1 ADDENDUM the Following Changes Have

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ADDENDUM The following changes have been made since the Maryland Manual went to press. It is suggested that the changes be noted in their proper places and this page destroyed. The Governor (page 21) Baltimore office new address: 1116-1125 O’Sullivan Building, Telephone: MUL. 4300. Comptroller of the Treasury (page 25) Baltimore office new address: 535 O’Sullivan Building. Board of Revenue Estimates (page 27) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman. Department of Budget and Procurement (page 30) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman as Director; James P. Slicher named Chief Budget Bureau. State Aviation Commission (page 39) William W. Gavin, Jr. replaces William Mason Sheehan. State Employees Standard Salary Board (page 47) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman. Board of Trustees State Employees’ Retirement System (page 48) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman. Board of Trustees Maryland State Police Retirement and Pen- sion Fund (page 49) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman. University of Maryland (page 56) Andrew G. DuMez, deceased. Department of Health (page 64) James P. Slicher transferred to the Department of Budget and Procurement (see above). Council on Medical Care (page 71) Andrew G. DuMez, deceased. Department of Public Welfare (page 73) Mrs. J. Enos Ray, deceased. Water Pollution Control Commission (page 89) new address: 2203 N. Charles Street, Baltimore. Maryland State Fair Board (page 90) P. C. Turner, Chairman; R. Nelson Phelps, Executive Secretary; new address: 25 West Chesapeake Avenue, Towson 4. Military Department (page 96) new address: Fifth Regiment Armory, Baltimore. Department of Public Improvements (page 107) new address: 13 E. Mount Royal Avenue, Baltimore. Department of Information (page 111) new address: State House, Annapolis. Maryland Cooperation Commission (page 130) James G. Rennie replaces Walter N. Kirkman. Judiciary of Maryland (page 167) 4th Judicial Circuit: Oliver H. Bruce, Associate Judge, succeeds William A. Huster; 5th Judicial Circuit: Benjamin C. Michaelson, Associate Judge, succeeds Marvin 1. Anderson. Judge of Orphans’ Court, Somerset County (page 196) Warren M. Evans succeeds Lacy West Tyler. County Welfare Boards (pages 209-213). Allegany County: Mrs. Walter Jeffries, resigned. Calvert County: Perry Bowen, Chairman; J. Gill Denton, County Commissioner, Barstow, 1949, replacing A. Claud Turner; Franklin Boyd, Prince Frederick, 1954, replacing Thomas B. Mackall. Charles County: Bernard L. Perry term expires 1949; Mrs. Charles A. Bauserman, Bryan’s Road, 1950, new appointee. Dorchester County: Kathleen H. Coll, Chairman; Dr. J. Walter Hastings, Cambridge, 1954, replacing Scott Willey. Prince George’s County: E. Susan Hendricks appointed Acting Director; H. Clay Whiteford, Chairman. AVorcester County: Samuel E. Shockley term expires 1949; Ray- mond J. Davis, Berlin, 1954, replacing Lena Bowen Layton.

992217

MARYLAND

MANUAL

1948-1949

Compiled By MORRIS L. RADOFF Archivist, Hall op Records

Issued By BERTRAM LEE BOONE II Secretary of State Annapolis, Maryland 20th Century Printing Co.. Inc. 406 W, REDWOOD STREET BALTIMORE 1. MD. FOREWORD

The purpose of the Maryland Manual is to present in concise form to the citizens of Maryland an account of their government— State, County, and Town. Since it is a publication of the State, the emphasis is primarily on the agencies of the State Government; that part having to do with local government is not intended to be more than a directory. Essays devoted to individual governmental agencies contain in each case reference to the legal status of the agency, its function, the name of the official in charge and the name of any governing board or commission, the current publications, if any, the number of persons employed, and the total annual budget. In addition to information about its government the citizens of Maryland have come to expect the Manual to contain a considerable amount of historical and miscellaneous information. All of this kind of information given in the past is included in the present volume and with some additions. Moreover, it has all been thoroughly checked with the original records now at the Hall of Records but formerly unavailable to the compilers of the Manual. This volume of the Manual is the first compiled by the Archivist of the Hall of Records. It has been entirely rewritten, although the form of past volumes has, for the most part, been retained. The task has proved to be long and difficult. Its accomplishment is due in great measure to the complete cooperation of every state agency. Special thanks are due the following: James P. Brock and Mary L. Wilson of the Secretary of State’s Office, who, with utmost patience, made available the official rosters kept by that office; the Clerks of the various County Courts, who checked the names of county officers; Dr. Carl Everstine, Assistant Director of the Department of Legisla- tive Reference, who prepared a corrected version of the Constitution and made a new index; John P. Trimmer, head of the Department of Information, who provided a new version of “Maryland at a Glance” and some miscellaneous information; and William H. Zander, Jr., of the Department of Budget and Procurement, who helped guide the book through the press. Of the members of the staff of the Hall of Records who helped, special mention is due John P. Hively, who with K. Elizabeth Brewer visited every agency and institution of the State Government; Gust Skordas, who checked the Maryland Charter, the lists of Maryland Governors, and some of the other historical material; Roger Thomas, who wrote the Historical Sketch of Maryland; Mary B. Ellershaw, Judith Palmquist, Peggy Benning, Angelyn Parks, and Lois Green, who typed the manuscript and helped with the proofs and index. Finally, the Compiler is grateful for the confidence of the Governor, who entrusted him with the task; the members of the Board of Public Works, who appropriated the additional funds required; and the members of the Hall of Records Commission, who approved the Manual as a project of the Hall of Records. Morris L. Radoff, Archivist. 3 WILLIAM PRESTON LANE, JR. Governor of Maryland William Preston Lane, Jr. was born May 12, 1892 at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland. He is the son of the late Colonel William P. Lane and Virginia Lee (Cartwright) Lane and the direct descendant of early settlers of Washington County and of several of the pioneer families of Southern Maryland, inculding the Maddoxes and Claggetts. Governor Lane is married to the former Dorothy Byron of Hagerstown, and he is the father of two daugh- ters, Dorothy Byron and Jean Cartwright Lane. Governor Lane graduated from the University of Vir- ginia with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1915. He was admitted to the Maryland Bar the next year, and has been admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court. He is a former member of the law firm of Lane, Bushong and Byron of Hagerstown. In addition to the practice of law, Governor Lane has been active in business. One of his interests is the Herald-Mail Company, publishers of two Hagerstown newspapers, of which he has been president since 1922. Civic and political affairs have engaged the interest of Governor Lane from his earliest manhood. He is a member of the Vestiy of St. John’s Parish (Protestant Episcopal) and a trustee of St. James’ School. He is also a former member of the Board of Education of Washington County, and he is at present a member of the Elks, Moose, and Eagles. A leading Democrat of Maryland, Governor Lane has been a delegate to five National Conventions (1928, 1932, 1940, 1944, and 1948), a Presidential Elector at Large (1936), State Treasurer (1940), and Chairman of the Campaign Commit- tee (1944). He has been Democratic National Committee- man since 1940. He was Attorney General of Maryland from 1930 to 1935 and a member of the Maryland Tax Revision Commission in 1938. He is serving his first term as Governor, having been elected in 1946. As a Captain in the National Guard, Governor Lane served on the Mexican Border in 1916. During World War I he served as Captain in the 115th Infantry where he saw , service in France, especially in the Meuse-Argonne Offen- sive. He was decorated with the Silver Star. After the Armistice he was promoted to a Majority and appointed Assistant Division Adjutant of the 29th Division. During World War II he assisted in the organization of the Mary- land State Guard and the Maryland Minute Men and was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel. Governor Lane’s present address is Government House, Annapolis; his home address is 943 Terrace, Hagerstown. 4 m tic*, ii I

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

o Page FOEEWOED . 3 GOVEENOE, BIOGEAPHY OF . . 4 MAEYLAND AT A GLANCE . . . 10 HISTOEICAL SKETCH OF MAEYLAND 11 STATE AGENCIES 19 Executive 21 The Governor 21 Governor’s Advisory Council 22 Governor’s Military Staff . . . 22 Secretary of State 22 Court of Appeals 23 Fiscal Agencies 24 Board of Public Works 24 Comptroller of the Treasury 25 State Appeal Board 27 Board of Eevenue Estimates 27 Bureau of Eevenue Estimates 27 State Treasurer 28 State Auditor 28 State Tax Commission 29 Department of Budget and Procurement. 30 Maryland Commission on Uniform Accounts . . . . 31 Law and Legislation 32 State Law Department 32 Department of Legislative Eeference 33 Commissioners for the Promotion of Uniformity of Legis- lation in the United States 33 Supervision of Business 34 State Bank Commissioner 34 Banking Board State Insurance Department 36 Administrator of Loan Laws 37 Public Service Commission 37 State Athletic Commission 38 State Aviation Commission 39 Board of Boiler Eules 39 Maryland State Board of Motion Picture Censors ... 40 Maryland Eacing Commission 40 Eeal Estate Commission 44 5 Table of Contents (Continued) Page Labor and Industrial Relations 42 Department of Labor and Industry 42 State Industrial Accident Commission 42 Medical Board for Occupational Diseases 43 State Accident Fund 44 Department of Employment Security 45 Supervision of State Employment 46 Department of State Employment and Registration . . 46 State Employees Standard Salary Board 47 Board of Trustees of the State Employees’s Retirement System 48 Board of Trustees Teachers’ Retirement System ... 49 Board of Trustees Maryland State Police Retirement and Pension Fund 49 Education 50 State Department of Education 50 State Teachers Colleges 52 Standard Maryland Colleges 53 Maryland State School for the Deaf 54 Maryland Workshop for the Blind 55 The University of Maryland 55 Maryland State College 58 Morgan State College 61 State Scholarships for Negroes 62 St. Mary’s Female Seminary 63 The Anatomy Board of the State of Maryland .... 63 Health, Welfare and Mental Hygiene 64 State Department of Health 64 Tuberculosis Sanatoria 70 The State Sanatorium 70 Eastern Shore Branch 70 Henryton Branch 70 Mount Wilson Branch . .' 70 Ritchie Hospital 70 Advisory Boards 71 Council on Medical Care 71 Advisory Board on Hospital Licensing 71 Advisory Council on Hospital Construction . . . . 72 Miners Hospital 72 State Department of Public Welfare 73 Training Schools 74 Cheltenham School for Boys 74 Maryland Training School for Boys 75 Maryland Training School for Colored Girls. ... 75 Montrose School for Girls 76 Governor’s Commission on Problems Affecting the Negro Population 76 Board of Mental Hygiene 77 Mental Hospitals 78 Crownsville State Hospital 78 Eastern Shore State Hospital 78 Spring Grove State Hospital 79 Springfield State Hospital 79 Rosewood State Training School 80 6 Table of Contents (Continued) Page Conservation of Natural Resources 80 Board of Natural Resources 80 Department of Tidewater Fisheries 81 Department of Game and Inland Fish 82 Department of State Forests and Parks 84 Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources . . 80 Bureau of Mines 87 Department of Research and Education 88 Water Pollution Control Commission 89 Promotion of Agriculture 90 State Board of Agriculture 55 Maryland State Fair Board 90 Inspector of Tobacco 91 Commissioner of Tobacco Marketing 91 Maryland Tobacco Authority 91 Maryland State Apple Commission 92 Correctional Agencies 93 Department of Correction 93 Penal Institutions 94 Maryland Penitentiary 94 Maryland House of Correction 94 Maryland State Reformatory for Males 95 Maryland State Reformatory for Women 95 Division of Parole and Probation 96 Protection of Persons and Property 96 Military Department 96 Department of Maryland State Police 98 Department of Post-Mortem Examiners 100 State Fuel Coordinator 101 State Roads and Motor Vehicles 101 State Roads Commission 101 Advisory Council on Highway Construction .... 102 Susquehanna River Bridge 103 Potomac River Bridge 103 Chesapeake Bay Ferry System 104 Department of Motor Vehicles 105 Maryland Traffic Safety Commission 106 Public Buildings and Improvements 106 Maryland State Planning Commission 106 Department of Public Improvements 107 Board of Architectural Review 108 Superintendent of Public Buildings and Grounds . . . 108 Library, Archives and Information 109 Maryland State Library 109 Commissioner of the Land Office 109 Hall of Records Commission 110 Department of Information Ill War Records Division 112 7 Table of Contents (Continued) Page Veterans’ Affairs 112 Maryland Veterans Commission 112 Maryland Veterans’ Housing Commission 113 War Memorial Commission 113 Arsenal and Veterans Commission 114 State Licensing and Examining Boards 114 State Board of Dental Examiners 114 Commissioners of Practical Plumbing ' 115 Boards of Medical Examiners 115 State Board of Examining Engineers 116 State Veterinary Medical Board 117 Board of Examiners of Horsesboers 117 State Board of Law Examiners 117 Board of Examiners of Public Accountants 118 State Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers . . . 119 Maryland Board of Pharmacy 119 Board of Barber Examiners 120 State Board of Examiners of Nurses 120 Board of Electrical Examiners and Supervisors . . . 121 Board of Examiners in Optometry 122 Board of Osteopathic Examiners 122 Board of Chiropody Examiners 123 State Board of Examiners of Moving Picture Machine Operators 123 State Board of Hairdressers and Beauty Culturists . . 124 State Board of Chiropractic Examiners 124 State Board of Examiners and Registration of Architects . 125 Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors 125 State Board of Physical Therapy Examiners .... 126 Regional Commissions 126 The Maryland-National Capital Parks and Planning Com- mission 126 Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission .... 128 Upper-Potomac River Commission 129 Inter-State Cooperation 130 Maryland Cooperation Commission 130 Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission .... 131 The Bi-State Chesapeake and Potomac Study Commission . 132 Inter-State Commission on the Potomac River Basin . . 132 LEGISLATURE 135 The General Assembly 137 Legislative Council 139 Roster of Members 140 Biographical Sketches of Members 145 JUDICIARY OF MARYLAND 163 Court of Appeals 167 Circuit Courts 167 Supreme Bench of Baltimore City 168 People’s Court of Baltimore City 168 8 Table of Contents (Continued) Page FISCAL INFORMATION . 169 Appropriations—State Agencies . . . 171 Appropriations—State-Aided Institutions 177 Combined Balance Sheet 182 Bonded Indebtedness 183 Investments ' 183 Property 184 Taxable Basis 188 State Tax Rates 189 OFFICERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT 191 Counties 193 Baltimore City ... . 220 GENERAL ELECTION RETURNS . 225 Governor 227 Senator, United States ...... 228 Attorney General ' ' 229 Comptroller of the Treasury .....' 230 Representatives, United States 231 Constitutional Amendments—results of referenda on 233 Judiciary 237 STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF MARYLAND 239 Democratic 241 Republican 245 CHARTER OF MARYLAND . 251 CONSTITUTION OF MARYLAND . 265 INDEX TO CONSTITUTION OF MARYLAND . 363 PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF MARYLAND- HISTORICAL LIST . 377 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 411 Legal Holidays 413 Names and Origin of Counties 413 Court Terms 416 Incorporated Towns .... 418 Area 423 Population—Census of 1940 423 Estimated Population 1947 . 433 Battle Flags 433 Newspapers 437 Radio Stations 440 GENERAL INDEX 441 ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Governor William Preston Lane, Jr. . . . facing 4 Chart of State Governmental Organization in Maryland . before 21 Map showing location of State Institutions 66 Photographs of State Structures between" 224-225 Map showing Judicial Circuits 165 Map showing Appellate Judicial Circuits . . . ! . 166 Map showing Congressional Districts ' 402 Colored Folder showing State Flag, Seal, Song, Flower, Bird and Tree inside back cover 9 MARYLAND AT A QLANCE

Population—-1,821,244; 28th state in rank (1940 U. S. Census). Area—10,577 square miles (9,887 land, 690 inland water); 41st state in size (U. S. Census). Geophysics—Maryland is divided into three chief regions: Appala- chian area, Piedmont Plateau, and Coastal Plain. First is moun- tainous, Great Backbone Mountain, Garrett County, highest peak— 3 340 feet- Piedmont Plateau is rich agricultural hilly land. Coastal p'lain includes south and east of “Fall Line,” so-called for frequency of waterfalls. Land drops to near sea level in Coastal Plain. Chesapeake Bay—State’s chief body of water, 180 miles long, 3 to 30 miles wide, greater producer of sea food than any comparable area. Chief Rivers—Potomac, Susquehanna, Choptank, Nanticoke, Elk, Patapsco, Sassafras, Magothy, Severn, Gunpowder, Bush, Miles, and Chester. Water frontage—Baltimore harbor about 40 miles; Chesapeake Bay and estuaries, 3,600 miles. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal furnishes an inland route to the sea capable of handling most merchant ships. Forest area—2,230,000 acres, about one-third state’s land surface. Estimated value (1942) $50,000,000. State forests—Cedarville 3,510 acres; Doncaster 1,464; Elk Neck 3,762; Green Ridge 25,451; Poco- , moke 12,377; Potomac 12,057; Savage River 51,517; and Swallow Falls 7,133. State parks—E\k Neck 995 acres; Fort Frederick 279; Gambrill 1,088; Patapsco 1,582; Washington Monument 96; Wye Oak 1.5; Gathland 101. Industries—Most important: iron, steel, transportation equipment, food and kindred products, clothing, chemicals and allied products, electrical and other machinery, printing and publishing. Agriculture—Total product value (1946) $207,000,000. Broilers most important. Others, in order of importance: milk, vegetables, livestock, corn, tobacco, wheat, and fruit. Maryland leads all states in tomato canning. Seafood Production: oysters, 2,157,838 bushels (1946-47 season); crabs 2,509,320 pounds, softshell (number) 7,760,490, “peelers” (number) 11,543,068 (1947); finfish—striped bass (rock), 1,556,- 703 pounds; croaker, 2,215,482 pounds; shad, 716,384 pounds; gray trout, 1,363,631 pounds; alewives, 3,497,337 pounds; white perch, 655,270 pounds (1946). Mine output—coal, 2,049,996 tons; fire clay, 202,054 tons (1947). Baltimore’s port—stood first in exports in 1947, handling 13,624,204 irons. In import tonnage it was second to New York. Cities—(over 10,000 population) Baltimore 895,100; Cumberland 39,- 483; Hagerstown 32,491; Frederick 15,802; Salisbury 13,313; An- napolis 13,069; Cambridge 10,102 (1940 census). 10 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MARYLAND Exploration In 1498, when John Cabot, a man of Italian birth employed by the English, coasted along the Atlantic seacoast, he became, in all probability, the first white man to see Maryland—the eastern shore of Worcester County was what he saw. Twenty-six years later Giovanni Verazzini, another Italian working for French interests, passed the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. For a half-century after that the Bay had no explorers. Virginia colonists have the credit of this “discovery”; in 1603 Captain Bartholomew Gilbert made entrance for more careful exploration. But the great explorer who saw many other parts of North America, as well, was the intrepid Captain John Smith. In 1608 he began to carry out the instruction of the London Virginia Company to “find some spring which runs the contrary way toward the East India sea”. With fourteen companions in “an open barge of two tunnes burden”. Smith started up the Chesapeake. Every inlet and bay “fit for harbours and habitations” was entered, and all the islands were inspected. The results were incorporated in what Smith called “A Map of Virginia”, published in England in 1612. Reprinted many times shortly thereafter, the map shows that Smith’s voyagers paid close attention to the Eastern Shore, examined the Potomac carefully, but had a hazy idea of the western head of the Bay and a generalized notion only of the lower Western Shore. Until Lord Balti- more in 1670 authorized as cartographer Augustine Her- man, a Bohemian living in the New Netherlands Colony, most knowledge of Maryland came from John Smith’s map and narrative. Aborigines It is to Smith, also, that we owe our first knowledge of the pre-European settlers on the land of what was later Maryland. Smith’s account is bewildering with Indian names; one soon recognizes the adaptations of these same queer-sounding names in present-day Maryland. The Vir- ginia explorer speaks of Yingoteagues, Assateagues, Ma- rumscos, Annamesses, Wiccomicos, Nanticokes, Conoys, Trasquakins, Choptanks, Monoponsons, Matapeakes, Ozin- ies, Tockwoghes, Nattwas, Susquehannocks, Conestogas, Piscattaways, Chopticos, Mattawomans, Patuxents, Aqua- socks, Seccowomocos, and others. Despite this multiplicity of names, these Indians were all of Algonquin stock, save for the Susquehannocks at the headwaters of the Bay and ii 12 MARYLAND MANUAL

the Anacostans on territory around present-day Washing- ton. Invading tribes made forays from the North and at times lived on Maryland territory, and these Indians were of the Five Nations—Senecas and Iroquois. Later history records raids by other kinds of Indians, accompanied by violence and massacres, generally in western Maryland.

The “Ark” and the “Dove” The projector of the Maryland colony was the first Lord Baltimore—George Calvert, a Yorkshireman whose devo- tion to James I had first made him Secretary of State, later Baron of Baltimore (1619), and finally given him a grant of land for a colony in Newfoundland. This unpropitiously cold territory Calvert called “Avalon” or “Ferryland”; but he had no peace, as invading French made continuous residence untenable. For eight months in 1627 Lord Baltimore attempted to live in Avalon with his family; then he left planti 1 ito warmerthe southward”, climate ofbut Virginia. on his return His intentionto England, was Lord “to Baltimore persuaded Charles I, James’ successor, to give charter of his own composition. On presentation to the King, blanks were left for the name of the colony and the date. It is said that Charles filled in the name Terra Mariae to honor Henrietta Maria, his French queen. Before June 20, 1632 when the charter was dated, George the First Lord Baltimore, died and was succeeded by his son, Cecil. It was the Second Lord Baltimore who organized the expedition to Maryland in two vessels, the Ark of 360 tons and the Dove of 60 tons. Assisting him was the Jesuit priest, Father Andrew White, for Cecil, as his father had been since 1624, was a Roman Catholic. Father White with two members of the Calvert family (not including the Proprietor), sailed from Cowes on the Isle of Wight on November 22, 1633. How many took passage and how many were Catholics we do not know. One hundred and twenty-eight took the oath of supremacy which Catholics always refused to accept; yet the Ark alone was twice the size of the Plymouth Colony’s Mayflower, which had carried over one hundred passengers. January 1634 saw the two vessels at the Barbados where they delayed for twenty days. On February 24th Leonard Calvert, as lieutenant-governor, put in at Point Comfort Virginia. The first stop within the limits placed by thp charter—“from Watkin’s Point unto that part which heth under the fortieth degree of north latitude”—was at MARYLAND MANUAL 13

St. Clements Island. The celebration of mass here on An- nunciation Day has fixed for tradition March 25th as the date of arrival of Maryland’s first settlers, as well as the name, St. Mary’s City. It was, however, some time after that that the Yaocomico Indians, holding the coveted territory, sold their possessions to the newcomers, and the first site, called then “Augusta Carolana”, was available. A palisade was erected immediately.

Government from St. Mary’s City For upwards of sixty years, the Province centered around St. Mary’s City. The Assembly, set up very soon after a food supply had been assured and protection against enemies provided, was made up of the freemen, i. e., plant- ers and settlers. The combined efforts of all the settlers were needed, moreover, to cope with the almost immediate difficulty that arose with white settlers from Virginia who had begun trading with the Indians before the Calvert party arrived. The foremost among these men was Cap- tain William Claiborne, a trader with headquarters on Kent Island. The dispute is sometimes known as the Cal- vert-Claiborne controversy. After a naval skirmish and slight loss of life, Claiborne was declared an outlaw March 24, 1637. “Ingle’s War” was another vexation in the peaceful order- ing of the new colony. Richard Ingle was a vigorous parti- san of Parliament in the oncoming struggle with the King that was to produce the Commonwealth. Coming to Mary- land as a mariner in 1645, he exceeded any legal powers he might have had and took possession of St. Mary’s City, making prisoner members of the Assembly. The affair ended inconclusively in 1647, but Ingle, meanwhile, arrested and took in chains to England Father White and Father Copley. Act of Toleration The bigotry implicit in Ingle’s special irritation at Cath- olic priests and Royalists makes especially pointed the solici- tude Lord Baltimore showed at this period for freedom of conscience. As early as 1648, the Puritan Governor of Massachusetts, John Winthrop, had spoken approvingly of Governor Calvert as “for free liberty of religion”. The Governor had taken a more liberal attitude on the question of Puritan settlers, surely, than had the administrators of Virginia. The “Act concerning Religion” which the Mary- land Assembly passed in 1649 gives Maryland rightful claim 14 MARYLAND MANUAL to being the first civil regime to recognize freedom of conscience. The fact that within sixty years after the passage of this law Catholics were severely repressed under an “Act to prevent the growth of popery” does not detract from the boldness of Lord Baltimore’s action in the mid- seventeeth century. The downfall of Charles I and the rise of the Common- wealth were more serious events for the Maryland residents than for other colonists in America. But Oliver Cromwell left Lord Baltimore in undisturbed charge of the Province. Emboldened by this, Governor William Stone attempted to reduce the Puritan settlements on the Severn but came close to losing his life by execution after a decisive victory for the settlers in Providence (Annapolis).

Growth and Expansion The newcomers to other parts of the geographical charter limits of the Province, Proprietary, or Palatinate (as it was sometimes called) were not so bellicose as those in Providence. Settlement soon went far afield from the old Yaocomico village. By the end of the seventeenth century eight counties had established themselves, each with its court and complement of officials. The towns were few; great estates abounded, from whose river fronts trade and traffic departed. The great commerce was in tobacco, which even substituted for currency during much of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Until custom-house centers were set up (1683), there was nothing to break the power of the landed gentry. Gradually what Indian troubles had existed were smoothed out by treaty, such as that of 1652 when the Susquehannocks submitted under the poplar tree said to be the one still to be seen in Annapolis, on the St. John’s College campus. The Proprietors, always a line of Calverts with the title “Lord Baltimore,” continued, until the death of the sixth and last in 1771. In the time of James II, who desired to have all lands under the Crown, and again in the “Revolution” (before William and Mary held the throne securely), the Calverts had difficulties, but these were not reflected in any disadvantage to the Province. Neither the virtual outlawry of the Proprietors after 1691 (lifted with the accession of the Fourth Lord Baltimore) nor the establishment of the Church of England as the “official” religion proved too disturbing. If Puritanism waned, there was certainly room made for the settlement of other dissenters, notably Quakers. Culturally the three most important MARYLAND MANUAL 15 changes in the seventeenth century were the establishment of a printing press—William Nuthead’s—the departure of the Governor and Assembly from St. Mary’s to Annapolis, and the passage of the “Act for the encouragement of Learning” (October 18, 1694). This last was the prelude to the opening of King William’s School, the third institution of its sort in the colonies. As the new century appeared, about 35,000 people made up the population of Maryland. More than ten per cent of these were Negro slaves—slavery having been established within five years after settlement. Another large group were “bound men”, or indentured servants. Many of the latter soon became “redemptioners” and often, in time, the owners of extensive property.

After the “Restoration” With the restoration of his proprietary rights, Charles Calvert, Fifth Lord Baltimore, reassumed control of his colony. A minor at that time, in later life his interests were in English politics—for many years he was a member of Parliament—and development in Maryland was accordingly without much control from without. Furthermore, a strong “County”, as separate from a Proprietary, party manifested itself in the General Assembly. Significant among the expansionist movements in Charles Calvert’s time were the founding of a settlement at Balti- more Town (July 30, 1729) and the beginnings of Western Maryland (1735). Swedes and Dutch on the Delaware River, having found the Maryland charter’s geographical limits vague, pressed for a boundary line. In 1732 this was established for Delaware, but at the other limitations final boundary judgements had to wait till the early twentieth century. In the meantime one of the consequences of dispute with Pennsylvania was a survey by two Englishmen, Jeremiah Dixon and Charles Mason, hence the “Mason and Dixon Line.”

Frontier Development and Warfare In Western Maryland boundary disputes made for violence; therefore Thomas Cresap, Maryland’s heroic fron- tiersman, figures as an outlaw in Pennsylvania’s history. In this same quarter warfare flared, not only sporadically with Indians, but also systematically when the French, making claim to West Empire, began to drive out the trad- ers of the Ohio Company. As this trading venture was 16 MARYLAND MANUAL largely Virginian in character, the Maryland Assembly was stern against Governor Horatio Sharpe and refused to vote funds or raise troops. Edward Braddock, the British general deputed to drive back the French, operated within Western Maryland, but even his rout and death failed to spur Maryland. Prelude to Revolution The accession in 1751 of Frederick Calvert, a “gay young blade”, to the title of Lord Baltimore meant less interfer- ence from the Proprietor, therefore Marylanders transferred their complaints from the Proprietary to the British Government. Conflict between French and English only sharpened the point. Debts to English merchants, lack of a proper colonial currency, and taxes on imports led Mary- land, this time in common with other colonies, to take drastic action. The joint protest against the Townshend Acts was made ineffective by repeal of those laws, but a strong feeling of rebellion remained. Maryland takes credit for first refusing to pay taxes under the Stamp Act; cate- gorical repudiation took place in Frederick County on No- vember 23, 1765. Support of Boston was vigorous after that port was closed in 1774; and the Boston Tea Party had its counterpart when a tea ship, the Peggy Stewart, was burned in Annapolis harbor. In both the First and Second Continental Congresses and in the signing of the Declaration of Independence (fore- shadowed here by the Maryland “Association of Freemen,” nearly a year earlier) Maryland played lead roles.

The Revolutionary War From the first skirmish in Boston to the surrender at Yorktown, Maryland soldiers saw service. Despite alarms, only once did the British—by water at Vienna—set foot on Maryland soil. Pulaski’s Legion was organized in Baltimore, Baron de Kalb and Lafayette spent some time in Maryland, and here it was that in 1783 the Continental Congress met. George Washington passed into civilian life in the Senate Chamber of the State House at Annapolis on December 23, 1783. The treaty with Great Britain, ending the war, was ratified in Annapolis.

Second British Conflict On April 28, 1788 Maryland became the seventh state to ratify a constitution she had, through her leadership in the MARYLAND MANUAL 17 revision of the Articles of Confederacy, done much to formulate. _ Serious agricultural problems remained with ex- haustion of the tobacco lands. Slavery was becoming a burden, and currency problems vexed Maryland’s economic life- In the formation of a new nation, Maryland did its part by sacrificing its territory and advancing money for public buildings to form the District of Columbia (1791). To offset some of the difficulties, Baltimore had grown until it was five times as great as the flourishing port of the “Golden Age”, Annapolis. Early in the new century exports from Maryland ports reached the $14,000,000 mark. The shipping such figures represented was seriously hampered by British policy. The American protest was the War of 1812- In this conflict Maryland began by assisting the nation m Canada; but British naval supremacy soon the war south. From 1813 Maryland stood the brunt 2* ® 'Y.ar’ and for a time England had all its own way. 31 rces rou e( at the Battle° of Bladensburg^ f Marylanders and burned on their the own public territory build- “P °f Washington. But the later attacks on North Point (Baltimore) and Fort McHenry failed. In the latter bombardment, a Marylander, Francis Scott Key, had the inspir- ation for the “Star Spangled Banner”

The War Between The States After 1815 the state went on more vigorous than ever. A national pike was completed to Ohio, two canals and a railroad were put in operation, and Baltimore increased enormously m population. By sharing the industrial and commercial interests of the North and West, Marylanders were put in a peculiar position when the secessionist move- ment began. _ Though the very first action of the state was suppression of the rebellion at Harper’s Ferry (“John s Buid ) ; two years later the Baltimoreans showed a different spirit when they attacked the Sixth Massachu- setts .Regiment on its way to relieve Washington. Enraged poetica! comment on this event by a Marylander resident m the deep South produced the state song, “Maryland, Mv Maryland”. Maryland lemained in the Union, but many a Confederate soldier was also recruited in the state. Lee occupied Fred- erick, and later in the war occurred the Battles of South Mountain Antietam and Monocacy. Unionist sympathizers held the state government in line, and, in 1864, modified the Constitution to abolish slavery. 18 MARYLAND MANUAL

Years of Peace Between the end of the war and the beginning of the next century, the boom in industry and commerce brought business to Baltimore and the state, an increase in rail and water facilities, and made large philanthropies possible. Three of these, the gift of more than $1,000,000 by a quondam Baltimore resident, George Peabody, who had made a fortune in England; the endowment of a university by the merchant, Johns Hopkins (1876); and the gift of a public library by Enoch Pratt benefited the state as well as its largest city. Notwithstanding the setback of the fire of 1904, Baltimore’s progress and population increased with every decade. Later History The story of the twentieth century in Maryland is largely one of detailed statistics- As Baltimore forged ahead to be the seventh city in the country, the state ranked only twenty-eighth in point of population. In World War I approximately 75,000 of its citizens represented the state’s service in the conflict. The martial activities of the United States also appeared in the many Federal establishments on Maryland soil, of which the United States Naval Academy (Annapolis), opened in 1845, is the oldest. Fort George G. Meade occupied over 7,500 acres near Odenton; the United States Army had a proving ground at Aberdeen and an arsenal at Edgewood. Between wars, Maryland assumed a forward-looking attitude. Legislation was enacted to create old-age and mother’s pensions, to give aid to dependent children and to assist the needy blind. In World War II about 250,000 Marylanders served. More than ever before, state industrial power—particularly that devoted to the building of ships and aircraft—fought the “Battle for Materials”. Fort Meade was enlarged and rebuilt; at Port Deposit the Navy placed its extensive training center, Camp Bainbridge; Andrews Field in Prince George’s County and the United States Naval Air Station at Patuxent were set up. The beginning of the post-war era found Maryland in the midst of a period of rapid industrial expansion. The increased wealth of the people has made possible the projection of a great road and bridge-building program including a bridge over the Chesapeake Bay, an expanded budget for educational purposes, and the consideration of proposals for building or rehabilitation of its governmental plant. State Agencies

MARYLAND MANUAL 21 THE GOVERNOR William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor, 1951 Louis J. O’Donnell, Assistant to the Governor Chester F. Tucker, Executive Secretary State House, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2666 1003 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 4300 The Governor is the Chief Executive officer of the State and the Commander-in-Chief of its military forces. He is elected by popular vote for a term of four years, his term of office beginning on the Second Wednesday of January following his election. To be eligible for the office of Governor, a person must be at least thirty years of age, and must have been for ten years a citizen of the State, and for hve years preceding the date of his election a resident of the State. At the time of his election, he must also be a qualified voter of the State (Const. 1867, Art. II, secs. 1, 2, 5). ,. ^Js the duty of the Governor to submit to each biennial session of the General Assembly, a budget for each of the next two ensuing fiscal years. He shall also make recommendations for the raising of the principal and interest of the State’s indebtedness. The Governor may also >ntorm the Genera1 Assembly at any time of the condition of the State (II, 19; III, 52b). The Governor must sign all bills or concurrent resolutions, before they become law. However any bill which he vetoes may be passed without his signature by three-fifths of the total number of members of each house of the General Assembly, or should the Governor, while the Legislature is in session fail to return any bill with his objections within six days, then the Act becomes law aiifnmn 1 i- 22 MARYLAND MANUAL

arrest of any person so wanted. The Governor may also ask for the return to this State of any prisoner or person of another State wanted for the violation of the laws of Maryland (II, 20). 1948 1949 Appropriations $78,107 $78,473 Staff: 10. o GOVERNOR’S ADVISORY COUNCIL James J. Lacy, Comptroller Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer Hall Hammond, Attorney General Tasker G. Lowndes, Chairman of the State Board of Educa- tion Harry Clifton Byrd, President and Executive Officer of the University of Maryland and State Board of Agriculture Reuben Oppenheimer, Director Department of Correction J. Milton Patterson, Director Department of Public Welfare Robert H. Riley, M.D., Director of Health Robert M. Reindollar, Director Department of Public Works W. Lee Elgin, Commissioner of Motor Vehicles Hamilton R. Atkinson, Police Commissioner of Baltimore City John E. Clark, Chairman Board of Natural Resources Walter D. Owens, Commissioner of State Employment, and Registration The Advisory Council is authorized to meet with the Governor from time to time for the consideration of general State policy, finances, and institutional work and conditions (Code 1947, Supp. Art. 41, sec. 41). GOVERNOR’S MILITARY STAFF Chief of Staff: Major General Milton A. Reckord, The Adjutant General The Governor is authorized to appoint at his pleasure a military staff to consist of the Adjutant General and not more than twelve aides selected from the commissioned officers of the State Militia (Code 1939, Art. 65, sec. 9). o SECRETARY OF STATE Bertram Lee Boone II, Secretary of State James P. Brock, Administrative Assistant State House, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2666 The office of Secretary of State was created in 1837 by an amendment to the Constitution of 1776. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate and serves during the Governor’s term (Const. 1867, Art. II, sec. 22). The Secretary of State acts as general secretary to the Governor attesting his signature on all public documents, commissions, warrants, proclamations and such other public papers as may be required. The Secretary is the custodian of the Great Seal of the State (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. MARYLAND MANUAL 23

42). The results of all referenda and constitutional amendments submitted to the. electorate are certified by the Secretary. He keeps and publishes the results of elections held in the State; and in addition, keeps the records of the State Board of Canvassers of which he is a member (Code 1939, Art. 33, secs. 127, 220). A record of all commissions issued and all appointments made by the Governor is kept by his office (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. 67). This office also maintains a record of trade marks and trade names used within the State. There is also maintained here a registry of the employees of agents and counsels who appear before the General Assembly in connection with any act or proposed act, and all such persons must declare, under oath, the amounts expended by them while engaged in such activity. The Secretary of State is also the legally designated attorney for non- resident drivers involved in accidents on Maryland highways, and all processes or warrants served upon him, in this connection, have the same legal effect as though they were served upon the individual (Code 1939, Art. 56, secs. 188-90). Publications: Maryland Manual, 1945-46. Election Laws of Maryland, Annapolis, 1946, 1948. The Constitution of Maryland, Annapolis, 1946. 1948 1949 Appropriations $21,726 $18,816 Staff: 6. o COURT OF APPEALS Chief Judge: Ogle Marbury, Second Appellate Circuit Laurel, 1952 Associate Judges: Stephen R. Collins, First Appellate Circuit Chestertown, 1957 C. Gus Grason, Second Appellate Circuit Towson, 1951 Edward S. Delaplaine, Third Appellate Circuit Frederick, 1957 William L. Henderson, Fourth Appellate Circuit Baltimore, 1961 Charles Markell, Fourth Appellate Circuit Baltimore, 1961 Maurice Ogle, Clerk of the Court James Lloyd Young, Chief Deputy Clerk Malcolm J. Coan, Court. Reporter Court of Appeals Bldg., Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4261-2411 The Court of Appeals is the highest tribunal of the State of Mary- land. It was created by the Constitution of 1776. From 1776 to 1805 the Court sat in Annapolis, on the Western Shore. Between 1805 and 1851 Easton on the Eastern Shore as well as Annapolis was the meeting place of the Court. Since 1851 the Court has met only at Annapolis. By the terms of the reorganization Act of 1943, the Court is composed of five judges, one being elected from each of the first three Appellate Judicial Circuits and two from the Fourth Appellate Judi- cial Circuit which is Baltimore City. The terms of the Judges are for fifteen years. The reorganization Act further provided that all Judges sitting on the Court at the time of the reorganization, other than those representing the Appellate Circuits, should continue to 24 MARYLAND MANUAL

serve until their term expires (Const. 1867, Art. IV, sec 14 [as amended 1944]). At the present time there are six judges. The Chief Judge of the Court is designated by the Governor. The Court hears appeals from the decisions and verdicts of the Circuit Courts. The Court also admits all eligible candidates to the State Bar. The term of the Court begins the first of October in each year. The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals is the Chief Administra- tive officer of the State’s judiciary. The Court, of Appeals is empowered to make rules for the conduct of the practice and procedure in that Court and the various Circuit Courts of the State (IV, 18A). The Court may also assign the Judges of the various Circuits to duties in other Circuits for the purpose of relieving the backlog of accumulated cases. The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is appointed by the Court (IV, 17). He is the Administrative Officer of the Court. He maintains the docket, receives the briefs and transcripts of all appeals filed with the Court, and maintains official custody of the decisions of the Court, the Acts of the General Assembly, and of all other records which the law may require to be filed with the Court. The Court Reporter, who is also appointed by the Court, is responsible for the publication of the Maryland Reports which contain the official opinions of the Court. Publications: Maryland Reports, Number 85. 1948 1949 Appropriations $127,871 $127,871 Staff: 14. • o BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer Joseph O’C. McCusker, Secretary 1006 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 4800 The Board of Public Works is composed of the Governor, the Comptroller, and the State Treasurer (Const. 1867, Art. 12, sec. 1). The Board exercises such powers and duties as may be delegated to it in regard to the creation of the State debt. All contracts for the expenditures of the proceeds of loans authorized by the General As- sembly are subject to the approval of the Board. The Board supervises the expenditure of all sums appropriated for the acquisition of land, building's, equipment, new construction and other capital expenditures, except in connection with State roads, bridges and highways; the contracts for the former expenditures are subject to the approval of the Board, after review by the Director of Budget and Procurement. The Board has the power to approve every new lease or renewal for land, buildings or office space before it is executed by any department, board, commission, State officer or institution of the State. It may also designate the location of any State agency, after review by the Director of Budget and Procurement. The Board may borrow upon the credit of the State, at any time between the biennial session of the General Assembly, sums not to ex- MARYLAND MANUAL 25 ceed $50,000, to meet temporary deficits in the treasury; and in addition, it may borrow upon the credit of the State total amounts not exceeding $1,000,000 in anticipation of taxes levied for any year. All such loans shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Board, and shall mature and be repaid on or before the end of the biennium in which the money is borrowed. The Board has power to adopt rules and regulations, upon recommendation of the Comptroller, covering matters of business administration in the various departments, institutions and agencies of the State, including the fixing of uniform rates of mileage allowance, and the terms and renewals of all bonds furnished by State officials and employees. The sale, lease or transfer of any property, either real or personal belonging to any State agency or institution must be approved, and the conveyance signed by the Board and the highest official of the agency or institution. In cases where no agency or institution claims the property the Board shall execute the conveyance. The Board of Public Works also has custody of the Emergency Appropriation Funds which are used to supplement the budgets of the agencies and institutions of the State. The Board of Public Works also has power to authorize the disposal of the records of any agency or institution of the State, when those records have not been accepted by the Hall of Records Commission (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 78A, secs. 1-8B; 9-13). Publications: Report of the Board of Public Works to the Gen- eral Assembly of Maryland, 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations $7,315 $7,540 Staff: 1. o COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury, 1951 Joseph O’C. McCusker, Chief Deputy Comptroller John F. Wilson, Deputy Comptroller Edna O. Dempsey, Deputy Comptroller Abbie M. Sullivan, Deputy Comptroller George E. Gannon, Chief Accountant Mathew A. Powers, Chief License Inspector Bernard Nossel, Chief Gasoline Tax Division Roger V. Laynor, Chief Alcoholic Beverage Tax Division Roger C. Paxson, Chief Income Tax Division Walter E. Kennedy, Chief Retail Sales Tax Division State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2361 The Office of the Comptroller of the Treasury was established in 1851. The Comptroller is elected by popular vote for a term of four years (Const. 1867, Art. VI, sec. 1). He has general superintendance over the fiscal affairs of the State, preparing plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the support of the public credit. The Comptroller’s Office maintains the central accounting office of the State, approving warrants for all money to be paid out of the Treasury. The Comptroller or his deputies countersign all checks drawn by the Treasurer upon the deposits of the State. The Comptroller prescribes the formalities for the transfer, or other evi- 26 MARYLAND MANUAL dence of the State debt, countersigning the same. The office of the Comptroller superintends and enforces the prompt collection of all taxes and revenue. The office of the Comptroller is further responsible for the administration and collection of the following specific taxes: the income tax, both personal and corporate; the retail sales and use taxes; the admission tax, and the gasoline tax, each of which is collected and administered by separate divisions established for the purpose. The Alcoholic Beverage tax division collects the taxes on such beverages, and licenses transportation companies selling alcoholic beverages and warehouses for the storage thereof. The office of the Comptroller is further required to prescribe the form of all licenses required by the State Licensing laws which are issued through the Clerks of the Courts of the various counties. The License Bureau is also responsible for the enforcement of the State License Laws. The Comptroller’s office is further responsible for the distribution of certain taxes and revenue to the local subdivisions and other state agencies as prescribed by law (Code 1939 & 1947 Supp. Art. 19, secs. 6-35). a The Offices of the Comptroller of the Treasury located in Baltimore for the convenience of the public are: Comptroller of the Treasury 1001 Davison Building Telephone: Plaza 2701 State License Bureau (only office) 1012 Davison Building Telephone: Plaza 2703 Alcoholic Beverage Tax Division 706 Davison Building Telephone: Plaza 6107 Income Tax and Admissions Tax Divisions Pythian Building North Charles at Preston Streets Telephone: Vernon 5986 Income Tax: Dundalk Office Dundalk Building Dundalk 22, Maryland Telephone: Dundalk 1428 Retail Sales Tax Division (only office) 15 West Baltimore Street Telephone: Saratoga 5535 Publications: Annual Report of the Comptroller of the Treasury, 1946,1947 Annual Report, Alcoholic Beverage Division, 1946, 1947 Alcoholic Beverage Laws, 1947 Retail Sales and Use Tax Laws, 1947 Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $611,454 $620,513 Special Funds — 87,760 87,910 Special Funds (Retail Sales Tax Division) 450,000 450.000 $1,149,214 $1,158,423 Staff: 341. MARYLAND MANUAL 27

STATE APPEAL BOARD Chairman: L. Franklin Purnell Walter E. Buck, Herbert H. Rosenbaum Louis R. Schuerholtz, Secretary 1012 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 2700 The State Appeal Board was established in 1933. It was designated by law as the “State License Bureau’’ until 1947, when the name was changed (Acts of 1947, ch. 501, sec. 2A). The Board is composed of three members appointed by the Comptroller of the Treasury subject to the approval of the Governor. The Comptroller designates the Chairman of the Board (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 2B, sec. 134). The Board acts in place of a county board of license commissioners in the counties of Charles, Queen Anne’s, and Somerset (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 2B, sec. 134(b) ). The Boaa'd hears appeals from the decisions of the licensing authorities in Anne Arundel (except Annapolis), Dorchester, Wicomico and Worcester Counties. For the counties of Anne Arundel, Dorchester and Wicomico, the decision of the Board is final; but in the remaining four counties appeals may be taken to the Circuit Court. (Art. 2B, secs. 147, 151). The Board meets within the time prescribed by law after the filing of an appeal, request or complaint at the County Seat of the county in which the action originated. Appropriations: The appropriation for the expenses of the Board are included in the budget of Alcoholic Beverage Divi- sion, Comptroller of the Treasury. Publications: The annual report of the board is included with the Comptroller’s Annual Reports and the Annual Reports of the Alcoholic Beverage Division. Staff: 3. _—_o BOARD OF REVENUE ESTIMATES BUREAU OF REVENUE ESTIMATES James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury Hooper S. Miles, State Treasurer Walter N. Kirkman, Director Department of Budget and Procurement W. Irvin Young, Chief, Bureau of Revenue Estimates State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2361 The Board of Revenue Estimates and the Bureau of Revenue Esti- mates were created in 1945. The Board is composed of the Comp- troller of the Treasury, the State Treasurer and the Director of Budget and Procurement. It is the duty of the Board to study the findings and recommendations of the Bureau and upon the basis of such study send to the Governor, for submission to the General As- sembly, an itemized statement of anticipated revenues for the succeeding two fiscal years, together with such other recommendations as the Board may deem necessary. It is the duty of the Bureau to study and analyze all sources of revenue, to prepare for the Board the facts and findings for its itemized statement, to make and devise more equitable and economical means of collection of such revenue, and to devise and recommend new sources of revenue (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, sec. 134A). Appropriation: Included in the Comptroller’s Appropriation. Staff: 2. 28 MARYLAND MANUAL

STATE TREASURER Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer, 1951 Charles M. Speicher, Chief Deputy Clarence M. Taylor, Assistant Chief Clerk State Office Building-, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 3117 Under the Constitution of 1776, there were two State Treasurers-— the Treasurer of the Eastern Shore and the Treasurer for the West- ern Shore. With the adoption of the Constitution of 1851, these Wo offices were consolidated. The present Constitution provides that the Treasurer shall be elected by joint ballot of both Houses of the Gen- eral Assembly for a term of four years. The Treasurer is responsible for depositing each day the money of the State in an authorized depository. The Treasurer or his deputy must sign all checks, countersigned by the Comptroller, or an authorized deputy, in payment of all bills on warrant from the Comptroller. The Treasurer’s office issues all of the State’s bonds or certificates of indebtedness which are signed by the Treasurer with the counter-signature of the Comp- troller. The Treasurer is the custodian of the State’s insurance and all stocks, bonds or other investments of the State. A monthly balance of all State funds held in authorized depositories is published in a newspaper of Baltimore, and a quarterly report is rendered to the Comptroller. The Treasurer is also the custodian of such special funds as may be prescribed by law (Const. 1867, Art. VI, secs. 1,2,4). Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds... $172,515 $172,018 Staff: 11. o STATE AUDITOR Daniel L. Clayland,III, State Auditor, 1951 Michael J. Potthast, Deputy State Auditor Kathleen Collins, Administrative Assistant 1401 Standard Oil Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 4642 The office of the State Auditor was created in 1902. The State Auditor is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. It is the duty of the State Auditor’s office to examine annually the books of the following: all clerks of court, Registers of Wills, and collectors of state taxes of Maryland, including the City of Baltimore, and the several Boards of County Commissioners and the County Treasurers and collectors insofar as they affect the collection of state taxes or the assessable bases upon which state taxes are levied. The agency also audits and examines annually the books and accounts of the Gov- ernor’s office, the Comptroller of the Treasury, the Attorney General, and the Clerk of the Court of Appeals; and such other offices, departments, agencies, boards, commissions, or State institutions as the Comptroller may direct. On or before December first of each year, and at such other times as may seem desirable, the State Auditor submits to the Comptroller full and detailed written reports of the results of his examinations of the books and accounts of the various offices and institutions examined, with suggestions as to changes in the method of keeping the books and accounts, the adoption of uniform MARYLAND MANUAL 29

accounting systems, and changes in the forms of reports by said officers of the Comptroller (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 19, secs. 41-52). 1948 1949 Appropriations $122,750 $126,489 Staff: 26. o STATE TAX COMMISSION Chairman: Joseph H. A. Rogan, 1951 Owen E. Hitchins, 1949; William W. Travers, 1953 Albert W. Ward, Executive Secretary 501 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 1090 The State Tax Commission is composed of three members appointed by the Governor for terms of six years, one of the terms expiring every two years. One member must be a resident of the Eastern Shore, one a resident of Baltimore City, and the other a resident of one of the Western Shore counties. “Not more than two of said commissioners shall be members of the same political party, and each shall be a taxpayer and a qualified voter of this State.” (Code 1939, Art. 81, sec. 167). The State Tax Commission was created in 1914, superseding the State Tax Commissioner, an office which was established in 1878, with functions virtually limited to the assessment of the shares of domestic corporations and national banks, the gross receipts of certain classes of corporations, and taxes on distilled spirits. In addition to the duties formerly exercised by the State Tax Com- missioner, the Commission is empowered to “supervise the administration of the assessment and tax laws of Maryland and of each county or city thereof”; “to enforce and execute a continuing method of assessment and to require that all property in the State be reviewed for assessment at least once in every five years”, but not necessarily by reassessment of all property in the same year; to act as an appellate tribunal to which all appeals from assessments of real and personal property made by local assessing bodies must be taken; to assess the operating property, except land, of railroads and other public utilities and contract carriers; “to participate in any proceeding in any court wherein any assessment or taxation question is involved”. The Commission appoints for each of the counties a Supervisor of Assessments, who has the status of chief assessor in the county, with power also to appeal to the Commission from any assessments or rulings made by the County Commissioners. The supervisors are appointed from a list of five nominees submitted by the County Com- missioners. They serve during good behavior and are removable by the State Tax Commission “for incompetency or other cause”. Their salaries are fixed by the Tax Commission after consultation with the respective County Commissioners. The State and the counties share equally the cost of salaries. A supervisor is also appointed for Balti- more City with important duties of investigation. The Supervisor of Assessments is the chief assessor and acts as such over local assessors. The local assessors are appointed by the County Commis- sioners for an indefinite period from a list of applicants examined and graded by the State Tax Commission. Their salaries are fixed and paid in a similar manner to those of the supervisors. The assessors review for reassessment one-fifth of the property in each county of Maryland each year, so that all property in each county is reviewed 30 MARYLAND MANUAL for reassessment purposes once in every five years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 81, sec. 180). The State Tax Commission has charge of the qualifications and registration of foreign corporations doing business in Maryland. In addition to collecting an annual filing fee and accounting monthly for all such collections to the Treasurer, the Commission assesses the tangible personal property of foreign corporations and distributes the proceeds to the localities in which the property is located. Previ- ous to 1940, the power to assess such property was in the hands of local taxing officials (Code 1939, Art. 23, secs. 5, 28). Charters and amendments to charters of domestic corporations are filed with, and recorded and approved by the Commission. In its jurisdiction over foreign corporations, the Commission succeeds the Secretary of State; while in passing on appeals locally made, and on certificates of incorporation, it exercises functions formerly performed by the courts (Code 1939, Art. 81, sec. 175). Under the income tax law, the Commission was given appellate jurisdiction from the final action of the Comptroller. The determination of the Commission is prima-facie evidence of the amount of tax due, but an appeal to the Court lies from the findings of the Com- mission in the manner now provided for all appeals from the Com- mission in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction. Publications: Biennial Report of the State Tax Commission, 1946 Tax Laws of the State of Maryland {annotated). 1947 1948 1949 Appropriations $97,233 $96,489 Staff: 23. o DEPARTMENT OF BUDGET AND PROCUREMENT Walter N. Kirkman, Director James G. Rennie, Chief Budget Bureau Eugene G. Connor, Chief Purchasing Bureau 318 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 2050 The Department of Budget and Procurement was established in 1939, combining the budgeting and purchasing functions of the State into a single agency. The Director of the Department is appointed by the Governor. In addition to having executive jurisdiction of the De- partment, the Director reviews all leases for rental of office space prior to their submission to the Board of Public Works for approval. Budget Bureau The budget functions of the agency are vested in the Budget Bureau, the chief of which is appointed by the Director. The Bureau aids the Director in preparing a tentative budget for the Governor’s consideration and reviews all budget amendments presented by the various State agencies. The Bureau may investigate the necessity for all expenditures. Purchasing Bureau The head of the Purchasing Bureau is also appointed by the Di- rector. This Bureau is charged with the purchase of all supplies, material and equipment for the use of State Agencies. A warehouse is maintained for the storage of supplies, paid for out of the Revolv- MARYLAND MANUAL 31 ing Fund of .$300,000.00. An Accounting system has been developed by means of which, through debit and credit entries, funds are transferred from budget appropriations of Using Agencies to reimburse the Revolving Fund. Supplies are withdrawn from the warehouse with a consequent lessening in the amount of clerical labor on the part of the Using Agencies in the payment of invoices. Monthly meetings are held with the Superintendents of the various State In- stitutions and other State Agencies, at which time samples are examined and contracts awarded. Publications: Fiscal Digest, 1947-1948, 1948-1949 The Budget of the State of Maryland 1948-1949, 1946 1948 1949 Appropriations: $143,478 $145,138 Staff: 37. ■—-—o MARYLAND COMMISSION ON UNIFORM ACCOUNTS Chairman: James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury Daniel L. Clayland, III, State Auditor; Michael J. Pott- hast, Deputy State Auditor; Herbert Fallin, Budget Director of Baltimore City; Herbert L. Langrall, C.P.A.; Charles W. Hatter, C.P.A.; Christian H. Kahl, President Board of Coun- ty Commissioners, Baltimore County; William F. Messick President Board of County Commissioners, Wicomico County; J. Edward Helbig, President. Board of County Commissioners, Garrett County. Joseph O’C. McCusker, Secretary. Benjamin Steven Schilling, Jr., Director of Field Survey 308 Keyser Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 4620 The Maryland Commission on Uniform Accounts was created by the General Assembly in 1947. The Commission is composed of the Comptroller of the Treasury, the State Auditor, the Deputy State Auditor, the Director of the Budget of Baltimore City, two persons nominated by the Maryland Association of Certified Public Account- ants, and three County Commissioners appointed by the Governor from a list of nominees submitted by the Boards of County Commis- sioners of the several counties. The Commission is presently engaged in a survey of the accounting forms and reports used by the various counties, incorporated cities or towns, and local taxing districts. It is the duty of the Commission to establish, by October 1, 1948, a system of accounting which shall be uniform for each county of the same class and for incorporated cities or towns, and taxing districts of the same grade. The Com- mission shall design and designate the systems and forms to be used. A uniform system of financial reporting for each county incorporated city or town or local taxing district shall also be established by the Commission previous to October 1, 1948. Each County incorporated city or town, or local taxing district shall adopt such forms and systems designed for it as soon as practical after Janu- ary L I960 Failure to do so will mean the loss of State funds, grants, or State aid which the local unit may be entitled to receive bv law the Act also provides for the filing of an annual report with the Comptroller and the Director of the Fiscal Research Bureau- and it 32 MARYLAND MANUAL further provides for an annual audit to be made by the State Auditor, a Certified Public Accountant, or a Fiscal Auditing Committee, of the books of each county, incorporated city or town, or local taxing unit having a population of 2500 or more (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 19. secs. 49-59). 1948 1949 Appropriations $25,000 $25,000 Staff: 2. o STATE LAW DEPARTMENT Hall Hammond, Attorney General, 1951 J. Edgar Harvey, Deputy Attorney General Richard W. Case, Assistant Attorney General Harrison L. Winter, Assistant. Attorney General Special Assistant Attorney Generals: Joseph D. Buscher, for Comptroller of the Treasury Robert E. Clapp, Jr., for State Roads Commission Aaron A. Baer, for Department of Employment Security Philip T. McCusker, for State Accident Fund Special Title Attorneys, for State Roads Commission Frederick A. Puderbaugh Ernest N. Cory, Jr. 1901 O’Sullivan Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 5413 The Attorney General is elected by the people for a term of four years (Const. 1867, Art. 5, sec. 1). He is the Director of the State Law Department which wras established in 1916. The Attorney Gen- eral serves as legal counsel to the Governor, the General Assembly, and to all Departments, Boards, or Commissions of the State, excepting the Public Service Commission whose counsel is appointed by the Governor. The Attorney General or his Assistants represent the State in all litigations, including criminal appeals, before the Court of Appeals. The Law Department acts as counsel to all Baltimore City officials appointed by the Governor, and to the Clerks of Courts, the Registers of Wills, the Sheriffs, the State’s Attorneys, and the Trial Magistrates of the several counties and the City of Baltimore, as well as certain other county officials. The Department, however, does not represent the Boards of County Commissioners, the Boards of School Commissioners, the Board of Supervisors of Elections or such other boards or officials of the counties who have the power to employ and appoint their own counsel. The Attorney General may render an opinion on any legal subject or matter upon the request of the Gov- ernor, the General Assembly, or either house thereof, or of any department or agency of the State (Code 1939, Art. 32A). Publications: Report and Official Opinions of the Attor- ney General, 1946, 1947 Index to the Opinions of the Attorney General, Vols. 1-30; 1946 1948 1949 Appropriations $51,592 $49,632 Staff: 14. MARYLAND MANUAL 33

DEPARTMENT OF LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE Horace E. Flack, Director Carl N. Everstine, Assistant Director Elwyn A. Mauck, Director of Fiscal Research Bureau City Hall, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2000 The Department of Legislative Reference was originally created in 1906 to serve the City of Baltimore; in 1916 the scope of the Depart- ment was enlarged to serve the State as well. The Department collects, compiles and indexes information on all questions of proposed legislation. The Department investigates and reports on the laws of Maryland and other States at the request of the Governor, any Com- mittee or member of the General Assembly, or any State agency. At the request of a member of the General Assembiy, the Department prepares or aids in the drafting of any law or resolution. During sessions of the General Assembly, the Department maintains offices in Annapolis. Each Department of the State Government is required to transmit to the Department of Legislative Reference at least two copies of each of their reports which are used for exchange and reference purposes b> the agency. To aid in their research, the Depart- ment maintains a complete index and a complete file on all bills introduced in the General Assembly from 1908 to the present, the Codes and Laws of other States, and a library comprising 19,000 books and 56,000 pamphlets and reports, in addition to a number of periodicals, and clippings from magazines and newspapers. The Department also has supervision of the Archives of Baltimore City.

Fiscal Research Bureau The Fiscal Research Bureau was established by Act of the Gen- eral Assembly in 1947 within the Department of' Legislative Refer- ence. Its general duties include the collection of data on the revenue and appropriations of the political sub-divisions of the State, the study of State and local taxation, the study of State and local fiscal relationships, and assisting State commissions and the committees of the General Assembly on tax and fiscal matters. Each county, incorporated city or town or special taxing district of 2,500 or more population is required to submit a copy of its annual fiscal renort to the Bureau (Code 1939 and 1947, Supp. Art. 41, secs. 100-103H). 1948 1949 Appropriations $13,539 $20,423 Staff: 7. o COMMISSIONERS FOR THE PROMOTION OF UNIFORMITY OF LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES Chairman: C. Walter Cole, 1951 H. Vernon Eney, 1951; Roger Howell, 1951. Masonic Building, Towson 4 Telephone: Towson 3170 The Governor, every fourth year, appoints this Board of three Commissioners, who represent Maryland in the National Conference . Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. The Commissioners examine into and ascertain the best means to effect uniformity in the laws of the States. They meet on call of the Chairman to determine what 34 MARYLAND MANUAL acta to sponsor before the Legislative Council of Maryland. They meet with representatives of the other States in the National Con- ference to draft laws to be submitted for the approval and adoption of the several States, and to recommend measures for the promotion of uniform legislation. The Commissioners receive no salary but are allowed their actual disbursements for expenses (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. 105). Publications: Annual Report, 1947 1948 1949 Appropriations - $980 $980 Staff: None. o STATE BANK COMMISSIONER J. Millard Tawes, Bank Commissioner, 1951 John D. Hospelhorn, Deputy Bank Commissioner H. E. Meeks, Chief Examiner Frank L. Wilson, Discount Supervisor 301 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 4242 The office of the State Bank Commissioner was created in 1910. The Bank Commissioner is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. The State Bank Department has general _ supervision over all banking institutions in the State, other than national banks. It must examine each institution at least twice a year, and at such other times as the Commissioner may deem expedient and at any time upon request of the board of directors of the institution. Whenever the capital stock of an institution is reduced by impairment, and such impairment is not made good as prescribed by law, or whenever it is found that an institution is being conducted in an unsafe manner, the Bank Commissioner may take possession, as provided by law, and retain possession until it resumes business or is finally liquidated. In case of a failure of any banking institution, excepting National Banks, the Bank Commissioner acts as receiver and liquidates its assets and winds up its affairs under the jurisdiction of the Court. The Commissioner may delegate this power to the Deputy Commis- sioner or a Senior Examiner. Every bank and trust company is required to submit to the Bank Commissioner, under oath, at least three reports in each calendar year; such reports to exhibit in detail the resources and liabilities of the institution, and show its true condition. These reports are to be published in the local newspapers. All mutual savings institutions are required to report their condition to the Commissioner on June 30 and December 31 of each year. It is the duty of the Commissioner’s office to examine each report received from the institutions under its supervision, and when necessary, to verify them, and at the same time to correct any irregularities that may be disclosed or to make any recommendations that may seem advisable. It is the further responsibility of the department to supervise the formation of new banking institutions, to see that all requirements of the law have been complied with, and to issue a certificate authorizing them to commence business. The Commissioner also passes upon all amendments to charters, and all consolidations and voluntary liquidations. On the tenth of February of each year, the Bank Commissioner is required to make a written report to the Gov- MARYLAND MANUAL 35 emor concerning the operations of his office (Code 1939 and Supp. 1947, Art. 11, secs. 11-27; 29-96). The General Assembly of 1929 passed what is known as the “Credit Union Law”, which provides that any seven or more persons, residents of this State, may apply to the Bank Commissioner for permission to organize a Credit Union. The Act further provides that all Credit Unions which are approved and chartered shall be subject to the supervision of the Bank Commissioner (Code 1939, 1947 Supo. Art. 11, secs. 125-150). The department also has jurisdiction over industrial finance loan companies under the provisions of the “Industrial Finance Law” passed in 1945. The Act generally provides that no person or corporation may charge interest or other charges in the aggregate above that permitted by law, on loans of fifteen hundred dollars or less, if this person or corporation were not a licensee under the terms of the law. All companies and individuals transacting business under the terms of this statute must secure a license from the Bank Commis- sioner. At least once in every eighteen months, the department is required to make an examination of each licensee; it is further required that each licensee shall submit to the Commissioner an annual report setting forth such relevant information regarding the business and its operations, as the Commissioner may reasonably require. The Bank Commissioner has the power to revoke or suspend licenses for infrac- tions of the law. The Commissioner has the power to exempt certain companies from the terms of the Act. Automatically exempted from the Industrial Finance Act are those companies and individuals who are doing business under the terms of the “Small Loan I,aw”, which is administered by the Administrator of Loan Laws (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 11, secs. 153-195). Publications: Annual Report of the Bank Commissioner, 1946, 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations $134,825 $137,133 Staff: 33. -o——

BANKING BOARD James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury Morton M. Prentis, Baltimore Clearing House, 1949 Frank W. Wrightson, Associated Mutual Savings Banks of Baltimore, 1951 F. Ross Myers, Maryland State Banker’s Association, 1953 The Banking Board, established in 1935, is composed of the Comp- troller of the Treasury, and three members appointed by the Gov- ernor, from lists of nominees submitted by (1) the Baltimore Clear- ing House, (2) the Associated Mutual Saving Banks of Baltimore, and (3) the Maryland State Banker’s Association. Each member holds office for six years with one term expiring every two years. The Board meets at the call of the Bank Commissioner to confer and to consult with him in matters pertaining to the banking business or banking institutions in Maryland (Code 1939, Art. 11, sec 28) 36 MARYLAND MANUAL STATE INSURANCE DEPARTMENT Claude A. Hanley, Insurance Commissioner, 1951 Hazleton A. Joyce, Deputy Commissioner John H. Coppage, Chief Examiner Calvert F. Stein, Actuary William L. Colleran, Adjustor Gerald A. Voith, Insurance Advisor Leonard L. Shircliff, Insurance Agent Examiner Mollie Edna Bald, Assessment Supervisor John J. Myers, Deputy Fire Marshall Joseph M. McSweeney, Deputy Fire Marshall Denton S. Lowe, Auditor Howard E. Gates, Chief, Rating Bureau 901 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 0855 The State Insurance Department was first created in 1872 as a part of the office of the Comptroller of the Treasury. In 1878 the Depart- ment became an independent agency. The State Insurance Depart- ment is under the direction of the Insurance Commissioner, who is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years (Code 1939, Art. 48A, sec. 3). The Department is responsible for the overall administration and enforcement of the insurance laws of the State. It licenses and examines all insurance agents, insurance companies and brokers doing business within the State. The department conducts periodic examinations of the financial status of all companies organized under the laws of the State and such other companies doing business in Mary- land as the Commissioner deems necessary. The Rating Bureau, organized in 1945, is responsible for the promulgating and policing of rates of all classes of insurance, and reviews the rates established to see that they are at all times adequate, reasonable and fair. Rating Bureaus and agencies operating within the State are licensed and reviewed by the department. There is also within the Insurance Department a Fire Investigation Bureau. This Bureau investigates all suspicious fires in the State. The Bureau is also charged with the inspection of all buildings used by the general public, excepting those located in Baltimore City, for the purpose of ascertaining compliance with the fire laws. The Insurance Commissioner has the power to issue orders to secure compliance with fire regulations and to ini- tiate proceedings to condemn any building when the owner fails to abide by the orders of the Commissioner. The Fire Bureau also issues permits for the public display of fireworks and for the sale and use of explosives within the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 48A, secs. 69-81e). Publications: Maryland Insurance Report, 19i6, 194.7. Directory of Insurance Companies, 1947. Directory of Insurance Brokers Licensed in Maryland,

Appropriations $147,219 $148,609 Staff: 27. MARYLAND MANUAL 37

ADMINISTRATOR OF LOAN LAWS Truman B. Cash, Administrator, 1951 John W. Dallam, Deputy Administrator Henry W. Forster, Chief Supervisor 210 East Lexington Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 7433 The office of Administrator of Loan Laws was established as an independent agency in 1941, superseding the office established under the jurisdiction of the Bank Commissioner. The Administrator is appointed by the Governor for a period of four years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, sec. 133A). This office administers and enforces the “Uniform Small Loan Law”. All persons, corporations, and copartnerships making loans of three hundred dollars or less at a rate of interest of more than six percent per year must first, secure a license from the Adminis- trator of Loan Laws. Periodic examinations of the books and accounts of each licensee are made under the Administrator’s direction. Each licensee must also submit to the Administrator an annual report of his business transactions. The Administrator has the power to revoke, refuse, or suspend the license of any person or corporation. This agency also investigates complaints of violations by non-licensees and may take legal action to prosecute violators of the Act (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 58A, secs. 1-22). Installment Sales Division The Installment Sales Division was created in 1943. It. administers the Installment Sales Law and exercises general supervision over installment sales finance companies. All companies engaged in installment sales financing must secure a license from this office. All companies licensed in the State must make an annual report to the division. This office also conducts periodic examinations of the books and accounts of all licensees. Investigations of complaints of violations of the law are made, and legal action instituted to prosecute offenders (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 83, secs. 116-145). Publications: Sumviary of Reports Filed by Small Loan Companies and Sales Finance Companies, 1946-1947 (mimeographed). 1948 1949 Appropriations $34,935 $35,222 Staff: 9. ■ o PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION Chairman: John H. Hessey, 1949 Arthur H. Brice, 1951; Frank Harper, 1953. Albert L. Deen, Executive Secretary S. Ralph Warnken, General Counsel, 1951 Phillip H. Dorsey, Jr., People’s Counsel, 1949 John C. Masson, Chief Auditor 1701 Munsey Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 7510 The Public Service Commission was established in 1910. The Com- mission, composed of three members, is appointed by the Governor. The term of each member is six years, one term expiring every two 38 MARYLAND MANUAL years. The Governor also appoints the General Counsel, for a term of six years, and the People’s Counsel for a term of four years. The Public Service Commission has jurisdiction over common carriers including steam and electric railroads, street railways, sleeping car companies, bus lines, express companies, steam boat companies, power boats, ferry companies, carriers by aircraft, toll bridges, and all carriers, generally, engaged in the public transportation of passengers or freight within the State of Maryland. The Commission also exercises jurisdiction over all gas, electric, telephone, telegraph, water, heating and refrigerating companies operating within the State. All taxicabs operating in the City of Baltimore are also under the jurisdiction of the Commission. The Commission has the power to fix both minimum and maximum rates and to suspend schedules pending the determination of the reasonableness of the proposed rates. Public Utilities may not abandon or discontinue the exercise of any franchise without permission of the Commission. All gas and electric meters are tested by the Commission prior to their installation, tests are also made of previously installed meters at the request of the consumer. A laboratory is maintained in which daily tests are made of gas furnished in the City of Baltimore. Regular and frequent tests are made of the gas and electricity furnished in other parts of the State. The Commission is also authorized to make joint investigations, hold joint hearings, and issue joint or other concurrent orders in conjunction with any official board or commission of any state or the federal government under agreements and compacts between states, under the concurrent powers of states to regulate inter-state commerce as an agency of the federal government, or otherwise. The Public Service Commission is also represented on joint boards created by the Interstate Commerce Commission under the Federal Motor Carriers Act to hear and pass upon applications and proceedings pertaining to inter-state motor carrier operation conducted in or through not more than three states. Publications: Public Service Commission Report, 1946. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds ....$134,366 $135,124 Staff: 31. o

STATE ATHLETIC COMMISSION Chairman: Thomas P. McDonagh, 1951 Michael F. Freedman, 1949; James T. Holmes, 1953. Joseph M. Kelly, Secretary 612 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 5732 The State Athletic Commission was established in 1920. The Com- mission consists of three members appointed by the Governor for terms of six years, one term expiring every two years. The Commis- sion has supervision over all boxing and wrestling matches scheduled and held in the State of Maryland. It enacts and enforces such rules as are necessary to govern these bouts. It licenses all corporations, associations or persons sponsoring such bouts and all referees, managers, seconds and participants. The Commission collects from all MARYLAND MANUAL 39

sponsors of boxing and wrestling matches a fee equal to ten percent of the gross gate receipts (Code 1939, Art. 56, secs. 116A-116R). Appropriations: None. 1948 1949 Receipts $27,675 $27,675 Staff: 4. o STATE AVIATION COMMISSION Chairman: Phillip Hayes, 1950 William Mason Shehan, 1951; Robert Gould, 1950; August B. Haneke, 1950; Charles Z Heskett, 1949. Richard A. Jamison, Director Richard Case, Counsel 917 Munsey Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 4751 The State Aviation Commission, created in 1929, is composed of five members appointed by the Governor for a term of three years. It is the purpose of the Commission to assist and encourage the development of aviation in Maryland. Airports, air navigators, aeronautical schools and instructors in the State are registered and licensed by this agency. All licenses granted by the federal government, to pilots living in Maryland and to aircraft operating within the State must be registered with the Commission. In cooperation with federal authorities, the Commission aids in the planning and development of airports and airport sites in Maryland and administers federal funds allocated for that purpose (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 1A, secs. 15, 16). Publications: Annual Reports 1945-1946, 1946-1947. Air News, quarterly. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $ 15,358 $ 15,697 Special Funds (Aviation- Development) 125,000 Total: $ 15,697 Administrative 15,358 Airport Development 417,150 Grand Total $432,508 Staff: 3. o BOARD OF BOILER RULES Joseph F. DiDomenico, Commissioner, Department of Labor and Industry A. L. Penniman, 1949 George P. Emerson, 1950 12 East Mulberry Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 3596 The Board of Boiler Rules was established in 1920. It is composed of three members two of whom are appointed by the Governor for a term of three years; the third member of the Board being the Com- missioner of Labor and Industry. Of the appointive members of the 40 MARYLAND MANUAL

Board one must be representative of the owners and users of boilers in the State, and one a representative of a boiler insurance and inspection company licensed to do business in this State. The Board is charged with the duty of formulating rules and regulations governing the construction, installation and maintenance of boilers of over fifteen pounds to a square inch, for sale or use in Maryland, and to enforce such rules and regulations (Code 1939, Art. 48, secs. 151- 152). Appropriations: Included in the appropriations of the Department of Labor and Industry. ——o—•—

MARYLAND STATE BOARD OF MOTION PICTURE CENSORS Chairman: Helen C. Tingley, 1949 Vice-Chairman and Treasurer: Eva M. Holland, 1950 Secretary: John K. Burkley, 1951 Elmer P. Butz, Chief Clerk 848 North Howard Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Vernon 3370 The Board consists of a chairman, vice-chairman, and secretary, appointed by the Governor, by and with the consent of the Senate, for a term of three years (Code 1939, Art. 66A, sec. 3). The duties of the Board are to examine all motion pictures to be shown in the State of Maryland. The Board eliminates those which, in its judgment, may tend to corrupt morals or incite crime. The Board furnishes an official approval seal, which must be displayed on the screen when the picture is shown. Publications: Annual Reports of the Maryland State Board of Motion Picture Censors, 19i5-46, 19It6-U7. 1948 1949 Appropriations $46,164 $46,280 Staff: 13. o

MARYLAND RACING COMMISSION Chairman: Stuart S. Janney, Jr., 1953 Frank Small, Jr., 1949; H. Courtenay Jenifer, 1951. J. William Graham, Secretary 504 Maryland Trust Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2387 The Maryland Racing Commission was established in 1920. The Commission is composed of three members appointed by the Governor for a term of six years. The Commission licenses all racing corporations, tracks and racing meets held within the State. The Commission promulgates such rules and regulations as may be necessary to govern the races. It may also regulate the size of the purse, the price of admission, or the charge made for any article or service sold at the meets. All persons engaged in racing in Maryland under assumed names must register with the Commission and receive its permission for the use of such name. The Commission has the power to revoke or suspend the license of any person or corporation engaged in racing within the State who violates the racing laws or the rules of the MARYLAND MANUAL 41

Commission. The Racing Fund and the Relief Fund of the Maryland Racing Commission are both administered by this agency (Code 1939, 1947 Supp. Art. 78B, secs. 1- 2, 6-18, 22). The receipts of the Commission from the following sources are distributed by the Comptroller of the Treasury in accordance with law: Receipts from Mile Tracks: 50 percent General Fund; 50 percent to Counties and Baltimore City. Tax on Wagers: Half Mile Tracks: 50 percent General Funds; 25 percent Baltimore City; 25 percent Maryland State Fair Board. Breakage from Half Mile Tracks: 100 percent Maryland State Fair Board. Publications: Annual Report of the Maryland Racing Commission, 1946, 1947. Maryland Racing Law, 1946. The Rules of Racing, 1947. Appropriations and Receipts: 1948 1949 Appropriations from General Funds $33,654 $34,030 Receipts (Estimated) $4,965,500* $4,965,500* *Distributed as follows: Political Sub-divisions: $2,307,750. Maryland State Fair Board: $247,250. Staff: full time, 3; part time, 12.

REAL ESTATE COMMISSION Chairman: M. A. Powers, Chief License Inspector Arthur H. Seidenspinner, 1949; Charles H. Steffey, 1951. William G. Nicholson, Executive Secretary 702 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 0781 The Real Estate Commission was established in 1939. The Commis- sion is composed of three members, one of whom is the Chief License Inspector of the State License Bureau, who also acts as Chairman. The remaining two members are appointed by the Governor for four year terms. Both appointive members must have been actively engaged in the real estate business for ten years prior to appointment; and one must be a resident of Baltimore City and the other a resident elsewhere in the State. The Commission licenses all real estate agencies, brokers and salesmen doing business or wishing to do business in Maryland. The Commission has the power to revoke, refuse or suspend the license of any agency or person violating the State real estate laws, or for unethical conduct (Code 1939, Art. 56, secs. 344-350). Publications: Roster of Licensed Real Estate Brokers, Associate Brokers, and Salesmen, 1946, 1947. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $13,179 $13,179 Staff: 3. 42 MARYLAND MANUAL DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY Joseph F. Di Domenico, Commissioner, 1949 Margaret W. Kimble, Deputy Commissioner Elizabeth Sanders, Supervisor of Permits Mary M. Wooten, Supervisor of Permits (Special) Edmund Rawa, Supervisor of Street Trades William D. Bloom, Chief Industrial Inspector Mathew Gibson, Chief Boiler Inspector 12 East Mulberry Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 3596 The Department of Labor and Industry is under the direction of a Commissioner appointed by the Governor for a term of six years. The Department is responsible for the collection of statistics concerning labor in the State of Maryland. The Department is further charged with the examining of the conditions of labor within the State with especial reference to wages and the causes of strikes and disagree- ments between employee and employer. The Commissioner is required to follow the progress of negotiations in all labor disputes occurring within the State and shall, if deemed necessary, mediate such disputes or compose arbitration boards to arbitrate them. The Department collects, maintains and publishes statistics and information in regard to the volume of production of the various manufacturing industries of the State and the value and volume of shipping over railroads and other transportation companies. The agency compiles statistics relative to the monthly volume of employment and of payrolls. It is further responsible for the inspection of all boilers in the State and the enforcement of the Steam Boiler Inspection Law. All fee charging employment agencies operating within Maryland are licensed and supervised by the Department. This agency is further responsible for the enforcement of the laws in regard to the hours of labor for females and the Child Labor Laws. Under the terms of the Child Labor Laws, minors between the ages of fourteen and sixteen must receive employment certificates from the Department. Before such certificates are issued, children applying for the same must pass an educational examination and a physical examination given by the physicians of the Department (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 89, secs. 1-13; Art. 56, secs. 270-276). The Department cooperates with the Federal Government in the enforcement of the Walsh-Healy Act. 1948 1949 Appropriations $97,940 $99,715 Staff: 32. o STATE INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT COMMISSION Chairman: Emanuel Gorfine, 1951 J. Howard Holzer, 1949; Simon F. Reilly, 1954; Daniel T. Doherty, 1950. DeLancey B. Scrivner, Secretary Joseph A. Haller, Director of Safety 741 Equitable Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 4360 The State Industrial Accident. Commission, created in 1914, is charged with the administration of the Workmen’s Compensation MARYLAND MANUAL 48

Law. The Commission consists of four members appointed by the Governor for terms of six years. The Chairman, who is designated by the Governor, has administrative supervision over the agency. The remaining three Commissioners hear cases. Hearings are held throughout the State in contested cases. The Commission is responsible for the determination of what occupations are covered under the law. It receives reports of accidents, and adjudicates claims for compensation arising under the law. Investigations are made of companies and firms which fail to carry insurance under the terms of the Act. The Commission also has the authority to promulgate safety rules and regulations for insured firms and industries. Through the Safety Department, periodic examinations and inspections are made of the various industrial plants to determine what safety precautions are being taken. The Commission may require any plant or industry under the jurisdiction of the Act to take necessary steps to correct any unsafe condition or practice which may exist. The Safety De- partment sponsors a Safety Conference in cooperation with the various industries of the State for the purpose of encouraging safe working practices and safe working conditions (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 101, sec. 1). In recent years many important changes in the Workmen’s Com- pensation Act have been made by the General Assembly. Among the most important of these have been the increase of temporary total disability payments from $20.00 to $25.00 a week; the increase of permanent, total disability awards from $6,000.00 to $7,500.00; the increase of total benefits to dependents from $5,000.00 to $7,500.00; the increase of the amounts payable under permanent partial disability from $18.00 to $20.00 per week; the broadening of the law in hernia cases and the establishment of a Second Injury Fund.

MEDICAL BOARD FOR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Chairman: Nathan B. Herman, M.D., 1953 John W. Pierson, M.D., 1949; T. Conrad Wolff, M.D., 1951. 741 Equitable Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 4360 The Medical Board for Occupational Diseases was established in 1939. The members of the Board are appointed by the Governor, with the approval of the Senate, from a list of nominees submitted by the Deans of the Schools of Medicine of the University of Mary- land and The John Hopkins University and by the Council of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland. Each agency submits a list of three persons, two of whom are experienced in occupational diseases, and one of whom is an experienced roentgenologist. Each appointee to the board must be a licensed physician in good professional standing, two of whom shall have had at least five years practice in the treating, diagnosis, and care of industrial diseases, the third member having been trained in roentgenology and having had five years practice and experience. The Chairman of the Board is designated by the Governor. The Board hears and adjudicates all claims for compensation for disability caused by an occupational disease as defined by the law. The decisions of the Board are subject to review by the Industrial Accident Commission (Code 1947 Sunn Art. 101, sec. 27). PP 44 MARYLAND MANUAL

The Appropriation for the administration of the Board is contained in the appropriation of the Industrial Accident Commission. Publications: Annual Report of the State Industrial Accident Commission, 1946. 1948 1949 Appropriations $174,012 $161,691 Staff: 51. o STATE ACCIDENT FUND Chairman: William B. Lebherz, 1953 Albert H. Blum, Vice Chairman, 1952; John P. Stafford, Secretary, 1949; Royden S. Meise, 1949; J. Edmund Mc- Garry, 1951. Richard K. Coggins, Superintendent M. Katherine Sahm, Administrative Assistant Philip T. McCusker, Attorney to the Board 31 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 4877 The State Accident Fund, originally a part of the State Industrial Accident Commission, was established as a separate agency in 1941. The State Accident Fund is under the direction of a board of five members appointed by the Governor for a term of five years, the term of one member expiring each year (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 101, secs. 68, 69). The Board annually elects its officers. The Board also appoints the Superintendent who has active direction of the agency. The Board is further empowered to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to administer the Accident Fund. The State Acci- dent Fund is the State’s Workmen’s Compensation Insurance Carrier. Through the fund employers may carry insurance for the payment of claims which may arise from accidents and injuries to the employees as allowed under the Workmen’s Compensation Law. Representatives of the State Accident Fund are located at Easton and Frederick. Publications: Annual Report, 1946, 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations $86,859 $88,559 Staff: 25. o DEPARTMENT OF EMPLOYMENT SECURITY EMPLOYMENT SECURITY BOARD Chairman: Russell S. Davis, 1949 Joseph P. McCurdy, 1951; Carl F. Gail, 1953. Advisory Council: Representing the Public: Lee L. Dopkin, Chairman of the Council; T. Wallis Lansey Representing the Employer: Joseph P. Healy, James E. Harper Representing the Employee: Ralph C. Beard, John E. Lewis Stephen C. Cromwell, Director Unemployment Compensation Division David L. B. Fringer, Director Employment Service Division O’Sullivan Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 4110 MARYLAND MANUAL 45

Employment Security Board The Department of Employment Security, formerly known as the Unemployment Compensation Board, was established in 1937. The Administration of the Department is vested in a Board of three members apointed for terms of six years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 95A, sec. 10). The Board is authorized to enact such general and special rules as are necessary for the formulation of the general policy of the Department in administering the Unemployment Compensation Law. The Board also hears and determines appeals from the decisions of the Referees and Special Examiners arising from disputed claims for unemployment compensation. The Advisory Council The Unemployment Compensation Law permits the Board to establish an Advisory Council consisting of an equal number of representatives from the public, the employer and the employee. The Advisory Council meets with the Board for the purpose of aiding it to formulate policies and for discussing problems related to the administration of the Law to insure impartiality in the solution of such problems (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 95A, sec. lie). Unemployment Compensation Division This Division of the Department in accordance with the policy set by the Board administers the payment of Unemployment Compensa- tion benefits and the collection of the contributions therefor. Contribu- tions are collected from employers covered under the Unemployment Compensation Law and weekly benefits are made to eligible individuals, that is, those who have accumulated certain wage credits and have become unemployed through no fault of their own. The law provides for a system of experience rating whereby employers who maintain steady employment are eligible for reductions in the rate of contributions." All funds collected under the Law are deposited with the Federal Treasury for the credit of the Unemployment Trust Fund of Maryland and may only be used for the payment of benefits. Employment Service Division The Employment Service Division operates a free employment service, registering those in all occupational groups for re-employment and serving to make a contact between employer and prospective employee. The Employment Service provides vocational guidance and counseling and administers aptitude and proficiency tests to those who desire them. The division also operates a staff devoted to labor market reporting, securing data regarding the size of the labor market, the types of positions open, the size and type of the labor supply available, current wage rates and other related material. The data collected is tabulated and presented in charts and studies relating to special areas or special subjects. The Division conducts a drive for the placement of the physically handicapped each October. It gives special Assistance to the State Employment Commissioner’s office to secure personnel for State Hospitals. The Employment Division has assumed control of the Farm Labor Program which has as its object the recruitment and distribution of labor for agricultural purposes. Branch Offices The Department operates seventeen field offices throughout the State for the convenience of the public in filing claims for unemploy- 46 MARYLAND MANUAL ment compensation or for registering for employment. These offices are located in the following cities: Annapolis: 61 Maryland Avenue Baltimore City: 39 Hopkins Place 16 Guilford Avenue* Bel Air: 2 Wall Street Cambridge: 101 Race Street Chestertown: 11 Court Street Cumberland: 146 Union Street Easton: Dover and Harrison Street Elkton: 117 North Street Frederick: Winchester Hall Hagerstown: 111 S. Potomac Street Hyattsville: 4214 Gallatin Street Oakland: 10 Alden Street Salisbury: Gunby Building Silver Spring: The Armory Towson: 26 W. Pennsylvania Avenue Westminster: Times Building Under the terms of the Social Security Act, the Unemployment Compensation fund is locally administered, while the Federal Gov- ernment pays the administrative expenses of the agency. Publications: Annual Reports, 1946, 1947, 1948 Report on Administrative Survey of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Maryland, 1946 Unemployment Compensation Law for 19U7 Appropriations: 1948 1949 State of Maryland $16,400** $16,400** Federal Government $2,600,000 $2,500,000 Unemployment contributions $8,000,000 $8,000,000 Total administered by agency $10,516,400 $10,516,400 Staff: 857. o DEPARTMENT OF STATE EMPLOYMENT AND REGISTRATION STATE EMPLOYMENT COMMISSIONER Walter D. Owens, State Employment Commissioner, 1949 Margaret Dambly Frank, Chief Personnel Examiner Lillian Hoshall Trost, Administrative Assistant Ruth Engel Hubbard, Chief Clerk Evelyn Robinson Edberg, Classification Analyst Paul E. Carliner, M.D., Medical Examiner 31 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 7000 The State Employment Commissioner’s office was established in 1920. The Commissioner, who is appointed by the Governor for a * For professional and administrative employment registration. ** Paid by the State in payment for assistance given to the State Employment Commissioner in recruiting personnel for the State Mental Hospitals. MARYLAND MANUAL 47 term of six years, is the head of the Department of State Employ- ment and Registration. The Commissioner is responsible for the administration of the Merit System Law and is empowered to make such rules and regulations, subject to the approval of the Governor, as are necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 64A, secs. 4 and 5). Examinations are given by the Commissioner’s office for the various grades and classes of positions in the State’s service and from the registers established by means of these examinations, appointments are made. The Commissioner’s office surveys, from time to time, the duties and qualifications necessary for the various positions in the classified service for the purpose of revising the classification of the positions. The Merit System, a professional example of modern practice in public employment, functions as a procurement agency charged with the duty of supplying the State’s departments and institutions with the most competent personnel at the stated rate of pay. Publications: Annual Report of the Employment Com- missioner of 1946, 1947 Laws Governing the Maryland Classified Service, revised, 1947 You and Your State Job, 1948 1948 1949 Appropriations - $106,798 $108,564 Staff: 46. o

STATE EMPLOYEES STANDARD SALARY BOARD Ex-officio Members: Walter N. Kirkman, Director De- partment of Budget and Procurement; Walter D. Owens, State Employment Commissioner; Joseph O’C. McCusker, Chief Deputy Comptroller. Appointed Members: James A. Downey, 1953; Brooke E. Furr, 1953; Charles D. Harris, 1953; George W. Reed, 1953. Walter N. Kirkman, Secretary 318 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 2050 The State Employees Standard Salary Board was established in 1941 The Board of seven members is composed of the Director of Budget and Procurement, the State Employment Commissioner, and the Chief Deputy Comptroller, ex-officio, and four persons appointed by the Governor for six-year terms. The Board prepared and recommended to the Governor a pay plan for all classes of positions in both the Classified and Unclassified Serv- ice, to the end that all positions in such services involving comparable duties, experience, responsibilities and authority be paid in accordance with the standard salary schedule. In establishing rates of pay, the State Employees Standard Salary Board gave consideration to experience, the prevailing rates of pay for services performed, and for comparable services in public and private employment, living costs, maintenance, or other benefits received by employees, and the State’s financial condition and policies. The pay plan, as approved by the Governor, has the force of law. Amendments to the plan may, from time to time, be recommended by the Board, and when approved 48 MARYLAND MANUAL by the Governor have the force of law. Each employee in the Classi- fied and Unclassified Service is paid at one of the rates set forth in the pay plan for the grade or class of position in which he is employed.^ The pay plan is used by the Governor in the preparation of the budget. The Board has the authority to formulate rules and regulations for the administration of the Act. These rules include provisions for automatic increases, from minimum to maximum, of the rates established by the schedule; and, after approval by the Gov- ernor, have the force of law. Meetings of the Board are held each month (Code 1947, Supp. Art. 64A, secs. 15-17). Publications: Standard Salary Plan, 1948 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,000 $1,000 Staff: None.

