [Talamantes] of San Vicente (Coahuila, Mexico), born 13 March 1900; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 33 “U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007”, database, Ancestry (Ancestry.com : accessed 1 November 2019), entry for Leonardo Talamantes.

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and Felipa Enrique and her maternal were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado34. She died 21 June 1999 in Big Spring, Howard, Texas35,36. She was buried at Mt. Olive Cemetery in Big Spring, Howard, Texas37. vi. Conrado, born 3 June 1905 San Jose, Guerrero, Coahuila. See next generation. vii. Maria was born 16 October 1907 in Porfirio Diaz [Piedras Negras], Coahuila. Her birth was registered 21 Nov 1907. Her father, Leonardo E. Talamantes, was an artisan. Her parents were living in Porfirio Diaz. Her paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enriquez. Her maternal grandparents were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado38. She died 25 March 1911 in Porfirio Diaz39. viii. Abel was born 2 October 1911 at 8 pm in San Jose, municipality of Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico. His birth was registered on the 25th. His father was an artisan and the family was living in San Jose. His paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes and Felipa Enrique, both deceased, and his maternal grandparents were Manuel Delgado and Alejandra Delgado, also deceased40. Abel died 25 March 1982 in San Angelo, Tom Green, Texas. He was 70 years old and his parents were Leonardo Talamantes and Felipa Delgado and he was buried in Piedras Negras, Mexico41. ix. Amparo was born in Texas on 11 March 191742. Amparo passed away on 22 April 2013 in Corpus Christi and was buried at Rose Hill Memorial Park43.

34 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Martina Talamantes of San Vicente (Coahuila, Mexico), born 30 January 1902; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 35 Social Security Administration, "United States Social Security Death Index," database, Ancestry (Ancestry.com : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Martina T. Balderas, 1999, SS no. 546-42-5965. 36 U.S. Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007, database, Ancestry (Ancestry.com : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Martina T. Balderas. 37 Findagrave.com, database (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 30 October 2019), memorial page for Martina Balderas (unknown-1999), memorial ID 111323049, Mount Olive Cemetery, Big Spring, Howard, Texas. 38 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 29 October 2019), entry for Maria Talamantes of Porfirio Diaz [Piedras Negras] (Coahuila, Mexico), born 16 October 1907; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 39 Ibid. 40 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry, entry for Abel Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 2 October 1911. 41 “Texas, Death Certificates, 1903-1982”, database. Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 29 October 2019), certificate image, Abel Talamantes, 25 March 1982, State File No. 32333; citing Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Death Certificates, 1903–1982. Austin, Texas, USA. 42 “U.S. Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 2”, database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 29 October 2019), entry for Amparo [Talamantes] Garza, b. 11 March 1917; citing Voter Registration Lists, Public Record Filings, Historical Residential Records, and Other Household Database Listings. 43 “Amparo Talamantez Garza,” obituary, Corpus-Christi Caller-Times, 24 April 2013; database Legacy.com (https://www.legacy.com : accessed 29 October 2019).

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Move to Texas Leonardo and Felipa moved the family to Texas in 191544,45,46,47,48 – the middle of the Mexican Revolution.

Leonardo and his family appear in the 1920 census in Justice Precinct 3, Zavala County, Texas.. Crystal City Town had been written and crossed out in the field for name of incorporated place. Leonardo was 50 years old and owned his home. He and his parents were born in Mexico. He couldn’t read or write and was working as a farm laborer. Felipa was 40 years old, and like Leonardo, she and her parents were born in Mexico and she couldn’t read or write. Their son, Thomas, was 21 and single and working as a farm laborer. Other children listed with them were Beatrice, 18; Leonardo, 17 and a farm laborer; Martina, 15; Conrado, 13; Abel, 6; and Ampado [Amparo], 2. All family members except Ampado immigrated in 1915 and were aliens and born in Mexico. None could read or write and none of the children were in school49.

On 18 April 1930, Leonardo and his family were living in Crystal City Town, Zavala, Texas. Leonardo owned his home, which was not a farm and had a value of $300. He was 60 years old and was married at 26. Although he couldn’t speak English, he could read and write. He and his parents were born in Mexico. Leonardo was working as a farm laborer and he was not a veteran. His wife, Felipa D., was 49 and married at 15. She and her parents were also born in Mexico. She could read and write but couldn’t speak English. Only two of their children still lived at home. Abel was 17 and could read and write, although he did not attend school in the last year. He was working as a farm laborer and could speak English. Their daughter, Ampara [Amparo], was 12 and in school. Ampara was born in Texas and could speak English and read and write. Leonardo, Felipa, and Abel all were aliens and immigrated in 191550.