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BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE STATE EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM Chairman: Hooper S. Miles, State Treasurer Ex-officio Members: James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury; Walter N. Kirkman, Director of Budget and Pro- curement; Walter D. Owens, State Employment Commis- sioner. Appointed by the Board of Public Works: Frank Harper, 1949. Elected by the Members: Albert S. Gordon, 1951; George E. Gannon, 1949. John P. Mannion, Director Thomas I. Hays, Executive Secretary C. W. Barnes, Assistant Executive Secretary 31 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 6169 The State Employees’ Retirement System was established in 1941 to provide a plan of retirement and administer pensions to retired state employees. The System is under the direction of a Board of Trustees of seven members, four of whom are ex-officio; one is appointed by the Board of Public Works for a four-year term, and two are elected for four-year terms by the State Employees who are members of the Retirement System. Not included within the Retire- ment System are the faculty members of the State Teachers Colleges, Morgan College and the University of Maryland who are members of the Teachers’ Retirement System, the uniformed personnel of the Maryland State Police who have their own Retirement Plan and certain other groups of State Employees as defined by law (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 73B). 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,105,560 $1,169,723 Staff: 8. MARYLAND MANUAL 49

BOARD OF TRUSTEES TEACHERS’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM Chairman: Hooper S. Miles, State Treasurer Ex-officio Members: James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury; Thomas G. Pullen, Jr., State Superintendent of Schools. Elected by the Members: Edwin W. Broome, Althea Fuller. John P. Mannion, Director Thomas I. Hays, Executive Secretary 31 Light Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 3929 The Teachers’ Retirement System was established in 1927. It is administered by a Board of Trustees of five members, three of whom are ex-officio members and the remaining two are elected by the mem- bersliip of the retirement system. The system administers the retirement allowances and benefits for the teachers of the State and is responsible for the proper investments and administration of funds entrusted to its care. In addition to the teachers of the public schools of the State, the members of the faculties of the State Teach- ers Colleges, the University of Maryland, and Morgan College are members of the System (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 77, sec. 100). Appropriations: 1948 1949 County Teachers $1,485,040 $1,673,678 Baltimore City Teachers 1,087,861 1,226,535 Administration 24,952 25,182 $2,597,853 $2,925,395 Miscellaneous Appropriation No. 2, item 30, to continue emergency supplements to existing pensions for Retired School Teachers: 1948 1949 $89,978 $94,761 Staff: 5.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES MARYLAND STATE POLICE RETIREMENT AND PENSION FUND Ex-officio Members: Chairman: Col. Beverly Ober, Super- intendent of State Police; James J. Lacy, Comptroller of the Treasury; Hooper S. Miles, State Treasurer; Walter N. Kirkman, Director of Budget and Procurement. Appointed Member: Howard M. Bubert, M.D., Medical Examiner, Maryland State Police. Advisors to the Board: Horace E. Flack, Director Depart- ment of Legislative Reference; Joseph Buscher, Assistant Attorney General. Pikesville Armory, Pikesville Telephone: Mohawk 3701 The Maryland State Police Retirement and Pension Fund is administered by a Board of Trustees consisting of the Superintendent of the Department of State Police, the Comptroller of the Treasury, the State Treasurer, the Director of the Department of Budget and Procurement and one member from the Department of State Police 50 MARYLAND MANUAL appointed by the Board of Public Works. The Board of Trustees has appointed two advisors and an investment board which supervises the investments of the Board’s Funds. It is the duty of the Board to prescribe necessary rules and regulations for the operation of the retirement system and to approve those applying for disability pensions or retirement. At the present time an actuarial study of other retirement plans is being made for the purpose of recommending a more equitable system (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88B, sec. 35 A). Appropriations: None. Staff: None. o STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION President: Tasker G. Lowndes, 1953 Nicholas Orem, Vice President, 1954; Wendell D. Allen, 1949; Oscar B. Coblentz, 1952; Harry Y. George, 1948; Horace M. Morgan, 1950; Mrs. Alvin Thalheimer, 1951, Thomas G. Pullen, Jr., Secretary-Treasurer OSScers of Administration Thomas G. Pullen, Jr., State Superintendent of Schools John J. Seidel, Assistant State Superintendent for Vocational Education James E. Spitznas, Director of Instruction Merle S. Bateman, Director of Teacher Certification Accred- itation and Publications Bessie C. Stern, Director of Finance Statistics and Educa- tional Measurements Helen M. Clark, Director of Library Extension Robert C. Thompson, Director of Vocational Rehabilitation Wilbur Devilbiss, Supervisor of High Schools E. Clarke Fontaine, Supervisor of High Schools Grace L. Alder, Supervisor of Elementary Schools David W. Zimmerman, Supervisor of Special Education Thomas C. Ferguson, Supervisor of Physical Education and Recreation Paul E. Huffington, Supervisor of Colored Schools Elisabeth Amery, Supervisor of Home Economics Harry M. McDonald, Supervisor of Agriculture R. Floyd Cromwell, Supervisor of Educational and Voca- tional Guidance Hershel M. James, Supervisor of Industrial Education Gladys T. Hopkins, Supervisor of Curriculum Gertrude N. Bowie, Supervisor of School Lunch Program James L. Reid, Supervisor of School Lunch Program William O’Dell, Supervisor of Surplus Property R. Christine Hogan, Supervisor Finance Statistics and Educational Measurements W. G. Eckles, Supervisor of Buildings and Plant Glen D. Brown, Supervisor of Industrial Education for Adults Brian M. Benson, Auditor MARYLAND MANUAL 61

Charles V. Akeley, Assistant Supervisor of Finance Statistics Charles C. Coni on, Jr., Assistant Supervisor of Accreditation M. Eleanor Rice, Assistant Supervisor of Teacher Certification Ethel E. Sammis, Assistant Supervisor of Physical Educa- tion and Recreation Marie Wheatley, Assistant Supervisor of Curriculum Dorothy Shires, Assistant Supervisor of Elementary Schools George M. Crawford, Assistant Supervisor of Curriculum E. B. Dexter, Assistant Supervisor of Surplus Property F. J. Thuman, Consultant Architect (part, time) Ruth E. Hobbs, Administrative Assistant I. 1111 Lexington Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 3071 The State Board of Education is composed of seven members, who are appointed by the Governor for terms of seven years (Code 1939, Art. 77, sec. 5). The State Superintendent of Schools is appointed by the State Board of Education for a term of four years (Code 1939, Art. 77, sec. 27). He is ex-officio secretary and treasurer to the Board. In addition to general control of the State School System, the Superintendent is charged with the duties of interpreting school laws and acting in all controversies and disputes involving the proper administration of the public school system. The State Department of Education provides for the training of elementary and junior high school teachers in the State Teachers Colleges for which the State Board of Education and the State Super- intendent act as trustees. It is responsible for the certification of teachers, and accreditation of private schools charging fees. It is charged with the responsibility of setting up standards, rules, and regulations for examination, classification and education of children who because of mental or physical handicaps are incapable of receiving proper benefit from ordinary public school instruction. It is charged further with the responsibility of establishing a division for the vocational rehabilitation and placement, in remunerative employment, of persons whose capacity to earn a living has been destroyed or impaired. It is the duty of the Department to give high school equivalent examinations to determine the educational attainment of persons, nineteen years or over, who have not graduated from high school. The Department is also developing a State-wide public library service and a school library service. The organization of the Department is in six Divisions: (1) In- struction, (2) Vocational Education, (3) Certification and Accredita- tion, (4) Finance, Statistics, and Educational Measurements, (6) Vocational Rehabilitation, and (6) Library Extension. The head of the Division of Vocational Education is the Assistant State Superin- tendent for Vocational Education. All other Divisions are headed by Directors. o DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION Robert C. Thompson, Director 1112 Lexington Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 7230 The Division of Vocational Rehabilitation offers an extended program as a result of the increases in the amount and character of Federal aid which became available in 1943 and in 1948. Any citizen of the State 16 years of age or over is eligible if permanently disabled. Besides the main office in Baltimore, there are branch offices in Baltimore, Hagerstown, Salisbury, and Hyattsville. 52 MARYLAND MANUAL

DIVISION OF LIBRARY EXTENSION Helen M. Clark, Director 400 Cathedral Street, Baltimore Telephone: Mulberry 6580 The Division of Library Extension is a central library agency, under the immediate supervision of a Director, appointed by the State Board of Education on nomination by the State Superintendent of Schools (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 77, sec. 163). Librarians of the Division work throughout the State to improve and develop libraries. They meet and talk with groups of citizens who are interested in library service for counties, towns, schools and state institutions. They visit libraries and advise librarians, library trustees, teachers and administrators. Guidance in library organization, book selection, budgets, personnel and community relations is also given. Residents of counties served by county libraries, or cities and towns served by public libraries, may get these services through their local libraries, but any one or any group within the State and outside the City of Baltimore may borrow in person or by mail. The State Superintendent of Schools authorizes the payment to the County Board of Library Trustees of any county in which a library is established, those funds subject to its order to which the county and the library may be entitled, and such funds are added to the Public Library Fund. All money levied or appropriated is used for current operations of the county library and not for the purchase of land, the erection of buildings, or for debt reduction. In order to extend these benefits to the several political subdivisions of the State, not more than $5,000 is made available to any one political sub- division of the State. o STATE TEACHERS COLLEGES Earle T. Hawkins, President, State Teachers College, Towson Lillian C. Compton, President, State Teachers College, Frostburg J. D. Blackwell, President, State Teachers College, Salisbury William E. Henry, Jr., President, State Teachers College, Bowie The four State Teachers Colleges provide for training of elementary and junior high school teachers. In 1931, the General Assembly increased the teachers course to three years, and in 1934, the State Board of Education extended the course to four years. Junior Col- leges were inaugurated at the State Teachers Colleges in September, 1946. The staffs of the State Teachers Colleges are as follows: 57 at Towson, 32 at Frostburg, 29 at Salisbury, and 25 at Bowie. The en- rollments are as follows: 620 at Towson, 235 at Frostburg, 163 at Salisbury, and 148 at Bowie. Publications: Directory of School Officials and Teachers of Maryland, 1946 Supplement to the Public School Laws of Maryland, 1946 Maryland High School Equivalence Certificate, 1946 Maryland’s Program of Vocational Rehabilitation for Dis- abled Persons, 1946 MARYLAND MANUAL 53

Report of a Survey of Higher Education in the State of Maryland, 1947 Requirements for Certificates, 1947 Public School Laws of Maryland, 1948 Summary of Important Sections of the Maryland Public School Laws, 1948 Maryland’s Program of Vocational Rehabilitation for Dis- abled Persons, 1948 Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $25,505,406 $28,228,197 Fees (Teachers Colleges) 146,036 149,080 Federal Funds 500,000 500,000 $26,151,436 $28,877,277 Staff: 135* ■——o

STANDARD MARYLAND COLLEGES Approved by Maryland State Board of Education Senior Colleges: College of Notre Dame Baltimore 12 Goucher College Baltimore 18 Hood College : Frederick Johns Hopkins University Baltimore 18 Loyola College Baltimore 12 Maryland State College (Colored) Princess Anne Morgan State College (Colored) Baltimore 14 Mount Saint Mary’s College Emmitsburg Saint John’s College Annapolis Saint Joseph’s College Emmitsburg Saint Mary’s Seminary Baltimore 1 University of Baltimore School of Business Industry and Management Baltimore 1 University of Maryland College Park and Baltimore 1 Washington College Chestertown Western Maryland College Westminster Woodstock College. Woodstock Washington Missionary College Takoma Park Teachers Colleges: State Teachers College Frostburg State Teachers College Salisbury State Teachers College Towson 4 State Teachers College (Colored) Bowie Coppin Teachers College (Colored) Baltimore 17 * Does not include employees at the Teachers Colleges. 54 MARYLAND MANUAL

Junior Colleges: Hagerstown Junior College Hagerstown Montgomery Junior College Bethesda 14 Mount. Saint Agnes Junior College Baltimore 9 Saint Charles College Catonsville 28 Saint Mary’s Female Seminary. St. Mary’s City University of Baltimore Baltimore 1 * State Teachers College (Colored) Bowie * State Teachers College Frostburg * State Teachers College Salisbury * State Teachers College Towson 4 Veterans Institute (Baltimore City College) Baltimore 18 -o- MARYLAND STATE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Members of the Board of Visitors: President: John H. Baker Charles E. Moylan, Vice President; William M. Storm, Secretary; Charles McC. Mathias, Treasurer; Robert E. Delaplaine, Chairman, Executive Committee; J. Norman Ager; Joseph D. Baker, Jr.; Floyd J. Carter, D.C.; Charles H. Conley, M.D.; George R. Dennis, Jr.; William W. Hanly; Joseph H. Hines; J. V. Jamison III; J. Tyson Lee; Tasker G. Lowndes; D. John Markey; Samuel Marvin Peach; Harry B. Shaw; Walter E. Sinn; Palmer Tennant; Bernard 0. Thomas, M.D.; Oscar E. Webb; Wallace Williams. Ignatius Bjorlee, LL.D., Superintendent 242 South Market Street, Frederick Telephone: Frederick 132 The Governor appoints the members of the Board of Visitors for an indefinite term. All scholarships are free to deaf children of the State. The average enrollment over the past ten years has been 180. The aim of the school is to make deaf children self-supporting members of society. Besides the regular course of study, including high school, every boy at graduation has learned some trade, such as printing, cabinet-making or tailoring, while every girl has completed a course in domestic science, household arts or cosmetology. The vocational training department is supplied with modern equipment, and the trades and academic buildings are modern. Aurex and Fair- child hearing aid sets, for class room use, and Western Electric audio-meters, for testing hearing, have been installed. Since 1942, the school has added military training, rhythmic training, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts. The school was chartered in 1867, and opened in 1868, in barracks buildings of Camp Frederick. One barracks building still stands and was recently restored. The cornerstone of the main building was laid May 31, 1870. Publications: The Maryland Bulletin, Vol. LXVI, 1946 The Maryland Bulletin, Vol. LXVII, 1947 The Maryland Bulletin, Vol. LXVIII, 1948 1948 1949 Appropriations $158,224 $159,028 Staff: 57. First two years. MARYLAND MANUAL 55

MARYLAND WORKSHOP FOR THE BLIND Chairman and Counsel: John G. Schilpp Frederick A. Dolfield, Treasurer; William T. Schackelford, Sr.; Charles M. See; C. Warren Bledsoe. Associate Members: Francis M. Andrews William S. Ratchford, Secretary and Superintendent E. Allen Schilpp, Assistant Secretary 601 N. Fulton Avenue, Baltimore 17 Telephone: Gilmor 4566 The Maryland Workshop for the Blind is a State Institution, incorporated in 1908 (An. Code 1939, Art. 30, sec. 8). Control is vested in a Board of five Trustees, three of whom are appointed by the Gov- ernor, with Senate approval, and two are elected by the Board of Directors of the Maryland School for the Blind. The Workshop is conducted for the training, and employment of all blind citizens of Maryland over eighteen years of age. Besides the functions of employment and training, the Workshop is a distributing agency for the U. S. Government owned Talking Book Machines. The Home Service Department includes home teaching, rehabilitation and training of the adult blind, in cooperation with the Voca- tional Rehabilitation Division of the State Department of Education. The Vending Stand Department includes licensing establishment, and maintenance of vending stands in Federal, state, county, municipal, and other buildings. 1948 1949 Appropriations - $37,240 $37,240 Staff: 100. o THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND The Board of Regents and The State Board of Agriculture Chairman: William P. Cole, Jr., 1949 Edward F. Holter, 1950; Stanford Z. Rothschild, Secretary, 1952; J. Milton Patterson, Treasurer, 1953; E. Paul Knotts, 1954; Peter Wood Chichester, 1951; Harry A. Nuttle, 1957; Philip C. Turner, 1950; Mrs. John L. Whitehurst, 1956; Charles P. McCormick, 1957; Millard E. Tydings, 1951. Officers of Administration H. C. Byrd, LL.D., D.Sc., President of the University T. B. Symons, M.S., D.Agri., Director of Extension Service, Dean of College of Agriculture H. F. Cotterman, Ph.D., Dean of the Faculty J. T. Williams, Ph.D., Dean of Administration, Maryland State College J. Freeman Pyle, Ph.D., Dean of College of Business and Public Administration and Acting Dean of College of Arts an(j Sciences J. Ben Robinson, D.D.S., F.A.C.D., Dean of School of Den- tistry Harold Benjamin, Ph.D., Dean of College of Education, Di- rector of Summer School S. S. Steinberg, B.E., C.E., Dean of College of Engineering C. O. Appleman, Ph.D., Dean of Graduate School 56 MAKYLAND MANUAL

M. Marie Mount, M.A., Dean of College of Home Economics Roger Howell, LL.B., Ph.D., Dean of School of Law H. Boyd Wylie, M.D., Acting Dean of School of Medicine Florence M. Gipe, M.S., R.N., Superintendent of Nurses, Director of School of Nursing Andrew G. DuMez, Ph.D., Dean of School of Pharmacy W. B. Kemp, Ph.D., Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station W. J. Huff, Ph.D., D.Sci., Director of the Engineering Ex- periment. Station R. B. Corbett, Ph.D., Associate Dean of College of Agricul- ture and Associate Director of Extension Service Geary F. Eppley, M.S., Dean of Men Adele H. Stamp, M.A., Dean of Women H. C. Griswold, Col., Inf., U. S. Army, Acting Dean, College of Military Science, Physical Education and Recreation, and Commandant Alma H. Preinkert, M.A., Registrar Edgar F. Long, Ph.D., Director of Admissions Charles L. Benton, M.S., C.P.A., Comptroller Howard Rovelstad, M.A., B.S.L.S., Acting Director of Libraries Harold A. Sayles, A.B., Assistant Superintendent of Uni- versity Hospital Louis R. Burnett, M.D., Medical Director George W. Fogg, M.A., Personnel Director George O. Weber, B.S., Business Manager Frank K. Haszard, B.F.S., Director of Procurement and Supply. College Park Telephone: Warfield 3800 College Park College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station Extension Service College of Arts and Sciences College of Business and Public Administration College of Education College of Engineering College of Home Economics Graduate School Summer School Department of Miltary Science and Tactics Baltimore School of Dentistry School of Law School of Medicine School of Nursing School of Pharmacy The University Hospital College of Education, Baltimore Division Princess Anne Maryland State College The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints the eleven Regents of the University of Maryland. This board also functions as the State Board of Agriculture. Terms of all members are for nine years from the first Monday in June. The gov- MARYLAND MANUAL 57 ernment of the University is vested by law in the Regents. The administration of the University is vested in the President (Code 1947 Supp. Art.. 77, sec. 235). The University of Maryland is located at College Park, in Prince George’s County, eight miles from Washington and thirty-two miles from Baltimore. The campus fronts on the Baltimore-Washington Boulevard. The Professional Schools of Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Law, and the University Hospital, are located in Balti- more in the vicinity of Lombard and Greene Streets. The Maryland State College is the division of the University of Maryland for Negroes, and is located at Princess Anne in Somerset County. It is the Negro land grant college of Maryland, and is so recognized by the United States Office of Education. College Park The College of Agriculture includes the following departments: Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural Economics and Farm Man- agement, Agricultural Education and Rural Life, Agricultural Engi- neering, Agronomy (including Crops and Soils), Animal Husbandry, Botany, Dairy Husbandry, Entomology and Bee Culture, Horticul- ture including Pomology, Vegetable Gardening, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture, Plant Pathology, Plant Physiology and Bio-Chem- istry, Poultry Husbandry, and Veterinary Science. The College of Business and Public Administration provides professional training in economics and business administration for students who plan to be in executive, teaching, investigating or administrative positions. The College of Education offers seven curricula as follows: academic, business education, elementary education, home economics education, nursery school education, industrial education, and physical education. The College of Enginering includes the Departments of Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering. Graduate work is offered, under the supervision of the Dean of the Graduate School, by members of the various faculties of instruction and research. The College of Home Economics is organized into the Department of Foods and Nutrition, Textiles and Clothing, Home and Institutional Management, and Practical Arts. The College of Arts and Sciences is divided into one Lower Divi- sion and four Upper Divisions. Under the latter are grouped the following departments: A. The Divisions of Biological Sciences: Bacteriology, Botany, Entomology, Genetics, and Zoology. B. The Division of Humanities: Art, Classical Languages and Literatures, Comparative Literature, English Literature and Phi- lology, Foreign Languages and Literatures, Music, Philosophy, and Speech. C. The Division of Physical Sciences: Astronomy, Chemistry, Ge- ology, Mathematics, and Physics. D. The Division of Social Sciences: Economics, History, Political Science, Psychology, and Sociology. The Department of Military Science and Tactics has charge of the work of the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps unit established by the War Department. Students are required to take the Basic R.O.T.C. courses. 58 MARYLAND MANUAL

Extension in Agriculture and Home Economics The Extension Service is the branch of the University of Mary- land, established by Federal and State law, which is designed to assist the farmer and his family in promoting the prosperity and welfare of agriculture and rural life. Its work is conducted in co-operation with the United State Department of Agriculture. The Extension Service is represented in each county of the State by a county agent and by a home demonstration agent. Practically every phase of agriculture and rural home life comes within the scope of the work undertaken by the Extension Service. Farmers are supplied with details of crop and livestock production, and with instructions for controlling disease and insect pests; they are encouraged and aided in organized effort and helped with marketing problems. The Extension Service works in co-operation with all other branches of the University of Maryland and with all agencies of the United States Department of Agriculture. It co-operates with all farm and community organizations in the State which have as their major object the improvement of agriculture and rural life; and it aids in every way possible in making effective the regulatory work and other measures instituted by the State Board of Agriculture. Research and Agricultural Experiment Station The Agriculture Experiment Station is the Agricultural research agency of the University, which has for its purpose the increase of knowledge, primarily for the direct benefit of the farmer. It is also the source of agricultural information for use in the classroom and for demonstrations in the field. The Experiment Station work is supported by both State and Federal apropriations. The Maryland Station, in addition to the work conducted at the University, operates a sub-station farm of fifty acres at Ridgely, Caroline County, and a farm of about sixty acres at Upper Marlboro for tobacco investigations. Experiments in co-operation with farmers are conducted at many different points in the State. These tests consist of studies with soils, fertilizers, crops, orchards, insect and plant disease control, and stock feeding. o MARYLAND STATE COLLEGE J. T. Williams, President Princess Anne Telephone: Princess Anne 39 The Maryland State College, Division of the University of Mary- land (formerly known as Princess Anne), is located at Princess Anne in Somerset County. It is the Land Grant College of Maryland for Negroes, offering a full four-year curriculum in Agriculture, Home Economics, Mechanical and Commercial Industries, and Industrial Arts, and in the Arts and Sciences; leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science. The enrollment during the school year 1947-1948 was 192. Brief History of the University The history of the present University is the history of two institutions; the old privately-owned and operated University of Maryland in Baltimore and the Maryland State College (formerly Maryland Agricultural College) at College Park. MARYLAND MANUAL 59

In 1807 the College of Medicine of Maryland was organized; the first class was graduated in 1810. A permanent home was established in 1814-1815 by the erection of the building at Lombard and Greene Streets in Baltimore. Here was founded one of the first medical libraries (and the first medical school library) in the United States. In 1812, the General Assembly of Maryland authorized the College of Medicine of Maryland to “annex or constitute faculties of divinity, law, and arts and sciences,” and by the same Act declared that the “colleges or faculties thus united should be constituted an university by the name and under the title of the University of Maryland.” By authority of this Act, steps were taken in 1813 to establish a “faculty of law,” and in 1823 a regular school of instruction in law was opened. Subsequently there were added: in 1882 a Department of Dentistry which was absorbed in 1923 by the Baltimore College of Dental Sur- gery, founded in 1840; in 1889 a School of Nursing; and in 1904 the Maryland College of Pharmacy. The Maryland State College was chartered in 1856 under the name of the Maryland Agricultural College. For three years the College was under private management. In 1862 the Congress of the United States passed the Land Grant Act. This Act granted each State and Terri- tory that should claim its benefits a proportionate amount of unclaimed western lands, in place of scrip, the proceeds from the sale of which should apply under certain conditions to the “endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such a manner as the Legisla- tures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life.” This grant was accepted by the General Assembly of Maryland, and the Maryland Agricultural College was named as the beneficiary of the grant. In the fall of 1914 control was taken over entirely by the State. In 1916 the General Assembly granted a new charter to the College, and made it the Mary- land State College. In 1920, by an Act of the State Legislature, the University of Mary- land was merged with the Maryland State College, and the name of the latter was changed to the University of Maryland.

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND and STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE Publications: Cooperative Association Laws of Maryland, 1946.1 Comparative Census of Maryland Agriculture by Counties, 1946.' Your Farm Lease, 1947.' Technique for Classifying Farm Land for Tax Purposes, 1946.‘ Postwar Revenues for Rural Public Services in Maryland, 1946.* Improving Farm Income Tax Reporting, 1946.* Forest Taxation in Maryland, 1947.* Farm Real Estate Trends in Maryland, 1947.* 1 Extension Bulletin. * Experiment Station. 5 Miscellaneous Publication. 60 MARYLAND MANUAL

The Drainage Law of Maryland, 1947.3 Labor Utilization in Dairy Building, 1947.'1 Tomato Late Blight and Its Control, 1947.' Handling Maryland Orchard Plantings, 1946.” Grape Culture in Maryland, 1946.” Growing Strawberries in Maryland, 1947.” Effect of Variety, Maturity and Canning Procedure on Quality and Nutritive Values of Lima Beans, 1947.* Root-Knot, 1946.” Feeds and Feeding Practices for Chickens, 1946.” Culling for Most Profitable Egg Production, 1947.” Breeding Turkeys for More Profitable Production, 1946.” Raising Turkeys for Market, 1946.” Poultry Laying Houses, 1946.” What R.O.P. Means to You, 1946.3 Hand-book for 4-H Club Leaders, 1947.” Agricultural Extension Service, Annual Report, 1946, 1947. Agricultural Experiment Station, Annual Report, 1946, 1947. Biennial Report of the University and the State Board of Agri- culture, 1944-1946. General Catalog, 1947-1948. Academic Regulations, 1947-1948. Curricula and Courses of Study in Education, 1948-1949. The Graduate School, 1948-1949. Summer School, 1948. Publications of Bureau of Business and Economic Research: Studies in Business and Economics. Vol. I, No. 1—Economic Survey of Allegany County, Maryland, 1947. Vol. I, No. 2—Maryland Business Barometer, 1947. Vol. I, No. 3—Building Activities in Maryland and Vicinity, 1947. Vol. I, No. 4—Inflation—Problems and Proposals, 1948. Publications of the Bureau of Public Administration: Improving the Government of Hagerstown, 1946. Improving, the Government of Cumberland, 1947. Small Government Career Service, A Manual for Maryland, 1948. Improving Government in Dundalk, 1948. Improving the Government of Takoma Park, 1948. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds: Educational Programs $1,003,231 $1,075,666 Agricultural Experiment Station 220,568 221,673 Agricultural Extension Service 506,883 510,650 Livestock Sanitarv Board 303,593 305,118 Maryland State College 115,983 116,331 Total Educational Programs & Procedures...$2,150,032 $2,229,438 1 Extension Bulletin. 3 Extension Circular. ” Extension Mimeograph. 4 Experiment Station. 5 Miscellaneous Publication. MARYLAND MANUAL 61

Professional Schools 1,331,151 1,911,450 Administration, Student Welfare, etc 566,586 604,017 Total General Funds: Less General Fund Deductions 80,955 94,893 Net General Funds $3,966,814 $4,660,007 Special Funds* $4,840,727 $4,919,453 Federal Funds (estimated) 474,012 474,012 Total Funds (all sources) $9,281,552 $10,281,472 The following- funds are administered by the University and State Board of Agriculture but not controlled by them: County Agriculture Extension $300,000 $300,000 Maryland Agricultural Society 2,265 2,265 Staff: Faculty 1,103 Clerical and others 2,344 Total 3,447 * Estimated student fees.

MORGAN STATE COLLEGE Board of Trustees Chairman: Morris A. Soper, 1953 Willard W. Allen, 1951; Levin C. Bailey, 1955; Carrington L. Davis, 1956; Bliss Forbush, 1949; Josiah F. Henry, Jr., 1957; Ivan E. McDougle, 1950; Carl J. Murphy, 1954; H. Milton Wagner, Jr., 1952. Martin D. Jenkins, President D. O. W. Holmes, President* George C. Grant, Dean James H. Carter, Secretary, Business Manager Edward N. Wilson, Registrar Hillen Rd. at Arlington Ave., Baltimore 12 Telephone: Hamilton 0756 Morgan State College was organized under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1867, as the Centennial Biblical Insti- tute. The School remained under Church jurisdiction until its purchase by the State of Maryland in 1939. The name of the school was changed to Morgan College in 1890 in honor of Dr. Lytton Morgan whose gift of a large sum of money to the institution enabled it to offer academic work on a collegiate level. The College moved to its present location on Hillen Road in 1917 from its former location on Edmondson Avenue, Baltimore. Morgan State College is under the direction of a Board of Trustees of nine members, appointed by the Governor for terms of nine years, the term of one member expiring each year. The administration of the College is vested in the Presi- dent who is appointed by the Board of Trustees (Code 1947, Supp. Art. 65A). Morgan State College is an institution of higher learning for Negro youth devoting its primary efforts to the training of prospective teachers for the junior and senior high schools, and the preparation of students for entrance to graduate and professional schools. It also * Retired June 30, 1948. 62 MARYLAND MANUAL offers courses for women in homemaking and prepares students for employment in recreational and leisure-time activities through its departments of music, drama, and physical education. Through courses in commerce, training is given to students looking forward to careers in business. In order to perform these functions the College operates in three divisions: (1) The College which at the Campus on Hillen Road offers a standard four year course in the liberal arts and teacher training; (2) The Summer School, which meets at the Hillen Road campus for six weeks each summer and is designed primarily to offer “in-service-training” to colored teachers in Maryland schools; (3) The Evening School which is operated in cooperation with the Department of Education of the City of Baltimore; courses are given each evening throughout the academic year at Douglass High School providing an opportunity for youth and adults to secure instruction on the college level and to provide “in-service-training” to teachers in the Baltimore area. During the academic year 1947-48, Morgan had a net enrollment in all divisions of 2036, with 1436 regular students, 375 evening students, and 562 summer students. Publications: Report of the President to the Board of Trustees, 1946, 1947. Morgan State College Bulletin. Appropriations and Receipts: 1948 General Fund $416,887 Tuition $168,825 Room, Board, Laundry. $119,577 Student Fees $34,800 Athletics $34,753 Prizes $100 Miscellaneous $21,242 Total Receipts and Appropriations $796,084 Staff: Professional and Faculty 80 Classified service 74 Total 154

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STATE SCHOLARSHIPS FOR NEGROES Edward N. Wilson, Secretary Morgan State College, Baltimore 12 Telephone: Hamilton 0756 The first State Scholarship fund for negroes was established in 1933 when the Commission on Higher Education for Negroes received an appropriation for this purpose. Since 1939, the fund has been administered by the Board of Trustees of Morgan State College. It is the purpose of the fund to render financial assistance to qualified negroes of the State for the pursuit of professional and graduate studies not available to them in this State. Three grants are made each year- first semester, second semester, and summer semester. 1948 1949 Appropriations $60,000 $60,000 Staff: 1. MARYLAND MANUAL 63

ST. MARY’S FEMALE SEMINARY Members of the Board of Trustees: President: R. Ames Hendrickson, 1961 R. Bascom Broun, Jr., Vice President, 1963; C. Ethelbert Abell, 1949; Edward Early, 1953; Mrs. George L. Ewalt, Jr., 1963; J. Donelan Hurry, 1953; Robert V. Palmer, 1949; Agnes C. Sasscer, 1949; L. Harold Sothoron, 1961; J. Spence Howard, 1961; Mrs. Felix E. Wathen, 1949; Lawrence P. Williams, 1961. M. Adele France, President and Chief Administrative Officer St. Mary’s City Telephone: Great Mills 1 The members of the Board of Trustees are appointed by the Gov- ernor for a term of six years. The seminary was chartered in 1839 as a monument to commemorate the two-hundredth anniversary of the founding of Maryland. The school operates as a four-year junior college; the curriculum covering the last two years of high school and the first two years of college. The State has established twenty- nine four-year scholarships, one for each county and each Legislative District of Baltimore City. The scholarships are awarded annually on a basis of need after examination by the County Board of Education or the Board of School Commissioners for Baltimore City (Code 1939, supp. art 77, sec. 236). The 1947-48 enrollment is 90. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $34,341 $36,834 Special Funds $32,600* $32,500* Staff: 24.

THE ANATOMY BOARD OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND Chairman: Carl L. Davis, M.D. Vice Chairman: William L. Straus, Jr. Mary Frampton, Secretary 29 South Green Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 1100 The Anatomy Board is an ex-officio body, composed of a demon- strator of anatomy from each medical school in the State (P.L.L. Code 1930, Art. 4, sec. 298). The purpose of the agency is the fair distribution of bodies to qualified medical schools. These bodies are of deceased persons required to be buried at public expense. Such bodies are used only for the promotion of medical science within the State. If any person claims to be of kin to the deceased, or a friend to the deceased during his life and asks to have the body for burial, it shall be surrendered for interment. 1948 1949 Special Fees $61.50 $61.50 Staff: 1. * Estimated student fees. 64 MARYLAND MANUAL

STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH State Board of Health Chairman: Robert H. Riley, M.D., Dr. P. H. Huntington Williams, M.D., Dr. P. H., Commissioner of Health of Baltimore City Members appointed by the Governor: George M. Anderson, D.D.S., 1953; J. W. Bird, M.D., 1951; Thomas S. Cullen, M.D., 1949; Maurice C. Pincoft's, M.D., 1953; A. L. Penni- man, Jr., C. E., 1949; Lloyd N. Richardson, Phar.D., 1951. Robert H. Riley, M.D., Dr. P. H., Director C. H. Halliday, M.D., Chief, Bureau of Communicable Dis- eases C. A. Perry, Sc.D., Chief, Bureau of Bacteriology William F. Reindollar, Sc.D., Chief, Bureau of Chemistry Edward Davens, M.D., Chief, Bureau of Child Hygiene A. L. Sullivan, Chief, Bureau of Food and Drugs Dean Roberts, M.D., Chief, Bureau of Medical Services George L. Hall, Chief, Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Arthur W. Hedrich, Sc.D., Chief, Bureau of Vital Statistics W. Ross Cameron, M.D., Chief, Division of Cancer Control Herbert G. Fritz, F.A.C.H.A., Chief, Division of Hospital Construction and Administration William F. Reindollar, Sc.D., Acting Chief, Division of In- dustrial Health J. Davis Donovan, Chief, Division of Legal Administration Kenneth B. Jones, M.D., Chief, Division of Mental Hygiene Richard C. Leonard, D.D.S., Chief, Division of Oral Hygiene James P. Slicher, Chief, Division of Personnel and Accounts Helen L. Fisk, R.N., Chief, Division of Public Health Nursing Consultants: Joseph Earle Moore, M.D., Venereal Diseases George E. Bennett, M.D., Services for Crippled Children Grant E. Ward, M.D., Cancer Control J. H. Mason Knox, Jr., M.D., Child Hygiene Victor F. Cullen, M.D., Tuberculosis Ralph P. Truitt, M.D., Mental Hygiene Allen W. Freeman, M.D., Public Health Administration 2411 North Charles Street, Baltimore 18 Telephone: University 4280 The Department of Health is governed by the State Board of Health. The Board is composed of the Director of the Department of Health and the Commissioner of Health of Baltimore City and six members appointed by the Governor for a term of six years. The Director of the Department also serves as Chairman of the Board (Code 1947 supp. Art. 43, sec. 4). Full-time health service in each county, provided since 1934, is the result, of gradual development. In 1914 a law was enacted dividing the State into ten Sanitary Districts, each consisting of two or three counties and each in charge of a Deputy Health Officer. Increased functions, making it necessary to decrease the territory covered, resulted in the County Health Department Law of 1922, which opened the way for full-time health departments in individual counties. A third law, passed in 1931, increased the number of Sanitary Districts to twenty-three, one in each county, and authorized the establishment of full-time health service in each county. Every county has had its own full-time health department since 1934. Each County MARYLAND MANUAL 65 Health Officer is also the Deputy State Health Officer in his district. Through them the Director of Health exercises supervision over all matters affecting public health in the counties of Maryland. Within the Executive office work regarding Public Health Educa- tion, nutrition and dietetics is carried on. The Public Health Educa- tion program includes assembling and distributing information on health promotion and disease prevention; preparing press releases, issuing a monthly bulletin; and compiling reports and other printed materials concerning the work of the Department. The Nutrition Pro- gram is educational. It stresses the need for adequate and well- balanced diets, and provides consultation in county and school clinics. The Consultant Dietitian is concerned with improving the diets in hospitals and institutions, particularly in the State Tuberculosis Sanatoria. Eight bureaus established by Acts of the General Assembly function within the State Department of Health (Code 1939 & 1947 supp. Art. 43, secs. 33 & 191). Each is responsible for a particular phase of the public health program. The Bureau of Communicable Diseases investigates the occurrence, distribution and types of communicable diseases reported in individuals and communities, in order that the proper control measures may be instituted. The Bureau studies the sources and routes of infection, assists local health authorities and private physicians in the diagnosis of communicable diseases, assists in finding unrecognized or unreported cases and gives advice as to the proper collection of laboratory specimens. The Pasteur treatment is administered to persons who may have been exposed to rabies. Services for Crippled Children, provided under the Bureau of Communicable Diseases, include orthopedic clinics, hospitalization, physiotherapy treatments and a program, operated in several counties, for the prevention of deafness and rheumatic fever. A Venereal Disease Control Program consisting of clinics, provision for rapid treatment of syphilis, and educational work, is carried on by this Bureau. The Tuberculosis Control Program, carried on in cooperation with the Maryland Tuber- culosis Association, stresses early diagnosis and nrevention as well as treatment (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 34). The Bureau of Bacteriology organized in 1912 assists physicians and health officers in the diagnosis of disease incidental to treatment and control. Bacteriological and serological tests are made to aid in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Many clinical laboratory tests are made, such as urinalysis and hematological and chemical tests of blood. The Bureciu. controls nil Inborntory work done in the counties of Maryland in connection with the diagnosis and control of human illness. Samples of water, shellfish, milk and other foods are examined incidental to control through the Chief Engineer and the Food and Drag Commissioner. The central laboratory is located at 2411 North Charles Street, Baltimore, with branch laboratories in An- napolis, Cambridge, Cumberland, Elkton, Easton, Frederick Hagers- Li ata Pr ce Frederick 1939, Art.A i ^43, sec.’ 35).^ > Rockville, and Salisbury (Code The Bureau of Chemistry determines the sanitary quali'y of drinking waters, milk and food substances; the legality of‘drug products, pharmaceutical, and medicinal preparations sold to the public. Chemical laboratories are operated at 2411 North Charles Street, Baltimore, and Cambridge, Maryland (Code 1939 Art 43 66 MARYLAND MANUAL MARYLAND MANUAL 67

Key to Map Showing Location of Maryland State Institutions

1. State Teachers College, Frostburg. 2. Miners Hospital, Frostburg. 3. State Reformatory for Males, Breathedsville. 4. Ritchie Hospital, Camp Ritchie. 5. State Sanatorium, Highfield. 6. Maryland State School for the Deaf, Frederick. 7. Henryton Sanatorium, Sykesville. 8. Springfield State Hospital, Sykesville. 9. Montrose School for Girls, Reisterstown. 10. Rosewood State Training School, Owings Mills. 11. Mt. Wilson Sanatorium, Mt. Wilson. 12. Spring Grove State Hospital, Catonsville. 13. State Teachers College, Towson. 14. Maryland Training School for Boys, Loch Raven. 15. Maryland Penitentiary, Baltimore. 16. Morgan State College, Baltimore. 17. House of Correction, Jessups. 18. Maryland Reformatory for Women, Jessups. 19. Maryland Training School for Colored Girls, Glen Burnie. 20. Crownsville State Hospital, Crownsville. 21. University of Maryland, College Park. 22. State Teachers College, Bowie. 23. Cheltenham School for Boys, Cheltenham. 24. St. Mary’s Female Seminary, St. Mary’s City. 25. Maryland State College, Division of the University of Maryland Princess Anne. 26. State Teachers College, Salisbury. 27. Eastern Shore Sanatorium, Salisbury. 28. Eastern Shore State Hospital, Cambridge. 68 MARYLAND MANUAL

The Bureau of Sanitary Engineering supervises the purity of water throughout the State and examines all sewage, water works, and refuse disposal projects. Through the State Board Oj. Health, it can require local authorities to install sewerage or water works or to alter their construction or operation. The Bureau exercises supervision over the disposal of trade wastes, stream pollution m general, and aerial pollution (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 38). The Bureau of Vital Statistics registers births and deaths in the State: it receives copies of the marriage and divorce records for statistical tabulation and as a safeguard against destruction of the original records maintained in the counties. The Bureau issues certified and uncertified copies of the birth and death records, and a “Registered Notice” of each new birth certificate is also sent to the mother on registration of the birth. It publishes current vital statistics monthly and annually and makes statistical studies based upon population, births, deaths, marriages, divorces, etc. (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 39). The Bureau of Child Hygiene works through the counties in an advisory and building capacity. It promotes, develops and extends the county programs. Upon request of the County Health Officers, and with "the approval of local physicians, arrangements are made for obstetrical and pediatric consultation clinics, health conferences for infants and pre-school children, and summer round-up clinics for children about to enter school. A School Health Program is operated in cooperation with the State Department of Education (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 40). The Bureau of Medical Services assists in the medical care of the indigent through a program which includes physician services, diag- nostic examinations, nursing homes, dental care and drugs. The Bureau licenses hospitals and nursing homes, and administers chronic disease hospitals in cooperation with the Division of hospital Con- struction and Administration. The Emergency Maternity and Infant. Care Program for the wives and children of service men has been administered under this bureau (Code 1947, supp. Art. 43, sec. 44A) The Division of Cancer Control was organized within the Bureau of Medical Services in 1946. It cooperates with the Maryland Division of the American Cancer Society in the development of a State Cancer Control Program. The principal activities under this program include: education of lay and professional groups; provision of Can- cer Detection Clinics and Tumor Clinics; research in cancer control and aid to the medically indigent. The Chief of the Bureau of Food and Drugs is State Food and Drug Commissioner. This Bureau investigates food and drug products manufactured or sold in the State in order to determine their purity, honesty of labeling, and compliance with the Food and Drug Acts. Its personnel inspects dairies, canneries, pharmacies, stores, markets, seafood establishments, slaughter houses and other places where food or drugs are produced, manufactured or sold (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 191). Also operating within the Department are eight Divisions organized by the State Board of Health. The Division of Industrial Health enforces the provisions for the prevention of occupational disease as included in the Workmans Compensation Law. The Staff visits plants to determine the extent and severity of health hazards and to make recommendations for needed corrections. MARYLAND MANUAL 69 The Division of Oral Hygiene is charged with the organization and supervision of county and school dental clinics. Educational work on the importance and maintenance of health is carried on through Division ClmiCS’ movin& Pictures and pamphlets distributed by the The IV Si0n 0f HospitaI •,e +?hC Lho pita-i , Construction and Administration admin- preparedi i underf theA construction Hill-Burton program Act. Under according this toprogram the State Federal plan funds for construction are made available on a matching basis and n,r"allpieLaCCOrdlnf r a P?ority schedule which is part of the State + P^l^roary studies of projected construction are made in co- nsorin construction.construction Vbi«This ^office also1 g ^oups.shares, withInspections the Bureau are made of Medicalduring Services, responsibility for administration of chronic disease hospitals. , The Division of Personnel and Accounts purchases supplies ma- tenals and equipment for all the bureaus and divisions. It exercises ment.m<^7 aTThehp PDivisionm?S?°n alsoT61 ’ supervisesaH employ the?es financesand accounts of the ofCounty the Depart- Health Departments and works with county and town officials in preparing joint budgets for local health work. preparing The Division of Public Health Nursing supervises the development of the nursing program; directs public health nursing technique the recruitment of nursing personnel; and correlates the Department’s Fn MaTylaX"”1 ^ °ther PUbHc hea,th —services^peSg h Di i?i 0 t; J pr iT lnfrT Ctl0n * Legalof AdministrationubIlc is charged with the investiga- ThisTW Divisionrii^'l■ also1' administersf P the health Bedding laws, and and Upholsteryprosecutes Law.violators. The purpose of the Mental Hygiene Division is to inaugurate and oirect a non-institutional mental health program for Maryland It provides psychiatric service in areas of the State where no such S avai abl staffed byv! psychiatrists,l . e through psychologists, the operation and psychiatricof mental socialhealth workersclinics, worKing m conjunction with county health officers and public health nurses. Tbo division of Tuberculosis Services is the successor to the Mary- land Tuberculosis Sanatoria Commission. The State Board of Health W na S f ntro1 a d su erv TA(Code, 1947, „,i? supp. Art.? 43,P sec.ision 94A). of allDuring State the Tuberculosis year 1946, sanatoriathe State Department of Health, through its county health officers conducted 497 tuberculosis clinics in the counties at which 14,399 patients were examinecl and 55 new cases discovered. A total of 1070 patients were aamitted to the four State sanatoria during 1946. Publications. Ativunl Report of State Tuberculosis Sanatoria 1946 Public Health in Maryland, 1946 Appropriations: 1948 1949 State Department $1,046,584.00 $1,065,702.00 Bureau of Medical Services 911,870.00 1,035,583.00 Special Funds: Licenses 24,435.00 24.550.00 County Funds 86,200.00 86.200.00 Federal Aid 1,152,919.30 1,152,919.30 Total ..$3,222,008.30 $3,364,954.30 Staff: 305. 70 MARYLAND MANUAL THE STATE SANATORIUM J. B. Lyon, M.D., Acting Superintendent State Sanatorium, Near Sabillasville Telephone: Highfield 91 This institution, opened in 1908, is located in Western Maryland and provides for the care of patients in all stages of tuberculosis. It was one of the first tuberculosis sanatoria to be built in the United States and was planned largely in accordance with the general ideas of the treatment of tuberculosis at that time. The Sanatoria cares for an average of 325 patients. 1948 1949 Appropriations $663,655* $663,655* Staff: 254. Eastern Shore Branch Seth H. Hurdle, M.D., Acting Superindent Salisbury Telephone: Salisbury 705 This institution was placed under the control of the Maryland Tu- berculosis Sanatoria in 1928. It is caring for 60 patients from the Eastern Shore. 1948 1949 Appropriations $75,071* $75,071* Staff: 27. Henryton Branch Reuben Hoffman, M.D., Superintendent Sykesville Telephone: Sykesville 175 This institution opened in 1923, provides for the care of 390 colored patients. 1948 1949 Appropriations - $523,887* $523,887* Staff: 203. Mount Wilson Branch Stewart S. Shaffer, M.D., Superintendent Mount Wilson Telephone: Pikesville 68 This institution, opened in 1925, provides for the care of patients in all stages of tuberculosis. It now has 209 patients. 1948 1949 Appropriations $288,267* $288,267* Staff: 111. * The total appropriation for the Sanatoria of $1,550,880 is subject to 2% general fund deduction. The amounts allocated to the individual institutions are controlled by the State Sanatorium and may be changed according to need. —o RITCHIE HOSPITAL J. A. McCallum, M.D., Superintendent Camp Ritchie Telephone: Highfield 225 Ritchie Hospital, located near the summit of the Blue Ridge Moun- tains, has been in operation since the fall of 1947. It functions under the Bureau of Medical Services, and in cooperation with the Division of Hospital Construction and Administration. The hospital is for the care of indigent, chronic disease patients of the State. To date, the MARYLAND MANUAL 71 hospital has had 115 patients and has had an average number of 85 patients at a time. The capacity is 200. There are two staff doctors, eleven nurses and forty-four hospital attendants. 1948 1949 Appropriations $306,253 $312,165 Staff: 80. —i—o COUNCIL OF MEDICAL CARE Victor F. Cullen, M.D., Page Jett, M.D., the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty; R. H. Riley, M.D., Director of the State Department of Health; J. W. Bird, M.D., State Board of Health; Alan M. Chesney, M.D., The Johns Hopkins Univer- sity School of Medicine; G. Carroll Lockard, M.D., The Uni- versity of Maryland School of Medicine; P. J. McMillin, Maryland-D. C. Hospital Association; J. Milton Patterson, State Department of Public Welfare; F. Noel Smith, D.D.S., Maryland State Dental Association; Martha Johnson, Mary- land State Nurses Association; George H. Preston, M.D., State Commissioner of Mental Hygiene; A. G. DuMez, Mary- land Pharmaceutical Association; Douglass Shepperd, M.D., Maryland Medical Association. The Council on Medical Care is composed of fourteen members chosen as follows: two appointed by the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- ulty, two appointed by the State Board of Health, one of whom is the Director of the State Department of Health; one member each from the faculties of the medical schools of the University of Maryland and The Johns Hopkins University, named by the governing body of the respective Medical Schools; one Maryland Hospital Administrator named by the Maryland-District. of Columbia Hospital Association; one member of the State Dental Association as named by its governing body; one nurse appointed by the Directors of the State Nurses Association, one member appointed by the Executive Board of the Maryland Medical Association; one member appointed by the governing body of the Maryland Pharmaceutical Association, the Commissioner of Mental Hygiene, the Director of the State Depart- ment of Welfare, and the Superintendent of the State Tuberculosis Sanatoria. The term of each member is for two years. The Council advises the Department of Health in the formulation of policies in regard to the administration of the Medical Care program CCode 1947 Supp. Art. 43, sec. 44A). o ADVISORY BOARD ON HOSPITAL LICENSING Chairman: Winford H. Smith, M.D., 1953 J. Douglas Colman, 1950; William L. Galvin, 1949; William D. Noble, M.D., 1951; J. Oliver Purvis, M.D., 1949; Ridgeway Trimble, M.D., 1952; Benjamin W. Wright, 1952. The Advisory Board on Hospital Licensing was established in 1945. It consists of seven members appointed by the Governor for a term of five years. Of the first seven appointees, one serves for one year two for two years, one for three years, two for four years and one for five years. The Board recommends and assists the Depart- ment of Health m the establishment of minimum standards for the licensing of hospitals within the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 43 72 MARYLAND MANUAL

ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION W. D. Noble, M.D., 1951; Harvey H. Weiss, Superintendent Sinai Hospital, 1951; Mrs. Roy C. F. Weagly, 1949; C. E. Wise, Jr., 1949; Peregrine Wroth, Jr., M.D., 1949; Ralph Young, M.D., 1949; J. Douglas Colman, 1950; Maurice C. Pincoffs, M.D., 1950; George H. Preston, M.D., Commissioner of Mental Hygiene, 1950; Robert H. Riley, M.D., Director State Department of Health, 1950; Winford H. Smith, M.D., 1950; Ernest L. Stebbins, M.D., 1950; Huntington Williams, M.D., Commissioner of Health, 1950; Walter D. Wise, M.D., 1950; Benjamin W. Wright, 1950; J. David Cordle, 1951. The Advisory Board on Hospital Construction was established in 1947. It is composed of eleven members appointed by the Governor for a term of three years, but of those first appointed, three serve for one year, four for two years, and four for three years. The Council is to consult and advise with the Board of Health in the administration of a State plan of Hospital Construction under the terms of the “Hill-Burton” Act (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 43, sec. 496L).

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MINERS HOSPITAL Board of Trustees Appointed by the Governor: Chairman: W. O. McLean, M.D., 1951; J. Edwin Winters, Vice Chairman, 1949; Edward Ryan, 1951; William Jenkins, 1949. Elected by the Board: Michael J. Byrnes, 1949; Walter J. Mackey, 1949; William Lemert, 1949. Mary T. Howie, R.N., Acting Superintendent 54 Tarn Terrace, Frostburg Telephone: Frostburg 275 Miners Hospital, established in 1912, is governed by a Board of Trustees of seven members, four of whom are appointed by the Gov- ernor for terms of four years; three members are elected by the Board for two year terms (Acts 1912, Ch. 441). The Hospital, founded originally for the purpose of providing hospital facilities to miners and their families, today serves as a general hospital for the residents of Frostburg and vicinity. While rated as a thirty-five bed hospital, present demands require that it serve an average of about 50 patients. It occupies a two-acre site. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $42,155 $43,243 Fees $40,000* $40,000* $82,155 $83,243 Staff: 31. * Estimated. MARYLAND MANUAL 73 STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE State Board of Public Welfare Lee L. Dopkin, 1953; William L. Galvin, 1951; James M. Hepbron, 1949; Sidney Hollander, 1951; Frank C. Marino, M.D., 1953; Thomas W. Pangborn, 1949; Mrs. J. Enos Rav, 1949; Ernest O. Wheatley, 1951. J. Milton Patterson, Director Elizabeth G. Smith, Assistant to the Director 120 W. Redwood Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 0050 The State Department of Public Welfare is the central, coordinating and directing agency of all welfare activities in the State, including Aid to Dependent Children, Old Age Assistance, Child Wel- fare Services, and any other welfare activities, financed in whole or in part by the State or Federal Government. The Governor is authorized to designate the Chairman of the Board, and to arrange the terms of the members so that they will hold office for staggered terms of six years, the terms of three members expiring on June 1st of every second year (Code 1947, Art. 88A, sec. 2). In each county there is a County Welfare Board, constituting an administrative department of the local government, with authority to administer under the supervision, direction and control of the State Department, the welfare activities within each county, including the care of neglected, dependent and delinquent, children. Each County Board consists of seven persons, who are apointed for six-year terms, with the exception of a County Commissioner, who is designated each year by the Board of County Commissioners. The duties of the Department include the supervision of all public and private institutions having the care, custody or control of dependent, delinquent, abandoned or neglected children, and the investigation of the system of public and private institutions, organizations and agencies of a charitable nature in the State, including those which receive part of their income from the State, except those placed by law under the supervision of another State agency. Prior to the convening of each regular session of the General Assembly, the Director furnishes to the Governor a report which includes activities of the Department, the conditions of all charitable institutions, organizations, and agencies, including hospitals receiving financial aid from the State, and recommendations as to appropriations. All monies ap- propi iated to institutions, organizations, agencies and hospitals are paid on a per capita basis at the rates, and subject to the rules and regulations, established by the State Board of Public Welfare. The Department licenses any person or institution maintaining a house in which two or more persons beyond the age of 65 shall be cared for and for which a charge is made, except persons caring for relatives. It has the administration of the laws regarding the placement of children in this State by out-of-State agencies. The Depart- ment licenses agencies, institutions, and individuals having the care and custody of minors; these include child placement agencies and foster homes for minors. Individuals not regularly engaged in the business of providing foster homes for minors, who receive into their home one or more minors, other than children related to them by blood or marriage, must register with the State Department of Public Wel- fare their intention to receive such minor, stating whether or not the purpose is to adopt. 74 MARYLAND MANUAL

The State Department of Public Welfare is responsible for the supervision, direction and control of the four . State tramin^ sch^ In developing the program withm each training school, including provision for after-care supervision, the Department establishes rules and regulations, standards of care, policies of admission, transfer and discharge, and may order changes in the policies, conduct or management of the four State training schools Subject to these linutations each of the schools is under the general management of its Board ot Managers. The Governor appoints members for staggered terms of three years, so arranged that the terms of at least two members expire June 1 of each year. Members are eligible for reappointment to an additional term or terms, but not immediately succeeding the second term (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88A, sec. 18). Publications: Biennial Report, 1945-46. Directory of Local Welfare Board Members, 1946. Public Assistance: Average Monthly Payment, 1947. Appropriations: 1948 1949 State Funds .... .$5,586,954 $5,641,858 Federal Funds .$4,975,350 $4,987,619 County Funds .$2,858,995 $2,868,458 Total $13,421,299 $13,497,985 Staff: 44 (in State Department Office). o CHELTENHAM SCHOOL FOR BOYS Members of the Board of Managers: President: William E. Henry, 1951 Willard W. Allen, 1951; William M. Brady, 1951; John Thomas Colbert, 1954; Charles E. Cornish, 1950; Edward N. Wilson, 1950; Bertha B. Proctor, 1950; James Arthur White, 1960; Violet Hill Whyte, 1951. Hiawatha R. Harris, Acting Superintendent Cheltenham Telephone: Brandywine 2211 The Governor appoints the nine members of the Board of Managers. All terms expire June 1, six years from appointment. Members are eligible for re-appointment. The institution is responsible for the custody, care, education and training of male colored delinquent youths. The capacity of the school is 200; the average population is 230. The school has adequate machinery for carpenter’s work and shoe repairing. The institution is located on 1,230 acres of land of which approximately 60 acres comprise main buildings, staff dwellings, and campus, and approximately 800 acres are for farming and allied activities. Publications: Cheltenham Needs and Possibilities at Present Location, 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations .$308,863 $313,636 Staff: 74. MARYLAND MANUAL 75 MARYLAND TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS Members of the Board of Managers: President: James A. Gary, Jr., 1949 William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor James J. Lacy, Comptroller Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer Richard H. Baker, 1953; S. Duncan Black, 1953; Henry F. Barrett, 1949; William F. Bohnenberg, 1953; Lewis W. Lake, 1953; Lawrason Riggs of J., 1951; Albert Stark, 1951; Ralph L. Thomas, 1949. Elbert. L. Fletcher, Superintendent Loch Raven Telephone: Towson 12 This institution is responsible for the custody, care, education and training of juvenile delinquent white boys. The average population of the school is 298. The school employs 96 persons and has a professional staff of 13 which includes elementary teachers, vocational instructors, psychologist and nurse. Boys are trained in automobile repairing, electrical work, mechanical drawing, pipe fitting, power plant operating, sheet metal work, architectural drawing, brick ma- sonry, tile setting, illustrating, printing, carpentry, cabinet making, painting, farming, dairying, greenhouse practice, laundering, tailoring and cooking. The course of training aims to give the boy an understanding of the related theory of industrial arts and practice. 1948 1949 Appropriations $350,118 $351,407 Staff: 96. o MARYLAND TRAINING SCHOOL FOR COLORED GIRLS Members of the Board of Managers: Chairman: Howard H. Murphy, 1951 Victorine Quille Adams, 1950; Ethel Harris, 1952; Truly Hatchett, 1951; William A. Lottier, 1950; Baxter L. Mat- thews, 1952; Dallas F. Nicholas, 1952; James F. Stewart, 1950; Anita Williams, 1951. Muriel E. Johnson, Superintendent Dorsey Road, Glen Burnie Telephone: Glen Burnie 154 The function of this school is to rehabilitate colored girls between the ages of twelve and eighteen admitted through the Courts, who have been adjudged delinquent on the basis of violations of laws, in- corrigibility, truancy or immorality. The objective of the school is correction through education, consisting of academic, vocational, religious, recreational and physical training. The institution is situated on 160 acres of land, of which 60 acres are used for farming. The inventory value of land, buildings and equipment is $289,536.67. The capacity of the institution is now 72 girls, but the new building under construction will house an additional twelve. The institution is now caring for about 90 girls. There are forty-two employees including the professional staff of superintendent, assistant supervisor, farm manager, nurse, dietician, two case workers, four academic teachers and a recreational supervisor. In addition to 76 MARYLAND MANUAL this regular staff, the school also has the services of four part-time workers, a physician, a psychiatrist, a chaplain and a dentist. 1948 1949 Appropriations $116,302 $117,033 Staff: 40.

MONTROSE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Members of the Board of Managers: President: Mrs. Adolf Guttmacher, 1951 William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor Granville H. Hibberd, Vice-President, 1951; Clarence A. Tucker, Treasurer, 1949; Mrs. Harold Donnell, Recording Secretary, 1949; Mrs. Claude B. Heilman, Corresponding Secretary, 1951; Mrs. William V. Elder, 1953; Mrs. Frank A. Kaufman, 1953; Wallace Reidt, 1953; Albert N. Smith, 1949. Edith P. Gardner, Superintendent. Reisterstown Telephone: Worthington 153 The Montrose School for Girls is under the supervision of a Board of Managers appointed by the Governor. The Board is responsible to the Department of Public Welfare for the conduct of the School (Code 1947, supp. Art. 88A, sec. 17). The school was established as a private institution in Baltimore City in 1886. It was purchased by the State in 1918 and moved to its present location in 1922. The school is responsible for the custody and training of white juvenile delinquent girls. The average population of the school is 140. The school occupies a tract of 486 acres. 1948 1949 Appropriations $150,506 $148,140 Staff: 40. o

GOVERNOR’S COMMISSION ON PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE NEGRO POPULATION Chairman: Joseph P. Healy, 1953 David S. Jenkins, 1957; George D. Hicks, 1957; Thomas J. Healy, 1957; Walter T. Dixon, 1949; Joseph C. Mattingly, 1949; D. O. W. Holmes, 1949; Thomas B. McAdams, 1953; T. B. Symons, 1953; I. Bradshaw Higgins, 1954; Harry- T. Phoebus, 1954; William J. Muth, 1954; Glenn D. Brown, 1955; Mrs. William L. Fitzgerald, 1955; Vivian G. Alleyn; 1955; Robert H. Riley, 1956; Alexander P. Shaw, 1956; Joseph Kolodny, 1956. Josiah F. Henry, Executive Secretary 22 St. Paul Place, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2171 The Governor’s Commission on Problems Affecting the Negro Popu- lation, also known as the Commission on Race Relations, was created in 1943, superseding the Inter-Racial Committees appointed in 1927 MARYLAND MANUAL 77 and 1933. The Commission is composed of eighteen members appointed by the Governor for nine year terms (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 49B). The Commission has made a survey of the political, economic and social needs of the Negro population of Maryland. It acts as a clearing house for information concerning the Negro in Maryland. Acting in cooperation with the State officials and agencies and officials of local governmental units, the Commission attempts to find the cause and practical solutions to the special problems con- fronting the Negro. The Commission also cooperates in exchanging information and data with other race-relation agencies throughout the United States. 1948 1949 Appropriations $8,000 $8,000 Staff: 1. ■ o

BOARD OF MENTAL HYGIENE Chairman: George H. Preston, M.D. F. S. Robertson, 1949; Waitman F. Zinn, 1949; Kenneth B. Jones, 1952; Edith Stern, 1952; Andrew C. Gillis, 1953; Thomas H. Sprunt, 1953. George H. Preston, Commissioner 330 North Charles Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Saratoga 3934 The Board of Mental Hygiene was created in 1922, under Governor Ritchie’s Reorganization Plan. The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints a Commissioner of Mental Hygiene and six associate members of the Board. The Commissioner, who serves as Chairman of the Board, is appointed upon the recommendation of the associate members and for no specified term of office. The associate members hold office for six years. Of the associate members, three at least are from the City of Baltimore, four at least are physicians, and one must be a woman (Code 1939, Art. 59, sec. 15). This agency cooperates with the State hospitals and with private hospitals in planning future activity and methods of care for the mentally ill, both within institutions and in the community. Major effort has been directed toward improving hospital service and clinic service for the mentally ill. This Board supplanted the Lunacy Commission which for thirty-eight years had had as its function responsibility for the mentally afflicted wards of Maryland. The duties and powers of the Board remained unchanged and it continued to function as a separate Board, in cooperation and consultation with the Director of Welfare. Admissions are taken care of in the hospitals themselves, and the operation and management of these institutions are in the charge of the several superintendents. Publications: Study of Feebleminded, Epileptia and Psychotic Children made jointly with the Department of Public Wel- fare, 1946. Annual Report, 1946, 1947. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $25,939 $26,396 Boarding-Out Care $65,831 $68,876 Staff: 8. 78 MARYLAND MANUAL

CROWNSYILLE STATE HOSPITAL Members of the Board of Managers: President: Leo V. Miller, 1949 Ex-officio members: William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer; James J. Lacy, Comptroller. William Berkley Butler, M.D., Treasurer, 1949; A. Gordon Boone, 1953; Mrs. John L. Sanford, 1951; Napoleon B. Steward, 1953; Elmer G. Linhardt, 1951. Jacob Morgenstern, M.D., Superintendent Arnold H. Eichert, M.D., Clinical Director Elizabeth Moss, Administrative Assistant Crownsville Telephone: South Shore 2751 The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints six members of the Board of Managers, two biennially, for a term of six years from the first day in May. The Governor, the Treasurer and the Comptroller serve ex-officio. This hospital is for the care of the colored mentally ill of the State. For admission of city patients, applications are made through the Baltimore City Department of Public Welfare. For admission of county patients, applications are made through the County Commissioners of the county in which the patient is a resident, and on the certificates of two registered physicians who have practiced at least five years. The hospital is equipped to care for 1,450 patients. Its staff includes 10 physicians, 1 registered nurse, 1 social worker, 3 supervisors, 3 practical nurses, 11 charge attendants and 90 hospital attendants. In July 1937, the Winterode Building became the Division for Mental Defectives. It is a special school for colored children. 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,065,344 $1,159,638 Staff: 212. o EASTERN SHORE STATE HOSPITAL Members of the Board of Managers: Chairman: Ralph H. Grier, 1953 Ex-officio members: William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer; James J. Lacy, Comptroller. Mace Brohawn, 1953; Norman C. Mason, 1949; Jesse D. Maxwell, 1951; Oliver S. Mullikin, 1949; Clarence Robertson, 1951; A. Fletcher Sisk, 1951; E. W. Sterling, 1949; James F. McGraw, 1953. Robert B. May, M.D., Superintendent Cambridge Telephone: Cambridge 445 The Governor, the Comptroller, and the Treasurer are ex-officio members of the Board of Managers of the Eastern Shore State Hos- pital. The Governor appoints nine other members, one from each of the counties of the Eastern Shore. Members are appointed for terms of six years, one third being replaced every two years (Code 1939, Art. 59, sec. 69). The hospital is for the care of the mentally ill of the State. For admission, applications are made through the County Commissioners of the county in which the patient is a resident, and on the certificates of two registered physicians who have practiced at MARYLAND MANUAL 79 least five years. The hospital is equipped to care for 500 patients. It now has about 480 patients. 1948 1949 Appropriations $362,384 $388,937 Staff: 100. o

SPRING GROVE STATE HOSPITAL Board of Managers: President: William G. Knapp, 1953 John T. Tucker, Vice-President, 1953; G. Herbert Rice, Secretary-Treasurer, 1949; Willie Green Day Perry, 1951; Anton Hagel, 1949; Lester P. Goodhand, 1951; Lawrence K. Blucher, 1951; J. Sterling Geatty, M.D., 1949; Robert Spittel, 1953. Silas W. Weltmer, M.D., Superintendent Isadore Tuerk, M.D., Clinical Director Catonsville 28 Telephone: Catonsville 400 Spring Grove State Hospital is governed by a Board of Managers composed of nine members appointed by the Governor for a term of six years; the terms of three members expiring every two years (Code 1939, Art. 44, sec. 1). The Hospital was established in 1797. It provides for the hospitalization of mentally ill white persons. The average number of patients is 2,630. The hospital is also conducting a School of Practical Nursing. Publications: History of Spring Grove State Hospital, 1797- 1947, published 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,411,223 $1,531,825 Staff: 480. o SPRINGFIELD STATE HOSPITAL Board of Managers: Ex-officio Members: William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; James J. Lacy, Comptroller; Hooper S. Miles, Treasurer. James Clark, 1951; Thomas J. Tingley, 1953; Charles Car- roll, Jr., 1953; S. Luther Bare, 1949; James W. Toohey, 1949; H. Hamilton Hackney, 1951. Robert E. Gardner, M.D., Superintendent Sykesville Telephone: Sykesville 194 The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints six members of the Board of Managers, for terms of six years. The Governor, the Comptroller, and the Treasurer serve ex-officio (Code 1939, Art. 44, sec. 12). The purpose of the hospital is the care of the mentally ill of the State. There are about 2,970 patients hospitalized and about 620 on parole. For admission of county patients, applications are made through the County Commissioners of the county in which the patient is a resident, and on the certificates of two registered physicians who have practiced at least five years. Patients are received upon order of the Department of Public Welfare of Baltimore City. 80 MARYLAND MANUAL

The institution grounds cover 1,400 acres. The hospital has its own farm, dairy and piggery. It does its own printing, and makes all the uniforms for the hospital attendants. 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,746,289 $1,860,471 Staff: 680. o ROSEWOOD STATE TRAINING SCHOOL Members of the Board of Visitors: President: Frank E. Shipley, M.D. John K. Harper, Vice President; Norman Stump, Treas- urer; Philip J. Jensen, Secretary; Hammond Clary; Mrs. Henry E. Corner; Esther L. Richards, M.D.; Michael P. Smith; Milton P. Hill, M.D.; Thomas P. Keating, Jr. George A. Johns, M.D., Superintendent Owings Mills Telephone: Pikesville 1600 The school operates under the management of the Board of Visitors, but no vacancies in the Board are to be filled until the membership is reduced to seven. Thereafter, the Board will consist of seven members to be appointed biennially by the Governor, for staggered terms of six years, so arranged that the terms of at least, two members shall expire on June 1st of every second year (Code 1947, Supp. Art. 59, sec. 5). All commitments to Rosewood State Training School shall be through and with the consent of the Board of Mental Hygiene (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 59, sec. 52). The purpose of this institution, incorporated in 1888, is the education, training and treating of feebleminded children. There are modern hospital facilities and a nine-room grade school where children receive both academic and industrial training. For 1250 patients, there are 204 employees, including a professional staff of twenty. The institution is located on a tract of 587 acres, of which 200 acres are used for farming and allied activities. 1948 1949 Appropriations $933,441 $1,021,097 Staff: 204. o BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES Chairman: John E. Clark, Chairman Commission of Tide- water Fisheries Ex-officio Members: Ernest A. Vaughn, Director Department of Game and In- land Fish Joseph T. Singewald, Jr., Director Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources Joseph F. Kaylor, Director Department of State Forests and Parks R. V. Truitt, Director Department of Research and Educa- tion MARYLAND MANUAL 81

Appointed by Governor: G. Ellsworth Leary, 1948; George S. Miles, 1949; M. E. Towner, 1950; Norman E. Carr, 1951; Nelson R. Coul- bourn, 1952; Isaiah Howman, 1953. William H. BaylifF, Executive Secretary State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 3405 While Maryland has long been interested in the conservation of her natural resources, having created a Fisheries Commission so long ago as 1876, there had been little attempt to coordinate the various conservation problems until 1941. The creation of the Board of Natural Resources in that year brought together nine independent agencies into five associated departments. These departments are: the Depart- ment of Tidewater Fisheries, the Department of Game and Inland Fish, the Department of State Forests and Parks, the Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources, and the Department of Re- search and Education (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 19A, secs. 1-4). The original Act provided that the Board of Natural Resources be composed of the Chairman of the Commission of Tidewater Fisheries, who is also by law designated as Chairman of the Board, the administrative heads of the other four departments, as well as six members appointed by the Governor as follows: two from the Eastern Shore, two from the Western Shore, and two from the State-at-large. A subsequent Act authorized the Governor to appoint two additional members from the State-at-large (Ch. 498, Acts 1947). The terms of the appointive members are for a period of five years and are staggered. The Board thus contains a nucleus of permanent professional members and a group of laymen chosen for their interest in conservation problems. The Board is directed to integrate and to correlate the activities of the five departments and to report annually on their activities and accomplishments. The Board also has final approval powers over all regulations promulgated by the Commission of Tide- water Fisheries in regard to the crab fisheries (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 39, sec. HOB). Publications: Annual Reports of the Board of Natural Re- sources, 1946. Six Year Conservation Program, Annapolis, 1946. 1948 1949 Appropriations $8,412 $8,489 Staff: 2. ——o DEPARTMENT OF TIDEWATER FISHERIES The Commission: Chairman: John E. Clark, 1953 Allan A. Sellers, 1951; George T. Harrison, 1949. David H. Wallace, Director John C. Widener, Engineer J. R. E. Turpin, Seafood Auditor Ralph C. Hammer, Shellfish Culturist William W. Watson, Personnel and Public Relations A. S. Creighton, Commander Patrol Fleet State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2351 The appointment of an Oyster Commission in 1884 and its subsequent report was the beginning of the State’s concern with tidewater 82 MARYLAND MANUAL fisheries. In 1907, a more permanent agency was created to deal with this problem; it was known as the Shellfish Commission. The duties of this commission were assumed by the Conservation Commission in an< 1022. However,^ successor, the scope the of Conservationthese two agencies Department, included founded not only in tidewater fish, but also game and inland fish. The Commission of Tidewater Fisheries and its affiliated Department were created in mi as part, of the Board of Natural Resources. The Chairman of the Commission and the two associate members are appointed by the Governor for a term of six years with overlapping tenure of office. The Commission formulates the basic policy which is administered by the Department of Tidewater Fisheries. The Commission also has power to make regulations governing the Crab Fisheries and to enter into compact with the State of Virginia in this regard, subject to review and approval by the Board of Natural Resources. The Be- partment is administering a three-part program for the conservation of the fisheries. The first is concerned with “farming” for the purpose of conserving and increasing the oyster. The second is a fish management program which limits the number of commercial licenses issued each year for the taking of fin-fish. The third is a program of interstate cooperation which is concerned primarily with the crabbing industry. In addition, each of these crabbing, fin-fishing, and oyster- mg are subject to certain regulatory restrictions. To enforce these regulations, the Department maintains a fleet of thirty-four patrol boats and one patrol plane (Code 1947, Art. 19A, secs. 6-10). Publications: The Report of the Department is published with the Report of the Board of Natural Resources. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $519,453 $516,647 Special Funds 4,450 4,450 Fees and License 38,453 38,453 Total $562,356 $559,550 Staff: 127. o DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND INLAND FISH The Commission: Chairman: Garner Wood Denmead, 1953 J. H. Gambrill, Jr., Vice-Chairman, 1950; A. Gordon Fleet, 1949; Fulcher P. Smith, 1951; Jonathan D. Longfellow, 1962. Ernest A. Vaughn, Director Harold Smith Kolmer, Secretary George B. Shields, Chief Game Warden Frank L. Bentz, Director Public Relations Edwin M. Barry, Chief Game and Inland Fish Management Albert M. Powell, Superintendent Fish Hatcheries 510 Munsey Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 3054 Region I: Allegany, Garrett and Washington Counties Joseph A. Minke, Regional Game Warden Dale Howard Amer, Wildlife Field Superintendent Region II: Frederick, Carroll, Howard, and Montgomery Counties Benjamin F. Phebus, Regional Game Warden Malcolm E. King, Wildlife Field Superintendent MARYLAND MANUAL 83

Region III: Calvert, Charles, Prince George’s and St. Mary’s Counties Arthur D. Jones, Regional Game Warden Phillip D. Lines, Wildlife Field Superintendent Region IV: Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Cecil and Harford Counties E. C. Kerns, Regional Game Warden George D. P. Patterson, Wildlife Field Superintendent Region V: Caroline, Kent, Queen Anne’s and Talbot Counties James W. Ivens, Jr., Regional Game Warden Howard Robert Zeller, Wildlife Field Superintendent Region VI: Dorchester, Somerset, Wicomico and Worcester Counties Battie Mixon, Regional Game Warden John Warren, Wildlife Field Superintendent The Department of Game and Inland Fish is associated with the Board of Natural Resources. The present Department, established in 1943, supersedes the Game and Inland Fish Commission and the Game and Inland Fish functions of the Conservation Department. The Department of Game and Inland Fish is under the direction of a commission of five members appointed by the Governor from the several geographical regions of the State. The term of each member is five years, one term expiring each year. The Commission elects a chairman and a Vice-Chairman from its membership, and appoints the Director of the Department. The Commission has the power to promulgate such rules and regulations as it deems necessary for the conservation of the resources in its charge. Such rules may restrict, extend or enlarge the terms of the game and fresh water fish laws. The Department enforces the game and fresh water fish laws and such additional regulations as it enacts. It also receives the proceeds from the sale of angling and hunting licenses, these funds being used to finance the activities of the department (Code 1947, Art. 89, sec. 3). As of June 30, 1947, the Department owned game farms and refuges totaling 10,629 % acres. It has under lease another 12,774. The Department also operates State-owned game farms as follows: Gwynnbrook State Game Farm in Baltimore County, Wicomico State Game Farm in Wicomico County, Montgomery County Game Farm, and Washington County Game Farm. At these plants large numbers of bobwhites, chukar partridges, wild ducks and wild turkeys are raised. During the period from 1940 to 1946, the Department purchased and developed the following wildlife demonstration areas: Indian Springs, 1,265 acres; Idylwild, 521 acres; Millington, 561 acres; Girdletree, 550 acres; Wellington, 380 acres; and the LeCompte, 479 acres. All of these refuges were acquired under the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act. In April 1946 a State-wide cooperative farm-game project in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service and other agencies was approved by the Fish and Wildlife Service and is now being carried on in all twenty-three counties of Maryland. Another land use practice in Maryland which has resulted in direct benefit to many species of wildlife is the development and maintenance of over 100,000 acres of State forest lands in cooperation with the Department of Forests and Parks. In several sections of Maryland special emphasis has been placed on refuges giving protection to critically reduced species, particularly wild turkeys, wild waterfowl and the Bryant fox squirrel. 84 MARYLAND MANUAL The Commission now owns and operates a fresh water fish hatchery at Lewistown, Frederick County, where trout and black bass are propagated in captivity. It also owns and operates trout rearing stations at Bear Creek in Garrett County and Beaver Creek in Wash- ington County. Publications: Since 1944 the Reports of the Department of Game and Inland Fish have been published with the Report of the Board of Natural Resources. Appropriations: 1948 1949 Hunting and Angling Fees.. ...$426,071.00 $414,919.00 Federal Grants .. 37,021.00 37,021.00 Total ...$463,092.00 $451,940.00 Anticipated Receipts: 1948 1949 Game Fund ..$320,662.00 $320,717.00 Anglers Fund ..$106,409.00 $ 94,202.00 Balance on Hand: Game Fund ..$633,333.60 Anglers Fund ..$204,230.64 Staff: 86.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE FORESTS AND PARKS The Commission: Chairman: John M. Nelson, Jr., 1949 Bernard I. Gonder, 1953; J. Miles Lankford, Maryland Farm Bureau, 1960; J. Wilson Lord, Maryland State Grange. 1951; Sydney D. Peverley, 1952. Joseph F. Kaylor, Director H. C. Buckingham, State Forester Karl E. Pfeiffer, Assistant Director, Timber Management Edward B. Ballard, Assistant Director, Recreation Adna R. Bond, Assistant Forester Findley Burns, Public Relations David O. Prince, Roadside Trees State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2329 DISTRICT OFFICES District 1—Cumberland (Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, Washington Counties) William A. Parr, District Forester Jack E. Paulhamos, Assistant District Forester Joseph Frescolm, Assistant District Forester Carl G. Heczko, Assistant District Forester Elmer H. Upole, Supervisor M. E. Martin, Supt. Savage River Forest Cecil Ramsey, Supt. Potomac Forest Harry Hartman, Supt. Swallow Falls Forest Robert L. Palmer, Supt. Washington Monument. Park Edward C. Whyte, Supt. Fort Frederick Park MARYLAND MANUAL 85

District 2—Laurel (Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, Howard, Montgomery, Prince George’s, St. Mary’s Counties) A. J. Pickall, District Forester Raymond Luedtke, Asst. District Forester Carl Stravinsky, Asst. District. Forester Henry W. Schlosser, Supervisor E. W. Brickerd, Supervisor Percy Miller, Supt. Cedarville Forest M. E. Martin, Jr., Supt. Patapsco Forest District 3—Salisbury (Caroline, Dorchester, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, Worcester Counties) John J. Mohr, District Forester John Davis, Asst. District Forester William Kier, Asst. District Forester Robert G. Dennis, Supervisor William E. Seeders, Supervisor Lawrence Parsons, Acting Supt. Pocomoke Forest District 4—Bel Air (Baltimore, Cecil, Harford, Kent, Queen Anne’s Counties) William H. Johnson, District Forester Henry Stasiek, Asst. District Forester Paul H. Seward, Supervisor Charles W. Bayles, Supervisor Roy I. Armour, Supt. Elk Neck Park The Commission of State Forests and Parks consists of five members appointed by the Governor, one recommended by the Maryland Farm Bureau, one by the Maryland State Grange; a third member shall have had practical experience in the lumbering business, while the remaining two shall have an interest in the advancement of for- estery. The members serve for a term of five years with overlapping tenure of office. They select their chairman and appoint the State Forester who serves as director of the Department of State Forests and Parks (Code 1943 Supp. Art. 39A, secs. 1-2). A forestry department was first organized in 1906 under the Board of Regents of the University of Maryland. The present Department, associated with the Board of Natural Resources was organized m 1941 and is the successor of the first department (Code 1943 Supp. Art.'39A, secs. 1-2). The Department of State Forests and Parks administers the tree marketing program under which woodland owners who plan to dispose of their timber may secure a free marking service to yield maximum return in saw timber and other forest products, with due provision made for a sustained yield of successive timber crops. The Department also administers the Forest Con- servancy Districts Act designed to ensure the practice of forestry on privately owned woodlands throughout the State (Code 1943 Supp. Art. 39A, secs. 52-64). The district foresters of the Department serve as executive officers and secretaries of local forestry boards set up under the Act. Another responsibility of the department is the protection from fire of 2,700,000 acres of public and private woodland. To carry out this assignment, the department maintains a specially trained fire control force, which is supplemented by 600- 700 forest wardens commissioned by the Governor. The protection of approximately 3,000,000 trees along the state highways is also a re- 86 MARYLAND MANUAL

sponsibility of the Department. A force of wardens is employed to supervise tree trimming operations by the public utility companies along their pole-line rights of way. The Department administers nine State Forests with a total area of 119,185 acres. These forests serve as demonstration areas in forestry management. Recreational areas have been developed in several of them, notably, Herrington Manor on the Swallow Falls and New Germany on the Savage River. Parallel to this is the administration of seven State Parks of scenic or historic interest totaling 4,830 acres. The State Forests and Parks and their areas are as follows: Swallow Falls State Forests, Garrett, 7,132 Savage River State Forest, Garrett, 51,516 Potomac State Forest, Garrett, 12,107 Washington Mt. State Park, Washington, 45 Green Ridge State Forest, Allegany, 25,430 Ft. Tonolway State Park, Washington, 20 Ft. Frederick State Park, Washington, 279 Gambrill State Forest Park, Frederick, 1,088 Elk Neck State Park, Cecil, 994 Patapsco State Forest Park, Howard, 1,088 Cedarville State Forest Park, Prince George’s and Charles, 3,509 Doncaster State Forest, Charles, 1,464 Pocomoke State Forest, Worcester, 12,377 Seth Demonstration State Forest, Talbot, 124 Wye Oak State Park, Talbot, 1.5 Elk Neck State Forest, Talbot, 3,762 Publications: Since 1941 the reports have been published with the reports of the Board of Natural Resources. The Old Line Acorn, monthly publication. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $290,640 $295,550 Special Funds Forest Reserve 41,106 42,262 Roadside Tree Fund 80,855 81,920 Federal State Co-op-land 12,770 8,006 Federal Grants 110,000 (1) 107,000 (2) Totals —$535,371 $427,738 (1) Federal funds are granted under the Clark- McNary Act and may be used for fire protection only. (2) Tentative allotment. Staff: 101. o DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, MINES AND WATER RESOURCES The Commission: Chairman: Arthur B. Stewart, 1952 Mervin A. Pentz, 1953; Joseph C. Lore, Jr., 1949; Harry R. Hall, 1950; Holmes D. Baker, 1951. Joseph T. Singewald, Jr., Director The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 18 Telephone: University 0771 The Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources was established in 1941, superseding the State Geological and Economic Survey MARYLAND MANUAL 87

Advisory Commission, the Bureau of Mines, the Water Front Commis- sion, and the Water Resources Commission. The Department is under the direction of a Commission of five members appointed by the Gov- ernor for terms of five years. The term of one member expires each year. The Commission selects its own Chairman and appoints the Director of the Department. Those functions of the Department dealing with geology and water resources are under the immediate supervision of the Director; the supervision of the mining industry is charged to the Bureau of Mines. The Department has supervision of topographic, geologic, hydrographic, and magnetic surveys. It prepares topographic, geologic and such other maps as may be necessary to meet a specific need. Reports on the extent and character of the State’s mineral and water resources are prepared by the department. In cooperation with the United States Government, surveys of the water resources of the State are made The agency investigates and recommends plans and policies for the protection of the State’s waterfront and waterways against erosion. The Department has the further power to control and to conserve, in so far as is practicable, the surface and underground waters of Maryland; and to that end has jurisdiction over the construction and repairs of reservoirs, dams, and other water-way obstruc- tions. In this regard, the Department works in cooperation with the Bureau of Sanitary Engineering of the State Department of Health. In order to carry out this function, the Department licenses all water well drillers in the State and issues a permit for each well to be drilled. The Commission also has the power to promulgate and enforce such rules as may be necessary to conserve the State’s water resources (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 19A, secs. 12-12C and Art. 96B). Publications: Topography Map of Prince George’s County, 1946. Note: The Annual Reports of the Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources excepting the Reports of the Bureau of Mines, since 1941 have been published with the Report of the Board of Natural Resources. Appropriations: 1948 1949 (Geologic and Water Resources only) General Funds $78,326 $78,596 Staff (Geologic and Water Resources only): ■» BUREAU OF MINES John J. Rutledge, Chief Mine Engineer A. E. Mulleneaux, Fuel Combustion Advisor State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2261 The first Mine Inspectors were appointed by the Governor in 1878 serving in Allegany and Garrett Counties. These inspectors func- tioned independently, reporting only to the Governor, until 1916 when they were placed within the Department of Labor and Statistics. The inspection powers became a function of the Bureau of Mines upon its organization in 1922 as a unit of the Department of Labor and Sta- tistics. Upon the organization of the Board of Natural Resources m 1941 the Bureau was transferred to the newly-created Department, of Geology, Mines and Water Resources (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 89, sec. 17). The Bureau of Mines is responsible for the inspection of all ♦Employees working on Water Resources Survey are under jurisdiction of the federal government. 88 MARYLAND MANUAL mines within the State in order to maintain proper sanitation, ventilation, and safety standards in all mining- operations. The Bureau has further jurisdiction over the weighing of all coal mined in the state, the testing and inspecting of the scales and weights of all coal dealers within the State (except in Baltimore City) comes within the jurisdiction of the Bureau (Code 1939, Art. 89, sec 62) All persons or corporations engaging in open-pit or strip mining operations are required to register with the Bureau previous to the beginning of their operations and to report periodically during such operations. Upon the completion of such mining operations, the cuts must, be so covered as to make possible the reclamation of the land the Bureau of Mines examines all applicants for certificates of competency as mine foremen, assistant mine foremen, and fire bosses In cooperation with the University of Maryland, the Bureau conducts courses m mining operations at Frostburg (Code 1947 Supp. Art. j SGCS. JL oL/-_L yzj ). Publications: Monthly Notes, published monthly. . . ,. 1948 ' 1949 Appropriations $80,156 $30,462 Employees: 7.

DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION The Commission: Chairman: B. H. Willier, 1949 T.t' Hawkins,w.'. Vcmo1948; franklinCarroll B. D Nash,Day, 1951.Secretary, 1952; Earle R. V. Truitt, Director George B. Gray, Administrative Assistant Solomons Telephone: Solomons 2771 , Department of Research and Education was created in 1941 to function as a fact gathering and fact disseminating agency in the promotion of conservation work in Maryland, and to carry on the work of the State Weather Service. Supervision of the Department is vested m a Commission of Research and Education, consisting of five members appointed by the Governor from among the citizens of the State, each of whom must have either special training in or exne- rience with natural resources. The members are appointed for terms of five years with overlapping tenure of office. The members of the Commission select their Chairman and appoint the Director of the fsT S?p? A*A 1>'

a th Chesapeakeru BmbgicalS- , - e^cational Laboratory program With theis atcreation Solomons of theIsland, Depart- the e 1 1 S Panded C0Ver the several fi re rvat on fn thethr^ State.+r TheTr research program is concernedelds primarily of con- with the app led aspects of conservation. Biological and economic problems, including hydrography and pollution, dealing with the more prominent fisheries have been emphasized. A periodical research reports and educational pamphlets are issued Emnhasis in this work is on the school and college level. Lectures and demonstra” tions are provided for adults through clubs and other agencies. Courses are held at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory for

MARYLAND STATE FAIR BOARD Mitchell Digges 1951; Granville H. Hibberd, 1951; Edward J-HoltoD 1951; Lloyd Balderston III, 1949; Guy Harmon, ^949, Louis McL. Merryman, 1949; Harry Rieck 1950 • P C Turner, 1950; Roy C. Weagly, 1950. ’ ’ C- Bel An' Telephone: Bel Air 480 The Maryland State Fair Board is composed of nine members appointed by the Governor for a term of three years. HoweveTS the members of the present Board, three were appointed foi one year thrfuncti<^nfyfhASpan

19«fs«ro™ °' 'J'WIW Appropriations: None Special Funds: 1948 1949 (share of racing funds). ..$247,250* $247,250* Staff: 1 ^Estimated MARYLAND MANUAL 91

INSPECTOR OF TOBACCO STATE TOBACCO WAREHOUSE J. Edward Proutt, Chief Inspector P. Augustine Wheatley, Administrative Assistant S. Charles at Conway Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Calvert 5785 The Inspector of Tobacco, an office established in 1888, is appointed by the Governor. He must be a resident of one of the tobacco growing counties and a tobacco grower or a duly qualified tobacco dealer. The Inspector of Tobacco is responsible for the proper and adequate inspection and grading of tobacco grown, sold or stored within the State of Maryland. He is also responsible for the supervision of the State Tobacco Warehouse and all property connected therewith in the City of Baltimore (Code 1939, 1947 Supp. Art. 48, secs. 9-49). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Receipts from Storage and Inspec- tion of Tobacco $60,426 $61,154 Staff: 20 • o

COMMISSIONER OF TOBACCO MARKETING Herman W. Hewitt, Sr., 1947 Valley Lee Telephone: Great Mills 36-F-12 The office of Commissioner of Tobacco Marketing was created by the General Assembly (Code 1939, Art. 48, sec. 51). The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. He grants licenses to all persons or corporations engaged in buying and selling leaf tobacco; he has the power to revoke licenses with the right of appeal in the Circuit Court. The Commissioner makes rules and regulations as to the manner in which persons and corporations engaged in buying and selling leaf tobacco shall keep their books and records, which shall be open to inspection by the said Commissioner. Appropriations: None ^ 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $3,000 $3,000 Staff: None o

MARYLAND TOBACCO AUTHORITY Chairman: W. B. Posey, 1951 Ninion Barber, 1949; W. W. Dyson, 1949; Stanforth Shep- perd, 1950; J. P. Ryon, 1950; Walter D. Addison, 1951; Edward A. Miller, 1951; W. B. Posey, 1951. John B. Morsell, Secretary-Treasurer The Maryland Tobacco Authority was created by the General As- sembly of Maryland in 1947, and began to function July 1, 1948. The Authority is composed of seven members appointed by the Governor. Of the members first appointed, two shall serve for one year, two for 92 MARYLAND MANUAL two years, and three for three years, and upon the expiration of their terms, their successors shall serve for three years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 48, secs. 59F, 59G; Acts 1948 (sp. sess), Ch. 22). The Board elects its own Chairman. The Authority may make investigation and studies of any phase of tobacco marketing or production in the State, provide information relative to the tobacco price structure; and make recommendations for legislation to provide more effective handling of tobacco, to fix the marketing periods, and to assure the accuracy of weights and measures used by tobacco commission selling agencies. The Authority is further empowered to license commission agencies and purchasers The agency shall also collect a fee from the owner of tobacco sold at a commission agency. The funds as collected shall be used by the agency. Appropriations: None. Staff: 2.