44 1920 U.S. Census, Justice Precinct 3, Zavala, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 200, sheet 11-A, household 206, Leonardo Talamantes; accessed via “1920 United States Federal Census,” images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com) : 29 October 2019), Texas > Zavala > 200 Justice Precinct 3; citing NARA digital publication T625. 45 1930 U.S. Census, Crystal City, Zavala, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 0004, sheet 22-A, household 341, Leonardo Talamantes, accessed via “1930 United States Federal Census,” images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : 29 October 2019), Texas > Zavala > Crystal City > 0004; citing NARA digital publication T626. 46 "Texas, Eagle Pass Arrival Manifests and Indexes, 1905-1954," Leonardo Talamantes, 55, arrived 25 August 1925 from Mexico. 47 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” Leonardo Talamantes, 56, arrived 21 June 1926 from Mexico. 48 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 31 October 2019), manifest sheet for Felipa Delgado, 58, arrived 11 January 1938, “immigrant” status, from Guerrero, Mexico; citing Temporary and Nonstatistical Manifests of Aliens Arriving at Eagle Pass, Texas, July 1928 - June 1953; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787- 2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 09. 49 1920 U.S. Census, Justice Precinct 3, Zavala, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 200, sheet 11-A, household 206, Be?al [Leonardo] Talamantes; accessed via “1920 United States Federal Census,” images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com) : 29 October 2019), Texas > Zavala > 200 Justice Precinct 3; citing NARA digital publication T625. 50 1930 U.S. Census, Crystal City, Zavala, Texas, pop. sch., ED 0004, sheet 22-A, household 341, Leonardo Talamantes.

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Crossing the Border Border crossing records are incomplete, but Leonardo appears to have traveled between Mexico and Crystal City often. On 24 August 1925, Leonardo arrived at Eagle Pass, Texas, on his way to Crystal City, his permanent residence since 1915. He was 55 years old and 5 foot 2 inches tall. He had a dark complexion, with brown hair and eyes. He was working as a Teamster. Born in San Jose, Coahuila, Mexico, he remained a Mexican National and was not intending to become a US citizen. His wife was Filipa [Felipa] Delgado, living in Crystal City51.

In June 1926, Leonardo and his son, Leonardo, crossed at Eagle Pass, Texas. Again, he was noted as being 5 foot 2 inches tall, but with black hair and brown eyes. He had been permanently residing in the US since 1915. He was born about 1870 in San Jose, Coahuila. His contact at his place of departure was his uncle Epifanio Enriquez of Allende, Mexico. His arrival contact name was Felipa Delgado. He had $19 with him, the equivalent of about $275 in today’s dollars52.

On 24 August, Leonardo arrived at Eagle Pass once again. He was 55 and still working as a Teamster. He could read and write and was in good health. He was 5 foot 6 inches, with a dark complexion, black hair, and brown eyes. He was living in Crystal City, Texas, and was born in San Jose, Coahuila. His wife was Felipa Delgado and he had $3. The verso of the manifest card states he also entered 12 December 1927 and 30 March 193353.

On 23 December 1931, Leonardo appears in an index of border crossings. He was Mexican, 62 years old, and born in San Jose, Coahuila54. On 20 March 1933, 63-year-old Leonardo Talamantes Enriquez entered the US at Eagle Pass. He was born in San Jose, Guerrero, Coahuila55. In January 1934, Leonardo Talamantes Enriques crossed the border at Laredo, Texas. He was 65 years old and working as a carpenter. He was born in Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico. His last permanent residence was Crystal City, Texas, and he had been in the US since 1914. His wife, Felipa Delgado, was living in Crystal City. He was of Mexican race and nationality. He was 5 foot, 5 inches tall with a dark complexion and brown hair and eyes. His uncle, Epifanio Enriquez, lived in Allende and was his contact in Mexico56. On 4 March 1942 in Eagle Pass, Texas, he entered in the US with his son, Conrado Talamantes. He was 76 and white. He was born in San Jose, Coahuila57.