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MARYLAND STATE APPLE COMMISSION Chairman: John P. Caspar, 1949 Joseph C. Harrison, 1952; Marshall T. Heaps, 1949; E Dwight McCain, 1950; Eugene W. Scott, 1950; W. Lee Allen, 1951; D. Eldred Rinehart, 1951. Harold K. Smith, Secretary Hancock Telephone: Hancock 18 The Maryland State Apple Commission was created within the State Board of Agriculture by the General Assembly of 1947. The Commission of seven members is appointed by the Governor from a list of fruit growers approved by the Executive Committee of the Maryland State Horticulture Society. The terms of the members is for four years, however, of the first group, one was appointed for one year, two for two years, two for three years, and two for four years. All successive appointments shall be for full four-year terms. The purpose of the Commission is to raise funds for conducting pub- licity and advertising, sales promotion, education, and research to increase demands for, and consumption of, Maryland apples. All apples of U. S. Number 1 Canner Grade or better, grown in Maryland and sold in commercial trade are subject to a tax of one cent a bushel; however, the first five hundred bushels sold by any producer are tax-exempt. Commercial growers must report all apples sold during the crop season by December 31 each year, apples sold after the season shall be reported by the close of the following May. The funds received by the Commission for these purposes are deposited with the State Treasurer in a Merchandising Fund and none of this money may be used for any other purpose (Code 1947 Supp Art 97 secs. 66-78). ' ’ Publications: The Maryland Apple Merchandizing Law, 1947. Appropriations: None. Special Fees: No record available at present date. Staff: 1. MARYLAND MANUAL 93

DEPARTMENT QF CORRECTION Board of Correction Reuben Oppenheimer, Chairman and Director, 1951 Edwin F. A. Morgan, 1949; James H. Grove, 1949; James C. Anderson, 1952; Gertrude E. Horigan, 1952; Howard E. Crook, 1953; R. Emmet Bradley, 1953. Harold E. Donnell, Superintendent of Prisons Alice J. Ford, Secretary-Treasurer 1503 Standard Oil Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 3789 The Department of Correction was organized in 1939 superseding the Board of Welfare and the Board of Prison Control in the supervision and administration of the penal institutions of the State. The Department is administered by a Board of Correction appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Chair- man of the Board, who is also the Director of the Department, is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years, while associate members of the Board are appointed for six terms. The Board has power to make such rules and regulations as are necessary for the government of the institutions under its control (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 27, sec. 743). The Department supervises and operates the State Use Industries, which provide employment to the prisoners in the various penal institutions. The goods manufactured in the State Use Industries Shops are for sale to the various agencies of the State of Maryland, the Federal Government, the District of Columbia, and the States and Territories of the United States as well as to the political subdivisions thereof. Manufactured products are also available to religious and charitable institutions providing the goods are used for their own use and are not for resale. In addition to the State Use Industries, employment of prisoners is also provided in the Public Works program of the State. The earnings of the prisoners is credited to their account and is payable to them upon release. The Division of Welfare and Employment of the Department of Correction acts as a classification agency of each new admission to each of the correctional institutions. The Division secures information and data concerning the prisoner to classify him properly as to his abilities and to aid in his rehabilitation. The use of the indeterminate sentence, in two of the State’s correctional institutions—the Reformatory for Males and the Reformatory for Women—has made the work of the Welfare Division increasingly important. All data collected by the Division concerning an individual prisoner both at the time of his admission and during the time of his confinement is reviewed by the Board of Correction previous to recommending him for parole or probation. The Department of Correction is further responsible for making an annual inspection of the county jails of Maryland, making recommendations for their improvement. Publications: Annual Report, 1946. Annual Report of Inspection of the County Jails of Mary- land, 1947. 1948 1949 Appropriations $28,959 $29,836 Staff: 9. 94 MARYLAND MANUAL

MARYLAND PENITENTIARY Edwin T. Swenson, Warden 954 Forrest Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Vernon 2135 The concept of a central penitentiary for an entire State was a creation of eighteenth century humanitarianism in America. It was original m form in that for the first time a penal institution was designed to serve more than a single county, town or parish, and it was original m purpose in that it proposed to treat its inmates not as society to be With this concept m mind Punished,the General but Assembly as penitents of Maryland, to be reformed in 1804 appointed a Commission to construct such an institution; however’ because of financial difficulties the penitentiary was not completed and opened until _ 1811; the second institution of its type in the United states. The institution has operated continuously since the date of its opening. During its first 100 years, the institution was governed by a Board of Inspectors or a Board of Managers. With the establish- me f 16 B a d of PrlS0n m ?n-,S1917, Athe .institution° ?' was placed Control under (now its control.the Board of Correction) Today, the Penitentiary is a maximum security penal institution, and long-term offenders are confined here. All sentences of death are also executed at. the Penitentiary. Prisoners are employed at the State Use Industries shops which are designed to provide employment and practical vocational training- The following shops are now operating: printing, auto tag, shoe manufacturing, woodworking, brush manufacturing, sewing metal mattress and upholstering. K’ ’ The average population of the penitentiary is approximately 1,250. 1948 1949 Appropriations .$591,357 $593,947 Staff: 128.

MARYLAND HOUSE OF CORRECTION J. LeRoy Wright, Warden Jessups Telephone: Elkridge 157 The Maryland House of Correction was established in 1878 It is a medium security penal institution for male offenders who are convicted of crime and sentenced to imprisonment for three months or more. The institution operates a farm and maintains a herd of dairy cattle which supplies dairy products to this institution, the Penitentiary and the Reformatory for Women. Under the States Use Industries Organization, a soap factory, cannery, tobacco and clothing shop are operated. Other inmates are employed under the Public Works program. A school is also operated at the House of Correction. The institution is located on a farm of 1,268 acres The average pcipulation of the House of Correction is 1400 (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 27, secs. 746, 766, 789). 1948 1949 Appropriations $591,782 $596,891 Staff: 101. MARYLAND MANUAL 95

MARYLAND STATE REFORMATORY FOR MALES Henry Russell Raymond, Superintendent Breathedsville Telephone: Breathedsville 2800 The Maryland State Reformatory for Males was established in 1945 at the penal institution originally established as the State Penal Farm in 1931. The Reformatory is a minimum security institution. Male offenders from 16 to 25 are committed to the Reformatory by the Courts for an indeterminate sentence. While primarily for youth- ful offenders, the Board of Correction may transfer prisoners of any age from the House of Correction or the Penitentiary to the Re- formatory. The Board may also transfer incorrigible and unmanage- able inmates of the Reformatory to other institutions. The Reformatory conducts an educational program with regular classes in basic education as well as in vocational and industrial arts education. The institution has the part-time services of a psychologist to aid in the classification and examination of those committed. Located on an 875 acre farm, a dairy cattle herd is maintained which supplies dairy products to the Reformatory as well as to other state institutions. A cannery is also operated. The average population of the Reformatory is 750 (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 27, secs. 758-760A). 1948 1949 Appropriations $482,622 $482,680 Staff: 106.

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MARYLAND STATE REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN Helen De Corse McArthur, Superintendent Jessups Telephone: Elkridge 442 The Maryland State Reformatory for Women was established in 1941. All women convicted of either felonies or misdemeanors, who are sentenced to confinement by a Court or a Justice of the Peace to any institution other than a jail, are confined at the Reformatory. It is within the discretion of the Court as to whether the sentence imposed shall be of a definite or an indeterminate length. Of the 180 women now confined, approximately one half are serving indeterminate sentences. A sewing shop is operated as a unit of the State Use Industries. Approximately ten acres of garden have been developed by the women for the institutional table (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 27, sec. 761A-761c). 1948 1949 Appropriations $121,436 $123,720 Staff: 27. 96 MARYLAND MANUAL

DIVISION OP PAROLE AND PROBATION Chairman: F. Murray Benson, 1949 Hall Hammond, Attorney General Charles F. Snyder, Chief Probation Officer, Supreme Bench of Baltimore City Harold E. Donnell, Superintendent of Prisons. F. Murray Benson, Director John G. Eg-gen, Executive Secretary State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2304 The Division of Parole and Probation was created as the successor to the Parole Commissioner (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. 75). The Board of Parole and Probation is charged with responsibility for the administration of parole in Maryland. The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints the Director, who automatically becomes the Chairman of the Board of Parole and Probation. The Director, the Attorney General, the State Superintendent of Prisons, and the Chief Probation Officer of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City constitutes the Board. The last three members serve ex-officio and without pay. It is the Director who has the sole power to recommend persons to the Governor for release on parole, but the Division makes such investigations of applicants for executive clemency as the Governor directs. The Governor has the sole power to pardon. The Director serves also as Administrator of the Inter-State Compact for the reciprocal supervision of parolees and probationers. The Division makes available the services of its investigating officers to the Circuit Courts and the Criminal Court, of Baltimore City. In addition to the Annapolis office, there are offices located in Baltimore City, Chestertown, Hagerstown and Upper Marlboro. The Inter-State Compact places under the jurisdiction of the Ad- ministrator, during the parole or probationary period, any person convicted of an offense within the State of Maryland who may thereafter he placed on probation or released on parole to reside in another State. Similarly, the administrator decides whether parolees and probationers from another State may reside in Maryland The Division is currently carrying about 120 cases under the Inter-State Compact. . . ^ 1948 1949 Appropriations $109,190 $113,887 Staff: 31.

MILITARY DEPARTMENT Major General Milton A. Reckord, the Adjutant General and Commanding General Colonel E. Leslie Medford, Military Assignment, Personnel Officer and Chief Clerk. Court of Appeals Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4711 QUARTERMASTER GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT Major General Milton A. Reckord, Quartermaster General Brigadier General Harry C. Ruhl, Executive Officer and State Quartermaster 5th Regiment Armory, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 3388 The Charter of Maryland granted to Lord Baltimore the power to raise troops to put down insurrection or rebellion and to subdue the MARYLAND MANUAL 97 enemies of the province. The military has been since that time an integral part of the State’s functions. The present military establish- M ar Iand is 92 , y in conformity with the National Defense Act “/ 2 and subsequent amendments (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. b5). The Adjutant General is appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate and serves until his successor is appointed and qualified or until he is removed from office as a result of sentence imposed by court martial (Const. 1867, Art. 85, sec. 2). The Adju- tant General, as the ranking line officer, is head of the Military Department and exercises all the powers and duties of that office in conformity with the regulations and customs of the United States Army. The Department is responsible for the preparation of all forms necessary for use by the State’s military service, and it prepares the reports and returns required by the United States A register of all commissioned officers and a record of all enlisted men of the Maryland National Guard is maintained. The Ranking Line Officer is the custodian of all State and federal property in use by the organized militia and apportions and provides for the proper application of funds for the military establishment. The department is also responsible for the care and maintenance of all armories located m Maryland and all other properties which may be occupied purchased or leased by the military service. The Ranking Line Officer has the power to make all reasonable and necessary regulations in regard to the use of such facilities, and all applications for the use of the armories should be made to him. In time of war or other national emergency when the National Guard is absent from the State, the Governor, as Commander in Chief, has the power to organize the Maryland State Guard Such forces are separate and distinct from the National Guard and are composed of officers, commissioned or assigned and all able-bodied male citizens of the State who volunteer for service. Such forces are uniformed as prescribed by the Governor. The Governor also has the power to reduce the number or to disband such forces whenever he deems it necessary. Allotment of Troops to the State of Maryland by the Department of the Army Hq. and Hq. Detachment Maryland National Guard Ground Troops:—29th Division Units: 29th Infantry Div. Hq. (in part) 29th Infantry Div. Special Troops Hq. 29th Infantry Division Hq. Company 729th Ordnance Maintenance Company 29th Quartermaster Company 115th Infantry 175th Infantry 29£h Div^km Artillery Hq. & Hq. Battery (in part) 110th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm. How.) 224th Field Artillery Battalion (105 mm. How ) 121st Engineer (C) Battalion 104th Medical Battalion 29th Infantry Division Band Ground Forces—other than 29th Division <02d AAA Gun Battalion, Sem Type A 253d Signal Radar Maintenance Unit. Type C 231st T.C. Truck Battalion, Hq. and Hq. Det. 147th T.C. Truck Company (Troop) 98 MARYLAND MANUAL

726th T.C. Truck Company (Troop) Quartermaster Salvage Repair Company Air Units (Allotted by Department of the Air) 104th Fighter Squadron, S.E. Utility Flight Det B, 213th Air Service Group (Fighter) 104th Weather Station (Type A) Armories State-owned Armories are located in the following cities and towns: Annapolis Frederick Baltimore—Fifth Regiment Armory Hagerstown Bel Air Hyattsville Cambridge Kensington Centreville Laurel Chestertown Pikesville Crisfield Pocomoke City Cumberland Salisbury Denton Silver Spring Easton Towson Elkton Westminster Publications: Guide to Organization of the Maryland National Guard, 1946. Appropriations: 1949 General Funds $298,570 $300,914 Armory Board 15,000 15,000 Federal Funds 2,000,000" 2,000,000* Total ..$2,313,570 $2,315,914 Staff: 82.

DEPARTMENT OF MARYLAND STATE POLICE Colonel Beverly Ober, Superintendent, 1951 Major Edward McK. Johnson, Executive Officer Captain Andrew Conner, Administrative Officer Captain R. M. Ridgely, Traffic and Training Division Lieutenant William H. Weber, Field Force Operations Lieutenant George E. Davidson, Bureau of Criminal Identifi- cation and Statistics Lieutenant Wilbur H. Conroy, Director of Training School Howard M. Hubert, M.D., Medical Director Pikesville Armory, Pikesville Telephone: Mohawk 3701 Pikesville 101 The Department of State Police was established in 1935. The De- nartment is under the direction of the Superintendent who is appointed bv the Governor for a term of four years. The Maryland State Police are responsible for the enforcement of the criminal and motor vehicle laws of the State. The Police have jurisdiction in all parts of the State except within the limits of any incorporated municipality which maintains a police force, save (1) when in pursuit of an * Federal Appropriations are approximate. MARYLAND MANUAL 99 offender or suspected offender; (2) in search of an offender or suspect, wanted for a crime committed in another jurisdiction; (3) when seeking to interview a witness to a crime; or (4) when requested by the chief executive officer or the chief police officer of the municipality, or when ordered by the Governor; or (5) when enforcing- the Motor vehicle laws of the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88, secs 3, 21, 24). To aid in the carrying on of its work, the Department operates a Jauieau of Criminal Identification and Statistics. The Bureau maintains fingerprint and photograph files and cooperates with the Federal ifureau of Investigation and the police forces of other jurisdictions m the exchange of information relating to the identification of offenders or suspects. The General Assembly in 1941 authorized the establishment of the Traffic Collision Statistical Bureau This Bureau receives reports of accidents from the various local police departments throughout the State, tabulating and analyzing such reports and preparing a monthly summary and analysis of all accidents which is published m cooperation with the Maryland Traffic Safety Com- mission. A Traffic Staff has been organized within the Department for the purpose of promoting traffic safety and traffic safety educational programs. The members of the staff speak before civic groups and organizations and plan to build a library of motion pictures and related visual aids to augment its work.

! C , J \ i Communication Bureau,servlc established in 1935, provides radio hioughout the State. It is a unit® withm a theteletype various network police barrackscovering StateS vides ladio communication and the District service of to Columbia. the patrol Theboats Bureau of the also Depart- pro? ment of Tidewater Fisheries. Through the Communication service the latest weather forecasts are transmitted to the local barracks foi dispatch to County Agricultural Agents; such reports are also transmitted to the District headquarters of the State Roads Cominiq Uri g 1947 the han 350,000 radio^- messages.’ The Departmentdled 236,000 provides teletype ambulance messages service and T?It maintainsa.rea ®ten as ambulancesweB as emergency throughout service the inState the casefor thisof accidents purpose’ ainmg fm- ,f .PulP °Schoolse of trainingis operated recruits by forthe theDepartment State Police at serviceFort Meade The Schoo! is also available for the training of local peace officers' The ,,0Lthe PePartment is carried on through its local barracks located throughout the State as follows: 1 oarracks Southern Maryland, Troop A Headquarters, Barrack A. Waldorf Barrack H. Waterloo Western Maryland, Troop B Headquarters, Barrack B. Frederick Barrack C. Cumberland Central Maryland, Troop C Headquarters, Barrack D. Benson Barrack F. Conowingo Barrack G. Randallstown 102 MARYLAND MANUAL provisions which may become a part of the contract. Through the maintenance division, the Commission provides the necessary resurfac- ing, drainage and snow removal of the highways included in the State’s system. The agency, through its Materials Division conducts and makes tests of all materials used in the construction and maintenance of the highways and bridges and in the maintenance of the Ferry System. A traffic survey division is also maintained by the Commission for the purpose of making traffic counts, traffic origin and destination surveys, and such other surveys as are necessary to determine the need of highway improvement through rerouting, widen- ing, straightening, or clearance of sight obstacles; as well as to determine the need for traffic signals, warning signs, and destination markers. The department also prepares state and individual County road maps. It has also made two extensive city traffic surveys one in Baltimore City and the other in Hagerstown. Five Year Highway Program The General Assembly of 1947 authorized a five year highway improvement and construction program beginning in 1948. This program contemplates the expenditure of approximately $40,000,000 each year during the five year period. The Legislature further authorized the issuance of Revenue Bonds for the purpose of constructing toll bridges, tunnels, and roads and to consolidate the income from any two or more projects to the support of the bond debt. The selection of the route as a toll road or the project as a toll bridge must be made in accordance with the specific provisions of the law (Code 1947, Art. 89B, secs. 122A-122U). o—>— ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Chairman: Chester F. Hockley J. Truman Thompson, T. Howard Duckett, J. McKenney Willis, Jr., J. Vincent Jamison, Jr., Herman L. Gruber. The Advisory Council on Highway Construction was appointed by the Governor in October 1947 to consult and advise with the members of the State Roads Commission in the planning of the construction of highways which are projected under the five-year program and to aid the Commission in such other matters under its supervision as it may deem necessary. Financing the State Roads System The State Roads Commission administers all financial transactions relative to the operation and construction of the highway network under its jurisdiction. The Construction of new roads is financed from a portion of the Commission’s 50 per cent of the gasoline tax, and the titling tax, together with regular Federal funds and special Federal appropriations made available for the construction of highways and bridges, and contributions from the Counties. The State Roads Commission also receives 50 per cent of the net registration fees collected. The participating share of the State Roads Commission of the gasoline taxes (50 per cent) and the titling excise tax (100 per cent) will become a consolidated fund, usable solely for the debt service on an authorized issue of one hundred million of Highway Construction Bonds, the proceeds from the latter to be used for the construction of certain types of projects under certain conditions, MARYLAND MANUAL 103 exdusuye of toll projects. The Commission’s share of the Motor Vehicle Fund (50 per cent) is dedicated to the maintenance of the btate System of highways and bridges, and together with other funds provides costs necessary for the conduct of the State Roads Commis- sion as a road organization. During the fiscal year 1947, the total re- P h C0 miSSi0n e e $14,^80,633.87.^!i 98A^Q ^ ^These exclude 7 I the$16,622,771.17; receipts and the disbursements total disbursements of the toll facilities. Toll Facilities The State Roads Commission operates three toll facilities consisting of two bridges and a ferry system.

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POTOMAC RIVER BRIDGE Elwood E. Schaefer, Superintendent Newburg The Potomac River Toll Bridge crosses the Potomac River from a pomt near Newburg, Charles County, Maryland, to a point in the State of Virginia near Dahlgren. The bridge is constructed of concrete and steel, and is approximately 11,446 feet, in length. It was opened to traffic December 10, 1940. The total cost of the Bridge to September 30, 1947 was $5,528,129.57. g 0 Income and Traffic: Income from Tolls: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947 $606,326.80 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 ... $244,385.45 Traffic Transactions: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947... 594,038 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 237,713 106 MARYLAND MANUAL MARYLAND TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION General Chairman: Isaac S. George, 1947 Caesar L. Aiello, 1947; Hamilton R. Atkinson, 1949; Mrs. Guy R. Clements, 1949; Washington I. Cleveland, 1951; Edwin A. Dempsey, 1951; W. Lee Elgin, 1951; Mrs. Harry L. Marcus, 1949; Holger Jensen, 1951; A. Burton Metzger, 1947; Col. Beverly Ober, 1947; John R. Sherwood, 1951; S. S. Steinberg, 1947; William B. Usilton, 3rd, 1947; Charles J. Wells, 1949; Major Ezra B. Whitman, 1951; Charles Bertram Hoffberger, 1949; Lloyd C. Culler, 1949. W. H. Bishop, Jr., Executive Secretary 415 Cathedral Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Vernon 7240 The Maryland Traffic Safety Commission was organized in 1941. The Commission of eighteen members is appointed by the Governor for six-year terms, one-third of these terms expiring every two years. The Commission seeks to promote traffic safety on the streets and highways of Maryland; and seeks to coordinate the activities of public and private agencies interested in, or affected by, the problems of traffic safety, assisting such agencies to augment their programs by study, education and information. The Commission has enlisted the aid of business associations, civic groups, and newspapers in the promotion of traffic safety. In cooperation with the Department of State Police, the Commission releases monthly reports of traffic accidents and fatalities in the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, secs. 175, Appropriations Included with State Road Commission Budget. Staff: 1

MARYLAND STATE PLANNING COMMISSION Chairman: Henry P. Irr, 1949 Ex-officio Members: Joseph R. Byrnes, President Legisla- tive Council; John B. Funk, Chief Engineer. Appointed Members: William L. Galvin, 1949; Robert H. Riley, M.D., 1949; Robert M. Reindollar, 1949; Thomas B. Symons, 1949. I. Alvin Pasarew, Director 104 Equitable Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 6411 The Maryland State Planning Commission, established in 1933, consists of the President of the Legislative Council and the Chief Engi- neer of Maryland as Ex-officio members and six members appointed by the Governor. The functions of this Commission are to prepare or coordinate plans for the physical development of the State including plans for complete systems of State or regional highways, expressways, parkways, parks, water supply and forest reservations and airways and air terminals; to advise with State departments and bureaus, local authorities and individuals, with a view to the coordination of all physical development plans related to State activities; to make surveys of rural land utilization to determine areas suitable for field crops, reforestation, watershed protection, recreation, summer residence and urban expansion, to prepare a long-term development program of major State improvements; and generally, to make available information on subjects affecting the health and welfare of the people of Maryland. The MARYLAND MANUAL 99 offender or suspected offender; (2) in search of an offender or suspect, wanted for a crime committed in another jurisdiction; (3) when seeking to interview a witness to a crime; or (4) when requested by the chief executive officer or the chief police officer of the municipality, or when ordered by the Governor; or (5) when enforcing the Motor vehicle laws of the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88, secs. 3, 21, 24). To aid in the carrying on of its work, the Department operates a Rureau of Criminal Identification and Statistics. The Bureau maintains fingerprint and photograph files and cooperates with the Federal isuieau of Investigation and the police forces of other jurisdictions m the exchange of information relating to the identification of offenders or suspects. The General Assembly in 1941 authorized the establishment of the Traffic Collision Statistical Bureau This Bureau receives reports of accidents from the various local police departments throughout the State, tabulating and analyzing such reports and preparing a monthly summary and analysis of all accidents which is published in cooperation with the Maryland Traffic Safety Com- mission. A Traffic Staff has been organized within the Department, for the purpose of promoting traffic safety and traffic safety educational programs. The members of the staff speak before civic groups and organizations and plan to build a library of motion pictures and related visual aids to augment its work.

h mmUnicati0 ureau andn J teletypefew? communication" ? service> established with the invarious 1935, policeprovides barracks radio 1 0l is a unit in a fni °r eet^ QfStateS and th ^ teletype network covering8 vides' r radioY communication. e District service of to Columbia. the patrol Theboats Bureau of the also Depart- pr0 - nt f Tldew ater fht lar , I Fisheries. Through the Communication service foifm® dispatch to Countyfo/ecasts Agricultural. a?'e transmitted Agents; suchto the reports local barracksare akn transmitted to the District headquarters of the State Roads Commis- nnn Urirrg 1947, the Bal,'eaa ,haildIcd 236,000 teletype messages and to rS ural areas messaas well^s -as The emergency Department service provides in the ambulancecase of accidents servke It maintains ten ambulances throughout the State for this purpose’ rv,Ar,alnlng Sc^0? , 1S. °Perated by the Department at Fort Meade 6 PUr P0S0 of tram SchoolqctwWi is• alsoi available.1 ™for§' recruitsthe training for the of Statelocal Policepeace officersservice The ilthe pepartment is carried on through Rs local barracks located throughout the State as follows: oanacks Southern Maryland, Troop A Headquarters, Barrack A. Waldorf Barrack H. Waterloo Western Maryland, Troop B Headquarters, Barrack B. Frederick Barrack C. Cumberland Central Maryland, Troop C Headquarters, Barrack D. Benson Barrack F. Conowingo Barrack G. Randallstown 100 MARYLAND MANUAL Eastern Shore, Troop D Headquarters, Barrack I. Easton Barrack E. Salisbury -.^o Publications: Report of Maryland State Police, 1989-1U7, 1948. 1948 1949 Appropriations $1,428,790 $1,407,214 Staff: 343.

DEPARTMENT OF POSTMORTEM EXAMINERS MARYLAND POSTMORTEM EXAMINERS COMMISSION Chairman: Robert H. Riley, M.D., Director State Depart- ment of Health Vice-Chairman: Hugh R. Spencer, M.D., University of Maryland School of Medicine , . . Secretary, Huntington Williams, M.D., Commissioner of Health of Baltimore City Arnold R. Rich, M.D., Johns Hopkins Hospital Colonel Beverly Ober, Superintendent Maryland State Police Medical and Technical Staff: Howard J. Maldeis, M.D., Chief Medical Examiner George G. Merrill, M.D., Assistant Medical Examiner Earl L. Royer, M.D., Assistant Medical Examiner John R. Davis, M.D., Medical Investigator W. G. Helfrich, M.D., Medical Investigator W. H. Kammer, Jr., M.D., Medical Investigator C. J. Lubinski, M.D., Medical Investigator Henry C. Freimuth, Ph.D., Toxicologist John P. Haney, Technician, Pathological Laboratory 700 Fleet Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2000 The executive direction of the Department of Postmoitem Exam iners is vested in a Commission composed of the Director of the State Department of Health, the Commissioner of Health of Baltimore City, the Superintendent of Maryland State Police, and the Professors of Pathology at the Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland. The Department, which was established in 1939, replaces the county coroner by Deputy Medical Examiners for each county who are appointed by the Commission. It is the duty of the Department, or the Deputy Medical Examiners assigned to it, to investigate violent and suspicious deaths or those unattended by a physician. A report of all deaths investigated must be filed with the Department. The records of the Department are open for inspection to the family of the deceased and are acceptable in Court as evidence of the facts contained (Code 1939, Art. 22, secs. 1-7). Appropriations: 1948 City of Baltimore $53,634* Staff: 16. Deputy Medical Examiners, Substitutes, and Pathologists: 95. * The expenses of the agency are paid by the City of Baltimore, excepting that the Deputy Medical Examiners of each county are paid bv the county for each death investigated. MARYLAND MANUAL 101 STATE FUEL COORDINATOR Walter N. Ruth, Coordinator Robert S. Castle, Executive Assistant 312 Tower Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 1830 The Office of State Fuel Coordinator was established in January, 1948 at the direction of the Governor for the purpose of insuring an adequate supply of fuel for residential users during the critical heating period by coordinating fuel deliveries of the various fuel oil companies and distributors. The Fuel Coordinator and four regional fuel coordinators were appointed by the Governor. An Industry Advisory committee composed of representatives of the oil industry and the Oil Heat Association was formed for the purpose of advising and counseling the State Fuel Coordinator. Regional Offices of the Coordinator were established at the following locations: Hagerstown: J. B. Misch, Regional Coordinator Rockville: J. Vaughn Smith, Regional Coordinator Prince Frederick: John D. Gray, Regional Coordinator Salisbury: Fred P. Adkins, Regional Coordinator Appropriations: 1948 1949 Emergency Funds $15,000 Staff: 3.

STATE ROADS COMMISSION Chairman: Robert. M. Reindollar Russell H. McCain, Joseph M. George Lamar H. Stewart, Secretary William F. Childs, Jr., Chief Engineer William A. Codd, Chief Auditor Robert E. Clapp, Special Assistant to the Attorney General 108 E. Lexington Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 4370 The State Roads Commission was established in 1908 succeeding to the highway survey functions of the Maryland Geological and Eco- nomic Survey. The Commission consists of three members, appointed by, and holding office at the pleasure of, the Governor. One of the members must be a resident of the Eastern Shore, one a resident of the Western Shore, and one a resident of Baltimore City, or a person who, at the time of his appointment and for a period of at least two years prior thereto, has continuously had his principal place of business, or employment or professional activity in Baltimore City. At least one member must be affiliated with one of the two leading political parties different from that to which the Governor belongs (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 89B, sec. 1). The State Roads Commission has jurisdiction over the construction maintenance and administration of the State highway system; and in addition maintains, constructs, or reconstructs the road systems of eleven of the twenty-three counties of the State. It is responsible tor the making of preliminary surveys and plans for the construction of any proposed highway, making final reviews of those plans and making necessary recommendation for the specification and special 102 MARYLAND MANUAL provisions which may become a pai*t of the contract. Through the maintenance division, the Commission provides the necessary resurfac- ing, drainage and snow removal of the highways included in the State’s system. The agency, through its Materials Division conducts and makes tests of all materials used in the construction and maintenance of the highways and bridges and in the maintenance of the Ferry System. A traffic survey division is also maintained by the Commission for the purpose of making traffic counts, traffic origin and destination surveys, and such other surveys as are necessary to determine the need of highway improvement through rerouting, widen- ing, straightening, or clearance of sight obstacles; as well as to determine the need for traffic signals, warning signs, and destination markers. The department also prepares state and individual County road maps. It has also made two extensive city traffic surveys one in Baltimore City and the other in Hagerstown. Five Year Highway Program The General Assembly of 1947 authorized a five year highway improvement and construction program beginning in 1948. This program contemplates the expenditure of approximately $40,000,000 each year during the five year period. The Legislature further authorized the issuance of Revenue Bonds for the purpose of constructing toll bridges, tunnels, and roads and to consolidate the income from any two or more projects to the support of the bond debt. The selection of the route as a toll road or the project as a toll bridge must be made in accordance with the specific provisions of the law (Code 1947, Art. 89B, secs. 122A-122U). o—■— ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Chairman: Chester F. Hockley J. Truman Thompson, T. Howard Duckett, J. McKenney Willis, Jr., J. Vincent Jamison, Jr., Herman L. Gruber. The Advisory Council on Highway Construction was appointed by the Governor in October 1947 to consult and advise with the members of the State Roads Commission in the planning of the construction of highways which are projected under the five-year program and to aid the Commission in such other matters under its supervision as it may deem necessary. Financing the State Roads System The State Roads Commission administers all financial transactions relative to the operation and construction of the highway network under its jurisdiction. The Construction of new roads is financed from a portion of the Commission’s 50 per cent of the gasoline tax, and the titling tax, together with regular Federal funds and special Federal appropriations made available for the construction of highways and bridges, and contributions from the Counties. The State Roads Commission also receives 50 per cent of the net registration fees collected. The participating share of the State Roads Commission of the gasoline taxes (50 per cent) and the titling excise tax (100 per cent) will become a consolidated fund, usable solely for the debt service on an authorized issue of one hundred million of Highway Construction Bonds, the proceeds from the latter to be used for the construction of certain types of projects under certain conditions, MARYLAND MANUAL 103 exclusive of toll projects. The Commission’s share of the Motor Vehicle Fund (50 per cent) is dedicated to the maintenance of the State System of highways and bridges, and together with other funds provides costs necessary for the conduct of the State Roads Commis- sion as a road organization. During the fiscal year 1947, the total receipts of the Commission were 116,622,771.17; the total disbursements $14,280,633.87. These exclude the receipts and disbursements of the toll facilities. Toll Facilities The State Roads Commission operates three toll facilities consisting of two bridges and a ferry system.

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SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BRIDGE Abram S. Wilson, Superintendent Havre de Grace The Susquehanna River Bridge crosses the Susquehanna River from a point near Perryville in Cecil County to a point near Havre de Grace in Harford County. The bridge is constructed of steel and concrete and is approximately 7,613 feet in length. It was opened in August 1940. The total cost of the bridge to September 30, 1947 was $4,617,600.35. Income and Traffic: Income from Tolls: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947 $713,650.62 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 $266,873.53 Traffic Transactions: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947 3,695,828 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 1,369,200

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POTOMAC RIVER BRIDGE Elwood E. Schaefer, Superintendent Newburg The Potomac River Toll Bridge crosses the Potomac River from a point near Newburg, Charles County, Maryland, to a point in the State of Virginia near Dahlgren. The bridge is constructed of concrete and steel, and is approximately 11,446 feet in length. It was opened to traffic December 10, 1940. The total cost of the Bridge to September 30, 1947 was $5,528,129.57. Income and Traffic: Income from Tolls: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947 $606,326.80 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 $244,385.45 Traffic Transactions: October 1, 1946 to September 30, 1947 594 038 October 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 237'713 104 MARYLAND MANUAL CHESAPEAKE BAY FERRY SYSTEM B. Frank Sherman, General Manager George W. Phillips, Assistant General Manager J. L. Daniel, Port Engineer State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2121 In 1941, the State Roads Commission purchased the Claiborne- Annapolis Ferry Company, which included everything used in connection with the operation of ferry service across Chesapeake Bay between Annapolis and Matapeake and across Eastern Bay between Romancoke and Claiborne. The name was changed to the Chesapeake Bay Ferry System, which is self-supporting, deriving its revenue from ferry tolls. In 1943, a new ferry terminal was constructed and opened for traffic at Sandy Point. Also, a new ferry slip was constructed at Claiborne. The double-end ferryboat, the Motorship “Governor Herbert R. O’Conor” was completed and placed in service on February 22, 1947. With the addition of this vessel, the existing fleet numbers four vessels—the Motorship “John M. Dennis,” the Motorship “Governor Harry W. Nice,” and the Motorship “Governor Emerson C. Har- rangton, II.” During the year 1946, the ferries transported 1,410,135 passengers and 1,560,248 passengers during the year 1947. Income and Traffic Transactions: Income from tolls: June 1, 1946 to May 31, 1947 $1,047,242.98 June 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 931,933.90 Disbursements: June 1, 1946 to May 31, 1947: Operation $ 758,186.22 Debt Service : 94,360.00 June 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948: Operations $ 689,671.28 Debt Service - - 6,707.50 Traffic Transactions (including passengers) : June 1, 1946 to May 31, 1947 1,465,877 June 1, 1947 to February 29, 1948 1,273,682 Publications: Chesapeake Bay Ferry System, Monthly Finan- cial Report. Report of Transportation Study, Baltimore Metropolitan Area, 1946 (4 vols.). Operating, and Financial Report, 1945-46. Appropriations: 1948 1949 Special Funds: Motor Vehicle Fund $21,910,830* $22,460,723* Federal Funds 4,791,532 4,200,000 Total $26,712,362 $26,660,723 Staff: 2,000. * Appropriation includes salary and operating expenses for Traffic Safety Commission and salaries of Chesapeake Bay Ferry System. MARYLAND MANUAL 105

DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES W. Lee Elgin, Commissioner, 1949 D. Marshall Schroeder, Deputy Commissioner Owen R. E. McGeeney, Auditor Michael A. Noppinger, Registrar of Titles Guilford Ave. at 21st St., Baltimore 18 Telephone: University 3900 The Office of Commissioner of Motor Vehicles was established in 1910. The Commissioner, who is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years, serves as the Director of the Department. The Department of Motor Vehicles is responsible for the issuance of drivers’ licenses and for the titling, registration and licensing of all motor vehicles operating continuously within the State. The Department examines all persons seeking drivers’ licenses in the State, the examination includes a road test and a knowledge of the motor vehicle laws of the State. These examinations are conducted in Baltimore City and in eighteen other cities and towns throughout the State. All motor vehicles registered in the State must have issued for them a certificate of title. There is levied an excise tax of two percent of the fair value of the vehicle for each original title registration and each subsequent transfer of title. The tax is collected by the Department. All commercial vehicles operating within the State of Maryland must carry financial responsibility insurance with an insurance firm licensed to do business within the State. All policies carried must be registered with the Department which issues a permit for operation in the State. All persons involved in Motor Vehicle accidents within the State and who are unable to satisfy a judgment arising therefrom must present to the Department adequate evidence of financial responsibility before their operator’s license can be restored. The Department maintains a file on all accidents occurring within the State, reports of which are required to be submitted by the terms of the law, and in addition a record of each individual owner who has been found guilty of a traffic violation. The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles may refuse, suspend or revoke an operator’s license to any person whom he deems unfit or unable to operate a Motor Vehicle. Appeals are permitted to the Courts from the decision of the Commissioner, except in those cases where the revocation is mandatory. All fees collected for the registration and titling of Motor Vehicles and all fines levied by Justices of the Peace, Magistrates, and the Traffic Court of Baltimore City are collected by the Department for deposit to the credit of the Motor Vehicle Revenue Fund (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 66%, secs. 3, 4, 21, 22, 78, 82, 83, 94-110H, 285). Publications: Annual Report of the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, 1946. Motor Vehicular Laws of Maryland, 1947. Appropriations: 1948 1949 Special Funds $796,353 $755,655 Staff: 264 106 MARYLAND MANUAL

MARYLAND TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION General Chairman: Isaac S. George, 1947 Caesar L. Aiello, 1947; Hamilton R. Atkinson, 1949; Mrs. Guy R. Clements, 1949; Washington I. Cleveland, 1951; Edwin A. Dempsey, 1951; W. Lee Elgin, 1951; Mrs. Harry L. Marcus, 1949; Holger Jensen, 1951; A. Burton Metzger, 1947; Col. Beverly Ober, 1947; John R. Sherwood, 1951; S. S. Steinberg, 1947; William B. Usilton, 3rd, 1947; Charles J. Wells, 1949; Major Ezra B. Whitman, 1951; Charles Bertram Hoffherger, 1949; Lloyd C. Culler, 1949. W. H. Bishop, Jr., Executive Secretary 415 Cathedral Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Vernon 7240 The Maryland Traffic Safety Commission was organized in 1941. The Commission of eighteen members is appointed by the Governor for six-year terms, one-third of these terms expiring every two years. The Commission seeks to promote traffic safety on the streets and highways of Maryland; and seeks to coordinate the activities of public and private agencies interested in, or affected by, the problems of traffic safety, assisting such agencies to augment their programs by study, education and information. The Commission has enlisted the aid of business associations, civic groups, and newspapers in the promotion of traffic safety. In cooperation with the Department of State Police, the Commission releases monthly reports of traffic accidents and fatalities in the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, secs. 175, 176). Appropriations Included with State Road Commission Budget. Staff: 1

MARYLAND STATE PLANNING COMMISSION Chairman: Henry P. Irr, 1949 Ex-officio Members: Joseph E. Byrnes, President Legisla- tive Council; John B. Funk, Chief Engineer. Appointed Members: William L. Galvin, 1949; Robert H. Riley, M.D., 1949; Robert M. Reindollar, 1949; Thomas B. Symons, 1949. I. Alvin Pasarew, Director 104 Equitable Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 6411 The Maryland State Planning Commission, established in 1933, consists of the President of the Legislative Council and the Chief Engi- neer of Maryland as Ex-officio members and six members appointed by the Governor. The functions of this Commission are to prepare or coordinate plans for the physical development of the State including plans for complete systems of State or regional highways, expressways, parkways, parks, water supply and forest reservations and airways and air terminals; to advise with State departments and bureaus, local authorities and individuals, with a view to the coordination of all physical development plans related to State activities; to make surveys of rural land utilization to determine areas suitable for field crops, reforestation, watershed protection, recreation, summer residence and urban expansion, to prepare a long-term development program of major State improvements; and generally, to make available information on subjects affecting the health and welfare of the people of Maryland. The MARYLAND MANUAL 107 Commission maintains a current inventory of study and research conducted by State agencies, in behalf or in the interests of the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88C). To carry out these functions the Commission is at present (1) studying the medical needs and facilities of the State especially in regard to dental care and tuberculosis; (2) surveying the agencies of the State having jurisdiction over the water resources of Maryland; (3) making an inventory of the research programs being carried on by the various State agencies; (4) continuing its collection and study of the social and economic trends within the State; (5) surveying the Capital Improvement Programs and needs of the various State agencies and institutions; and (6) studying zoning problems and plans of the State highways. The Commission is also surveying the Baltimore Metropolitan Area for the purpose of coordinating the public services of the area. It is also making a survey of the Anne Arundel Capital Improvement program. At the request of the General Assembly of 1947, the Commis- sion is conducting a survey of the farm produce marketing facilities of the City of Baltimore. The Commission will make a report of its findings to the Governor and Legislative Council and to the Mayor and Council of Baltimore City on or before October 1, 1948 (Acts of 1947, J. R. 12). Publications: Local Government Reporting in Maryland. Jan- uary 1947. Mimeographed. 33 pages. Six-Year Capital Improvement Program for Maryland. Re- vised 1947. Mimeographed. 178 pages. Interim Report of Committee on Medical Care. January 1947. Printed. 38 pages. Manual of Coordinates for Places in Maryland. Sept. 1947. Printed. 151 pages. Federal Grants-in-Aid and State Legislative Program, Feb- ruary 1947. Typed. 16 pages. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $29,239 $29,601 Special Appropriation (Market- ing Facility Study) 7,500 Total : $36,739 $29,601 Staff: 9 o DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS John B. Funk, Chief Engineer, 1951 Lawrence P. Sangston, Principal Architect James J. O’Donnel, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer Albert P. Backhaus, Constructional Engineer Garret O. Billmire, Principal Field Engineer S. Virginia Little, Secretary 210 East Lexington Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2530 The Department of Public Improvements was created by the General Assembly in 1947. The director of the Department is the Chief Engi- neer, who is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 78A, sec. 8-C). The Department provides the 110 MARYLAND MANUAL certificates and patents for land from the settlement of the Province of Maryland in 1634, records of deeds, or abstracts of same, from 1786 to the present time, and abstracts of mortgages and releases from 1900 to the present time. An Act of 1874 provided that extracts of all deeds should be sent by the Clerks of the several counties and of Baltimore City to the Land Office and there bound and indexed (Code 1939, Art. 54, secs. 14, 17). The Commissioner hears and determines all disputes which may arise concerning the validity of surveys. The Land Office is now engaged in making, filing, and recording plats for subdivisions of land; copies of such plats are sent to the Super- visors of Assessments upon request. All plats that have been filed with the Clerks of Courts before June 1, 1945, are being microfilmed by the Land Office (Code 1947, Art. 17, secs. 72C, 72D). All land now; included in the limits of the State of Maryland was granted to Cecil, Lord Baltimore, in 1632. In 1680, there was established a Land Office, and four years later “The Land Council”. This body was authorized to hear and determine all matters relating to land. Four years later when Maryland became a crown colony, the Land Office was closed. In 1715, after a long contest with the Gover- nor and Council, the Secretary and the Assembly, the Lord Proprietor emerged with his rights restored, and the Land Office was reopened. After the Revolution, the State assumed the control of the Land Office (Act of Assembly of April Sess. 1777). From 1781 until 1841, there was a Land Office for the Western Shore and another for the Eastern Shore. The Constitution of 1851 created the office of the Commissioner of the Land Office. Publications: Biennial Report of the Commissioner of the Land Office, 1946. 1948 1949 Appropriations $28,827 $24,877 Staff: 7 o HALL OF RECORDS COMMISSION Chairman: Ogle Marbury, Chief Judge of Court of Appeals William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; James J. Lacy, Comp- troller; Isaiah Bowman, President The Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; John S. Kieffer, President St. John’s College; J. Hall Pleasants, President Board of Peabody Institute; George L. Radcliffe, President Maryland Historical Society. Morris L. Radoff, Archivist Gust Skordas, Assistant Archivist Roger Thomas, Assistant Archivist Hall of Records, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4111 The Hall of Records Commission was created by an act of the Gen- eral Assembly in 1935. The Commission is an ex-officio body composed of the Governor, the Chief Judge Court of Appeals, the Comp- troller, the President of The Johns Hopkins University, the President of St. John’s College, the President of the Maryland Historical Society, and the President of the Board of Trustees of the Peabody Institute (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. 87). The Commission supervises and controls the Hall of Records and appoints the Archivist, who is responsible for the functioning of the agency. All public officials and all agencies of the State, as well as the counties, cities and towns of Maryland are authorized to deposit at the Hall of Records all records and documents not in current use. It MARYLAND MANUAL 107 Commission maintains a current inventory of study and research conducted by State agencies, in behalf or in the interests of the State (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 88C). To carry out these functions the Commission is at present (1) studying the medical needs and facilities of the State especially in regard to dental care and tuberculosis; (2) surveying the agencies of the State having jurisdiction over the water resources of Maryland; (3) making an inventory of the research programs being carried on by the various State agencies; (4) continuing its collection and study of the social and economic trends within the State; (5) surveying the Capital Improvement Programs and needs of the various State agencies and institutions; and (6) studying zoning problems and plans of the State highways. The Commission is also surveying the Baltimore Metropolitan Area for the purpose of coordinating the public services of the area. It is also making a survey of the Anne Arundel Capital Improvement program. At the request of the General Assembly of 1947, the Commis- sion is conducting a survey of the farm produce marketing facilities of the City of Baltimore. The Commission will make a report of its findings to the Governor and Legislative Council and to the Mayor and Council of Baltimore City on or before October 1, 1948 (Acts of 1947, J. R. 12). Publications: Local Government Reporting in Maryland. Jan- uary 1947. Mimeographed. 33 pages. Six-Year Capital Improvement Program for Maryland. Re- vised 1947. Mimeographed. 178 pages. Interim Report of Committee on Medical Care. January 1947. Printed. 38 pages. Manual of Coordinates for Places in Maryland. Sept. 1947. Printed. 151 pages. Federal Grants-in-Aid and State Legislative Program, Feb- ruary 1947. Typed. 16 pages. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $29,239 $29,601 Special Appropriation (Market- ing Facility Study), 7,500 Total ! $36,739 $29,601 Staff: 9 o—— DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS John B. Funk, Chief Engineer, 1951 Lawrence P. Sangston, Principal Architect James J. O’Donnel, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer Albert P. Backhaus, Constructional Engineer Garret O. Billmire, Principal Field Engineer S. Virginia Little, Secretary 210 East Lexington Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2530 The Department of Public Improvements was created by the General Assembly in 1947. The director of the Department is the Chief Engi- neer, who is appointed by the Governor for a term of four years (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 78A, sec. 8-C). The Department provides the 108 MARYLAND MANUAL necessary technical assistance to the Board of Public Works which is charged with the administration of the Capital Improvements program. The Department also acts as approving agency under the Hill- Burton Act, which provides federal aid for hospital construction. The Department of Public Improvements prepares the specifications for all buildings being constructed under its supervision, appoints the architect and supervises and approves the architectural drawings and designs. In cooperation with the Maryland Planning Commission, the Department has organized site-planning panels at many of the State institutions where construction is in progress or contemplated. Through these individual planning committees, the sites of buildings and other improvements may be selected with the thought of the maximum growth and development of the institution. The Department also maintains a record drawing of each institution showing water supply lines, sewage disposal systems and public utilities locations. These drawings will show all changes made and thus provide at all times accurate and complete information regarding all building sites. An inspection division is also maintained by the Department to insure that the standards and specifications established are observed. In addition to these continuing functions, the Department is preparing the State building code which will be presented to the General Assem- bly. The agency is also supervising the demolition of the former Naval Base at Solomons. 1948 1949 Appropriations $38,455 $38,455 Staff: 8 o BOARD OF ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW Chairman: Laurence Hall Fowler James R. Edmunds, Jr., T. Worth Jamison, Jr., Henry Powell Hopkins, Lucius R. White, Paul L. Gaudreau, Richard W. Ayres. The Board of Architectural Review is a voluntary body appointed by the Chief Engineer of the Department of Public Improvements from a list of nominations made by the Maryland Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. The Board acts as an advisory body to the Department of Public Improvements upon specifications related to proper architectural treatment of proposed buildings. The Board also reviews all architectural designs and drawings and recommends such changes as may be necessary in order that the proposed building may be functional and practical for the use intended.

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS R. Chester Cromwell, Superintendent E. Lee Kreis, Chief Engineer State House, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2983 The office of Superintendent of Public Buildings and Grounds was created in 1862. The Superintendent is responsible for the maintenance, custody and protection of the State House, Government House, Court of Appeals Building, State Office Building, and the Hall of Records. He is also responsible for the maintenance and operation of the State Heating Plant which provides heat for the other State buildings. The Superintendent maintains an inventory of all movable MARYLAND MANUAL 109 property located in each of the buildings, and transmits a copy to the Secretary of State (Code 1939, Art. 41, secs. 93-98). 1948 1949 Appropriations $146,510 $148,723 Staff: 62

MARYLAND STATE LIBRARY Library Committee Chairman: Ogle Marbury, Chief Judge Court of Appeals Stephen R. Collins, Associate Judge Court of Appeals Edward S. Delaplaine, Associate Judge Court of Appeals Gertrude E. Horigan, State Librarian Nelson J. Molter, Law Librarian Court of Appeals Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4401 The State Librarian is appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate to serve for the term of the Governor (Const. 1867, Art. VII, sec. 3). The Library Committee, which is composed of at least three members appointed by the Judges of the Court of Appeals, exercises general supervision over the library, purchases books, and appoints the Law Librarian and other employees (Code 1939, 1947 Supp. Art. 41, secs. 117, 119, 127)- The Maryland State Library was established in 1827 by an Act of the General Assem- bly (Ch. 53, Acts 1826, Dec. Sess.). The Library is divided into two sections, the Law Library and the General Reference Library. The Law Library has on its shelves a large collection of law books including the acts and court decisions of the federal government, the vanous states and territories, and the District of Columbia. There is also a collection of English laws, as well as current legal periodicals and ioumals. The library also has a number of rare books including the four volumes of the Audubon subscription edition and the most com- nlete file of the Maryland Gazette now in existence. All together there are approximately 112,000 volumes on the shelves of the library. The library is also a depository for publications of the State government, and all State officials and State agencies are required to place m the library one copy of all reports and publications (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41 sec 103) The library also acts as the distributing agency for the Journals of the General Assembly, the Laws of Maryland, the Mary- land Reports and Annotated Code (Code 1939, 1947 Supp. Art. 41, secs. 113-116, 118). The reading rooms are open to the public Mon- day through Friday. ASCH””L - - - $13,266 $12^769 Library Committee 2,940 2,940 Staff: 4

COMMISSIONER OF THE LAND OFFICE J. Lee Ball, Commissioner, 1951 Arthur Trader, Administrative Assistant Hall of Records, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 3451 The Commissioner of the Land Office is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, to hold office during the term of the Governor. The Land Office is a court of record which keeps records pertaining to boundaries of land, including records of all warrants, 110 MARYLAND MANUAL

certificates and patents for land from the settlement of the Province of Maryland in 1634, records of deeds, or abstracts of same, from 1786 to the present time, and abstracts of mortgages and releases from 1900 to the present time. An Act of 1874 provided that extracts of all deeds should be sent by the Clerks of the several counties and of Baltimore City to the Land Office and there bound and indexed (Code 1939, Art. 54, secs. 14, 17). The Commissioner hears and determines all disputes which may arise concerning the validity of surveys. The Land Office is now engaged in making, filing, and recording plats for subdivisions of land; copies of such plats are sent to the Super- visors of Assessments upon request. All plats that have been filed with the Clerks of Courts before June 1, 1945, are being microfilmed by the Land Office (Code 1947, Art. 17, secs. 72C, 72D). All land now included in the limits of the State of Maryland was granted to Cecil, Lord Baltimore, in 1632. In 1680, there was established a Land Office, and four years later “The Land Council”. This body was authorized to hear and determine all matters relating to land. Four years later when Maryland became a crown colony, the Land Office was closed. In 1715, after a long contest with the Gover- nor and Council, the Secretary and the Assembly, the Lord Proprietor emerged with his rights restored, and the Land Office was reopened. After the Revolution, the State assumed the control of the Land Office (Act of Assembly of April Sess. 1777). From 1781 until 1841, there was a Land Office for the Western Shore and another for the Eastern Shore. The Constitution of 1851 created the office of the Commissioner of the Land Office. Publications: Biennial Report of the Commissioner of the Land Office, 1946. 1948 1949 Appropriations $28,827 $24,877 Staff: 7

HALL OF RECORDS COMMISSION Chairman: Ogle Marbury, Chief Judge of Court of Appeals William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; James J. Lacy, Comp- troller; Isaiah Bowman, President The Johns Hopkins Uni- versity; John S. Kieffer, President St. John’s College; J. Hall Pleasants, President Board of Peabody Institute; George L. Radcliffe, President Maryland Historical Society. Morris L. Radoff, Archivist Gust Skordas, Assistant Archivist Roger Thomas, Assistant Archivist Hall of Records, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4111 The Hall of Records Commission was created by an act of the Gen- eral Assembly in 1935. The Commission is an ex-officio body composed of the Governor, the Chief Judge Court of Appeals, the Comp- troller, the President of The Johns Hopkins University, the President of St. John’s College, the President of the Maryland Historical Society, and the President of the Board of Trustees of the Peabody Institute (Code 1939, Art. 41, sec. 87). The Commission supervises and controls the Hall of Records and appoints the Archivist, who is responsible for the functioning of the agency. All public officials and all agencies of the State, as well as the counties, cities and towns of Maryland are authorized to deposit at the Hall of Records all records and documents not in current use. It MARYLAND MANUAL 111 is required, however, that all records, which are in the Court Houses of the State and which were created prior to April 28, 1788, the date of ratification of the United States Constitution by the State of Mary- land, be deposited at the Hall of Records (Code 1947 Supp. Ait. 4 , sec 126A) The transfer of these records is now m process. In addition to these records the agency has in its custody the non-current records of many state agencies. While the Board of Public Works has power over the disposition of non-current records, all such records must first be offered to the Hall of Records, and then, should the Archivist decline such records, permission to destroy the same may be sought from the Board of 1 ublic Works* The Hall of Records is authorized to reproduce upon request the records of any agency of the State Government, as well as the land records of any Courts of the State upon the request of the Court (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, secs. 127, 127A). _ . The Hall of Records also maintains a library of official publications of the various State agencies, and all state agencies are required to deposit one copy of each official publication with the Hall of Records (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 41, sec. 103). As an adjunct to the Hall of Records Commission, the Boaid of Public Works created in February, 1948, a Department of Informa- tion for the purpose of providing a central agency for the dissemination of information about Maryland. The Hall of Records is fuithei responsible for the editing and preparation of the Maryland Manual for the biennium 1948-1949. Publications: Eleventh and Twelfth Annual Reports of the Archivist of the Hall of Records, 1946, 1947. Land Office and Perogative Court Records of Colonial Mary- land, Annapolis, 1946. Calendar of Maryland State Papers No. 2 The Bank Stock Papers, Annapolis, 1947. ^ Appropriations - $35,860 $.16,411 Staff: 12

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION John P. Trimmer, Director Court of Appeals Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4085 The Department of Information was established as a division of the Hall of Records Commission by the Board of Public Works February 17 1948. It began to function in March, 1948. The Department, a central agency for the dissemination of information concerning the State, is charged with collecting and assembling data about Maryland. It makes available to the general public by means of maps, photographs, pamphlets, and press releases information obtained from various state agencies, federal agencies and private sources. Publications: Maryland’s Resorts and Vacation Areas, 1948. Maryland’s State Government (mimeographed), 1948. Special Events in Maryland (bi-monthly, mimeographed). Appropriations: 1948 1949 By the Board of Public Works $11,000 $11,000 Staff: 2 112 MARYLAND MANUAL,

WAR RECORDS DIVISION Harold R. Manakee, Director 612 Park Avenue, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 1911 The War Records Division was established in 1945. The Division was established under delegation of authority from the Board of Public Works for the purpose of collecting and assembling data and records in regard to Maryland’s participation in World War II. The Division is securing information regarding the service record of each Maryland resident who was a member of the Armed Forces during the War. In addition the Division is collecting data concerning the participation of Maryland Industry as well as information about the activities of civic and patriotic groups during the war. The Division is further authorized to publish such material as is necessary to give a complete and accurate history of Maryland’s participation in and contribution to World War II (Acts 1945, Ch. 728). 1948 1949 Appropriations $27,000 $22,000 Staff: 5 o MARYLAND VETERANS COMMISSION Chairman: Joseph A. Cantrell Godfrey Child, James A. Haley, Frank Powers, Charles M. Sinclair Richard C. Manning, State Service Officer 8 South Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2000 The Maryland Veterans Commission is composed of five members appointed by the Governor, all of whom must be Veterans. The Com- mission appoints the State Service Officer, who serves as administrative director of the agency. The State Commanders of the American Legion, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Disabled American Vet- erans, and the Spanish-American War Veterans serve as an advisory committee to the Commission. The Commission administers a fund, appropriated annually, to provide the necessities of life to distressed veterans, widows of veterans and their infant children, to provide medical care for those who are ill, and funeral expenses for deceased veterans. The agency also assists veterans and their dependents in securing federal aid to which they may be entitled. The Commission is further responsible for the maintenance of a permanent registry of graves of all persons who served in the military or naval forces of the country in time of war and are buried in Maryland. The Commission, in addition to its main office, has Information Centers located in the following cities: Baltimore: 308 Veterans Administration Building Chestertown: Court House Crisfield: Liberty Trust Building Frederick: Winchester Hall Hagerstown: 126 North Potomac Street Hyattsville: State Armory 1948 1949 Appropriations $127,299* $127,185* Staff: 21. ♦Includes Veterans Relief Funds of $75,000. MARYLAND MANUAL 113

MARYLAND VETERANS’ HOUSING COMMISSION Chairman: Joseph D. Buscher, 1952 Harry H. Cropper, 1952; J. Ted Ingelhardt, 1952; Thomas B. Finan, 1952; Henry P. Irr, 1952. James P. Lazzati, Executive Director 202 Guilford Avenue, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2838 The Maryland Veterans’ Housing Commission was created in 1947 by an act of the General Assembly. The members of the Commission are appointed by the Governor for a term of five years, one of the members being designated by the Governor as Chairman. The Com- mission appoints the Executive Director. It offers assistance to veterans in obtaining financial assistance for home purchases, and by the maintenance of a directory of houses and apartments. At the present time, the Commission is making a survey to determine the housing needs and the number of housing units necessary for veterans. The Commission is also empowered to negotiate with the federal government for such funds as may be available for home construction and to enter into contracts with private interests for housing construction. All agreements and contracts entered into by the Commission are subject to review by the Board of Public Works (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 78A, secs. 24-27). 1948 1949 Appropriations $5,800 $6,800 Staff: 2 o WAR MEMORIAL COMMISSION Chairman: Richard C. O’Connell, 1952 Appoined by the Governor: Charles Dregant, 1948; Herbert C. Bowers, 1949; William F. Dawson, 1950; Harry C. Ruhl, 1951. Appointed by the Mayor of Baltimore: Paul C. Wolman, 1952; Abraham Watner, 1949; Paul J. Weidofer, 1950; Joseph L. Ferri, 1948; James J. McGuirk, 1951. Thomas G. McNicholas, Superintendent War Memorial Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Calvert 5603 The War Memorial Commission was created in 1924. The Commis- sion is composed of ten members, five of whom are appointed by the Governor and five by the Mayor of the City of Baltimore. The term of office is five years. The Commission elects its own Chairman. The Commission has custody and supervision of the War Memorial Build- ing, erected as a memorial to the men of Maryland who fought in World War I. The cost of maintenance of the Memorial is shared equally by the State and the City of Baltimore. The building is open and available for meetings of veteran groups, civic and patriotic societies, and for civic gatherings, providing that no collection or donation is received or admission charged for any meeting or program held in the building. Applications for permission to use the building should be addressed to the Commission (Code 1939, Art. 65, secs. 85-86). 1948 1949 Appropriations (State) $8,500* $8,600* Staff: 9 *The amount appropriated is to be half the cost of maintenance, but not exceeding the amount specified. 114 MARYLAND MANUAL

ARSENAL AND VETERANS MEMORIAL COMMISSION Chairman: Charles R. Starlings, Jr., 1948 Elijah E. Nichols, 1954; Thomas B. Sprague, 1950; John A. Moody, 1950; Elmer F. Munshower, 1950; Albert D. Hutzler, 1952; Thomas E. R. Fields, 1952; Milton Tolle, 1952. Maryland Line Confederate Soldiers Home, Pikesville Telephone: Pikesville 314 The Arsenal and Veterans Memorial Commission was established in 1936. It is composed of eight members appointed by the Governor for terms of six years. The Commission has supervision and custody of the buildings and properties known as the Maryland Line Confederate Soldiers Home which was deeded by the United States Government to the State of Maryland in 1879. The Home is now used by several civic groups of the Community which aid in the expenses of the maintenance of the property (Code 1939 and 1947 Supp. Art. 65, secs. 93-94). Appropriations: None Staff: None ——o

EXAMINING AND LICENSING BOARDS

STATE BOARD OF DENTAL EXAMINERS President: William Daniel Day, D.D.S., 1951 Norman P. Chanaud, D.D.S., 1953; Harry Levin, D.D.S., 1951; Kyrle W. Preis, D.D.S., 1949; Carl P. Russell, D.D.S., 1953; William E. Trail, D.D.S., 1949. Kyrle W. Preis, D.D.S., Secretary, 1949 700 Cathedral Street Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 5617 The Governor appoints the six members of the Board of Dental Examiners. Two members are appointed biennially, from a list of four practicing dentists furnished by the Maryland State Dental Association (Code 1939, Art. 32, sec. 2). The Dental Practice Act of the State provides that this Board regulate the practice of dentistry, by testing the qualifications of candidates for license in dentistry and in dental hygiene. All applicants for license to practice dentistry must be at least twenty-one years of age and graduates of dental colleges duly incorporated to grant degrees in Dental Surgery by the laws of one of the United States or Canada. All applicants for a license to practice dental hygiene must be at least twenty years of age and graduates of a school teaching dental hygiene which has been approved by the Board. Examinations are held twice a year, and are both written and practical. Every dentist and every dental hygienist must register annually. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $1,424 $1,424 Staff: None MARYLAND MANUAL 115

COMMISSIONERS OF PRACTICAL PLUMBING Chairman: Frank A. Reger, Sr., 1949 Ex-officio members: Robert H. Riley, M.D., Director State Board of Health; Huntington Williams, M.D., Commissioner of Health, Baltimore City. Appointive members: Reuben Goldman, 1949; Charles Wachsmuth, 1949. 203 Old Town Bank Bldg., Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 8183 The first Board for the examining and licensing of plumbers in Maryland was established in 1886. The jurisdiction of this Board was limited to Baltimore City. The present Commission was established in 1910. Its jurisdiction includes all of the State, excepting Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties. The Commission is composed of five members, three of whom are appointed by the Governor for two year terms, the Director of the State Board of Health and the Commissioner of Health for the City of Baltimore being ex-officio members of the Commission. The Commission examines and certifies journeyman and master plumbers, however, the latter must have held Journeyman certificates for at least two years prior to applying for a master’s certificate. All certificates must be renewed annually. Appeals from the results of examination may be taken to a Board of Arbiters, one member being appointed by the appellant, one by the Commission, and a third member appointed by the other two members of the Arbitration Board. All members of the Board must be certified plumbers within the State (1939 Code, Art. 43, secs. 318-324). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $2,722 $2,722 Staff: None

BOARDS OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS Members of the Board representing the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty President: Erasmus H. Kloman, M.D., 1951 Henry T. Collenberg, M.D., Vice President, 1949; Lewis P. Gundry, M.D., Secretary-Treasurer, 1950; W. Allen Griffith, M.D., 1951; Edward M. Hanrahan, M.D., 1948; E. Paul Knotts, M.D., 1949; John E. Legge, M.D., 1948; Edward P. Thomas, M.D., 1950. 1215 Cathedral Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 5587 Members of the Board representing the Homeopathic Medical Society President: Maurice E. Shamer, M.D., 1949 John A. Evans, M.D., Secretary-Treasurer, 1949; Arthur J. Davies, M.D., 1950; M. Bourman Hood, M.D., 1951; William Pannebaker, M.D., 1948; Henry Russell, M.D., 1951; J. Ward Wisner, M.D., 1950. 612 West 40th Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: University 0832 The practice of medicine in Maryland is regulated by two Boards of Medical Examiners, one representing the Medical and Chirurgical 118 MARYLAND MANUAL

of the State until 1898, when the State Board of Law Examiners was created. The Board is composed of three members appointed by the Judges of the Court of Appeals (Code 1939, Art. 10, sec. 3). It is the duty of the Board to examine all persons wishing to practice law in the State. These examinations are given twice yearly in the City of Baltimore during the months of March and July. The Board also passes upon the petitions of attorneys from other states and territories desiring admittance to the Maryland Bar in accordance with rule fourteen of the Board. Appeals from the findings and recommendations of the Character Committees of the various counties and the City of Baltimore are passed upon by the State Board. In addition to these powers, the Board accredits universities and colleges in the State of Maryland for pre-legal training and prescribes the necessary courses of study for law students. Students expecting to study law in anticipation of practicing in Maryland must register their intentions with the Board. While the rules of the Board are formulated by the Court of Appeals, the Board has the right to prescribe such rules as may be necessary for the conduct of examinations, providing such rules do not conflict with those made by the Court. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses 9200 9200 Staff: 1 o

BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS Chairman: Edward J. Stegman, 1949, C. P. A. George H. Bald, 1950, C. P. A.; W. Frank Every, 1949, Attorney at Law; W. O. Weyforth, 1949, Economist. J. Wallace Bryan, C.P.A., 1951, Secretary-Treasurer 1101 Mercantile Trust Bldg., Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 8200 The Governor appoints three Certified Public Accountants (one each year) for terms of three years each, together with one attorney at law for a term of two years, and one economist (selected from a list of three names submitted by the President of the John Hopkins University) for a term of two years (Code 1939, Art. 75A, secs. 2-7). The duties of this Board are to examine applicants for certificates as Certified Public Accountants, and to pass on applications by Certi- fied Public Accountants of other States for special certificates of registration (commonly called “reciprocal certificates”) entitling the holders to practice as Certified Public Accountants in Maryland. Examinations are held in November of each year. Those persons who pass the examinations, or whose applications for reciprocal certificates are approved, are recommended by the Board to the Governor who issues certificates to them. The Governor may for sufficient cause revoke any such certificate, after notice to the holder and a reasonable opportunity for a hearing. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Special Fees and License. .$4,400 $4,400 Staff: 2 MARYLAND MANUAL 115 COMMISSIONERS OF PRACTICAL PLUMBING Chairman: Frank A. Reger, Sr., 1949 Ex-officio members: Robert H. Riley, M.D., Director State Board of Health; Huntington Williams, M.D., Commissioner of Health, Baltimore City. Appointive members: Reuben Goldman, 1949; Charles Wachsmuth, 1949. 203 Old Town Bank Bldg., Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 8183 The first Board for the examining and licensing of plumbers in Maryland was established in 1886. The jurisdiction of this Board was limited to Baltimore City. The present Commission was established in 1910. Its jurisdiction includes all of the State, excepting Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties. The Commission is composed of five members, three of whom are appointed by the Governor for two year terms, the Director of the State Board of Health and the Commissioner of Health for the City of Baltimore being ex-officio members of the Commission. The Commission examines and certifies journeyman and master plumbers, however, the latter must have held Journeyman certificates for at least two years prior to applying for a master’s certificate. All certificates must be renewed annually. Appeals from the results of examination may be taken to a Board of Arbiters, one member being appointed by the appellant, one by the Commission, and a third member appointed by the other two members of the Arbitration Board. All members of the Board must be certified plumbers within the State (1939 Code, Art. 43, secs. 318-324). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $2,722 $2,722 Staff: None -o

BOARDS OF MEDICAL EXAMINERS Members of the Board representing the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty President: Erasmus H. Kloman, M.D., 1951 Henry T. Collenberg, M.D., Vice President, 1949; Lewis P Gundry, M.D., Secretary-Treasurer, 1950; W. Allen Griffith, M.D., 1951; Edward M. Hanrahan, M.D., 1948; E. Paul Knotts, M.D., 1949; John E. Legge, M.D., 1948; Edward P. Thomas, M.D., 1950. 1215 Cathedral Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 5587 Members of the Board representing the Homeopathic Medical Society President: Maurice E. Shamer, M.D., 1949 John A. Evans, M.D., Secretary-Treasurer, 1949; Arthur J. Davies, M.D., 1950; M. Bourman Hood, M.D., 1951; William Pannebaker, M.D., 1948; Henry Russell, M.D., 1951; J Ward Wisner, M.D., 1950. 612 West 40th Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: University 0832 The practice of medicine in Maryland is regulated by two Boards of Medical Examiners, one representing the Medical and Chirurgical 116 MARYLAND MANUAL

Faculty (State Medical Society), and the other representing the Maryland State Homeopathic Medical Society. Each Board consists of eight members appointed by their respective societies, two being named each year to serve for a term of four years. (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 117.) The function of the Boards is to test the fitness of physicians for the legal practice of medicine in this State and to issue licenses to those qualified. Candidates applying to the Board representing the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty must be graduates of medical schools approved by the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges. Graduates of foreign medical schools are considered individually. Examinations are held twice a year. The qualification for practice is determined either by written examination given by the Boards, or by recognition of license obtained after written examination in a reciprocating state, or by endorsement of certificate of the National Board of Medical Examiners. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 State Board of Medical Examiners Fees $10,370 $10,370 State Board of Medical Examiners— Homeopathic: Fees.. 166 166 Staff: 2

STATE BOARD OF EXAMINING ENGINEERS Chairman: Ernest E. Green, 1949 Harry W. Hauf, 1949 Lowney D. Young, Secretary 221 East North Avenue, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Saratoga 8317 The Board of Examining Engineers was established in 1892 with jurisdiction limited to Baltimore City. In 1910, the jurisdiction of ithe Board was extended to include the entire State. The Board is composed of two members appointed by the Governor for terms of two years. The appointees must have had experience operating steam engines, boilers, and stationary or portable engines. The Board examines applicants for certificates of proficiency to operate stationary or portable engines. All certificates so issued must be renewed annually by the Board. The members of the Board periodically inspect all industries and places of business where licensed engineers are employed to determine their compliance with the law. The Board meets Tuesdays and Fridays from 7 P. M. to 9 P. M. (Acts 1910, ch. 662). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $6,000 $6,000 Staff: 3 MARYLAND MANUAL 117

STATE VETERINARY MEDICAL BOARD President: Thomas A. Ladson, V.M.D., 1949 John H. Engel, V.M.D., 1949; J. Walter Hastings, V.M.D., 1949; John G. Gadd, V.M.D., 1949. Hulbert Young, V.M.D., Secretary, 1949 Liberty Road, Owings Mills, R.F.D. 2 Telephone: Roslyn 389-W-4 The State Veterinary Medical Board established in 1894, is composed of five members appointed by the Governor for a term of four years. The Board is required to pass upon the qualifications of candidates for licenses to practice Veterinary Medicine in Maryland, to examine such candidates, to hear and pass upon complaints of illegal or unethical practice, and to institute prosecution in the courts against those engaged in the illegal practice of Veterinary Medicine in the State (Code 1939, Art. 43, secs. 145-161). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses ?175 $175 Staff: None o

BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF HORSESHOERS Chairman: Charles R. Campbell, 1948 John M. Coffin, V.M.D., 1949; L. Hickman, V.M.D., 1949; Elmer R. Strayer, 1949. Frederick A. Kloch, Secretary, 1949 1172 Cleveland Street, Baltimore 30 Telephone: None The members of the Board of Examiners of Horseshoers are appointed by the Governor for a term of four years from the date of their appointment. One must be a veterinarian, two must be Master Horseshoers, and two must be journeyman horseshoers. The Board examines and registers all persons seeking certificates as master or journeymen horseshoers. Meetings of the Board are held twice yearly in May and November (Acts 1898, Ch. 471). Appropriations: None Staff: None o

STATE BOARD OF LAW EXAMINERS Chairman: Parsons Newman Wilson K. Barnes, William H. Price Wilson K. Barnes, Secretary Mildred H. Pullens, Clerk to the Board 901 Maryland Trust Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 1630 The Courts of the Province were first authorized to examine persons seeking to practice law in 1715 (1715, Ch. 48, sec. 12). The examination of attorneys remained as a function of the several courts 118 MARYLAND MANUAL

STATE BOARD OF FUNERAL DIRECTORS AND EMBALMERS President: Edward L. Lilly, 1949 Ex-officio members: R. H. Riley, M.D., Director, State Board of Health; Huntington Williams, M.D., Health Com- missioner of Baltimore; E. R. Davies, M.D., Assistant Health Commissioner of Baltimore. Appointed: William F. Wooden, Vice-President, 1949; Sol Levinson, Treasurer, 1949; Charles E. Delosier, Secretary, 1949; Jerome C. M. Cvach, 1949; Charles F. Evans, 1949; J. Willis Wells, 1949. State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 4146 The State Board of Funeral Directors was established and its powers and duties prescribed by the General Assembly in 1902 (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 326). The Governor, with the consent of the Senate, appoints seven of the members of the Board; the Director of the State Board of Health, the Commissioner and Assistant Commis- sioner of Health of Baltimore City serve ex-officio. It is the duty of any person carrying on the business of Funeral Directing and Embalming in the State, to have his name registered with the State Board of Funeral Directors and Embalmers, and to procure a license to carry on the business of Funeral Directing and Embalming. Licenses are renewed annually, and the Board has the power to suspend or revoke any license. It is the duty of the Board to make rules and regulations for the enforcement of provisions in the laws regarding Funeral Directing and Embalming. In general, the laws deal with qualifications and examinations of all applicants for license and registration. Examinations are held annually in Baltimore City. Publications: Laws and By-Laws Governing Funeral Directors and Embalmers in Maryland, 1948. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $7,135 $7,135 Staff: 2 o

MARYLAND BOARD OF PHARMACY President: T. Ellsworth Ragland, 1950 L. M. Kantner, Secretary-Treasurer, 1949; Charles S. Austin, Jr., 1953; Robert J. Spittel, 1951; S. Earl Webster, 1952. 2411 North Charles Street, Baltimore 8 Telephone: University 4280 The Board of Pharmacy was created by an Act of the General Assembly in 1902. The Governor appoints five members, one annually, from a list of pharmacists submitted by the Maryland Pharmaceutical Association. Two members must be residents of Baltimore City, and three, residents of the counties of the State (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 247). This Board licenses pharmacists, by examination and reciprocity, issues permits for the operation of retail pharmacies, and for the manufacture of drugs, medicines, toilet articles, dentifrices and cosmetics. In cooperation with the State Department of Health, the Board enforces the pharmacy and drug laws of the State. 120 MARYLAND MANUAL

The members of the Board of Pharmacy and duly authorized agents of the Department of Health have the power to inspect any pharmacy or other place where prescriptions, medicines, drugs, drug products or domestic remedies are compounded or sold, and to inspect every prescription, medicine, drug, drug product or domestic remedy exposed for sale. Druggists and pharmacists are required to keep in their places of business a suitable book or file in which to preserve for a period of not less than five years every prescription compounded or dispensed. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $3,415 $3,590 Staff: 1 -o-

BOARD OF BARBER EXAMINERS President: J. William Groves, 1949 Vincent A. Cinquegrani, Secretary, 1949 Robert M. Gerber, Treasurer, 1949 17 Guilford Avenue, Baltimore 2 Telephones: Saratoga 4282 Plaza 2712 The Board of Barber Examiners was created in 1904. It is composed of three members appointed by the Governor for two years. The Board examines and licenses persons wishing to practice barber- ing. Examinations for this purpose are held in Baltimore in January, April, July, and October of each year. The Board also has the power to inspect all barber shops and to report to the county health officer any unsanitary conditions. The Board may suspend the license of any barber who consistently maintains an unsanitary shop (Code 1939 Art. 43, sec. 269). Publications: Acts of the General Assembly Governing the State Board of Barber Examiners, (No Date). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $1,500 $1,500 Staff: None o STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF NURSES President: Dorothy F. McBride, 1949 Sister Mary Vincent Dunnigan, Secretary-Treasurer, 1949- Elizabeth F. Norwood, 1950; Eva M. Bradley, 1951; Irene m’ Duffy, 1951. Angela M. Shipley, Executive Secretary 1217 Cathedral Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 1758 The Board consists of five members appointed by the Governor for terms of three years. As vacancies occur, the Maryland State Nurses’ Association submits to the Governor the names of five of its members from which Appointees must be selected. It is the duty of the Board MARYLAND MANUAL 121 to examine all applicants for registration as “Registered Nurse” and to issue the proper certificate. It is also the duty of the Board to examine applicants for the license “Licensed Practical Nurse,” and to issue the proper certificate. A register of the names of all nurses registered and licensed is kept open to the public. The Board visits hospitals, inspects training schools, and concerns itself with the course of study and nursing education carried on in these schools. For sufficient cause, the Board, by a majority vote, may revoke any certificate (Code 1939, Art. 43, secs. 287-296). At the present time, the Board is engaged in an extensive survey of the “whole practical nurse situation” in the State. It is encouraging War Veterans who are in a position to be applicants for “Licensed Practical Nurse.” The Board is revising its curriculum and bringing it back to normal after the accelerated war program. It cooperates with the “National League of Nursing Education” by contributing to its test pool and using its examinations and with the State Board of Education by making practical use of its Equivalent Examination. Publications: Official List of Registered Nurses in the State of Maryland, 1946 Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $12,390 $12,440 Staff: 3 o

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL EXAMINERS AND SUPERVISORS President: Raymond C. Beck, 1949 William H. Miller, Treasurer, 1949; George Winters, 1949; William H. C. Beaty, 1949. Earl R. Westendorf, Secretary, 1949 201 Old Town Bank Building, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Plaza 2492 The Board of Electrical Examiners and Supervisors was established in 1906. The Board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor for terms of two years. Two members of the Board are appointed from a list of nominees submitted by the Electrical Contrac- tors’ Association; one must be a journeyman electrician; one member is nominated by the Association of Fire Underwriters; and one is nominated by the Chief of Municipal Electrical Inspectors of the City of Baltimore. The Board examines all persons for certificates of proficiency as a Master Electrician. No person, corporation, or firm is permitted to install electrical lighting or wiring, or conductors used for electrical heat, light, or power, except under the supervision of a duly certified Master Electrician. The Board is also empowered to adopt rules and regulations with regard to the placing, installing, and operating of electrical wires, appliances, and apparatus in Baltimore City. The Board meets twice weekly in the City of Baltimore. (Acts 1906, Ch. 244). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $3,320 $3,320 Staff: None 122 MARYLAND MANUAL

BOARD OF EXAMINERS IN OPTOMETRY President: A. L. Trussed, O.D., 1951 Albert B. Boulden, O.D., 1949; George H. Kohler, O.D., 1949; Morris J. Seltzer, O.D., 1951; R. Roswell Sullivan, O.D., 1949. George H. Kohler, O.D., Secretary-Treasurer, 1949 322 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Lexington 3685 This Board was created in 1914 when the Governor appointed five persons, for terms of two years, from a list endorsed by the Maryland Association of Optometrists. Since 1924, members have been appointed for four-year terms (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 353). The Board administers the optometry laws of the State and regulates the practice of optometry. It examines, licenses, and registers. Two examinations are held each year, usually in January and July, in the following subjects: anatomy, physiology, theoretic optics, pathology, physiologi- cal optics, practical optics, theoretical optometry, perimetry, diagnosis and prescription, determination, contact lenses and practical optometry, orthoptics and visual training, and optometric jurisprudence. For just cause, the Board may revoke any certificate of registration or examination (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 365). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $1,120 $1,120 Staff: None

BOARD OF OSTEOPATHIC EXAMINERS President: Evelyn C. Luke, 1949 L. A. Winokur, 1949; H. D. Shellenberger, 1951; W. S. Heatwole, 1951. W. H. Waugaman, Secretary, 1951 33 S. Centre Street, Cumberland. Telephone: Cumberland 2810 The Board of Osteopathic Examiners was established in 1914. The Board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor from a full list of members in good standing of the Maryland Osteopathic Association. The term of office is for three years (Code 1939, Art. 43, secs. 411-414). The Maryland Board of Osteopathic Examiners on receiving applications for license to practice Osteopathy within the State, investigate the credentials of the applicant and if they meet with the requirements, a license is issued by the Examining Board. Two meetings are held each year for the examining of such applicants whose credentials will not warrant issuing of a license through the Previous Practice, or Reciprocity Acts. The examining Board co-operates with municipal and state officials in enforcing the laws regulating the practice. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $130 $130 Staff: None MARYLAND MANUAL 123

BOARD OF CHIROPODY EXAMINERS President.: Henry T. Collenberg, M.D. Maurice E. Walsh, G. Cp.; S. Jack Kleger, D.S.C. Harry P. Clifton, D.S.C., Secretary 712 Davison Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Saratoga 4489 The Board of Chiropody Examiners was created in 1916. It is composed of four members appointed by the Board of Medical Examiners, one of whom shall be a member of that Board and the other three shall be selected from the membership of the Maryland Pedic Associa- tion. The Board examines all persons who wish to practice Chiropody in the State. Applicants must have at least two years of education in a recognized college of arts or sciences and be graduates of a school or college of chiropody classified “A” or “B” by the National Associa- tion of Chiropodists. The examinations, which may be written, oral, or practical, are given in January and July of each year. The Board also issues annual licenses to all chiropodists engaged in active practice within the State. The Board has the power to revoke the license of any chiropodist, after due hearing, who is charged with mal- practice or unethical conduct (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 465). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $230 $230 Staff: None o-

STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF MOVING PICTURE MACHINE OPERATORS President: Rodney Collier, 1949 Carroll G. Bayne, Secretary, 1949 Edward Pugh, Treasurer, 1949 848 N. Howard Street, Baltimore 1 Telephone: None The Governor appoints, biennially, the three members of this Board. One member must be from the Fire Underwriters’ Association, one a licensed moving picture machine operator and a member of the Moving Picture Operators’ Union, and the third, an exhibitor licensed to operate motion picture machines. All members must have had at least three years’ experience in this business, and must have resided in Baltimore City for not less than two years next preceding their appointment. This Board examines and licenses operators of moving picture machines, and has supervision over them in Baltimore City only. Examinations are written and practical. Applicants are eligible for examination after having worked for six months under a licensed operator. Licenses must be renewed annually. The Board has full power to suspend and revoke licenses. The Board is required to meet monthly, but usually it meets more often (Acts 1918, ch. 195). Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $1,810 $1,810 Staff: None 124 MARYLAND MANUAL

STATE BOARD OF HAIRDRESSERS AND BEAUTY CULTURISTS Chairman: Clara E. Taylor, 1950 E. Pearl Drechsler, 1947; Louise M. Valench, 1948 Kathryne C. Linder, Principal Clerk Marie E. Schuster, Chief Inspector 102 Park Avenue, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Mulberry 3843 The Board of Hairdressers and Beauty Culturists was created by an Act of the General Assembly in 1935 (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 480). It is charged with the responsibility of examining, licensing and registering all persons engaged in or teaching hairdressing or beauty culture. By promulgating rules and regulations governing the conduct and sanitation of hairdressing and beauty culture, it is the duty of the Board to prevent the spread of contagious and infectious diseases. Members of the Board are appointed by the Governor for terms of three years. Members must be citizens of the State of Maryland, must have at least five years’ practical experience in hairdressing or beauty culture, but cannot be members of nor affiliated with any establishment or concern manufacturing or selling merchandise or commodities used in hairdressing or beauty shops, nor be directly or indirectly connected with any school of beauty culture. No two members who are graduates of the same school of beauty culture shall serve at the same time. The Board appoints a secretary who shall not be a member of the Board. It also employs a chief inspector. In connection with prohibiting any illegal practice, the Board may conduct hearings, compel the attendance of witnesses, and administer oaths. Examinations are held, every three months, under the supervision of three Board members. Examinations are both written and practical; the written examination is held in one of the high schools of Baltimore, and the practical examination is held in one of the beauty shops. All beauty shops and schools are under the supervision of the Board in all matters pertaining to health and sanitation. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $35,341 $35,434 Staff: 16 o—■—

STATE BOARD OF CHIROPRACTIC EXAMINERS President: Kermit F. Smith, D.C., 1949 Norman E. Osborne, D.C., 1951; Edgar H. Northam, D.C., 1950 3001 St. Paul Street, Baltimore 18 Telephone: Belmont 7476 The State Board of Chiropractic Examiners was created by an Act of the General Assembly in 1920. The Board is composed of three practicing chiropractors who must be residents of the State, be graduated from a resident course in chiropractic, and have practiced chiropractic in the State for a period of a least, five consecutive years. The Governor appoints one member each year from a list of five names, including the incumbent member, which list has been submitted to him by the Maryland Chiropractic Association, and which members shall serve for a period of three years (Code 1947, Supp. Art. 43, sec. 442). MARYLAND MANUAL 125

The Board examines applicants for license, investigates all complaints, and if necessary reports same to the State’s Attorney.

Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Fees and Licenses $2,280 $2,280 Staff: None o STATE BOARD OF EXAMINERS AND REGISTRATION OF ARCHITECTS Chairman: W. Twilley Malone, 1953 Lucius R. White, Secretary-Treasurer, 1945; Allan Burton, 1952; Louis McLane Fischer, 1951; Benjamin Frank, 1949. T. Worth Jamison, Executive Secretary 8 E. Mulberry Street, Baltimore 2 Telephone: Lexington 3448 The State Board of Examiners and Registration of Architects was established in 1935. The five-member Board is appointed by the Gov- ernor. The term of each member is five years; the term of one member expiring each year. Appointees to the Board must have been engaged in the independent practice of Architecture for at least ten years, and at least three of the members must be graduates of approved schools of Architecture. The Chairman of the Board is designated by the Governor. The Board passes upon all matters Per- taining to the registration of Architects in the State of Maryland. All persons seeking to practice Architecture in the State must submit to an examination or provide satisfactory evidence of their qualifications to the Board before being registered and licensed to practice (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 459). Receipts: (estimated) — 1948 1949 Licenses, examination, and registration $4,300 $4,300 Staff: 2 (part time) o BOARD OF REGISTRATION FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS Chairman: A. G. Christie, 1949 John W. Gore, 1953; S. S. Steinberg, 1951; Shepperd T. Powell, 1952; J. R. Baker, Secretary, 1950. 1616 Lexington Building, Baltimore 1 Telephone: Plaza 5175, Ext. 50 The Board of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors was established in 1939. The Board consists of five members appointed by the Governor for terms of five years, the term of one member expiring each year. Land Surveyors and Professional Engineers wishing to practice in the State of Maryland must apply to the Board for a certificate, supplying with their application evidence of their qualifications both in terms of experience and training. Except when the passing of a written examination is mandatory, it is within the discretion of the Board whether or not a particular applicant need take an examination. Through the cooperation of the local chapters of the engineering fraternities, the Board seeks to secure voluntary compliance with the law and the maintenance of the ethical standards of the profession. The Board is a member of the National Council of State Boards of Engineering Examiners which aids in the reciprocal 126 MARYLAND MANUAL licensing of Engineers and seeks to promote uniform standards of licensing in all States (Code 1939, Art. 75%, sec. 3). Publications: Roster of Registered Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors. Appropriations: None 1948 1949 Specialo ^Fees $2,195 $2,195 Staff: None

STATE BOARD OF PHYSICAL THERAPY EXAMINERS Chairman: R. H. Riley, M.D., Dr.P.H., 1953 W. Richard Ferguson, M.D., 1950; H. Alvan Jones, M.D., 1949; Gordon D. McLean, D.Ph.T., 1952; Marjorie L. Temple, 1951. James P. Slicher, Secretary 2411 North Charles Street, Baltimore 18 Telephone; University 4280 The Board of Physical Therapy Examiners was created by the Gen- eral Assembly in 1947 (Code 1947, Art. 43, sec. 533). The Gov- ernor appoints five members. This Board examines, registers, and licenses physical therapists. Of the original appointees one was appointed for a term of one year, one for a term of two years, one for a terni of three years, one for a term of four years, and one for a term of five years. In the future, appointments will be made for terms of five years and members are to be selected from lists submitted by the State Board of Physical Therapy Examiners. 1948 1949 Appropriations $1300 Staff: None -o- REGIONAL COMMISSIONS THE MARYLAND-NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION Chairman: Irwin I. Main, 1951 Vice-Chairman and Park Commissioner: E, Brooke Lee 1951 Herbert W. Wells, 1949; Richard F. Green, 1949; Robert M. Watkins, 1949; Clarence C. Reiser, 1949. Jesse F. Nicholson, Secretary-Treasurer 8500 Colesville Road, Silver Spring Telephone: Sheperd 1480 This Commission has general planning and park jurisdiction over the Maryland-Washington Metropolitan District created in 1927 and the Maryland-Washington Regional District created in 1939. Both districts are within Montgomery and Prince George’s Counties ad- joining the District of Columbia and embrace approximately 312 square miles. The 1948 estimated population of the Regional Districts exceeds 200,000 people. The estimated taxable basis of the Montgomery County portion of the Regional District is $176,954,340. The estimated taxable basis of “e P™ce George’s County portion of the Regional District is MARYLAND MANUAL 127

The Commission has been given, through bi-county enactments of the Maryland General Assembly, definite jurisdiction over the planning of the Maryland-Washington Regional District, which includes all of the suburban Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties and a considerable portion of agricultural Montgomery County. The Commission is composed of six members appointed by the Governor. Two members must be residents and taxpayers of that portion of the Maryland-Washington Metropolitan District within Montgomery County; one may be a resident of any part of Montgom- ery County; two must be residents and taxpayers of that portion of the District within Prince George’s County; and one may be a resident of any part of Prince George’s County. Members have six-year overlapping terms, the terms of two of the first appointees from each county having been for four years. The Commission appoints a Secretary-Treasurer and a General Counsel. Regional Offices are maintained in both counties. Within the Maryland-Washington Metropolitan District, the Com- mission is empowered to acquire, develop, maintain, and operate a park system with recreational facilities, the expense of which is paid from a separate park tax levied within the District. A recreational program has been authorized in the parks and other public places, revenue for which may be obtained from a special recreation tax or county grants. The Commission is authorized to cooperate and negotiate with Federal agencies for financial assistance under the terms of the Capper-Cramton Act, and with other agencies in the park development program. Within the Maryland-Washington Regional District, which includes and extends beyond the Metropolitan District, the Commission is empowered to make, adopt, and amend a general plan for the physical development of the District, including all factors of urban, suburban, rural, and regional planning. Plans and specifications for the construction of public works improvements and facilities are authorized to be prepared by the Commission. It is given specific sub-division control power, and jurisdiction over building inspection and permits, over street grades and locations, public buildings and utilities after the adoption of a major road plan, over street naming and house re- numbering, and the Commission has advisory zoning powers. The zoning ordinances and amendments, however, are enacted by the respective Boards of County Commissioners sitting as a District Council for that, portion of the District within each County. The Commission recommends land use or zoning ordinance building regulations and similar ordinance subject matters to the respective District Councils. The Building Inspector’s departments of both counties function under the jurisdiction of this Commission. The administrative expenses of the Commission are paid from an administrative tax levied within the District. The taxes levied by the Commission which are collected by the County Treasurer in each of the two Counties are as follows: Montgomery County: Regional District: Administrative Tax: 3^/$100 Metropolitan District: Administrative tax: 3^/$100 Park Tax: T^/^lOO Recreation Tax: 5?S/$100 Total: 15tf/$100 128 MARYLAND MANUAL

Prince George’s County: Regional District: Administrative Tax: 3tf/$100 Metropolitan District: Administrative Tax: 3tf/$100 Park Tax: 5^!/$100 8

The dam was not completed. The authority of Federal officials has been secured, however, to continue construction during the Fiscal Year 1949. The special tax levy authorized has been held in abeyance until the completion of the project (Acts 1935, Ch. 409. Acts 1936, Ch. 6. Acts 1939, Ch. 143. Acts 1947, Ch. 165). 1949 Appropriations: Federal Funds $400,000 Staff: None -o-

INTERSTATE BODIES

MARYLAND COOPERATION COMMISSION Honorary Members: William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor Joseph R. Byrnes, President of the Senate C. Ferdinand Sybert, Speaker of the House of Delegates. Governor’s Committee: Chairman: Bertram Lee Boone, II, Secretary of State Hall Hammond, Attorney General Walter N. Kirkman, Director Department of Budget and Procurement Henry P. Irr, Chairman Maryland State Planning Com- mission. Senate Committee on Intergovernmental Cooperation: Chairman: L. Harold Sothoron Wilmer C. Carter, Vice Chairman; Stanford Hoff, David Kenneth McLaughlin. House Committee on Intergovernmental Cooperation: Chairman: Albert L. Sklar Charles M. Bandiere, Vice Chairman Harry I. Warren, Charles M. See, Earle R. Burkins. The Maryland Cooperation Commission consists of three separate and distinct Committees, which collectively act as the Commission; in addition there are three Honorary, ex-officio, non-voting members. The Honorary Members are the Governor, the President of the State Senate and the Speaker of the House of Delegates. The three Com- mittees are (1) The Governor’s Committee, which consists of four ex- officio members, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Director of the Department of Budget and Procurement, and the Chairman of the Maryland State Planning Commission; (2) The Senate Committee, and (3) The House Committee, both of which are regular standing committees of the two branches of the General Assembly. It is the function of this Commission to carry forward the participation of the State as a member of the Council of State Governments, to encourage and assist the legislative, executive, administrative and judicial officials and employees of this State to develop and maintain MARYLAND MANUAL 131 friendly contact with officials and employees of the other States, of the Federal government and of local units of government; to en- deavor to advance cooperation between this State and other units of government, whenever it deems it advisable to do so, formulating proposals for, and facilitating the adoption of compacts, the enactment of uniform or reciprocal statutes or administrative rules or regulations, the cooperation of governmental officials and officers with one another and to take such other steps as it may deem advisable to assist in bringing the various governments in the United States into closer contact, and in developing the Council of State Governments for this purpose. The Commission is authorized to establish such delegations and committees as it deems advisable, for the purpose of conferring and formulating proposals concerning effective means to secure intergovernmental harmony and is requested by the creating Act to report to the Governor and to the Legislature within fifteen days after the convening of each regular session and at. other times deemed appropriate (Code 1939, Art. 40, secs. 16-22). 1948 1949 Appropriations $4,000 $4,000 Staff: None o

ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Commissioners from the State of Maryland: John E. Clark, Chairman, Commission of Tidewater Fisheries; Louis L. Goldstein, Member of the State Senate; Appointed by the Governor: Carl Veach, 1950. Wayne Heydecker, Secretary 415 Lexington Ave., N. Y. 17, N. Y. Telephone: Murray Hill 2-0912 The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission is an outgrowth of the “Eastern Seaboard Conservation Conferences” begun in 1937. A compact was drawn up and ratified by seven states, including Mary- land, in 1941. This compact which was approved by the United States Congress and signed by the President in 1942 is the legal basis of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission which today is joined by thirteen Eastern Seaboard States. Each State is represented by three Commissioners, one of whom must be the Chairman or director of the Fisheries Management Agency, one a legislator and a member of the Interstate Cooperative Committee; and the third selected by the Governor. The Commission acts in an advisory capacity only, aiding in the development of (1) Uniform marine fisheries conservation laws; (2) adequate statistical programs regarding tidal and ocean fisheries; (3) a marine fisheries educational program, and (4) fisheries management, and stabilization programs. To accomplish these ends, the Commission usually meets in panels for the consideration of a particular species of fish or group of species; or in four regional groups as follows: (1) the North At- lantic States, (2) the Middle Atlantic States, (3) the Chesapeake Bay Area, and (4) the South Atlantic States. The technical advice and research facilities of the United States Fish and Wildlife service is available to the Commission and its member states. The Com- mission is supported by contributions from each of the participating states, such contributions being proportional to the value of the 132 MARYLAND MANUAL

State’s annual marine fisheries catch as compared with the total Atlantic catch for the same season (Code 1947 Supp. Art. 39, secs. 26A-26F). „ „ 1948 1949 Appropriation from Maryland $1,500 $1,500 Staff: 2

THE BI-STATE CHESAPEAKE-POTOMAC STUDY COMMISSION Members for the State of Maryland: Robert H. Archer, William F. Hilgenberg, Frederick W. C. Webb. Members for the State of Virginia: C. O’Conor Goolrick, Tayloe Murphy, William W. Williams. C. O’Conor Goolrick, Chairman Robert H. Archer, Vice Chairman David H. Wallace, Secretary State Office Building, Annapolis Telephone: Annapolis 2351 The Bi-State Chesapeake Potomac Commission is composed of six members, three appointed by the Governor of Maryland and three by the Governor of Virginia. The participation of Maryland in the Com- mission was authorized by Joint Resolution Number 3 of the Gen- eral Assembly in 1947. The Commission was directed to restudy the Compact, of 1785 and the concurrent legislation of each State enacted under the Compact; and to determine the need for additional legislation, reciprocal legislation, or additional inter-state agencies. The Commission has held public hearings in Maryland and Virginia, con- sulted wth federal authorities and the authorities of the departments in each State having jurisdiction over tidewater fisheries. Additional hearings will be held in each State during the coming year. Publications: Report on Fish and Shellfish in the Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River, Washington, D. C., January, 1948. Appropriations: 1948 State of Maryland $1,000 State of Virginia $1,000 o

INTER-STATE COMMISSION ON THE POTOMAC RIVER BASIN Representatives from the State of Maryland: William Preston Lane, Jr., Governor; L. Harold Sothoron, 1949; George F. Hazlewood, 1949. 17th at H Streets, N.W., Washington 5 Telephone: National 3230 The Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin was established by an Act of Congress in 1940, and the compact was ratified by the participating states shortly thereafter. The Commission is composed of representatives from the United States Government, the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The Representatives from Maryland include the Governor, and two members, who are residents of the Potomac MARYLAND MANUAL 133 River Conservancy District, appointed by the Governor for a term of two years (Code 1939, Art. 43, sec. 392). The Commission has jurisdiction over the Potomac River Conservancy District, created by the enabling Act. The District embraces an area of approximately 14,000 square miles with an estimated population of 2,000,000. The duties of the Commission are (1) to coordinate, tabulate, and sum- marize existing data on the character, pollution, and condition of streams in the Conservancy District; (2) to supplement existing data, when necessary, by conducting investigations; (3) to promote adoption by the signatory bodies of uniform legislation for the control of stream pollution; (4) to disseminate information to the public on the effects of stream pollution and the objectives of the Commis- sion; (5) to cooperate with other organizations in, and conduct, if advisable, studies of treatment methods for sewage and industrial wastes; (6) to recommend to signatory bodies standards for cleanli- ness of streams. The Commission is financed by appropriations from each of the participating bodies. Publications: An Appraisal of Land and Water Resources of the Potomac River Basin, 19A6 The Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin: Its Policy and Program, 19A6 Fifth Annual Report, 19A6 Water Quality Criteria, 19A7 Water Treatment Guide, 19U7 A Program for Pollution Abatement, 19A7 1949 Appropriations* • .. from„ State of Mary- 1948 land $6,000 $4,500

Legislature Of Maryland

LEGISLATURE General Assembly. 137 Legislative Council - 139 Roster of Members 140 Biographical Sketches.

MARYLAND MANUAL 137 LEGISLATURE

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Joseph R. Byknes, President of the Senate C. Ferdinand Sybert, Speaker, House of Delegates The legislative powers of the State of Maryland are vested in the General Assembly which consists of two distinct branches, the Senate and the House of Delegates (Const. 1867, Art. Ill, sec. 1). The General Assembly at the present time consists of 152 members: 29 Senators and 123 members of the House of Delegates. Each County and each of the six Legislative Districts of the City of Baltimore is entitled to one Senator. The members of the House of Delegates are elected by Counties and the number of Delegates from each County is determined by its population. Counties having a population of less than 18,000 .2 delegates 18,000-28,000 .3 delegates 28.000- 4.4 delegates 0,000 40.000- 5.5 delegates 5,000 55.000- a.6 delegates nd over Each of the Legislative Districts of Baltimore City is entitled to the number of delegates accorded the most populous county of the State (III, 2, 4). Every Senator or Delegate must be a citizen of the State, and a resident of it for at least three years preceding the date of his election and the last year thereof, he must have resided in the County or Legislative District of Baltimore City from which he has been elected. A Senator must be at least twenty-five years of age at the time of his election and a Delegate at least twenty-one. No member of Congress or any person holding a civil or military office under the United States Government nor any clergyman or minister shall be eligible for election to the General Assembly (III, 9, 10, 11). The term of each Senator and Delegate shall be for four years from the date of his election (XVII). All vacancies occurring in either House through death, resignation or disqualification shall be filled by the Governor, who shall appoint a person whose name is submitted to him m writing by the State Central Committee of the party to which the person holding the vacated seat belonged, and the person appointed must be affiliated with that party. All persons so appointed shall serve for the unexpired portion of the term (III, 13, amended November 1936). Each House shall elect its own officers and shall be judge of its own members and shall establish rules for the conduct of its business. The General Assembly meets bi-ennially on the first Wednesday of January m each odd number year (XVII, 6). Each session is limited to ninety days. The Governor may convene the General Assembly in special or extraordinary session at any time he may deem it necessary. The General Assembly is required to pass at each regular session a budget bill which shall contain the budget for the State Government for each of the fiscal years of the biennium. Upon the passage of the bill by both houses, it becomes law without further action (III, 52). 138 MARYLAND MANUAL

The General Assembly has power to pass such laws as are necessary for the welfare of the State, and in addition it has the power to pass public local laws for counties, towns, or special taxing areas. The General Assembly may establish such departments of the State Gov- ernment as are necessary for its efficient operation and may establish special taxing districts or areas within the State for the purpose of administering a special function or functions. The General Assembly may establish such taxes as are in accordance with the Constitution of the State and of the United States. It may propose amendments to the State Constitution, which must be embodied in a regular legislative bill and passed by three-fifths of the total membership of each House. All amendments to the Constitution must be submitted to the voters at the next general election after its passage. All bills passed by the General Assembly become Law when signed by the Governor or passed over his veto by three-fifths of the Member- ship of each House, on the first day of June after the session in which the Law was passed; except, (1) when a later date is specified in the Act or (2) when the bill is declared an emergency measure and passed by three-fifths of the total number of members of each house, at which time the bill becomes law immediately upon its approval by the Governor. Any bill, excepting an appropriation bill, may be submitted to a referendum either by action of the General Assembly as provided by the Act, or upon the petition of 10,000 qualified voters of the State of whom not more than one-half shall be resident in Baltimore City or in any one of the counties; excepting in cases of Public Local Laws which shall be submitted to a referendum upon a petition of ten percent of the qualified voters of the county, or of the City of Baltimore as the case may be. No bill subject to a referendum shall be enforce- able until approval by a majority of the voters at the election in which the referred bill is voted upon, except an emergency bill which shall be effective immediately but shall not be effective after thirty days of its rejection by the voters (XVI). The House of Delegates shall have sole power of impeachment of any officer of the State. A bill of impeachment must be approved by a majority of the whole number of members of the House. The Senate shall try all impeachment cases, and a verdict of guilty must be con- curred in by two-thirds of the total number of Senators (III, 26). The Senate has the additional power to confirm officers appointed by the Governor as may be provided by the Constitution or by the act creating such office. The State Treasurer is elected by a joint ballot of both Houses every fourth year. The General Assembly shall also elect the Gov- ernor in case of tie or ineligibility of the winning candidate; and should the office become vacant while it is in session, then the Gen- eral Assembly shall elect a successor. Otherwise, the President of the Senate succeeds to the office until the next regular session. Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds $193,100 $368,383 Staff: 42. MARYLAND MANUAL 139

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL Chairman : Joseph R. Byrnes, President of the Senate. Vice Chairman : C. Ferdinand Sybert, Speaker of the House. Members from the Senate: Ex-officio Members: William P. Bolton, Chairman of Com- mittee on Judicial Proceedings; L. Harold Sothoron, Chair- man Finance Committee; Robert B. Kimble, Minority Floor Leader. Appointed Members: George W. Beck, George W. Della, Louis L. Goldstein, Stanford Hoff, J. Otis McAllister, Paul G. Stromberg. Members from the House of Delegates : Ex-officio Members: Leroy Pumphrey, Chairman Ways and Means Committee; Bernard S. Melnicove, Chairman Judiciary Committee; Jacob R. Ramsburg, Minority Floor Leader. Appointed Members: A. Gordon Boone, John W. Chaires, Anders R. Lofstrand, Jr., John C. Luber, Jerome Robinson, Wells W. Todd. Horace E. Flack, Secretary and Research Director Carl N. Everstine, Research Assistant City Hall Guilford at Fayette Street Baltimore, 2 Telephone: Plaza 2000 The Legislative Council was established by the General Assembly in 1939. The Council consists of twenty members, ten from the State Senate and ten from the House of Delegates. The President of the Senate, the Chairman of the Committee on Judicial Proceedings, the Chairman of the Finance Committee, and the Minority Floor Leaders are ex-officio members from the Senate. The President of the Senate appoints the remaining six members, at. least two of whom shall be from the Minority Party; the appointments are subject to approval by majority vote of the Senate. The Speaker of the House of Dele- gates, the Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, the Chair- man of the Judiciary Committee, and the Minority floor leaders are ex-officio members from the House. The Speaker appoints the remaining six members, at least two of whom shall be from the Minority Party; the appointments being subject to approval by majority vote of the House. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House serve as Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Council respectively. The Council meets in the interim between the regular sessions of the General Assembly to study previously enacted legislation, making any amendments thereto; to recommend a program of legislation in the form of proposed bills, and to study the rules of both Houses of the General Assembly and suggest such revisions as may be necessary to expedite the business of the Legislature. To carry out these functions, the Council receives recommendations from the various State agencies, bar associations, labor unions and other organized groups and private individuals. Hearings are held on legislative proposals and the Council may subpoena witnesses and records. 140 MARYLAND MANUAL

RESEARCH DIVISION A Research Division was established for the purpose of making legal and factual studies of legislation or proposed legislation referred to the Division by the Council. The Division also prepares studies on any matters which may be referred to it by any committee or commission appointed by the Council, or by either or both Houses of the General Assembly, and with the consent of the Council, by any Com- mission or Committee appointed by the Governor (Code 1939, 1947 Supp. Art 40, sec. 26). Publications: Proposed Bills Submitted to the General Assembly, 1947 Report to the General Assembly of 19b7 Research Reports: Divorce in Maryland, 1946 The Compact of 1785. 1946 Appropriations: 1948 1949 General Funds: $40,000 $40,000 Staff: 2. o

ROSTER OF MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND 1947 -1949 SENATE BALTIMORE CITY First Legislative District Louis T. Hofferbert.. D 822 S. Conkling St. Second Legislative District Hubert P. Barton D 801 N. Charles St. Third Legislative District Wilmer C. Carter. D 2833 N. Calvert St. Fourth Legislative District Daniel Ellison. R 3424 Auchentoroly Terrace Fifth Legislative District Joseph R. Byrnes D 602 N. Augusta Ave. Sixth Legislative District George W. Della D _.120 W. Ostend St. ALLEGANY COUNTY Robert B. Kimble R Queen City Hotel, Cumberland ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY Wilbur R. Dulin D Arnold BALTIMORE COUNTY William P. Bolton D, .608 Baltimore Ave., Towson MARYLAND MANUAL 141

CALVERT COUNTY Louis L. Goldstein D Prince Frederick CAROLINE COUNTY George W. Beck D Denton CARROLL COUNTY Stanford Hoff R Westminster CECIL COUNTY Guy Johnson .D. 227 E. Main St., Elkton CHARLES COUNTY James B. Monroe. .R Waldorf DORCHESTER COUNTY J. Otis McAllister R Vienna FREDERICK COUNTY Edward D. Storm D. 2 E. Church St., Frederick GARRETT COUNTY Lawrence M. Fraley. R Oakland HARFORD COUNTY Howard S. O’Neill R Bel Air HOWARD COUNTY P. G. Stromberg Dt Ellicott City KENT COUNTY Robert A. Shallcross D Rock Hall MONTGOMERY COUNTY Roy Tasco Davis R 2802 Linden Lane, Silver Spring PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY L. Harold Sothoron D 4320 Woodbury St., University Pk. QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY Percy E. Thomas D Chester ST. MARY’S COUNTY Paul J. Bailey R Clements SOMERSET COUNTY Harry T. Phoebus R Princess Anne TALBOT COUNTY Henry Herbert Balch D Easton WASHINGTON COUNTY David K. McLaughlin R. 76 E. Irvin Ave., Hagerstown WICOMICO COUNTY Wallace H. White D Salisbury WORCESTER COUNTY Thomas F. Johnson D Snow Hill 142 MARYLAND MANUAL

HOUSE OF DELEGATES BALTIMORE CITY First Legislative District Joseph A. Bertorelli .D 314 S. High St. James J. Duffy. .D 2307 Eastern Ave. Chester G. Kosakowski .D 434 S. Bond St. Edward R, Milanicz .D 1803 Aliceanna St. Benjamin A. Mrozinski .D_ 504 S. Bradford St. James J. Silk .D. 720 S. Curley St. Second Legislative District Lawrence W. Ament D 619 N. Castle St. C. Lyman Schueler. D 1204 N. Luzerne Ave. Thomas J. McKewen, Jr .D 1027 Greenmount Ave. Rose Marie Murphy. .D 901 E. Biddle St. John W. Valis .D 2216 Jefferson St. Ben Weintraub .D 1730 E. Fayette St. Third Legislative District Edward J. Albers .D _..2407 E. Federal St. J. Raymond Buffington, Jr. .D 520 Radnor Ave. Thomas F. Dempsey. .D 15 York Court Francis X. Dippel .D 3732 Echodale Ave. William C. O’Malley. .1).... 3037 Northern Pkwy. Chester W. Tawney. .D 3024 N. Calvert St. Fourth Legislative District Aaron W. Shapiro -D...._ 1628 N. Bentalou St. Bernard S. Melnicove D...... Temple Garden Apts. S. Pete Pollack. D 2031 Ruxton Ave. Jerome Robinson .D 720 Reservoir St. Maurice T. Siegel .D._ 2643 Loyola Northway Albert L. Sklar D 3320 Burleith Ave. Fifth Legislative District Charles F. Argabright D 4626 Schenley Rd. Charles M. Bandiere. D 4703 Norwood Ave. Leo C. Geraghty D 3224 Gwynns Falls Pkwy. John C. Luber. .D 4001 W. Franklin St. Leroy W. Preston D 4326 Falls Rd. Hugh A. Kennedy .D 2810 Winchester St. Sixth Legislative District Henry T. Baynes .D 781 Washington Blvd. J. Bernard Garrick, Jr .D 4501 Frederick Ave. Joseph A. Curry. .D 1435 Battery Ave. Thomas P. Fallon .D 1322 Hull St. LeRoy Frederick -D 110 Warren Ave. Charles C. Griffin D 319 S. Mount St. ALLEGANY COUNTY Noel Speir Cook -R. 5 Broadway, Frostburg John T. Fey R... R.F.D. No. 3, Cumberland William H. Geppert .R. 952 Braddock Rd., Cumberland Lester B. Reed .R Mt. Savage Charles M. See .R.. 509 Maryland Ave., Cumberland Horace P. Whitworth, Jr... R Westemport MARYLAND MANUAL 143

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY Ralph L. Lowman D.. 208 11th Ave., Brooklyn Park Henry C. Wigley D.. Millersville John F. McNulty. D.. Linthicum Hgts. George T. Murray, Sr D.. Odenton William F. Stromeyer. D., .214 Prince George St., Annapolis Clarence E. Tyler D., 519 Sixth St., Eastport BALTIMORE COUNTY Paul M. Beckwith D. 90 Admiral Blvd., Dundalk A. Gordon Boone D.. Ruxton, Towson 4 W. Albert Menchine D. ...515 Sussex Road, Baltimore Edward B. Rockenbaugh D.. ...901 Leeds Ave., Halethorpe Maurice F. Ensor, Sr D.. .6 Reservoir Road, Pikesville Harry I. Warren D.. Ruxton, Towson 4 CALVERT COUNTY John W. Hall R Lusby James E. Hance. D Mutual CAROLINE COUNTY Dorsey W. Banning D Preston G. Arthur McDaniel R Federalsburg CARROLL COUNTY C. Ray Barnes R... Winfield Joseph H. Hahn, Jr R... .Westminster Donald E. Six R...... Middleburg Carroll C. Smith R... Hampstead CECIL COUNTY George Benson D~ Chesapeake City Merton S. Jackson R... Perryville J. Gifford Scarborough D... .157 E. Main St., Elkton CHARLES COUNTY R. Vernon Cooksey R Mt. Victoria J. Franklin Winkler R La Plata DORCHESTER COUNTY D. Floyd Brinsfield D. Rhodesdale, R.F.D. Alan Webb D. Vienna John Wesley Horner. R. Choptank Ave., Cambridge Frederick C. Malkus, Jr D. Church St., Cambridge FREDERICK COUNTY Horace M. Alexander R 419 W. South St., Frederick Melvin H. Derr R 609 Magnolia Ave., Frederick William E. Hauver ■D Myersville Joseph B. Payne..- ■R Brunswick Jacob R. Ramsburg R. 448 E. Patrick St., Frederick C. Clifton Virts D. 6 E. Second St., Frederick GARRETT COUNTY George E. Coddington... R ; Oakland Ronald E. Mclntire. R Oakland Jasper C. Myers R Kitzmiller 144 MARYLAND MANUAL

HARFORD COUNTY Earle R. Burkins.... D.. Bel Air J. Rush Baldwin— D.. Glenville James J. DeRan, Jr D... Street William S. James D... Bel Air HOWARD COUNTY L. Edwin Carr D... Savage C. Ferdinand Sybert D... .Ellicott City KENT COUNTY Roger B. Harris D... .Chester town Frank B. Jester. D... Rock Hall MONTGOMERY COUNTY R. Duncan Clark R 21 W. Irving St., Chevy Chase DeWitt S. Hyde R 5304 Elm St., Bethesda Julian P. King.. R Cedar Grove, Rt. 1, Germantown Anders R. Lofstrand R Rockville John R. Reeves R 6915 Arlington Rd., Bethesda Leona M. Rush .R...115-B W. Woodbine St., Chevy Chase PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY T. Raymond Burch D 4815 Ruatan St., Berwyn William H. McGrath D 6704 C St., Washington 19, D. C. George Gerald McLeish D 6220 Annapolis Rd., Hyattsville LeRoy Pumphrey D Marlboro Napoleon B. Steward D 322 Prince George St., Laurel Perry O. Wilkinson— D.... 4013 Jefferson St., Hyattsville QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY Albert I. Baker D ..Queenstown E. Clyde Walls D Church Hill ST. MARY’S COUNTY Oliver Robert Guyther. D. Mechanicsville Joseph A. Mattingly. D. Leonardtown SOMERSET COUNTY Carl P. Hoffman R. Wenona Wells W. Todd R Crisfield Lewis F. Ward —R. Crisfield TALBOT COUNTY John W. Chaires D- Queen Anne Carroll Lowe D McDaniel Ira C. Nelson R. Trappe WASHINGTON COUNTY Howard E. Ankeney. D. Clearspring Myron L. Bloom — D Lydia Simon L. Downey R.- W illiamsport George D. Hicks R.....538 N. Mulberry St., Hagerstown John B. Huyett D..753W. Washington St., Hagerstown John N. Newcomer. R Hagerstown MARYLAND MANUAL 145

WICOMICO COUNTY Harry L. Messick D Tyaskin Mary L. Nock D 1209 Camden Ave., Salisbury Charles J. Potts D 1501 Russell Ave., Salisbury Edw. Homer White, Jr D 609 Camden Ave., Salisbury WORCESTER COUNTY Rillie P. Dennis D Berlin E. Peter Richardson D Berlin Ralph E. Shockley D..„ Snow Hill Democrats Republicans Total Senate 18 11 29 House 87 36 123 105 47 152 Democratic Majority in Senate 7 Democratic Majority in House. 51 Democratic Majority on Joint Ballot 58 ——o GENERAL ASSEMBLY BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MEMBERS Note: Legislative biographies were written from materials supplied by the members themselves on a special form provided by the Hall of Records. When these forms were not returned, biographies were written from materials which had previously been supplied to the Department of Legislative Reference. Biographies in the latter category are marked by an asterisk. SENATE Paul J. Bailey, Republican, St. Mary’s County; born in Washing- ton, D. C., October 30, 1905. He attended the public schools of the District of Columbia and the Washington College of Law, graduating in 1933; he is a member of the Bar of Maryland and the District of Columbia and also a professional musician. He is a former Justice of the Peace and former member of the Republican State Central Committee. Elected to the Senate in 1946. *Henry Herbert Balch, Democrat, Talbot County; born Oct. 25, 1892. Attorney; former State’s Attorney, Talbot County; elected to the Senate 1946. ’’’Hubert P. Barton, Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; born December 18, 1900. Engaged in automobile accessories business. Elected to Senate 1946. George W. Beck, Sr., Democrat, Caroline County; born in Denton, Maryland, March 15, 1898. He attended the public schools of Caroline County and Goldey Business College, Wilmington, Delaware, from which he graduated in 1916. He is an automobile dealer. A former Commissioner of Denton, 1935-1947, member of the State Central Committee, 1938-48; he was elected to the Senate in 1946. 146 MARYLAND MANUAL

William P. Bolton, Democrat, Baltimore County; born in White- ford, Maryland, July 2, 1885. He attended the public school at White- ford and St. Francis School in Towson before entering the University of Baltimore from which he graduated in 1909; admitted to the Bar the same year, and is now engaged in active legal practice. He served as Trial Magistrate in Towson 1942-1946, entering the Senate in 1947. During the War he served as Appeal Agent for the Local Selective Service Board and as a member of the State Appeal Board in 1944. Joseph R. Byrnes, President of the Senate, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Baltimore, May 9, 1900. He attended the public schools of that city, Loyola College, John Hopkins University, and the Uni- versity of Baltimore, from which he graduated in 1931. He was admitted to the Bar the following year and is now engaged in active legal practice. Prior to his admittance to the Bar he was Clerk of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore. He served as Chairman of a Selective Service Advisory Board during the War, as a member of the Maryland Commission on Juvenile Delinquency, 1941. Elected to the Senate in 1942, he served as Chairman of the Judicial Proceedings Committee. He was elected President of the Senate in 1947. Wilmer C. Carter, Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; born in Baltimore, February 12, 1892. He attended the public schools of Baltimore and Johns Hopkins University. He is engaged in the insurance business. Entered the Senate in 1939. Roy Tasco Davis, Republican, Montgomery County; born June 24, 1889 in Ewing, Missouri. Educated in the public schools of Missouri and Brown University, from which he graduated in 1910. An edu- cator, he is director of the Inter-American Schools Service of the American Council on Education; he has served as Assistant to the President of Stephens College, Columbia, Missouri, 1934-1937, and as President of National Park College, Silver Spring, 1937-1942. He has served as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Guate- mala, Costa Rica and Panama, 1921-1933; Mediator of the Guate- malan-Honduras Boundary Dispute, 1928; U. S. Delegate to Inter- national Radio Conference at Mexico City, 1933; appointed non- national member Guatemalan Commission on Arbitration and Conciliation, 1935; Member of Mission for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to Columbia and Ecuador, 1942-1943; Chairman of the Commission to study the Educational System of Bolivia, 1944. Elected to Senate 1946. George W. Della, Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born in Baltimore, February 9, 1908, attending the public schools of that City and Balti- more City College, graduating 1927; he attended the University of Baltimore Law School and was admitted to the Bar in 1935. He was elected to the Senate in 1938. Wilbur R. Dulin, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born in An- napolis, June 9, 1909. He attended the public schools of Anne Arundel County; St. John’s College, graduating in 1927; the University of Maryland, and was admitted to the Bar in 1936. He is currently engaged in legal practice in Annapolis. Mr. Dulin served as a member of the House of Delegates 1935-39; Chairman Anne Arundel Liquor License Commission, 1939-1940; and was elected to the Senate in 1942. During the War, he held a commission as First Lieutenant in the Maryland State Guard. MARYLAND MANUAL 147 Daniel Ellison, Republican, Baltimore 4th; born in Baltimore, February 14, 1886; educated in the public schools of Baltimore and attended John Hopkins University, graduating in 1909. Attorney. He was a member of Baltimore City Council, 1923-1942; member of 78th Congress of the U.S., representing the 4th Congressional District, 1943-1945; member of Baltimore Public Improvement Commission, 1946; elected to Senate 1946. * Lawrence M. Fraley, Republican, Garrett County; born March 20, 1892. Wholesale beverage distributor. He was Mayor of Oakland for ten years and member of the Town Council for six years, prior to his election to the Senate in 1946. He is a member of the Upper Potomac River Commission. Louis L. Goldstein, Democrat, Calvert County; born in Prince Frederick, March 14, 1913. He attended the Calvert County public schools and Washington College, Chestertown, graduating in 1931, and the University of Maryland Law School; admitted to the Bar 1940. He was a member of the House of Delegates 1938-1942; elected to the Senate in 1946. During World War II, he served with the United States Marine Corps (1942-46) in the Philippine and Asiatic Theatres. He is a Commissioner from Maryland on the At- lantic States Marine Fisheries Commission. Stanford Hoff, Republican, Carroll County; born in Westminster, March 31, 1911; attended the public schools of Westminster, Western Maryland College, and the University of Maryland Law School, graduating in 1934. Attorney. He was member of the House of Delegates 1939-1942; elected to the Senate in 1946; he is a member of the Legislative Council. During World War II, he served with the 36th Field Artillery and the 77th Divsiion Artillery in the Asiatic and Pacific Theaters; entering as a First Lieutenant, he was discharged a Lieutenant Colonel. Louis T. Hofferbert, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; bom in Baltimore, December 4, 1906. Attended Sacred Heart School. Manager of Sta- tionery Department. Member of Senate 1947. Guy Johnson, Democrat, Cecil County; born in Elkton, May 18, 1878. Attended the public schools of Cecil County and Elkton Acad- emy; extension courses at Johns Hopkins University and the Uni- versity of Delaware. Principal of the high schools at Northeast, Chesapeake City, and Elkton. Elected to Senate in 1946. Thomas F. Johnson, Democrat, Worcester County; bom in Snow Hill, June 26, 1909. Attended Staunton Military Academy and Uni- versity of Virginia. Attorney, admitted to the bar in 1933. He served as State’s Attorney for Worcester County 1934-1938; elected to Senate 1938. Robert B. Kimble, Republican, Allegany County; bom at Williams- port, Washington County, October 2, 1903. Member of the House of Delegates 1933; member of the Senate since 1935. James Otis McAllister, Republican, Dorchester County; bom in Vienna Maryland, August 17, 1904. Attended the public schools in Dorchester County; Strayer-Bryant-Stratton School, Baltimore; Wes- ley Jr. College, Dover, Delaware; and La Salle Extension University of Chicago. Admitted to the Bar in 1947. Treasurer of the Dorchester 148 MARYLAND MANUAL

Fertilizer Company of Cambridge. He has served as Assistant Post- master of Vienna, 1923-1928; Clerk, Dorchester County Commission- ers, 1939-1946; Director of Civilian Defense, Dorchester County, 1941-1946; and was elected to the Senate in 1946. David K. McLaughlin, Republican, Washington County; born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, October 17, 1905. Attended the public schools of Washington County and the Dickinson School of Law, graduating in 1928; admitted to the Bar the same year. From 1942 to 1946, he served with the U. S. Naval Air Force holding the rank of Lt. Commander. He is a former Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of Washington County. He was elected to the Senate in 1946. * James B. Monroe, Republican, Charles County; born August 17, 1904. Automobile dealer; he served in the House of Delegates 1935- 1945; elected to the Senate 1946. Howard S. O’Neil, Republican, Howard County; born in Balti- more, August 24, 1883. He attended parochial schools in Baltimore City, and the Law School of the University of Baltimore, graduating in 1943. He was admitted to the Bar in 1944; in addition to his law practice, he operates an insurance agency. He was elected to the Senate in 1946. Harry T. Phoebus, Republican, Somerset County; born at Oriole, Maryland, February 24, 1893; he attended the public schools at Oriole. He is an automobile dealer and engaged in the real estate business. He was a member of the House of Delegates 1917-1921; County Commissioner, Somerset County, 1921-1925; Treasurer, Som- erset County, 1925; State Senator 1934-1938; Commissioner of Labor and Statistics 1937; elected to the Senate 1946. Robert A. Shallcross, Democrat, Kent County; born at Chester- ville, Maryland, January 2, 1881. He attended the public school at Locust Grove. He operates a farm near Rock Hall. He served as Town Commissioner, Rock Hall, 1913-1914; Member House of Dele- gates, 1914-1915; Clerk of Kent County Court, 1927-1946; elected to Senate, 1946. *L. Harold Sothoron, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born June 8, 1896. Member of Maryland and District of Columbia Bars; engaged in legal practice in Washington. He has served as Corpora- tion Counsel for the towns of Seat Pleasant, and Brentwood. He is Chairman of the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin, member of the Maryland Cooperation Commission, and a member of the Council of State Governments, Member of the House of Delegates, 1935-1941; elected to the Senate 1942. Edward D. Storm, Democrat, Frederick County; born at Frederick, March 1, 1912. He attended the public schools of Frederick, the University of Virginia, graduating in 1932; and the Law School of the University of Maryland. He has been engaged in legal practice since his admittance to the Bar in 1938. He served with the United States Navy as a Lieutenant, 1943-1945. He has served as U. S. Conciliation Commissioner in Bankruptcy for Frederick and Wash- ington Counties, 1939-1941; Town Attorney Emmitsburg, 1945-1946; elected to the Senate 1946. MARYLAND MANUAL 149 Paul G. Stromberg, Democrat, Howard County; born at Clarks- ville, March 21, 1892. He attended the public schools of Ellicott City. He is a newspaper publisher, publishing: the Ellicott City Times; The Sentinel, of Rockville; the Herald Argus, of Catonsville; Community News, Reisterstown, and Community Press, Dundalk. From 1917- 1918, he served with the U. S. Army, enlisting in the Illinois National Guard and attended the first Officers Training School at Fort Logan Root; Commissioned 2nd Lieutenant; discharged as Captain, 1918. In 1941, Mr. Stromberg organized Company F, 7th Battalion, Mary- land State Guard and served as Commanding Officer until the Com- pany was deactivated in 1946. He was elected to the Senate in 1946. ♦Percy E. Thomas, Democrat, Queen Anne’s County; Residence: Chester. Wallace H. White, Democrat, Wicomico County; bom at Powell- ville, Maryland, January 15, 1887. Attended the public schools at Powellville and Charlotte Hall Academy. A former teacher, he is now Managing Editor of the Salisbury Advertiser. He has served as Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee since 1942- Senate 1948. o HOUSE OF DELEGATES Horace Markwood Alexander, Republican, Frederick County; born in Woodsboro, Frederick County, January 6, 1913. He was graduated from high school in West Carrollton, Ohio, and attended Man- chester College in Indiana. He is in the real estate and retail liquor busmess. Member of the City Police in Frederick, 1937-1938, Deputy Sheriff 1938-1940, and Sheriff of Frederick County, 1942-1946. Edward J. Albers, Democrat, Baltimore, 3rd; born in Baltimore, July 10, 1903; attended St. John’s School in Baltimore. Mr. Albers is a machinist, and also is in the real estate and insurance business. Between 1941-1945, he was a personnel consultant in Baltimore, and during World War II he was a manager for the local gasoline ra- tioning board. Member, House of Delegates, 1939-1941, elected a second time in 1946. Lawrence Westley Ament, Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; bom in Baltimore, May 25, 1895, and attended the Old White School and the Arlington School in Baltimore. Superintendent of building construction at Camp Dietricks, 1942. Employee of the Bureau of Building Inspection Baltimore City. During the first World War, he served with the 60th Infantry. Member, House of Delegates from 1935-1939. Howard Edwin Ankeney, Democrat, Washington County; born near Clear Spring, Maryland, August 12, 1903. Attended school at Charlton, Maryland. Merchant, and employed by Fairchild Aircraft Corporation, Hagerstown. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Charles F. Argabright, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born at Mc- Gaheysville, Virginia, June 1, 1884. Attended the public school at McGaheysville and Oak Hill Academy. An electrical contractor, he is currently employed as Electrical Inspector for the Housing Authority of Baltimore. From 1918-1919, he served with the U. S. Army, Trans- 150 MARYLAND MANUAL portation Corps, holding the rank of 1st Lieutenant. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Albert I. Baker, Democrat, Queen Anne’s County; born July 28, 1919 at Grasonville, Maryland. Attended public and private schools at Grasonville. Contractor. He served with the 64th AAA Company B as a Staff Sergeant from 1941-1946. J. Rush Baldwin, Democrat, Harford County; bom in Harford County, September 14, 1892. He attended the public schools of Balti- more County and the University of Maryland. Farmer. Member House of Delegates, 1947. Charles M. Bandiere, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Italy, May 29, 1892. Attended Central High School, Philadelphia, and Temple University. Realtor. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Member of the Maryland Post-War Commission 1942-1946; Baltimore Aviation Commission 1945-1946; Assistant to Manager, Baltimore Civilian Mobilization Committee 1942-1946. Dorsey W. Banning, Democrat, Caroline County; born September 27, 1886, at Cambridge, Maryland. Attended the public schools of Cambridge. Operator of service station. Member House of Delegates, 1939-1941; elected a second time in 1946. C. Ray Barnes, Republican, Carroll County; born at. Taylorsville, Maryland, September 15th, 1890. He attended the public schools of Carroll County. Farmer and Merchant. He was elected to the House of Delegates in 1926. Trustee of the Strawbridge Home for Boys and the Carroll County Historical Society; Director of the First National Bank of Mt. Airy and the Mt. Airy Building and Loan Association. Henry T. Baynes, Democrat, Baltimore, 6th; born in Baltimore, April 11, 1889. Attended the public schools of Baltimore. Florist. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Paul M. Beckwith, Democrat, Baltimore County; bom at Milford, Massachusetts, September 9, 1908. He attended school at Whitman, Massachusetts; Syracuse, New York; and Mt. St. Joseph’s, Baltimore, graduating in 1926. He is engaged in the insurance business. Member of House of Delegates since 1943. George Benson, Democrat, Cecil County; born at Earlsville. Mary- land, July 5, 1876. He attended school at Earlsville and Gilbert’s Academy in Pennsylvania. Farmer and transportation business. He was County Treasurer of Cecil County, 1918-1922 and elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Joseph A. Bertorelli, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; born in Baltimore, June 10, 1911. He attended public school in Baltimore, the Y.M.C.A. Business College, and Baltimore City College. He is a Bailiff for the Board of Municipal and Zoning Appeals of Baltimore, and former Examiner for the Superior Court of Baltimore. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. From 1944 to 1945 he served in the Asiatic- Pacific Theatres with the United States Navy with rank of Petty Officer 3/c. Myron L. Bloom, Democrat, Washington County; bom at Tilgh- manton, Maryland, August 16, 1896. He attended the public schools of Washington County and Western Maryland College, Westminster. He is a grain dealer and former school Principal at Downsville. Post- master of St. James, Maryland 1926-1943. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Trustee of Ashland College, Ashland, Ohio. MARYLAND MANUAL 151 Alexander Gordon Boone, Democrat, Baltimore County; born in Baltimore City, December 2, 1910. He attended public school in Balti- more, the Jacob Tome Institute at Port Deposit, and The Johns Hop- kins University, graduating in 1934. Attorney, admitted to the Bar in 1937. Counsel to the Baltimore County Welfare Board, 1940-1942; elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. Prom 1942-1945, he served with the Amphibious Forces, U. S. Naval Reserve. D. Floyd Brinsfield, Democrat, Dorchester County; born at Vien- na, Maryland, January 18, 1895. He attended the public schools at Vienna. Farmer. He served with the 79th Division, 310th Machine Gun Company, from 1917-1918. He was elected to the House of Dele- gates in 1935, and is also Mayor of Eldorado. J. Raymond Buffington, Jr., Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; born at Baltimore, May 23, 1911. He attended Baltimore City College; Wil- liam and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia; and the American University at Washington, D. C., from which he graduated in 1933. He is in the wholesale foods business. He has been a member of the House of Delegates since 1943. President, of Baltimore Butter and Egg Exchange. T. Raymond Burch, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born at Berwyn Heights, Maryland, March 21, 1894. He attended the public schools of Prince George’s County and the District of Columbia; Temple Business College, Washington; and the University of Mary- land. Engaged in real estate and insurance business. He was Post- master of Berwyn, 1934-1946, and elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. President, Prince George’s County Real Estate Board. Earle Russell Burkins, Democrat, Harford County; born at Castleton, Maryland, January 28, 1895. He attended the public schools at Castleton. Realtor. He was President Board of County Commissioners, Harford County, 1938-1946; elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Louis Edwin Carr, Democrat, Howard County; born at Guilford, Maryland, July 5, 1893. He attended public school in Guilford. Con- tractor and builder. He served in the U. S. Army during World War I. He was Deputy Sheriff of Howard County 1926-1930; Con- stable in Howard County, 1930-1942, Sheriff of Howard County 1942-1946. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. J. Bernard Garrick, Jr., Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born in Balti- more February 28, 1922. He attended the public schools of Baltimore City and Catonsville High School. Attorney, admitted to the Bar in 1943. He served with the U. S. Army from 1942-1946 with the rank of Staff Sergeant. Member of the Maryland National Guard, 175th Infantry, with rank of 2nd Lieutenant. He was elected to the House of Delegates 1946. John W. Chaires, Democrat, Talbot County; born January 30, 1892. He attended the Dorchester County Public Schools. He is an agricultural implement dealer. Member of the House of Delegates 1939-1941; elected a second time 1946. Robert Duncan Clark, Republican, Montgomery County; born in Washington, D. C., July 22, 1908. He attended the public schools of the District of Columbia and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1930; graduated from Harvard Law School, 1933. Attorney, mem- 152 MARYLAND MANUAL ber of the Maryland and District of Columbia Bars. He served with the 17th Air Depot Group, AAF, in European, Asiatic, and Middle Eastern Theatres, entering as 1st Lieutenant and discharged as Major, 1942-1945; He was Secretary Chevy Chase Citizens Commit- tee, Section I and II, 1939-1941; member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Member Board of Trustees Suburban Hospital, Bethesda; Montgomery County Planning Committee. George Edward Coddington, Republican, Garrett County; born at Oakland, Maryland, December 25, 1899. He attended the public schools of Garrett County. Chauffeur for the State Roads Commis- sion. He served for four years as Sheriff of Garrett County. Elected to the House of Delegates, 1946. Noel Speir Cook, Republican, Allegany County; born at Frostburg, Maryland, November 13, 1905. He attended the public schools at Frostburg, the Frostburg State Teachers College, and the Law School of the University of Maryland, graduating in 1930. Attorney. City Attorney for Lonaconing, Maryland, four years; elected to House of Delegates 1946. Robert Vernon Cooksey, Republican, Charles County; bom, Mt. Victoria, Maryland, April 29, 1890. He attended the public schools of Charles County. Merchant. He has served as Sheriff of Charles County, 1930-1943; 1938-1942; State Senator, 1935-1939; elected to House of Delegates 1946. Joseph Albert Curry, Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born in Balti- more, September 19, 1905. He attended Our Lady of Good Counsel School. Longshoreman. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. Thomas Francis Dempsey, Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; bom in Hamilton, Baltimore County, September 6, 1914. He attended St. Paul’s School, Baltimore; Calvert Hall; and the University of Balti- more, graduating in 1938. Member of the Bar since 1941. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. *Rillie P. Dennis, Democrat, Worcester County; bom October 30, 1882. Farmer. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. James J. DeRan, Jr., Democrat, Harford County; bom at Clover Lick, West Virginia, October 5, 1906. He attended public schools in West Virginia and Maryland and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1928. He is engaged in the real estate and insurance business. Elected to the House of Delegates 1942. Melvin Harrison Derr, Republican, Frederick County; bom at Walkersville, Maryland, September 7, 1910. He attended the public schools of Frederick County and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1931. Insurance agent. Member of the 253rd Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion U. S. Army, 1944-1945, in European Theatre. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. Francis X. Dipped, Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; bom in Baltimore, November 23, 1916. He attended St. Patrick’s School, Calvert Hall, the University of Maryland, graduating in 1936; LL. B. from the University of Baltimore 1946. An attorney and a funeral director, he is presently engaged in active legal practice. He was elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. MARYLAND MANUAL 153 *Simon L. Downey, Republican, Washington County. Retired farmer. Former Member Board of County Commissioners, Washing- ton County; Member House of Delegates, 1931-1935, elected second time, 1946. *James J. Duffy, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; bom October 16, 1905. Employee of City of Baltimore. Member of Democratic State Cen- tral Committee; elected to House of Delegates 1946. Maurice Franklin Ensor, Sr., Democrat, Baltimore County; born at Phoenix, Maryland, November 7, 1897. He attended the public schools of Baltimore County. Traveling mechanic for the Standard Oil Company. Served with the United States Navy and U. S. Naval Reserve during and after the first World War. Constable, Pikesville, for four years; elected to House of Delegates 1946. *Thomas P. Fallon, Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born April 8, 1891. Reading Clerk of House of Delegates, 1945. Member of the House since 1946. John T. Fey, Republican, Allegany County; born at Cumberland, March 10, 1917. He attended the public schools of Cumberland, Wash- ington and Lee University, and the University of Maryland Law School, graduating in 1940. He has also attended the Graduate School of Harvard University. Attorney; admitted to the Bar in 1940. Served with the U. S. Marine Corps, amphibious corps during World War II. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Leroy Frederick, Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born in Baltimore, Jan- uary 20, 1909. Attended the public schools of Baltimore, and the Baltimore College of Commerce. He is in the insurance business. Served with the United States Coast Guard with the rank of Ensign. Reading Clerk of House of Delegates, elected Member 1946. Vice President, Maryland Credit Union League Inc. William H. Geppert, Republican, Allegany County; born at Clarks- burg, West Virginia, April 22, 1912. Attended the public schools of Clarksburg and the University of West Virginia, graduating in 1935. Attorney. Served with the Naval Intelligence Service as a Lieutenant from 1941-1943, and from that date to 1945 with the Naval Amphib- ious forces in the Pacific with the rank of Lieutenant Commander. Trial Magistrate, 1938-1939; elected to House of Delegates 1946. Chairman, Naval Advisory Committee, Allegany County. Leo Charles Geraghty, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Balti- more, July 15, 1894; attended the public schools of Baltimore, Balti- more City College, The Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Baltimore. Admitted to the Bar in 1930. Vice President and Di- rector of Baltimore Wharf Warehouses; Member of U. S. Army Motor Transport Service, 1917-1918. Member of the House of Dele- gates 1935-1939 and elected a second time in 1946. Charles C. Griffin, Democrat, Baltimore 6th; born in Baltimore, July 17, 1898. Attended the public schools of Baltimore. Steamfitter. Chief Committee Clerk, Baltimore City Council, 1947. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. 154 MARYLAND MANUAL

Oliver Robert Guyther, Democrat, St. Mary’s County; born at Mechanicsville, May 13, 1922. Attended elementary school at Me- chanicsville, Charlotte Hall Military Academy and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1942. Presently a student at the University of Maryland Law School. Served with the U. S. Navy, 7th Fleet and War Training Service as Lieutenant (j.g.) from 1942-1945. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Chairman, St. Mary’s County Edu- cational Planning Committee; Treasurer, Uplands Community Asso- ciation. * Joseph Hamilton Hahn, Jr., Republican, Carroll County; bom July 10, 1918 at Westminster, Maryland. Attended Westminster Public Schools and Peabody Conservatory of Music. Secretary of Meat Packing, Locker Plant at Westminster. Elected to House of Delegates, 1942. John William Hall, Republican, Calvert County; born at Bowens, Maryland, September 19, 1899. Attended the public schools of Cal- vert County. Farmer. Former Register of Wills, Calvert County, elected to the House of Delegates 1942. James Edward Hance, Democrat, Calvert County; born at. Mutual, Maryland, August 7, 1900. Attended the public schools of Calvert County. Farmer. Former Judge of Orphans’ Court of Calvert County. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Roger Bonwill Harris, Democrat, Kent County; born at Worton, Maryland, July 16, 1895. Attended the public schools of Kent County and Beacoms Business School at Wilmington, Delaware. Farmer. Member of the Board of the Kent County Home. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. William Eugene Hauver, Democrat, Frederick County ; born at Myersville, Maryland, March 2, 1886. Attended the public schools of Frederick County and St. John’s College at Annapolis, graduating in 1908. Teacher in Myersville and Middletown Schools until 1946. Served with the U. S. Army, 1917-1918. Former member of Frederick County Roads Board. Elected to House of Delegates, 1946. George David Hicks, Republican, Washington County; born March 19, 1886 at Hicksville, Maryland. Attended the public school at Cear- foss. Read Law under an Attorney at Hagerstown, admitted to the Bar in 1922. Judge of Juvenile Court, Washington County, 1935- 1939. Member of the House of Delegates 1927-1933, re-elected in 1946. Carl P. Hoffman, Republican, Somerset County; bom at Wenona, Maryland, April 4, 1895. Attended Somerset County Public Schools. Sea food dealer and merchant. Member of the House of Delegates since 1935. John Wesley Horner, Republican, Dorchester County; born at Cambridge, September 15, 1904. Attended the schools of ®ambridge. Merchant. Elected to House of Delegates, 1946. Chairman, Better Business Men’s Association and Cambridge Chamber of Commerce. John Brinham Huyett, Democrat, Washington County; bom at Wilson, Maryland, January 14, 1893. Attended the public schools of MARYLAND MANUAL 155

Washington County. Operator of a bakery. Member Board of Liquor License Commissioners, 1933-1938; Sheriff of Washington County, 1942-1946; elected to House of Delegates 1946. DeWitt Stephen Hyde, Republican, Montgomery County; horn in Washington, D. C., March 21, 1909. Attended the public schools of the District of Columbia and George Washington University, Wash- ington, D. C., graduating in 1935. Member of the District of Colum- bia Bar and instructor in Law at Benjamin Franklin University, Washington. Served in U. S. Navy, Harbor Defense and as Legal Officer, 1943-1946. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. Merton Stump Jackson, Republican, Cecil County; born Decem- ber 23, 1907, Perryville, Maryland. Attended the public schools of Cecil County, the Jacob Tome Institute at Port Deposit, and The Johns Hopkins University. Distributor of petroleum products. From 1944-1946, served as a member of the Medical Detachment, 103rd Division. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. William S. James, Democrat, Harford County; born at Aberdeen, Maryland, February 14, 1914. Attended public school at Havre de Grace, the Jacob Tome Institute at Port Deposit, and the Law School of the University of Maryland, graduating in 1937. Attorney. _ Trial Magistrate at Havre de Grace, 1944-1946. Member Board of Library Trustees, Harford County, 1945-1948. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. ♦Frank B. Jester, Democrat, Kent County. Hugh Andrew Kennedy, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Balti- more, November 12, 1893. Attended St. Andrew’s Private School, Baltimore, and the University of Baltimore. Merchant tailor. Mem- ber of Democratic State Central Committee since 1942 and Chairman since 1946. Member House of Delegates since 1947. Julian P. King, Republican, Montgomery County; born December 5, 1903. Attended the public schools of Montgomery County. Man- ager automotive repair shop. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. ♦Chester G. Kosakowski, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; born July 6, 1915. Phamacist. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Anders R. Lofstrand, Republican, Montgomery County; born at Washington, D. C., December 7, 1912. Attended the public schools of the District, of Columbia, the George Washington University, and Washington and Lee University. Manufacturer. Member of Repub- lican State Central Committee. Member of House of Delegates since 1947. Member Silver Spring Board of Trade. ♦Carroll Lowe, Democrat, Talbot County. Ralph L. Lowman, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born Curtis Bay, July 21, 1903. Attended the public schools of Anne Arundel County. Contractor. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. John C. Luber, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Baltimore, No- vember 22, 1903. Attended parochial schools in Baltimore. Accountant for Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Member of the House of Delegates 156 MARYLAND MANUAL

since 1939; member of Legislative Council, Majority Floor Leader, 1942- 1946. Member: Real Estate Board, National Railroad Pension Forum. George Arthur McDaniel, Republican, Caroline County; bom at Denton, October 3, 1908. Attended Caroline County Public Schools; Blue Ridge College, New Windsor, Maryland; and Bridgewater Col- lege, Bridgewater, Virginia, graduating in 1930. Newspaper publisher at Federalsburg. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. President of Maryland Press Association, 1941-1944. William Henry McGrath, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born at Highland Falls, New York, July 15, 1898. Attended Highland Falls Public schools, Columbia University, and the National Univer- sity Law School, Washington, D. C., graduating in 1929. Admitted to the District of Columbia and Maryland State Bars. Member 6th En- gineers of the U. S. Army, 1918-1919, and with Military Police, 1942- 1948, holding rank as Lt. Colonel. Served as Attorney to the Prince George’s County Liquor Board, 1939-1942. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Ronald Earle McIntire, Republican, Garrett County; born at Thomas, West Virginia, February 21, 1895. He attended the public schools at Thomas and Duff’s College at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is in the hardware and furniture business at Oakland. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Thomas Joseph McKewen Jr., Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; bom in Baltimore, February 28, 1916. Attended parochial school in Baltimore and Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1933. Clerk. Served in the Army with rank of Corporal during World War II, in the European Theatre and in the German Occupation Troops. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. George Gerald McLeish, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born in Brooklyn, New York, August 2, 1897. Attended parochial school in Brooklyn; Washington Preparatory School, Washington, D. C.; and the Southeastern University Law School at Washington, graduating in 1927. Attorney, member of Maryland State and District of Columbia Bars. Served as a Corporal in the 106th In- fantry, 1917-19, and in the 7th Recruit Depot Band, 1921-23. Attorney to the Board of County Commissioners, of Prince George’s County, 1943- 44; Attorney to the Town of Bladensburg, 1947-48. Elected to House of Delegates, 1946. John Francis McNulty, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born at Crisfield, Maryland, May 29, 1896. Educated at St. Charles School, Cape Charles, Virginia, and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1916. Served in the U. S. Navy as a Lieutenant Commander, 1916- 1919; and as a Captain, 1942-1945. President of Continental Feed Corporation, Baltimore. Former State Service Officer for the Mary- land Veterans’ Commission. President of Maryland State Firemen’s Association, 1940. Frederick Charles Malkus, Jr., Democrat, Dorchester County; bom at Baltimore, July 1, 1913. Attended Cambridge High School, Western Maryland College, graduating in 1934, and the Law School of the University of Maryland. Admitted to the Bar in 1938. Served with the First Army during World War II, entering as a Private and being discharged as a Major. Elected to the House of Delegates. 1946. MARYLAND MANUAL 157 Joseph A. Mattingly, Democrat, St. Mary’s County; born at Leonardtown, January 2, 1916. Attended St. Mary’s Academy, Leonard Hall, and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1941. Admitted to the Bar the same year. Served with the Navy as Lieuten- ant Commander, 1941-1946. Elected to the House of Delegates, 1946. Bernard S. Melnicove, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; born in Wash- ington, D. C., September 2, 1911. Attended the public schools of Baltimore City, Baltimore City College, and the University of Mary- land, graduating in 1932. Admitted to the Bar in 1933. Justice of the Peace, Baltimore, 1935-1938. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Member: Legislative Council and Commission to Study and Revise the Corporation Laws of Maryland. William A. Menchine, Democrat, Baltimore County; born at Baltimore February 21, 1908. Attended Baltimore City Schools, Balti- more City College, and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1929. Admitted to the Bar in 1930. Served as Special Agent. 40th Counter Intelligence Corps, 1944-1945. Elected House of Delegates

*Harry L. Messick, Democrat, Wicomico County, born July 22, 1901. Merchant. Elected to the House of Delegates 1942. Edward Robert Milanicz, Democrat, Baltimore, 1st; born at Baltimore, May 10, 1898. Attended parochial school at Baltimore. Merchant. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Benjamin Alexander Mrozinski, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; born at Baltimore, April 18, 1905. Attended parochial school in Baltimore Railroad conductor. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. Rose Marie Murphy, Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; born at Baltimore, April 18, 1900. Attended parochial school in Baltimore and Notre Dame College, Baltimore. Housewife. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. President Governor O’Conor Democratic Club of Tenth Ward, Ladies’ Auxiliary. George Tilden Murray, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; bom at Odenton, September 16, 1876. Attended the public schools of Anne Arundel County. Farmer. Former Inspector for the Department of Internal Revenue, 1910-1914. Member of the House of Delegates 1908-1910; elected for present term 1942. Jasper Cleveland Myers, Republican, Garrett County; born at Friendsville, Maryland, July 12, 1895. Attended the public schools at Friendsville and Teachers Training School in that town. Farmer, proprietor of Feed and General Store. Served with Company G, 79th Division 1918-1919. Postmaster of Shallmar, Maryland, 1920-1927. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Ira Cooper Nelson, Republican, Talbot County; born at Trappe, Maryland, July 11, 1918. Attended the public schools at Trappe and the Eastern Shore Business College at Cambridge. Auctioneer. Served as Staff Sergeant with the 115th Infantry, Company I. Dis- charged as a 1st Lieutenant. Elected to House of Delegates in 1946. John Nave Newcomer, Republican, Washington County, born at Beaver Creek, Maryland, September 29, 1894. Attended the public 158 MARYLAND MANUAL schools at. Ringgold, Washington County High School at Hagerstown, and Hamilton School of Law, Chicago. Public School teacher in Washington County 1914-1918; now farmer and fruit grower. Elected to the House of Delegates 1943. Mary Layfield Nock, Democrat, Wicomico County; born at Green Hill, Wicomico County, Maryland. Elected to House of Delegates, 1946. William Charles O’Malley, Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; born at Clinton, Massachusetts, March 7, 1896. Attended the public schools of Clinton. Accountant. Served as Sergeant in the Medical Depart- ment of World War I. Member of the House of Delegates since 1944. Joseph B. Payne, Republican, Frederick County; born at Lees- burg, Virginia, December 15, 1894. Attended the public schools of Brunswick. Employed by the B. & 0. Railroad. Served with the 28th Division, 111 Infantry, Company K, in 1917-1924. Member of House of Delegates, 1935-1939; Re-elected in 1946. Simon Peter Pollack, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; born September 5, 1906, Baltimore. Attended the public schools of Baltimore. En- gaged in insurance business. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Charles Joseph Potts, Democrat, Wicomico County; born at Nor- folk, Virginia, April 19, 1910. Attended public school in Salisbury, Maryland; Randolph Macon Academy; Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1932; attended the Law School of the University of Maryland and was admitted to the Bar in 1937. From 1943-1945 served as a Corporal with Company D, 276th Infantry Regiment. Executive Director of the Wicomico Young Men’s Democratic Club. Leroy Webster Preston, Democrat, Baltimore 5th; born in Balti- more County, July 30, 1915. Attended public schools at Towson, and at St. Petersburg, Florida; graduated from the University of Balti- more in 1938. Admitted to the Bar the same year. Member of the 61st Air Group, 1941-1946, holding rank as Major, served in the China-Burma-India Theatre. Assistant City Solicitor of Baltimore City since 1947. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Member of the Commission on Legislative Office Space; Vice Chairman, Demo- cratic State Central Committee. *Leroy Pumphrey, Democrat, Prince George’s County. Attorney, farmer and banker. Elected to the House of Delegates 1942. Member of the Legislative Council. Jacob Ray Ramsburg, Republican, Frederick County, born near Lewistown, Maryland, February 16, 1908. Attended the public schools of Frederick County. Insurance agent. Member of the House of Dele- gates since 1935. Elected Minority Floor Leader of the House in 1947. President Frederick County Council on Religious Education; member Salvation Army Advisory Board of Frederick. Lester Benten Reed, Republican, Allegany County; bom at Mt. Savage, Maryland, August 10, 1908. Attended the public schools of Allegany County, and Catherman’s Business College, Cumberland. MARYLAND MANUAL 159

Automotive supplies dealer. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. John Ruel Reeves, Republican, Montgomery County; bom in Washington, D. C., July 7, 1906. Attended the public schools of the District of Columbia and the National University, graduating in 1929. Attorney, member of the Maryland and District of Columbia Bars. Served as Lieutenant in the U. S. Naval Reserve, 1944-1946. U. S. Commissioner for the District of Maryland, 1941-1944; 1946-1947. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Director, Bethesda Chamber of Commerce; Director, Montgomery County Bar Associa- tion. Eugene Peter Richardson, Democrat, Worcester County; born at Camden, New Jersey, June 26, 1910. Attended the public schools of Camden and Pierce Business College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Poultry broker and raiser. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Chairman, Berlin Area of the Salvation Army. ■"Jerome Robinson, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; born March 31, 1911. Attorney. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Edward Bryan Rockenbaugh, Democrat, Baltimore County; born at Oella, Maryland, August 15, 1906. Attended the public schools of Baltimore County and the University of Baltimore. Claim Adjuster. Served as member of the U. S. Coast Guard 1944-1945. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Leona Marie Rush, Republican, Montgomery County; bom in Washington, D. C. Attended the public schools of the District of Columbia and George Washington University. Housewife. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Trustee of Colesville School, Colesville, Maryland. Vice President, Federation of Republican Women of Mont- gomery County. Joseph Gifford Scarborough, Democrat, Cecil County; born at Elkton, July 5, 1911. Attended elementary school at Elkton; West Nottingham Academy, Colora, Maryland; Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1935. Attended the Law School of the University of Maryland and was admitted to the Bar in 1946. Served as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company L, 29th Division, 115th Infantry, 1941- 1942, and as a Captain with the Military Intelligence Service 1942- 1946. Elected to the House of Delegates 1946. Charles Lyman Schueler, Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; born at Bal- timore, December 19, 1903. Attended the public schools of Baltimore City. Sheet, metal worker. Member of the House of Delegates since

Charles Melberth See, Republican, Allegany County; bom at Cumberland, May 12, 1902. Attended the Maryland School for the Blind, Overlea, graduating in 1924. Director of the Vending Stand Department, Maryland Workshop for the Blind. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Member Board of Trustees Maryland Work- shop for the Blind, National Legislative Committee of the American Association of Workers for the Blind. Aaron Walton Shapiro, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; born at Balti- more, January 27, 1917. Attended Baltimore City public schools, the 160 MARYLAND MANUAL

University of Baltimore and the Baltimore College of Commerce. Admitted to the Bar in 1940. Served as a Captain with the Military Government Corps, U. S. Army, 1941-1946. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Ralph Edward Shockley, Democrat, Worcester County; born at Whilton, Maryland, December 17, 1891. Attended the public schools of Worcester County. Farmer and broiler producer. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. *Maurice T. Siegel, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; born February 20, 1907. Attorney. James Joseph Silk, Democrat, Baltimore 1st; born at Baltimore, July 2, 1911. Attended parochial and public schools of Baltimore and Mt. St. Joseph High School. Investigator and Income Tax Consultant. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. Donald Ellsworth Six, Republican, Carroll County; born at Keysville, Maryland, June 14, 1914. Attended Carroll County Public schools and Strayer-Bryant-Stratton College at Baltimore. Retail grain, feed, lumber, and coal business. Albert Lawrence Sklar, Democrat, Baltimore 4th; bom at Balti- more, December 18, 1911. Attended the Public Schools of Baltimore City, Baltimore City College, and the University of Baltimore, graduating in 1932. Admitted to the Bar the same year. Member of the Tax Revision Commission of Maryland 1939-1941 and the Maryland Commission on Post War Construction and Redevelopment 1943-1947. Member of the House of Delegates since 1939. Carroll C. Smith, Republican, Carroll County; born July 14, 1904, at Greenmount, Maryland. Attended Carroll County public schools. Employed by Wm. F. Myers Son’s Incorporated, of Westminster. Elected to House of Delegates 1946. Napoleon Bryan Steward, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born September 4, 1888 at Slate Hill, Pennsylvania. Attended the public schools of Delta, Pennsylvania; Millersville State Teachers College, Millersville, Pennsylvania, and the University of Maryland. Physician and surgeon. Member of the Board of Supervisors of Elections Prince George’s County, 1940-1943. Medical Examiner State Insurance Department since 1947. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. William Francis Stromeyer, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born at Annapolis, March 14, 1894. Attended Annapolis public schools, and St. John’s College, Annapolis, graduating in 1916. Re- tired. Captain in the 62nd Infantry, 1917-1918 and in the Quarter- masters Corps, 1918-1920. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. C. Ferdinand Sybert, Speaker, Democrat, Howard County; born at Loretta, Pennsylvania, September 16, 1900. Attended parochial schools in Elkridge and Baltimore; Loyola College, Baltimore, graduating in 1922. Graduated from the Law School of the University of Maryland in 1925 and admitted to the Bar the same year. Served as Counsel to the Board of County Commissioners of Howard County, MARYLAND MANUAL 161 1931-1934 and as State’s Attorney for Howard County, 1934-1946. Served as Appeal Agent Howard County Selective Service Board, 1940-1945. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946, elected Speaker, 1947. President of the Howard County Bar Association. Chester W. Tawney, Democrat, Baltimore 3rd; born at Havre de Grace, Maryland, July 10, 1902. Attended the public schools of Havre de Grace and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1931. President of small loan company. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Wells Wilson Todd, Republican, Somerset County; born at Hol- land Island, Maryland, May 21, 1893. Attended Holland Island public schools. Sea-food dealer. Member of the House of Delegates since

Clarence E. Tyler, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born at Monie, Maryland, November 8, 1887. Attended public school at Monie. Contractor and realtor. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. John W. Vaxjs, Democrat, Baltimore 2nd; born at Baltimore, Feb- ruary 18, 1912. Attended parochial school in Baltimore, and Calvert Hall. Printer. Served as Corporal, Company I, 313th Infantry, in European Theatre, 1943-1945. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. Charles Clifton Virts, Democrat, Frederick County; born at Leesburg, Virginia, February 3, 1910. Attended Leesburg Public School; the Virginia School for the Blind, Staunton, and the Law School of the University of Maryland. Admitted to the Bar in 1940. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Edwin Clyde Walls, Democrat, Queen Anne’s County; born in Queen Anne’s County, January 25, 1900. Attended the public schools of that county, and Washington College, Chestertown, graduating in 1919. Graduate School of Columbia University, M.A., 1926. Hardware and farm implement dealer; former Principal of High Schools in Queen Anne’s County. Served with the U. S. Army in World Wars I and II. President of the Board of Commissioners, Church Hill, 1947. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. Lewis Franklin Ward, Republican, Somerset County; bom at Crisfield, Maryland, January 23, 1888. Attended Crisfield public schools. Employee of express company. Member of the House of Delegates, 1926-1930; elected a second time in 1946. Harry Innis Warren, Democrat, Baltimore County; born at Balti- more, April 22, 1911; attended Boys’ Latin School of Baltimore, the University of Virginia, and The Johns Hopkins University, graduating in 1935. General Agent, Life Insurance Company. Served as Lieutenant Commander, U. S. Navy Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet 1942-1946. Member of the House of Delegates 1938-1942; re-elected in 1942 but resigned to enter the Navy; re-elected in 1946. Alan Webb, Democrat, Dorchester County; born at Vienna Mary- land. Farm Manager. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943 Former Mayor and Town Commissioner of Vienna.

ENJAMIN 1903.,™J? Attorney. Weintraub, Member of Democrat, the House Baltimoreof Delegates 2nd; since born 1939. July 10, 162 MARYLAND MANUAL

Edward Homer White, Jr., Democrat, Wicomico County ; born at Salisbury, April 5, 1911. Attended public schools in Salisbury, and William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Virginia. Merchant. Served as 1st Sergeant, 722nd M.P. Battalion, m the European Thea- tre during World War II. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Horace Pritchard Whitworth, Jr., Republican, Allegany County; born at Westernport, Maryland, November 9, 1912. Attended the public schools of Westernport; Mercersburg Academy, Mercersburg, Pennsylvania; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, and the Law School of the University of Maryland, graduating m 1936. Attorney. Served as Communications Officer aboard the u.b.b. Tutuila, with rank of Lieutenant, 1943-1946. Member of the House of Delegates since 1947. Henry Clifton Wigley, Democrat, Anne Arundel County; born at Millersville, Maryland, April 8, 1884. Attended the public schools of Anne Arundel County. Farmer. Elected to the House of Delegates in 1946. Perry O. Wilkinson, Democrat, Prince George’s County; born at Hebron, Maryland, March 21, 1905. Attended the public schools at Wicomico County, and the University of Maryland, graduating in 1928. Master of Arts from the University, 1936. Insurance and bond business and former teacher and athletic coach. Member of the House of Delegates since 1943. Chairman, Prince George’s County Mass- X-Ray Survey; member of the Advisory Committee to the United States Employment Service. *J. Franklin Winkler, Republican, Charles County; born April 19, 1898. Merchant. Deputy Treasurer of Charles County. Elected to’the House of Delegates 1946. Judiciary Of Maryland

PENNSYLVANIA MARYLAND MANUAL 165 PENNSYLVANIA 166 MARYLAND MANUAL MARYLAND MANUAL 167 COURT OF APPEALS Chief Judge: Ogle Marbury, Second Appellate Circuit Laurel .1952 Associate Judges: Stephen R. Collins, First Appellate Circuit Chestertown 1957 C. Gus Grason, Second Appellate Circuit. Towson 1951 Edward S. Delaplaine, Third Appellate Circuit Frederick 1957 William L. Henderson, Fourth Appellate Circuit.....Baltimore 1961 Charles Markell, Fourth Appellate Circuit. Baltimore 1961

CIRCUIT COURTS FIRST JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Worcester, Somerset, Dorchester and Wicomico Counties) W. Laird Henry, Jr., Chief... Cambridge ...1961 Levin C. Bailey Salisbury 1961 Edmond H. Johnson ...Snow Hill 1961 SECOND JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Caroline, Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne’s and Talbot Counties) J. Owen Knotts, Chief. Denton 1949 William R. Homey Centreville 1957 Floyd J. Kintner. Elkton 1948 THIRD JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Baltimore and Harford Counties) C. Gus Grason, Chief. Towson ..1951 Frederick Lee Coboum. Bel Air 1953 John B. Gontrum Kingsville 1961 J. Howard Murray. Towson .1957 FOURTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Allegany, Washington and Garrett Counties) William A. Huster, Chief. Cumberland 1953 George Henderson Cumberland 1961 Joseph D. Mish Hagerstown 1957 FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Anne Arundel, Carroll and Howard Counties) James E. Boylan, Jr., Chief. Westminster 1957 Marvin I. Anderson. Millersville 1950 James A. Clark. Ellicott City 1961 SIXTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Frederick and Montgomery Counties) Charles W. Woodward, Chief. Poolesville -1949 Stedman Prescott ..Rockville 1953 Patrick M. Schnauffer ..Frederick _ 1957 168 MARYLAND MANUAL

SEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Composed of Calvert, Charles, Prince George’s and St. Mary’s Counties) William M. Loker, Chief.— Leonardtown 1953 John B. Gray. - Prince Frederick 1957 Charles C. Marbury. Upper Marlboro 1957 EIGHTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT (Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, Superior Court of Baltimore City, Court of Common Pleas, The Baltimore City Court, The Circuit Court of Baltimore City, The Circuit Court of Baltimore City No. 2, The Criminal Court of Baltimore City, The Circuit Court of Balti- more City for Juvenile Cases). W. Conwell Smith, Chief. Baltimore 1961 Edwin T. Dickerson Baltimore 1963 Robert France. Baltimore 1948 Michael J. Manley Baltimore 1961 E. Paul Mason Baltimore 1961 Herman M. Moser Baltimore 1961 Charles E. Moylan Baltimore 1961 Emory H. Niles Baltimore 1953 J. Abner Saylor. Baltimore 1953 Joseph Sherbow Baltimore ...1961 John T. Tucker Baltimore 1961

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Note: The above General Fund totals reflect the net appropriations after giving effect to deductions as directed by the Governor and the Board of Public Works in the amount of ?500,112.00 for the fiscal year 1948 and $525,410.00 for. the fiscal year 1949. MARYLAND MANUAL 177

STATE-AIDED INSTITUTIONS General Hospitals, City of Baltimore: 194g 1949 1 Baltimore Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital $8,134 $8,134 2 Church Home and Hospital 14 504 14 504 3 Franklin Square Hospital 12 250 12 250 4 Hospital for the Women of Maryland 10 48G 10,486 5 Johns Hopkins Hospital 161210 161210 6 Maryland General Hospital 12010 it oik 7 Mercy Hospital S SL 8 Provident Hospital 36)260 36,260 9 St. Agnes’ Hospital 16j562 16>562 10 St. Joseph’s Hospital 24 500 24 500 11 Sinai Hospital of .Baltimore, Inc 50 176 50 176 12 South Baltimore General Hospital 21 070 21 070 13 Union Memorial Hospital 22 442 22 442 14 Volunteers of America Hospital 9 408 9 408 15 West Baltimore General Hospital, Inc 14 700 14 700

General Hospitals, Counlies: 1948 1949 16 Allegany Hospital 18,816 18,816 .17 Calvert County Hospital 4,116 4,116 18 Cambridge Maryland Hospital, Inc 11,760 11,760 19 Emergency Hospital, Annapolis 6,370 6,370 20 Frederick City Hospital 20,874 20,874 21 Harford Memorial Hospital...! 13,818 13,818 22 Kent and Upper Queen Anne’s General Hospital... 4,704 4,704 23 Edw. W. McCready Memorial Hospital, Inc 9,310 9,310 24 Memorial Hospital, Cumberland 22,834 22,834 25 Memorial Hospital at Easton, Md., Inc....' 19,404 19,404 26 Montgomery County General Hospital, Inc 11,074 11,074 27 Peninsula General Hospital 47,334 47,334 28! Physicians’ Memorial Hospital 3,724 3,724 29 St. PJary’s Hospital 5^34 5,684 30 Union Hospital of Cecil County 11,270 11,270 31 Washington County Hospital Association 25,480 25,480 178 MARYLAND MANUAL

Comity Commissioners—For Hospital Care: 1949 32 Garrett County Commissioners 8,330 8,330 33 Montgomery County Commissioners 16,170 16,170 Note: In the event that the Federal Government makes funds available to the States for hospitalization of the indigent, any part of the appropriations made to Items 1 to 33, inclusive, by the mutual consent of the hospitals and the Welfare Department, may be used for matching purposes. Hospitals—Special Types of Care: 3f Child Study Center of Maryland, Inc 9,187 9,187 35 Happy Hills Convalescent Home for Children 2,460 2,450 3.6 Home for Incurables of Baltimore City 14,70# 14.700 37 Hospital for Consumptives of Maryland, Eudowood. 63,700 63.700 38 Levindale Hebrew Home and Infirmary. 15,313 16,313 39 Mt. Pleasant Sanatorium 19,600 19,600 40 St. Gabriel’s Home for Convalescent Girls 1,837 1.837 41 Seton Institute (Mt. Hope Retreat) 16,170 16,170 42 Silver Cross Home for Epileptics, Inc 1,838 1.838 43 Sylvan Retreat, Cumberland 24,500 24.500 Aged Homes: 44 Aged Home of the Balto. Conf. A. M. E. Church... 490 490 45 Aged Women’s and Aged Men’s Homes 2,450 2,450 46 N. M. Carroll Home for Aged Women and Men 1,470 1,470 47 Chase Home for Aged Women. 784 784 48 General German Aged People’s Home. 980 980 49 Home for Aged Women, Easton 2,940 2,940 50 Home for Aged of the Meth. Church, Westminster. 1,470 1,470 51 Methodist Home, Inc., Gaithersburg. 1,470 1,470 52 John B. Parsons, Salisbury Home for the Aged... 4,410 4,410 53 Southern Hospital and Home 1,960 1,950

Miscellaneous Institutions and Agencies: .54 Florence Crittenton Mission of Ballimore 3,430 3,430 55 Prisoners’ Aid Association of Maryland 1,960 1,960 Institutions and Agencies for Dependent Children: 57 Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, Inc. (Foster Child Care) 17,640 17,640 MARYLAND MANUAL 179

1948 1949 68 Children’s Home of Baltimore, Inc 7,350 7,350 69 Children’s Home of the Eastern Shore of Maryland 3,430 3,430 CO Family and Children’s Society 19,600 19,600 61 (Jeneral German Orphan Home 3,675 3,675 62 George F. Bragg Church Home for Boys 4,900 4,900 63 Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau 6,860 6,860 64 Maryland Children’s Aid Society 19,600 19,600 65 St. Elizabeth’s Home 12,250 12,250 66 St. Francis Orphanage 2,940 2,940 67 St. Leo’s Italian Orphan Asylum 2,450 2,450 68 St. Mary’s Villa 5,880 5,880 69 St. Peter Claver’s Industrial School and Home for Colored Girls 1,470 1,470 70 St. Vincent’s Infant Home 14,210 14,210 71 St. Vincent’s Male Orphan Asylum of Baltimore... 8,820 8,820 72' Wicomico Children’s Home 1,960 1,960 Day Nurseries: 73 Jewish Educational Alliance Nursery School 980 980 75 Mission Helpers Day Nursery 1,470 1,470 76 St. Martin’s Day Nursery 1,960 1,960 77 Sisters Servants of Mary Immaculate (Polish Day Nursery) 1,176 1,176 Correctional Institutions: 78 House of the Good Shepherd for Colored Girls 17,738 17,738 79 House of the Good Shepherd for White Girls 22,442 22,442 80 St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys : 83,986 83,986 Note: Appropriations Nos. 1 to 80, inclusive, are to be disbursed by the Treasury Department in accordance with Section 8 of Article 88A of the Annotated Code of Maryland (1939 Edition), as amended by Chapter 238 of the Acts of 1941. 81 Maryland League for Crippled Children, Inc 5,880 5,880 Note: Appropriation No. 81 is to be disbursed by the Treasury Department (to the indicated institution) on transmittals from the State Depart- ment of Health, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the said State Department of Health. Any part of this appropriation, by consent of both parties, may be used for matching purposes in the event Federal Funds are available. 180 MARYLAND MANUAL

1948 1949 82 Maryland School for the Blind 114,170 114,170 83 Maryland Workshop for the Blind 37,240 37,240 Note: Appropriations Nos. 82 and 83 are to be disbursed by the Treasury Department (to the respective institutions) on transmittals from the State Department of Education, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the said State Department of Education. Any part of this appropriation, by consent of both parties, may be used for matching purposes in the event Federal Funds are available. Educational Institutions: 84 Charlotte Hall School. (In return for the allowance, Charlotte Hall School shall furnish 29 scholarships, as provided by Chapter 321 of the Acts of 1898, including tuition, board and room rent.) 8,820 85 Johns Hopkins University. (Out of this allowance, 8,820 Johns Hopkins University shall furnish 129 free scholarships, as provided in Chapter 90 of the Acts of 1912.) 124,652 124,652 86 McDonogh School for Boys 980 980 87 Maryland Institute 16,170 88 St. John’s College. (In return for the allowance, 16,170 St. John’s College shall furnish 29 scholarships, including tuition, board and room rent, and 26 scholarships covering tuition only, as provided in Chapter 111 of the Acts of 1908.) 61,740 89 Washington College. (In return for the allowance, 61,740 "iyashington College shall furnish 36 scholarships covering free tuition, board, room rent and textbooks, and 25 covering free tuition and textbooks and 50 covering free tuition, as provided in Chapter 309 of the Acts of 1910; Chapter 293 of the Acts of 1898: Chapter 188 of the Acts of 1896; Chapter 154 of the Acts of 1892; Chapter 339 of the Acts of 1870; Chapter 219 of the Acts of 1856; Resolution 34 of the Acts of 1839) 58,800 58,800 MARYLAND MANUAL 181

1948 1949 90 West Nottingham Academy 980 980 91 Western Maryland College. (In return for the allowance. Western Maryland College shall furnish 58 scholarships covering free tuition and board, and for one male and one femle student from each Senatorial District of the State, and 14. scholarships covering tuition, two from each Election District of Carroll County, as provided by Chapter 106 of the Acts of 1898; Chap- ter 279 of the Acts of 1890; Chapter 239 of the Acts of 1878) 55,370 55,370

Miscellaneous: 92 State Department of Health. (To be used for matching purposes according to the Maryland Plan for Services for Crippled Children, approved by the Children’s Bureau of the Federal Government. In the event Federal Funds are withdrawn, the State appropriation is to be allotted directly to the Kernan’s Hospital and School for Crippled Children and the Children’s Hospital School on an equal basis for hospitalization of crippled children) 93 State Department of Health for hospitalization of crippled children who are residents of Bal- timore City 23,275 23,27o 94 Star-Spangled Banner Flag House Association... 980 980 95 Peninsula Horticultural Society 490 490 96 Cardinal Gibbons Institute. (To be expended subject to the approval of the Board of Public Works) 1>960 1,960

Net Appropriations from General Funds $1,772,473 $1,772,473

The above individual appropriations have been reduced by their respective shares of the General Fund Deduction, as directed by the Governor and the Board of Public Works, in the total amount of $36,173 for each of the fiscal years 1948 and 1949. Combined Balance Sheet—All Funds, June 30, 1947 182 : fcK . 'E-ipJU U< m(mb* “Qt-a.o2Hfco«3« w^Slg§E»|gs Mo8M||°S0 ?|s ■|

BONDED INDEBTEDNESS AS OF JUNE 30, 1947

General Construction Loan of 1931 $ 304,000.00 Ocean City Inlet Loan of 1931 - - - - 37,000.00 General Bond Issue of 1933 550,000.00 Emergency Relief and Unemployment Loan of 1933 2,256,000.00 Emergency Bond Issue of 1935. 2,742,000.00 General Bond Issue of 1936 345,000.00 Emergency Reconstruction Bond Issue of 1936 556,000.00 General Bond Issue of 1937 4,869,000.00 State Office Building Loan of 1937. 500,000.00 General Bond Issue of 1939 2,855,000.00 General Bond Issue of 1941— — 1,881,000.00 Total Bonded Debt $16,895,000.00 Less—Annuity Bond Sinking Fund - 1,379,095.06 Net Bonded Debt $15,515,904.94

Investments as of June 30, 1947 GENERAL FUND: U. S. Treasury Notes, 1H%* due Sept. 15, 1948.. $ 2,000,000.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 1H%» due Dec. 15, 1950.. 2,000,000.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%, due Dec. 15, 1959-62 5,000,000.00 $ 9,000,000.00 STATE ACCIDENT FUND: U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%. due Mar. 15, 1952-54 $ 75,000.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 2%, due June 15, 1952-54 —— 200,000.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 2%, due Dec. 15, 1952-54 50,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 2M%> Defense, Series G, due Feb. 1, 1954 .... 50,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 2H%» Defense, Series G, due July 1, 1954 50,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 234%, Defense, Series G, due Dec. 1, 1955 100,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 2J4%, Defense, Series G, due Jan. 1, 1956— 100,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 2H%» Series G, due Nov. 1, 1957 100,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 234%, Series G, due June 1, 1958 50,000.00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 234%, Series G, due July 1, 1958 50.000. 00 U. S. Savings Bonds, 234%, Series G, due Jan. 1, 1959 100,000.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 2J4%, due Dec. 15, 1959-62 300.000. 00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%, due June 15, 1962-67 150.000. 00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%, due June 15, 1964-69..^.^ — 100.000. 00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%, due Dec. 15, 1964-69 617,500.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%, due Mar. 15, 1965-70 75.000. 00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 2^4%, due Dec. 15, 1967-72 1,250,000.00 3,417,500.00 STATE ROADS COMMISSION REFUNDING AND IMPROVEMENT BOND ISSUE OF 1941 DEBT SERVICE RESERVE FUND: U. S. Treasury Bonds, 2%, due Sept. 15, 1950-52 550,000.00 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND FUND: U. S. Savings Bonds, 234%. Series G, due Sept. 1, 1955. $ 400.00 U. S. Treasury Bonds, 234%p due Dec. 15, 1964-69 132,000.00 132,400.00 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS RETIREMENT FUND: Northern Central Railway Annuity—Capitalized at 6%. 1,500,000.00 GRAND TOTAL $14,599,900.00 184

Property as of June 30, 1947 MARYLAND MANUAL T . Land and Equipment t> j State Agency or Property Location Improvements Buildings an(l other Bridges Koads 1 CO 'fl© rH Ol© © t- COOO«H OOOC — J! JiJ i «H,M rnW>>*<*• 03 to cTcvl © tôo ©00 SiS 94© •flT t> 00 HJ*© &SS'|SS|§ S ° 8-IJ5«2O a H 2w •a 'S’ s&g §,3 S'?2 3 0 »H U5«5 LO rfOt- O ^«P0| O iO(MO “•^•i - 3 ** ©©© ©©CO © o ^©t> HT©(N rH (M © CO ©to cTTfTjToa ^©©oscot^NcoNOoococq to ^COÔ0^000COGOrH O 1000t-IMC000c00}t>t-C0<000©0«> «Ot>COOOt^COO'»tift'iHo6t^CO»HOC^Tj5 V0c^0>c-0-^*rj«0i0w000)0i0000»000 © MTj<04CO oeot-cjoco-ô^noônocot-or-jco , 3 MARYLAND MANUAL O O45aiC4 ^©^©■^•©Hft- n fcc ESfeQmo-c © -rf C4 rH ooc4*-i©eo 94 rH t>© ©«© CO ©94 CO OlOC- © 94 CO 94© ©94©©© rH'»J<©O0C4 C4«©©« ©©00 COto © t>O©CO © t— © 94 rH© © O©" o 94 Hf©© 94 eo'©» CO ©rH CO ©rH CO rH© 94 COto00 ©to to© « ©©© © t— ©©t-© - r-<©t- 5© ©CO 0(NJ ©00 3 ©©t- £Oc ofl .2 ^ .2.23 mo3 'd'dTJ'd'O^jS (DCO-ti-ô ass o'g’gog to co§£5 H rHC4 0 ©94ClCO©CO ?©“©© CO©©© 0 00©Hf©©_©rHUO J©©rHrH©r}<©© H (M-rfrH©Tj< 3 05^C.'a'g-SWHHo SfefegSfSgO^fiCi t: h"§Ê w ’s’wOos-*-> oJcJcJcOcO»-rtP|~ , C 3^2eO^CO ss«3sa.sgggs-§ rt JO D © Tf ©t-^ rH © © Tj* ©00© g.2 io © a CO © rH 94©CO ©© ©oTto© © 94 rH CO94© COOJ o t> © © -^ • OJCO © © t- © 00rH © 94Hf • Ul'tU»- tfi o