Felipa did not cross the border as often. On 11 January 1938, she arrived at Eagle Pass, Texas. She was traveling alone and was born in Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico. She was 58 years old. Her last permanent residence was Guerrero. She was white and a Mexican national. She had been

51 "Texas, Eagle Pass Arrival Manifests and Indexes, 1905-1954," Leonardo Talamantes, 55, arrived 25 August 1925 from Mexico. 52 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” Leonardo Talamantes, 56, arrived 21 June 1926 from Mexico. 53 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” Leonardo Talamantes, 55, arrived 24 August 1926 from Mexico. 54 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” Leonardo Talamantes, 62, arrived 23 December 1931 from Piedras Negras, Mexico. 55 "Texas, Eagle Pass Arrival Manifests and Indexes, 1905-1954," Leonardo Talamantes, 63, arrived 20 March 1933 from Mexico. 56 "Texas, Laredo Arrival Manifests, 1903-1955”, Leonardo Talamantes, 63, arrived 2 January 1934 from Mexico. 57 “United States Border Crossings from Mexico to United States, 1903-1957,” Leonardo Enrique Talamantes Enriquez, 76, arrived 4 March 1942 from Mexico.

8 lived in the US from 1915 until 193? [possibly 1936], residing in Crystal City, Texas. She spoke Spanish. She was 5 foot 4 inches and wore glasses. She was white and had a dark complexion, gray hair, and brown eyes and was in good health. Her destination was Crystal City, Texas to visit son Conrado Talamantes for 3 months. Her contact in Mexico was husband Leonardo Talamantes, in Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico58.

She also visited Tomas Talamantes in Incinal [Encinal], Texas on 8 April 1940. On 21 February 1941, she was admitted for 25 days to visit Conrado Talamantes in Crystal City59. She was admitted with form 594. A year later, on 9 April 1942, she was admitted again for 25 days to visit her son, Abel Talamantes, in Crystal City60. This is the last known border crossing that she made, and she passed away the next year.

Leonardo and Felipa moved back to Mexico between January 193461 and January 1938. They do not appear in the 1940 census, and her border crossing statement from January 193862 indicates she and Leonardo were living in Guerrero.

Generation 3: Conrado Talamantes and Enriqueta Villareal

Conrado was born 3 June 1905 San Jose, municipality of Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico and his birth was registered on the 10th. The parents, Leonardo E. Talamantes and Felipa Delgado, were living in San Jose. His paternal grandparents were Tomas Talamantes, deceased, and Felipa Enriquez, living in Allende. The maternal grandparents were Manuel Delgado, laborer, and Alejandra Delgado. Manuel lived in [Nuevo] Laredo, Tamaulipas, and Alejandra lived in San Jose63.

Conrado married Enriqueta Villarreal 22 February 192764, but it is unknown where. Enriqueta was born 28 February 190865,66 and passed away 1 April 1993 in San Jose, Santa Clara, California67. Conrado passed 5 away July 1999, also in San Jose, California68.

58 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” Felipa Delgado, 58, arrived 11 January 1938 from Guerrero, Mexico. 59 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” Felipa Delgado, 58, arrived 11 January 1938 from Guerrero, Mexico. 60 Ibid. 61 "Texas, Laredo Arrival Manifests, 1903-1955”, Leonardo Talamantes, 63, arrived 2 January 1934 from Mexico. 62 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” Felipa Delgado, 58, arrived 11 January 1938 from Guerrero, Mexico. 63 Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry, entry for Conrado Talamantes of San Jose (Coahuila, Mexico), born 3 June 1905. 64 Conrado D. Talamantes pension file, SS no. 456-14-8166, 1976, Records of the Railroad Retirement Board 1934-, National Archives Record Group 184; RRB-National Archives–Atlanta, Morrow, Georgia. 65 Social Security Administration, "United States Social Security Death Index," database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Conrado Talamantez, 1999, SS no. 456-14-8166. 66 Conrado D. Talamantes pension file, SS no. 456-14-8166, 1976, Railroad Retirement Board. 67 Social Security Administration, "United States Social Security Death Index," database, Ancestry (Ancestry.com : accessed 30 October 2019), entry for Enriqueta Talamantez, 1993, SS no. 548-62-9252. 68 Social Security Administration, "United States Social Security Death Index," database, Ancestry, entry for Conrado Talamantez, SS no. 456-14-8166.