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TAXABLE BASIS—1946 State Purposes County Purposes Allegany ...$ 106,705,382 $ 101,669,718 Anne Arundel .. 75,401,777 76,667,657 Baltimore City ... 1,881,920,360 1,797,974,940 Baltimore ... 347,545,955 358,815,630 Calvert. 8,066,337 8,066,337 Caroline 16,534,664 17,590,902 Carroll 47,811,925 50.823.317 Cecil 46,181,127 54,865,547 Charles 14,143,047 14,584,667 Dorchester 31,939,406 29,431,436 Frederick 74,617,273 77.428.317 Garrett 19,891,122 20,378,642 Harford 70,174,397 76,642,234 Howard 23,204,167 23,728,671 Kent 17,965,786 19,197,591 Montgomery .. 188,838,321 193,610,591 Prince George’s . 144,723,711 152,370,222 Queen Anne’s .... 19,001,875 19,970,995 St. Mary’s 11,283,866 11,283,866 Somerset 13,472,936 14,781,800 Talbot . 25,115,155 25,286,455 Washington 97,425,914 104,063,124 Wicomico 41,732,589 41,713,997 Worcester 25,039,958 26,823,613 Totals .?3,348,737,050 $3,317,770,269 MARYLAND MANUAL 189

STATE TAX RATES

1878-1887.. .18-3/4 1888-1900.. .17-3/4 1901-1903 . .30 1904 .22-1/2 1905-1906. .23-1/2 1907-1910. .16 1911 .22 1912 .23-1/4 1913-1914 .31 1915-1916 .32-1/3 1917 .36-5/12 1918 .36-3/4 1919-1920. .36-31/72 1921 .35-1/3 1922 .35 1923 .30-1/3 1924 .30-2/13 1925-1926 .27-12/35 1927 .27-11/28 1928 .25-64/100 1929 .25-74/100 1930-1933 . .25 1934-1936 .22 1937 .22-1/4 1938 .23-1/100 1939-1941 .23-35/100 1942 .14 1943 .12-75/100 1944 .12 1945 .12 1946 .10

Officers Of

Local Government

I Counties

II Baltimore

MARYLAND MANUAL 193

OFFICERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

I. COUNTIES STATE’S ATTORNEYS (All terms expire 1951) Allegany Morgan C. Harris Cumberland Anne Arundel...... James C. Morton, Jr Annapolis Baltimore ..John Grason Turnbull Towson Calvert ..Arthur W. Dowell Prince Frederick Caroline James A. Wise Denton Carroll ..Donald C. Sponseller. Westminster Cecil ..Henry L. Constable Elkton Charles Thomas C. Carrico La Plata Dorchester...... Charles Edmondson Cambridge Frederick Edwin F. Nikirk Frederick Garrett W. Dwight Stover. Oakland Harford D. Paul McNabb Bel Air Howard D. M. Murray, Jr Ellicott City Kent A. Parks Rasin, Jr Chestertown Montgomery Walter W. Dawson - Rockville Prince George’s. A. Gwynn Bowie ..Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Edward Turner. Centreville St. Mary’s John H. T. Briscoe Leonardtown Somerset E. McMaster Duer Princess Anne Talbot Harry E. Clark Easton Washington Martin L. Ingram Hagerstown Wicomico Rex Anderson Taylor Salisbury Worcester .Franklin Upshur Snow Hill

CLERKS OF COURTS (All terms expire 1950) Allegany ..Joseph E. Boden Cumberland Anne Arundel.... John H. Hopkins, 3rd Annapolis Baltimore T. Braden Silcott Towson Calvert. Alan W. Ross .Prince Frederick Caroline D. Ralph Horsey Denton Carroll Erman A. Shoemaker Westminster Cecil Ralph R. Crothers Elkton Charles Patrick C. Mudd La Plata Dorchester .Roy S. Melvin Cambridge Frederick Ellis C. Wachter. Frederick Garrett Richard L. Davis Oakland Harford .Garland R. Greer Bel Air Howard .Milton W. Baxley Ellicott City Kent W. Henry Gsell Chestertown Montgomery ..Clayton K. Watkins Rockville Prince George’s. .Waverly Webb ..Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Nellie B. Whiteley Centreville St. Mary’s -C. Benedict Greenwell Leonardtown Somerset Benjamin L. Barnes Princess Anne Talbot .John T. Baynard Easton Washington J. Guy Weagley. Hagerstown Wicomico Joseph W. T. Smith Salisbury Worcester Charles W. Nelson, Jr Snow Hill 194 MARYLAND MANUAL SHERIFFS (All terms expire 1950) Allegany Edward R. Muir Cumberland Anne Arundel Joseph W. Alton Annapolis Baltimore Clarence E. Deitz Towson Calvert Roy C. Howard Prince Frederick Caroline William E. Andrew Denton Carroll „..J. Wesley Mathias Westminster Cecil Elwood L. Boyd Elkton Charles Elmer M. Quade La Plata Dorchester Waldo Robinson - Cambridge Frederick Guy Anders Frederick Garrett Juniper S. Teats Oakland Harford Raymond A. Fulker -Bel Air Howard Frederick C. Kramer Ellicott City Kent Bartus 0. Vickers Chestertown Montgomery Frank I. Davis Rockville Prince George’s T. Ward Martin Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Oscar W. Tarr. Centreville St. Mary’s Willard B. Long Leonardtown Somerset Woodland Jackson Princess Anne Talbot A. Raymond Carroll Easton Washington Joseph D. Baker Hagerstown Wicomico Jesse Morris Pollitt Salisbury Worcester Arthur W. Duer. Snow Hill REGISTERS OF WILLS (All terms expire 1950) Allegany A. Charles Stewart Cumberland Anne Arundel R. Glenn Prout Annapolis Baltimore Joseph P. Connor Towson Calvert M. Kenneth Buckler Prince Frederick Caroline Carlton V. West Denton Carroll J. Walter Grumbine Westminster Cecil Andrew Seth Elkton Charles Evelyn R. Posey La Plata Dorchester Russell P. Smith Cambridge Frederick Harry D. Radcliff Frederick Garrett Vernie R. Smouse Oakland Harford Robert L. Wheeler. .. Bel Air Howard Raymond L. Pickett Ellicott City Kent Frisby N. Willson Chestertown Montgomery Walter C. Clarke Rockville Prince George’s Griffith S. Oursler ....Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Edward E. Coursey Centreville St. Mary’s Rosalie G. Clarke Leonardtown Somerset Florence E. Dryden Princess Anne Talbot Ruth R. Startt Easton Washington Harry Newcomer Hagerstown Wicomico J. Asbury Holloway Salisbury Worcester Frank E. Hudson Snow Hill MARYLAND MANUAL 195 JUDGES OF THE ORPHANS’ COURTS (All terms expire 1950) Allegany .. J. French Van Meter, Chief Cumberland William C. Abbott Cumberland Hugh Stevenson Cumberland Arundel ....Owain Elliott Owens, Chief. Annapolis Oscar E. Hartge Annapolis Charles G. Hill, Sr Annapolis Baltimore ...William M. Anderson, Jr., Chief. Towson William H. Burton Towson William G. Lynch Towson Calvert J. Arthur Bowen, Chief Prince Frederick Harry V. Lane Prince Frederick Lawrence W. Pardoe Prince Frederick Caroline ...Vacant J. Norris Coulby Denton Charles V. Moore Denton Carroll ... E. Lee Erb, Chief. Westminster Lewis E. Green Westminster Charles B. Kephart Westminster Cecil ...N. Munson Jackson, Chief Elkton Calvin M. Blake Elkton James P. McCoy Elkton Charles ..Thomas M. Jenkins, Chief La Plata Benjamin H. Doane La Plata R. Harvey Hayden La Plata Dorchester John J. Barth, Chief Cambridge John T. Adams Cambridge Carroll W. Thomas Cambridge Frederick ..Spencer E. Stup, Chief. Frederick J. Welty Fahrney Frederick William C. Roderick Frederick Garrett Henry M. Speicher, Chief Oakland Charles F. Hammond Oakland Ellsworth G. Moon Oakland Harford Amos H. Cooley, Chief. Bel Air John E. Strawbridge Bel Air William E. Hulshart Bel Air Howard J. Louis Snyder, Chief. Ellicott City Edwin E. Burgess Ellicott City William H. Hanson Ellicott City Kent H. Earle Cooper, Chief Chestertown El wood R. Wheat Chestertown Andrew W. Wilson Chestertown Montgomery Millward C. Taft, Chief Rockville William Tyler Page, Jr Rockville Charles H. Squire Rockville Prince George’s. William T. McPherson, Chief Upper Marlboro Lansdale G. Claggett Upper Marlboro Vincent A. Osterman Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Harry F. Callahan, Chief Centreville C. Tilghman Bishop Centreville W. Rembert Phillips Centreville 196 MARYLAND MANUAL

St. Mary’s Clem Tennison, Chief Leonardtown John M. Hodges Leonardtown A. Clarence Latham Leonardtown Somerset Lacy V. Bozman, Chief Princess Anne Henry Bedsworth Princess Anne Lacy West Tyler -- Princess Anne Talbot .Thomas M. Jenkins, Chief.. Easton Howard W. Newnam Easton Claude F. Sewell Easton Washington ..Samuel M. Hoffman, Chief. Hagerstown Lloyd K. Hoffman Hagerstown D. Joseph Witmer Hagerstown Wicomico ..Josiah V. McGrath, Chief.. Salisbury George T. Huston Salisbury Horace C. Baker Salisbury Worcester.. ..William E. Thomas, Chief.. Snow Hill Charles W. Pilchard ... Snow Hill LeRoy P. Stagg - Snow Hill

TREASURERS (All terms expire 1951) Allegany. Frederick C. Dreyer Cumberland Anne Arundel ..Joseph H. Griscom, Sr.... Annapolis Baltimore Charles L. Hammond Towson Calvert Mary E. King Prince Frederick Caroline .Sherman L. Tribbitt Denton Carroll ..Paul F. Kuhns Westminster Cecil ..Edwin S. Dorcus Elkton Charles ..George A. Wade La Plata Dorchester ..John S. Skinner Cambridge Frederick ..James H. Falk Frederick Garrett ...Arthur H. Green Oakland Harford ..Street Bowman Bel Air Howard ...Roland S. Maxwell Ellicott City Kent .Robert E. Lee Chestertown Montgomery John B. Diamond Rockville Prince George’s. James B. Bland ...Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s C. Percy Arrington Centreville St. Mary’s ...Charles J. Mattingly Leonardtown Somerset .Carlos Bozman Princess Anne Talbot - ..Charles N. Sheridan Easton Washington ..Hugh K. Troxell Hagerstown Wicomico ..Charles W. Bennett Salisbury Worcester ...John H. Stevens Snow Hill

COUNTY COMMISSIONERS (All terms expire 1950) Allegany. Charles N. Wilkinson, President Cumberland James Holmes Lonaconing William H. Lemmert Frostburg Lewis M. Wilson, Attorney Cumberland James G. Stevenson, Clerk Cumberland MARYLAND MANUAL 197 Anne Arundel. ...Weems R. Duvall, President Annapolis William Dawson West River Charles M. Russell Annapolis W. Benton Shipley...... Linthicum Frank A. Munroe Annapolis George E. Frank Annapolis Wm. Taylor Leatherbury West River Frank Moreland West River Benjamin Michaelson, Attorney. Annapolis R. Harry Arnold, Clerk Glen Bumie Baltimore. ...Christian H. Kahl, President Reisterstown John R. Haut Essex Bremen A. Trail .Granite George M. Berry, Attorney Lutherville John J. Caslin, Clerk Towson Calvert. ...A. Claud Turner, President Solomons J. Gill Denton Barstow Benjamin A. Sunderland Owings David A. Harkness, Attorney Mutual J. Lloyd Bowen, Clerk Prince Frederick Caroline. ...Emmett Hignutt, President Denton C. Jerome Brown, Jr Federalsburg Webster Todd Preston K. Thomas Evemgam, Attorney Denton Rachel Collison, Clerk Denton Carroll ..Emory A. Berwager, President Manchester Walter V. Bennett Sykesville Norman R. Hess Taneytown Theodore F. Brown, Attorney Westminster Paul F. Kuhns, Clerk Westminster Cecil. ..Thomas N. Kay, President North East Ira A. Moore Elkton Frank L. Rowland Port Deposit J. Albert Roney, Attorney North East Robert N. Nichols, Clerk Elkton Charles. ..Bernard L. Perry, President Wayside William M. Boone .....Waldorf Avery C. Monroe Nanjemoy F. DeSales Mudd, Attorney La Plata Georgietta Croft, Clerk La Plata Dorchester. ..M. Baker Robbins, President Andrews Claude W. Adams Cambridge Walter T. Andrews Cambridge Thomas W. Simmons, Attorney Cambridge J. Thomas Price, Clerk Cambridge Frederick.. .U. Grant Hooper, President Frederick Samuel H. \oung Frederick Robert R. Rhoderick Frederick Walter E. Sinn, Attorney Frederick Paul J. Green, Clerk Walkersville Garrett J. Edward Helbig, President Oakland Stewart F. Stahl Grantsville Jonas W. Sines Oakland Neil C. Fraley, Attorney Oakland J. J. Ashby, Jr., Clerk Oakland 198 MARYLAND MANUAL Harford. ..Hugh M. Laird, President Streett Milton R. Walker Bel Air W. Lee Linkous - Pylesville Brodnax Cameron, Attorney Bel Air Charles H. Hartman, Clerk Bel Air Howard. ...J. Frank Curtis, President Ellicott City E. Walter Scott Clarksville Charles E. Miller Ellicott City Charles E. Hogg, Attorney Ellicott City John L. Iglehart, Clerk Ellicott City Kent. William C. Francis, President Rock Hall W. Bruce Dukes Still Pond Julian W. Hurtt Galena S. Scott Beck, Jr., Attorney Chestertown John A. Legg, Clerk Still Pond Montgomery. ...Brooke Johns, President Rockville George Esworthy. Gaithersburg Wesley I. Sauter Bethesda Oliver W. Youngblood Takoma Park Charles H. Jamison Dickerson F. Barnard Welsh, Attorney Rockville J. Ernest Hawkins, Clerk Rockville Prince George’s. .. William A. Carson, President Riverdale John H. Beall Mt. Rainier D. Leonard Dyer Accokeek Harry W. McNamee Berwyn Norman H. Collins Forestville Waldo Bumside, Attorney Hyattsville Linden Briscoe, Clerk Brandywine Queen Anne’s. ...Claude Lowery, President Stevensville Casper T. Seney Price W. Walter Hollingsworth Chestertown John Palmer Smith, Attorney Centreville Frances C. Legg, Clerk Centreville St. Mary’s. . ...Capt. Matt Bailey, President Leonardtown Frank Bailey Morganza J. Frank Raley Ridge John H. T. Briscoe, Attorney Leonardtown A. F. King, Clerk Leonardtown Somerset. W. Clyde Ford, Jr., President Westover Norman Dryden Princess Anne William B. Maddox Crisfield L. Creston Beauchamp, Attomey...PrincessAnne Vivian E. Gatlin, Clerk Upper Fairmount Talbot. William E. Sharp, Sr., President Easton Percy J. Shortall Easton Omer Dulin, Sr Easton Charles J. Butler, Attorney. Easton Charles N. Sheridan, Clerk Easton Washington. I. Keller Shank, President Hagerstown Clarence V. Eldridge - Hagerstown Joseph M. Hoffman Williamsport Harry E. Newkirk Big Spring Winslow F. Burhans Hagerstown Charles F. Wagaman, Attorney Hagerstown Ami C. Saum, Clerk Hagerstown MARYLAND MANUAL 199 Wicomico W. E. Messick, President Salisbury W. Lee Allen Salisbury Ralph O. Dulany Fruitland Henry S. Todd, Jr Salisbury Wade H. Brittingham Salisbury W. Edgar Porter, Attorney Salisbury Elva E. Powell, Clerk Salisbury Worcester. Samuel E. Shockley, President Snow Hill Eugene P. Matthews Pocomoke City Joseph G. Harrison Berlin Godfrey Child, Attorney Pocomoke City Elizabeth M. Warner, Clerk Snow Hill

SURVEYORS (All terms expire 1951) Allegany Vacant Anne Arundel...... James D. Hicks Annapolis Baltimore Harry S. Morfoot Towson Calvert. Vacant Caroline John C. Fisher Denton Carroll Vacant Cecil John B. DeLancey Elkton Charles ..Vacant Dorchester ..Vacant Frederick Vacant Garrett . C. Milton Sincell Oakland Harford ..W. Elijah Somerville ..Bel Air Howard Vacant Kent Vacant Montgomery ..Robert E. Maddox Rockville Prince George’s. Vinton Duval Cockey... .Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Vacant St. Mary’s Vacant Somerset W. Ballard Miles Princess Anne Talbot ..Vacant Washington . J. Harold Seibert Hagerstown Wicomico ...Vacant Worcester .. Vacant

TRIAL MAGISTRATES (All terms expire 1949) Allegany Oliver H. Bruce, Jr Cumberland Frank A. Perdew Cumberland James P. Kenney Frostburg Alexander Nichol Frostburg John A. Laughlin Westemport Bernard F. McPartland Lonaconing Aloysius Monahan Mt. Savage John J. Cullen Midland Roy S. Bowman Cresaptown Joseph P. McCormick Barton Thomas E. Stakem, for Juvenile Causes Harold E. Naughton, Substitute 200 MARYLAND MANUAL

Anne Arundel. .Samuel Macaluso Annapolis David B. Dunker Femdale Norman T. Hazard Galesville Hugh K. Holmes, Third District Armiger Albert J. Goodman, Substitute Annapolis Baltimore. ..Johnson Bowie -...Towson J. Fred Andreae —Catonsville Carroll W. Royston Dundalk T. Frank Martin Essex Arthur McCormick Fullerton John T. Farrell Halethorpe Jesse A. Hitchcock Pikesville J. Fred Offutt. Cockeysville Edwin C. Bustard Edgemere Nelson R. Kerr Kingsville W. Evans Anderson Parkton Leonard D. Kinsey Reisterstown Thomas F. McDonough Sparrows Point John S. Mahle — .Woodlawn Thomas J. Hughes, Substitute Calvert ...William W. Duke - Prince Frederick Samuel Owings North Beach David A. Harkness, Substitute Caroline William J. Rickards - Denton Charles H. Dobson Federalsburg W. A. Stewart Wright, Substitute Carroll ...Raymond L. Benson .Westminster Vincent Tubman Manchester, Mt. Airy, Taneytown, Union Bridge and Sykesville Cecil ...James Weinroth Elkton James Rodney - Chesapeake City Benjamin Cole Perryville Clifford Marker Rising Sun Daniel H. Garrett, Substitute Charles ....Edward S. Diggs - La Plata Richard H. Stubbs, Substitute Dorchester. ....J. Richard Jones Cambridge Floyd N. Harper Hurlock Alton R. Andrews, Substitute Frederick Alton Y. Bennett Frederick Manuel M. Weinberg Frederick Howard Marvin Jones Brunswick William J. Stoner Thurmont Jacob E. Baker. Emmitsburg Edward J. Smith, Substitute Garrett H. A. Loraditch — Oakland J. Urban Stanton Grantsville Norval Speelman Friendsyille James E. Barrick. - Kitzmiller Daniel P. Smouse, Substitute Harford Stanley S. Spencer Bel Air G. Hewlett Coboum Havre de Grace N. Paul Cronin Aberdeen Edward C. Wilson, Jr Darlington Philip Brumfield Abingdon T. Leo Sullivan, Substitute MARYLAND MANUAL 201

Howard .Thomas Hunt Mayfield Ellicott City Richard T. Newman Elkridge James Edwin Haslup Savage J. Elmer Dowling, Substitute Kent William R. Howell Chestertown W. Clayton Johnson, Substitute Montgomery Alger Y. Barbee Rockville Warren Browning Bethesda William B. Wheeler. Silver Spring Alfred D. Noyes, for Juvenile Causes Prince George’s Allan Bowie .Upper Marlboro Arthur P. Owens Hyattsville Henry H. O’Neill, Substitute Queen Anne’s Willard C. Mitchell Centreville Percy Tucker, Substitute St. Mary’s J. Ralph Abell Leonardtown Robert S. Burroughs, Substitute Somerset Marvin H. Tawes Crisfield G. Beverly Holland Princess Anne Fred N. Holland, Substitute Talbot .Lee S. Gillis Easton Laurence E. Birge, Substitute Washington ..Martin V. B. Bostetter Hagerstown Harry E. Snyder. Hagerstown H. Ross Fite Hancock Elmer G. Miller Boonsboro John H. Hetzer. Williamsport Harvey M. Miller, for Juvenile Causes Wicomico... .Carl L. Walter Salisbury Harry E. Hudson, Substitute Worcester. .Fred A. Culver Berlin Crawford B. Hillman Pocomoke City Horace G. Payne Snow Hill James B. Robbins Ocean City

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (All terms expire 1949) Allegany None Anne Arundel. ...Charles Beck Glen Burnie Herbert B. Clark Sunset Beach Lester L. Disney Odenton Herman Groh Curtis Bay Rose L. Parkison Eastport Edwin C. Recker Brooklyn Norman Stadiger Riviera Beach John Wilson Pasadena Baltimore. ..S. Fred Heckman* Mt. Hays Calvert ..J. Austin Bowen Huntingtown John Alex Chaney* Owings Heber MacWilliams, Sr.* North Beach T. Howard Tongue Solomons Island Caroline. ..None Committing Magistrate. 202 MARYLAND MANUAL

Carroll...... Murray C. Bohn Union Bridge Malcolm Burman Manchester John H. Shirk Taneytown Laura Kate Shower Manchester Wilbur W. Magin* Taylorsville Cecil.. .. Arthur Willis* Elkton Charles Jessie C. Berch White Plains Peter Johnson Hughesville Richard H. Knott Indian Head Wallace Watson Gallant Green Richard L. Wright Marbury Dorchester. J. Millard Reid* Vienna Frederick None Garrett. J. B. Emory Bittinger Harford C. Harry Anderson* Joppa Donald Conrad* Edgewood William M. Dixon* Aberdeen Harry E. Dyer* Havre de Grace W. Dickey Jamison* Aberdeen Robert McKee Havre de Grace James A. O’Keefe* Edgewood Bryan J. Simpson* - Havre de Grace Clarence Street* Jarrettsville Howard B. H. Shipley Ellicott City Joseph L. Donovan* Lisbon Kent Charles H. Anthony* Millington Vernon Barnett* Chestertown Francis Kirby Chapin* Georgetown Joseph Davis* Rock Hall Wallace M. Ford* Betterton S ^ Luke J. Bennett, Jr Takoma Park A. Edward Biggs Silver Spring William Buckley Chevy Chase Edwin D. Burdette Hyattsville Luther Burdette - Gaithersburg Arthur T. Burke Silver Spring Samuel A. Carr Rockville William D. Clark Rockville Edwin B. Colie Silver Spring James B. Doten Takoma Park C. Clyde Harriss Rockville Frank P. Henley Rockville William E. Jobes Bethesda Robert E. Lee Kensington John Edward Lewis Clarksburg Beulah E. McCuen Glen Echo J. Kelly Magee Silver Spring Floyd A. Moxley. Damascus James C. Nicols Bethesda Samuel R. Robertson Bethesda Melvin S. Walter Bethesda Genevieve H. Wells Silver Spring Harry M. Williams Rockville George M. Wilmeth Takoma Park ♦Committing Magistrate. MARYLAND MANUAL 203 Prince George’s Ralph L. Bailey* Cottage City F. H. Billingsley* Brandywine Harry K. Clare* Riverdale W. R. C. Connick* Aquasco George W. Cox* Oxon Hill Judson R. Creecy* Spauldings Charles S. Davis* Laurel Raleigh A. Donley* Brentwood R. Mary Fainter* Hyattsville Harry Fiddesop* Hyattsville Thomas R. Freeman* Greenbelt Louis Gundling* Lanham H. R. Hodgson* Takoma Park Harold R. Manning* Edmondston Robert H. Palmer* Seat Pleasant George S. Phillips* Berwyn Irving A. Traband* Upper Marlboro James E. Wildman, Sr.* Bowie Gilbert E. Wilson* Piscataway Queen Anne’s Evelyn Fairbanks Stevensville M. Pearl Gardner Chester Clara E. O’Donnell Grasonville St. Mary’s Clarence S. Dodge Great Mills Woodley B. Bidgell Great Mills John W. Wathen Leonardtown Hugh Allston Ridge Somerset None Talbot None Washington Charles H. Cosens*.. Boonsboro Jacob F. Kuhn* Clearspring Edwin C. Schroyer*. Smithsburg Wicomico Owen McNeal Pittsville Arthur M. Rencher.. Nanticoke Worcester None

SUPERVISORS OF ELECTIONS (All terms expire 1949) Allegany. James E. Kenny, Chairman Westernport Harold A. Powell Cumberland Stanley O. Hamilton Cumberland Edward J. Ryan, Attorney Cumberland Patrick F. King, Clerk. Cumberland Anne Arundel Frank T. Stockett, President Linthicum Wilmer C. Watson Annapolis Harry E. Feldmeyer Eastport Matthew S. Evans, Attorney Annapolis Henry D. Schmitz, Clerk Annapolis *Committing Magistrate. 204 MARYLAND MANUAL

Baltimore. ...Donald W. Carroll, Chairman Sparks Rezin H. Hobbs Pikesville Louise E. Couper Dundalk Eugene M. Carozza, Attorney Catonsville Elra M. Palmer, Chief Clerk Baltimore Calvert. ...John C. Ward, Chairman North Beach Wilbur T. Grover Solomons William E. Langford Solomons Louis L. Goldstein, Attomey .Prince Frederick John W. Leitch, Clerk Prince Frederick Caroline. Thomas L. Trice, III, Chairman Preston Burton Wilkinson Ridgely Willie S. Carroll Ridgely Wilbert L. Merriken, Attorney Denton Marvin H. Smith, Clerk. Denton Carroll. ...Dr. J. Stanley Grabill, Chairman Mt. Airy Wilmas E. Bish Silver Run Roger H. Anders Westminster Ralph G. Hoffman, Attorney Westminster D. Carroll Owings, Clerk Westminster Cecil. ...Harvey W. Ewing, Chairman Rising Sun Albert C. Winchester Perryville H. Winfield Lewis Elkton E. Kirk Brown, Attorney. Elkton DeLancey Scott, Clerk Elkton Charles. ...J. Hampton Elder, Chairman La Plata S. W. Jackson Wayside Calvin L. Compton La Plata Edward S. Digges, Attorney La Plata Albert A. Hyde, Clerk - La Plata Dorchester. ...Ira Y. Wheatley, Chairman Cambridge C. Elwood Cheesman Madison J. H .Warfield Cambridge Frederick P. McBriety, Attorney Cambridge George Otis Dashiell, Clerk Cambridge Frederick. ... Grover C. Stewart, Chairman Brunswick Arthur Potts Frederick Ruth Moberly Frederick W. Jerome Offutt, Attorney. Frederick Robert A. Bennett, Clerk Frederick Garrett. A. Leo Helbig, Chairman Oakland Albert C. Shaffer Kitzmiller James A. Savage McHenry Asa T. Matthews, Attorney. Oakland Howard J. White, Clerk Oakland Harford. ... George A. Brookhart, Chairman Jarrettsville W. Leroy McMasters Havre de Grace McHenry Mitchell Bel Air Edward D. Higinbothom, Attorney. Bel Air Emily J. Hartman, Clerk Bel Air Howard ...George V. Dudrow, Chairman. Elkridge Arthur K. Pickett...... Clarksville William W. Pindell Glenwood Charles E. Hogg, Attorney Ellicott City Charles L. Gerwig, Clerk Ellicott City MARYLAND MANUAL 205

Kent. Percy M. Hepbron, Chairman Rock Hall William R. Crow Still Pond Henry S. Rasin Chestertown S. Scott, Beck, Jr., Attorney Chestertown Martha J. Moyer, Clerk. Chestertown Montgomery. Richard H. Lansdale, Chairman Sandy Spring William A. Volkman, Jr. Bethesda Willard A. King — Chevy Chase Carey E. Quinn, Attorney Bethesda Ward W. Caddington, Chief Clerk Rockville Prince George’s. Alexander L. Buscher, Chairman Berwyn Samuel A. Wyvill Upper Marlboro John S. Underwood Piscataway Frank M. Hall, Attorney - Upper Marlboro

Queen Anne’s. Walter W. Jewell, Chairman Grasonville Otto M. Cahall - Centreville W. A. Barwick Sudlersville Howard Wood, III, Attorney Centreville Merton R. Shawn, Clerk. Queenstown St. Mary’s R. Norman Yates, Chairman Compton Daniel J. Bowles Loveville W. Guy Herbert - Mechamcsville Wm. 0. E. Sterling, Attorney Leonardtown J. Clarence Taylor, Clerk Beachville Somerset. William T. Simpkins, Chairman...Princess Anne Oscar W. Christy Crisfield Raydie H. Sterling Crisfield Harry C. Dashiell, Attorney Princess Anne Lena T. Pollitt, Clerk Princess Anne Talbot. Edward A. Dudley, Chairman Easton W. Nathaniel Gannon - Easton Mary M. Davis Easton T. Hughlett Henry, Jr., Attorney Easton Nita H. Nevius, Clerk Easton Washington. J. Richard Rauth, Chairman Hagerstown William McP. Miller Hagerstown Luther W. Broom Hagerstown Calvert K. Hartle, Attorney Hagerstown Virginia S. Clopper, Clerk Hagerstown Wicomico S. King White, Chairman Salisbury Henry S. Parker - Salisbury Stanley G. Robins Salisbury Carroll E. Bounds, Attorney Salisbury John L. Morris, Clerk Salisbury Worcester. ...N. C. Phillips, Chairman Snow Hill C. Merwyn Burbage Stockton W. Earl Timmons Berlin Thomas F. Johnson, Attorney Snow Hill John C. Baker, Clerk. Snow Hill 206 MARYLAND MANUAL

SUPERVISORS OF ASSESSMENTS (Indefinite term) Allegany. .Somerville Nicholson.... Cumberland Anne Arundel...... Franklin E. Maddox Annapolis Baltimore Howard E. Burkhardt. Towson Calvert Russell H. Owings Prince Frederick Caroline A. Irvin Brumbaugh Denton Carroll ..Harry Auldon Dobson. Westminster Cecil Richard T. Boyle Elkton Charles Edward G. Edelen La Plata Dorchester Reginald A. Jones Cambridge Frederick A. LaMar Barrick Frederick Garrett Richard C. McComas.... Oakland Harford .Samuel L. Fyle Bel Air Howard ..William F. Myerly Ellicott City Kent .Conlyn E. Noland Chestertown Montgomery Wilton T. Allen Rockville Prince George’s. Louis W. Kutsch ..Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Harry C. Reynolds Centreville St. Mary’s George L. Lawrence Leonardtown Somerset John E. Holland Princess Anne Talbot Lee C. Vinyard Easton Washington Simon Clopper Hagerstown Wicomico George S. Johnson Salisbury Worcester Philip C. Dennis Snow Hill BOARDS OF EDUCATION Allegany— Edgar A. Dashiell, President Cumberland .1951 Horace P. Whitworth, Vice-President Westernport .1949 Wilbur V. Wilson, Associate Cumberland .1953 Anne Arundel— Edna E. Perrie, President Lothian .1951 Edna P. Payne, Vice-President Annapolis .1949 George T. Cromwell Ferndale .1951 Clarence E. Tyler Eastport 1953 Amos F. Hutchins, M.D Arnold .1949 Baltimore— Mrs. Alexander P. Rusk .Catonsville .1954 Frank L. LaMotte .Towson .1949 W. Delamere Akehurst Monkton .1950 Ernest E. Wooden .Woodensburg .... .1951 Emerson K. Patten Stoneleigh .1952 F. O. Schnure Sparrows Point. .1953 Calvert— H. Clare Briscoe Mutual .1951 W. George Ward Lower Marlboro .1953 Allen S. Bowen Huntingtown .... .1949 Ruth S. Grover. Owings 1951 Verna B. Lore Solomons .1949 Caroline— Roger R. Ringgold .Ridgely 1953 J. Virgil Moore _Denton .1949 J. Jerome Frampton, Jr .Federalsburg .1951 MARYLAND MANUAL 207

Carroll— Clyde L. Hesson, President .Taneytown .... .1950 Thomas H. Legg, M.D., Vice-President .Union Bridge. 1951 C. Robert Brilhart Manchester ... .1953 Mabel Necker Fmksburg .1948 Roy F. Grimm .ne, .1949 G. Norman Hunter. .Westminster .1952 Cecil— Reuben Reynolds North East..... 1953 Harvey R. Buck Port Deposit... 1951 Harold W. Cheyney. .Cecilton .1949 Charles— James T. Bowling, President. Wicomico .1951 Howard A. Townshend Bel Alton. 1949 Thomas L. Higdon, M.D Wayside .... 1953 Dorchester— Frank Robbins .Cambridge 1948 Scott Meekins .Cambridge .1949 Earle W. Orem .Cambridge 1950 Robert J. Parks .Crapo 1951 Alton H. Spear .Vienna 1952 James N. Medford Hurlock 1953 Frederick— George C. Rhoderick, Jr., President Middletown .1950 Mrs. Kent C. Nicodemus, Vice-President.Walkersville .1948 George J. Martin - Emmitsbuig .1949 Charles S. Lane, III Frederick 1951 Claude U. Stottlemyer Smithsburg . 1952 Mrs. John N. Howie Brunswick .... .1953 Garrett— Walter W. Dawson, President Oakland .1949 Stuart F. Hamill, Vice-President. Oakland .1951 Charles 0. Bender Grantsville .1953 Harford— ..Bel Air .1951 Stewart O. Day .1949 G. Ross Scarff - ..Fallston Mrs. Charles E. Bryan ..Havre de Grace. .1953 Howard— Woodbine .1949 Mrs. Willis L. Cissel ...Dayton .... .1951 John H. Brown - 1953 Col. Richard N. Atwell . Elkridge Kent— Xennedyville .. .1951 William B. Cleaver .1949 F. G. Livingood, M.D Chestertown .. Emerson Russell .Chestertown .. .1953 Montgomery— Chevy Chase .1948 Helen C. Walker, President. Silver Spring. .1950 H. Stanley Stine. - - Silver Spring. .1949 Mrs. Durward V. Sandifer. .Gaithersburg . .1951 Mrs. Herman M. Wilson .1952 James W. Gill - Silver Spring. Arthur B. Joseph Takoma Park. .1953 208 MARYLAND MANUAL Prince George’s— J. Frank Dent Clinton .1953 H. Edna Pitts Brentwood .1949 O. W. Phair. Laurel 1951 Queen Anne’s— W. Edward Barton Centreville .1951 Price Johnson Sudlersville .1953 Norman R. Hitch Queenstown .1949 St. Mary’s— J. Claude Johnson, President Morganza .1953 Maude S. Gardiner, Vice-President Mechanicsville .1949 G. Edward Thomas St. George Island. .1951 Somerset— E. E. Croswell Fairmount .1948 Evelyn B. Andrews .Crisfield .1949 E. Frank Fitzgerald Princess Anne .1950 Mrs. T. J. Smith Princess Anne .1951 Lennie G. Webster Deal Island 1952 J. Stanley Adams Marion Station .1953 Talbot— G. Elbert Marshall .Easton .1951 Mrs. L. H. Stewart McDaniel .1949 William Reddie Easton .1953 Washington— Philip A. Rauth, President Hancock .1951 Walter Shealy, M.D., Vice-President Sharpsburg .1949 Jack Beachley, M.D Hagerstown .1952 Alfred C. Huffer. Boonsboro .1950 Charles I. Wolfinger Smithburg 1948 Mary R. Garrott Hagerstown 1953 Wicomico— Henry W. Roberts Salisbury .1953 Wilbur M. Rounds Salisbury .1951 Mrs. Gardiner Spring, Jr Salisbury 1949 Worcester— Edward W. Ham _Pocomoke City .1949 John B. Lynch Ocean City .1951 Harris S. Corddry Snow Hill 1953

SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS (Indefinite term) Allegany Charles L. Kopp Cumberland Anne Arundel David S. Jenkins Annapolis Baltimore Edward G. Stapleton, Associate Towson Calvert. Harry R. Hughes Prince Frederick Caroline W. Stewart Fitzgerald Denton Carroll Samuel M. Jenness Westminster Cecil H. E. McBride Elkton Charles F. Bernard Gwynn La Plata MARYLAND MANUAL 209

Dorchester W. Theodore Boston. Cambridge Frederick Eugene W. Pruitt Frederick Garrett Franklin E. Rathbun. Oakland Harford C. W. Willis Bel Air Howard H. C. Brown Ellicott City Kent Reade W. Corr...... Chestertown Montgomery Edwin W. Broome Rockville Prince George’s G. Gardner Shugart .Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s Franklin D. Day Centre ville St. Mary’s Lettie M. Dent Leonardtown Somerset C. Allen Carlson Princess Anne Talbot J. Willard Davis Easton Washington William M. Brish Hagerstown Wicomico James M. Bennett Salisbury Worcester William S. Sartorius.. Snow Hill WELFARE BOARDS (Directors serve indefinite terms) Allegany— Elinor M. Westerfeld, Director ...Cumberland C. William Gilchrist, Chairman ...Cumberland 1952 Charles N. Wilkinson, Jr., County Commissioner ..Cumberland 1949 Rev. B. Ralph Mark ...Cumberland 1952 Thomas B. Finan ...Cumberland 1950 John R. Wilkinson ...Cumberland 1950 Mrs. Walter Jeffries ...Frostburg 1954 Mrs. Wm. M. Somerville ...Cumberland 1954 Anne Arundel— Mildred Johnson, Director ...Annapolis Dr. Robert S. G. Welch, Chairman ...Annapolis 1952 George E. Frank, County Commissioner. ..Annapolis 1949 Thomas John Hall, III ...Tracy’s Landing 1952 Orlando Ridout _St. Margaret’s 1950 Rev. Gilbert Hill ...Glen Burnie 1950 Emanuel Klawans Annapolis 1954 Mrs. Edgar Kemp ..Annapolis .,,1954 Baltimore— Grace Cockey, Director. ...Towson Philip E. Lamb, Chairman Towson 1954 Bremen A. Trail, County Commissioner.. ..Granite 1949 Mrs. Wm. D. Tipton ...Stoneleigh 1952 Fred J. Peper...... Essex 1952 Gwynn Crother ...Lutherville 1950 I. Waugh Matthews ...Sparks 1950 William J. Woolford ...Rodgers Forge 1954 Calvert— Elinor J. Marquess, Director ...Prince Frederick A. Claude Turner, County Commissioner ...Lusby 1948 Mrs. W. Bedford Glasscock ...Solomons 1952 Mrs. Floyd Gibson ...Owings 1952 Perry G. Bowen ..Adelina 1950 J. Albert Moreland ..Dunkirk 1950 Thomas B. Mackall Mackalls 1948 T. Reid Hutchins ..Barstow 1954 210 MARYLAND MANUAL

Caroline— Beulah L. Clopper, Director Denton Mrs. Harry Nuttle, Chairman Denton 1950 Webster Todd, County Commissioner. Preston 1949 Rev. Francis J. Hensel Ridgely 1952 J. Tyson Heather. Marydel 1952 James O. Wright. Preston 1950 David Sloan Federalsburg 1954 Luther Bennett, Jr Greensboro 1954

Carroll— Vacant, Director Sterling R. Schaeffer, Chairman... Westminster 1950 Norman R. Hess, County Commissioner .Taneytown 1949 E. S. Rockefeller. .Hampstead 1952 Herbert V. Anders Union Bridge 1952 Mrs. DeVries R. Hering .Sykesville 1950 Charles O. Fisher Westminster 1954 Edmund L. Carr Manchester 1954 Cecil— Elsie R. Coles, Director .Elkton Pierre N. LeBrun, Chairman Port Deposit 1950 Ira A. Moore, County Commissioner. Elkton 1949 Edmund W. Crothers .Elkton 1952 Joseph L. Thompson Elkton 1952 Harry H. Smith .Elkton 1952 Fletcher Hevelow .Cecilton 1954 Lawson Crothers North East 1954 Charles— Ruth G. Hayes, Director. La Plata P. Henry Bealle, Chairman Waldorf 1950 Bernard L. Perry, County Commissioner .Tompkinsville 1949 E. H. Henderson .Grayton 1952 Walter Jameson Hughesville 1952 Mrs. Victoria Bowling La Plata 1954 S. C. Long Wicomico 1954 Dorchester— James Hampton, Director Cambridge Roy Smith Cambridge 1954 Claude W. Adams, County Commissioner. .Cambridge 1949 Sewell Willey Andrews 1952 Wm. V. Smith Hurlock 1952 Kathleen H. Coll Cambridge 1950 H. Cleland Brooks Cambridge 1950 Scott Willey Vienna 1954 MARYLAND MANUAL 211

Frederick— Katherine L. Thomas, Director Frederick Rev. W. Merval Weaver, Chairman... Frederick 1950 Robert R. Rhoderick, County Commissioner Frederick 1949 Dr. Bernard 0. Thomas, Jr ..Frederick 1952 Rev. Ralph Miller. ..Brunswick 1952 Mrs. Richard Nallin ..Frederick 1950 Calvin Lohr Thurmont 1954 Lawrence Crickenberger ..New Market 1954

Garrett— Francis J. Connolly, Director ..Oakland Mrs. Homer L. Bennett, Chairman Oakland 1950 J. Edward Helbig, County Commissioner. ..Deer Park 1949 Dorsey T. Ashby ..Crellin 1952 Dan Hershberger ..Grantsville 1952 Emeric Dusic ..Oakland 1950 Leslie B. Sharpless .Kitzmiller 1954 Mrs. Robert Hoffman ..Oakland 1954

Harford— Henrietta Mace, Director Bel Air A. H. Wilson, Chairman Aberdeen 1950 Milton R. Walker, County Commissioner. Bel Air 1949 Mrs. Johns Hopkins Darlington 1952 Clayton R. Robinson .Streett 1952 Mrs. Michael W. Fahey Havre de Grace 1950 Col. Harry Spraker Allen H. St. Clair Rocks 1954 Howard— Elisabeth Marshall, Director .Ellicott City J. Carroll Jenkins, Chairman Ellicott City 1950 E. Walter Scott, County Commissioner. Clarkesville : 1949 Thomas A. Hays Elkridge 1952 W. Emil Thompson .Ellicott City 1952 Rev. Michael R. Egan Clarksville 1950 Charles H. Thompson .West Friendship 1954 Charles M. Scott ..Ellicott City 1954 Kent— Margaret R. Massey, Director ..Chestertown Everett S. Lamden, Chairman Chestertown 1952 W. B. Dukes, County Commissioner Kennedyville 1949 James Coleman ..Rock Hall 1950 Mrs. Harry T. Williams .Worton 1950 Mrs. Herman McCauley Galena 1952 Brian B. Kane ..Chestertown 1954 Louis H. Hollett..... Millington 1954 214 MARYLAND MANUAL

DEPUTY MEDICAL EXAMINERS (Indefinite term) Allegany ..H. V. Deming, M.D Cumberland Anne Arundel. ..John M. Claffy, M.D Annapolis Baltimore ..George S. M. Kieffer, M.D Arbutus Rollin C. Hudson, M.D Towson D. D. Caples, M.D.. Reisterstown M. B. Davis, M.D Dundalk Calvert ..Hugh W. Ward, M.D Owings Caroline ..Dawson 0. George, M.D Denton Carroll ..James T. Marsh, M.D Westminster Cecil ..Richard C. Dodson, M. D Rising Sun Charles ..James L. MacKavanagh, M.D La Plata Dorchester ..Joseph K. Shriver, M.D Cambridge Frederick R. W. Baer, M.D Frederick Garrett ,E. I. Baumgartner, M.D Oakland Harford James H. Ramsey, M.D Aberdeen Howard Alpha N. Herbert, M.D Ellicott City George E. Burgtorf, M.D Ellicott City Kent ..Frank B. Hines, M.D Chestertown Montgomery F. J. Broschart, M.D Gaithersburg Prince George’s. James I. Boyd, M.D. Washington John T. Maloney, M.D Cheverly Queen Anne’s Wm. H. Fisher, M.D Centreville St. Mary’s Julian S. Lane, M.D Leonardtown Somerset William H. Coulbourn, M.D Crisfield Henry M. Lankford, M.D Princess Anne Talbot Louis S. Welty, M.D Easton Washington ..S. R. Wells, M.D Hagerstown Wicomico ..L. A. Rademaker, M.D Salisbury Worcester .F. S. Waesche, M.D Snow Hill M. E. Sartorius, Sr., M.D Pocomoke City

LIQUOR LICENSE COMMISSIONS and LIQUOR CONTROL BOARDS Note: State Appeal Board acts in place of County License Com- missioners in Charles, Queen Anne’s and Somerset Counties. The County Commissioners compose ex-officio License Boards in the following counties: Caroline, Carroll, Cecil, Dorchester, Garrett, Howard and Kent. Allegany— (Commission) Walter C. Capper, Chairman Cumberland 1949 Fred Crowe .Frostburg 1949 Horace P. Whitworth, Sr .Westernport 1949 Anne Arundel—(Commission) Thomas W. Pumphrey, Jr., Chairman Riviera Beach 1949 Frank Wimmer, Jr Glen Bumie 1949 James H. Barrett Annapolis 1949 Baltimore— (Commission) W. Carroll Van Horn, Chairman Towson 1949 John L. Schafer. : Towson 1949 J. Braden Silcott, Jr Towson 1949 MARYLAND MANUAL 211

Frederick— Katherine L. Thomas, Director ..Frederick Rev. W. Merval Weaver, Chairman... Frederick 1950 Robert R. Rhoderick, County Commissioner. .Frederick 1949 Dr. Bernard O. Thomas, Jr ..Frederick 1952 Rev. Ralph Miller. ..Brunswick 1952 Mrs. Richard Nallin ..Frederick 1950 Calvin Lohr Thurmont 1954 Lawrence Crickenberger ..New Market 1954

Garrett— Francis J. Connolly, Director ..Oakland Mrs. Homer L. Bennett, Chairman ..Oakland 1950 J. Edward Helbig, County Commissioner. ..Deer Park 1949 Dorsey T. Ashby ..Crellin 1952 Dan Hershberger ..Grantsville 1952 Emeric Dusic ..Oakland 1950 Leslie B. Sharpless ..Kitzmiller 1954 Mrs. Robert Hoffman ..Oakland 1954

Harford— Henrietta Mace, Director Bel Air A. H. Wilson, Chairman Aberdeen 1950 Milton R. Walker, County Commissioner .Bel Air 1949 Mrs. Johns Hopkins Darlington 1952 Clayton R. Robinson .Street! 1952 Mrs. Michael W. Fahey Havre de Grace 1950 Col. Harry Spraker Allen H. St. Clair Rocks 1954 Howard— Elisabeth Marshall, Director .Ellicott City J. Carroll Jenkins, Chairman Ellicott City - 1950 E. Walter Scott, County Commissioner. .Clarkesville 1949 Thomas A. Hays Elkridge 1952 W. Emil Thompson .Ellicott City 1952 Rev. Michael R. Egan Clarksville 1950 Charles H. Thompson .West Friendship 1954 Charles M. Scott ..Ellicott City 1954 Kent— Margaret R. Massey, Director Chestertown Everett S. Lamden, Chairman Chestertown 1952 W. B. Dukes, County Commissioner Kennedyville 1949 James Coleman Rock Hall 1950 Mrs. Harry T. Williams Worton 1950 Mrs. Herman McCauley Galena 1952 Brian B. Kane Chestertown 1954 Louis H. Hollett Millington 1954 212 MARYLAND MANUAL

Montgomery— William E. Royer, Director Adolph E. Gude, Chairman Rockville 1950 Brooke Johns, County Commissioner Olney 1949 Edwin Brown Poolesville 1952 Raymond Kemp Laytonsville 1952 Fred Lutes - -Silver Spring 1950 Mrs. Lillian Smith Bethesda ...1954 Mrs. Louis Gravelle Bethesda 1954 Prince George’s— Dorothy H. Ogbum, Director Hyattsville John W. Sharper, Chairman Washington, D. C 1954 Norman H. Collins, County Commissioner Forestville 1949 C. Norris Hartman Washington, D. C 1952 Mrs. Richard Zantzinger — Upper Marlboro 1952 H. Clay Whiteford. Hyattsville 1950 Mrs. G. Carville Bowen University Park 1950 Mrs. G. W. S. Musgrave Laurel 1954 Queen Anne’s— Mary H. Davis, Director Centreville John Meredith, Chairman .Centreville 1950 Casper T. Seney, County Commissioner Price 1954 Capt. Phillip W. Reeves Centreville 1952 Nathaniel Johnson Sudlersville 1952 E. Oliver Legg. Stevensville — 1950 Allan G. McFarland Church Hill 1954 Gordon L. Shawn Queenstown 1954 St. Mary’s Vacant, Director Ninion P. Barber, Chairman ..Mechanicsville 1950 Frank Bailey, County Commissioner. ..Morganza 1949 Mrs. J. Julius Johnson ..Bushwood 1952 Kennedy Abell ..Leonardtown 1952 Charles D. Birch. _St. Inigoes 1950 G. Edward Thomas ..St. George’s Island 1954 Wm. Haverman Mattingly... Abel 1954 Somerset— Elizabeth W. Hall, Director ..Princess Anne Norman Dryden, Chairman, County Commissioner ..Princess Anne 1954 Percy White ..Princess Anne _ 1952 Lloyd Chamberlin ..Westover 1952 R. T. Testerman .Princess Anne 1950 Dr. Stephen P. Fuller Crisfield 1950 E. Walter Long ..Princess Anne 1954 Dr. T. B. Whaley ..Rumbley 1954 Talbot- Vacant, Director George K. Harrison, Chairman Sherwood 1950 William E. Sharp, Sr., County Commissioner. ..Fasten 1949 Norman M. Shannahan .....St. Michaels 1952 Emory W. Slaughter. Fasten 1952 Gustif Mielke Easton 1950 Charles B. Adams Trappe 1954 Herbert Chance Easton 1954 MARYLAND MANUAL 213

Washington— Catherine Shipley, Director. .Hagerstown Mrs. J. Alvey Long, Chairman Hagerstown 1950 Joseph M. Hoffman, County Commissioner— ..Williamsport 1949 Edith H. Wolfinger ..Smithsburg 1952 Hugh E. Ford Boonsboro 1952 M. E. Ellinger Hagerstown 1950 Guy K. Angle Big Spring 1954 Stanley P. F. Kline Boonsboro 1954 Wicomico— M. Beatrice Pryor, Director Salisbury Herman E. Perdue, Chairman ..Salisbury 1952 Wade H. Brittingham, County Commissioner. Salisbury 1949 Gorman Rayne.— ...Pittsville -.... 1952 H. Milton Hearne Hebron 1950 Mrs. John T. Holt Salisbury 1950 Mrs. Lester A. Hall .....Delmar 1954 Luther E. Payne ... Allen 1954 Worcester— Vacant, Director R. Harlan Robertson, Chairman.. Pocomoke City. 1952 Samuel E. Shockley, County Commissioner ..Snow Hill 1948 Allan Schoolfield— Pocomoke City. 1952 Ralph A. Ross Pocomoke City 1950 Dr. James T. Cabler ..Snow Hill 1950 Lena Bowen Layton ..Berlin 1948 Robert Phillips, III ..Berlin 1948

HEALTH OFFICERS (Indefinite term) Allegany ..W. R. Frantz, M.D Cumberland Anne Arundel ,.W. J. French, M.D Annapolis Baltimore ,.W. H. F. Warthen, M.D Towson Calvert. ,.H. W. Ward, M.D Prince Frederick Caroline W. B. Johnson, M.D Denton Carroll ,.W. C. Stone, M.D Westminster Cecil ..John Collinson, M.D Elkton Charles ,.W. A. Harris, M. D La Plata Dorchester ,.W. B. Johnson, M.D Cambridge Frederick ...Donald J. Roop, M.D Frederick Garrett ...W. R. Frantz, M.D. (Acting) Oakland Harford ...Charles Richardson, Jr., M.D Bel Air Howard ,.T. R. Shrop, M.D Ellicott City Kent ...A, F. Whitsitt, M.D —Chestertown Montgomery V. L. Ellicott, M.D Rockville Prince George’s.. ...Thomas S. Englar, M. D Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s ..L. S. Welty, M.D. (Acting) Centreville St. Mary’s ...George E. Waters, M.D Leonardtown Somerset .R. H. Johnson, M.D - Princess Anne Talbot ,.L. S. Welty, M.D Easton Washington ...P. F. Prather, M.D - Hagerstown Wicomico ...S. H. Hurdle, M.D Salisbury Worcester ...F. S. Waesche, M.D Snow Hill 214 MARYLAND MANUAL

DEPUTY MEDICAL EXAMINERS (Indefinite term) Allegany H. V. Deming, M.D Cumberland Anne Arundel John M. Claffy, M.D Annapolis Baltimore George S. M. Kieffer, M.D Arbutus Rollin C. Hudson, M.D Towson D. D. Caples, M.D.. Reisterstown M. B. Davis, M.D Dundalk Calvert Hugh W. Ward, M.D Owings Caroline Dawson 0. George, M.D Denton Carroll James T. Marsh, M.D Westminster Cecil Richard C. Dodson, M. D Rising Sun Charles James L. MacKavanagh, M.D La Plata Dorchester Joseph K. Shriver, M.D Cambridge Frederick R. W. Baer, M.D Frederick Garrett E. I. Baumgartner, M.D Oakland Harford James H. Ramsey, M.D Aberdeen Howard Alpha N. Herbert, M.D Ellicott City George E. Burgtorf, M.D Ellicott City Kent Frank B. Hines, M.D Chestertown Montgomery F. J. Broschart, M.D Gaithersburg Prince George’s James I. Boyd, M.D Washington John T. Maloney, M.D Cheverly Queen Anne’s Wm. H. Fisher, M.D. Centreville St. Mary’s Julian S. Lane, M.D Leonardtown Somerset William H. Coulbourn, M.D Crisfield Henry M. Lankford, M.D Princess Anne Talbot Louis S. Welty, M.D Easton Washington S. R. Wells, M.D Hagerstown Wicomico L. A. Rademaker, M.D Salisbury Worcester F. S. Waesche, M.D Snow Hill M. E. Sartorius, Sr., M.D Pocomoke City

LIQUOR LICENSE COMMISSIONS and LIQUOR CONTROL BOARDS Note: State Appeal Board acts in place of County License Com- missioners in Charles, Queen Anne’s and Somerset Counties. The County Commissioners compose ex-officio License Boards in the following counties: Caroline, Carroll, Cecil, Dorchester, Garrett, Howard and Kent. Allegany— (Commission) Walter C. Capper, Chairman Cumberland 1949 Fred Crowe .Frostburg 1949 Horace P. Whitworth, Sr. Westernport 1949 Anne Arundel— (Commission) Thomas W. Pumphrey, Jr., Chairman Riviera Beach 1949 Frank Wimmer, Jr .Glen Bumie 1949 James H. Barrett Annapolis 1949 Baltimore— (Commission) W. Carroll Van Horn, Chairman Towson 1949 John L. Schafer. : Towson 1949 J. Braden Silcott, Jr Towson 1949 MARYLAND MANUAL 215

Calvert— (Commission) Carrow T. Prout, Chairman Owings 1949 Claiborne Meade .Huntingtown 1949 Thomas M. Hardesty .St. Leonards 1949 Frederick— (Commission ) G. Cleveland Trout Frederick Indefinite Harford—(Commission and Control Board) E. J. Cox, Chairman Bel Air .1951 Louis Getz Bel Air .1950 James J. McGuigan Bel Air .1949 Montgomery—(Commission and Control Board) J. Forest Walker, Chairman .Gaithersburg 1951 Kate W. Shaw. Rockville 1951 W. Pearce Hunter. Beallsville 1951 Chester F. Clagett Rockville 1951 William G. Carl Chevy Chase 1951 Prince George’s—(Commission) Jeremiah J. Crowley handover 1949 William H. Brooks .Upper Marlboro 1949 Mary W. Browning Riverdale 1949 St. Mary’s—(Commission) John W. Wible ..Leonardtown 1953 J. Aubrey Norris ..Great Mills 1951 Joseph D. Weiner Leonardtown 1949 Somerset— (Control Board ) Wilbert J. Coulbourne Crisfield 1951 James A. Cotteman Princess Anne 1951 Elmer F. Caplin .Upper Fairmount 1951 Talbot— (Commission) Harry R. Howeth Easton 1953 Oscar A. Mullikin Trappe 1951 Howard Andrews Easton 1949 W ashington— (Commission) Robert H. McCauley Hagerstown 1951 Frederick W. Sweeney Hagerstown 1951 Bruce C. Lighter Hagerstown 1951 Wicomico— (Control Board) William R. Parsons Pittsville 1949 Richard E. Cullens Del Mar 1949 Clinton E. Quillin Salisbury 1949 Worcester— (Control Board) Daniel Tremper, Jr Ocean City 1955 Linwood C. Duncan ...Pocomoke City 1955 John S. Whaley. ...Snow Hill 1955 216 MARYLAND MANUAL

PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMISSIONS Baltimore— G. Clyde Andrew. Riderwood 1949 James E. Cody. Middle River 1950 J. B. Myers •Relay 1951 Albert D. Hutzler. Pikesville 1952 Mrs. G. William Sattler. Herford 1953 Giles Sydnor...... Dundalk 1954 Irwin P. Trail .Liberty Road (7) 1955 Cecil— Mrs. Frederick Berg.. Fredericktown ...1955 Mrs. Henry V. Davis Chesapeake City ...1949 Guy Johnson Elkton ...1950 Frank L. Rowland Port Deposit ...1951 John M. Smith North East .1952 Mrs. Daniel Fraser Rising Sun ..1953 Mrs. C. I. Benson Perryville .1954 Garrett— B. O. Aiken Accident 1955 Goldie B. Bittle Oakland ... 1949 Wilbur J. Glenn Friendsville 1950 Marshall Granville Brown Grantsville 1951 F. E. Rathbun Oakland 1952 B. I. Gonder. Oakland 1953 Caroline W. Wilson Kitzmiller 1954 Harford— Mrs. John Mitchell Aberdeen .1949 Mrs. Samuel Mason, Jr Darlington .1950 Estella Everett Emmorton 1951 Milton C. Wright Bel Air .1952 Mrs. Brodnax Cameron Fallston Z... .1953 William S. James Havre de Grace .1954 Marguerite D. Scarff Monkton .1955 Howard— Milton W. Baxley. Simpsonville .1949 Mrs. Eugene Smith Elkridge ...1950 Mrs. Norman Betts Ellicott City .1951 William W. Pindell Glenwood ...1952 Mrs. R. Neville Arrington West Friendship... .1953 Samuel L. Pfefferkom Ellicott City .1954 Mrs. Thomas T. Gwin Ellicott City .1955 Prince George’s Mrs. William Breen Oxon Hill 1955 Mrs. Louis P. Ditman Berwyn 1950 Howard Brown Bladensburg 1951 Evelyn Jarrell Hyattsville 1952 Mrs. James B. McMurtrey, Jr Mitchellville 1953 Boswell E. Brooks Fairmount Heights 1954 J. Howard Hopkins Laurel 1949 MARYLAND MANUAL 217

COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AGENTS (Indefinite term) Allegany - R. F* McHenry Cumberland Anne Arundel S. E. Day. Annapolis Baltimore H. B. Derrick Towson Calvert. Robert Hall - Prince Frederick Caroline Francis Rogers Denton Carroll L. C. Burns Westminster Cecil Richard S. Sutton Elkton Charles Paul D. Brown La Plata Dorchester H. W. Beggs Cambridge Frederick H. R. Shoemaker Frederick Garrett John H. Carter - Oakland Harford H. M. Carroll ...... Bel Air Howard W. G. Myers Ellicott City Kent James D. McVean - Chestertown Montgomery. O. W. Anderson Rockville Prince George’s P. E. Clark... Upper Marlboro Queen Anne’s J. W. Eby Centreville St. Mary’s ....J. J. Johnson Leonardtown Somerset C. Z. Keller Princess Anne Talbot R. S. Brown Easton Washington M. K. Miller. Hagerstown Wicomico J. P. Brown - Salisbury Worcester. R. T. Grant Snow Hill

ASSISTANT COUNTY AGENTS (Indefinite term) Allegany and Garrett Joseph Steger Cumberland Anne Arundel & Calvert W. B. Vanderford Annapolis Baltimore Frank R. McFarland Towson Carroll J. R. Schabinger.. Westminster Cecil M. Gist Welling Elkton Charles and St. Mary’s S. B. Burch La Plata Dorchester and Talbot Charles Crawford Cambridge Frederick H. B. Jones Frederick Harford R. Bechtold Bel Air Howard ..B. S. Cissel Ellicott City Kent Stanley Sutton Chestertown Montgomery R. N. Whipp Rockville Washington Raymond Mueller Hagerstown Wicomico J. A. Duncan Salisbury LOCAL AGENTS (Colored) (Indefinite term) Anne Arundel & Calvert.J. R. Jennings Owings Charles and St. Mary’s M. Hull Bryans Road Eastern Shore L. H. Martin Princess Anne Prince George’s J. Taylor Upper Marlboro Southern Maryland M. G. Bailey, District Agent Seat Pleasant 218 MARYLAND MANUAL

COUNTY HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS (Indefinite term) Allegany Maude A. Bean Cumberland Anne Arundel Miriam Parmenter Annapolis Baltimore Anna Trentham Towson Calvert Florence Buchanan Prince Frederick Caroline Bessie Spafford Denton Carroll Evelyn D. Scott Westminster Cecil -Vacant Elkton Charles Vacant La Plata Dorchester Hattie E. Brooks Cambridge Frederick Loa Davis! Frederick Garrett Mary B. Orr ...Oakland Harford Alga D. Weaver Bel Air Howard Mildred J. Flanagan Ellicott City Kent Clara L. Lausterer Chestertown Montgomery E. M. Turner Rockville Prince George’s Ethel Regan Hyattsville Queen Anne’s Ella N. Damon Centreville St. Mary’s Ethel Joy. Leonardtown Somerset Hilda Topfer Princess Anne Tnlbot Margaret Smith Easton Washington Ardath E. Martin Hagerstown Wicomico Nell G. Grim. Salisbury Worcester. Anne A. Hilger Snow Hill

ASSISTANT COUNTY HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS (Indefinite Term) Allegany Gloria Bohn .Cumberland Baltimore Laura Jeanne Wood. Towson Carroll Dorothy Haines .Westminster Frederick Miriam Leiter Frederick Harford Doris Keplinger Bel Air Montgomery Virginia McLuckie Rockville Washington Vacant ..Hagerstown

LOCAL HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS (Colored) (Indefinite Term) Charles and St. Mary’s Octavia Staves Seat Pleasant Montgomery, St. Mary’s, Charles, and Prince George’s..Ethel Bianchi Seat Pleasant Somerset and Wicomico Omega Moore Jones Princess Anne MARYLAND MANUAL 219

ADDITIONAL COUNTY OFFICERS ANNE ARUNDEL BUDGET SUPERVISOR OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY H. Cleveland Logue Baltimore indefinite BOARD OF EXAMINERS AND SUPERVISORS OF INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND WIRING FOR ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY Jesse Fisher, Chief Annapolis Fire Dept Annapolis indefinite Charles E. Skipper Annapolis indefinite Harold J. Katski West River indefinite ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY SANITARY COMMISSION W. Calvin Gray, Chairman Brooklyn, 25 1949 Caldwell Woodruff, M.D Linthicum Heights 1950 John R. Rickert Femdale 1951 o CALVERT BOARD OF ELECTRICAL EXAMINERS AND SUPERVISORS OF CALVERT COUNTY A. Claud Turner, President Board of County Commissioners Lusby 1950 George W. Dorsey - Prince Frederick 1950 Toney Horsman Prince Frederick 1950

FREDERICK SUPERVISORS OF ELECTION FOR FREDERICK CITY Ernest F. Kennedy Frederick 1949 Travis J. Nikirk Frederick 1949 George T. Schroeder. Frederick 1949 COUNTY ROADS BOARD FOR FREDERICK COUNTY U. Grant Hooper, Board of County Commissioners... ..Frederick 1950 Robert R. Rhoderick, Board of County Commissioners... Frederick 1950 Samuel H. Young, Board of County Commissioners .. ..Frederick 1950 Roy M. Fisher Frederick 1948 John A. Engle - Frederick 1949 William Hobbs ..Frederick 1950 Avery Browning. . Frederick 1951 John Messier ..Frederick 1952 o MONTGOMERY PERMANENT BOARD OF REGISTRY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY Rose K. Dawson Rockville 1949 Ward W. Caddington Rockville 1949 220 MARYLAND MANUAL

II. BALTIMORE CITY Note: When Baltimore City became a separate governmental entity, divorced from all county connections, it maintained the officers characteristic of Maryland county government at that time with the exception of those in the Executive branch who were called Mayor and Council rather than Board of County Commissioners. Since that time the expansion of the City has brought about a high degree of specialization in the executive and administrative agencies so that the present government of Baltimore, with the exception of the traditional county offices and functions, bears little resemblance to the government of any of the counties. It has been thought advisable for the purpose of the Maryland Manual to list, first, the traditional county officers which have been carried over into the City government and second those which are characteristic only of the City. This distinction is, however, difficult to make in the cases of more recent functions of local government such as health, welfare and education and in these cases these agencies have been listed with the traditional county officers for the sake of convenience.

1. COUNTY OFFICES State’s Attorney J. Bernard Wells .1951 Clerk Superior Court M. Luther Pittman .1950 Clerk Circuit Court Henry J. Ripperger ...1950 Clerk Circuit. Court No. 2 - - John S. Clarke .1950 Clerk Baltimore City Court John 0. Rutherford .1950 Clerk Criminal Court Wilford L. Carter ...1950 Clerk Court of Common Pleas Frank C. Robey. ...1950 Sheriff. John C. Deegan .1950 Register of Wills John H. Bouse .1950 Judges of Orphans’ Court Leo J. Cummings, Chief... .1950 Samuel Lasch 1950 Dulany Foster 1950 City Surveyor Edward J. Hecker 1951 Supervisors of Elections Daniel B. Chambers, Chm 1949 Charles A. Anderton of W 1949 Charles A. Dorsey. 1949 Supervisor of Assessments Robert L. Mainen indefinite Board of School Commissioners Roszel C. Thomsen, Pres 1950 Elizabeth L. Morrissy. 1954 Victoria R. J. Rysanek..„ 1954 Walter Sondheim, Jr 1954 J. Ben Robinson I960 George W. F. McMechen 1950 J. Truman Thompson 1952 John R. Sherwood 1952 D. C. Wharton Smith 1952 Supt. of Public Instruction William H. Lemmel indefinite MARYLAND MANUAL 221

Board of Welfare Thomas J. S. Waxter, Director 1950 Thomas D’Alesandro, J r Ex-officio Huntington Williams, M.D Ex-officio Francis A. Davis, Chairman 1952 L. Edwin Goldman 1950 P. L. Goldsborough, Jr 1950 Ralph J. Young, M.D 1948 Esther L. Richards, M.D 1948 William L. Galvin 1952 W. Boulton Kelly 1952 Commissioner of Health Huntington Williams, M.D 1950 Chief Medical Examiner Howard J. Maldeis, M.D....indefinite Board of License Commissioners Francis A. Michel, Chm 1949 George Blackiston, Sr 1949 George M. Englar 1949 Probation Officer of Supreme Bench Charles F. Snyder indefinite -o MAGISTRATES (All Terms Expire 1949) Baltimore City Traffic Court Joseph Wyatt, Chief Stephen P. Campbell, Jr. William M. Hudnut Joseph Kolodny Joseph Leiter Henry Miller Police Magistrates James R. Cadden, Chief Central Station Reuben Caplan Northern Station Thomas L. Fitzpatrick Northwestern Station Herbert F. Franklin Southern Station August A. Kozlovsky Northeastern Station Preston A. Pairo Western Station Julius A. Romano Southwestern Station Frank J. Schap Eastern Station James H. Ellis, Jr At Large Harry S. Kruger At Large

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JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (All Terms Expire 1949) Name Address Ward Marion A. Figinski 437 S. Ellwood Ave 1st Isaac Berman 228 S. Broadway 3rd Samuel Skolnik 2404 E. Baltimore St 6th J. Alfred Callanan , 1716 Oliver St 8th Louis Binder 2203 W. North Ave 15th Henry W. Schultheis 3721 Edmondson Ave 20th William D. Schofield, Jr.. ,510 S. Conkling St 26th Lipman Renbaum 3309 Pinkney Rd 27th 222 MARYLAND MANUAL

First Legislative District Daniel Friedman 217 N. Pearl St. Alexander J. Lane 511 S. Linwood Ave. Harold Lewis 920 E. Baltimore St. Stanley J. Lysakoski. 1622 Fleet St. Joseph F. Mannion .3520 E. Fayette St. John M. Weber 401 S. Chester St. George P. Welzant 2737 Eastern Ave. Second Legislative District Meyer M. Cardin. 233 Equitable Bldg. Leo M. Kavanagh 409 N. Luzerne Ave. Bernard Potts 115 N. Broadway William A. Renzi. 2117 Jefferson St. Benjamin Unger... 2420 E. Baltimore St. Albert Weinstein.. 212 N. Broadway Ben Weintraub 1730 E. Fayette St. George Werner 423 N. Milton Ave. Third Legislative District Santi B. Barranco ... 4670 York Rd. Walter R. Eney. Hopkins Apts., 31st & St. Paul William E. Mahrer.. 2800 Erdman Ave. Henry B. Mann 2622 Evergreen Ave. G. William Peppier. 1814 N. Chester St. Edward Weglein 3400 Dudley Ave. Fourth Legislative District Reuben Caplan 3004 Tioga Parkway Calvin Douglass 901 N. Fremont Ave. Benson Gross 2903 Boarman Ave. Leonard J. Harmatz. .3602 Park Heights Ave. Solomon Liss 2617 Quantico Ave. Vito A. Marino. .2324 Druid Park Drive Morton Robinson 2430 Linden Ave. Edward L. Rubin 2312 Anoka Ave. Leon Zalis 2900 Reisterstown Rd. Fifth Legislative District Samuel J. Aaron 3833 Boarman Ave. Maurice Cardin 3400 Carlisle Ave. Samuel S. Katz 7008 Pk. Hts. Ave. S. Richard Nathanson 4212 Springdale Ave. John B. Neviser 3909 Edgewood Rd. Herman Pumpian ■ 4900 Palmer Ave. Jesse A. Rose 3404 Bancroft Rd. Louis J. Sagner 2606 Queen Anne Rd. Samuel R. Zetzer .4206 Springdale Ave. Sixth Legislative District Moses J. Cohen 5 W. Hill St. Michael S. P. Cox ZZZ'ZZZZ 410 E. Fort Ave. William J. Myers ZZZ. 4104 Brooklyn Ave. Philip Provenza 1118 Hull St. MARYLAND MANUAL 223

At Large Edward A. Belaga 3511 Lynchester Rd. Herman Berlin 2119 Callow Ave. Max L. Berman 3318 Burleith Ave. Harvey C. Bickel 310 Southway Robert R. Cohen 4201 Granada Ave. Thomas J. Collins 316 Mt. Holly St. John F. Conroy 107 W. Monument St. James A. Dunn 509 Hollen Rd. Max L. Epstein 3450 Dolfield Ave. Samuel H. Feldstein 2204 Chilholm Rd. Ervin S. Freedman .. .3315 Powhatan Ave. David Friedman 3019 Walcott Ave. A. David Gomborov 3303 Ferndale Ave. Walter W. Hamill 705 Gladstone Ave. U. Theodore Hayes .1810 Edmondson Ave. Louis D. Jefferey. 5200 Park Hts. Ave. Leon I. Kappelman 3704 Edgewood Rd. Harry Kairys 3504 Rosedale Ave. Alfred S. Mund Equitable Bldg. Edwin T. Murphy 103 Sorento Ave. John W. McGrain 1731 Bolton St. Joseph I. Paper 4830 Wilfern Ave. Stanley Paul 3229 Burleith Ave. Samuel S. Sapero 3235 Powhatan Ave. Manuel Schwartz 3900 Dolfield Ave. J. O. Shuger 3605 Menlo Drive Louis Silberstein 3502 Dennison Rd. Simon Nobel Silverberg. 3617 Glengyle Ave. Samuel L. Silverman 3229 Powhatan Ave. Harry YafFe .3812 Woodhaven Ave.

2. MUNICIPAL OFFICES Mayor. Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr 1951 Members of the City Council C. Markland Kelly, Pres 1951 Councilmanic District 1 William Bonnett 1951 John T. Booth 1951 Simon P. Jarosinski 1951 Councilmanic District 2. .. Anthony F. Di Domenico 1951 Ambrose J. Kennedy, Jr 1951 Medio Waldt 1951 Councilmanic Distinct 3.. James F. Arthur. 1951 Walter J. Dewees 1951 John T. Mullin, Sr 1951 Thomas R. Reid 1951 Councilmanic District 4.. ..Leon Abramson 1951 Maxwell Alpert 1951 Jacob J. Edelman 1951 Councilmanic District 5.. ..H. Warren Buckler, Jr 1951 William J. Muth 1951 John H. Reed 1951 Charles A. Masson 1951 Councilmanic District 6. Edward A. Freburger 1951 John J. McMenamen 1951 Charles H. Wenger. 1951 224 MARYLAND MANUAL

Board of Estimates C. Markland Kelly, President Ex-officio Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., Mayor Ex-officio J. Neil McCardell, Comptroller Ex-officio Paul L. Holland, Director of Public Works Ex-officio Thos. N. Biddison, City Solicitor. Ex-officio City Comptroller ..J. Neil McCardell 1951 City Treasurer John J. Ghinger 1951 Director of Assessments ...M. Frank Fitzpatrick indefinite Commissioners of Finance ..E. Asbury Davis, President 1951 City Auditor. ..Howard C. Beck, Jr indefinite Budget Director ..Herbert Fallin indefinite City Solicitor. ..Thomas N. Biddison 1951 Director of Public Works ..Paul L. Holland 1951 Police Commissioner. ..Hamilton Atkinson 1949 Board of Fire Commissioners. ..Frank J. Bauer, President 1951 Charles J. Wells 1951 Edmund Budnitz 1951 Jail Board . J. Marshall Stewart, Pres 1949 Board of Recreation & Parks Robert Garrett, President 1953 Planning Commission Thomas F. Hubbard, Chm 1949 Board of Municipal and Zoning Appeals ..William C. Bloom, Chm 1949 Director of Aviation ..Donald H. Connolly. indefinite Director of Legislative Reference. ..Horace E. Flack indefinite City Service Commission ..George F. Dollinger, Pres 1948 Art Commission ..Walter E. Beuchelt, Sec....indefinite Baltimore Redevelopment Commission ..Richard L. Steiner, Dir indefinite Airport Zoning Appeals ..Charles A. Masson, Chm 1952 Airport Zoning Board ..August B. Haneke 1952 Architectural Commission ...Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., Chairman 1951 Bath Commission ...Charles E. Merrick, Chm 1950 Commissioners of the Housing Authority -Oliver C. Winston, Exec. Jndefinite Bureau of Kosher Meat and Food Control Rubin Gertz, Chairman 1949 Port Development Commission. John L. Kronau, Chairman 1950 Off-Street Parking Commission William G. Ewald, Chairman...l954 Employees’ Retirement System Leo Parr, Secretary indefinite Lexington Market Authority. James R. Edmunds, Jr., Chm...,1949 Advisory and Appeal Board, Bureau of Smoke Control John W. Peach, Chairman 1949 Board of Public Safety.. Frank J. Bauer, President 1951 Baltimore Museum of Art J. G. D’Arcy Paul, Pres Indefinite Walters Art Gallery Robert Garrett, President 1948 Municipal Museum T. Edward Hambleton, President Indefinite Enoch Pratt Free Library Thomas S. Cullen, Pres Indefinite

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Hall of Records Annapolis, Maryland General Election Returns

November 5, 1946

MARYLAND MANUAL 227

GENERAL ELECTION RETURNS November 5, 1946

GOVERNOR Democratic Party Republican Party William Preston Lane, Jr. Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin Hagerstown Baltimore Lane McKeldin Allegany 9,965 13,306 Anne Arundel .. 9,918 9,233 Baltimore 27,815 19,864 Calvert 2,016 2,067 Caroline 2,576 2,534 Carroll 4,848 6,750 Cecil 4,084 3,992 Charles 2,112 2,647 Dorchester 3,932 4,186 Frederick 8,739 8,577 Garrett 2,123 3,507 Harford 5,028 5,366 Howard 3,753 2,713 Kent 2,901 2,143 Montgomery 14,889 16,069 Prince George’s 11,732 11,184 Queen Anne’s .... 2,583 St. Mary’s 1,814 2,583 2,175 Somerset 2,290 Talbot 4,882 2,881 3,040 Washington 11,029 9,643 Wicomico 3,798 4,327 Worcester 2,247 2,379 Baltimore City . 124,242 79,354 Total .... 268,084 221,752 228 MARYLAND MANUAL

UNITED STATES SENATOR Democratic Party Republican Party Herbert R. O’Conor David John Markey Annapolis Walkersville Markey O’Conor Allegany 11,495 9,747 Anne Arundel .... 10,135 8,103 Baltimore 23,970 20,400 Calvert 1,873 1,882 Caroline 2,280 2,578 Carroll 6,204 4,329 Cecil 3,436 3,889 Charles 2,383 1,881 Dorchester 4,487 3,137 Frederick 8,992 6,999 Garrett 3,344 2,085 Harford 4,978 4,808 Howard 2,746 3,170 Kent 2,198 2,564 Montgomery 15,059 15,874 Prince George’s 9,256 11,592 Queen Anne’s ... 1,869 2,241 St. Mary’s 2,132 2,439 Somerset 3,646 2,404 Talbot 3,054 2,357 Washington 9,638 8,797 Wicomico 3,535 4,319 Worcester 2,044 2,388 Baltimore City. 89,408 101,793 Total 228,152 229,776 MARYLAND MANUAL 229

ATTORNEY GENERAL Democratic Party Republican Party Hall Hammond George Cochran Doub Stevenson Owings Mills Doub Hammond Allegany 13,841 8,178 Anne Arundel 8,410 9,746 Baltimore 19,086 26,368 Calvert 1,783 1,987 Caroline — 2,171 2,655 Carroll 6,058 4,728 Cecil 3,255 4,250 Charles 2,391 1,879 Dorchester 3,354 3,849 Frederick 9,048 7,641 Garrett 3,622 1,650 Harford 4,304 5,245 Howard 2,521 3,551 Kent 1,843 2,905 Montgomery 15,533 14,073 Prince George’s 10,061 11,984 Queen Anne’s 1,554 2,629 St. Mary’s 1,907 2,387 Somerset 3,400 2,403 Talbot 2,625 2,771 Washington 10,200 9,497 Wicomico — 3,384 4,073 Worcester 1,883 2,357 Baltimore City 63,040 108,966 Total 195,273 245,782 230 MARYLAND MANUAL

COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY Democratic Party Republican Party James J. Lacy Alexander T. Grier Baltimore Salisbury Grier Lacy Allegany 12,760 9,149 Anne Arundel 8,606 9,496 Baltimore 19,567 26,781 Calvert 1,786 1,992 Caroline 2,500 2,368 Carroll 6,193 4,789 Cecil 3,433 4,210 Charles 2,411 1,906 Dorchester 3.875 3,378 Frederick 8,477 7,852 Garrett 3,449 1,856 Harford 4,667 5,018 Howard 2,570 3,658 Kent 1,996 2,777 Montgomery 15,727 13,996 Prince George’s 10,059 11,671 Queen Anne’s 1,676 2,574 St. Mary’s 1,882 2,418 Somerset 4,141 2,170 Talbot 2.875 2,396 Washington 9,754 9,607 Wicomico 4,532 3,264 Worcester 2,250 2,009 Baltimore City 64,025 112,351 Total ..... 199,201 247,686 MARYLAND MANUAL 231

REPRESENTATIVES IN THE 80th CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES First Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party Dudley George Roe Edward T. Miller Sudlersville Easton Miller Roe Cecil 3,849 3,816 Kent 2,102 2,740 Caroline 2,472 2,591 Queen Anne’s 1,713 2,414 Talbot 3,530 1,873 Dorchester 4,164 3,642 Somerset 3,379 2,861 Wicomico 4,122 3,946 Worcester 2,033 2,477 Totals 27,364 26,360

Second Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party Hugh A. Meade David G. Harry Baltimore Pylesville Harry Meade Baltimore County 21,349 24,079 Harford County 6,274 3,837 Carroll County 6,279 4,558 Baltimore City — Wards 15, 16, 26, 27 and 28, and Pre. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of Ward 25 28,858 36,737 Totals 62,760 69,211

Third Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr. Edward N. Kowzan Baltimore Baltimore D’Alesandro Kowzan Baltimore City — Wards 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 22; Precincts 6, 7, and 8 of the 18th Ward. 24,347 13,761 Totals 24,347 13,761 232 MARYLAND MANUAL

Fourth Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party George H. Fallon Paul Robertson Baltimore Baltimore Fallon Robertson Baltimore City — Wards 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19 and 20; and Pre. 1 and 2 of Ward 18 31,453 23,499 Totals 31,453 23,499

Fifth Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party Lansdale G. Sasscer Edwin A. Glenn Upper Marlboro Suitland Glenn Sasscer Anne Arundel 8,120 10,231 Calvert 1,689 2,114 Prince George’s 9,224 13,278 Charles 2,273 2,033 Howard 2,478 3,673 St. Mary’s 1,831 2,640 Baltimore City — Wards 21, 23 and 24; Pre. 3, 4, 5 and 9 of Ward 18; Pre. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Ward 23 3,791 6,960 Totals 29,406 40,929

Sixth Congressional District Democratic Party Republican Party Arch McDonald J. Glenn Beall Silver Spring Frostburg Beall McDonald Allegany 14,185 8,597 Garrett 4,053 1,408 Frederick ..... 9,702 7,143 Montgomery 16,629 14,481 Washington 11,098 8,569 Totals 55,667 40,198 MARYLAND MANUAL 233

CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

Chapter 659 — Acts of 1945 Proposing an Amendment to Section 1(c) of Article 11B of the Constitution of Maryland, relating to the powers of the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission. For the Against the Amendment Amendment Allegany 2,348 2,119 Anne Arundel 4,002 2,198 Baltimore 15,327 4,358 Calvert 280 130 Caroline 443 428 Carroll 1,260 877 Cecil 1,029 1,083 Charles 276 236 Dorchester 468 429 Frederick 1,678 2,219 Garrett 394 979 Harford 1,637 875 Howard 1,157 499 Kent 449 367 Montgomery 5,363 1,424 Prince George’s 6,463 2,395 Queen Anne’s 372 199 St. Mary’s 367 398 Somerset 285 210 Talbot 564 335 Washington 2,036 1,794 Wicomico 721 511 Worcester 380 427 Baltimore City 53,389 15,545 Totals .... 100,687 40,035 234 MARYLAND MANUAL

Chapter 529 — Acts of 1945 Proposing an Amendment to Section 12 of Article V of the Consti- tution of Maryland, relating to bonds of State’s Attorneys. For the Against the Amendment Amendment Allegany .. 3,325 1,986 Anne Arundel 4,735 1,848 Baltimore .. 17,054 3,658 Calvert 329 125 Caroline 643 381 Carroll .. 1,559 831 Cecil .. 1,355 1,012 Charles 319 216 Dorchester 523 405 Frederick .. 2,381 2,182 Garrett 628 955 Harford .. 1,830 748 Howard .. 1,310 482 Kent — 607 366 Montgomery ... 5,797 1,235 Prince George’s ...... 7,407 1,961 Queen Anne’s 493 183 St. Mary’s 463 355 Somerset 350 204 Talbot 759 278 Washington ... 3,002 1,609 Wicomico 946 490 Worcester 454 419 Baltimore City ... 53,527 13,846 Totals 109,786 35,781 MARYLAND MANUAL 235

Chapter 786 — Acts of 1945 Proposing an Amendment to Section 44 of Article 4 of the Con- stitution of Maryland, relating to the election and compensation of Sheriffs. For the Against the Amendment Amendment Allegany ... 2,873 2,405 Anne Arundel ...... 4,461 2,004 Baltimore ... 16,166 3,862 Calvert 307 125 Caroline 567 386 Carroll ... 1,463 876 Cecil ... 1,228 1,049 Charles 334 242 Dorchester 477 397 Frederick ... 2,142 2,393 Garrett 505 974 Harford ... 1,778 820 Howard ... 1,241 507 Kent 618 439 Montgomery ... 5,899 1,386 Prince George’s ... 7,116 2,213 Queen Anne’s ... 450 192 St. Mary’s 447 368 Somerset 332 202 Talbot 726 310 Washington ... 2,661 1,729 Wicomico 935 485 Worcester 462 592 Baltimore City . ... 51,388 16,336 Totals 104,576 40,292 236 MARYLAND MANUAL

Chapter 703 — Acts of 1945 Proposing an Amendment to Section 5 of Article 4 of the Consti- tution of Maryland, relating to the vacancies in the office of the Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. For the Against the Amendment Amendment Allegany 2,533 1,838 Anne Arundel 4,337 1,885 Baltimore 16,219 3,649 Calvert 291 117 Caroline 493 394 Carroll 1,306 825 Cecil 1,073 1,015 Charles 288 227 Dorchester 448 371 Frederick .. 1,850 2,092 Garrett 437 913 Harford 1,865 771 Howard 1,207 456 Kent 498 356 Montgomery 6,179 1,359 Prince George’s 4,855 3,875 Queen Anne’s 383 181 St. Mary’s 491 349 Somerset 324 192 Talbot 591 316 Washington 2,384 1,627 Wicomico 787 447 Worcester 448 369 Baltimore City 55,056 14,004 Totals 104,343 37,628 MARYLAND MANUAL 237 JUDICIARY JUDGES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS FOURTH APPELLATE CIRCUIT — BALTIMORE CITY William L. Henderson* 66,375 Charles Markell* 66,050 FIRST JUDICIAL CIRCUIT W. Laird Henry, Jr., Cambridge* Edmond H. Johnson, Ocean City* Levin C. Bailey, Salisbury* Henry Johnson Bailey Worcester 2,012 2,248 2,038 Somerset .. 1,943 1,923 1,974 Dorchester 4,290 3,924 3,953 Wicomico .. 4,050 4,050 4,473 12,295 12,145 12,428

THIRD JUDICIAL CIRCUIT John B. Gontrum, Kingsville* Baltimore County 29,211 Harford County 5,656 34,867

FOURTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT George Henderson, Cumberland* Allegany 13,993 Garrett 3,045 Washington 11,290 28,337

FIFTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT James A. Clark, Ellicott City* Anne Arundel 10,875 Carroll 5,628 Howard 3,877 20,380

* Elected. 238 MARYLAND MANUAL

CHIEF JUDGE OF THE SUPREME BENCH OF BALTIMORE CITY — EIGHTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT W. Conwell Smith* 71,538

ASSOCIATE JUDGES OF THE SUPREME BENCH OF BALTIMORE CITY — EIGHTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT James K. Cullen 46,255 Michael J. Manley* 83,972 Joseph Sherbow* 77,422 E. Paul Mason* 81,370 Herman M. Moser* 84,666 John T. Tucker* 69,492 Winfred T. McQuaid 42,677 Charles E. Moylan* 88,052

CHIEF JUDGE OF THE PEOPLE’S COURT OF BALTIMORE CITY For Continuation Against Continuation of Office of Office Allan W. Rhynhart 58,520 13,134 * Elected. State Central Committees

MARYLAND MANUAL 241

DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF MARYLAND

Emerson Hotel, Baltimore, Maryland (Terms expire 1950) Robert B. Ennis, Chairman and Treasurer Leroy W. Preston, Vice-Chairman Mary H. Duvall, Vice-Chairman William H. Bishop, Jr., Secretary and Assistant Treasurer Harry T. Gross, Counsel Lillian R. Forwood, Honorary Vice-Chairman William Preston Lane, Jr., National Committeeman Sara A. Whitehurst, National Committeewoman

ALLEGANY COUNTY Oliver H. Bruce, Jr., Chairman Cumberland William L. Wilson, Jr Cumberland Charles F. Burke, Jr Cumberland J. Carr Getty .Westernport James P. Kenney Frostburg Patrick J. Stakem Cumberland

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY Bessie Dorsey Moss, Chairman Annapolis H. Allen Dawson Mayo Wilmer C. Watson .Annapolis Frank P. Griffin - Pasadena William Clark Severn S. W. Duckett Annapolis Thomas W. Wilmer Ferndale

BALTIMORE CITY Hugh A. Kennedy. Chairman Frederick Kemper Secretary Charles Holub Treasurer Frederick Kemper ...1st District John C. Bast 1st District Louis J. Cavaliere 1st District Rudolph Behounek 2nd District Charles Holub 2nd District George C. Wagner 2nd District Michael F. Delea 3rd District Charles Anderton 3rd District Raymond J. Dauer. 3rd District Edward Azrael 4th District Jacob J. Adelman 4th District Reuben Caplan 4th District P. Ross Bundick 5th District Hugh A. Kennedy. 5th District M. Leo Knight 5th District Harry O. Thoman 6th District J. Elmer Thater 6th District Robert P. Antlitz 6th District 242 MARYLAND MANUAL

BALTIMORE COUNTY Robert B. Hall, Chairman Baltimore John D. C. Duncan Towson Alexander E. Baumgartner Baltimore Cecelia V. Carney. Fullerton E. Gittings Merryman Cockeysville Robert J. Spittel Catonsville

CALVERT COUNTY Arthur J. King, Chairman Sunderland J. Wilmer Gott Solomons Robert E. Trott Parran

CAROLINE COUNTY George Clendeniel, Chairman Denton Max Chambers Preston Beverly T. Goldsborough Greensboro Sherman T. Griffith.. Preston William Finn Denton Paul A. Croll Federalsburg

CARROLL COUNTY Truman B. Cash, Chairman Westminster Lawrence B. Fink Westminster Herman Beck Mt. Airy Wilmas Bish Westminster Ralph Bowman Westminster Thomas Arrington Sykesville