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Conrado and Enriqueta had at least nine children together:

1. Conrado, born 2 January 1928. His birth registry in Piedras Negras states he was born to Conrrado Talamantes and Enrriqueta Villarreal in Crystal City, Texas, United States, 2 January 1928. His paternal grandparents were Leonardo Talamantes, originally from Crystal City, and Felipa Rodriguez [Enrique], originally from the Hacienda of San Vicente, Coahuila. His maternal grandparents were Andres Villarreal, originally from San Nicolas, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, and Maria de Jesus Rodriguez, originally from Guerrero, Coahuila69. He died 1 May 192870. 2. Pura was born in October 1928 in Crystal City, Texas, and passed away 18 September 1931 in Crystal City71. 3. Ector Jose, born about January 1931 and died 3 April 1931 in Crystal City, Zavala, Texas72. 4. LIVING 5. Conrado was born 2 Apr 1938 in Zavala County, Texas73, possibly Crystal City. He passed away in 2019, per the family. 6. LIVING 7. LIVING 8. LIVING 9. Juana was born 22 Feb 1954 in Zavala County, Texas to Conrado Talamantez and Enriqueta Villarreal74, probably in Crystal City. She passed away in 2019, per the family.

Life in Texas Conrado worked for the Missouri Pacific Railroad off and on from 1924 to 1942, helping to lay and maintain tracks. He worked in the Maintenance of Ways Department in Crystal City from 1924 to 1931, then La Pryor, Texas until 1933, and finally in Big Wells, Texas75.

69 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1861-1930,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), entry for Conrrado Talamantes of Piedras Negras (Coahuila, Mexico), born 2 June 1928; citing México, Coahuila, Registro Civil, Nacimientos, 1864–1930. Digital images. Archivo Estatal de Coahuila. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 70 “Coahuila, Mexico, Civil Registration Deaths, 1861-1999,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/i : accessed 2 November October 2019), entry for Conrado Talamantes of Piedras Negras (Coahuila, Mexico), died 1 May 1928; citing Registro Civil del Estado de Coahuila, México. Courtesy of the Academia Mexicana de Genealogia y Heraldica. 71 “Texas, Death Certificates, 1903-1982”, database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 2 November 2019), certificate image, Pura Talimontes, 18 September 1931, no. 45225; citing Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Death Certificates, 1903–1982. Austin, Texas, USA. 72 “Texas, Death Certificates, 1903-1982”, database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 2 November 2019), certificate image, Ector Jose Talamantes, 3 April September 1931, no. 21481; citing Texas Department of State Health Services. Texas Death Certificates, 1903–1982. Austin, Texas, USA. 73 “Texas, Birth Index, 1903-1997,” database, Ancestry, (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), entry for Conrado Talamantes, 2 April 1938; citing Texas Birth Index, 1903-1997. Texas: Texas Department of State Health Services. Microfiche. 74 Texas, Birth Index, 1903-1997,” database, Ancestry, (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), entry for Juana Talamantez, 22 February 1954; citing Texas Birth Index, 1903-1997. Texas: Texas Department of State Health Services. Microfiche. 75 Conrado D. Talamantes pension file, SS no. 456-14-8166, 1976, Railroad Retirement Board.

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In April 1930, Conrado and Enriqueta were living in Crystal City. They rented their home, which was not a farm, and was worth $400. Conrado was 24 and married at 21. He and his parents were born in Mexico. He was an alien and immigrated in 1918. He was working as a farm laborer and wasn’t a veteran. Enriquette [Enriqueta] was 22 and also born in Mexico. She was 19 when married. She immigrated in 1926 and was an alien. Both could read and write but not speak English76.

By April 1940, the family was living in a rural area outside of Crystal City. Conrado was 34, renting his home, a farm. He was married and had attended school through grade 2. He was born in Mexico and was an alien. He was a farm laborer and worked all of 1939, when his income was $200. In April 1935, the family was living in Crystal City, but in a different house. Enriqueta was 32 and had completed 5th grade. She was also an alien born in Mexico. Their children were [living] and Conrado, 2, both born in Texas and not in school77.