CECIL COUNTY Joseph F. McFadden, Chairman Elkton R. Jeannette Reed Rising Sun James F. Evans Elkton Reynolds Mackie Cecilton Kathryn Kirk Earlville Catherine C. Reynolds ..North East

CHARLES COUNTY Thomas P. McDonagh, Chairman La Plata James C. Mitchell La Plata Eugene K. Lloyd Rock Point

DORCHESTER COUNTY Charles E. Barnet, Chairman Cambridge Herbert B. Kinnamon Cambridge Calvin L. Brinsfield Cambridge Philip B. Matthews... Cambridge Samuel E. Brannock Cambridge MARYLAND MANUAL 243 FREDERICK COUNTY G. Raymond Shipley, Chairman Frederick Robert Routzahn Middletown George F. Albrecht. Z'IZZZZ Frederick Joseph Chew. ...Brunswick Rollins J. Atkinson Frederick John Null. .. Frederick GARRETT COUNTY Grover C. Stemple, Chairman Oakland Asa T. Matthews Oakland John W. Holman Friendsville W. R. Browning. Oakland W. N. Frantz Accident Albert Shaffer Kitzmiller HARFORD COUNTY John Kunkel, Chairman Bel Air Edward C. Wilson, Jr Darlington Norman J. Lee Perryman S. Winfield Cain ZZZZZZZZZ Bel Air Robert R. Lawder .Havre de Grace Thomas T. Preston, Jr ZZZZ Joppa HOWARD COUNTY George L. Gardiner, Chairman Clarksville Roger V. Laynor Elkridge John H. Hardy Woodbine Sebastian B. Cissel ZZZZZZZZZ Marriottsville W. Howard Brown Woodstock DeWilton C. Parlett Clarksville KENT COUNTY James H. Groves, Chairman .Kennedyville Clarence M. Melvin Millington Jesse Maxwell Worton Robert Hatcherson ..Chestertown Clarence Newsome Betterton Martin Wagner. Rock Hall MONTGOMERY COUNTY J. Bond Smith, Chairman Roger Shaw .Takoma Park Edith P. Allnutt. Z - Rockville Albert E. Brault Rockville Lacy Shaw ZZZZZZZ Bethesda A. A. Moxley ZZZZ Silver Spring .....Damascus Ward W. Caddington .Silver Spring PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY Charles S. Early, Sr., Chairman Edward A. Fuller Brandywine Henry H. O’Neill Z' .. ZZZZ Hyattsville C. Gerard Buscher. Bladensburg Mary Browning -..Berwyn Heights Irvin I. Main .Z.Z.Z.. Riverdale Seat Pleasant 244 MARYLAND MANUAL QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY William R. Wilson, Chairman Ingleside Frances L. McClyment .Queenstown Mary P. Larrimore Church Hill Charles E. Anthony — - Centreville Thomas S. Pippin... Centreville M. Pearl Gardner Chester ST. MARY’S COUNTY Joseph C. Mattingley, Chairman Leonardtown William A. Burch - - Charlotte Hall Frank J. Combs - Leonardtown George S. Miles - Leonardtown Charles Bailey - Tall Timbers John Cooper Beachville SOMERSET COUNTY Wilbert Coulbourn, Chairman Crisfield Roland L. Matthews Kingston Robert L. Webster Deal Island P. C. Wilson Waters Princess Anne Harold A. MacAllen Princess Anne W. Fletcher Cox — Crisfield TALBOT COUNTY John C. North, Chairman Easton Robert L. Seth - St. Michaels Walter A. Gorsuch Oxford Howard R. Andrew - - Easton Mildred T. Kemp Claiborne WASHINGTON COUNTY C. William Hetzer, Chairman Hagerstown Harry Newkirk Clear Spring H. L. Porterfield Hagerstown E. Stuart. Bushong. Hagerstown J. Hubert Wade - Boonsboro Richard H. Sweeney. Hagerstown WICOMICO COUNTY John E. Morris, Chairman Salisbury Howard J. Dryden - Salisbury Raleigh W. Hastings Salisbury J. McF. Dick Salisbury J. Samuel Carey - Salisbury Joseph A. Bailey Riverton WORCESTER COUNTY Linwood W. Duncan, Chairman Pocomoke City 0. Sheldon Chandler - Berlin Willis C. Hall Pocomoke City Harry C. Bradford, Sr — Snow Hill John 0. Byrd Snow Hill Jack F. A. Culver, Jr Berlin MARYLAND MANUAL 245

REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEES OF MARYLAND

1227 Baltimore Trust Building Baltimore 2, Maryland (Terms expire 1950) Stanford Hoff, Chairman Paul Fletcher, Sr., Vice-Chairman Mrs. David Tilghman, Vice-Chairman Leland Rockwell, Secretary Henry Stockbridge, 3rd, Treasurer Jacob France, National Committeeman Bertha Sheppard Adkins, National Committeewoman ALLEGANY COUNTY Paul M. Fletcher, Chairman Cumberland Jacob H. Brown Cumberland Fred B. Driscoll Cumberland James Park - - - Lonacomng Thomas Elias Frostburg Darrell G. Zeller Frostburg Edward M. Lewis Cumberland Claude Eight Westernport ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY C. Maurice Weidemeyer, Chairman Eastport Charles E. Basil Eastport Wilbur M. Cole Hanover Samuel W. Hardesty..... - Annapolis Evelen M. Kearsey. - Linthicum Heights Oliver W. H. McNeill Annapolis Westley E. Miller. Arnold BALTIMORE CITY Deeley K. Nice, Chairman Baltimore Edward Potocki 1st Ward John A. Janetzke, Jr 2nd Ward Anthony L. Prince 3rd Ward Charles W. Maim - — 4th Ward John Watkins - 5th Ward Alexander I. Carey. -6th Ward Calvin Anderson 7th Ward C. Edwin Roberts - 8th Ward Arthur H. Barton - - 9th Ward Donald Boyce..- — - 10th Ward Charles A. Dorsey 11th Ward Paul Robertson 12th Ward Theodore R. Baldwin - 13th Ward George R. Douglas 14th Ward Lewis R. Mickle 15th Ward William J. N. Turks 16th Ward Charles F. Woodland 17th Ward 246 MARYLAND MANUAL

David J. Johnson ..18th Ward Philip A. Brown ..19th Ward Mary A. Burgess ..20th Ward Ernest L. Elliott ...21st Ward Eric Frederick ,22nd Ward August E. Plitt .23rd Ward Harry J. Hemerich. ..24th Ward George P. Anderson. ..25th Ward E. Arthur Hurd ..26th Ward F. Gray Goudy. ..27th Ward George C. Leyhe ..28th Ward Women Members by Legislative Districts Eleanor Beck ...1st District Daisy Edwards ..2nd District Anne W. Bunker. ..3rd District Elvira M. Bond ..4th District Lillian E. Anacker ...5th District Claudenia Brown ...6th District Male Members by Legislative Districts Jesse G. Francis ...1st District William J. Reid Z.Z'ZZ .2nd District Charles H. Borcherding .3rd District John R. Goldsborough ..4th District Robert S. Crow. ..5th District Clayton C. Allen ..6th District Women Members — City Wide Jane Gabriel 2413 St. Paul Street Lula V. DeVed. .1106 Poplar Grove Street

BALTIMORE COUNTY Leland Rockwell, Chairman Osborne P. Beall Arbutus James D. Cox ZZZZZZZZ — —Stevenson Raymond E. Jenkins Owings Mills D. Park KiefTer Z..Z..Z Catonsville Henry Williams Lewis, Sr — Boring ...Sparrows Point Samuel A. Schmidt. Randallstown

CALVERT COUNTY Maurice T. Lusby, Sr., Chairman Julius P. Parran Prince Frederick -- Lusby John A. Monnett Prince Frederick CAROLINE COUNTY J. Virgil Moore, Chairman Harold K. Shultz ..Denton John T. Schmick -Henderson Willie Carroll Preston Ridgely Leonard Covey -Federalsburg MARYLAND MANUAL 247

CARROLL COUNTY Theodore F. Brown, Chairman Westminster William F. Bricker. Taneytown Grace V. Myers.. Westminster L. Pearce Bowles Mt. Airy Newton E. Six Keymar Marie Barnes - Sykesville Margaret M. Koontz. —Westminster Cora E. Pickett -.Westminster F. Argolda Wetzell Winfield E. Miller Richardson New Windsor

CECIL COUNTY J. Nelson Cameron, Chairman North East Jerome E. Brumfield Rising Sun Charles R. Brown Elkton Donald C. Cole Perryville

CHARLES COUNTY Thomas B. R. Mudd, Chairman La Plata Fannie M. Welch Marbury J. T. Slater Pomonkey

DORCHESTER COUNTY C. Rutledge Turner, Chairman Cambridge Norman S. Chase Salem Elon W. Jones - Bishops Head Clinton E. Stevens Hurlock J. Holliday Warfield Thomas

FREDERICK COUNTY Emmert R. Bowlus, Chairman Frederick John Derr Monrovia William Miller —Frederick Roy L. Leatherman. Frederick John P. Dennis.— - Frederick I. S. Snowden Frederick GARRETT COUNTY Earl T. Glotfelty, Chairman — McHenry Hugh D. Maffett. Oakland Gilbert W. Savage — Friendsville Vacancy

HARFORD COUNTY Harvey M. Chesney, Chairman.. Bel Air Frank E. Baker -Aberdeen Stanley M. Barrett. — Havre de Grace Martin C. Kurts Jarrettsville Clay P. Whiteford Whiteford 248 MARYLAND MANUAL

HOWARD COUNTY William W. Pindell, Chairman Glenwood Dorothy Ellen Noll Ellicott City Milton Taylor. Elkridge

KENT COUNTY Olin S. Davis, Chairman Colts A. Parks Rasin Chestertown John W. Mays Chestertown

MONTGOMERY COUNTY Walter W. Dawson, Chairman Rockville Leslie C. Arries Bethesda George C. Warner, Jr Bethesda Andrew R. Lofstrand Silver Spring Adolph E. Gude Rockville Herman W. Jackson Poolesville L. S. Ray. Silver Spring

PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY John Raymond Fletcher, Chairman Washington, D. C Carlton G. Beall _Landover Eva C. Chase. Riverdale John M. Petty. Laurel William J. Griffith Upper Marlboro Thomas E. Latimer Hyattsville Phillip J. Wilkes Clinton

QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY Elmer W. Sterling, Chairman Church Hill Harry Barton .'. Queenstown James McDaniel Chester

ST. MARY’S COUNTY J. Don elan Hurry, Chairman Clements Elbert V. Dyson Charlotte Hall J. Bradley Bankins Hollywood

SOMERSET COUNTY Elmer F. Gatlin, Chairman Upper Fairmount Joseph W. Hayman Pocomoke City Russell W. Hall Oriole W. Jerome Sterling Crisfield

TALBOT COUNTY J. Russell Summers, Chairman Easton Albert T. Stevens : Trappe Henry M. Shortall Easton Andrew Cummings Tilghman MARYLAND MANUAL 249

WASHINGTON COUNTY D. Eldred Rinehart, Chairman Smithsburg Herbert C. Adams Hagerstown John D. Dunn Hagerstown Daniel E. Heller Hancock Frank T. Warrenfelter Boonsboro Allen I. Myers - Hagerstown L. Beard Miller Williamsport

WICOMICO COUNTY William R. Conway, Chairman Quantico Harry L. Harcum - Salisbury W. Newton Jackson Salisbury Edward L. Truitt Pittsville Edgar T. Bennett Mardela Springs WORCESTER COUNTY Walter S. Ringler, Chairman Bishopsville Frank W. Truitt Snow Hill William H. Scott ...Ocean City Solomon H. Small Pocomoke City

MARYLAND MANUAL 251

(Eljartpr nf Harglattft

TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ORIGINAL

CHARLES,* by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, king, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting. II. Whereas, our well beloved and right trusty Subject CAECILIUS CALVERT, Baron of BALTIMORE, in our Kingdom of Ireland, Son and Heir of GEORGE CALVERT, Knight, late Baron of BALTIMORE in our said Kingdom of Ireland, treading in the Steps of his Father, being ani- mated with a laudable, and pious Zeal for extending the Christian Religion, and also the Territories of our Empire, hath humbly besought leave of US, that he may transport by his own Industry, and Expense, a numerous Colony of the English Nation, to a certain region, hereinafter described, in a Country hitherto uncultivated, in the parts of America, and partly occupied by Savages, having no Knowl- edge of the Divine Being, and that all that Region, with some Privileges, and Jurisdiction, appertaining unto the wholesome Government, and State of his Colony and Region aforesaid, may by our Royal Highness be given, granted, and confirmed unto him, and his heirs. III. Know YE therefore, that WE, encouraging with our Royal Favour, the pious and noble Purpose of the aforesaid Baron of Baltimore, of our special Grace, certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, have Given, Granted, and Confirmed, and by this our present CHARTER, for US, our Heirs, and Successors, do Give, Grant, and Confirm, unto the aforesaid CAECILIUS, now Baron of BALTI- MORE, his Heirs, and Assigns, all that Part of the Penin- sula, or Chersonese, lying in the Parts of America, between the Ocean on the East, and the bay of Chesapeake on the West, divided from the Residue thereof by a Right Line drawn from the Promontory, or Head-Land, called Watkins' Point, situate upon the Bay aforesaid, near the river of Wighco, on the West, unto the Main Ocean on the East; and between that Boundary on the South, unto that Part * Charles the First, of England. 252 MARYLAND MANUAL of the Bay of Delaware on the North, which lieth under the Fortieth Degree of North Latitude from the Aequinoctial, where New-England is terminated: And all the Tract of that Land within the Metes underwritten (that is to say) passing from the said Bay, called Delaivare Bay, in a right line, by the degree aforesaid, unto the true Meridian of the first Fountain of the River of Pattowmack, thence verging toward the South, unto the further Bank of the said River, and following the same on the West and South, unto a certain place called Cinquack, situate near the Mouth of the said River, where it disembogues into the aforesaid Bay of Chesapeake, and thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid Promontory or Place called Watkins’ Point; so that the whole Tract of Land, divided by the Line aforesaid, between the Main Ocean, and Watkins’ Point, unto the Pro- montory called Cape-Charles, and every the Appendages thereof, may entirely remain excepted for ever to US, our Heirs and Successors. IV. Also We do Gra,nt, and likewise Confirm unto the said Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs, and Assigns, all Islands and Islets within the Limits aforesaid, all and singular the Islands, and Islets, from the Eastern Shore of the aforesaid Region, toward the East, which have been, or shall be formed in the Sea, situate within ten marine Leagues from the said Shore; with all and singular the Ports, Harbors, Bays, Rivers, and Straits belonging to the Region or Islands aforesaid, and all the Soil, Plains, Woods, Mountains, Marshes, Lakes, Rivers, Bays, and Straits, situate, or being within the Metes, Bounds, and Limits aforesaid, with the Fishings of every kind of Fish, as well as of Whales, Sturgeons, and other royal Fish, as of other Fish, in the Sea, Bays, Straits, or Rivers, within the Premises, and the Fish there taken: And moreover all Veins, Mines, and Quarries, as well opened as hidden, already found, or that shall be found within the Region, Islands, or Limits aforesaid, of Gold, Silver, Gems, and precious Stones, and any other whatsover, whether they be of Stones, or Metals, or of any other Thing, or Matter whatsoever: And furthermore the Patronages, and Advowsons of all churches which, (with the increasing Worship and Religion of CHRIST) within the said Region, Islands, Islets, and Lim- its aforesaid, hereafter shall happen to be built, together with License and Faculty of erecting and founding Churches, Chapels, and Places of Worship, in convenient and suitable Places, within the Premises, and of causing the same to be dedicated and consecrated according to the MARYLAND MANUAL 253

Ecclesiastical Laws of our Kingdom of England, with all, and singular such, and as ample Rights, Jurisdictions, Priv- ileges, Prerogatives, Royalties, Liberties, Immunities, and royal Rights, and temporal Franchises whatsoever, as well by Sea as by Land, within the Region, Islands, Islets, and Limits aforesaid, to be had, exercised, used, and enjoyed, as any Bishop of Durham, within the Bishoprick or County Palatine of Durham, in our Kingdom of England, ever heretofore hath had, held, used, or enjoyed, or of Right could, or ought to have, hold, use or enjoy. V. And WE do by these Presents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, make, create, and constitute Him, the now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, the TRUE and absolute Lords and Proprietaries of the Region aforesaid, and of all other the Premises (except the before excepted) saving always the Faith and Allegiance and Sov- ereign Dominion due to US, our Heirs, and Successors; to have, hold, possess, and enjoy the aforesaid Region, Is- lands, Islets, and other the Premises, unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs and Assigns, to the sole and proper Behoof and Use of him, the now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, forever. To HOLD of US, our Heirs and Successors, Kings of England, as of our Castle of Windsor, in our County of Berks, in free and common Soccage, by Fealty only for all Services, and not in Capita, nor by Knight’s Service, YIELDING therefore unto US, our Heirs and Successors, two Indian Arrows of those Parts, to be delivered at the said Castle of Windsor, every Year, on Tuesday in Easter-week: and also the fifth Part of all Gold and Silver Ore, which shall happen from Time to Time, to be found within the aforesaid Limits. VI. Now, That the aforesaid Region, thus by us granted and described, may be eminently distinguished above all other Regions of that Territory, and decorated with more ample Titles, KNOW YE, that WE, of our most especial Grace certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, have thought fit that the said Region and Islands be erected into a PROV- INCE, as out of the Plentitude of our royal Power and Pre- rogative, WE do, for Us, our Heirs and Successors, erect and Incorporate the same into a PROVINCE, and nominate the same MARYLAND, by which name WE will that it shall from henceforth be called. VII. And forasmuch as WE have above made and ordained the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, the true 254 MARYLAND MANUAL

Lord and Proprietary of the whole Province aforesaid, KNOW YE therefore further, that WE, for Us, our Heirs and Successors do grant unto the said now Baron, (in whose Fidelity, Prudence, Justice, and provident Circum- spection of Mind, WE repose the greatest Confidence) and to his Heirs, for the good and happy Government of the said Province, free, full, and absolute Power, by the Tenor of these Presents, to Ordain, Make, and Enact LAWS, of what kind soever, according to their sound Discretion, whether relating to the Public State of the said PROVINCE, or the private Utility of Individuals, of and with the Ad- vice, Assent, and Approbation of the Free-Men of the same Province, or of the great Part of them, or of their Dele- gates or Deputies, whom WE will shall be called together for the framing of LAWS, when, and as often as Need shall require, by the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, and in the Form which shall seem best to him or them, and the same to publish under the Seal of the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, and duly to execute the same upon all Persons, for the Time being, with the aforesaid Province, and the Limits thereof, or under his or their Government and Power, in Sailing toward MARYLAND, or thence Returning, Outward- bound, either to England, or elsewhere, whether to any other Part of Our, or of any foreign Dominions, wheresoever established, by the Imposition of Fines, Imprison- ment, and other Punishment whatsoever; even if it be necessary, and the Quality of the Offence require it, by Priva- tion of Member, or Life, by him the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, or by his or their Deputy, Lieutenant, Judges, Justices, Magistrates, Officers, and Ministers, to be constituted and appointed according to the Tenor and true Intent of these Presents, and to constitute and ordain Judges, Justices, Magistrates and Officers, of what Kind, for what Cause, and with what Power soever, within that Land, and the Sea of those Parts, and in such Form as to the said now Baron of BALTIMORE, or his Heirs, shall seem most fitting: And also to Remit, Release, Pardon, and Abolish, all Crimes and Offences whatsoever against such Laws, whether before, or after Judgment passed; and to do all and singular other Things belonging to the Completion of Justice, and to Courts, Praetorian Judicatories, and Tribunals, judicial Forms and Modes of Proceeding, although express Mention thereof in these Presents be not made; and, by Judges by them delegated, to award Process, hold Pleas, and determine in those Courts, Praetorian Judicatories, and Tribunals, in all Ac- MARYLAND MANUAL 255 tions, Suits, Causes, and Matters whatsoever, as well Crim- inal as Personal, Real and Mixed, and Praetorian: Which said Laws, so to be published as above said, WE Will, enjoin, charge, and command, to be most absolute and firm in Law, and to be kept in those Parts by all the Subjects and Liege-Men of US, our Heirs and Successors, so far as they concern them, and to be inviolably observed under the Penalties therein expressed, or to be expressed. So nevertheless, that the Laws aforesaid be Consonant to Reason, and be not repugnant or contrary, but (so far as conveniently may be) agreeable to the Laws, Statutes, Customs and Rights of this Our Kingdom of England. VIII. And Forasmuch as, in the Government of so great a Province, sudden Accidents may frequently happen, to which it will be necessary to apply a Remedy, before the Freeholders of the said Province, their Delegates, or Deputies, can be called together for the framing of Laws; neither will it be fit that so great a number of People should immediately, on such emergent Occasion, be called together, WE Therefore, for the better Government of so great a Province, do Will and Ordain, and by these Pres- ents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do grant unto the said now Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs, that the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, by themselves, or by their Magistrates and Officers, thereunto duly to be constituted as aforesaid, may, and can make and constitute fit and wholesome Ordinances from Time to Time, to be kept and observed within the Prov- ince aforesaid, as well for the Conservation of the Peace, as for the Better Government of the People inhabiting therein, and publicly to notify the same to all Persons whom the same in anywise do or may affect. Which Ordi- nances WE will to be inviolably observed within the said Province, under the Pains to be expressed in the same. So that the said Ordinances be Consonant to Reason, and be not repugnant nor contrary, but (so far as conveniently may be done) agreeable to the Laws, Statutes, or Rights of our Kingdom of England: and so that the same Ordinances do not, in any Sort, extend to oblige, bind, charge, or take away the Right or Interest of any Person or Persons, of, or in Member, Life, Freehold, Goods or Chattels. IX. Furthermore, that the new Colony may more hap- pily increase by a Multitude of People resorting thither, and at the same Time may be more firmly secured from the Incursions of Savages, or of other Enemies, Pirates, and Ravagers: WE therefore, for US, our Heirs and Sue- 256 MARYLAND MANUAL cessors, do by these Presents give and grant Power, License and Liberty, to all the Liege-Men and Subjects, present and future, of US, our Heirs and Successors, except such to whom it shall be expressly forbidden, to transport themselves and their Families to the said Province, with fitting Vessels, and suitable provisions, and therein to settle, dwell, and inhabit; and to build and fortify Castles, Forts, and other Places of Strength, at the Appointment of the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, for the Public and their own Defense; the Statute of Fugitives, or any other whatsoever to the contrary of the Premises in any wise notwithstanding. X. WE will also, out of our more abundant Grace, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do firmly charge, constitute, ordain, and commend, that the said Province be of our Allegiance; and that all and singular the Subjects and Liege-Men of US, our Heirs and Successors, transplanted, or hereafter to be transplanted into the Province aforesaid, and the children of them, and of others their Descend- ants, whether already born there, or hereafter to be born, be and shall be natives and Liege-Men of US, our Heirs and Successors, of our Kingdom of England and Ireland; and in all Things shall be held, treated, reputed, and esteemed as the faithful Liege-Men of US, and our Heirs and Suc- cessors, born within our Kingdom of England; also Lands, Tenements, Revenues, Services, and other Hereditaments whatsoever, within our Kingdom of England, and other our Dominions, to inherit, or otherwise purchase, receive, take, have, hold, buy, and possess, and the same to use and enjoy, and the same to give, sell, alien and bequeath; and likewise all Privileges, Franchises and Liberties of this our King- dom of England, freely, quietly, and peaceably to have and possess, and the same may use and enjoy in the same Man- ner as our Liege-Men born, or to be born within our same Kingdom of England, without Impediment, Molestation, Vexation, Impeachment, or Grievance of US, or any of our Heirs or Successors; any Statute, Act, Ordinance, or Pro- visions to the contrary thereof, notwithstanding. XL Furthermore, That our Subjects may be incited to undertake this Expedition with a ready and cheerful Mind: KNOW YE, that WE, of our especial Grace, certain Knowl- edge, and mere Motion, do, by the Tenor of these Presents, give and grant, as well to the aforesaid Baron of BALTI- MORE, and to his Heirs, as to all other Persons who shall from Time to Time repair to the said Province, either for the sake of Inhabiting, or of Trading with the Inhabitants MARYLAND MANUAL 257 of the Province aforesaid, full License to Ship and Lade in any the Ports of US, our Heirs and Successors, all and singular their Goods, as well moveable as immoveable, Wares and Merchandise, likewise Grain of what Sort soever, and other Things whatsoever necessary for Food and Clothing, by the Laws and Statutes of our Kingdoms and Dominions, not prohibited to be transported out of the said Kingdoms; and the same to transport, by themselves, or their Servants or Assigns, into the said PROVINCE, without the Impediment or Molestation of US, our Heirs or Suc- cessors, or of any officers of US, our Heirs or Successors, (Saving unto Us, our Heirs and Successors, the Imposi- tions, Subsidies, Customs, and other Dues payable for the same Goods and Merchandizes) any Statute, Act, Ordi- nance, or other Thing whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding. XII. But Because, that in so remote a Region, placed among so many barbarous Nations, the Incursions as well of the Barbarians themselves, as of other Enemies, Pirates and Ravagers, probably will be feared, Therefore WE have Given, and for US, our Heirs, and Successors, do Give by these Presents, as full and unrestrained Power, as any Captain-General of an Army ever hath had, unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs and As- signs, by themselves or by their Captains, or other Officers, to summon to their Standards, or to array all Men, of whatsoever Condition, or wheresoever born, for the Time being, in the said Province of MARYLAND, to wage War, and to pursue, even beyond the Limits of their Province, the Enemies and Ravagers aforesaid, infesting those Parts by Land and by Sea, and (if GOD shall grant it) to van- quish and captivate them, and the Captives to put to Death, or, according to their Discretion, to save, and to do all other and singular the Things which appertain, or have been accustomed to appertain unto the Authority and Office of a Captain-General of an Army. XIII. We also will, and by this our CHARTER, do Give unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs and Assigns, Power, Liberty, and Authority, that, in Case of Rebellion, sudden Tumult, or Sedition, if any (which GOD forbid) should happen to arise, whether upon Land within the PROVINCE aforesaid, or upon the High Sea in making a Voyage to the said Province of MARYLAND, or in returning thence, they may, by themselves, or by their Captains, or other Officers, thereunto deputed under their Seals (to whom WE, for US, our Heirs 258 MARYLAND MANUAL and Successors, by these Presents, do Give and Grant the fullest Power and Authority) exercise Martial Law as freely, and in as ample Manner and Form, as any Captain- General of any Army, by virtue of his Office may, or hath accustomed to use the same, against the seditious Authors of Innovations in those Parts, withdrawing themselves from the Government of him or them, refusing to serve in War, Deserters, to the Enemy, exceeding their Leave of Absence, flying over to the Enemy, exceeding their Leave of Absence, Deserters, or otherwise howsoever offending against the Rule, Law, or Discipline of War. XIV. Moreover, lest in so remote and far distant a Region, every Access to Honours and Dignities may seem to be precluded, and utterly barred to Men well born, who are preparing to engage in the present Expedition, and de- sirous of deserving well, both in Peace and War, of US, and our Kingdoms; for this Cause, We, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do give free and plenary Power to the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs and Assigns, to confer Favours, Rewards and Honours, upon such Subjects, inhabiting within the Province aforesaid, as shall be well deserving, and to adorn them with whatsoever Titles and Dignities they shall appoint; (so that they be not such as are now used in England) also to erect and incorporate Towns into Buroughs, and Buroughs into Cities, with suitable Privileges and Immunities, according to the Merits of the Inhabitants, and Convenience of the places; and to do all and singular other Things in the Prem- ises, which to him or them shall seem fitting and convenient; even although they shall be such as, in their own Na- ture, require a more special Commandment and Warrant than in these Presents may be expressed. XV. WE will also, and by these Presents do, for US, our Heirs and Successors, give and grant License by this our CHARTER, unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTI- MORE, his Heirs and Assigns, and to all Persons whatsoever, who are, or shall be Residents and Inhabitants of the Province aforesaid, freely to import and unlade, by themselves, their Servants, Factors or Assigns, all Wares and Merchandizes whatsoever, which shall be collected out of the Fruits and Commodities of the said PROVINCE, whether the Product of the Land or the Sea, into any the Ports whatsoever of US, our Heirs and Successors, of England or Ireland, or otherwise to dispose of the same there; and, if Need be, within One Year, to be computed immediately from the Time of unlading thereof, to lade the same Mer- MARYLAND MANUAL 259 chandizes again, in the same, or other Ships, and to export the same to any other Countries they shall think proper, whether belonging to US, or any foreign Power which shall be in Amity with US, our Heirs or Successors: Pro- vided always, that they be bound to pay for the same to US, our Heirs and Successors, such Customs and Imposi- tions, Subsidies and Taxes, as our other Subjects of our Kingdom of England, for the Time being shall be bound to pay, beyond which WE will that the Inhabitants of the aforesaid Province of the said Land, called MARYLAND, shall not be burdened.

XVI. And furthermore, of our ample special Grace, and of our certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, WE do, for US, our Heirs and Successors, grant unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, full and absolute Power and Authority to make, erect, and constitute, within the Province of MARYLAND, and the islands and Islets aforesaid, such, and so many Sea-Ports, Harbours, Creeks, and other Places of Unlading and Dis- charge of Goods and Merchandize out of Ships, Boats, and other Vessels, and of Lading in the same, and in so many, and such places, and with such rights, Jurisdictions, liberties, and privileges, unto such ports respecting, as to him or them shall seem most expedient: And, that all and every the Ships, Boats, and other Vessels whatsoever, coming to, or going from the Province aforesaid, for the Sake of Mer- chandizing’, shall be laden and unladen at such Ports only as shall be so erected and constituted by the said now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, and Usage, Cus- tom, or any other Thing whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding. Saving always to US, our Heirs and Suc- cessors, and to all the Subjects of our Kingdoms of England a^(\ lrf\a'nd’ US, our Heirs and Successors, the Liberty of Fishingr for Sea-Fish as well in the Sea, Bays, Straits and navigable Rivers, as in the Harbours, Bays, and Creeks of the Province aforesaid; and the Privilege of Salting and Drying Fish on the Shores of the same Province; and, for that Cause, to cut down and take Hedging-Wood and Twigs there growing, and to build Huts and Cabbins, necessary m this Behalf, in the same Manner as heretofore they reasonably might, or have used to do. Which Liberties and Privileges, the said Subjects of US, our Heirs and Succes- sors, shall enjoy, without notable Damage or Injury in any wise to be done to the aforesaid now Baron of BALTU MORE, Ins Heirs or Assigns, or to the Residents and In- habitants of the same Province in the Ports, Creeks, and 260 MARYLAND MANUAL

Shores aforesaid, and especially in the Woods and Trees there growing. And if any Person shall do damage or In- jury of this kind, he shall incur the Peril and Pain of the heavy Displeasure of US, our Heirs and Successors, and of the due Chastisement of the Laws, besides making Sat- isfaction. XVII. Moreover, WE will, appoint, and ordain, and by these Presents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do grant unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, that the same Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, from Time to Time, for ever, shall have, and enjoy the Taxes and Subsidies payable, or arising within the Ports, Harbours, and other Creeks and Places aforesaid, within the PROVINCE aforesaid, for Wares bought and sold, and Things there to be laden, and unladen, to be reasonably assessed by them, and the People there as aforesaid, on emergent Occasion; to whom WE grant Power and by these Presents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, to assess and impose the said taxes and Subsidies there, upon just Cause, and in due Proportion. XVIII. And furthermore, of our special Grace, and certain Knowledge, and mere Motion, WE have given, granted, and confirmed, and by these Presents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do give, grant, and confirm, unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, full and absolute License, Power, and Authority, that he, the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, from Time to Time hereafter, for ever, may and can, at his or their Will and Pleasure, assign, alien, grant, demise, or enfeoff so many, such, and proportionate Parts and Parcels of the Premises, to any Person or Persons willing to purchase the same, as they shall think convenient, to have and to hold to the same Person or Per- sons willing to take or purchase the same, and his and their Heirs and Assigns, in Fee-Simple, or Fee-tail, or for Term of Life, Lives, or Years; to hold of the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, by so many, such, and so great Services, Customs and Rents OF THIS KIND, as to the same now Baron of Baltimore, his Heirs, and As- signs, shall seem fit and agreeable, and not immediately of US, our Heirs or Successors. And WE do give, and by these Presents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do grant to the same Person and Persons, and to each and every of them, License, Authority and Power, that such Person and Persons, may take the premises, or any Parcel thereof, of the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and MARYLAND MANUAL 261

Assigns, and hold the same to them and their Assigns, or their Heirs, of the aforesaid Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, of what Estate of Inheritance soever, in Fee-Simple or Fee-tail, or otherwise, as to them and the now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, shall seem expedient; the Statute made in the Parliament of Lord EDWARD, son of King HENRY, the late King of England, our Progenitor, commonly called the “STATUTE QUIA EMPTORES TERRARUM,” heretofore published in our kingdom of England, or any other Statute, Act, Ordi- nance, Usage, Law, or Custom, or any other Things, Cause or Matter, to the contrary thereof, heretofore had, done, published, ordained or provided to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.

XIX. WE, also, by these Presents, do give and grant License to the same Baron of BALTIMORE, and to his Heirs, to erect any Parcels of Land within the Province aforesaid, into Manors, and in every of those Manors, to have and to hold a Court-Baron, and all Things which to a Court-Baron do belong; and to have and to keep View of Frank-Pledge, for the Conservation of the Peace and Better Government of those Parts, by themselves and their Stew- ards, or by the Lords, for the Time being to be deputed, of other of those Manors when they shall be constituted, and in the same to exercise all Things to the View of Frank- Pledge belonging. XX. And further WE will, and do, by these Pres- ents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, covenant and grant to, and with the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns, that We, our Heirs, and Successors, at no Time hereafter, will impose, or make or cause to be imposed, any Impositions, Customs, or other Taxations, Quotas or Contributions whatsoever, in or upon the Resi- dents or Inhabitants of the Province aforesaid for their Goods, Lands, or Tenements within the same Province, or upon any tenements, lands, goods or chattels within the Province aforesaid, or in or upon any Goods or Merchan- dizes within the Province aforesaid, or within the Ports or Harbours of the said Province, to be laden or unladen: And WE Will and do, for US, our Heirs and Successors, enjoin and command that this our Declaration shall, from Time to Time, be received and allowed in all our Courts and Praetorian Judicatories, and before all the Judges whatsoever of US, our Heirs and Successors, for a sufficient and lawful Discharge, Payment, and Acquittance thereof, charg- 262 MARYLAND MANUAL

ing all and singular the Officers and Ministers of US, our Heirs and Successors, and enjoining them, under our heavy Displeasure, that they do not at any Time presume to attempt any Thing to the contrary of the Premises, or that may in any wise contravene the same, but that they, at all Times, as is fitting, do aid and assist the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, and his Heirs, and the aforesaid Inhabitants and Merchants of the Province of MARY- LAND aforesaid, and their Servants and Ministers, Factors and Assigns, in the fullest Use and Enjoyment of this our CHARTER.

XXI. And furthermore WE WILL, and by these Pres- ents, for US, our Heirs and Successors, do grant unto the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and As- signs, and to the Freeholders and Inhabitants of the said Province, both present and to come, and to every of them, that the said Province, and the Freeholders or Inhabitants of the said Colony or Country, shall not henceforth be held or reputed a member or Part of the Land of Virginia, or of any other Colony already transported, or hereafter to be transported, or to be dependent on the same, or subordinate in any kind of Government, from which WE do separate both the said Province, and Inhabitants thereof, and by these presents do WILL to be distinct, and that they may be immediately subject to our Crown of England, and dependent on the same for ever.

XXII. And if, peradventure, hereafter it may happen, that any Doubts or Questions should arise concerning the true Sense and Meaning of any Word, Clause, or Sentence, contained in this our present CHARTER, WE will, charge and command, THAT Interpretation to be applied, always, and in all Things, and in all our Courts and Judica- tories whatsoever, to obtain which shall be judged to be the more beneficial, profitable, and favourable to the aforesaid now Baron of BALTIMORE, his Heirs and Assigns: Provided always, that no Interpretation thereof be made, whereby GOD’S holy and true Christian Religion, or the Allegiance due to US, our Heirs and Successors, may in any wise suffer by Change, Prejudice, or Diminution; although express Mention be not made in these Presents of the true yearly Value or Certainty of the Premises, or any Part thereof, or of other Gifts and Grants made by US, our Heirs and Predecessors, unto the said now Lord BALTI- MORE, or any Statute, Act, Ordinance, Provisions, Procla- mation or Restraint, heretofore had, made, published, or- MARYLAND MANUAL 263

dained or provided, or any other Thing, Cause, or Matter Whatsoever, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. XXIII. In Witness whereof We have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. WITNESS OURSELVES at Westminster, the Twentieth Day of June, in the Eighth Year of our Reign. (June 20, 1632).)

MARYLAND MANUAL 265

(Ennatitutiim of Hanjlattft ADOPTED BY THE CONVENTION WHICH ASSEMBLED AT THE CITY OF ANNAPOLIS ON THE EIGHTH DAY OP MAY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY- SEVEN, AND ADJOURNED ON THE SEVENTEENTH DAY OP AUGUST, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SEVEN, AND RATIFIED BY THE PEOPLE ON THE EIGH- TEENTH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, EIGHTEEN HUN- DRED AND SIXTY-SEVEN, WITH AMEND- MENTS TO AND INCLUDING NINETEEN HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIX.1 o DECLARATION OF RIGHTS We, the people of the State of Maryland, grateful to Almighty God for our civil and religious liberty, and taking into our serious consideration the best means of establishing a good Constitution in this State for the sure foundation and more permanent security thereof, declare: Article 1. That all Government of right originates from the people, is founded in compact only, and instituted solely for the good of the whole; and they have, at all times, the inalienable right to alter, reform or abolish their form of Government in such manner as they may deem expedient. Art. 2. The Constitution of the United States, and the Laws made or which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, are and shall be the Supreme Law of the State; and the Judges of this State, and all the People of this State, are, and shall be bound thereby, any- thing in the Constitution or Law of this State to the contrary notwithstanding. Art. 3. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution thereof, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the People thereof. Art. 4. That the People of this State have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police thereof, as a free, sovereign and independent State. 1 Including, that is, amendments proposed at the 1945 Regular Session of the General Assembly and adopted by the people in November, 1946. Amendments proposed at the 1947 Regular Session of the General Assembly, to be voted on by the people in November, 1948, are enclosed in brackets. 266 MARYLAND MANUAL

Art. 5. That the inhabitants of Maryland are entitled to the Common Law of England, and the trial by Jury, according to the course of that law, and to the benefit of such of the English statutes as existed on the Fourth day of July, seventeen hundred and seventy-six; and which, by experience, have been found applicable to their local and other circumstances, and have been introduced, used and practiced by the Courts of Law or Equity; and also of all Acts of Assembly in force on the first day of June, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven; except such as may have since expired, or may be inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution; subject, nevertheless, to the revision of, and amendment or repeal by, the Legislature of this State. And the Inhabitants of Maryland are also entitled to all property derived to them from or under the Charter granted by His Majesty, Charles the First, to Ctecilius Calvert Baron of Baltimore. Art. 6. That all persons invested with the Legislative or Executive powers of Government are Trustees of the Public, and as such, accountable for their conduct: Where- fore, whenever the ends of Government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all other means of redress are ineffectual, the People may, and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new Government; the doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power and oppression is absurd, slavish and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind. Art. 7. That the right of the People to participate in the Legislature is the best security of liberty and the foundation of all free Government; for this purpose elections ought to be free and frequent, and every1 male2 citizen having the qualifications prescribed by the Constitution, ought to have the right of suffrage. Art 8. That the Legislative, Executive and Judicial powers of Government ought to be forever separate and distinct from each other; and no person exercising the functions of one of said Departments shall assume or discharge the duties of any other. Art. 9. That no power of suspending Laws or the execution of Laws, unless by, or derived from the Legislature, ought to be exercised, or allowed. 1 The word “white” omitted under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. .... 2 The word “male” became inoperative under the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. MARYLAND MANUAL 267

Art. 10. That freedom of speech and debate, or proceedings in the Legislature, ought not to be impeached in any Court of Judicature. Art. 11. That Annapolis be the place of meeting of the Legislature; and the Legislature ought not to be convened, or held at any other place but from evident necessity. Art. 12. That for redress of grievances, and for amending, strengthening and for preserving the laws, the Legis- lature ought to be frequently convened. Art. 13. That every man hath a right to petition the Legislature for the redress of grievances in a peaceful and orderly manner. Art. 14. That no aid, charge, tax, burthen or fees ought to be rated, or levied, under any pretense, without the consent of the Legislature. "Art. 15. That the levying of taxes by the poll is grievous and oppressive and ought to be prohibited; that paupers ought not to be assessed for the support of the government; that the General Assembly shall, by uniform rules, provide for separate assessment of land and classification and sub- classification of improvements on land and personal property, as it may deem proper; and all taxes thereafter provided to be levied by the State for the support of the general State Government, and by the counties and by the City of Baltimore for their respective purposes, shall be uniform as to land within the taxing district, and uniform within the class or sub-class of improvements on land and personal property which the respective taxing powers may have directed to be subjected to the tax levy; yet fines, duties or taxes may properly and justly be imposed, or laid with a political view for the good government and benefit of the community. Art. 16. That sanguinary Laws ought to be avoided as far as it is consistent with the safety of the State; and no Law to inflict cruel and unusual pains and penalties ought to be made in any case, or at any time, hereafter. Art. 17. That retrospective Laws, punishing acts committed before the existence of such Laws, and by them only declared criminal are oppressive, unjust and incompatible with liberty; wherefore, no ex post facto Law ought to be made; nor any retrospective oath or restriction be imposed or required. 1 Thus amended by Chapter 390, 1914. Ratified November 2, 1915. 268 MARYLAND MANUAL

Art. 18. That no Law to attaint particular persons of treason or felony, ought to be made in any case, or at any time, hereafter. Art. 19. That every man, for any injury done to him in his person or property ought to have remedy by the course of the Law of the Land, and ought to have justice and right, freely without sale, fully without any denial, and speedily without delay, according to Law of the Land. Art. 20. That the trial of facts, where they arise, is one of the greatest securities of the lives, liberties and estate of the People. Art. 21. That in all criminal prosecutions, every man hath a right to be informed of the accusation against him; to have a copy of the Indictment, or Charge in due time (if required) to prepare for his defence; to be allowed counsel; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have process for his witnesses; to examine the witnesses for and against him on oath; and to a speedy trial by an impartial jury, without whose unanimous consent he ought not to be found guilty. Art. 22. That no man ought to be compelled to give evidence against himself in a criminal case. Art. 23. That no man ought to be taken or imprisoned or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or out- lawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the Law of the Land. Art. 24. That slavery shall not be re-established in this State; but, having been abolished, under the policy and authority of the United States, compensation, in consideration thereof, is due from the United States. Art. 25. That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishment inflicted by the Courts of Law. Art. 26. That all warrants, without oath or affirmation, to search suspected places, or to seize any person or property, are grievous and oppressive; and all general warrants to search suspected places, or to apprehend suspected persons, without naming or describing the place, or the person in special, are illegal, and ought not to be granted. Art. 27. That no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate. MARYLAND MANUAL 269

Art. 28. That a well regulated Militia is the proper and natural defence of a free government. Art. 29. That Standing Armies are dangerous to liberty, and ought not to be raised, or kept up, without the consent of the Legislature. Art. 30. That in all cases, and at all times, the military ought to be under strict subordination to, and control of, the civil power. Art. 31. That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by Law. Art. 32. That no person except regular soldiers, ma- rines, and mariners in the service of this State, or militia, when in actual service, ought, in any case, to be subject to, or punishable by, Martial Law. Art. 33. That the independency and uprightness of Judges are essential to the impartial administration of Jus- tice, and a great security to the rights and liberties of the People; wherefore, the Judges shall not be removed, except in the manner, and for the causes, provided in this Consti- tution. No Judge shall hold any other office, civil or military or political trust, or employment of any kind whatsoever, under the Constitution or Laws of this State, or of the United States, or any of them; or receive fees, or perquisites of any kind, for the discharge of his official duties. Art. 34. That a long continuance in the Executive De- partments of power or trust is dangerous to liberty; a rotation, therefore, in those Departments is one of the best securities of permanent freedom. Art. 35. That no person shall hold, at the same time more than one office of profit, created by the Constitution or Laws of this State; nor shall any person in public trust receive any present from any foreign Prince or State, or from the United States, or any of them, without the approbation of this State. Art. 36. That as it is the duty of every man to worship God in such manner as he thinks most acceptable to Him, all persons are equally entitled to protection in their religious liberty; wherefore, no person ought, by any law to be molested in his person or estate, on account of his religious persuasion or profession, or for his religious practice, unless, under the color of religion, he shall disturb the good order, peace or safety of the State, or shall infringe the laws of morality, or injure others in their natural, civil 270 MARYLAND MANUAL

or religious rights; nor ought any person to be compelled to frequent, or maintain, or contribute, unless on contract, to maintain any place of worship or any ministry; nor shall any person, otherwise competent, be deemed incompetent as a witness, or juror, on account of his religious belief; provided, he believes in the existence of God, and that under His dispensation such person will be held morally accountable for his acts, and be rewarded or punished therefor in this world or the world to come. Art. 37. That no religious test ought ever to be required as a qualification for any office of profit or trust in this State, other than a declaration of belief in the existence of God; nor shall the legislature prescribe any other oath of office than the oath prescribed by this Constitution. Art. 38. That every gift, sale or devise of land to any Minister, Public Teacher or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or to any Religious Sect, Order or Denominatidn, or to, or for the support, use or benefit of, or in trust for, any Min- ister, Public Teacher, or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order or Denomination; and every gift or sale of goods, or chattels, to go in succession, or to take place after the death of the Seller or Donor, to or for such support, use or benefit; and also every devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use or benefit of any Minis- ter, Public Teacher or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order or Denomination, without the prior or subsequent sanction of the Legislature, shah be void; except always, any sale, gift, lease or devise of any quantity of land, not exceeding five acres, for a church, meetinghouse, or other house of worship, or parsonage, or for a burying-ground, which shall be improved, enjoyed or used only for such purpose; or such sale, gift, lease or devise shall be void. [Art. 38. That every gift, sale or devise of land to any Minister, Public Teacher or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or to any Religious Sect, Order or Denomination, or to, or for the support, use or benefit of, or in trust for, any Minister, Public Teacher, or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order or Denomination; and every gift or sale of goods, or chattels to go in succession, or to take place after the death of the Sellor or Donor, to or for such support, use or benefit; and also eyery devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use or benefit of any Minister, Public Teacher or Preacher of the Gospel, as such, or any Religious Sect, Order or De- nomination, without the prior or subsequent sanction of MARYLAND MANUAL 271 the Legislature, shall be void; except always, any sale, gift, lease or devise of any quantity of land, not exceeding five acres, for a church, meeting-house, or other house of worship, or parsonage, or for a burying ground, which shall be improved, enjoyed or used only for such purpose; or such sale, gift, lease or devise shall be void. Provided, however, that except in so far as the General Assembly shall hereafter by law otherwise enact, the consent of the Legislature shall not be required to any gift, grant, deed, or conveyance executed after the 2nd day of November, 1948, or to any devise or bequest contained in the will of any person dying after said 2nd day of November, 1948, for any of the purposes hereinabove in this Article mentioned.]1 Art. 39. That the manner of administering the oath or affirmation to any person ought to be such as those of the religious persuasion, profession, or denomination, of which he is a member, generally esteem the most effectual confirmation by the attestation of the Divine Being. Art. 40. That the liberty of the press ought to be inviolably preserved; that every citizen of the State ought to be allowed to speak, write and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that privilege. Art. 41. That monopolies are odious, contrary to the spirit of a free government and the principles of commerce, and ought not to be suffered. Art. 42. That no title of nobility or hereditary honors ought to be granted in this State. Art. 43. That the Legislature ought to encourage the diffusion of knowledge and virtue, the extension of a judi- cious system of general education, the promotion of literature, the arts, sciences, agriculture, commerce and manu- factures, and the general amelioration of the condition of the people. Art. 44. That the provisions of the Constitution of the United States, and of this State, apply as well in time of war as in time of peace; and any departure therefrom, or violation thereof, under the plea of necessity, or any other plea, is subversive of good government and tends to an- archy and despotism. Art. 45. This enumeration of Rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the People. 1 This amendment was submitted by Act of 1947, Ch. 623, and will be voted upon by the voters in November, 1918. 272 MARYLAND MANUAL

ARTICLE I.

ELECTIVE FRANCHISE Section 1. All elections shall be by ballot; and every1 male" citizen of the United States, of the age of twenty-one years, or upwards, who has been a resident of the State for one year, and of the Legislative District of Bal- timore crty> or 0f the county, in which he may offer to vote, for six months next preceding the election, shall be entitled to vote, in the ward or election district in which he resides, at all elections hereafter to be held in this State; and in case any county or city shall be so divided as to form portions of different electoral districts, for the election of Rep- resentatives in Congress, Senators, Delegates or other Of- ficers, then to entitle a person to vote for such officer, he must have been a resident of that part of the county, or C1ty, which shall form a part of the electoral district, in which he offers to vote, for six months next preceding the election; but a person, who shall have acquired a residence in such county or city, entitling him to vote at any such election, shall be entitled to vote in the election district from which he removed, until he shall have acquired a residence m the part of the county or city to which he has* removed. 3 Section 1A. The General Assembly of Maryland shall have power to provide by suitable enactment for voting by qualified voters of the State of Maryland who are absent and engaged in the military or naval service of the United States at the time of any election from the ward or election district in which they are entitled to vote, and for the manner in which and the time and place at which such absent voters may vote, and for the canvass and return of their votes. Sec. 2. No person above the age of twenty-one years, convicted of larceny or other infamous crime, unless par- doned by the Governor, shall ever thereafter be entitled to vote at any election in this State; and no person under guardianship, as a lunatic, or as a person non compos men- tis, shall be entitled to vote. 1 The word “white” omitted under the 15th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 2 The word “male” became inoperative under the 19th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. 3 Thus added by Ch. 20, Acts of 1918, ratified by the people November 5, MARYLAND MANUAL 273

SEC. 3. If any person shall give, or offer to give, directly or indirectly, any bribe, present or reward, or any prom- ise, or any security, for the payment or delivery of money, or any other thing, to induce any voter to refrain from casting his vote, or to prevent him in any way from voting, or to procure a vote for any candidate or person proposed, or voted for as the elector of President, and Vice-President of the United States, or Representative in Congress or for any office of profit or trust, created by the Constitution or Laws of this State, or by the Ordinances, or authority of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, the person giving, or offering to give and the person receiving the same, and any person who gives or causes to be given, an illegal vote, knowing it to be such, at any election to be hereafter held in this State, shall, on conviction in a Court of Law, in addition to the penalties now or hereafter to be imposed by law, be forever disqualified to hold any office of profit or trust, or to vote at any election thereafter. But the General As- sembly may in its discretion remove the above penalty and all other penalties upon the vote seller so as to place the penalties for the purchase of voters on the vote buyer alone.1 Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass Laws to punish, with fine and imprisonment, any person who shall remove into any election district or precinct of any ward of the city of Baltimore, not for the purpose of acquiring a bona fide residence therein, but for the purpose of voting at an approaching election, or who shall vote in any election district or ward in which he does not reside (except in the case provided for in this Article), or shall, at the same election, vote in more than one election district, or precinct, or shall vote, or offer to vote, in any name not his own, or in place of any other person of the same name, or shall vote in any county in which he does not reside. Sec. 5. The General Assembly shall provide by law for a uniform Registration of the names of all the voters in this State who possess the qualifications prescribed in this Article, which Registration shall be conclusive evidence to the Judges of election of the right of every person thus registered to vote at any election thereafter held in this State; but no person shall vote in any election, Federal or State, hereafter to be held in this State, or at any municipal election in the city of Baltimore, unless his name appears in the list of registered voters; and until the General As- 1 Thus amended by Chapter 602, Acts of 1912, ratified by the people Novem- ber 4, 1913. 274 MARYLAND MANUAL

sembly shall hereafter pass1 an Act for the Registration of the names of voters, the law in force on the first day of June, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, in reference thereto, shall be continued in force, except so far as it may be inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitu- tion ; and the registry of voters, made in pursuance thereof, may be corrected, as provided in said law; but the names of all persons shall be added to the list of qualified voters by the officers of Registration, who have the qualifications prescribed in the first section of this Article, and who are not disqualified under the provisions of the second and third sections thereof. Sec. 6. Every person elected or appointed to any office of profit or trust, under this Constitution, or under the laws, made pursuant thereto, shall, before he enters upon the duties of such office, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: I, , do swear, (or affirm, as the case may be), that I will support the Constitution of the United States; and that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the State of Maryland, and support the Con- stitution and Laws thereof; and that I will, to the best of my skill and judgment, diligently and faithfully, without partiality or prejudice, execute the office of , according to the Constitution and Laws of this State (and, if a Governor, Senator, Member of the House of Delegates or Judge), that I will not, directly or indirectly, receive the profits or any part of the profits of any other office during the term of my acting as . Sec. 7. Every person hereafter elected or appointed to office in this State, who shall refuse or neglect to take the oath or affirmation of office provided for in the sixth section of this Article, shall be considered as having refused to accept the said Office; and a new election or appointment shall be made, as in case of refusal to accept, or resignation of an office; and any person violating said oath shall, on conviction thereof, in a Court of Law, in addition to the penalties now or hereafter to be imposed by law, be thereafter incapable of holding any office of profit or trust in this State. ■ o ARTICLE II. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Section 1. The executive power of the State will be vested in a Governor, whose term of office shall commence MARYLAND MANUAL 275 on the second Wednesday of January next ensuing his election, and continue for four years, and until his successor shall have qualified; but the Governor chosen at the first election under this Constitution shall not enter upon the discharge of the duties of the office until the expiration of the term for which the present incumbent was elected; unless the said office shall become vacant by death, resignation, removal from the State, or other disqualification of the said incumbent. [Section 1. The executive power of the State shall be vested in a Governor, whose term of office shall commence on the second Wednesday of January next ensuing his election, and continue for four years, and until his successor shall have qualified; and a person who has served two consecutive popular elective terms of office as Gov- ernor shall be ineligible to succeed himself as Governor for the term immediately following the second of said two consecutive popular elective terms.]1 Sec. 2. An election for Governor, under this Constitu- tion, shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Mon- day of November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty- seven, and on the same day and month in every fourth year thereafter, at the places of voting for delegates to the General Assembly;2 and every person qualified to vote for Delegates shall be qualified and entitled to vote for Gover- nor ; the election to be held in the same manner as the election of Delegates, and the returns thereof under seal to be addressed to the Speaker of the House of Delegates, and enclosed and transmitted to the Secretary of State, and delivered to said Speaker, at the commencement of the session of the General Assembly next ensuing said election. Sec. 3. The Speaker of the House of Delegates shall then open the said returns in the presence of both Houses; and the person having the highest number of votes, and being constitutionally eligible, shall be the Governor, and shall qualify, in the manner herein prescribed, on the second Wednesday of January next ensuing his election, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable. Sec. 4. If two or more persons shall have the highest and an equal number of votes for Governor, one of them shall be chosen Governor by the Senate and House of Dele- gates, and all questions in relation to the eligibility of Gov- ernor, and to the returns of said election, and to the num- 1 This amendment was submitted by Act of 1947, Ch. 109, and will be voted upon by the voters in November, 1948. 2 This section modified by Article XVII, Sections 2 and 3. 276 MARYLAND MANUAL ber and legality of votes therein given, shall be determined by the House of Delegates; and if the person or persons, having the highest number of votes, be ineligible, the Gov- ernor shall be chosen by the Senate and House of Dele- gates. Every election of Governor by the General Assem- ply shall be determined by a joint majority of the Senate and House of Delegates, and the vote shall be taken viva voce. But if two or more persons shall have the highest and an equal number of votes, then a second vote shall be taken, which shall be confined to the persons having an equal number; and if the vote should again be equal, then the election of Governor shall be determined by lot between those who shall have the highest and an equal number on the first vote. Sec. 5. A person to be eligible to the office of Governor must have attained the age of thirty years, and must have been for ten years a citizen of the State of Maryland, and for five years next preceding his election a resident of the State, and, at the time of his election, a qualified voter therein. Sec. 6. In the case of death or resignation of the Gov- ernor, or of his removal from the State, or other disqualification, the General Assembly, if in session, or if not, at their next session, shall elect some other qualified person to be Governor for the residue of the term for which the said Governor had been elected. Sec. 7. In case of any vacancy in the office of Governor, during the recess of the Legislature, the President of the Senate shall discharge the duties of said office, until a Gov- ernor is elected, as herein provided for; and in case of the death or resignation of the said President, or of his removal from the State, or of his refusal to serve, then the duties of said office shall, in like manner, and for the same interval, devolve upon the Speaker of the House of Dele- gates. And the Legislature may provide by Law, for the impeachment of the Governor; and in case of his conviction or his inability, may declare what person shall perform the Executive duties; and for any vacancy in said office not herein provided for, provision may be made by Law; and if such vacancy should occur without such provision being made, the Legislature shall be convened by the Secretary of State for the purpose of filling said vacancy. Sec. 8. The Governor shall be the Commander-in-Chief of the land and naval forces of the State; and may call out the Militia to repel invasions, suppress insurrections, and MARYLAND MANUAL 277 enforce the execution of the Laws; but shall not take the command in person, without the consent of the Legislature. Sec. 9. He shall take care that the Laws are faithfully executed. Sec. 10. He shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint all civil and military officers of the State, whose appointment or election is not otherwise herein provided for; unless a different mode of appointment be prescribed by the law creating the office. Sec. 11. In case of any vacancy during the recess of the Senate, in any office which the Governor has power to fill, he shall appoint some suitable person to said office, whose commission shall continue in force until the end of the next session of the Legislature, or until some other person is appointed to the same office, whichever shall first occur; and the nomination of the person thus appointed during the recess, or of some other person in his place, shall be made to the Senate within thirty days after the next meeting of the Legislature. Sec. 12. No person, after being rejected by the Senate, shall be again nominated for the same office at the same session, unless at the request of the Senate ; or be appointed to the same office during the recess of the Legislature. Sec. 13. All civil officers appointed by the Governor and Senate shall be nominated to the Senate within fifty days from the commencement of each regular session of the Leg- islature; and their term of office, except in cases otherwise provided for in this Constitution, shall commence on the first Monday of May next ensuing their appointment, and continue for two years, (unless removed from office), and until their successors, respectively, qualify according to Law; but the term of office of the Inspectors of Tobacco shall commence on the first Monday of March next ensuing their appointment. Sec. 14. If a vacancy shall occur during the session of the Senate, in any office which the Governor and Senate have the power to fill, the Governor shall nominate to the Senate, before its final adjournment, a proper person to fill said vacancy, unless such vacancy occurs within ten days before said final adjournment. Sec. 15. The Governor may suspend or arrest any military officer of the State for disobedience of orders or other military offense; and may remove him in pursuance of the 278 MARYLAND MANUAL

sentence of a Court-Martial; and may remove for incompetency or misconduct all civil officers who received appointment from the Executive for a term of years. Sec. 16. The Governor shall convene the Legislature, or the Senate alone, on extraordinary occasions; and whenever from the presence of any enemy, or from any other cause, the Seat of Government shall become an unsafe place for the meeting of the Legislature, he may direct their sessions to be held at some other convenient place. Sec. 17. To guard against hasty or partial legislation and encroachments of the Legislative Department upon the coordinate Executive and Judicial Departments, every Bill which shall have passed the House of Delegates, and the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the Governor of the State; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his objections to the House in which it originated, whidh House shall enter the objections at large on its Journal and proceed to reconsider the Bill; if, after such reconsideration, three-fifths of the members elected to that House shall pass the Bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it pass by three-fifths of the members elected to that House it shall become a law; but in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the person voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within six days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he signed it, unless the General Assembly shall, by adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. The Governor shall have power to disapprove of any item or items of any Bills making appropriations of money em- bracing distinct items, and the part or parts of the Bill approved shall be the law, and the item or items of appropriations disapproved shall be void unless repassed according to the rules or limitations prescribed for the passage of other Bills over the Executive veto.1 Sec. 18. It shall be the duty of the Governor, semi- annually (and oftener, if he deems it expedient) to examine under oath the Treasurer and Comptroller of the State on i Thus amended by Chapter 194, Acts of 1890, ratified by the people Novem- ber 3, 1891. MARYLAND MANUAL 279 all matters pertaining to their respective offices, and inspect and review their bank and other account books. SEC. 19. He shall, from time to time, inform the Legis- lature of the condition of the State, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may judge necessary and expedient. Sec. 20. He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and in cases in which he is prohibited by other Articles of this Constitu- tion ; and to remit fines and forfeitures for offences against the State; but shall not remit the principal or interest of any debt due the State, except in cases of fines and forfeitures; and before granting a nolle prosqui, or pardon, he shall give notice, in one or more newspapers, of the application made for it, and of the day on or after which his decision will be given; and in every case in which he exercises this power, he shall report to either Branch of the Legislature, whenever required, the petitions, recommendations and reasons which influence his decision. SEC. 21. The Governor shall reside at the seat of government, and receive for his services an annual salary of four thousand five hundred dollars. Sec. 22. The Secretary of State shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall continue in office, unless sooner removed by the Governor, till the end of the official term of the Governor from whom he received his appointment, and receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars, and shall reside at the seat of government; and the office of Private Secretary shall thenceforth cease. Sec. 23. The Secretary of State shall carefully keep and preserve a record of all official acts and proceedings, which may at all times be inspected by a committee of either branch of the Legislature; and he shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law, or as may properly belong to his office, together with all clerical duty belonging to the Executive Department. o ARTICLE III. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section 1. The Legislature shall consist of two distinct branches—a Senate and a House of Delegates—and shall be styled the General Assembly of Maryland. 280 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 2. The city of Baltimore shall be divided into six legislative districts as near as may be of equal population and of contiguous territory, and each of said legislative districts of Baltimore city, as they may from time to time be laid out, in accordance with the provisions hereof, and each county in the State shall be entitled to one Senator, who shall be elected by the qualified voters of the said legislative districts of Baltimore city and of the counties of the State, respectively, and shall serve for four years from the date of his election, subject to the classification of Senators hereafter provided for.1 _ Sec. 3. Until the taking and publishing of the next Na- tional Census, or until the enumeration of the population of this State, under the authority thereof, the several counties and the city of Baltimore shall have a representation in the House of Delegates, as follows: Allegany County, five Dele- gates ; Anne Arundel County, three Delegates; Baltimore County, six Delegates; each of the three Legislative Dis- tricts of the city of Baltimore, six Delegates; Calvert Coun- ty, two Delegates; Caroline County, two Delegates; Carroll County, four Delegates; Cecil County, four Delegates; Charles County, two Delegates; Dorchester County, three Delegates; Frederick County, six Delegates; Harford County, four Delegates; Howard County, two Delegates; Kent County, two Delegates; Montgomery County, three Delegates; Prince George’s County, three Delegates; Queen Anne’s County, two Delegates; St. Mary’s County, two Del- egates; Somerset County, three Delegates; Talbot County, two Delegates; Washington County, five Delegates, and Worcester County, three Delegates.2 Sec. 4. As soon as may be, after the taking and publishing of the National Census of 1900, or after the enumeration of the population of this State, under the authority thereof, there shall be an apportionment of representation in the House of Delegates, to be made on the following basis, to wit: Each of the several counties of the State, having a population of eighteen thousand souls or less, shall be entitled to two Delegates; and every county having a 1 Thus amended by Act of 1922, Chapter 7, ratified by the people at Novem- ber election, 1922. 3 Under the State Census of 1940 the allotment of representation of the several counties in the House of Delegates is as follows: Allegany County, six; Anne Arundel County, six; Baltimore County, six; Calvert County, two; Caroline County, two; Carroll County, four; Cecil County, three; Charles County, two; Dorchester County, four; Frederick County, six; Garrett County, three; Harford County, four; Howard County, two; Kent County, two; Montgomery County, six; Prince George’s County, six; Queen Anne’s County, two; Somerset County, three; St. Mary’s County, two; Talbot County, three; Washington County, six; Wicomico County four; Worcester County, three; and Baltimore City, thirty-six Delegates, Total 123’ MARYLAND MANUAL 281 population of over eighteen thousand and less than twenty- eight thousand souls, shall be entitled to three Delegates; and every county having a population of twenty-eight thousand and less than forty thousand souls, shall be entitled to four Delegates; and every county having a population of forty thousand and less than fifty-five thousand souls, shall be entitled to five Delegates; and every county having a population of fifty-five thousand souls and upwards, shall be entitled to six Delegates and no more; and each of the six Legislative Districts of the city of Balti- more shall be entitled to the number of Delegates to which the largest county shall or may be entitled under the aforegoing apportionment, and the General Assembly shall have the power to provide by law, from time to time, for altering and changing the boundaries of the existing Legisla- tive Districts of the city of Baltimore, so as to make them as near as may be of equal population; but said district shall always consist of contiguous territory. In case the General Assembly, at the regular session of nineteen hundred and twenty-two, fails to fix the boundaries of the six legislative districts of the city of Baltimore, the Board of Supervisors of Elections of said city shall fix the boundaries of the six legislative districts, subject to the limitations contained herein, and shall give adequate notice of the same; and the boundaries so fixed shall remain until altered or changed by the General Assembly.1

Sec. 5. Immediately after the taking and publishing of the next National Census, or after any State enumeration of population, as aforesaid, it shall be the duty of the Gov- ernor, then being, to arrange the representation in said House of Delegates in accordance with the apportionment herein provided for; and to declare, by Proclamation, the number of Delegates to which each county and the city of Baltimore may be entitled under such apportionment; and after every National Census taken thereafter, or after any State enumeration of population thereafter made it shall be the duty of the Governor, for the time being, to make similar adjustment of representation, and to declare the same by Proclamation, as aforesaid. Sec. 6. The members of the House of Delegates shall be elected by the qualified voters of the counties, and the Leg- islative Districts of Baltimore city, respectively, to serve for two years from the day of their election.1 1 Thus amended by Act of 1922, Chapter 20, ratified by the people at Novem- ber election, 1922. 282 MARYLAND MANUAL

SEC. 7. The first election for Senators and Delegates shall take place on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November, eighteen hundred and sixty- seven; and the election for Delegates, and as nearly as practicable, for one-half of the Senators shall be held on the same day in every second year thereafter.1 Sec. 8. Immediately after the Senate shall have convened, after the first election, under this Constitution, the Senators shall be divided by lot into two classes, as nearly equal in number as may be. Senators of the first class shall go out of office at the expiration of two years, and Senators shall be elected on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November, eighteen hundred and sixty-nine, for the term of four years, to supply their places; so that, after the first election, one-half of the Sena- tors may be chosen every second year. In case the number of Senators be hereafter increased, such classification of the additional Senators shall be made as to preserve, as nearly as may be, an equal number in each class.1 Sec. 9. No person shall be eligible as a Senator or Dele- gate who, at the time of his election, is not a citizen of the State of Maryland, and who has not resided therein for at least three years next preceding the day of his election, and the last year thereof, in the county or in the Legislative District of Baltimore city, which he may be chosen to represent, if such county or Legislative District of said city shall have been so long established; and if not, then in the county or city, from which, in whole or in part, the same may have been formed; nor shall any person be eligible as a Senator unless he shall have attained the age of twenty- five years, nor as a Delegate unless he shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, at the time of his election. Sec. 10. No member of Congress, or person holding any civil or military office under the United States shall be eligible as a Senator or Delegate; and if any person shall, after his election as Senator or Delegate, be elected to Congress, or be appointed to any office, civil or military, under the Government of the United States, his acceptance thereof shall vacate his seat. SEC. 11. No Minister or Preacher of the Gospel, or of any religious creed or denomination, and no person holding any civil office of profit or trust under this State, except Justices of the Peace, shall be eligible as Senator or Dele- gate. i Modified by Article XVII, Sections 1 and 2. MARYLAND MANUAL 283

Sec. 12. No collector, receiver or holder of public money shall be eligible as Senator or Delegate, or to any office of profit or trust under this State, until he shall have accounted for and paid into the Treasury all sums on the books thereof charged to and due by him.

Sec. 13. In case of death, disqualification, resignation, refusal to act, expulsion, or removal from the county or city for Which he shall have been elected, of any person who shall have been chosen as a Delegate or Senator, or in case of a tie between two or more such qualified persons, the Governor shall appoint a person to fill such vacancy from a person whose name shall be submitted to him in writing by the State Central Committee of the political party with which the Delegate or Senator, so vacating, has been affiliated in the County or District from which he or she was elected, provided that the appointee shall be of the same political party as the person whose office is to be filled; and it shall be the duty of the Governor to make said appointment within fifteen days after the submission thereof to him. In the event there is no State Central Committee in the County or District from which said vacancy is to be filled, the Governor shall within fifteen days after the occurrence of such vacancy appoint a person who is otherwise properly qualified to hold the office of delegate or senator in such District or County. In every case when any person is so appointed by the Governor, his appointment shall be deemed to be for the unexpired term of the person whose office has become vacant.1 Sec. 14. The General Assembly shall meet on the first Wednesday of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, and on the same day in every second year thereafter, and at no other time, unless convened by Proclamation of the Governor.2 [Sec. 14. The General Assembly shall meet on the first Wednesday of January, nineteen hundred and forty-nine, and on the same day in every second year thereafter, and on the first Wednesday in February, nineteen hundred and fifty, and on the same day in every second year thereafter, and at no other time, unless convened by Proclamation of the Governor.]3 1 Thus amended by Chapter 584 of the Acts of 1935 and ratified by the people November 3, 1936. 2 Modified by Article XVII, Section 6. 3 This amendment was submitted by Act of 1947, Ch. 497, and will be voted upon by the voters in November, 1948. 284 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 15. The General Assembly may continue its session so long as in its judgment the public interest may require, for a period not longer than ninety days; and each member thereof shall receive a compensation of One Thous- and Dollars ($1,000) per annum, payable quarterly, with a deduction of fifteen dollars per diem for each day of unexcused absence from any session; and he shall also receive such mileage as may be allowed by law, not exceeding twenty cents per mile; and the presiding officer of each House shall receive an additional compensation of Two hunded and fifty ($250) dollars per annum. When the General Assem- bly shall be convened by Proclamation of the Governor, the session shall not continue longer than thirty days, but no additional compensation other than mileage and other allowances provided by law shall be paid members1 of the General Assembly for Special Sessions.1 [Sec. 15. The General Assembly may continue its session so long as in its judgment the public interest may require, for a period not longer than ninety days in odd years and thirty days in even years; and on and after January 1, 1949, each member thereof shall receive a compensation of Eighteen Hundred Dollars ($1,800.00) per annum, payable quarterly, with a deduction of Fifteen Dol- lars (15.00) per diem for each day of unexcused absence from any session; and he shall also receive such mileage as may be allowed by law, not exceeding Twenty Cents per mile; and the presiding officers of each House shall receive an additional compensation of Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars ($250) per annum. In any of said thirty-day sessions in even years, the General Assembly shall consider no bills other than (1) Bills having to do with budgetary, revenue and financial matters of the State Government, (2) legislation dealing with an acute emergency, and (3) legislation in the general public welfare. When the General Assembly shall be convened by Proclamation of the Gov- ernor, the session shall not continue longer than thirty days, but an2 additional compensation other than mileage and other allowances provided by law shall be paid members of the General Assembly for special session.]3 Sec. 16. No book, or other printed matter, not appertaining to the business of the session, shall be purchased or subscribed for, for the use of the members of the Gen- eral Assembly, or be distributed among them, at the public expense. 1 Thus amended by Ch. 695 of 1941, ratified at November election, 1942. 2 The word “no” evidently intended. 3 This amendment was submitted by Act of 1947, Ch. 497, and will be voted upon by the voters in November, 1948. MARYLAND MANUAL 285

Sec. 17. No Senator or Delegate, after qualifying as such, notwithstanding he may thereafter resign, shall during the whole period of time for which he was elected be eligible to any office which shall have been created, or the salary or profits of which shall have been increased, during such term. Sec. 18. No Senator or Delegate shall be liable in any civil action or criminal prosecution whatever for words spoken in debate. Sec. 19. Each House shall be judge of the qualifications and elections of its members, as prescribed by the Consti- tution and laws of the State; shall appoint its own officers, determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish a member for disorderly or disrespectful behavior, and with the consent of two-thirds of its whole number of members elected, expel a member; but no member shall be expelled a second time for the same offence. SEC. 20. A majority of the whole number of members elected to each House shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may prescribe. Sec. 21. The doors of each House and of the Committee of the Whole shall be open, except when the business is such as ought to be kept secret. Sec. 22. Each House shall keep a Journal of its proceedings, and cause the same to be published. The yeas and nays of members on any question shall, at the call of any five of them in the House of Delegates, or one in the Sen- ate, be entered on the Journal. Sec. 23. Each House may punish by imprisonment during the session of the General Assembly, any person not a member, for disrespectful or disorderly behavior in its presence, or for obstructing any of its proceedings, or any of its officers in the execution of their duties; provided, such imprisonment shall not at any one time exceed ten days. Sec. 24. The House of Delegates may inquire, on the oath of witness, into all complaints, grievances and of- ences, as the grand inquest of the State, and may commit any person for any crime to the public jail, there to remain until discharged by due course by law. They may examine 286 MARYLAND MANUAL and pass all accounts of the State, relating either to the collection or expenditure of the revenue, and appoint audi- tors to state and adjust the same. They may call for all public or official papers and records, and send for persons whom they may judge necessary, in the course of their inquiries, concerning affairs relating to the public interest, and may direct all office bonds which shall be made payable to the State to be sued for any breach thereof; and with the view to the more certain prevention or correction of the abuses in the expenditures of the money of the State, the General Assembly shall create, at every session thereof, a joint standing committee of the Senate and House of Delegates, who shall have power to send for persons and examine them on oath and call for public or official papers and records; and whose duty it shall be to examine and report upon all contracts made for printing, stationery, and purchases for the public offices and the library, and all expenditures therein, and upon all matters of alleged abuse in expenditures, to which their attention may be called by resolution of either House of the General Assembly. Sec. 25. Neither House shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days at any one time, nor adjourn to any other place than that in which the House shall be sitting, without the concurrent vote of two- thirds of the members present. Sec. 26. The House of Delegates shall have the sole power of impeachment in all cases; but a majority of all the members elected must concur in the impeachment. All impeachments shall be tried by the Senate, and when sitting for that purpose the Senators shall be on oath or affirmation to do justice according to the law and the evidence; but no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of all the Senators elected. Sec. 27. Any bill may originate in either House of the General Assembly and be altered, amended or rejected by the other, but no bill shall originate in either House during the last ten days of the session, unless two-thirds of the members elected thereto shall so determine by yeas and nays; nor shall any bill become a law until it be read on three different days of the session in each House, unless two-thirds of the members elected to the House where such bill is pending shall so determine by yeas and nays, and no bill shall be read a third time until it shall have been actually engrossed or printed for a third reading.1 1 Thus amended by Chapter 497, Acts of 1912, ratified by the people Novem- her 4, 1913. MARYLAND MANUAL 287

Sec. 28. No bill shall become a law unless it be passed in each House by a majority of the whole number of members elected, and in its final passage the yeas and nays be recorded; nor shall any resolution requiring the action of both Houses be passed except in the same manner. Sec. 29. The style of all laws of this State shall be, “Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland,” and all laws shall be passed by original bill; and every law enacted by the General Assembly shall embrace but one subject, and that shall be described in its title; and no law, nor section of law, shall be revived or amended by reference to its title or section only; nor shall any law be construed by reason of its title to grant powers or confer rights which are not expressly contained in the body of the Act; and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly, in amending any article or section of the Code of Laws of this State, to enact the same as the said article or section would read when amended. And whenever the General Assembly shall enact any Public General Law, not amendatory of any section or article in the said Code, it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact the same, in articles and sections, in the same manner as the Code is arranged, and to provide for the publication of all additions and alterations which may be made to the said Code. Sec. 30. Every bill, when passed by the General As- sembly, and sealed with the Great Seal, shall be presented to the Governor, who, if he approves it, shall sign the same in the presence of the presiding officers and chief clerks of the Senate and House of Delegates. Every law shall be recorded in the office of the Court of Appeals, and in due time be printed, published and certified under the Great Seal, to the several courts, in the same manner as has been heretofore usual in this State. Sec. 31. No law passed by the General Assembly shall take effect until the first day of June next after the session at which it may be passed, unless it be otherwise expressly declared therein. Sec. 32. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury of the State by any order or resolution, nor except in accordance with an appropriation by law; and every such law shall distinctly specify the sum appropriated and object to which it shall be applied; provided that nothing herein contained shall prevent the General Assembly from placing a contingent fund at the disposal of the Executive, who shall report to the General Assembly at each session the amount 288 MARYLAND MANUAL expended and the purposes to which it was applied. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the public money shall be attached to and published with the laws after each regular session of the General Assembly.

Sec. 33. The General Assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases, viz.: For extending the time for the collection of taxes, granting divorces, changing the name of any person, providing for the sale of real estate belonging to minors or other persons laboring under legal disabilities, by executors, administrators, guardians or trustees, giving effect to informal or invalid deeds or wills, refunding money paid into the State Treasury, or releasing persons from their debts or obligations to the State, unless recommended by the Governor or officers of the Treasury Department. And the General As- sembly shall pass no special law for any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law. The General Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this Constitution, shall pass general laws providing for the cases enumerated in this section which are not already adequately provided for, and for all other cases where a general law can be made applicable.

Sec. 34. No debt shall be hereafter contracted by the General Assembly unless such debt shall be authorized by the law providing for the collection of an annual tax or taxes sufficient to pay the interest on such debt as it falls due, and also to discharge the principal thereof within fifteen years from the time of contracting the same; and the taxes laid for this purpose shall not be repealed or applied to any other object until the said debt and interest thereon shall be fully discharged. The credit of the State shall not in any manner be given, or loaned to, or in aid of any individual association or corporation; nor shall the General Assembly have the power in any mode to involve the State in the construction of works of internal improvement, nor in granting any aid thereto which shall involve the faith or credit of the State; nor make any appropriation therefor, except in aid of the construction of works of internal improvements in the counties of St. Mary’s, Charles and Calvert, which have had no direct advantage from such works as have been heretofore aided by the State; and provided that such aid, advances or appropriations shall not exceed in the aggregate the sum of five hundred thousand dollars. And they shall not use or appropriate the proceeds of the internal improvement companies, or of the State tax, MARYLAND MANUAL 289 now levied, or which may hereafter be levied, to pay off the public debt [or] to any other purposes until the interest and debt are fully paid or the sinking fund shall be equal to the amount of the outstanding debt; but the General As- sembly may, without laying a tax, borrow an amount never to exceed fifty thousand dollars to meet temporary defici- encies in the Treasury, and may contract debts to any amount that may be necessary for the defence of the State. And provided further that nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the raising of funds for the purpose of aiding or compensating in such manner or way as the General Assembly of the State shall deem proper, those citizens of the State who have served, with honor, their country and State in time of war; provided, however, that such action of the General Assembly shall be effective only when submitted to and approved by a vote of the people of the State at the General Election next following the enactment of such legislation.1

SEC. 35. No extra compensation shall be granted or allowed by the General Assembly to any public officer, agent, servant or contractor, after the service shall have been rendered, or the contract entered into; nor shall the salary or compensation of any public officer be increased or diminished during his term of office.

Sec. 35A. Nothing in this Constitution shall exempt the salary or compensation of any judge or other public officer from the imposition by the General Assembly of a non- discriminatory tax upon income.2

Sec. 36. No lottery grant shall ever hereafter be authorized by the General Assembly.

Sec. 37. The General Assembly shall pass no law providing for payment by this State for slaves emancipated from servitude in this State; but they shall adopt such measures as they may deem expedient to obtain from the United States compensation for such slaves, and to receive and distribute the same equitably to the persons entitled.

Sec. 38. No person shall be imprisoned for debt. 1 Thus amended by Chapter 327, Acts of 1924, ratified by the people November 4, 1924. 2 Thus added by Chapter 771, 1939, ratified by the people at the November election, 1940. 290 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 39. The books, papers and accounts of all banks shall be open to inspection under such regulations as may be prescribed by law.1 Sec. 40. The General Assembly shall enact no law authorizing private property to be taken for public use, without just compensation as agreed upon between the parties, or awarded by a jury, being first paid or tendered to the party entitled to such compensation. Sec. 40A. The General Assembly shall enact no law authorizing private property to be taken for public use without just compensation, to be agreed upon between the parties or awarded by a jury, being first paid or tendered to the party entitled to such compensation, but where such property is situated in Baltimore city and is desired by this State or by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of ap- praisers by a Court of Record to value such property, and that, upon payment of the amount of such valuation to the party entitled to compensation, or into Court and securing the payment of any further sum that may be awarded by a jury, such property may be taken.2 Sec. 40B. The General Assembly shall enact no law authorizing private property to be taken for public use without just compensation, to be agreed upon between the parties or awarded by a jury, being first paid or tendered to the party entitled to such compensation, except that where such property in the judgment of the State Roads Commis- sion is needed by the State for highway purposes, the Gen- eral Assembly may provide that such property may be taken immediately upon payment therefor to the owner or owners thereof by said State Roads Commission or into Court, such amount as said State Roads Commission shall estimate to be of the fair value of said property, provided such legislation also requires the payment of any further sum that may subsequently be awarded by a jury.3 Sec. 41. Any citizen of this State who shall, after the adoption of this Constitution, either in or out of this State, fight a duel with deadly weapons, or send or accept a chal- lenge so to do, or who shall act as a second, or knowingly aid or assist in any manner those offending, shall ever 1 Thus amended by Chapter 151, of the Acts of the Special Session of 1936 and ratified by the people November 3, 1936. 2 Thus added by Chapter 402, Acts of 1912, ratified by the people November 4, 1913. 3 Thus added by Chapter 607, of the Acts of 1941 and ratified by the people at the November election, 1942. MARYLAND MANUAL 291 thereafter be incapable of holding any office of profit or trust under this State, unless relieved from the disability by an Act of the Legislature. Sec. 42. The General Assembly shall pass laws necessary for the preservation of the purity of elections. SEC. 43. The property of the wife shall be protected from the debts of her husband. Sec. 44. Laws shall be passed by the General Assembly to protect from execution a reasonable amount of the property of the debtor, not exceeding in value the sum of five hundred dollars. Sec. 45. The General Assembly shall provide a simple and uniform system of charges in the offices of Clerks of Courts and Registers of Wills, in the Counties of this State and the City of Baltimore, and for the collection thereof; provided, the amount of compensation to any of the said officers in the various Counties and in the City of Balti- more shall be such as may be prescribed by law.1 Sec. 46. The General Assembly shall have power to receive from the United States any grant or donation of land, money or securities for any purpose designated by the United States, and shall administer or distribute the same according to the conditions of the said grant. Sec. 47. The General Assembly shall make provisions for all cases of contested elections of any of the officers, not herein provided for. Sec. 48. Corporations may be formed under general laws, but shall not be created by special act, except for municipal purposes and except in cases where no general laws exist, providing for the creation of corporations of the same general character as the corporation proposed to be created, and any act of incorporation passed in violation of this section shall be void; all charters granted or adopted in pursuance of this section, and all charters heretofore granted and created subject to repeal or modification, may be altered from time to time, or be repealed; provided, nothing herein contained shall be construed to extend to banks or the incorporation thereof; the General Assembly shall not alter or amend the charter of any corporation existing at the time of the adoption of this Article, or pass any other general or special law for the benefit of such i Thus amended by Chapter 509—Acts of 1941 ratified by the people Novem- ber 3, 1942. 292 MARYLAND MANUAL corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall surrender all claim to exemption from taxation or from the repeal or modification of its charter, and that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution; and any corporation chartered by this State which shall accept, use, enjoy or in any wise avail itself of any rights, privileges, or advan- tages that may hereafter be granted or conferred by any general or special Act, shall be conclusively presumed to have thereby surrendered any exemption from taxation to which it may be entitled under its charter, and shall be thereafter subject to taxation as if no such exemption has been granted by its charter.1 Sec. 49. The General Assembly shall have power to regulate by law, not inconsistent with this Constitution, all matters whidh relate to the Judges of Election, time, place and manner of holding elections in this State, and of making returns thereof. Sec. 50. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly at its first session, held after the adoption of this Constitu- tion, to provide by law for the punishment, by fine, or imprisonment in the penitentiary or both, in the discretion of the court, of any person who shall bribe or attempt to bribe any Executive, or Judicial officer of the State of Maryland, or any member, or officer of the General Assembly of the State of Maryland, or of any municipal corporation in the State of Maryland, or any executive officer of such corporation, in order to influence him in the performance of any of his official duties; and also, to provide by law for the punishment, by fine, or imprisonment in the penitentiary, or both, in the discretion of the court of any of said officers, or members, who shall demand or receive any bribe, fee, reward or testimonial for the performance of his official duties, or for neglecting or failing to perform the same; and also, to provide by law for compelling any person so bribing, or attempting to bribe, or so demanding or receiving a bribe, fee, reward or testimonial, to testify against any person or persons who may have committed any of said offences; provided, that any person so compelled to testify shall be exempted from trial and punishment for the offence of which he may have been guilty; and any person convicted of such offense shall, as part of the punishment thereof, be forever disfranchised and disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit in this State. l Thus amended by Act of 1890, Chapter 195, ratified by the people Novem- ber 3, 1891. MARYLAND MANUAL 293

Sec. 51. The personal property of residents of this State shall be subject to taxation in the county or city where the resident bona fide resides for the greater part of the year for which the tax may or shall be levied, and not elsewhere, except goods and chattels permanently located, which shall be taxed in the city or county where they are so located, but the General Assembly may by law provide for the taxation of mortgages upon property in this State and the debts secured thereby in the county or city where such property is situated.1 Sec. 52. The General Assembly shall not appropriate any money out of the Treasury except in accordance with the following provisions: Sub-Section A: Every appropriation bill shall be either a Budget Bill, or a Supplementary Appropriation Bill, as hereinafter mentioned. Sub-Section B: First. Within twenty days after the convening of the General Assembly (except in the case of a newly elected Governor, and then within thirty days after his inauguration), unless such time shall be extended by the General Assembly for the session at which the Budget is to be submitted, the Governor shall submit to the General Assembly two budgets, one for each of the ensuing fiscal years. Each budget shall contain a complete plan of proposed expenditures and estimated revenues for the particular fiscal year to which it relates1; and shall show the estimated surplus or deficit of revenues at the end of such year. Accompanying each budget shall be a statement showing: (1) the revenues and expenditures for each of the two fiscal years next preceding; (2) the current assets, liabilities, reserves and surplus or deficit of the State; (3) the debts and funds of the State; (4) an estimate of the State’s financial condition as of the beginning and end of each of the fiscal years covered by the two budgets above provided; (5) any explanation the Governor may desire to make as to the important features of any budget and any suggestion as to methods for reduction or increase of the State’s revenue. Second. Each budget shall be divided into two parts, and the first part shall be designated “Governmental Appropria- tions” and shall embrace an itemized estimate of the appropriations: (1) for the General Assembly as certified to the Governor in the manner hereinafter provided; (2) for 1 Thus amended by Chapter 426, Acts of 1890. ratified by the people Novem- ber 3, 1891. 294 MARYLAND MANUAL

the Executive Department; (3) for the Judiciary Depart- ment, as provided by law, certified to the Governor by the Comptroller; (4) to pay and discharge the principal and interest of the debt of the State of Maryland in conformity with Section 34 of Article III of the Constitution, and all laws enacted in pursuance thereof; (5) for the salaries payable by the State under the Constitution and laws of the State; (6) for the establishment and maintenance throughout the State of a thorough and efficient system of public schools in conformity with Article VIII of the Constitution and with the laws of the State; (7) for such other purposes as are set forth in the Constitution of the State. Third. The second part shall be designated “General Ap- propriations,” and shall include all other estimates of appropriations. The Governor shall deliver to the presiding officer of each House the budgets and a bill for all the proposed appropriations of the budgets clearly itemized and classified; and the presiding officer of each House shall promptly cause said bill to be introduced therein, and such bill shall be known as the “Budget Bill.” The Governor may, before final action thereon by the General Assembly amend or supplement either of said budgets to correct an oversight or in case of an emergency, with the consent of the General Assembly by delivering such an amendment or supplement to the presiding officers of both Houses; and such amendment or supplement shall thereby become a part of said budget bill as an addition to the items of said bill or as a modification of or a substitute for any item of said bill such amendment or supplement may effect. The General Assembly shall not amend the budget bill so as to affect either the obligations of the State under Sec- tion 34 of Article III of the Constitution, or the provisions made by the laws of the State for the establishment and maintenance of a system of public schools, or the payment of any salaries required to be paid by the State of Maryland by the Constitution thereof; and the General Assembly may amend the bill by increasing or diminishing the items therein relating to the General Assembly, and by increasing the items therein relating to the judiciary, but except as hereinbefore specified, may not alter the said bill except to strike out or reduce items therein, provided, however, that the salary or compensation of any public officer shall not be decreased during his term of office; and such bill when and as passed by both Houses shall be a law immediately without further action by the Governor. MARYLAND MANUAL 295

Fourth. The Governor and such representatives of the executive departments, boards, officers and commissions of the State expending or applying for State’s money, as have been designated by the Governor for this purpose, shall have the right, and when requested by either House of the Legislature, it shall be their duty to appear and be heard with respect to any budget bill during the consideration thereof, and to answer inquiries relative thereto. Sub-Section C: Supplementary Appropriation Bills:— Neither House shall consider other appropriations until the Budget Bill has been finally acted upon by both Houses, and no such other appropriation shall be valid except in accordance with the provisions following: (1) Every such appropriation shall be embodied in a separate bill limited to some single work, object or purpose therein stated and called herein a Supplementary Appropriation Bill; (2) Each Sup- plementary Appropriation Bill shall provide the revenue necessary to pay the appropriation thereby made by a tax, direct or indirect, to be laid and collected as shall be directed in said Bill; (3) No Supplementary Appropriation Bill shall become a law unless it be passed in each House by a vote of a majority of the whole number of the members elected; and the yeas and nays recorded on its final passage; (4) Each Supplementary Appropriation Bill shall be presented to the Governor of the State as provided in Section 17 of Article II of the Constitution and thereafter all the provisions of said Section shall apply. Nothing in this amendment shall be construed as preventing the Legislature from passing at any time in accordance with the provisions of Section 28 of Article HI of the Constitution and subject to the Governor’s power of approval as provided in Section 17 of Article II of the Constitution an appropriation bill to provide for the payment of any obligation of the State of Maryland within the protection of Section 10 of Article I of the Constitution of the United States. Sub-Section D: General Provisions:—First. If the Bud- get Bill shall not have been finally acted upon by the Legis- lature three days before the expiration of its regular session, the Governor may, and it shall be his duty to issue a proclamation extending the session for such further period as may in his judgment be necessary for the passage of such bill; but no other matter than such bill shall be considered during such extended session except a provision for the cost thereof. 296 MARYLAND MANUAL

Second. The Governor for the purpose of making up his budgets shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to require from the proper State officials, including herein all executive departments, all executive and administrative offices, bureaus, boards, commissions and agencies expending or supervising the expenditure of, and all institutions applying for State moneys and appropriations, such itemized estimates and other information, in such form and at such times as he shall direct. The estimates for the Legis- lative Department, certified by the presiding officer of each House, of the Judiciary, as provided by law, certified by the Comptroller, and for the public schools, as provided by law, shall be transmitted to the Governor, in such form and at such times as he shall direct, and shall be included in the budget without revision. The Governor may provide for public hearings on all estimates and may require the attendance at such hearings of representatives of all agencies, and of all institutions applying for State moneys. After such public hearings he may in his discretion revise all estimates except those for the legislative and judiciary departments, and for the public schools as provided by law. Third. The Legislature may, from time to time, enact such laws, not inconsistent with this Section, as may be necessary and proper to carry out its provisions. Fourth. In the event of any inconsistency between any of the provisions of this Section and any of the other provisions of the Constitution, the provisions of this Section shall prevail. But nothing herein shall in any manner affect the provisions of Section 34 of Article III of the Con- stitution or of any laws heretofore or hereafter passed in pursuance thereof, or be construed as preventing the Gov- ernor from calling extraordinary sessions of the Legisla- ture, as provided by Section 16 of Article II, or as preventing the Legislature at such extraordinary sessions from considering any emergency appropriation or appropriations. If any item of any appropriation bill passed under the provisions of this Section shall be held invalid upon any ground, such invalidity shall not affect the legality of the bill or of any other item of such bill or bills.1 [Sec. 52. (1) The General Assembly shall not appropriate any money out of the Treasury except in accordance with the provisions of this section. 1 Thus amended by Chapter 159, 1916, ratified November 7, 1916. MARYLAND MANUAL 297

(2) Every appropriation bill shall be either a Budget Bill, or a Supplementary Appropriation Bill, as hereinafter provided. (3) Within twenty days after the convening of the Gen- eral Assembly in odd-numbered years (except in the case of a newly elected Governor, and then within thirty days after his inauguration), unless such time shall be extended by the General Assembly, and on the first Wednesday in February in even-numbered years, the Governor shall submit to the General Assembly a Budget for the next ensuing fiscal year. Each Budget shall contain a complete plan of proposed expenditures and estimated revenues for said fiscal year and shall show the estimated surplus or deficit of revenues at the end of the preceding fiscal year. Accom- panying each Budget shall be a statement showing: (a) the revenues and expenditures for the preceding fiscal year; (b) the current assets, liabilities, reserves and surplus or deficit of the State; (c) the debts and funds of the State; (d) an estimate of the State’s financial condition as of the beginning and end of the preceding fiscal year; (e) any explanation the Governor may desire to make as to the important features of the Budget and any suggestions as to methods for reduction or increase of the State’s revenue. (4) Each Budget shall embrace an itemized estimate of the appropriations, as follows: (a) for the General Assem- bly as certified to the Governor in the manner hereinafter provided; (b) for the Executive Department; (c) for the Judiciary Department, as provided by law, certified by the Comptroller; (d) to pay and discharge the principal and interest of the debt of the State in conformity with Section 34 of Article 3 of the Constitution, and all laws enacted in pursuance thereof; (e) for the salaries payable by the State under the Constitution and laws of the State; (f) for the establishment and maintenance throughout the State of a thorough and efficient system of public schools in conformity with Article 8 of the Constitution and with the laws of the State; (g) for such other purposes as are set forth in the Constitution or laws of the State. (5) The Governor shall deliver to the presiding officer of each House the Budget and a bill for all the proposed appropriations of the Budget classified and m such detail as he shall determine or as may be prescribed by law; and the presiding officer of each House shall promptly cause said bill to be introduced therein, and such bill shall be known as the “Budget Bill.” The Governor may, with the consent 298 MARYLAND MANUAL

of the General Assembly, before final action thereon by the General Assembly, amend or supplement said Budget to correct an oversight, provide funds contingent on passage of pending legislation or, in case of an emergency, by delivering such an amendment or supplement to the presiding officers of both Houses; and such amendment or supplement shall thereby become a part of said Budget Bill as an addition to the items of said bill or as a modification of or a substitute for any item of said bill such amendment or supplement may affect. (6) The General Assembly shall not amend the Budget Bill so as to affect either the obligations of the State under Section 34 of Article 3 of the Constitution, or the provisions made by the laws of the State for the establishment and maintenance of a system of public schools or the payment of any salaries required to be paid by the State of Maryland by the Constitution thereof; and the General Assembly may amend the bill by increasing or diminishing the items therein relating to the General Assembly, and by increasing the items therein relating to the judiciary, but except as hereinbefore specified, may not alter the said bill except to strike out or reduce items therein, provided, however, that the salary or compensation of any public officer shall not be decreased during his term of office; and such bill, when and as passed by both Houses, shall be a law immediately without further action by the Governor. (7) The Governor and such representatives of the executive departments, boards, officers and commissions of the State expending or applying for State’s moneys, as have been designated by the Governor for this purpose, shall have the right, and when requested by either House of the General Assembly, it shall be their duty to appear and be heard with respect to any Budget Bill during the consideration thereof, and to answer inquiries relative thereto. (8) Supplementary Appropriation Bill. Neither House shall consider other appropriations until the Budget Bill has been finally acted upon by both Houses, and no such other appropriation shall be valid except in accordance with the provisions following: (a) Every such appropriation shall be embodied in a separate bill limited to some single work, object or purpose therein stated and called herein a Supplementary Appropriation Bill; (b) Each Supplemen- tary Appropriation Bill shall provide the revenue necessary to pay the appropriation thereby made1 a tax, direct i The word “by” apparently omitted. MARYLAND MANUAL 299 or indirect, to be levied and collected as shall be directed in said bill; (c) No supplementary Appropriation Bill shall become a law unless it be passed in each House by a vote of a majority of the whole number of the members elected, and the yeas and nays recorded on its final passage; (d) Each Supplementary Appropriation Bill shall be presented to the Governor of the State as provided in Section 17 of Article 2 of the Constitution and thereafter all the provisions of said section shall apply. (9) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing the General Assembly from passing at any time, in accordance with the provisions of Section 28 of Article 3 of the Constitution and subject to the Governor’s power of approval as provided in Section 17 of Article 2 of the Constitution, an appropriation bill to provide for the payment of any obligation of the State within the protection of Section 10 of Article 1 of the Constitution of the United States. (10) If the Budget Bill shall not have been finally acted upon by the Legislature three days before the expiration of its regular session, the Governor may, and it shall be his duty to issue a proclamation extending the session for some further period as may, in his judgment, be necessary for the passage of such bill; but no other matter than such bill shall be considered during such extended session except a provision for the cost thereof. (11) The Governor for the purpose of making up his Budget shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to require from the proper State officials, including herein all executive departments, all executive and administrative offices, bureaus, boards, commissions and agencies, expending or supervising the expenditure of, and all institutions applying for State moneys and appropriations, such itemized estimates and other information, in such form and at such times as he shall direct. The estimates for the Legisla- tive Department, certified by the presiding officer of each House, of the Judiciary, as provided by law, certified by the Comptroller, and for the public schools, as provided by law, shall be transmitted to the Governor, in such form and at such times as he shall direct, and shall be included in the Budget without revision. (12) The Governor may provide for public hearings on all estimates and may require the attendance at such hearings of representatives of all agencies, and for all institu- 300 MARYLAND MANUAL tions applying for State moneys. After such public hearings he may, in his discretion, revise all estimates except those for the legislative and judiciary departments, and for the public schools, as provided by law. (13) The General Assembly may, from time to time, enact such laws not inconsistent with this section, as may be necessary and proper to carry out its provisions. (14) In the event of any inconsistency between any of the provisions of this Section and any of the other provisions of the Constitution, the provisions of this Section shall prevail. But nothing herein shall in any manner affect the provisions of Section 34 of Article 3 of the Constitution or of any laws heretofore or hereafter passed in pursuance thereof, or be construed as preventing the Governor from calling extraordinary sessions of the General Assembly, as provided by Section 16 of Article 2, or as preventing the General Assembly at such extraordinary sessions from considering any emergency appropriation or appropriations. (15) If any item of any appropriation bill passed under the provisions of this Section shall be held invalid upon any ground, such invalidity shall not affect the legality of the bill or of any other item of such bill or bills.]1 Sec. 53. No person shall be incompetent, as a witness, on account of race or color, unless hereafter so declared by Act of the General Assembly. Sec. 54_. No county of this State shall contract any debt, or obligation, in the construction of any railroad, canal, or other work of internal improvement, nor give, or loan its credit to or in aid of any association, or corporation, unless authorized by an Act of the General Assembly, which shall be published for two months before the next election for members of the House of Delegates in the newspapers published in such county, and shall also be approved by a majority of all the members elected to each House of the Gen- eral Assembly, at its next session after said election. Sec. 55. The General Assembly shall pass no law suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. Sec. 56. The General Assembly shall have power to pass all such laws as may be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the powers vested by this Constitution, l This amendment was submitted by Act of 1947, Ch. 497, and will be voted upon by the voters in November, 1948. MARYLAND MANUAL 301 in any department or office of the Government, and the duties imposed upon them thereby. SEC. 57. The legal rate of interest shall be six per cent per annum, unless otherwise provided by the General As- sembly. Sec. 58. The Legislature, at its first session after the ratification of this Constitution, shall provide by law for State and municipal taxation upon the revenues accruing from business done in the State by all foreign corporations. Sec. 59. The office of "State Pension Commissioner” is hereby abolished; and the Legislature shall pass no law creating such office, or establishing any general pension system within this State. 1Sec. 60. The General Assembly of Maryland shall have the power to provide by suitable general enactment (a) for the suspension of sentence by the Court in criminal cases; (b) for any form of the indeterminate sentence in criminal cases, and (c) for the release upon parole in whatever manner the General Assembly may prescribe, of convicts imprisoned under sentence for crimes. o ARTICLE IV. JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT Part I.—General Provisions. Section 1. The judicial power of this State shall be vested in a Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, Orphans’ Courts, such Courts for the city of Baltimore as are hereinafter provided for, and Justices of the Peace; all said Courts shall be Courts of Record, and each shall have a seal to be used in the authentication of all process issuing therefrom. The process and official character of Justices of the Peace shall be authenticated as hath heretofore been practiced in this State, or may hereafter be prescribed by law. Sec. 2. The judges of all of the said courts shall be citizens of the State of Maryland, and qualified voters under this Constitution, and shall have resided therein not less than five years, and not less than six months next preceding their election or appointment in the judicial circuit, as the case may be, for which they may be respectively i Thus added by Chapter 453, 1914, ratified November 2, 1915. 302 MARYLAND MANUAL

elected or appointed. They shall be not less than thirty years of age at the time of their election or appointment, and shall be selected from those who have been admitted to practice law in this State, and who are most distinguished for integrity, wisdom and sound legal knowledge. Sec. 3. The Judges of the said several Courts shall be elected in the counties by the qualified voters in their respective Judicial Circuits as hereinafter provided, and in the City of Baltimore, at the general election to be held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, as now provided for in the Constitution. Each of the said Judges shall hold his office for the term of fifteen years from the time of his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until he shall have attained the age of seventy years, whichever may first happen, and be re-eligible there- to until he shall have attained the age of seventy years, and not after. Provided, however, that any judge whose term has been extended beyond the age of seventy years by the General Assembly prior to April 7, 1931, shall be permitted to continue in office in accordance with the resolution of the General Assembly in each case. In case of the inability of any of said Judges to discharge his duties with efficiency, by reason of continued sickness, or of physical or mental infirmity, it shall be in the power of the General Assembly, two thirds of the members of each House concurring, with the approval of the Governor, to retire said Judge from office.1 Sec. 4. Any judge shall be removed from office by the Governor, on conviction in a court of law of incompetency, of wilful neglect of duty, misbehavior in office or any other crime, or on impeachment, according to this constitution, or the laws of the State; or on the address of the General Assembly, two-thirds of each House concurring in such address, and the accused having been notified of the charges against him, and having had opportunity of making his defence. Sec. 5. Upon every occurrence or recurrence of a vacancy through death, resignation, removal, disqualification by reason of age or otherwise, or expiration of the term of fifteen years of any judge, or creation of the office of any judge, or in any other way, the Governor shall appoint a person duly qualified to fill said office, who shall hold the same until the election and qualification of his successor; i Thus amended by Act of 1931, Chapter 479, ratified by the people at the November election, 1932. MARYLAND MANUAL 303 except that when a vacancy shall exist in the office of Chief Judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, the Gover- nor may designate an Associate Judge of said Supreme Bench as Chief Judge of said Supreme Bench, and such appointee as Chief Judge shall hold such office for the residue of the term for which he was last elected an Asso- ciate Judge of said Supreme Bench. His successor shall be elected at the first biennial general election for Representa- tives in Congress after the expiration of the term of fifteen years (if the vacancy occurred in that way) or the first such general election after one year after the occurrence of the vacancy in any other way than through expiration of such term. Except in case of reappointment of a judge upon expiration of his term of fifteen years, no person shall be appointed who will become disqualified by reason of age and thereby unable to continue to hold office until the prescribed time when his successor would have been elected.1 Sec. 6. All judges shall by virtue of their offices be conservators of the peace throughout the State; and no fees, or perquisites, commission or reward of any kind, shall be allowed to any judge in this State, besides his annual salary, for the discharge of any judicial duty. Sec. 7. No judge shall sit in any case wherein he may be interested, or where either of the parties may be connected with him by affinity or consanguinity within such degrees as now are or may hereafter be prescribed by law, or where he shall have been of counsel in the case. Sec. 8. The parties to any cause may submit the same to the court for determination without the aid of a jury and in all suits or actions at law, issues from the Orphans’ Court or from any court sitting in equity, and in all cases of presentments or indictments for offences which are or may be punishable by death pending in any of the courts of law of this State having jurisdiction thereof, upon suggestion in writing under oath of either of the parties to said proceedings, that such party can not have a fair and impartial trial in the court in which the same may be pending, the said court shall order and direct the record of proceedings in such suit or action, issue, presentment or indictment, to be transmitted to some other court having jurisdiction in such case, for trial; but in all other cases of presentment or indictment pending in any of the courts of law in this State having jurisdiction thereof, in addition to the suggestion in writing of either of the parties to such presentment or 1 Thus amended by Ch. 703 of 1945, and ratified at November election, 1946. 304 MARYLAND MANUAL

indictment that such party can not have a fair and impartial trial in the court in which the same may be pending, it shall be necessary for the party making such suggestion to make it satisfactorily appear to the court that such suggestion is true, or that there is reasonable ground for the same; and thereupon the said court shall order and direct the record of proceedings in such presentment or indictment to be transmitted to some other court having jurisdiction in such cases for trial; and such right of removal shall exist upon suggestion in cases when all the judges of said court may be disqualified, under the provisions of this Constitu- tion to sit in any case; and said court to which the record of proceedings in such suit or action, issue, presentment or indictment may be so transmitted, shall hear and determine the same in like manner as if such suit or action, issue, presentment or indictment had been originally instituted therein ; and the General Assembly shall make such modification of existing law as may be necessary to regulate and give force to this provision.1 Sec. 9. The judge or judges of any court may appoint such officers for their respective courts as may be found necessary; and such officers of the Courts in the city of Baltimore shall be appointed by the judges of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore city. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to prescribe by law a fixed compensation for all such officers, and said judge or judges shall from time to time investigate the expenses, costs and charges of their respective courts, with a view to a change or reduction thereof, and report the result of such investigation to the General Assembly for its action. Sec. 10. The clerks of the several courts created or continued by this Constitution shall have charge and custody of the records and other papers; shall perform all the duties, and be allowed the fees which appertain to their several offices, as the same now are or may hereafter be regulated by law. And the office and business of said clerks, in all their departments, shall be subject to the visitorial power of the judges of their respective courts, who shall exercise the same, from time to time, so as to insure the faithful performance of the duties of said offices; and it shall be the duty of the judges of said courts, respectively, to make from time to time such rules and regulations as may be necessary and proper for the government of said clerks, and for the performance of the duties of their offices, which 1 Thus amended by Act of 1874, Chapter 364, ratified by the people at November election, 1875. MARYLAND MANUAL 305 shall have the force of law until repealed or modified by the General Assembly. Sec. 11. The election for judges hereinbefore provided, and all elections for Clerks, Registers of Wills and other officers provided m this Constitution, except State’s Attor- nfy®’ S^H be certified, and the returns made by the Clerks ot the Circuit Courts of the counties, and the Clerk of the superior Court of Baltimore city, respectively, to the Gov- ernor, who shall issue commissions to the different persons tor the offices to which they shall have been, respectively, elected; and m ah such elections the persons having the greatest number of votes shall be declared elected.

,, 12. If m any case of election for Judges, Clerks of our ;s aw didatesj-j ^ shall‘ haveL anand equal Register number of Wills,of votes, the itopposing shall be can-the duty of the Governor to order a new election; and in case ot any contested election the Governor shall send the returns to the House of Delegates, which shall judge of the election and qualification of the candidates at such election, and it the judgment shall be against the one who has been returned elected, or the one who has been commissioned by e overnor electioni y within> thethirty House days. of Delegates shall order a new

»EC- I?- AH public commissions and grants shall run ^tate of Maryland,” etc., and shall be signed by the Governor, with the Seal of the State annexed; all writs and process shall run in the same style, and be tested, sealed and signed as heretofore, or as may hereafter be provided by law; and all indictments shall conclude, “against the peace, government and dignity of the State ” "Sec. ISA. The General Assembly shall provide by Gen- eral Daw for the assignment by the Court of Appeals of any of the Chief Judges and any of the Associate Judges of the several Judicial Circuits of this State, including any Judge of the Court of Appeals from Baltimore City, and any of the Judges of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore, to sit in any other or different Judicial Circuits for designated and limited periods, for the purpose of relieving accumulation of business or because of the indisposition or disqualification of any judge And any judge so assigned by the Court of Ap- peals shall have all the power and authority pertaining to the judge of the court to which he is assigned.

1 T, is ratified..„ , by; theamendment people inwas November, submitted 1944. by Chapter 796 ofoi thetne ArtsActs of loaa1943 and 306 MARYLAND MANUAL

Part II.—Court of Appeals

Sec. 14. Until January 1, 1945, the Court of Appeals shall be composed of the Judges in office on November 7, 1944. From and after January 1, 1945, the Court of Ap- peals shall be composed of five Judges, two from the City of Baltimore; one from the First Appellate Judicial Cir- cuit, consisting of Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne’s, Caroline, Tal- bot, Dorchester, Wicomico, Worcester and Somerset Coun- ties; one from the Second Appellate Judicial Circuit, consisting of Harford, Baltimore, Anne Arundel, Prince George’s, Charles, Calvert and St. Mary’s Counties; and one from the Third Appellate Judicial Circuit, consisting of Carroll, Howard, Montgomery, Frederick, Washington, Allegany and Garrett Counties; and during the continuance in office of Judges who were in office before January 1, 1945, not exceeding three additional Judges. The City of Baltimore shall, for the purposes of this section, be designated as the Fourth Appellate Judicial Circuit. The additional Judge from the Fourth Appellate Judicial Circuit shall be appointed by the Governor to serve until the election and qualification of his successor, as provided by Sec- tion 5 of this Article. Except as to such additional Judge, the Judges of said Court, in the first instance, shall be appointed by the Governor from their respective Appellate Judicial Circuits, but such appointments shall be made from among the elected Judges composing the Court of Appeals as of December 31, 1944. If, on December 31, 1944, there are no elected members of the Court of Appeals from any Appellate Judicial Circuit, the Governor shall designate the member of the Court of Appeals from that Appellate Ju- dicial Circuit from among the appointed members of the Court of Appeals from that Appellate Judicial Circuit. If any Judge so appointed shall be a member of the Court of Appeals as of December 31, 1944, by virtue of having been elected to that office, his appointment shall be for the balance of the term for which he had theretofore been elected. The judges so appointed from the First, Second, and Third Appellate Judicial Circuits shall cease to be Chief Judges of their respective Circuits. Any elected Judges from Cir- cuits, except the Eighth Circuit, in office on December 31, 1944, other than the three designated by the Governor as Judges of the Court of Appeals, shall be additional Judges of the Court of Appeals and shall continue to be Chief Judge of their respective Circuits and shall hold office for the residue of the terms for which they were elected. No successor to any such additional Judge shall be appointed MARYLAND MANUAL 307 or elected as Judge of the Court of Appeals or (except as provided in Section 21 of this Article) as Judge of his Cir- cuit, but any such additional Judge shall be eligible to appointment as the member of the Court of Appeals from his respective Appellate Judicial Circuit. Any vacancy in any Appellate Judicial Circuit shall be filled by designation by the Governor of one of the additional Judges from such Appellate Judicial Circuit, if any, to hold office for the residue of the term for which he was originally elected. Upon his appointment or designation a,s a member of the Court of Appeals from his Appellate Judicial Circuit, such additional Judge shall cease to be the Chief Judge of his Circuit. The Judges of the Court of Appeals shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective Appellate Judicial Cir- cuits, their terms to begin on the date of their qualification. One of the judges of the Court of Appeals shall be designated by the Governor as the Chief Judge. The jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals shall be co-extensive with the limits of the State and such as now is or may hereafter be prescribed by law. It shall hold its sessions in the City of An- napolis on the second Monday in January in the year 1945, and thereafter at such time or times as it shall from time to time by rule prescribe. Its session or sessions shall continue not less than ten months in each year, if the business before it shall so require, and it shall be competent for the judges temporarily to transfer their sittings elsewhere upon sufficient cause. The salary of each judge of the Court of Appeals shall be that now or hereafter prescribed by the General Assembly and shall not be diminished during his continuance in office. When the number of judges shall have become reduced to five, three of the judges shall constitute a quorum, and the concurrence of a majority of a quorum shall be sufficient for the decision of any cause.1 Sec. 15. Four of said judges shall constitute a quorum; no cause shall be decided without the concurrence of at least three; but the judge who heard the cause below shall not participate in the decision; in every case an opinion, in writing, shall be filed within three months after the argu- ment or submission of the cause; and the judgment of the court shall be final and conclusive; and all cases shall stand for hearing at the first term after the transmission of the record. Sec. 16. Provision shall be made by law for publishing reports of all causes argued and determined in the Court 1 Thus amended by Chapter 772, of the Acts of 1943, and ratified by the people m Noyember, 1944. 308 MARYLAND MANUAL of Appeals, which the judges shall designate as proper for publication. Sec. 17. There shall be a Clerk of the Court of Appeals, who, after the expiration of the current term of the present incumbent, shall be appointed by and shall hold his office at the pleasure of said Court of Appeals.1 Sec. 18. It shall be the duty of the Judges of the Court of Appeals, as soon after their election under this Consti- tution as practicable, to make and publish rules and regulations for the prosecution of appeals to said appellate court whereby they shall prescribe the periods within which appeals may be taken, what part or parts of the proceedings in the court below shall constitute the record on appeal and the manner in which such appeals shall be brought to hearing or determination, and shall regulate, generally, the practice of said Court of Appeals so as to prevent delays and promote brevity in all records and proceedings brought into said court, and to abolish and avoid all unnecessary costs and expenses in the prosecution of appeals therein; and the said judges shall make such reduction in the fees and expenses in the said court as they may deem advisable. It shall also be the duty of said Judges of the Court of Ap- peals, as soon after their election as practicable, to devise and promulgate by rules or orders, forms and modes of framing and filing bills, answers and other proceedings and pleadings in equity; and also forms and modes of taking and obtaining evidence, to be used in equity cases; and to revise and regulate, generally, the practice in the Courts of Equity of this State, so as to prevent delays, and to promote brevity and conciseness in all pleadings and proceedings therein, and to abolish all unnecessary costs and expenses attending the same. And all rules and regulations hereby directed to be made shall, when made, have the force of law until rescinded, changed or modified by the said judges, or the General Assembly. 2Sec. 18A. The Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals shall be the administrative head of the judicial system of the State. He shall from time to time require, from each of the judges of the Circuit Courts for the several counties and of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, reports as to the judicial work and business of each of the judges and their respective courts. He may, in case of a vacancy or 1 This amendment was submitted by Ch. 40, 1939, and adopted by the people November, 1940. 2 This amendment was submitted by Chapter 772 of the Acts of 1943 and ratified by the people in November, 1944. MARYLAND MANUAL 309 of illness, disqualification or other absence of one or more judges of the Court of Appeals, designate any judge of any of the Circuit Courts for the counties or of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City to sit in any case or for a specified period as a judge of the Court of Appeals in lieu of a judge of that court, and may designate, to sit as a judge of the Circuit Court for any county or of any Court or Courts of Baltimore City, either alone or with one or more other judges, in any case or for a specified period, any judge of the Court of Appeals or of any other Circuit Court or of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. In the absence of the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals the provisions of this Section shall be applicable to the senior judge present. The powers of the Chief Judge under the aforegoing provisions of this section shall be subject to such rules and regulations, if any, as the Court of Appeals may make. The Court of Appeals from time to time shall make rules and regulations to regulate and revise the practice and procedure in that Court and in the other courts of this State, which shall have the force of law until rescinded, changed or modified by the Court of Appeals or otherwise by law. The power of the courts other than the Court of Appeals to make rules of practice and procedure shall be subject to the rules and regulations prescribed by the Court of Appeals or otherwise by law.

Part III—Circuit Courts. Sec. 19. The State shall be divided into eight judicial circuits, in manner following, viz.: The counties of Wor- cester, Somerset, Dorchester and Wicomico,1 shall constitute the First Circuit; the counties of Caroline, Talbot, Queen Anne’s, Kent and Cecil, the Second; the counties of Baltimore and Harford, the Third; the counties of Alle- gany, Washington and Garrett2, the Fourth; the counties of Carroll, Howard and Anne Arundel, the Fifth; the counties of Montgomery and Frederick, the Sixth; the counties of Prince George’s, Charles, Calvert and St. Mary’s, the Seventh, and Baltimore city, the Eighth. Sec. 20. A court shall be held in each county of the State, to be styled the Circuit Court for the county in which it may be held. The said Circuit Courts shall have and exercise, in the respective counties, all the power, authority and jurisdiction, original and appellate, which the pres- 1 Wicomico County formed since the adoption of this Constitution. 2 G-arrett County formed since the adoption of this Constitution. 310 MARYLAND MANUAL

ent Circuit Courts of this State now have and exercise, or which may hereafter be prescribed by law. 2 Sec. 21. From and after January 1, 1945, there shall be at least three judges for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh circuits, to be styled judges of the Circuit Court, to be elected or appointed as herein provided. In any of said circuits in which there shall be more than three judges (including the additional judge of the Court of Appeals), no successor to the additional judge of the Court of Appeals shall be appointed or elected as judge of said circuit. In any of said circuits in Which there shall be only three judges (including an additional judge of the Court of Appeals), a successor to the additional judge of the Court of Appeals shall be appointed and elected as judge of said circuit. The aforesaid number of judges for any of the circuits shall be subject to increase or decrease by law as provided in Section 5 of this Article. The senior judge in length of service shall be the chief judge of the circuit (unless there is an additional judge of the Court of Ap- peals) ; the other judge or judges shall be associate judges. No two of said judges of the Circuit Court shall at the time of their election or appointment, or during the term for which they may have been elected or appointed, reside in any one county other than Baltimore, Montgomery, Prince George’s or Allegany County, and not more than two in any county except (if there is an additional judge of the Court of Appeals) Baltimore County. In case any candidate or candidates for judge at any election shall receive sufficient votes to cause such candidate or candidates to be declared elected, but the election of sudh candidate or candidates would cause more judges than herein permitted to reside in any county of the circuit, then and in that event there shall be declared elected only that candidate or those candidates residing in said county, in the order of the votes received, whose election would provide the permitted number of judges from said county, and also the candidate or candidates residing in some other county, and not similarly disqualified, who shall have the next highest number of votes in said election. If, by reason of such a condition or by reason of an equal vote for two or more candidates a sufficient number of judges duly qualified as to residence shall not be elected at any election, then it shall be the duty of the Governor to order a new election for such unfilled office or offices. The said judges shall hold such terms of the Cir- 2 Thus amended by Ch. 772 of the Acts of 1943, and ratified at November election, 1944. MARYLAND MANUAL 311 cuit Court in each of the counties composing their respective circuits, at such times, as are now prescribed or may hereafter be prescribed by rules or regulations by the Court of Appeals or otherwise by law. One judge in each of said seven circuits shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business; and the said judges, or any of them, may hold special terms of their Courts, when in their discretion, the business of the several counties renders such terms necessary. All provisions of the Constitution of Maryland and all acts of the General Assembly relating to the Court of Appeals or any other courts, and all rules heretofore adopted by the Court of Appeals, not inconsistent with the provisions of the sections amended or added by this amendment, shall remain in full force and effect unless and until amended or repealed by proper authority. All salaries now prescribed by law for associate judges of the Circuit Courts shall continue to apply to all judges (including chief judges) of the Circuit Courts who are not judges of the Court of Appeals. No member of the General Assembly at which this amendment was proposed, if otherwise qualified, shall be ineligible for appointment or election as judge of the Court of Ap- peals or any other court by reason of his membership in such General Assembly. All appeals and other matters pending in the Court of Appeals on January 1, 1945, shall be proceeded with and determined by the Court as hereby constituted. In the event and to the extent of any inconsistency between the provisions of any section amended or added by this amendment and any of the other provisions of this Constitution or the provisions of any existing law, the provisions of the sections amended or added shall prevail, and such other provisions shall be repealed or abrogated to the extent of such inconsistency, except Section 35A of Article III of this Constitution; provided, however, that in the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of the sections thus amended or added and any of the other provisions of this Constitution as amended by any other amendments which may be adopted at the same time as this amendment, i. e., at the election held in November, 1944, the changes made by this amendment and all such other amendments to this Constitution shall all be given effect.1 Sec. 22. Where any term is held, or trial conducted by less than the whole number of said Circuit Judges, upon the decision or determination of any point or question by the court, it shall be competent to the party against whom the 1 Thus amended by Ch. 772, 1943, ratified Nov. 1944. 312 MARYLAND MANUAL ruling or decision is made, upon motion, to have the point or question reserved for the consideration of the three judges of the Circuit, who shall constitute a court in banc for such purpose; and the motion for such reservation shall be entered of record during the sitting at which such decision may be made; and the several Circuit Courts shall regulate, by rules, the mode and manner of presenting such points or questions to the court in banc, and the decision of the said court in banc shall be the effective decision in the premises, and conclusive, as against the party at whose motion said points or questions were reserved; but such decision in banc shall not preclude the right of appeal or writ of error to the adverse party in those cases, civil or criminal, in which appeal or writ of error to the Court of Ap- peals may be allowed by law. The right of having questions reserved shall not, however, apply to trials of appeals from judgments of Justices of the Peace, nor to criminal cases below the grade of felony, except when the punishment is confinement in the penitentiary; and this section shall be subject to such provisions as may hereafter be made by law. Sec. 23. The judges of the respective Circuit Courts of this State and of the courts of Baltimore city, shall render their decisions in all cases argued before them, or submitted for their judgment, within two months after the same shall have been so argued or submitted. Sec. 24. The salary of each Chief Judge and of the Judge of the Court of Appeals from the city of Baltimore shall be three thousand five hundred dollars, and of each Associate Judge of the Circuit Court shall be two thousand eight hundred dollars per annum, payable quarterly, and shall not be diminished during his continuance in office.1 Sec. 25. There shall be a Clerk of the Circuit Court for each county, who shall be elected by a plurality of the qualified voters of said county, and shall hold his office for six years from the time of his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified, and be re-eligible, subject to be removed for wilful neglect of duty or other misdemeanor in office, on conviction in a court of law. In case of a vacancy in the office of Clerk of a Circuit Court, the Judges of said court shall have power to fill such vacancy until 1 By Ch. 889 of 1945 the salary of the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals was set at $14,500; that of each Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals at $13,500; and that of each judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City and of the first seven judicial circuits at $9,500. See also Sections 14 and 31A of this Article. MARYLAND MANUAL 313 the geiieral election for Delegates to the General Assembly, to be held next thereafter, when a successor shall be elected tor the term of six years.1 Sec. 26. The said clerks shall appoint, subject to confirmation of the judges of their respective courts as many deputies under them as the said judges shall deem necessary to perform, together with themselves, the duties ot the said office, who shall be removable by the said judges for incompetency, or neglect of duty, and whose compensation shall be according to existing or future provisions of the General Assembly.

Part IV—Courts of Baltimore City. Sec. 27. There shall be in the Eighth Judicial Circuit six courts, to be styled the Supreme Bench of Baltimore city, the Superior Court of Baltimore city, the Court of Common Pleas, the Baltimore City Court, the Circuit Court of Baltimore City2 and the Criminal Court3 of Baltimore. Sec. 28. The Superior Court of Baltimore City, the Court of Common Pleas and the Baltimore City Court4 shall each have concurrent jurisdiction in all civil common law cases, and concurrently all the jurisdiction which the Su- perior Court of Baltimore city and the Court of Common Pleas now have, except jurisdiction in equity, and except m applications for the benefit of the insolvent laws of Maryland, and in cases of appeal from judgments of Jus- tices of the Peace in said city, whether civil or criminal, or arising under the ordinances of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, of all of which appeal cases the Baltimore City Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction; and the said Court of Common Pleas shall have exclusive jurisdiction in all applications for the benefit of the insolvent laws of Maryland, and the supervision and control of the trustees thereof. Sec. 29. The Circuit Court of Baltimore City shall have exclusive jurisdiction in equity within the limits of said city, and all such jurisdiction as the present Circuit Court of Baltimore City has; provided, the said court shall not have jurisdiction in applications for the writ of habeas corpus in cases of persons charged with criminal offenses. 1 Modified by Article 17, Section 1. 2 Circuit Court No. 2 established by Act of 1888, Chapter 194. 21,01 1897.i3Qo^im Seeonal JacksonT^°iUrt v. State,established 87 Md. 191.by rule of the Supreme Bench, December Courtn ^ ^ot Je Common jurisdiction Pleas ofwas the enlarged Baltimore by the City Act Court,of 1870, the Chapter Superior 177. Court and the 314 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 30. The Criminal Court of Baltimore shall have and exercise all the jurisdiction now held and exercised by the Criminal Court of Baltimore, except in such appeal cases as are herein assigned to the Baltimore City Court. Sec. 31. There shall be elected by the legal and qualified voters of said city, at the election, hereinbefore provided for, one Chief Judge and four Associate Judges, who, together, shall constitute the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, and shall hold their offices for the term of fifteen years, subject to the provisions of this Constitution with regard to the election and qualifications of judges and their removal from office, and shall exercise the jurisdiction, hereinafter specified, and shall each receive an annual salary of three thousand five hundred dollars1 payable quarterly, which shall not be diminished during their term of office; but authority is hereby given to the Mayor and City Coun- cil of Baltimore to pay to each of the said judges an annual addition of five hundred dollars to their respective salaries; provided, that the same being once granted shall not be diminished nor increased during the continuance of said judges in office. Sec. 31A. In addition to the authority granted to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore by the preceding section to pay to each of the judges of the Supreme Bench the annual sum of Five Hundred Dollars, authority is hereby given to said Mayor and City Council to pay to each of said judges such further annual sum as an addition to their respective salaries as the Mayor and City Council of Balti- more shall from time to time deem right and proper, provided, that any such sum being once granted shall not be diminished during the continuance of said judges in office.2 Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of the said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, as soon as the judges thereof shall be elected and duly qualified, and from time to time, to provide for the holding of each of the aforesaid courts, by the assignment of one or more of their number to each of the said courts, who may sit either separately or together in the trial of cases; and the said Supreme Bench of Balti- more City may, from time to time, change the said assignment, as circumstances may require, and the public interest may demand; and the judge or judges, so assigned to the said several courts, shall, when holding the same, have all 1 Set by Ch. 889 of 1945 at $9,500. See also Sections 31A and 39 of this Article. 2 Sec. 31A adopted at the November election 1926, as proposed by Ch. 116, Acts of 1924. MARYLAND MANUAL 315 the powers and exercise all the jurisdiction which may belong to the court so being held; and it shall also be the duty of the said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, in case of the sickness, absence or disability of any judge or judges assigned as aforesaid, to provide for the hearing of the cases, or transaction of the business assigned to said judge or judges, as aforesaid, before some one or more of the judges of said court. Sec. 33. The said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City shall have power, and it shall be its duty, to provide for the holding of as many general terms as the performance of its duties may require, such general terms to be held by not less than three judges; to make all needful rules and regulations for the conduct of business in each of the said courts, during the session thereof, and in vacation, or in chambers, before any of said judges; and shall also have jurisdiction to hear and determine all motions for a new trial in cases tried in any of said courts, where such motions arise either on questions of fact, or for misdirection upon any matters of law, and all motions in arrest of judgment, or upon any matters of law determined by the said judge, or judges, while holding said several courts; and the said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City shall make all needful rules and regulations for the hearing before it of all said matters; and the same right of appeal to the Court of Appeals shall be allowed from the determination of the said court on such matters, as would have been the right of the parties if said matters had been decided by the court in which said cases were tried. The judge, before whom any case may hereafter be tried, in either the Baltimore City Court, the Superior Court of Baltimore City, or the Court of Common Pleas, shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine, and the said judge shall hear and determine motions for a new trial where such motions arise, either on questions of fact or for misdirection upon any matters of law, and all motions in arrest of judgment, or upon any matters of law, determined by the said judge, and all such motions shall be heard and determined within thirty days after they are made.1 Sec. 34. No appeal shall lie to the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City from the decision of the judge or the judges holding the Baltimore City Court in case of appeal from a Justice of the Peace; but the decision by said judge or 1 Till'S amended by the Act of 1870, Chapter 177, as provided by Section 39 of ArticleJ 4 of the Constitution. 316 MARYLAND MANUAL

judges shall be final; and all writs and other process issued out of either of said courts, requiring attestation, shall be attested in the name of the Chief Judge of the said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. Sec. 3151. Three of the judges of said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City shall constitute a quorum of said court. Sec. 36. All causes depending, at the adoption of this Constitution, in the Superior Court of Baltimore City, the Court of Common Pleas, the Criminal Court of Baltimore, and the Circuit Court of Baltimore City, shall be proceeded in, and prosecuted to final judgment or decree, in the courts, respectively, of the same name established by this Consti- tution, except cases belonging to that class, jurisdiction over which is by this Constitution transferred to the Balti- more City Court, all of which shall, together with all cases now pending in the City Court of Baltimore, be proceeded in and prosecuted to final judgment in said Baltimore City Court. Sec. 37. There shall be a clerk of each of the said courts of Baltimore city, except the Supreme Bench, who shall be elected by the legal and qualified voters of said city, at the election to be held in said city on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and shall hold his office for six years from the time of his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified, and be re-eligible thereto, subject to be removed for willful neglect of duty or other misdemeanor in office, on conviction in a court of law. The salary of each of the said clerks shall be thirty-five hundred dollars a year, payable only out of the fees and receipts collected by the clerks of said city, and they shall be entitled to no other perquisites or compensation. In case of vacancy in the office of clerk of any of said courts, the judges of said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, shall have power to fill such vacancy until the general election of Delegates to the General Assembly to be held next thereafter, when a clerk of said court shall be elected to serve for six1 years thereafter; and the provisions of this Article in relation to the appointment of deputies by the clerks of the Circuit Courts in the counties shall apply to the Clerks of the Courts in Balti- more City. Sec. 38. The Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas Shall have authority to issue within said city all marriage and other licenses required by law, subject to such provisions l Modified by Article 17, Sec. 1. MARYLAND MANUAL 317 as are now or may be prescribed by law. The Clerk of the Superior Court of said city shall receive and record all deeds, conveyances and other papers, which are or may be required by law to be recorded in said city. He shall also have custody of all papers connected with the proceedings on the law or equity side of Baltimore County Court and the dockets thereof, so far as the same have relation to the city of Baltimore, and shall also discharge the duties of Clerk to the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City unless otherwise provided by law. Sec. 39. The General Assembly shall, as often as it may think the same proper and expedient, provide by law for the election of an additional judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, and whenever provision is so made by the General Assembly, there shall be elected by the voters of said city another judge of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, who shall be subject to the same constitutional provisions, hold his office for the same term of years, receive the same compensation, and have the same powers as are, or shall be, provided by the Constitution or laws of this State, for the judges of said Supreme Bench of Baltimore City, and the General Assembly may provide by laws, or the Supreme Bench by its rules for requiring causes in any ot the courts of Baltimore city to be tried before the court without a jury, unless the litigants or some one of them shall within such reasonable time or times as may be prescribed, elect to have their causes tried before a jury. And the Geneial Assembly may reapportion, change or enlarge the jurisdiction of the several courts in said city.1

Part V—Orphans’ Court. SEC. 40. The qualified voters of the city of Baltimore, and of the several counties, shall on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November next, and on the same day in every fourth year thereafter,2 elect three men to be Judges of the Orphans’ Courts of said city and counties, respectively, who shall be citizens of the State, and residents for the twelve months preceding, in the city or county, for which they may be elected. They sdiall have all the powers now vested in the Orphans’ Courts of the State, subject to such changes as the Legislature may prescribe. Each of said judges shall be paid a per diem for the time they are

T amended b ber 7 ^3 y Chapter 313, Acts of 1892, ratified by the people Novem- 2 Modified by Article XVII, Section 3. 318 MARYLAND MANUAL actually in session, to be regulated by law, and to be paid by the said city or counties, respectively. In case of a vacancy in the office of Judge of the Orphans’ Court, the Governor shall appoint, subject to confirmation or rejection by the Senate, some suitable person to fill the same for the residue of the term. Sec. 41. There shall be a Register of Wills in each county of the State, and the city of Baltimore, to be elected by the legal and qualified voters of said counties and city, respectively, who shall hold his office for six years from the time of his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified;1 he shall be re-eligible, and subject at all times to removal for willful neglect of duty or misdemeanor in office in the same manner that the clerks of the courts are removable. In the event of any vacancy in the office of the Register of Wills, said vacancy shall be filled by the Judges of the Orphans’ Court, in which such vacancy occurs, until the next general election for Delegates to the General As- sembly, when a Register shall be elected to serve for six years thereafter.1

Part V-A—People’s Court. Sec. 41-A. There is hereby created a People’s Court of Baltimore City. Said Court shall consist originally of a Chief Judge and Two Associate Judges; the number of such Judges may thereafter be increased or decreased by the General Assembly by law but no such decrease shall affect the term of any Judge then in office or his right to stand for election for further terms as hereinafter provided. The Judges of said Court shall have the qualifications prescribed by Section 2 of this Article and shall have practiced law in the City of Baltimore for a total period of at least five years ; shall hold office subject to the provisions of Sections 3 and 4 of this Article with regard to retirement and removal from office; and shall receive from the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore City such compensation as shall be fixed by law by the General Assembly, which shall not be diminished during continuance in office. The Governor shall appoint to said Court, to take office on the first Monday of May, 1941, one Associate Judge for a term expiring December 31, 1942, one Associate Judge for a term expiring December 31, 1944, and a Chief Judge for a term expiring December 31, 1946; and, upon the creation of any additional office on said Court by increase 1 Modified by Article XVII, Section 1. MARYLAND MANUAL 319 in the number of Judges pursuant to this Section, shall appoint an Associate Judge for such term, not exceeding eight years and expiring on the thirty-first day of Decem- ber immediately following a Congressional election, as the law creating such office shall prescribe. If any vacancy occurs during any such original term, the Governor shall appoint a successor to serve for the remainder of such term. After the expiration of said original terms, the terms of office of said Court shall be for eight years from the expiration of the preceding term, and shall be filled as follows: (1) Any incumbent Judge of said Court shall be eligible, at the Congressional election immediately preceding the expiration of his period of appointment or term, for election or re-election to succeed himself (a) for a full term of eight years, except as provided in (b) hereof; or (b) for the unexpired remainder of the current eight year term, if his appointment will expire before the end of such term. No person other than an incumbent Judge shall be eligible for election to said Court. (2) Whenever a vacancy shall occur on said Court from any cause the Governor shall appoint to said Court a Judge who shall hold office under such appointment until the thirty-first day of December immediately following the first Congressional election occurring six months or more after the date of his appointment. No judge of said Court, who has stood for election to succeed himself and not been elected, shall thereafter be appointed to said Court, and no Judge of said Court, who has failed to stand for election when eligible, shall be appointed to succeed himself. (3) In order to qualify for election or re-election an incumbent Judge shall file with the Supervisors of Election of Baltimore City not later than thirty days before the date of the applicable election a certificate signed and duly acknowledged, stating the basis of his eligibility and the term or remainder of term for which he is eligible for election. Thereupon, the name of such Judge, together with a statement of the term or remainder of term for which he is eligible, shall be placed upon the ballot to be used in said City in such election, with no party designation whatever and with no opposing candidate, with space provided to permit any voter to cast his vote for or against the continuance in office of such Judge; if the votes cast for the continuance in office of such Judge represent a majority of all the votes cast for or against his continuance in of- 320 MARYLAND MANUAL fice, such Judge shall hold office for the unexpired remainder of the term or for the full term of eight years, as the case may be. Unless his office shall have been abolished pursuant to this Section, each Judge of said Court shall continue to hold office after the expiration of his period of appointment or term until a successor shall qualify. As used in this Sec- tion, “Congressional election” means any of the biennial elections at which members of the House of Representa- tives are regularly chosen. Said Court shall have such jurisdiction (which may be made exclusive as to any class or classes of civil cases in Baltimore City), with such right of appeal, therefrom, and the Chief Judge and Associate Judges thereof shall have such powers and duties, as the General Assembly shall prescribe from time to time by law. The Judges of said Court shall have full power to regulate by rules the administration, procedure and practice of said Court; such rules shall have the force of law until rescinded or modified by said Judges or the General Assembly. Unless otherwise provided by law, (1) all powers granted by this Section or by law to said Court or the Judges thereof as a body may be exercised by a majority of the Judges thereof, and (2) said Court shall not be a Court of Record. There shall be a Chief Constable of said Court, who shall perform therein the duties prescribed for Clerks of Court by Section 10 of this Article and such other duties as shall be prescribed by law or by rule of said Court. Such Chief Constable shall be appointed, in the manner hereinafter prescribed, by the Judges of said Court; and such Chief Constable shall appoint, in the manner hereinafter prescribed, all original, subsequent and additional constables and clerks employed pursuant to this Section, and shall supervise and direct the work of all such constables and clerks. There shall be appointed originally fourteen such constables and sixteen such clerks; the number of either may, on the joint recommendation of said Court and said Chief Constable, be increased by the Mayor and City Coun- cil of Baltimore City; no vacancy in the position of any constable or clerk, however arising, shall be filled by said Chief Constable unless the Judges of said Court and said Chief Constable shall expressly find that the filling of such vacancy is necessary for the efficient operation of said Court. The positions of said Chief Constable and of all such constables and clerks shall be positions in the Classi- fied City Service of Baltimore and the provisions of the MARYLAND MANUAL 321

Charter of said City with respect to said City Service are hereby expressly made applicable thereto, provided that, the Chief Constable at the time this amendment becomes effective shall continue and remain in said position and immediately become a member of said Classified City Ser- vice of Baltimore; all such positions shall be classified by the City Service Commission and all appointments, pro- motions, transfers, re-instatements, and removals with respect to such positions shall be made only in accordance with the provisions, rules and regulations of said Classi- fied City Service in force from time to time. Such Chief Constable and all of such other constables and all such clerks shall receive from the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore City such compensation as said Mayor and City Council shall prescribe. Such constables and clerks shall perform such duties as may now or hereafter be prescribed by law or rule of Court. After adoption of this Section no constable shall be appointed by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore City pursuant to Section 42 or Section 43 of this Article IV, but constables in office upon the adoption of this Section shall hold office for the remainder of their terms, and the constables first appointed under this Section shall take office at the expiration of such terms.1

41-B. The General Assembly shall have power by law to establish a People’s Court in any county, or any part thereof, incorporated city or town in this State, except Balti- more City, and to prescribe and from time to time to alter (1) the number, qualifications, tenure, and method of selection of the Judges of any such Court, and their powers, duties and compensation, except that the term of office or compensation of any Judge shall not be reduced during his continuance in office; (2) the jurisdiction of any such Court (which may be made exclusive as to any class or classes of civil cases in such county, or any part thereof, city or town) and the right of appeal therefrom; (3) the number, qualifications, tenure, method of selection, duties, and compensation of all constables, clerks or other employees for such Court; and (4) all other matters relating to such Court. After adoption of this Section the Gover- nor shall not be required to appoint any particular number of Justices of the Peace in any county or in any of the several election districts of the counties as now provided in Section 42 of the Constitution.1 l Added by Ch. 163, 1939, ratified Nov. 1940. 322 MARYLAND MANUAL

Part VI—Justices of the Peace Sec. 42. The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint such number of Justices of the Peace and the County Commissioners of the several counties, and the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, respectively, shall appoint such number of Constables, for the several election districts of the counties and wards of the city of Baltimore, as are now or may hereafter be prescribed by law; and Justices of the Peace and Constables so appointed shall be subject to removal by the judge or judges having criminal jurisdiction in the county or city, for incompetency, willful neglect of duty or misdemeanor in office, on conviction in a court of law. The Justices of the Peace and Constables so appointed and commissioned shall be conservators of the peace; shall hold their office for two years, and shall have such jurisdiction, duties and compensation, subject to such right of appeal in all cases from the judgment of Justices of the Peace, as hath been heretofore exercised, or shall be hereafter prescribed by law. Sec. 43. In the event of a vacancy in the office of a Jus- tice of the Peace, the Governor shall appoint a person to serve as Justice of the Peace for the residue of the term; and in case of a vacancy in the office of Constable, the County Commissioners of the county in which the vacancy occurs, or the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, as the case may be, shall appoint a person to serve as Constable for the residue of the terms.

Part VII—Sheriffs Sec. 44. There shall be elected in each county in the year 1946 and in every fourth year thereafter, one person, resident in said county, above the age of twenty-five years and at least five years preceding his election, a citizen of the State, to the office of Sheriff. He shall hold office for four years, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified; shall give such bond, exercise such powers and perform such duties as now are or may hereafter be fixed by law. In the City of Baltimore at the general election to be held in the year 1946 and every four years thereafter, there shall be elected in said City of Baltimore, one person who shall be a resident of said city, above the age of twenty-five years, and who shall have been at least five years preceding his election a citizen of this State, to the office of Sheriff. He shall hold office for four years, and until his successor MARYLAND MANUAL 323 is duly elected and qualified; shall be eligible for re-election; shall give such bond, exercise such powers and perform such duties as now are or may hereafter be fixed by law. In case of vacancy by death, resignation, refusal to serve, or neglect to qualify, or give bond, or by disqualification or removal from the County or City, the Governor shall appoint a person to be Sheriff for the remainder of the official term. The Sheriff in each county and in Baltimore City shall receive such salary or compensation and such expenses necessary to the conduct of his office as may be fixed by law; provided, that the salary of the Sheriff of Baltimore City shall be Seven Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($7,500.00) per year. All fees collected by the Sheriff shall be accounted for and paid to the Treasury of the several counties and of Baltimore City, respectively.1 Sec. 45. Coroners, Elisors and Notaries Public may be appointed for each county and the city of Baltimore in the manner, for the purpose and with the powers now fixed, or which may hereafter be prescribed by law. o ARTICLE V. ATTORNEY GENERAL AND STATE’S ATTORNEYS Attorney-General Sec. 1. There shall be an Attorney-General elected by the qualified voters of the State, on general ticket, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of No- vember, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and on the same day in every fourth year thereafter,2 who shall hold his office for four years from the time of his election and qualification, and until his successor is elected and qualified, and shall be re-eligible thereto, and shall be subject to removal for incompetency, willful neglect of duty or misdemeanor in office, on conviction in a court of law. Sec. 2. All elections for Attorney-General shall be certified to, and returns made thereof by the Clerks of the Cir- cuit Courts for the several counties, and the Clerk of the Superior Court of Baltimore City, to the Governor of the State, whose duty it shall be to decide on the election and qualification of the person returned; and in case of a tie 1 Thus amended by Act of 1945, Ch. 786, and ratified at November election, 1946. 2 Modified by Article XVII, Section 3. 324 MARYLAND MANUAL between two or more persons to designate which of said persons shall qualify as Attorney-General, and to administer the oath of office to the person elected. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to prosecute and defend on the part of the State all cases, which at the time of his appointment and qualification and which thereafter may be depending in the Court of Appeals, or in the Supreme Court of the United States, by or against the State, or wherein the State may be interested; and he shall give his opinion in writing whenever required by the General Assembly or either branch thereof, the Governor, the Comptroller of the Treasury, or any State’s Attorney, on any legal matter or subject depending before them or either of them; and when required by the Governor or Gen- eral Assembly he shall aid any State’s Attorney in prosecut- ing any suit or action brought by the State in any Court of the State, and he shall commence and prosecute or defend any suit or action in any of said courts, on the part of the State, which the General Assembly or the Governor, acting according to law, shall direct to be commenced, prosecuted or defended, and he shall have and perform such other duties and shall appoint such number of deputies or assistants as the General Assembly may from time to time by law prescribe; and he shall receive for his services an annual salary of three thousand dollars, or such annual salary as the General Assembly may from time to time by law prescribe; but he shall not be entitled to receive any fees, perquisites or rewards whatever in addition to the salary aforesaid for the performance of any official duty; nor shall the Governor employ any additional counsel in any case whatever, unless authorized by the General Assembly.1 Sec. 4. No person shall be eligible to the office of Attor- ney-General who is not a citizen of this State, and a qualified voter therein, and has not resided and practiced law in this State for at least ten years. Sec. 5. In case of vacancy in the office of Attorney- General, occasioned by death, resignation, removal from the State or from office, or other disqualification, the said vacancy shall be filled by the Governor for the residue of the term thus made vacant. Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the Clerk of the Court of Appeals and of the Commissioner of the Land Office, respec- 1 Tims amended by Chapter 663, Acts of 1912. ratified by the people Novem- ber 4, 1913. MARYLAND MANUAL 326 tively, whenever a case shall be brought into said court or office in which the State is a party or has interest, immediately to notify the Attorney-General thereof.

The State’s Attorneys. Sec. 7. There shall be an Attorney for the State in each county and the City of Baltimore, to be styled “The State’s Attorney,” who shall be elected by the voters thereof, respectively, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and on the same day every fourth year thereafter; and shall hold his office for four years from the first Monday in January next ensuing his election, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified, and shall be re-eligible thereto, and be subject to removal therefrom for incompetency, willful neglect of duty, or misdemeanor in office, on conviction in a court of law, or by a vote of two-thirds of the Senate, on the recommendation of the Attorney-General. Sec. 8. All elections for the State’s Attorney shall be certified to and returns made thereof by the clerks of the said counties and city to the judges thereof having criminal jurisdiction, respectively, whose duty it shall be to decide upon the elections and qualifications of the persons returned; and in case of a tie between two or more persons, to designate which of said persons shall qualify as State’s Attorney, and to administer the oath of office to the person elected. ’Sec. 9. The State’s Attorney shall perform such duties and receive such salary as shall be prescribed by law; and if any State’s Attorney shall receive any other fee or reward than such as is or may be allowed by law, he shall, on conviction thereof, be removed from office; provided, that the State’s Attorney for Baltimore City shall have the power to appoint a Deputy and such other Assistants as the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City may authorize or approve and until otherwise provided by the General Assembly, the said State’s Attorney, Deputy and Assistants shall receive the following annual salaries: State’s Attorney, seven thousand five hundred dollars; Deputy State’s Attorney, five thousand dollars; Assistant State’s Attorneys, four thousand dollars each; said salaries, or such salaries as the General Assembly may subsequentlv provide, and such expenses for conducting the office of the State’s Attorney as l Amended by Chapter 490 of the Acts of 1943 at the .November election, 1944. and ratified by the people 326 MARYLAND MANUAL the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City may authorize or approve shall be paid by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore to the extent that the total of them exceeds the fees of his office, or as the General Assembly shall otherwise provide, and the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore shall not be liable for appearance fees to the State’s Attor- ney. Sec. 10. No person shall be eligible to the office of State’s Attorney who has not been admitted to practice law in this State, and who has not resided for at least two years in the county or city in which he may be elected. Sec. 11. In case of a vacancy in the office of State’s Attorney, or of his removal from the county or city in which he shall have been elected, or on his conviction as herein specified, the said vacancy shall be filled by the judge of the county or city, respectively, having criminal jurisdiction, in which said vacancy shall occur, for the residue of the term thus made vacant. Sec. 12. The State’s Attorney in each county, and the City of Baltimore, shall have authority to collect, and give receipt, in the name of the State, for such sums of money as may be collected by him, and forthwith make return of and pay over the same to the proper accounting officer. And the State’s Attorney of each county, and the City of Baltimore, before he shall enter on the discharge of his duties, and from time to time thereafter, shall give such corporate surety bond as may hereafter be prescribed by Act of the General Assembly.1 o ARTICLE VI. TREASURY DEPARTMENT SECTION 1. There shall be a Treasury Department, consisting of a Comptroller chosen by the qualified electors of the State, at each general election at which the Governor is chosen, who shall receive such salary as may be fixed by law; and a Treasurer, to be appointed by the two Houses of the Legislature, at each regular session thereof, in which begins the term of the Governor, on joint ballot, who shall receive an annual salary of two thousand five hundred dollars; and the terms of office of the said Comptroller and Treasurer shall be for four years, and until their succes- i Thus amended by Act of 1945, Ch. 529, and ratified at November election, 1946. MARYLAND MANUAL 327

sors shall qualify; and neither of the said officers shall be allowed, or receive any fees, commissions or perquisites of any kind in addition to his salary for the performance of any duty or services whatsoever. In case of a vacancy in either of the offices by death or otherwise, the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall fill such vacancy by appointment, to continue until another election or a choice by the Legislature, as the case may be, and until the qualification of the successor. The Comp- troller and the Treasurer shall keep their offices at the seat of government, and shall take such oath, and enter into such bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties as are now, or may hereafter be prescribed by law.1 Sec. 2. The Comptroller shall have the general super- intendence of the fiscal affairs of the State; he shall digest and prepare plans for the improvement and management of the revenue, and for the support of the public credit; prepare and report estimates of the revenue and expenditures of the State; superintend and enforce the prompt collection of all taxes and revenue; adjust and settle, on terms prescribed by law, with delinquent collectors and re- ceivers of taxes and State revenue; preserve all public accounts ; and decide on the forms of keeping and stating accounts. He, or such of his deputies as may be authorized to do so by the Legislature, shall grant, under regulations prescribed by Law, all warrants for money to be paid out of the Treasury, in pursuance of appropriations by law, and countersign all checks drawn by the Treasurer upon any bank or banks in which the moneys of the State, may, from time to time, be deposited. He shall prescribe the formalities of the transfer of stock, or other evidence of the State debt, and countersign the same, without which such evidence shall not be valid; he shall make to the Gen- eral Assembly full reports of all his proceedings, and of the state of the Treasury Department within ten days after the commencement of each session and perform such other duties as shall be prescribed by law.2 Sec. 3. The Treasurer shall receive the moneys of the State, and, until otherwise prescribed by law, deposit them, as soon as received, to the credit of the State, in such bank or banks as he may, from time to time, with the approval of the Governor, select (the said bank or banks giving 1 Thus amended by the Act of 1922, Chapter 141, and adopted by the people November, 1922. 2 Thus amended by the Acts of 1929, Chapter 133, and adopted by the people of the State at the November election of 1930. 328 MARYLAND MANUAL security, satisfactory to the Governor, for the safekeeping and forthcoming, when required of said deposits), and he or such of his deputies as may be authorized to do so by the Legislature shall disburse the same for the purposes of the State according to law, upon warrants drawn by the Comptroller, or his duty authorized deputy, and on checks countersigned by the Comptroller, or his duly authorized deputy, and not otherwise. The Treasurer or such of his deputies as may be authorized to do so by the Legisla- ture shall take receipts for all moneys paid from the Treas- ury Department; and receipt for moneys received by him shall be endorsed upon warrants signed by the Comptroller, or such deputy as may be authorized to do so by law, without which warrants, so signed, no acknowledgement of money received into the Treasury shall be valid; and upon warrants issued by the Comptroller, or his duly authorized deputy, the Treasurer shall make arrangements for the payment of the interest of the public debt, and for the purchase thereof, on account of the sinking fund. Every bond, certificate, or other evidence of the debt of the State shall be signed by the Treasurer, and countersigned by the Comptroller; and no new certificate or other evidence intended to replace another shall be issued until the old one shall be delivered to the Treasurer, and authority executed in due form for the transfer of the same filed in his office, and the transfer accordingly made on the books thereof, and the certificate or other evidence cancelled; but the Leg- islature may make provisions for the loss of certificates, or other evidences of the debt; and may prescribe, by law, the manner in which the Treasurer shall receive and keep the moneys of the State.1 Sec. 4. The Treasurer shall render his accounts quarterly to the Comptroller, and shall publish monthly, in such newspapers as the Governor may direct, an abstract thereof, showing the amount of cash on hand, and the place or places of deposit thereof, and on the third day of each regular session of the Legislature he shall submit to the Senate and House of Delegates fair and accurate copies of all accounts by him from time to time, rendered and settled with the Comptroller. He shall at all times submit to the Comptroller the inspection of the money in his hands, and perform all other duties that shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 5. The Comptroller shall qualify and enter on the duties of his office on the third Monday of January next i This amendment was submitted by Chapter 133 of the Acts of 1929 and ratified by the people in November, 1930. MAEYLAND MANUAL 329 succeeding the time of his election, or as soon thereafter as practicable. And the Treasurer shall qualify within one month after his appointment by the Legislature. Sec. 6. Whenever during the recess of the Legislature charges shall be preferred to the Governor against the Comptroller or Treasurer for incompetency, malfeasance in office, wilful neglect of duty, or misappropriation of the funds of the State, it shall be the duty of the Governor forthwith to notify the party so charged and fix a day for a hearing of said charges; and if from the evidence taken, under oath on said hearing before the Governor, the said allegations shall be sustained, it shall be the duty of the Governor to remove said offending officer and appoint another in his place, who shall hold the office for the unexpired term of the officer so removed. o

ARTICLE VII. SUNDRY OFFICES County Commissioners—Surveyor—State Librarian— Commissioner of the Land Office—Wreck Master. Section 1. County Commissioners shall be elected on general ticket of each county by the qualified voters of the several counties of the State, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November, commencing in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-one; their number in each county, their compensation, powers and duties shall be such as now or may be hereafter prescribed by law; they shall be elected at such times, in such numbers and for such periods not exceeding six years, as may be prescribed by law.1 Sec. 2. The qualified voters of each county and of the City of Baltimore shall, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and on the same day in every second year thereafter,2 elect a Surveyor for each county and the City of Baltimore, respectively, whose term of office shall commence on the first Monday of January next ensuing their election, and whose duties and compensation shall be the same as are now or may hereafter be prescribed by law. And any vacancy in the office of Surveyor shall 1 Thus amended by the Act of 1890, Chapter 255, and adopted by the vote of the people ISovember 3, 1891. 2 Modified by Article XVII, Section 1. 330 MARYLAND MANUAL

be filled by the Commissioners of the counties, or by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, respectively, for the residue of the term. SBC. 3. The State Librarian shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Sen- ate, and shall hold his office during the term of the Gover- nor, by whom he shall have been appointed, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. His salary shall be fifteen hundred dollars a year; and he shall perform such duties as are now, or may hereafter be prescribed by law; and no appropriation shall be made by law to pay for any clerk, or assistant to the Librarian. And it shall be the duty of the Legislature, as its first session after the adoption of this Constitution, to pass a law regulating the mode and manner in which the books in the library shall be kept and accounted for by the Librarian, requiring the Librarian to give a bond, in such penalty as the legislature may prescribe, for the proper discharge of his duties. SEC. 4 There shall be a Commissioner of the Land Of- fice, who shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall hold his office during the term of the Governor, by whom he shall have been appointed, and until his successor shall be appointed and qualified. He shall perform such duties as are now required of the Commissioner of the Land Office, or such as may hereafter be prescribed by law, and shall also be the Keeper of the Chancery Records. He shall receive a salary of one thousand five hundred dollars per annum, to be paid out of the Treasury, and shall charge such fees as are now, or may be hereafter fixed by law. He shall make a semi-annual report of all the fees of his office, both as Commissioner of the Land Office, and as Keeper of the Chancery Records, to the Comptroller of the Treasury, and shall pay the same semi-annually into the Treasury. Sec. 5. The Commissioner of the Land Office shall also, without additional compensation, collect, arrange, classify, have charge of, and safely keep all papers, records, relics and other memorials connected with the early history of Maryland, not belonging to any other office. Sec. 6. The qualified voters of Worcester^ county shall on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, and every two years thereafter, elect a Wreck Master for said county, whose duties and compensation shall be the MARYLAND MANUAL 331 same as are now or may be hereafter prescribed by law; the term of office of said Wreck Master shall commence on the first Monday of January next succeeding his election, and a vacancy in said office shall be filled by the County Commissioners of said county for the residue of the term. o ARTICLE VIII. EDUCATION Section 1. The General Assembly, at its first session after the adoption of this Constitution, shall, by law, establish throughout the State a thorough and efficient system of free public schools; and shall provide by taxation or otherwise, for their maintenance. Sec. 2. The system of public schools, as now constituted, shall remain in force until the end of the first Ses- sion of the General Assembly, and shall then expire, except so far as adopted or continued by the General Assembly. Sec. 3. The school fund of the State shall be kept in- violate and appropriated only to the purposes of education. o ARTICLE IX. MILITIA AND MILITARY AFFAIRS Section 1. The General Assembly shall make, from time to time, such provisions for organizing, equipping and disciplining the Militia, as the exigency may require and pass such laws to promote volunteer militia organizations as may afford them effectual encouragement. Sec. 2. There shall be an Adjutant-General appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. He shall hold his office until the appointment and qualification of his successor, or until removed in pursuance of the sentence of a court-martial. He shall perform such duties and receive such compensation or emoluments as are now or may be prescribed by law. He shall discharge the duties of his office at the seat of government, unless absent under orders, on duty; and no other officer of the General Staff of the Militia shall receive salary or pay, except when on service and mustered in with troops. SEC. 3. The existing Militia Law of the State shall expire at the end of the next session of the General Assembly, except as far as it may be re-enacted, subject to the provisions of this Article. 332 MARYLAND MANUAL

ARTICLE X. LABOR AND AGRICULTURE1 Section 1. There shall be a Superintendent of Labor and Agriculture elected by the qualified voters of this State at the first general election for Delegates to the General Assembly, after the adoption of this Constitution, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until the election and qualification of his successor. Sec. 2. His qualifications shall be the same as those prescribed for the Comptroller; he shall qualify and enter upon the duties of his office on the second Monday of January next succeeding the time of his election; and a vacancy in the office shall be filled by the Governor for the residue of the term. Sec. 3. He shall perform such of the duties now de- volved by law upon the Commissioner of Immigration, and the Immigration Agent, as will promote the object for which those officers were appointed, and such other duties as may be assigned to him by the General Assembly, and shall receive a salary of twenty-five hundred dollars a year; and after his election and qualification, the offices before mentioned shall cease. Sec. 4. He shall supervise all the State inspectors of agricultural products and fertilizers, and from time to time shall carefully examine and audit their accounts, and prescribe regulations not inconsistent with law, tending to secure economy and efficiency in the business of their offices. He shall have the supervision of the tobacco warehouses, and all other buildings used for inspection and storage purposes by the State; and may, at the discretion of the Leg- islature, have the supervision of all public buildings now belonging to, or which may hereafter be, erected by the State. He shall frequently inspect such buildings as are committed to his charge, and examine all accounts for labor and materials required for their construction or repairs. Sec. 5. He shall inquire into the undeveloped resources of wealth of the State of Maryland, more especially concerning those within the limits of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, which belong to the State, and suggest such plans as may be calculated to render them available as sources of revenue. i This Article expired by limitation. MARYLAND MANUAL 333

Sec. 6. He shall make detailed reports to every General Assembly within the first week of its session, in reference to each of the subjects committed to his charge, and he shall also report to the Governor, in the recess of the Leg- islature, all abuses or irregularities which he may find to exist in any department of public affairs with which his office is connected. Sec. 7. The office hereby established shall continue for four years from the date of the qualification of the first incumbent thereof, and shall then expire, unless continued by the General Assembly. o ARTICLE XI. CITY OP BALTIMORE1 Section 1. The inhabitants of the City of Baltimore qualified by law to vote in said city for members of the House of Delegates, shall on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and on the same day in every second year thereafter, elect a person to be Mayor of the City of Baltimore, who shall have such qualifications, receive such compensation, discharge such duties, and have such powers as are now, or may hereafter be prescribed by law; and the term of whose office shall commence on the first Monday of November succeeding his election, and shall continue for two years, and until his successor shall have qualified. Sec. 2. The City Council of Baltimore shall consist of two branches, one of which shall be called the First Branch, and the other the Second Branch, and each shall consist of such number of members, having such qualification, receiving such compensation, performing such duties, possessing such powers, holding such terms of office, and elected in such manner, as are now, or may hereafter be prescribed by law. Sec. 3. An election for members of the First Branch of the City Council of Baltimore shall be held in the City of Baltimore on the Tuesday after the first Monday of Novem- ber in every year; and for members of the Second Branch on the Tuesday after the first Monday of Novem- ber, eighteen hundred and eighty-nine, and on the same day

Thus 8 In tn,s Article^ underJ amended the authority by Ch. of 397Article of 1888.11A. See below for change,® made in this 334 MARYLAND MANUAL in every second year thereafter; and the qualification for electors of the members of the City Council shall be the same as those prescribed for the electors of Mayor. Sec. 4. The regular sessions of the City Council of Bal- timore (which shall be annual), shall commence on the third Monday of January of each year, and shall not continue more than ninety days, exclusive of Sundays; but the Mayor may convene the City Council in extra session whenever, and as often as it may appear to him that the public good may require, but no called or extra session shall last longer than twenty days, exclusive of Sundays. Sec. 5. No person elected and qualified as Mayor, or as a member of the City Council, shall, during the term for which he was elected, hold any other office of profit or trust, created, or to be created by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, or by any law relating to the corporation of Baltimore, or hold any employment or position, the compensation of which shall be paid, directly or indirectly, out of the City Treasury; nor shall any such person be interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract to which the City is a party; nor shall it be lawful for any person holding any office under the City, to be interested, while holding such office, in any contract to which the City is a party. Sec 6 The Mayor shall, on conviction in a Court of Law, of wilful neglect of duty, or misbehavior in office, be removed from office by the Governor of the State, and a successor shall thereafter be elected, as in a case of vacancy. SEC. 7. From and after the adoption of this Constitu- tion, no debt (except as hereinafter excepted), shall be created by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, noi shall the credit of the Mayor and City C^ncil of Baltimore be given or loaned to, or in aid of any individual, association, or corporation; nor shall the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore have the power to involve the City of Balti- more in the construction of works of internal improvement nor in granting any aid thereto, which shall involve the faith and credit of the city, nor make any appropriation therefor, unless such debt or credit be authorized by an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland, and by an ordinance of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, submitted to the legal voters of the City of Baltimore, at such time and place as may be fixed by said ordinance, and approved by a majority of the votes cast at such time ana place; such ordinance shall provide for the discharge of MARYLAND MANUAL 335

any such debt or credit within the period of forty (40) years from the time of contracting the same; but the Mayor and City Council may, temporarily, borrow any amount of money to meet any deficiency in the City Treasury, and may borrow any amount at any time to provide for any emergency arising from the necessity of maintaining the police, or preserving the health, safety and sanitary condition of the city, and may make due and proper arrangements and agreements for the renewal and extension, in whole or in part, of any and all debts and obligations created according to law before the adoption of this Consti- tution.1 Sec. 8. All Laws and Ordinances now in force applicable to the City of Baltimore, not inconsistent with this Article, shall be, and they are hereby continued until changed in due course of law. Sec. 9. The General Assembly may make such changes in this Article, except in Section 7 thereof, as it may deem best; and this Article shall not be so construed or taken as to make the political corporation of Baltimore independent of, or free from the control which the General Assem- bly of Maryland has over all such Corporations in this State. o

CHANGES MADE IN THIS ARTICLE BY THE CHAR- TER OF BALTIMORE CITY AND AMEND- MENTS THERETO. In pursuance of the power conferred by Article XI-A of the Constitution, the voters at the election in Novem- ber, 1946, have changed the following provisions: 7. Mayor—Election. The voters shall elect by ballot, on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in May, 1947, and on the same day and month in every fourth year thereafter, a person of known integrity, experience and sound judgment, over twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and ten years a resident of said city next preceding the election, to be Mayor of the City. 9. Mayor—Term, etc. The term of Mayor shall commence on the Tuesday next after the third Monday of May succeeding his election, and continue for four years, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified, and he i Thus amended by Act of 1933, Chapter 456, ratified by the people Novem- ber, 1934. 336 MARYLAND MANUAL

shall be paid an annual salary of $15,000.00 He may appoint such persons to aid him in the discharge of his duties as may be prescribed by ordinance.1 In pursuance of the power conferred by Article XI-A of the Constitution and by Chapter 555, Acts of 1920, the voters of Baltimore City adopted the following amendment to the City Charter at the November election, 1946: CITY COUNCIL 15. City Council—Qualification of Members. The Legis- lative Department of the City shall be the City Council, which shall consist of a single chamber and shall have the number of members determined as provided in Section 16 and one additional member who shall be the President thereof and who shall possess the qualifications and be elected as provided in Section 17. The members of the City Council, except the president thereof, shall be citizens of the United States above the age of twenty-one years, shall be voters and shall have been residents of Baltimore City for at least two years prior to their election. Each member of the City Council shall be paid an annual salary of $4,000.00, except the vice-president thereof whose annual salary shall be $4,500.00. 16. City Council—Number and Election of Members. The voters shall elect the members of the City Council on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in May in the year 1947 and every fourth year thereafter. Their term of office shall be four years. Said election shall be held by Council- manic Districts and no person shall be entitled to vote for any member of the City Council except for the members for the District in which the voter is duly registered. The number of members to be elected from each district shall be determined as follows: three members for each District in which there were not more than 75,000 voters at the close of office hours of the Board of Supervisors of Elections of Baltimore City on the first Monday in December prior to the election; four members for each District having more than 75,000 such voters. The determination of the number of registered voters in each District, shall be made by the Board of Supervisors of Election of Baltimore City and an appropriate certificate with respect thereto shall be filed by said Board with the Mayor and with the President of the City Council not later than the Friday following the first Monday in December J Reference is to the 1946 edition of the Charter. MARYLAND MANUAL 337 prior to the date on which members of the City Council are to be elected. 17. City Council—President. The voters shall elect on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in May, 1947, and every fourth year thereafter, from Baltimore City at large, a person to be the President of the City Council who shall possess the qualifications required for the Mayor of the City. It shall be his duty to preside over the City Council and vote on all questions and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by ordinance not inconsistent with the Charter. He shall be paid an annual salary of $6,500.00. The City Council, by a two-thirds vote of its members, may remove the President of the City Council from office for incompetency, willful neglect of duty or misdemeanor in office upon charges preferred by the Mayor, and after notice of such charges is given to the President of the City Coun- cil and an opportunity afforded him to be heard. 18. City Council—Vacancy in Presidency. In case it becomes necessary for the President of the City Council to fill the unexpired term of the Mayor, or in case of the death, resignation, removal or other disqualification of the Presi- dent, the City Council shall thereupon elect a new President for the unexpired term, but it shall not elect as such Presi- dent any person who, at the time of such election, is a member of the City Council. 19. City Council—Electors. The qualifications of electors of members of the City Council shall be the same as those of electors of the Mayor. All vacancies in the City Council shall be filled without delay by the City Council from the Councilmanic District in which the vacancy occurs by the election of a person possessing the qualifications prescribed in Section 15 to fill the unexpired term of the former incumbent. 20. City Council—Councilmanic Districts. The Council- manic Districts as described and laid out in the book deposited with the Clerk of the Superior Court of Baltimore City January 22, 1923, and recorded in Liber S. C. L. No. 3959, folio 1, shall be and hereafter remain the several Councilmanic Districts of Baltimore City until changed by law or pursuant to the provisions of Section 16. 21. City Council—Sessions. The City Council shall meet annually on the Thursday next after the third Monday in May and may continue in session for such period as may be deemed necessary by it. The Mayor may convene the 338 MARYLAND MANUAL

City Council in special session from time to time as, in his opinion, the public business demands. The President also may call the City Council to meet in special session whenever in his opinion such action is desirable, and shall call it into special session upon the written request of two-thirds of its members. Any ordinance or resolution passed by the City Council while in special session shall be presented to the Mayor as provided in Section 11 and if not approved or returned by the Mayor to the City Council within five actual special meetings after it has been delivered to him, the same shall become an ordinance or resolution of the City in the same manner as if the Mayor had approved it. o

ARTICLE XI-A.1 LOCAL LEGISLATION Section 1. On demand of the Mayor of Baltimore and City Council of the City of Baltimore, or on petition bearing the signatures of not less than 20 per cent of the registered voters of said city or any county (provided, however, that in any case 10,000 signatures shall be sufficient to complete a petition), the Board of Election Supervisors of said city or county shall provide at the next general or Congressional election, occurring after such demand or the filing of such petition, for the election of a charter board of eleven registered voters of said city or five registered voters in any such counties. Nominations for members for said charter board may be made not less than forty days prior to said election by the Mayor of Baltimore and City Coun- cil of the City of Baltimore or the County Commissioners of such county, or not less than twenty days prior to said election by petition bearing the signatures written in their own handwriting (and not by their mark) of not less than 5 per cent of the registered voters of the said City of Bal- timore or said county; provided, that in any case two thousand signatures of registered voters shall be sufficient to complete any such nominating petition, and if not more than eleven registered voters of the City of Baltimore or not more than five registered voters in any such county are so nominated their names shall not be printed on the ballot, but said eleven registered voters in the City of Bal- timore or five in such county shall constitute said charter board from and after the date of said election. At said 1 Added by Chapter 416, 1914, ratified November 2, 1915. MARYLAND MANUAL 339 election the ballot shall contain the names of said nominees in alphabetical order without any indication of the source of their nomination, and shall also be so arranged as to permit the voter to vote for or against the creation of said charter board, but the vote cast against said creation shall not be held to bar the voter from expressing his choice among the nominees for said board, and if the majority of the votes cast for and against the creation of said charter board shall be against said creation the election of the members of said charter board shall be void; but if such majority shall be in favor of the creation of said charter board, then and in that event the eleven nominees of the City of Baltimore or five nominees in the county receiving the largest number of votes shall constitute the charter board, and said charter board, or a majority thereof, shall prepare within six months from the date of said election a charter or form of government for said city or such county and present the same to the Mayor of Baltimore or President of the Board of County Commissioners of such county, who shall publish the same in at least two newspapers of general circulation published in said the City of Baltimore or county within thirty days after it shall be reported to him. Such charter shall be submitted to the voters of said city or county at the next general or Congressional election after the report of said charter to said Mayor of Baltimore or President of the Board of County Commissioners; and if a majority of the votes cast for and against the adoption of said charter shall be in favor of such adoption, the said charter from and after the thirtieth day from the date of such election shall become the law of said city or county, subject only to the Consti- tution and Public General Laws of this State, and any Public Local Laws inconsistent with the provisions of said charter and any former charter of said the City of Balti- more or county shall be thereby repealed.

Sec. 2. The General Assembly at its first session after the adoption of this amendment shall by Public General Law provide a grant of express powers for such county or counties as may thereafter form a charter under the provisions of this Article. Such express powers granted to the counties and the powers heretofore granted to the City of Baltimore, as set forth in Article 4, Section 6, Public Local Laws of Maryland, shall not be enlarged or extended by any charter formed under the provisions of this Article, but such powers may be extended, modified, amended or repealed by the General Assembly. 340 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 3. Every charter so formed shall provide for an elective legislative body in which shall be vested the law- making power of said city or county. Such legislative body in the City of Baltimore shall be known as the City Council of the City of Baltimore, and in any county shall be known as the County Council of the county. The chief executive officer, if any such charter shall provide for the election of such executive officer, or the presiding officer of said legislative body, if such charter shall not provide for the election of a chief executive officer, shall be known in the City of Baltimore as Mayor of Baltimore, and in the county as the President of the County Council of the county, and all references in the Constitution and laws of this State to the Mayor of Baltimore and City Council of the City of Balti- more or to the county commissioners of the counties, shall be construed to refer to the Mayor of Baltimore and City Council of the City of Baltimore and to the President and County Council herein provided for whenever such construction would be reasonable. From and after the adoption of a charter by the City of Baltimore, or any county of this State, as hereinbefore provided, the Mayor of Baltimore and City Council of the City of Balti- more or the County Council of said county, subject to the Constitution and Public General Laws of this State, shall have full power to enact local laws of said city or county including the power to repeal or amend Local Laws of said city or county enacted by the General Assembly, upon all matters covered by the express powers granted as above provided; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize or empower the County Council of any county in this State to enact laws or regulations for any incorporated town, village, or municipality in said county, on any matter covered by the powers granted to said town, village, or municipality by the Act incorporating it, or any subsequent Act or Acts amendatory thereto. Pro- vided, however, that the charters for the various counties shall provide that the County Council of the counties shall not sit more than one month in each year for the purpose of enacting legislation for such counties, and all legislation shall be enacted during the month so designated for that purpose in the charter, and all laws and ordinances so enacted shall be published once a week for three successive weeks in at least one newspaper published in such counties, so that the taxpayers and citizens may have notice thereof. This provision shall not apply to Baltimore City. All such local laws enacted by the Mayor of Baltimore and City Council of the City of Baltimore or the Council of the MARYLAND MANUAL 341

Counties as hereinbefore provided, shall be subject to the same rules of interpretation as those now applicable to the Public Local Laws of this State, except that in case of any conflict between said Local Law and any Public General Law now or hereafter enacted the Public General Law shall control. Sec. 4. From and after the adoption of a charter under the provisions of this Article by the City of Baltimore or any county of this State, no Public Local Law shall be enacted by the General Assembly for said city or county on any subject covered by express powers granted as above provided. Any law so drawn as to apply to two or more of the geographical sub-divisions of this State shall not be deemed a Local Law, within the meaning of this Act. The term “geographical sub-division” herein used shall be taken to mean the City of Baltimore or any of the counties of this S-tate. Sec. 5. Amendments to any charter adopted by the City of Baltimore or by any county of this State under the provisions of this Article may be proposed by a resolution of the Mayor of Baltimore and the City Council of said the City of Baltimore, or the Council of said county, or by a petition signed by not less than 20 per cent of the registered voters of said city or county, provided, however, that in any case 10,000 signatures shall be sufficient to complete a petition, and filed with the Mayor of Baltimore or the President of the County Council, and when so proposed shall be submitted to the voters of said city or county at the next general or Congressional election occurring after the passage of said resolution, or the filing of said petition; and if at said election the majority of the votes cast for and against said amendments shall be in favor thereof, said amendment shall be adopted and become a part of the charter of said city or county from and after the thirtieth day after said election. Said amendments shall be published by said Mayor of Baltimore or President of the County Council once a week for five successive weeks prior to said election in at least one newspaper published in said city or county. Sec. 6. The power heretofore conferred upon the Gen- eral Assembly to prescribe the number, compensation, powers and duties of the County Commissioners in each county, and the power to make changes in Sections 1 to 6, inclusive. Article XI of this Constitution, when expressly granted as hereinbefore provided, are hereby transferred to the voters 342 MARYLAND MANUAL of eaclh county and the voters of the City of Baltimore, respectively, provided that said powers so transferred shall be exercised only by the adoption or amendment of a charter as hereinbefore provided; and provided further that this Article shall not be construed to authorize the exercise of any powers in excess of those conferred by the Legisla- ture upon said counties or city as this Article sets forth. Sec. 7. The word “Petition,” as used in this Article, means one or more sheets written or printed or partly written and partly printed; “Signature” means the signature of a registered voter written by himself in his own handwriting (and not by his mark), together with the ward or district and precinct in which he is registered. The authen- ticity of such signatures and the fact that the persons so signing are registered voters shall be evidenced by the affidavit of one or more registered voters of the city or county in which said voters so signing are registered, and one affidavit may apply to or cover any number of signatures to such petition. The false signing of any name, or the signing of any fictitious name to said petition shall be forgery, and the making of any false affidavit in connection with said petition shall be perjury. o ARTICLE XI-B. BALTIMORE REDEVELOPMENT COMMISSION Section 1. The General Assembly of Maryland, by public local law, may authorize the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore to create a Baltimore Redevelopment Commis- sion. Any public local law authorizing the creation of the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall contain the following provisions: (a) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall come into being only when the City Council of Baltimore shall pass a resolution that there is need for the establishment of such a Commission in the City of Baltimore. When the City Council of Baltimore adopts such a resolution, it shall promptly notify the Mayor of Baltimore City of such adoption. Upon receiving such notice and approving said resolution, the Mayor shall appoint five persons (or such additional number of persons as the General Assembly may provide in said public local law), as Commissioners of the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission. The Commissioners iThus amended Tiy Chapter 649, of the Acts of 1943, and ratified by the people in November, 1944. MARYLAND MANUAL 343 shall serve for such term and shall receive such compensation as the General Assembly may provide in said public local law. (b) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission, when created, shall have power and authority to acquire land in slums and blighted areas in Baltimore City by purchase, lease or condemnation, and to reconvey any sudh land by sale or lease for redevelopment, in accordance with a redevelopment plan for Baltimore City, provided that such redevelopment plan has first been approved by the Commis- sion on City Plan of Baltimore City; and provided further that no such slum or blighted area to be acquired shall be less than eight acres or more than eighty acres. The term “slum” shall mean any area where dwellings predominate, whidh by reason of depreciation, overcrowding, faulty ar- rangement or design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitary facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detri- mental to the public safety, health or morals. The term “blighted area” shall mean an area in which a majority of the buildings have declined in productivity by reason of obsolescence, depreciation or other causes to an extent they no longer justify fundamental repairs and adequate maintenance. (c) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall have authority to use the power of eminent domain to acquire any land needed for any redevelopment project within the corporate limits of the City of Baltimore. Property already devoted to a public use may be acquired by the Balti- more Redevelopment Commission; provided, however, that no real property belonging to the State of Maryland or the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore or of the Baltimore Housing Authority may be acquired without the consent of said State or of said City or of said Baltimore Housing Authority, as the case may be. No property taken by the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission, by exercise of the Power of eminent domain, shall be taken without just compensation, as agreed upon between the parties, or awarded by a Jury.1 (d) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall have power to petition the United States of America for loans of money and to receive from the United States of America such loans to be used in the acquisition of land in slums and blighted areas for redevelopment and for use in the preparation of any redevelopment plan. i Thus amended by Act of 1945, Chapter 659, and ratified at November election, 1946. 344 MARYLAND MANUAL

(e) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall have power to reconvey any land acquired by it, either by purchase, lease or condemnation to any private corporations, companies, partnerships, or persons, for redevelopment and rebuilding, at a price consistent with the new uses which the Commission on City Plan shall prescribe for such land, even though such price may be below the original cost of acquisition. The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall have power to include in the terms of sale or leases of land to private corporations, companies, partnerships, or persons, provisions obligating the purchasers or lessees of such land to begin the building of improvements within a reasonable period of time; and to include in such contracts, appropriate covenants and restrictions to maintain standards of population density, property maintenance, character of the use of the land, and architectural standards established in the redevelopment plan and approved by the Commission on City Plan of Baltimore City. (f) The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission shall have no power to pledge the credit of, or in any way bind the Mayor1 City Council of Baltimore, and the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore shall not be liable in any way or manner whatsoever, for any of the obligations, contracts, or undertakings of the Baltimore Redevelopment Commis- sion. Sec. 2. The General Assembly of Maryland may grant the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission, any and all additional powers necessary and proper to carry into effect the above mentioned powers and purposes of said Commis- sion, provided such additional powers are not inconsistent with the terms and provisions of this Article XI-B; and with any other provisions of the Constitution of Maryland. The General Assembly may add such other and further limitations upon the powers and the exercise of such powers of the Baltimore Redevelopment Commission as it may deem proper and expedient.

CITY OF BALTIMORE—LAND DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT [Section 1. The General Assembly of Maryland, by public local law, may authorize and empower the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore: (a) To acquire, within the boundary lines of Baltimore City, land and property of every kind, and any right, in- MARYLAND MANUAL 345 terest, franchise, easement or privilege therein, by purchase, lease, gift, condemnation or any other legal means, for development or redevelopment, including, but not limited to, the comprehensive renovation or rehabilitation thereof; and (b) To sell, lease, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of said land or property, regardless of whether or not it has been developed, redeveloped, altered or improved and irrespective of the manner or means in or by which it may have been acquired, to any private, public or quasi public corporation, partnership, association, person or other legal entity. No land or property taken by the Mayor and City Coun- cil of Baltimore for any of the aforementioned purposes or in connection with the exercise of any of the powers which may be granted to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore pursuant to this Article by exercising the power of eminent domain, shall be taken without just compensation, as agreed upon between the parties, or awarded by a jury, being first paid or tendered to the party entitled to such compensation. All land or property needed, or taken by the exercise of the power of eminent domain, by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore for any of the aforementioned purposes or in connection with the exercise of any of the powers which may be granted to the Mayor and City Coun- cil of Baltimore pursuant to this Article is hereby declared to be needed or taken for a public use.