Conrado registered for the WWII draft in November 1940 in Crystal City, Texas. Under address, he wrote Crystal City, Zavala, Texas, with no street address. He was 35, born June 12, 1905 in Mexico. His employer was Jesse Nash of Crystal City. He was white, 5 foot 7, 155 pounds, brown hair and eyes and a light brown complexion78.

Crossing the Border Available records show Enriqueta traveled back and forth between Mexico more frequently than Conrado. Enriqueta’s first visit to the US was at 16 years old on 21 December 1924. She could read and write and was accompanied by sister Maria Rios. They entered the US at Eagle Pass, Texas. Her last residence was Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico. She had $3 with her. Their destination was illegible. The verso of the manifest card has numerous other crossings listed79.

Enriqueta, brother Juan Villarreal, and mother Maria de Jesus Rodriguez visited the US via the Eagle Pass border crossing in January 1926. 17-year-old Enriqueta had $1 with her. Her last

76 1930 U.S. Census, Ward 4, Crystal City, Zavala, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 254-4, sheet 20-A, household 307, Conrado Talamantes, accessed via “1930 United States Federal Census,” images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com), Texas > Zavala > Crystal City > Ward 4 > 254-4 citing NARA digital publication T626. 77 1940 U.S. Census, Justice Precinct 3, Zavala, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 254-7, sheet 14-B, household 398, Conrado Talamantes, accessed via “1940 United States Federal Census,” images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: 2 November 2019), Texas > Zavala > Justice Precinct 3 > 254-7; citing NARA digital publication T627. 78 “Selective Service Registration Cards, World War II: Multiple Registrations,” images, Fold3 (https://www.fold3.com : accessed 2 November 2019), card for Conrado Talamantz [Talamantez], serial no. 223, Local Draft Board, Crystal City, Zavala, Texas; citing The National Archives in St. Louis, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; WWII Draft Registration Cards for Texas, 10/16/1940 - 03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147; Box: 1183 79 Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villareal, 16, arrived 21 December 1924, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from Nonstatistical Manifests and Statistical Index Cards of Aliens Arriving at Eagle Pass, Texas, June 1905 - November 1929; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 26.

11 permanent residence was Piedras Negras. She had previously been in the US and could read and write80.

On 1 December 1926, 18-year-old Enriqueta arrived at the Eagle Pass border crossing with her mother, Maria de Jesus Rodriguez, 58. She was Mexican and had $6. She had previously been in the US. Her last residence was Piedras Negras and her destination was Crystal City, Texas. She was admitted for 15 days. They owned their home in Piedras Negras and were visiting brother and son, Juan Villarreal, at Catarina, Texas and would report out on the 16th. A note on the manifest sheet states they returned to Mexico on the 16th 81.

The next day, Enriqueta returned to the US via Eagle Pass by herself. She was 18 and born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico. She was single and could read and write. Her last permanent residence was Piedras Negras and her destination was Crystal City, Texas. She had been to the US before and had been a local since 1924. She listed an aunt, Maria Rodriguez Maldonado, and brother Jesus Villarreal in Crystal City, Texas, as contacts. Her purpose was coming to reside 1 year [?]. She was 5 foot 4, with a dark complexion, black hair and brown eyes. Her health was good82. If the statements given in the border crossings in 1934 and 1947 are correct, then this is the day that Enriqueta permanently moved to the US.

Enriqueta visited Mexico with son, [living] and born in Crystal City, Texas, and returned 2 May 1934 at Laredo, Texas. She was 25, married, and born in Piedras Negras. She was a Mexican national and her last permanent residence was Crystal City. Her mother, Maria de Jesus Rodriguez lived in Piedras Negras. She had been in the US since 17 December 1926 to 2 May 1934 in Crystal City. She was 5 foot 2 inches with a dark complexion and brown hair and eyes. She had never been deported and presented a Mexican passport showing admittance at Eagle Pass on 17 December 1926. Further notes on the manifest sheet are hard to read, but possibly say she resided there from March 1933 to January 193483.

80 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villarreal de Talamantes, 18, arrived 12 January 1926, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from Nonstatistical Manifests and Statistical Index Cards of Aliens Arriving at Eagle Pass, Texas, June 1905 - November 1929; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 26. 81 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villarreal, 18, arrived 1 December 1926, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from Nonstatistical Manifests and Statistical Index Cards of Aliens Arriving at Eagle Pass, Texas, June 1905 - November 1929; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 26. 82 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villarreal, arrived 17 December 1926, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from Nonstatistical Manifests and Statistical Index Cards of Aliens Arriving at Eagle Pass, Texas, June 1905 - November 1929; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 26. 83 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villarreal de Talamantes, 25, arrived 2 May 1934, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington D.C.; Manifests of Statistical and Some Nonstatistical Alien Arrivals at Laredo, Texas, May 1903 - April 1955; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 109

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At Eagle Pass, Conrado entered the US on 16 December 1943. This visit was five days after his mother passed away and he may have been visiting for her funeral. He was born in Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico, was married and working as a farmer. His last permanent address was Piedras Negras. His father, Leonardo Talamantes, was living in San Vicente, Municipality of Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico. His contact in Crystal City was wife Enriqueta Villarreal de Talamantes. He carried $10 with him and had never been deported. He was returning to reside. He was 5 foot 8 inches with a ruddy complexion, brown hair and light brown eyes. He presented Mexican passport Ord. #61 issued in Eagle Pass, Texas on 9 December 1943 and has complied with the Alien Registration Act of 194084.

Enriqueta arrived at the border crossing in Douglas, Arizona on 3 November 1947, accompanied by husband Conrado. She stated she was born 28 February 1908 in Piedras Negras, Mexico. She was 39 years, 9 months old and could read and write. She was a Mexican national and her last permanent residence was Crystal City, Texas, and Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico. Her mother, Maria de Jesus R. Villarreal was living in Piedras Negras. Enriqueta had been in the US from December 1926 to 2 November 1947, in Crystal City, Texas. Her contact in Crystal City was her sister-in-law, Martina Talamantes. She had never been arrested or deported and was returning to resume residence. She was 5 foot 3 inches tall, with a dark complexion and brown hair and eyes and a mole on her left cheek. She was previously admitted at Eagle Pass, Texas on 13 May 194685.

Move to California The first time Conrado and Enriqueta appear in a San Jose phone directory was 1962, going by the names Conrad and Henrieta and living at 2939 Patt Avenue in San Jose. Conrado was working as a machinist for Jalisco Products86. In 1969, he was a construction worker and they were living at 45 Scharff Avenue in San Jose. Son Conrad Jr. was living with them87. Conrado retired in 1970 and they moved to 398 South 20th Street in San Jose88. In the 1970s, he worked for Ozuna Products in San Jose89.

84 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com: accessed 30 October 2019), manifest card for Conrado Talamantes, 37, arrived 16 December 1943, “immigrant” status, from Guerrero, Coahuila, Mexico; imaged from The National Archives and Records Administration; Washington D.C.; Permanent and Statistical Manifests of Alien Arrivals at Eagle Pass, Texas, June 1905 - June 1953; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 29. 85 “Border Crossings: From Mexico to U.S., 1895-1964,” database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), manifest sheet for Enriqueta Villarreal de Talamantes, 39, arrived 3 November 1947, “immigrant” status, from Piedras Negras, Mexico; imaged from National Archives Manifests of Permanent and Temporary Alien Arrivals at Douglas, Arizona, September 10, 1906 - October 10, 1955; NAI: 2843448; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004.; Record Group Number: 85; Microfilm Roll Number: 13. 86 Polk’s San Jose (Santa Clara County) City Directory, 1962; image, “San Jose, California, City Directory, 1962,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), unpaginated; citing U.S. City Directories, 1822- 1995. 87 Polk’s San Jose (Santa Clara County) City Directory, 1969; image, “San Jose, California, City Directory, 1969,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), p. 1040; citing U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995. 88 Polk’s San Jose (Santa Clara County) City Directory, 1970; image, “San Jose, California, City Directory, 1970,” Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com : accessed 2 November 2019), p. 934; citing U.S. City Directories, 1822-1995. 89 Conrado D. Talamantes pension file, SS no. 456-14-8166, 1976, Railroad Retirement Board.

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Future Research Suggestions:

1. Order Martina Talamantes de Balderas Alien Case File at National Archives in Kansas City, 1944-2003 2. Request the naturalization file for Julia Talamantes Martinez, between 1930-1940, Texas. 3. The local catholic church in Crystal City, Sacred Heart, was founded in 1917. Contact them to request baptism, funeral, etc. records for the family. 4. Request the land records for Leonardo Talamantes, Crystal City.

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