Sec. 2. The General Assembly of Maryland may grant to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore any and all additional power and authority necessary or proper to carry into full force and effect any and all of the specific powers which the General Assembly is authorized to grant to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore pursuant to this Article and to fully accomplish any and all of the purposes and objects contemplated by the provisions of this Article, provided such additional power or authority is not inconsistent with the terms and provisions of this Article or with any other provision or provisions of the Constitution of Maryland. The General Assembly may place such other and further restrictions or limitations on the exercise of any of the powers which it may grant to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore under the provisions of this Article as it may deem proper and expedient. 346 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 3. The Baltimore Redevelopment Commission may continue in existence and shall have and may continue to exercise any of the power and authority which is now or hereafter may be vested in the Commission by law, until such time as such power and authority of the Commission is validly repealed by an Act of the General Assembly of Maryland or by an ordinance or resolution of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore and a new agency of the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore is created to carry out the object and purposes for which the Baltimore Re- development Commission was originally created; and nothing contained in this Article shall be taken or construed to the contrary.]1 o [ARTICLE XI-C. OFF-STREET PARKING Section 1. The General Assembly of Maryland, by public local law, may authorize the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore: (a) Within the City of Baltimore to acquire land and property of every kind, and any right, interest, franchise, easement or privilege therein, by purchase, lease, gift, condemnation or any other legal means, for storing, parking and servicing self-propelled vehicles, provided, that no petroleum products shall be sold or offered for sale at any entrance to or exit from, any land so acquired or at any entrance to, or exit from, any structure erected thereon, when any entrance to, or exit from, any such land or structure faces on a street or highway which is more than 25 feet wide from curb to curb; and (b) To sell, lease, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of said land or property, regardless of whether or not it has been developed, redeveloped, altered, or improved and irrespective of the manner or means in or by which it may have been acquired, to any private, public or quasi public corporation, partnership, association, person or other legal entity. No land or property taken by the Mayor and City Coun- cil of Baltimore for any of the aforementioned purposes or in connection with the exercise of any of the powers which may be granted to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore pursuant to this Article by exercising the power 1 This revision of Article 11-B was proposed by Ch. 162 of 1947, to be voted on in November, 1948. MARYLAND MANUAL 347 of eminent domain, shall be taken without just compensation, as agreed upon between the parties, or awarded by a jury, being first paid or tendered to the party entitled to such compensation. All land or property needed, or taken by the exercise of the power of eminent domain, by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore for any of the aforementioned purposes or in connection with the exercise of any of the powers which may be granted to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore pursuant to this Article is hereby declared to be needed or taken for a public use.]1 o ARTICLE XII. PUBLIC WORKS Section 1. The Governor, the Comptroller of the Treasury and the Treasurer, shall constitute the Board of Public Works in this State. They shall keep a journal of their proceedings, and shall hold regular sessions in the City of Annapolis on the first Wednesday in January, April, July and October in each year, and oftener if necessary; at which sessions they shall hear and determine such matters as affect the public works of the State, and as the Gen- eral Assembly may confer upon them the power to decide. Sec. 2. They shall exercise a diligent and faithful supervision of all public works in which the State may be interested as stockholder or creditor, and shall represent and vote the stock of the State of Maryland in all meetings of the stockholders of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal; and shall appoint the directors in every railroad and canal company in which the State has the legal power to appoint directors, which said directors shall represent the State in all meetings of the stockholders of the respective companies for which they are appointed or elected. And the president and directors of the said Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company shall so regulate the tolls of said company from time to time as to produce the largest amount of revenue, and to avoid the injurious effect to said company of rival competition by other internal improvement companies. They shall require the directors of all said public works to guard the public interest and prevent the establishment of tolls which shall discriminate against the interest of the citizens or products of this State and from time to l Article 11-C was proposed by Ch. 505 of 1947, to be voted upon in Novem- ber, 1948. 348 MAKYLAND MANUAL time, and as often as there shall be any change in the rates of toll on any of the said works, to furnish the said Board of Public Works a schedule of such modified rates of toll, and so adjust them as to promote the agricultural interests of the State; they shall report to the General Assembly at each regular session, and recommend such legislation as they may deem necessary and requisite to promote or protect the interests of the State in the said public works; they shall perform such other duties as may be hereafter prescribed by law, and a majority of them shall be competent to act. The Governor, Comptroller and Treasurer shall receive no additional salary for services rendered by them as members of the Board of Public Works. The provisions of the Act of the General Assembly of Maryland of the year 1867, Chapter 359, are hereby declared null and void. Sec. 3. The Board of Public Works is hereby authorized, subject to such regulations and conditions as the Gen- eral Assembly may from time to time prescribe, to sell the State’s interest in all works of internal improvement, whether as a stockholder or a creditor, and also the State’s interest in any banking corporation, receiving in payment the bonds and registered debt now owing by the State, equal in amount to the price obtained for the State’s said interest.1 o ARTICLE XIII. NEW COUNTIES Section 1. The General Assembly may provide, by law, for organizing new counties, locating and removing county seats, and changing county lines; but no new county shall be organized without the consent of the majority of the legal voters residing within the limits proposed to be formed into said new county; and v/henever a new county shall be proposed to be formed out of portions of two or more counties, the consent of a majority of the legal voters of such part of each of said counties, respectively, shall be required; nor shall the lines of any county be changed without the consent of a majority of the legal voters residing within the district, which, under said proposed change, would form a part of a county different from that to which it belonged prior to said change, and no new county shall contain less i Thus amended by Act of 1890. Chapter 362, and ratified by the people November 3, 1891. MARYLAND MANUAL 349

than four hundred square miles, nor less than ten thousand white inhabitants; nor shall any change be made in the limits of any county, whereby the population of said county would be reduced to less than ten thousand white inhabitants, or its territory reduced to less than four hundred square miles. [Section 1. The General Assembly may provide, by Law, for organizing new Counties, locating and removing county seats, and changing county lines; but no new county shall be organized without the consent of the majority of the legal voters residing within the limits proposed to be formed into said new county; and whenever a new county shall be proposed to be formed out of portions of two or more counties, the consent of a majority of the legal voters of such part of each of said counties, respectively, shall be required; nor shall the lines of any county nor of Balti- more City be changed without the consent of a majority of the legal voters residing within the district, which under said proposed change, would form a paid of a county or of Baltimore City different from that to which it belonged prior to said change: and no new county shall contain less than four hundred square miles, nor less than ten thousand white inhabitants; nor shall any change be made in the limits of any county, whereby the population of said county would be reduced to less than ten thousand white inhabitants, or its territory reduced to less than four hundred square miles.]1 Sec. 2. At the election to be held for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, in each election district, in those parts of Worcester and Somerset counties, comprised wdthin the following limits, viz.: Beginning at the point where Mason and Dixon’s line crosses the channel of Poco- moke river, thence following said line to the channel of the Nanticoke river; thence with the channel of said river to Tangier Sound, or the intersection of Nanticoke and Wicom- ico rivers; thence up the channel of the Wicomico river to the mouth of Wicomico creek; thence with the channel of said creek and Passerdyke creek to Dashield’s or Disharoon’s Mills; thence with the mill pond of said mills and branch following the middle prong of said branch, to Meadow Bridge, on the road dividing the counties of Somerset and Worcester, near the southwestern corner of farm of William P._ Morris; thence due east to the Pocomoke river; thence with the channel of said river to the beginning; the Judges 1 1947, Th*®to be amendmentvoted upon toin Sec.November, 1 of Article1948. 13 was proposed by Chu 618 of 350 MARYLAND MANUAL of Election, in eadh of said districts, shall receive the ballots of each elector, voting at said election, who has resided for six months preceding said election within said limits, for or against a new county; and the return judges of said election districts shall certify the result of such voting, in the manner now prescribed by law, to the Governor, who_ shall by proclamation make known the same, and if a majority of the legal votes cast within that part of Worcester county, contained within said lines, and also a majority of the legal votes cast within that part of Somerset county, contained within said lines, shall be in favor of a new county, then said parts of Worcester and Somerset counties shall become and constitute a new county, to be called Wicomico county, and Salisbury shall be the county seat. And the inhabitants thereof shall thenceforth have and enjoy all such rights and privileges as are held and enjoyed by the inhabitants of the other counties of this State. Sec. 3. When said new county shall have been so created, the inhabitants thereof shall cease to have any claim to, or interest in, the county buildings and other public property of every description belonging to said counties of Somerset and Worcester, respectively, and shall be liable for their proportionate shares of the then existing debts and obligations of the said counties according to the last assessment in said counties, to be ascertained and apportioned by the Circuit Court of Somerset county, as to the debts and obligations of said county, and by the Circuit Court of Worcester county as to the debts and obligations of Worces- ter county, on the petition of the County Commissioners of the said counties, respectively; and the property in each part of the said counties included in said new county shall be bound only for the share of the debts and obligations of the county from whidh it shall be separated; and the inhabitants of said new county shall also pay the county taxes levied upon them at the time of the creation of such new county, as if such new county had not been created; and on the application of twelve citizens of the proposed county of Wicomico, the Surveyor of Worcester county shall run and locate the line from Meadow Bridge to the Poco- moke river, previous to the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, and at the expense of said petitioners. Sec. 4. At the first general election held under this Con- stitution the qualified voters of said new county shall be entitled to elect a Senator and two Delegates to the General Assembly, and all such county or other officers as this Con- stitution may authorize, or require to be elected by other MARYLAND MANUAL 351 counties of the State; a notice of such election shall be given by the Sheriffs of Worcester and Somerset counties in the manner now prescribed by law; and in case said new county shall be established, as aforesaid, then the counties of Somerset and Worcester shall be entitled to elect but two Delegates each to the General Assembly. Sec. 5. The county of Wicomico, if formed according to the provisions of this Constitution, shall be embraced in the First Judicial Circuit, and the times for holding the courts therein shall be fixed and determined by the General As- sembly. Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall pass all such laws as may be necessary more fully to carry into effect the provisions of this Article. o ARTICLE XIV. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION "Section 1. The General Assembly may propose amendments to this Constitution; provided, that each amendment shall be embraced in a separate bill, embody- ing the Article or Section, as the same will stand when amended and passed by three-fifths of all the members elected to each of the two Houses by yeas and nays, to be entered on the journals with the proposed amendment. The bill or bills proposing amendment or amendments shall be published by order of the Governor, in at least two newspapers, in each county where so many may be published, and where not more than one may be published, then in that newspaper, and in three newspapers published in the City of Baltimore, once a week for four weeks immediately preceding the next ensuing general election, at which the proposed amendment or amendments shall be submitted, in a form to be prescribed by the General Assembly, to the qualified voters of the State for adoption or rejection. The votes cast for and against said proposed amendment or amendments, severally, shall be returned to the Governor, in the manner prescribed in other cases, and if it shall appear to the Governor that a majority of the votes cast at said election on said amendment or amendments, severally, were cast in favor thereof, the Governor shall, by his proclamation, declare the said amendment or amendments 1 Thus amended by the Acts of 1943, Chapter 476, and adopted by the people of the State at the November election of 1944. 352 MARYLAND MANUAL having received said majority votes, to have been adopted by the people of Maryland as part of the Constitution thereof, and thenceforth said amendment or amendments shall be part of the said Constitution. When two or more amendments shall be submitted in manner aforesaid, to the voters of this State at the same election, they shall be so submitted as that each amendment shall be voted on separately. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to provide by law for taking, at the general election to be held in the year eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, and every twenty years thereafter, the sense of the people in regard to calling a convention for altering this Constitution; and if a majority of voters at such election or elections shall vote for a convention, the General Assembly, at its next session, shall provide by law for the assembling of such convention, and for the election of Delegates thereto. Each county and Legislative District of the City of Baltimore shall have in such convention a number of Delegates equal to its representation in both Houses at the time at which the convention is called. But any Constitution, or change, or amendment of the existing Constitution, which may be adopted by such convention, shall be submitted to the voters of this State, and shall have no effect unless the same shall have been adopted by a majority of the voters voting thereon. o

ARTICLE XV. MISCELLANEOUS Section 1. Every person holding any office created by, or existing under the Constitution or laws of the State (except Justices of the Peace, Constables and Coroners), or holding any appointment under any court of this State, whose pay or compensation is derived from fees or moneys coming into his hands for the discharge of his official duties, or in any way growing out of or connected with his office, shall keep a book in which shall be entered every sum or sums of money received by him, or on his account, as payment or compensation for his performance of official duties, a copy of which entries in said book, verified by the oath of the officer by whom it is directed to be kept, shall be returned yearly to the Comptroller of the State for his inspection, and that of the General Assembly of the State, to which the Comptroller shall, at each regular session MARYLAND MANUAL 353

thereof, make a report showing what officers have complied with this section; and each of the said officers, when the amount received by him for the year shall exceed the sum which he is by lawr entitled to retain as his salary or compensation for the discharge of his duties, and for the expenses of his office, shall yearly pay over to the Treasurer of the State, the amount of such excess, subject to such disposition thereof as the General Assembly may direct; if any of such officers shall fail to comply with the requisi- tions of this section for the period of thirty days after the expiration of each and every year of his office, such officer shall be deemed to have vacated his office, and the Gover- nor shall declare the same vacant, and the vacancy therein shall be filled as in case of vacancy for any other cause, and such officer shall be subject to suit by the State for the amount that ought to be paid into the Treasury; and no person holding any office created by or existing under this Constitution or laws of the State, or holding any appointment under any court in this State, shall receive more than three thousand dollars a year as a compensation for the discharge of his official duties, except in cases specially provided in this Constitution. Sec. 2. The several courts existing in this State at the time of the adoption of the Constitution shall, until superseded under its provisions, continue with like powers and jurisdiction, and in the exercise thereof, both at law and in equity, in all respects, as if this Constitution had not been adopted; and when said courts shall be so superseded, all causes then depending in said courts shall pass into the jurisdiction of the several courts, by which they may be respectively superseded. Sec. 3. The Governor and all officers, civil and military, now holding office under this State, whether by election or appointment, shall continue to hold, exercise and discharge the duties of their offices (unless inconsistent with or otherwise provided in this Constitution), until they shall be superseded under its provisions, and until their successors shall be duly qualified. Sec. 4. If at any election directed by this Constitution, any two or more candidates shall have the highest and an equal number of votes, a new election shall be ordered by the Governor, except in cases specially provided for by this Constitution. Sec. 5. In the trial of all criminal cases, the jury shall be the judges of law, as well as of fact. S54 MARYLAND MANUAL

Sec. 6. The right of trial by jury of all issues of fact m civil proceedings in the several courts of law in this State, where the amount in controversy exceeds the sum of five dollars, shall be inviolably preserved. Sec. 7. All general elections in this State shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November in the year in which they shall occur; and the first election of all officers, who, under this Constitution, are required to be elected by the people, shall, except in cases herein specially provided for, be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. Sec. 8. The Sheriffs of the several counties of this State and of the City of Baltimore shall give notice of the several elections authorized by this Constitution, in the manner prescribed by existing laws for elections to be held in this State, until said laws shall be changed. Sec. 9. The term of office of all judges and other officers, for whose election provision is made by this Constitu- tion, shall, except in cases otherwise expressly provided herein, commence from the time of their election; and all such officers shall qualify as soon after their election as practicable, and shall enter upon the duties of their respective offices immediately upon their qualification; and the term of office of the State Librarian and of Commissioner of the Land Office shall commence from the time of their appointment. Sec. 10. Any officer elected or appointed in pursuance of the provisions of this Constitution, may qualify, either according to the existing provisions of law, in relation to officers under the present Constitution, or before the Gov- ernor of the State, or before any clerk of any court of record in any part of the State; but in case an officer shall qualify out of the county in which he resides, an official copy of his oath shall be filed and recorded in the clerk’s office of the Circuit Court of the county in which he may reside, or in the clerk’s office of the Superior Court of the City of Bal- timore, if he Shall reside therein. All words or phrases, used in creating public offices and positions under the Constitu- tion and laws of this State, which denote the masculine gender shall be construed to include the feminine gender, unless the contrary intention is specifically expressed.1 i Thus amended by the Act of 1922, Chapter 275, and adopted by the people November, 1922. MARYLAND MANUAL 355 [Sec. 11. No person who is a member of an organization that advocates the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of the State of Maryland through force or violence shall be eligible to hold any office, be it elective or appointive, or any other position of profit or trust in the Government of or in the administration of the business of this State or of any county, municipality or other political subdivision of this State.]1 0

ARTICLE XVI.2 THE REFERENDUM Section 1. (a) The people reserve to themselves power known as The Referendum, by petition to have submitted to the registered voters of the State, to approve or reject at the polls, any Act, or part of any Act of the Gen- eral Assembly, if approved by the Governor, or, if passed by the General Assembly over the veto of the Governor; (b) The provisions of this Article shall be self-execut- ing; provided that additional legislation in furtherance thereof and not in conflict therewith may be enacted. Sec. 2. No law enacted by the General Assembly shall take effect until the first day of June next after the session at which it may be passed, unless it contain a section de- claring such law an emergency law and necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health or safety, and passed upon a yea and nay vote supported by three-fifths of all the members elected to each of the two Houses of the General Assembly; provided, however, that said period of suspension may be extended as provided in Section 3 (b) hereof. If before said first day of June there shall have been filed with the Secretary of the State a petition to refer to a vote of the people any law or part of a law capable of referendum, as in this Article provided, the same shall be referred by the Secretary of State to such vote, and shall not become a law or take effect until thirty days after its approval by a majority of the electors voting thereon at the next ensuing election held throughout the State for Members of the House of Representatives of the United States. An emergency law shall remain in force notwithstanding such petition, but shall stand repealed thirty days after having been rejected by a majority of 1 This section was proposed to be added to the Constitution by Ch. 721 of 1947, to be voted upon in November, 1948. 2 Added by Chapter 673, 1914, ratified November 2, 1915. 356 MARYLAND MANUAL

the qualified electors voting thereon; provided, however, that no measure creating or abolishing any office, or changing the salary, term or duty of any officer, or granting any franchise or special privilege, or creating any vested right or interest, shall be enacted as an emergency law. No law making any appropriation for maintaining the State Gov- ernment, or for maintaining or aiding any public institution, not exceeding the next previous appropriation for the same purpose, shall be subject to rejection or repeal under this section. The increase in any such appropriation for maintaining or aiding any public institution shall only take effect as in the case of other laws, and such increase or any part thereof specified in the petition, may be referred to a vote of the people upon petition.

Sec. 3. (a) The referendum petition against an Act or part of an Act passed by the General Assembly, shall be sufficient if signed by ten thousand qualified voters of the State of Maryland, of whom not more than half shall be residents of Baltimore City, or of any one county; provided that any Public Local Law, for any one county or the City of Baltimore shall be referred by the Secretary of State only to the people of said county or City of Baltimore, upon a referendum petition of ten per cent of the qualified voters of sard county or City of Baltimore as the case may be, calculated upon the whole number of votes cast therein respectively for Governor at the last preceding Gubernatorial election. (b) If more than one-half, but less than the full number of signatures required to complete any referendum petition against any law passed by the General Assembly, be filed with the Secretary of State before the first day of June, the time for the law to take effect, and for filing the remainder of signatures to complete the petition shall be extended to the thirtieth day of the same month, with like effect. Sec. 4. A petition may consist of several papers, but each paper shall contain the full text of the Act or part of Act petitioned upon; and there shall be attached to each such paper an affidavit of the person procuring the signatures thereon that of the said person’s own personal knowledge every signature thereon is genuine and bona fide, and that the signers are registered voters of the State of Mary- land, and of the City of Baltimore or county, as the case may be, as set opposite their names and no other verification shall be required. MARYLAND MANUAL 357

Sec. 5. (a) The General Assembly shall provide for furnishing the voters of the State the text of all measures to be voted upon by the people; provided, that until otherwise provided by law the same shall be published in the manner prescribed by Article XIV of the Constitution for the publication of proposed Constitutional Amendments. (b) All laws referred under the provisions of this Ar- ticle shall be submitted separately on the ballots to the voters of the people, but if containing more than two hundred words, the full text shall not be printed on the official ballots, but the Secretary of State shall prepare and submit a ballot title of each such measure in such form as to present the purpose of said measure concisely and intelligently. The ballot title may be distinct from the legislative title, but in any case the legislative title shall be sufficient. Upon each of the ballots, following the ballot title or text, as the case may be, of each such measure, there shall be printed the words “For the Referred Law” and “Against the Re- ferred Law,” as the case may be. The votes cast for and against any such referred law shall be returned to the Governor in the manner prescribed with respect to proposed amendments to the Constitution under Article XIV of this Constitution, and the Governor shall proclaim the result of the election, and, if it shall appear that the majority of the votes cast on any such measure were cast in favor thereof, the Governor shall by his proclamation declare the same having received a majority of the votes to have been adopted by the people of Maryland as a part of the laws of the State, to take effect thirty days after such election, and in like manner and with like effect the Gov- ernor shall proclaim the result of the local election as to any Public Local Law which shall have been submitted to the voters of any county or of the City of Baltimore. Sec. 6. No law or Constitutional Amendment, licensing, regulating, prohibiting, or submitting to local option, the manufacture or sale of malt or spirituous liquors shall be referred or repealed under any Act of the provisions of this Article. o ARTICLE XVII.1 QUADRENNIAL ELECTIONS Section 1. All State officers elected by qualified voters (except judges of the Circuit Courts of the several circuits, i Added by Chapter 227, Acts of 1922, and adopted November, 1922. 358 MARYLAND MANUAL

the member of the Court of Appeals from Baltimore City, and members of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City), and all county officers elected by qualified voters, shall hold office for terms of four years, and until their successors shall qualify. Sec. 2. Elections by qualified voters for State and county officers shall be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-six, and on the same day in every fourth year thereafter. Sec. 3. Members of the House of Delegates and all other State and county officers elected by the qualified voters at the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Mon- day of November, in the year nineteen hundred and twenty- three for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at two years, shall hold office for terms of three years; the Gov- ernor, Attorney General, members of the State Senate and all other State and county officers elected by the qualified voters at the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-three, for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at four years, shall hold office for terms of three years; Registers of Wills, Clerks of Court and all other State and county officers elected by qualified voters at the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of No- vember, in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-three, for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at six years, shall hold office for terms of three years; and all such State and county officers elected by qualified voters thereafter shall hold office for terms of four years. Sec. 4. All officers to be appointed by the Governor under existing provisions of law in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-four for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at two years, shall hold office for terms of three years; all officers so appointed for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at four years, shall hold office for terms of three years; all officers so appointed for terms of office heretofore fixed by law at six years, shall hold office for terms of five years, and thereafter appointments by the Governor shall be for the terms heretofore fixed by law, unless otherwise duly changed by law. All officers appointed by County Commis- sioners after the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, for terms of office of two, four or six years, shall hold office for terms of three years; and thereafter MARYLAND MANUAL 359 appointment by the County Commissioners shall be for terms of four years, unless otherwise duly changed by law. Sec. 5. The terms of all State and county officers heretofore elected by qualified voters, and whose successors would not be elected until the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred and twenty-five, shall be increased by one year, and their successors shall be elected for the regular term at the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred and twenty-six. The terms of all State and county officers heretofore elected by qualified voters, and whose successors would not be elected until the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, shall remain unchanged; their successors shall be elected for a term of three years at the elections to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred and twenty-six, but shall not take office until the expiration of the full term for which their predecessors have been elected; and their successors shall be elected for the regular term at the election to be held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday of No- vember, nineteen hundred and thirty. Nothing herein shall affect the terms of any judge of the Circuit Court of the several circuits, the member of the Court of Appeals from Baltimore City, or any member of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City; if the term of any such judge shall expire in a year in which no election for members of the General Assembly is held, the Governor shall appoint a person duly qualified to fill said office, who shall hold the same until the next general election for members of the General Assembly, when a successor shall be elected for the term elsewhere provided. The terms of all State and county officers heretofore appointed for terms which will not expire until during the years nineteen hundred and twenty-five, nineteen hundred and twenty six, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven or nineteen hundred and twenty-eight shall be reduced by one year, and their successors shall be appointed for the terms now provided by law in the years nineteen hundred and twenty-four, nineteen hundred and twenty-five, nineteen hundred and twenty-six or nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, respectively. In the event that the term of any officer appointed by the Gover- nor with the advice and consent of the Senate shall expire in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-five or twenty- six, the Governor shall have power to appoint a successor, who shall serve for the full term subject to confirmation 360 MARYLAND MANUAL by the Senate at the regular session to be held under this Article in the year nineteen hundred and twenty-seven. Sec. 6. The General Assembly shall meet on the first Wednesday of January, nineteen hundred and twenty-four, for a regular session, and shall not meet again for a regular session until the first Wednesday of January, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, and the General Assembly shall meet on the same day in every second year thereafter and at no other time, unless convened by proclamation of the Governor. Sec. 7. The term of the Treasurer elected by the Gen- eral Assembly at the regular session of nineteen hundred and twenty-four shall be three years. Thereafter the term shall be the same as elsewhere provided. Sec. 8. The terms of the members of the Board of Su- pervisors of Elections of Baltimore City and of the several counties shall commence on the first Monday of June next ensuing their appointment. Sec. 9. The vote to be held under the provisions of Section 2 of Article XIV of the Constitution for the purpose of taking the sense of the people in regard to calling a Constitutional Convention shall be held at the general election in the year nineteen hundred and thirty, and every twenty years thereafter. Sec. 10. The Governor shall submit three budgets to the General Assembly at the regular session of nineteen hundred and twenty-four, in accordance with the provisions of Section 52 of Article III of the Constitution, for the three fiscal years beginning October first, nineteen hundred and twenty-four and ending September thirtieth, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, and two budgets to the General Assembly at the regular session of nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, and thereafter as now provided by said section. Sec. 11. The purpose of this Article is to reduce the number of elections, by providing that all State and county elections shall be held only in every fourth year, and at the time now provided by law for holding congressional elections ; and to bring the terms of appointive officers into harmony with the changes effected in the time of the beginning of the terms of elective officers; and the administrative and judicial officers of the State shall construe the provisions of this Article so as to effectuate that purpose. MARYLAND MANUAL 361

For the purpose of this Article only the word “officers” shall be construed to include those holding positions and other places of employment in the State and county governments whose terms are fixed by law, but it shall not include any appointments made by the Board of Public Works, nor appointments by the Governor for terms of three years. Sec. 12. The General Assembly, at the regular session of the year nineteen hundred and twenty-four, shall make such changes in the primary and general election laws, and otherwise, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Article. There shall be no election for State or county officers in the year nineteen hundred and twenty- five. SEC. 13. In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of this Article and any of the other provisions of the Constitution, the provisions of this Article shall prevail, and all other provisions shall be repealed or abrogated to the extent of such inconsistency.

VOTE ON THE CONSTITUTION For the purpose of ascertaining the sense of the people of this State in regard to the adoption or rejection of this Constitution, the Governor shall issue his proclamation within five days after the adjournment of this convention, directed to the Sheriffs of the City of Baltimore and of the several counties of this State, commanding them to give notice in the manner now prescribed by law in reference to the election of members of the House of Delegates, that an election for the adoption or rejection of this Constitution will be held in the City of Baltimore, and in the several counties of this State, on Wednesday, the eighteenth day of September, in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-seven, at the usual places of holding elections for members of the House of Delegates in said city and counties. At the said election the vote shall be by ballot, and upon each ballot there shall be written or printed the words, “For the Con- stitution,” or “Against the Constitution,” as the voter may elect; and the provisions of the laws of this State relating to the holding of general elections for members of the House of Delegates, shall in all respects apply to and regulate the holding of the said election. It shall be the duty of the judges of election in said city and in the several counties of the State to receive, accurately count and duly return the number of ballots so cast for or against the adoption of this 362 MARYLAND MANUAL

Constitution, as well as any blank ballots which may be cast, to the several clerks of the Circuit Courts of this State, and to the clerk of the Superior Court of Baltimore City, in the manner now prescribed by law, in reference to the election of members of the House of Delegates, and duplicates thereof, directly to the Governor; and the several clerks aforesaid shall return to the Governor, within ten days after said election, the number of ballots cast for or against the Constitution, and the number of blank ballots; and the Governor, upon receiving the returns from the judges of election, or the clerks as aforesaid, and ascertaining the aggregate vote throughout the State, shall, by his proclamation, make known the same; and if a majority of the votes cast shall be for the adoption of this Constitution it shall go into effect on Saturday, the fifth day of October, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. MARYLAND MANUAL 363

INDEX TO CONSTITUTION

Where no section numbers are given, the references are to Articles in the Declaration of Rights Art. Sec. Absentee voting 1 1A Acts (See Governor—Veto) Acts of Assembly in Force 5 Adjournment of Legislature 25 Adjutant General, appointment, duties, etc 9 2 Advertisements, internal improvements—county assistance. . 3 54 Affirmations (See Oaths of office) Agriculture, Superintendent of Labor and 10 1-7 Alcoholic Beverages, local option laws net subject to referendum 16 6 Allegany County, Circuit Court Judges—number 4 21 Amendments to Constitution, convention for altering—vote of people as to 14 2 17 9 Amendments to Constitution proposed by Legislature, publication, adoption, proclamation, etc 14 1 Annapolis, Adjutant General to be at 9 2 Court of Appeals to meet at 4 14 Governor to reside at 2 21 Legislature may meet elsewhere during emergency. . .. 2 16 Legislature to meet in 11 Secretary of State to reside at 2 22 State Comptroller and Treasurer to keep offices at.... 6 1 Appellate Judicial Circuits 4 14 Appointments, Governor and Senate to make 2 10-14 Appropriations, bills for 3 32 How to make 3 52 Restriction as to referendum 16 2 Armies, standing 29 Attainder, laws of 18 Attorney General, Clerk of Court of Appeals and Commis- sioner of Land Office to notify as to cases 5 6 Duties, compensation, additional counsel 5 3 Election, term, removal 5 1, 2 Qualifications for 5 4 State’s Attorneys—recommends removal of 5 7 Term of office 17 3 Vacancy filled by Governor 5 Attorney (State’s)—(See State’s Attorney) Bail, excessive, not to be required 25 Ballots, elections to be by 1 Baltimore City, charter provisions as to Mayor and Council. Condemnation of property in 3 40A Constables—appointment 4 42, 43 Constables and clerks in People’s Court 4 41A Home rule (See Home Rule) Legislative districts of 3 2, 4 Mayor and City Council (See also) 11 1-9 People’s Court (See Courts) Redevelopment Commission (See Baltimore Redevelop- ment Commission) Sheriff, election, powers, etc 4 44 State’s Attorney, Deputy, etc 5 9 Supreme Bench (See Courts) Baltimore County, Circuit Court Judges—number 4 21 Baltimore Redevelopment Commission, authorized, creation, powers, etc 11B 1 Banks, books, etc., to be open for inspection 3 39 Bequests, sanction 38 364 MARYLAND MANUAL Art. Sec. Bill of Bights V •••,• V 1-45 Bills (See Governor—veto; Legislature) 12 2, 3 Board of Public Works, duties, powers 12 1 Members, journal, meetings 4 44 Bonds (Surety), Sheriffs.... 6 1 State Comptroller and Treasurer 7 3 State Librarian 5 12 State’s Attorneys 3 ie Books not to be purchased for member of Legislature 1 3 Bribery, voters 3 50 State officers 3 52 Budget Amendment 17 10 Budget Bill, Governor to submit three in 19J4 3 34 Calvert County, internal improvements in 3 34 Charles County, internal improvements in 48 Charters of corporations 3 Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Board of Public Works to vote stock in 2 Circuit Courts (See Courts) ••••• Civil cases, trial by jury, for sums over $5.00 (i Clerks of Courts (See Courts) Commander of State military forces...... • • ■ • • 8 Commissioner of the Land Office (See Land Office) . . . Commissions, form _ 13 Common Law, people entitled to Compact theory of Government Compensation of public officers, contractors, etc 3 5, *3 5A Comptroller (See State Comptroller) 11B Condemnation, Baltimore Redevelopment Commission. 40, 40A, Private property 40B Congressman may not serve in Legislature 3 10 Constables, account of fees; exception 15 1 Appointment, number, term, duties 4 42, 43 People’s Court of Baltimore City 4 41A Constitution of Maryland applies at all times 44 Constitution of United States applies at all times 44 Constitution of United States supreme law of State Constitutional amendments (See amendments to Constitu- tion) Contested elections 3 47 Contingent fund 3 32 Convictions, corruption of blood, forfeiture of estate 27 Coroners, account of fees; exception 15 1 Appointment 4 4 5 Corporations, bribery of officers 3 50 Foreign, taxation of 3 58 Formation, rights, taxation 3 48 Corruption of blood 27 Counsel, right of in criminal prosecution 21 Counties, Delegates in Legislature 3 3-5 Internal improvements, restricted as to 3 54 Legislature may form new; restriction 13 I Wicomico County formed 13 2-5 County charters (See Home Rule) County Commissioners, Constables^—appointment 4 42, 43 Election, numbers, compensation, term, etc 7 1 Legislature’s powers as, to, under Home Rule 11A 6 Court of Appeals (See Courts) Courts (See also Judiciary) Certification of laws to 3 30 Circuit Courts—Chief Judges, salaries 4 24 Court in banc 4 22 Decisions to be rendered in two months 4 23 Exception as to quadrennial elections 17 1, 5 Held in each county; jurisdiction 4 20 Judge to fill Clerk’s vacancy 4 25 Judges on Court of Appeals 4 14 MARYLAND MANUAL 365 Art. Sec. Judicial circuits 4 19 Number of Judges, appointment, election, Chief Judge, terms, quorum, salaries 4 21 Power vested in 4 1 Reports of work of 4 18A Somerset and Worcester Counties—apportion debts, etc., of Wicomico County 13 3 Clerk of Court of Appeals—notify Attorney General of State cases 5 6 Selection 4 17 Clerks of Courts, deputies 4 26 Duties, fees, regulations as to 4 10 Election returps for Attorney General 5 2 Election returns and certification 4 11, 12 Election, term, vacancy 4 25 Fees, compensation 3 45 Officers may qualify before 15 10 Supreme Bench 4 37, 38 Term of office 17 3 Court of Appeals—Annapolis to be meeting place 4 14 Appeals pending January 1, 1945 4 21 Appointment; vacancy 4 14 Assignment of Judges 4 13A, 18A Chief Judge—Administrative head of judiciary. . . 4 18A Chief Judge—designated 4 14 Clerk 4 17 Election to 4 14 Eligibility of members of Legislature 4 21 Exception as to quadrennial elections 17 1,5 Hearings, opinions, judgments 4 15 Laws recorded with 3 30 Number of Judges; appellate circuits 4 14 Power vested in 4 1 Reports to be published 4 15, 16 Rules of, practice, forms, fees, etc 4 18, 18A Salary, sessions, quorum 4 14, 15, 24 Supreme Bench, appeals from 4 33 Jurisidiction after adoption of Constitution 15 2 Justices of the Peace, appeals from 4 42 Appeals from, in Baltimore City 4 28, 34 Hearing in banc on appeals from 4 22 Number to be appointed 4 41B, 42 Process in 4 1 Orphans’ Court, election powers, vacancy, compensation 4 40 Power vested in 4 1 Transfer of venue 4 8 People’s Courts—Constables and Clerks 4 41A Establishment, Judges, jurisdiction, etc 4 41B Number of Judges, term, election, qualifications, compensation, jurisdiction 4 41A Rules; powers as to 4 18A Supreme Bench—additional Judge 4 39 Appeals from Baltimore City Court 4 34 Assignment of Judges 4 32 Clerks; election, salaries, duties 4 37,38 Courts comprising 4 27 Decisions to be rendered in two months 4 23 Election, terms, salaries 4 31, 31A Exception as to quadrennial elections 17 3,5 Jurisdiction of several courts of 4 28, 29, 30, 36, 39 Motions for new trial, in arrest of judgment 4 33 Officers appointed; compensation 4 9 Power vested in 4 l Quorum 4 35 Reports of work of 4 18A State’s Attorney, assistants, expenses 5 9 Terms, jurisdiction, appeals from 4 33 Trials without jury 4 39 Vacancy as Chief Judge 4 5 Writs and process in name of Chief Judge 4 34 Credit pf State not to be given 3 34 366 MARYLAND MANUAL Art. Sec. Criminal cases; indeterminate sentences, suspension, parole. 3 60 Jury judge of law as well as fact 15 5 Right of accused 21 .... Cruel and unusual punishments 16,25 .... Debt, no person to be imprisoned for 3 38 Debts of State, to be discharged within fifteen years 3 34 Debtors’ laws to be passed 3 44 Declaration of rights 1—45 .... Deeds not to be validated by special act 3 33 Divorces not to be granted by Legislature 3 33 Duels, penalty for 3 41 Education (See Public Schools) 8 1-3 Education to be encouraged 43 .... Elections (See Referendum) Absentee voting for soldiers, etc 1 1A Attorney General 5 1,2 Ballots to be used 1 1 Bribery of voters 1 3 Clerks of Courts, election of 4 25, 37 Returns, certifications 4 11,32 Commissions issued by Governor 4 11, 12, 13 Contested 3 47 County Commissioners 7 1 Court of Appeals 4 14 General,, when to be held 15 7 Governor; time, manner, etc 2 2-4 Illegal voting 1 4 Judges, election of 4 3, 5 Returns, certifications 4 11, 12 Laws to be passed for 3 ’42 Legislature—to regulate 3 49 Time for 3 7 Oath for officeholders 1 67 Orphans’ Courts 4 40 Quadrennial (See Quadrennial elections) Registers of Wills, election of 4 41 Returns, certification 4 11, 12 Registration; uniform laws, effect of 1 5 Residence requirements for voting 1 1, 1A Returns and certification 4 11, 12 Right of people to participate in 7 Sheriffs, election of 4 44 To give notice of 15 8 State Comptroller 6 1 State’s Attorneys, election of 5 7, 8 Returns 4 n Supervisors of—term 17 8 Supreme Bench of Baltimore City 4 31, 39 Surveyor 7 2 Tie votes—House of Delegates to decide 4 12 New election to be ordered 15 4 Voters, qualifications for 7 .... Who may vote 1 1-5 When to be held 17 2 Wicomico County 13 4 Wreck Master, Worcester County 7 6 Elisors—appointment 4 45 Emergency laws—emergency clause; effect of referendum; what laws may not be 16 2 Eminent domain (See Condemnation) English statutes, people entitled to benefit of 5 .... Evidence—self incrimination 22 .... Ex post facto laws 17 .... Execution, property protected from 3 44 Executive (See Governor; Secretary of State) Department; powers, etc 2 1-23 Powers of, as trustee of public 6 .... Rotation in office of 34 .... Separation of powers of 8 .... Fees, account of, reports 15 1 Clerks of courts 3 45 4 10 MARYLAND MANUAL 367 Art. Sec. Registers of Wills 3 45 Sheriffs—paid to counties 4 44 State’s Attorneys 5 9 Feminine gender included in masculine 15 10 Fines and forfeitures, excessive, not to be required 25 .... Governor may remit 2 20 Foreign corporations, taxation of 3 58 Foreign powers, presents to officers from, prohibited 35 .... Forfeiture of estate 27 .... Freedom of speech 40 .... General Assembly (See Legislature) General Elections, when to be held 15 7 God, belief in existence of 36, 37 .... Government, Constitutions to apply at all times 44 .... Militia as defense of 28 .... Origin of, in compact 1 .... Right to alter 1,6 .... State—powers of the people 4 .... Governor (See Executive; Secretary of State) Adjutant General, appointment 9 2 Annapolis, to reside at 2 21 Appoints civil and military officers; removal 2 10—15 Attorney General, receive election returns for; oath... 5 2 Supervision over, employment of additional counsel 5 3 Vacancy in office of 5 5 Bills, approval of 3 30 Board of Public Works—member 12 1 Budgets, three to be submitted in 1924 17 10 To submit 3 52 Civil officers, appointment 2 10 Removal, suspension 2 15 Commander of State military forces 2 8 Commissioner of the Land Office appointed bjr 7 4 Comptroller’s accounts to be examined by 2 18 Constitutional amendments, proclamation as to 14 1 Contingent fund 3 32 Court of Appeals appointment to, vacancies 4 14 Elections—commissions issued by 4 11, 12, 13 Tie votes—new election to be ordered 15 4 Time, manner, tie vote, etc 2 2-4 Execution of laws by 2 9 Executive power vested in 2 1 Fines and forfeitures remitted by 2 20 Grants signed by 4 13 Holds position after adoption of Constitution 15 3 Judges, appointment of 4 5 Removal from office 4 4 Retirement of 4 3 Justices of the Peace, number to be appointed 4 41B, 42 Legislature—convened by, for special sessions 2 16 Messages, measures to be sent to 2 19 Proclamation for special session . 3 14 Representation in, arranged by 3 5 Vacancy in, filled by 3 13 Military officers, appointment 2 10 Removal, suspension 2 15 Nolle prosequi granted by 2 20 Officers may qualify before 15 io Offices declared vacant for not filing reports 15 1 Orphans’ Courts—vacancy in, filled by 4 40 Pardons, power of 2 20 People’s Courts, appointment to 4 41A Private Secretary, office abolished 2 22 Referendum, proclamation of results 16 5 Reprieves, power of 2 20 Requirements to be eligible as 2 5 Salary 2 21 Secretary of State appointed by 2 22 Sheriff—to fill vacancy in office 4 44 State Comptroller, vacancy filled by; charges against.. 6 16 State Librarian, appointment of 7 ’3 368 MARYLAND MANUAL Art. Sec. State Treasurer—approve banking institutions 6 3 Publication of accounts of 6 4 Vacancy filled by, charges against 6 1,6 Term of office 2 1 17 3 Treasurer’s accounts to be examined by 2 18 Vacancy in office, how filled 2 6, 7 Veto—effect of item veto 3 52 Power of 2 17 Wicomico County, proclamation as to 13 2 Grand inquest 3 24 Grants, form 4 13 Great Seal, commissions and grants 4 Habeas Corpus, jurisdiction in Baltimore City 4 29 Not to be suspended 3 55 Hereditary honors not to be granted 42 .... Highways (See Roads) Home Rule—charter, amendments to HA 5 Charter, provisions of HA 3 Definitions, miscellaneous HA 7 Express powers to be enacted HA 2 Petition for charter board, election, preparation of charter, submission to voters HA l House of Delegates (See Legislature) Husband (See Wife) Immigration, agent, Commissioner of 10 3 Impeachment, Judges 4 4 Legislature has power of 3 26 No power of reprieve or pardon 2 20 Income tax on Judges, etc 3 35A Indictments, accused to have copy of 21 .... Form 4 13 Infamous crime, conviction of, disqualifies for voting 1 2 Inspectors of tobacco, term, appointment 2 13 Interest, legal rate of 3 57 Internal improvements—Board of Public Works may sell State’s interest in 12 3 Counties restricted in assisting 3 54 State not to be involved in; exception 3 34 Item veto (See Governor—veto) Journals (See Legislature) Judges, income tax on 3 35A Judiciary (See Courts, Juries) Administrative head, Chief Judge of Court of Appeals. . 4 18A Appellate circuits 4 14 Courts in which power vested 4 1 Independence of 33 .... Judges—appoint officers; report as to 4 0 Appointments by Governor 4 5 Assignment 4 13A, 18A Cases in which disqualified 4 7 Conservators of peace 4 6 Election; returns and certification 4 11,12 Election, term, retirement 4 3, 5 Not to hold other office 33 .... Qualifications 4 2, 5 Removal from office 33 .... 4 4 Removal of Justices of the Peace and Constables. . 4 42 Salary, perquisites, etc 4 6, 24 State’s Attorney’s vacancy filled by 5 11 Supervision over Clerks of Courts 4 10 Vacancy in office 4 3, 5 Judicial Circuits, described 4 19 Wicomico County in First 13 5 Officers of courts—appointment, compensation, etc 4 9 Punishments, fines, bail 25 .... Reports of work of 4 18A Separation of powers of 8 .... Transfer of venue 4 8 MARYLAND MANUAL 369 Art. Sec. 8 Juries—case may be tried without 40, 40A, Condemnation proceedings 40B Depriving of life, liberty and property 23 Judges of law as well as of fact 15 People entitled to trial by 5 Religious belief of jurors not to make ;incompetent. . . . 36 Speedy trial by 21 Supreme Bench, trials without 4 39 Trial by, in civil cases for sums over $5.00 15 6 Trial of facts 20 Justice, speedy right to 19 Justices of the Peace (See Courts) Account of fees; exception 1 Legislature, eligible for 11 Labor and Agriculture, Superintendent of 10 1-7 Land Office—Commissioner; appointment, duties, salary, report 7 4, 5 Commissioner to notify Attorney General of State cases 5 6 Term of office 15 9 Law Department (See Attorney General) Laws (See Legislature) Attainder by 18 Ex post facto....- 17 Execution of by Governor 2 Retrospective, oppressive 17 Sanguinary, to be avoided 16 Suspension of 9 When to take effect 16 2 Legislature, absent voting by soldiers, etc.—may provide for 1 1A Accounts of officers may be inspected by 15 1 Acts as of 1867 in force 5 Adjournment—neither House to adjourn without consent of other 3 25 Annapolis as place of meeting 11 Appropriations, bills for 3 ’ 32 How to make 52 Attorney General, additional counsel for 5 3 To write opinions for 5 3 Baltimore City, districts of 3 2, 4 Baltimore Redevelopment Commission, powers as to.... 11B 1 Banks—books, etc. to be open for inspection 3 39 Bills (See Laws, hereunder) Great Seal affixed; approval 30 Majority required for passage 28 Originate in either House 27 Printed or engrossed for third reading 27 Ten day limit on introduction 27 Three readings required 27 Yeas and nays on 28 Board of Public Works, powers given to 12 1 Books which may not be purchased for members 3 16 Borrowing power, temporary 3 34 Bribery of State officers 3 50 Budget amendment 3 52 Charters of corporations 3 48 Clerks of Courts—fees, compensation 3 45 Regulations as to 4 10 Compensation of public officers, contractors, etc 3 35 Condemnation of private property 3 40, 40A, 40B Constitutional amendments—proposed by Legislature. . 14 1 Vote of people as to convention 14 2 17 9 Contested elections 3 47 Contingent fund 3 32 Convened frequently 12 Corporations, bribery of officer of 3 50 Foreign, taxation of 3 58 Laws as to 3 48 Counties—may be formed by; restriction 13 1, 6 Number of delegates in 3 3-5 Restricted as to internal improvements 3 54 370 MARYLAND MANUAL Art. Sec. County Commissioners, powers as to, under Home Rule 11A 6 Court of Appeals, rules of £ 18 Court officers, report as to 4 9 Credit of State not to be given 3 34 Debts, no person to be imprisoned for 3 38 To be discharged within 15 years 3 34 Debtors’ laws to be passed 3 44 Doors to be kept open generally 3 21 Duels, penalty for 3 41 Education, arts, sciences, etc., to be encouraged 43 Elections—contested 3 47 Judges of, regulation of, etc 3 49 Laws to be changed to lit quadrennial elections. . . 17 12 Laws to be passed for 3 42 Emergency laws to have 3/5 majority 16 0 Eminent domain 3 40, 40A, 40B Execution, property protected from 3 44 Fees—Clerks of Courts, Register of Wills 3 45 Freedom of speech in 10 General powers 3 ’ *56 Governor, chosen by, in event of tie 2 4 Elect successor to fill vacancy 2 6, 7 Messages and measures sent by 2 19 Pardons, etc., reported to 2 20 Grand inquest 3 24 Habeas corpus not to be suspended 3 55 Home rule powers to be enacted; restrictions upon Legislature HA 2, 4, 6 House of Delegates, accounts examined by 3 24 Chief Clerk, bills signed in presence of 3 30 County representation in 3 3-5 Election, term 3 6, 7 Established 3 1 Grand inquest 3 24 Impeachments brought by 3 26 Quadrennial elections 17 3, 6 Speaker, bills signed in presence of 3 30 Budget bill sent to 3 52 Open election returns for Governor 2 2, 3 Salary 3 15 Tie votes in elections decided by 4 12 Impeachment—Judges 4 4 Procedure 3 26 Interest, legal rate of 3 57 Internal improvements, counties restricted as to 3 54 Not to be made by 3 34 Journals—constitutional amendments 14 1 Publication 3 22 Veto messages entered in, votes entered in 2 17 Yeas and nays on any question entered in 3 22 Judges, assignment of 4 13A Eligibility of members to be 4 21 Income tax on,. 3 35A Removal from office 4 4 Retirement of 4 3 Laws (See Bills, hereunder) Certification of 3 30 Financial statement published with 3 32 Publication of 3 30 Recorded with Court of Appeals 3 30 Requirements as to passing 3 29 Time to take effect 3 31 Title to describe subject 3 29 Local Laws not to be passed by 3 33 Lotteries not to be authorfzed Ijy 3 36 Members, each House to judge qualifications of 3 19 Expulsion or punishment of 3 19 Not eligible for certain offices 3 17 Not liable for words spoken in debate 3 18 MARYLAND MANUAL 371 Art. Sec. Mileage of members 3 15 Militia—consent to Governor to command in person. . 2 8 To provide for 9 1, 3 Mortgages, taxation of 3 51 Municipal corporations 3 48 Nays (See Yeas and nays, hereunder) Officers, appointed by 3 19 Punishment of 3 23 Salary not to be changed during term 3 35 Orphans’ Courts, powers of 4 40 Paroles authorized 3 60 Pensions—general system forbidden 3 59 People’s Courts, establishment, etc 4 41B Number of Judges 4 41A Personal property, taxation 3 51 Petition, right to 13 .... Powers of, as trustees of public 6 .... Printing and stationery committee 3 24 Public schools, to provide for 8 1—3 Punishment of officers and others 3 23 Qualifications for members of 3 9-12 Quorum 3 20 Referendum—Text of measures to be furnished to voters 16 5 Registers of Wills—fees, compensation 3 45 Regular sessions—extended for budget bill 3 52 Length 3 15 Time of 3 14 When to meet 17 6 Resolutions—passage 3 28 Right of people to participate in 7 .... Rules of procedure determined by 3 19 Salaries of members 3 15 Salary of public officers 3 35, 35A Secretary of State, records may be inspected by 2 23 Senate—Adjutant General—confirm appointment 9 2 Appointments confirmed by 2 10-14 Baltimore City districts 3 2 Divided into two classes 3 $ Election, term 3 7 3 Established 3 ('1 Impeachments tried by 3 26 Orphans’ Courts, ^ confirm appointments to 4 40 President, bills signed in presence of 3 30 Budget bill sent to 3 52 Salary 3 15 Succeeds to Governor 2 7 Quadrennial elections 17 3 Secretary, bills signed in presence of 3 30 Secretary of State’s appointment confirmed by. . . 2 22 State Librarian, appointment confirmed by...... 7 3 State’s Attorneys removed by 5 7 Separation of powers of 8 Slaves, no payment for 3 * 37 Soldiers’ bonus—payment 3 34 Somerset County, representation in 13 4 Special laws not to be passed by 3 33 Special sessions, budget amendment not to affect 3 52 Convened by Governor 2 16 How convened 3 14 Length ’ 3 45 Standing armies—consent to 29 State Comptroller—report to ^6 ***2 State Librarian—duties, bond 7 3 State Pension Commissioner—abolished 3 59 State Treasurer elected by 6 1 Reports to 6 4 State’s Attorney, Baltimore City, Assistants 5 9 Supplementary appropriation bills 3 52 Supreme Bench, additional Judge for 4 39 Suspension of criminal sentences 3 gQ 372 MARYLAND MANUAL Art. Sec. Suspension of laws by 9 .... Tax power vested in 14 .... Taxation—personal property, mortgages 3 51 Two branches of 3 1 United States, donations from 3 46 Usury—legal rate of interest 3 57 Vacancy in—how filled 3 13 Veto of bills of (See Governor—veto) Who may or may not serve in 3 9-12 Wicomico County—fix time for holding courts 13 5 Representation in 13 4 yfife—property protected from husband’s debts 3 43 Witnesses—bribery cases 3 50 Race or color not to disqualify 3 53 Worcester County, representation in 13 4 Yeas and nays—bills and resolutions 3 28 When entered in Journal 3 22 liberty of press 40 .... Librarian (See State Librarian) Licenses—issue in Baltimore City 4 38 Local legislation (See Home’•Rule) Local option laws not subject to referendum 16 6 Lotteries not to be authorized 3 36 Lunatic may not vote 1 2 Marriage licenses, issue in Baltimore City 4 38 Martial Law, soldiers punishable by 32 .... Maryland Reports 4 16 Masculine gender includes feminine 15 10 Military Power, subordination of 30 .... Militia, Adjutant General, appointment, duties, etc 9 2 Defense of free government 28 .... Governor may call out 2 8 Legislature to provide for 9 1,3 Subject to martial law 32 .... Minister may not serve in Legislature 3 11 Minors, sale of real estate belonging to 3 33 Monopolies are odious 41 .... Montgomery County, Circuit Court Judges—number 4 21 Mortgages, taxation of 3 51 Municipal corporations, formation 3 48 Taxation of foreign corporations 3 58 Names, special act not to be passed for changing 3 33 Nolle prosequi, Governor may grant 2 20 Notaries Public, appointment 4 45 Oaths, retrospective, not to be required 17 .... Oaths of Office, Attorney General 5 2 Officers, how to qualify 15 10 State Comptroller and Treasurer 6 1 State’s Attorneys 5 8 Oaths of Officers, form of administering 39 .... Holders to take 1 6 Refusal to take; effect 1 7 Officers, account of fees; reports 15 1 Appointment, confirmation, removal 10 15 Bribery of 3 50 Defined, as to quadrennial elections 17 12 Oath, how to qualify 15 10 Salary not to be changed during term 3 35 State, not eligible for Legislature 3 11,12 Status after adoption of Constitution 15 3 Term—when to begin 15 9 Terms—to be four years 17 1, 3-5, 7, 8 Offices, no person to hold two offices 35 .... Members of Legislature not eligible for certain 3 17 Rotation in 34 .... Orphans’ Courts (See Courts) Paroles 3 60 Pensions, general system forbidden 3 59 People, amelioration of conditions of 43 .... Rights of, not restricted 45 .... MARYLAND MANUAL 373 Art. Sec. People’s Court (See Courts) Personal property, taxation of 51 Petitions (See Referendum) Right of 13 Poll Taxes, oppressive 15 Preacher may not serve in Legislature 3 President of Senate (See Legislature—Senate) Press, liberty of 40 Prince George’s County, Circuit Court Judges—number. . . . 4 21 Private Secretary, office abolished 2 22 Process—form 4 13 Property Taxes uniform 15 Public Schools, system of; school fund 8 ’i-3 Public Works (See Board of Public Works) Quadrennial Elections; elections—Laws to be changed as necessary 17 12 Elections—when to be held 17 2 Legislature—when to meet 17 6 Purpose and interpretation of article 17 11, 13 Supervisors of elections—term 17 8 Terms of four years for officers 17 ] , 3-5, 7, 8 Treasurer—term 17 7 Quorum, Circuit Courts 4 21 Court of Appeals 4 14, 15 Legislature 3 20 Supreme Bench 4 35 Receipts and expenditures, statement of, published 3 32 Recordation, Baltimore City 4 38 Oaths of office 15 10 Referendum, ballots—form 16 5 Emergency laws—effect of ] " 16 2 Laws to be submitted separately 16 5 Petition—form ; verification 16 4 Number of signers necessary 16 3 When to file; effect 16 2, 3 Power of, reserved to people 16 1 Soldiers’ Bonus 3 34 Text of measure to be furnished to voters 16 5 What laws may not be submitted to 16 6 Refunds not to be made by special act 3 33 Register of Wills, election—returns, certification Election—term, duties, vacancy 4 11, 12 Fees : compensation ’ ’ ’ ’ 4 41 Term of office 3 45 Registration (See Elections) *. 17 3 Religious freedom ’ Religious tests 36 Reports of the Court of Appeals 36, 37 Reserved Powers Doctrine " 4 16 Residence requirements for voting ’ ’ ' 2 Roads, condemnation of property for 1 1,1 A St. Mary’s County, internal improvements in 3 40B Salaries, limitation on 3 34 Salary of public officers . 15 1 Salisbury, County seat of Wicomico County 3 35, 35A Sanction of Bequests ...!!! 13 2 Seal of the State (See Great Seal) 38 Search Warrants 38 Secretary of State (See Executive; Governor) 26 Appointment, salary Duties 22 Election returns for Governor sent to...... 2 23 Laws referred to referendum by 2 2 Legislature convened by 16 - 3, 5 Self incrimination, Bribery cases 2 7 Rule against 3 50 Senate (See Legislature) 22 Separation of Powers 8 Sheriffs, elections—qualifications, term, bond, salary, fees.. 4 44 Elections—to give notice of 15 8 Somerset and Worcester counties—notice of election. . 13 4 374 MARYLAND MANUAL

Art. Sec. Slavery not to be re-established 24 Slaves, payment for o * 37 Soldiers, punishable by martial law 32 Quartered in houses 31 Soldiers’ Bonus 3 34 Somerset County, Wicomico County to be formed from. . . . 13 2-5 Sovereignty of State 4 Speaker of House (See Legislature—House of Delegates) . . Speech, freedom of 10, 40 Standing armies consent to 29 State Central Committee, nomination for vacancy in Legis- lature 3 CO r-ieOHCOTflNlO State Comptroller, accounts of officers to be inspected by. . 15 Attorney General—to write opinions for 5 Board of Public Works—member 12 Charges against; hearing 6 Commissioner of the Land Office—report to 7 Duties 6 Election, term, salary, office, vacancy 6 Governor to examine accounts 2 18 Treasurer’s accounts rendered to; inspections 6 4 State Librarian, appointment, salary, etc 7 3 Term of office 15 9 State Pension Commissioner abolished 3 59 State Roads Commission, condemnation of property for. . . . 3 40B State Treasurer, accounts rendered to comptroller; published 6 4 Board of Public Works—member 12 1 Charges against; hearing 6 6 Duties 6 3, 4 Election, term, salary, office vacancy 6 1, 5 Excess fees of officers paid to 15 1 Governor to examine accounts 2 18 Term of office ’" 17 7 State’s Attorneys—Attorney General, to write opinions for 5 3 Baltimore City—Deputy, etc 5 9 Collections ; surety bond 5 12 Duties ; salaries, fees 5 9 Election—returns 4 11 Term, removal ’ 5 7, 8 Qualifications 5 10 Vacancy; filled by judge 5 11 Supplementary Appropriation Bills Supreme Bench (See Courts) 3 52 Surety Bonds (See Bonds—Surety) Surveyor, election, term, duties, vacancy, etc 7 2 Worcester County—run Wicomico County line 13 3 Suspension of criminal sentences 3 60 Taxation, general principles of 15 Personal property; mortgages 3 'hi Taxes, collection—special law not to be passed 3 33 Taxing Power vested in Legislature 14 Terms of office—quadrennial elections 17 1, 3-5, 7, 8 When to begin 15 9 Titles not to be granted Tobacco inspectors—term, appointment 42 Towns (See Municip^ Corporations) . 2 13 Treasurer (See State Treasurer) Treasury Department (See State Comptroller; State Treasurer) Trial by jury (See Juries) Trial _pf facts, right to .... Trial Magistrates (See Courts—Justices of the Peace).'"*.* 20 United States — Baltimore Redevelopment Commission — loans to 11B 1 Constitution—supreme law of State 2 Donations, etc., from ’ 3 * *46 Officers of, may not serve in Legislature ’ 3 10 Reserved powers doctrine 3 Slaves—compensation to be obtained for .*. .*! 3 37 MARYLAND MANUAL 375 Art. Sec. Usury; legal rate of interest 3 57 Venue; transfer 4 8 Vetoes (See Governor—Veto) Voters (See Elections) Warrants—special; general 26 Wicomico County, duties and obligations of inhabitants.... 13 2- Elections in 13

First Judicial Circuit 13 Or ^ Cn Formation; boundaries; county seat; rights of inhabitants 13 Wife; property protected from husband’s debts 3 43 Wills not to be validated by special act 3 33 Witnesses, Bribery cases 3 50 Race or color not to disqualify 3 53 Religious belief not to make incompetent 36 Right to be confronted by 21 Worcester County, Wicomico County to be formed from... 13 2-5 Wreck Master 7 6 Writs—form 4 Wreck Master 13 Yeas and nays (See Legislature) 7 6

Principal Officers of

Maryland—Historica l

Page Barons of Baltimore. 379 Governors Before 1776 379 Provincial Convention 381 Councils of Safety. 382 Constitutional Convention, 1776 382 Governors of Maryland After 1777 - 383 a. Results of Gubernatorial Elections, 1871-1946 384 Governor’s Council 386 Secretaries of State 388 Treasurers 389 Comptrollers of the Treasury 389 Adjutant Generals 390 Presidents of the Senate 390 Speakers of the House of Delegates 392 Judges of the Court of Appeals 393 Chief Judges 395 Attorney Generals 395 Delegates to Colonial Congress, 1765. 396 Signers of Declaration of Independence, 1776 396 Signers of Articles of Confederation, 1781 396 Signers of Federal Constitution, 1787 - 396 Convention for Ratification of the Federal Constitution 396 Continental Congress 397 The Senate 398 a. Present United States Senators 401 b. Results of Senatorial Elections, 1913-1946 401 House of Representatives 404 a. Present United States Congressmen 410 r MARYLAND MANUAL 379

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS OF THE PROVINCE AND STATE OF MARYLAND FROM THE CREATION OF THE OFFICE TO THE PRESENT DAY

GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND BARONS OF BALTIMORE AND LORDS PROPRIETARY OF MARYLAND 1580(?)-1632—George Calvert, First Lord Baltimore. Petitioned for grant of land north of the Potomac. 1606-1675—Cecilius Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore. Received grant June 20, 1632, soon after death of First Lord Baltimore. 1630-1715—Charles Calvert, Third Lord Baltimore. 1677-1715—Benedict Leonard Calvert, Fourth Lord Baltimore. 1699-1751—Charles Calvert, Fifth Lord Baltimore. 1731-1771—Frederick Calvert, Sixth Lord Baltimore. 1760-1834—Henry Harford. Harford did not succeed to the title, as he was an illegitimate son. His claim to Maryland was relin- quished in return for a monetary grant from the Maryland General Assembly.

GOVERNORS BEFORE 1776 1631-1634 Captain William Claiborne Settled at Kent Island under a commission from the King. He was driven from the Island by Leonard Calvert a few months after the colonists had landed. 1634-1644/5 Leonard Calvert Calvert had occasion to leave the colony several times, usually for a month or two but once for over a year. During his absences the following men governed the Province: 1637/8 and 1638, John Lewger; 1638 and 1641, Captain Thomas Corn- waleys; 1643-1644, Giles Brent; 1644, William Brainthwait. 1644/5-1646 Captain Richard Ingle Usurped the government and maintained control until about the middle of 1646. 1646 Captain Edward Hill Elected Governor by the Council w’hile Leonard Calvert was still in Virginia. He also claimed to have a commission from Calvert. His appointment was illegal, as he was not a member of the Council when elected, and Calvert was out of the Province when the commission was issued. He does seem to have held office, however, for he later attempted to collect certain fees and emoluments which were due him by virtue of his service. 1646- Leonard1 Calvert 647 1647- Thomas1 Greene 648/9 380 MARYLAND MANUAL

1649-1651/2 Captain William Stone During absences from the Province he left the following men to act in his place: 1649, Thomas Greene; 1650, Thomas Hatton. 1652 Parliamentary Commissioners 1652-1654 Captain William Stone 1654-1657 Commissioners appointed by Parliamentary Commissioners 1657-1660 Josias Fendall Appointed Luke Barber to serve in his place while he was absent from the Province from June 1657 to February 1657/8. 1660-1661 Philip Calvert 1662-1676 Charles Calvert Left Philip Calvert, William Calvert, Jerome White and Baker Brooke as deputies governing the Colony from May 1669 to November 1670 while he was in England. On November 30, 1675, his father died, and he became Lord Proprietary. 1676 Jesse Wharton Cecilius Calvert, infant son of the Lord Proprie- tary, was the nominal Governor from June to October 1676, but, actually, the Province was governed by the Deputy Governors. 1676-1679 Thomas Notley Succeeded Wharton as Deputy Governor, and later, in October 1676, he was commissioned as Governor by the Lord Proprietary. 1678/9-1684 Charles Calvert, Lord Proprietary Calvert was definitely back in the Province by January 1678/9, perhaps earlier, but he appears to have permitted Notley to retain the title of Governor until his death in April 1679. 1684-1688 Council of Deputy Governors Benedict Leonard Calvert, infant son of the Lord Proprietary, was commissioned Governor, but the duties were actually performed by the Deputies. The Deputies named in the commission were George Talbot, Thomas Tailler, Colonel Vincent Lowe, Colonel William Stevens, Colonel William Burgess, Major Nicholas Sewall, and John Damall. Most of them served the entire period indicated, but there were a few changes. 1688- William Joseph1 689 Named as President of the Council of Deputies in a commission from the Lord Proprietary. 1689- John Coode1 690 Leader of the Protestant Associators who seized the government on August 1, 1689. 1690- Nehemiah Blackiston1 692 Appointed President of the Committee for the Government of Maryland when Coode went to England. 1692-1693 Sir Lionel Copley 1693 Sir Thomas Lawrence Elected Governor after death of Copley, but had served only a week or two when Sir Edmund Andros arrived in Maryland to assume control. 1693 Sir Edmund Andros Remained in Maryland about ten days before returning to Virginia. MARYLAND MANUAL 381

1693- Colonel1 Nicholas Greenberry694 Appointed President of the Council by Andros. 1694 Sir Edmund Andros Remained in Maryland about a week. 1694 Sir Thomas Lawrence Appointed President of the Council by Andros. 1694- Sir Francis1 Nicholson 698/9 1698/9-1702 Colonel Nathaniel Blackiston 1702-1704 Thomas Tench Appointed President of the Council by Blackiston. 1704-1709 Colonel John Seymour 1709-1714 Major General Edward Lloyd Elected President of the Council when Colonel Francis Jenkins, who was senior member of the Council and thus entitled to succeed Seymour, failed to assert his right promptly. 1714-1720 John Hart 1720 Thomas Brooke Became President of the Council by virtue of his seniority when Hart returned to England. 1720-1727 Charles Calvert 1727-1731 Benedict Leonard Calvert 1731- Samuel 1Ogle 732 1732- Charles1 Calvert, Lord Proprietary733 1733- Samuel 1Ogle 742 1742-1746/7 Thomas Bladen 1746/7-1752 Samuel Ogle 1752-1753 Benjamin Tasker Became President of the Council upon the death of Governor Ogle. 1753-1769 Horatio Sharpe 1769-1776 Robert Eden Eden was in England from May to November 1774, during which time Richard Lee, President of the Council, governed the Province. Lee also governed the Province briefly in 1776 during the interval between the departure of Eden and the assump- tion of the government by the Convention. o—— REVOLUTIONARY INTERREGNUM During the years 1774 to 1776 more and more of the powers of government came to be exercised by popular bodies though the authority of the Governor was still acknowledged until Eden’s departure. These popular bodies were: Provincial Convention—Chosen by the Freeman June 22-25, 1774 Matthew Tilghman Chairman Nov. 21-25, 1774 Matthew Tilghman Chairman Dec. 8-12, 1774 ■John Hall Chairman April 24-May 3, 1775 .Matthew Tilghman Chairman July 26-Aug. 14, 1775 .Matthew Tilghman Chairman Dec. 7, 1775-Jan. 18, 1776 Matthew Tflghman President May 8-25, 1776 Charles Carroll, Barrister. President June 21-July 6, 1776 Matthew Tilghman President Aug. 14-Nov. 11, 1776 Matthew Tilghman President 382 MARYLAND MANUAL

Councils of Safety Exercising Power in the Intervals Between Conventions August 14, 1775 (first met August 29). This and all other committees served from the close of the convention at which they were elected to the close of the one next succeeding. Eight were from each shore of the bay. Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, President; Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson, Thomas Smyth, Henry Hooper, William Paca, John Beale Bordley (declined to serve), Richard Lloyd, Edward Lloyd, James Hollyday, Charles Carroll, Barrister; Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Thomas Stone, Samuel Chase, Robert Alexander and Robert Goldsborough. January 17, 1776 (first met January 18). Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, President; Charles Carroll, Barrister; John Hall, Benjamin Rumsey, James Tilghman, Thomas Smyth, Thomas Bedingfield Hands. May 25, 1776 (first, met May 27). Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, President; Charles Carroll, Barrister; John Hall, Benjamin Rumsey, George Plater, James Tilghman, Thomas Smyth, Thomas Bedingfield Hands, William Hayward. July 5, 1776 (first met July 6). Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, President; John Hall, George Plater, Charles Carroll, Barrister; Benjamin Rumsey, Thomas Smyth, James Tilghman, Joseph Nichol- son, Jr., Thomas Bedingfield Hands (declined to serve), and Nicholas Thomas, appointed September 17, 1776. November 10, 1776 (first met November 12). Served until March 20, 1777. March 21, Senate adopted a resolution, followed by the House on the 22nd, dissolving the Council of Safety because the new government was organized. The Legislature had been in session since February 5. Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, John Hall, George Plater, Brice Thomas Beale Worthington, Joseph Nicholson, Nicholas Thomas, Charles Grahame (declined to serve), James Tilghman (declined to serve), William Rumsey (declined to serve), Thomas Contee (chosen to fill Grahame’s place), Samuel Wilson (chosen to fill Tilgh- man’s place), William Hemsley (chosen to fill Rumsey’s place, declined), James Lloyd Chamberlaine (appointed by Council January 3, 1777, to fill Hemsley’s place, declined), Turbutt Wright (appointed by Council February 3, 1777, to fill Chamberlaine's place). o MEMBERS OF THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTION, AUGUST 14— NOVEMBER 11, 1776, WHICH FRAMED THE FIRST STATE CONSTITUTION Matthew Tilghman, President Gabriel Duvall, Secretary St. Mary’s County—Richard Barnes, Ignatius Fenwick, George Plater, Jeremiah Jordan. Kent County—Thomas Ringgold, William Ringgold, Joseph Earle, Thomas Smyth. Anne Arundel County—John Hall, Brice T. B. Worthington,1 Rezin Hammond, Samuel Chase,1 Charles Carroll, Barrister.1 Calvert County—Benjamin Mackall, Charles Grahame, William Fitz- hugh John Mackall. Charles County—Robert T. Hooe, John Dent, Thomas Semmes, John Parnham. 1 Resigned August 27, 1776. Worthington and Chase were re-elected September 10, 1776. Hall elected in place of Carroll. MARYLAND MANUAL 383

Baltimore County—Charles Ridgely, Thomas Cockey Deye, John Stevenson, Peter Shepherd. Talbot County—Pollard Edmondson, John Gibson, Matthew Tilghman, James Lloyd Chamberlaine. Somerset County—Gustavus Scott, George Scott, William Horsey, Henry Lowes. Dorchester County—Robert Goldsborough, James Murray, John En- nalls, Joseph Ennalls. Cecil County—Joseph Gilpin, Patrick Ewing, David Smith, Benjamin Brevard. Prince George’s County-—Walter Bowie, Benjamin Hall, Osborn Sprigg, Luke Marbury. Queen Anne’s County—Turbutt Wright, James Kent, William BrufF, Solomon Wright. Worcester County—Samuel Handy, Peter Chaille, Smith Bishop, Josiah Mitchell. Frederick County—Lower District: Thomas Sprigg Wootton, Jona- than Wilson, William Bayly, Jr., Elisha Williams. Frederick County—Middle District: Adam Fischer, Upton Sheredine, Christopher Edelen, David Schriver. Frederick County—Upper District: Samuel Beall, Samuel Hughes, John Stull, Henry Schnebly. Caroline County—Nathaniel Potter, William Richardson,2 Richard Mason, Henry Dickinson, Thomas Johnson.3 Harford County—Jacob Bond, Henry Wilson, Jr., John Love, John Archer. Baltimore Town—John Smith, Jeremiah T. Chase. Annapolis—William Paca, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. o GOVERNORS OF MARYLAND AFTER 1777 Elected Under the Constitution of 1777 by the Legislature for One Year 1777—Thomas Johnson 1809—Edward Lloyd 1779—Thomas Sim Lee 1811— Robert Bowie 1782—William Paca 1812— Levin Winder 1785—William Smallwood 1815—Chas. Ridgely, of Hampton 1788—John Eager Howard 1818— Charles Goldsborough 1791— G1819— eorge Plater Samuel Sprigg 1792— J1822—Samuelames Stevens, Brice* Jr. 1792—Thomas Sim Lee 1825—Joseph Kent 1794—John H. Stone 1828— Daniel Martin 1797— J1829— ohn Henry Thomas King Carroll 1798— B1830— enjamin Ogle Daniel Martin 1801—John Francis Mercer 1831— George Howard % 1803—Robert Bowie 1833—James Thomas 1806—Robert Wright 1835—Thomas W. Veazey 1809—James Butcher f 2 William Richardson elected Colonel of Battalion from Eastern Shore for flying: camp, August 16, 1776, and thereby vacated his seat, 3 Elected August 30, 1776. * Became Governor upon the death of Governor Plater, February 1792, f Governor for one month, May-June 1809, following the resignation of Governor Wright and before the convening of a special session of the Legislature. t Became Governor on the death of Governor Martin, July 1831. 384 MARYLAND MANUAL

Elected Under the Amended Constitution of 1838 by the People for Three Years William Grason Queen Anne’s County 1838 Francis Thomas Frederick County 1841 Thomas G. Pratt Prince George’s County 1844 Philip F. Thomas Talbot County 1847 Enoch Louis Lowe... - Frederick County 1850 Elected Under the Constitution of 1851 by the People for Four Years Thomas Watkins Ligon Howard County. 1853 Thomas Holliday Hicks : Dorchester County 1857 Augustus W. Bradford. Baltimore County. 1861 Elected Under the Constitution of 1864 by the People for Four Years Thomas Swann Baltimore City. 1865 Elected Under the Constitution of 1867 by the People for Four Years *Oden Bowie ...Prince George’s County 1869 William Pinkney Whyte Baltimore City 1872 fjames Black Groome. Cecil County 1874 John Lee Carroll Howard County...... 1876 William T. Hamilton Washington County. 1880 Robert M. McLane Baltimore City 1884 tHenry Lloyd Dorchester County 1885 Elihu E. Jackson Wicomico County 1888 Frapjc Brown Carroll County 1892 Lloyd Lowndes Allegany County 1896 John Walter Smith Worcester County 1900 Edwin Warfield..—'. Howard County. 1904 Austin L. Crothers Cecil County 1908 Phillips Lee Goldsborough Dorchester County 1912 Emerson C. Harrington Dorchester County. 1916 Albert C. Ritchie. Baltimore City. 1920 §Harry W. Nice. Baltimore City. 1935 Herbert R. O’Conor. .Baltimore City. 1939 Wm. Preston Lane, Jr Washington County 1947

RESULTS OF GUBERNATORIAL ELECTIONS, 1871-1946 1871—William Pinkney Whyte (D) Baltimore City. 73,958 Jacob Tome (R) Cecil County. 58,838 Whyte’s Plurality, 15,120 1875—John Lee Carroll (D) Howard County. 85,454 J. Morrison Harris (R) Baltimore City. 72,530 Carroll’s Plurality, 12,924 1879—William T. Hamilton (D) Washington County 90,771 James A. Gary (R) Baltimore City 68,609 Hamilton’s Plurality, 22,162 1883—Robert M. McLane (D) Baltimore City. 92.694 Hart B. Holton (R)— Baltimore County 80,707 McLane’s Plurality, 11,987 * Served three years by special provision of the Constitution, t Became Governor on the resignation of Governor Whyte, March 1874. $ Became Governor on the resignation of Governor McLane, March 1885. § Due to Constitutional Amendment of 1922, providing for quadrennial elections, the Governor elected in 1923 served three years. Thereafter gubernatorial terms began in odd years. MARYLAND MANUAL 385

1887—Elihu E. Jackson (D) Wicomico County 99,038 Walter B. Brooks (R) Baltimore County. 86,622 Jackson’s Plurality, 12,416 1891—Frank Brown (D).._ Carroll County. 108,539 William J. Vannort (R) Kent County. 78,388 Brown’s Plurality, 30,151 1895—Lloyd Lowndes (R) Allegany County 124,936 John E. Hurst (D) Baltimore City. 106,169 Lowndes’ Plurality, 18,767 1899—John Walter Smith (D) ....Worcester County..- 128,409 Lloyd Lowndes (R) Allegany County 116,286 Smith’s Plurality, 12,123 1903—Edwin Warfield (D) Howard County. 108,548 Stevenson A. Williams (R) Harford County. 95,923 Warfield’s Plurality, 12,625 1907—Austin L. Crothers (D) Cecil County. 102,051 George R. Gaither (R) Baltimore City 94,300 Crothers’ Plurality, 7,751 1911—Phillips Lee Goldsborough (R) Dorchester County 106,392 Arthur Pue Gorman (D) Howard County. 103,395 Goldsborough’s Plurality, 2,997 1915—Emerson C. Harrington (D) Dorchester County. 119,317 Ovington E. Weller (R) Baltimore County 116,136 Harrington’s Plurality, 3,181 1919—Albert C. Ritchie (D) Baltimore City. 112,240 Harry W. Nice (R) Baltimore City 112,075 Ritchie’s Plurality, 165 1923—-Albert C. Ritchie (D) Baltimore City. 177,871 Alexander Armstrong (R) Washington County. 137,471 Ritchie’s Plurality, 40,400 1926—Albert C. Ritchie (D) Baltimore City. 207,435 Addison E. Mullikin (R) Baltimore City. 148,145 Ritchie’s Plurality, 59,290 1930—Albert C. Ritchie (D) Baltimore City 283,639 William F. Broening (R) Baltimore City 216,864 Ritchie’s Plurality, 66,775 1934—Harry W. Nice (R) Baltimore City. 253,813 Albert C. Ritchie (D) Baltimore City. 247,664 Nice’s Plurality, 6,149 1938—Herbert R. O’Conor (D) Baltimore City. 308,372 Harry W. Nice (R) Baltimore City. 242,095 O’Conor’s Plurality, 66,277 1942—Herbert R. O’Conor (D) Baltimore City— —198,488 Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin (R)..Baltimore City 179,204 O’Conor’s Plurality, 19,284 1946—Wm. Preston Lane, Jr. (D) Washington County—268,084 Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin (R)..Baltimore City. .221,752 Lane’s Plurality, 46,332 386 MARYLAND MANUAL

GOVERNOR’S COUNCIL, 1777-1838 The Constitution of 1776 provided (Art. XXVI) that both houses of the Legislature elect by joint ballot five men to be “the Council to the Governor.” This was an advisory body of considerable influence. It was also provided that on the death, removal or incapacity of the Governor the first named of the Council should become Governor and proceed to the calling of a special session of the Legis- lature for the election of a new Governor. The Council was abolished in 1837 by means of a Constitutional Amendment (Sec. 13). 1777— -Chas. Carroll, Sr., Josiah Polk, Jr., Edward Lloyd, John Rogers, John Contee. 1778— Edward Lloyd, Thomas Sim, Daniel Carroll, James Hindman, James Brice. 1779— Edward Lloyd, Thomas Sim, Daniel Carroll, James Hindman, James Brice. 1780— John H. Stone, Jeremiah T. Chase, James Brice, Daniel Carroll, John Brice. 1781— Daniel Carroll, James Brice, Jeremiah T. Chase, Samuel T. Wright, John H. Stone. 1782— John H. Stone, James Brice, Jeremiah T. Chase, Samuel T. Wright, Benjamin C. Stoddert. 1783— Benj. C. Stoddert, Gabriel Duval, Jeremiah T. Chase, James Brice, John H. Stone. 1784— John H. Stone, James Brice, Jeremiah T. Chase, Gabriel Duval, Benjamin Ogle. 1785— Charles Wallace, Aquilla Paca, John Davidson, John H. Stone, Samuel T. Wright. 1786— Jeremiah T. Chase, James Brice, Gabriel Duval, John Kilty, Samuel T. Wright. 1787— Jeremiah T. Chase, James Brice, John Kilty, John Davidson, Benj. Harrison. 1788— Jeremiah T. Chase, James Brice, John Kilty, John Davidson, Benj. Harrison. 1789— James Brice, John Davidson, William Hindman, Josias C. Hall, John Kilty. 1790— John Kilty, James Brice, John Davidson, William Hindman, Rand. B. Latimer. 1791— Henry Ridgely, Rand. B. Latimer, John Davidson, John Kilty, James Brice. 1792— James Brice, John Kilty, Henry Ridgely, Maj. John Davidson, Benj. Harrison. 1793— William Pinkney, John Davidson, James Brice, John Kilty, Henry Ridgely. 1794— William Pinkney, John Davidson, James Brice, Henry Ridgely, William Kilty. 1795— William Pinkney, John Davidson, James Brice, Henry Ridgely, William Kilty. 1796— James Brice, Henry Ridgely, John Davidson, William Kilty, James Thomas. 1797— John Davidson, James Thomas, Jonathan Wilmer, Arthur Schaaff, John Johnson. 1798— John Davidson, James Thomas, Arthur Schaaff, Jonathan Wil- mer, John Johnson. MARYLAND MANUAL 387

1799— Arthur Schaaff, John Davidson, James Brice, James Thomas, Jonathan Wilmer. 1800— Thomas Buchanan, Arthur Schaaff, James Thomas, John Davidson, Samuel Ridout. 1801— Francis Diggs, Allen B. Duckett, Reverdy Ghiselin, Edward Hall, Davidson David. 1802— Francis Diggs, Allen B. Duckett, Edward Hall, Reverdy Ghiselin, Davidson David. 1803— Allen B. Duckett, Francis Diggs, Davidson David, Reverdy Ghiselin, Edward Hall. 1804— Rich. H. Harwood, Allen B. Duckett, Reverdy Ghiselin, Richard T. Earle, Francis Diggs. 1805— Allen B. Duckett, Reverdy Ghiselin, Richard T. Earle, Francis Diggs, Philip Reed. 1806— Reverdy Ghiselin, Thomas W. Hall, Lewis Duvall, Philip Reed, James Nabb. 1807— —James Butcher, Thomas W. Hall, Lewis Duvall, Reverdy Ghiselin, James Nabb. 1808— James Butcher, Reverdy Ghiselin, Lewis Duvall, Thos. W. Hall, Benj. Hodges. 1809— James Butcher, Geo. E. Mitchell, Thomas W. Hall, Reverdy Ghiselin, Lewis Duvall. 1810— James Stephen, James Butcher, Thomas W. Hall, Reverdv Ghiselin, Geo. E. Mitchell. 1811— Geo. E. Mitchell, John Stephen, James Butcher, Thos. H. Hall, Reverdy Ghiselin. 1812— Benj. Stoddert, Alex. C. Magruder, Wm. H. Ward, Wm. B. Martin, Walter Dorsey. 1813— Benj. Stoddert, Alex. C. Magruder, Wm. H. Ward, Wm. B. Martin, Walter Dorsey. 1814— Wm. B. Martin, Samuel Ridout, Thomas G. Addison, Wm. H. Ward, Alex. C. Magruder. 1815— Alex. C. Magruder, James Shaw, Virgil Maxey, John Murray, Wm. H. Ward. 1816— William Potter, Hy. G. Chapman, Richard Frisby, James Shaw, Wm. H. Ward. 1817— Daniel Murray, Henry A. Callis, John E. Howard, John Stoops, Arnold E. Jones. 1818— John E. Howard, Hy. G. Chapman, Henry A. Callis, Arnold E. Jones, John Stoops. 1819— James Nabb, James Butcher, Grafton Duvall, John Stephen, T. W. Wilkinson. 1820— John Stephen, T. W. Wilkinson, Grafton Duvall, James Nabb, James Butcher. 1821— Israel D. Maulsby, T. W. Wilkinson, James Butcher, Nicholas Brewer, James Nabb. 1822— Thomas Emory, Joshua Prideaux, Philemon Chew, Israel D. Maulsby, Nicholas Brewer. 1823— Thomas Emory, Joshua Prideaux, Nicholas Brewer, Philemon Chew, Robert H. Archer. 1824— Philemon Chew, Thomas Emory, Robert H. Archer, Joseph Gabby, Joshua Prideaux. 388 MARYLAND MANUAL 1825— Joseph Gabby, William Stewart, Robert H. Archer, James Roberts, Daniel Martin. 1826— Joseph Gabby, William Stewart, Otho Scott, Daniel Martin, Arnold IE. Jones. 1827— Daniel Martin, William Stewart, Thomas Davis, Arnold E. Jones, Rezin Estep. 1828— Thomas Davis, George R. Richardson, Rezin Estep, Littleton I. Dennis, Thomas S. Thomas. 1829— Hugh McElderry, Robt. D. C. Wright, Otho Scott, Benj. F. Mackall, Robert Wason. 1830— George Howard, T. C. Worthington, Henry Page, Samuel Tur- ner, William Potter. 1831— -William Potter, T. C. Worthington, Samuel Turner, Geo. W. Purnell, Robt. W. Bowie. 1832— Samuel Turner, Robert W. Bowie, T. C. Worthington, William Potter, John S. Martin. 1833— Samuel Mass, G. C. Washington, Robt. W. Bowie, John S. Martin, Thomas W. Veazey. 1834— Thomas W. Veazey, G. C. Washington, Nat. F. Williams, John S. Martin, Gwynn Harris. 1835— Gwynn Harris, Nat. F. Williams, Wm. F. Johnson, John C. Henry, John McKenny. 1836— Gwynn Harris, Nat. F. Williams, Wm. F. Johnson, John C. Henry, John McKenny. 1837— Gwynn Harris, Nat. F. Williams, Wm. F. Johnson, John Mc- Kenny, Wm. C. Jones. o SECRETARIES OF STATE The Office of Secretary of State was created by an amendment to the Constitution of 1837 (Sec. 17). John H. Culbreth 1838 Edward W. LeCompte 1886 Cornelius McLean 1839 William T. Brantly 1893 James Murray. 1840 Edwin Gott 1894 Thomas Wright 1841 Richard Dallam 1896 John C. Legrand 1842 George E. Loweree 1899 John W. Watkins 1844 Wilfred Bateman 1900 W. Van Buskirk. 1844 Oswald Tilghman 1904 William T. Wootten 1845 N. Winslow Williams 1908 Richard C. Hollyday 1848 Robert P. Graham 1912 John Nick Watkins 1849 Thomas W. Simmons 1916 Thomas H. O’Neal 1851 George L. Radcliffe... 1919 John Randolph Quinn 1853 Philip B. Perlman 1920 Nathaniel Cox 1854 E. Brooke Lee 1923 Jonathan Pinkney... 1857 David C. Winebrenner, 3rd .1925 James R. Partridge 1858 Thomas L. Dawson 1935 Grason Eichelberger 1861 E. Ray Jones ..1936 William B. Hill 1862 John B. Gontrum 1939 John M. Carter 1866 Francis Petrott 1939 R. C. Hollyday 1869 Miles T. Tull 1941 John T. Mason 1872 Thomas Elmo Jones 1941 R. C. Hollyday. 1873 William J. McWilliams 1944 James T. Briscoe 1880 Edward G. Chaney. 1946 R. C. Hollyday.. 1884 John B. Funk. 1947 George B. Milligan 1884 Bertram Lee Boone II 1947 MARYLAND MANUAL 389

TREASURERS OF THE WESTERN AND EASTERN SHORES Western Shore Thomas Harwood, Jr 1775 Benjamin Harwood 1804 George Mackubin 1826 James S. Owens 1843 Dennis Claude 1844-1852 Eastern Shore William Hindman 1775 James Hindman 1777 Edward Hindman 1778 Henry Dickinson 1779 William Richardson 1789 Willi am Chambers 1802 William Richardson 1813 John K. B. Emory 1825 William K. Lambdin.... 1826 Pere Robinson • 1840 John H. Harris 1841 Pere Robinson 1842-1843

The office of Treasurer of the Eastern Shore was abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (Ch. 200, 1841 and Ch. 239, 1842). TREASURER The office of Treasurer was created by the Constitution of 1851 (Art. VI, Sec. 1). James S. Owens 1852 Edwin H. Brown 1890 Dennis Claude 1854 Spencer C. Jones 1892 Sprigg Harwood 1860 Thomas J. Shryock 1896 Robert Fowler 1862 Murray Vandiver... 1900 John Merryman 1870 John M. Dennis 1916 John W. Davis 1872 William P. Jackson ...1918 Barnes Compton 1874 John M. Dennis 1920 John S. Gittings 1885 Hooper S. Miles 1935 Stevenson Archer. 1886 o COMPTROLLERS OF THE TREASURY The Office of Comptroller of the Treasury was created by the Con- stitution of 1851 (Art.. VI, Sec. 1). Philip Francis Thomas 1851 Henry E. Bateman 1853 William Pinkney Whyte 1854 William Henry Purnell 1856 Dennis Claude .1861 Abram Lingan Jarrett 1861 Samuel Snowden Moffitt 1862 Henry Hollyday Goldsborough 1864 Robert J. Jump 1864 William J. Leonard 1867 Levin Woolford 1870 Thomas J. Keating. 1878 390 MARYLAND MANUAL

J. Frank Turner - - 1884 L. Victor Baughman 1888 Marion deKalb Smith - - 1892 Robert P. Graham - 1896 Phillips Lee Goldsborough 1898 Joshua W. Hering. - 1900 Gordon T. Atkinson - 1904 Joshua W. Hering. ..1908 William B. Clagett _..1910 Charles H. Stanley. - 1911 Emerson C. Harrington 1912 Hugh A. McMullen - 1916 E. Brooke Lee 1920 William S. Gordy, Jr 1922 J. Millard Tawes - 1939 James J. Lacy 1947 o ADJUTANT GENERALS Henry Carberry - 1794 Samuel T. Wright.. 1807 John Kilty 1810 John Gassaway 1811 Richard Harwood of Thomas 1817 John W. Watkins 1835 John Wilmot - 1856 Nicholas Brewer of John ...... 1858 John S. Berry — .....1864 George H. Bier. 1869 Charles H. McBlair - 1871 Frank A. Bond... — — 1874 J. Wesley Watkins - ...1880 J ames Howard 1884 Henry Kyd Douglas 1892 L. Allison Wilmer - ..1896 John S. Saunders 1900 Clinton L. Riggs 1904 Henry M. Warfield 1908 Charles F. Macklin 1912 Henry M. Warfield — — 1916 * Milton A. Reckord 1920

PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer Charles County 1777 George Plater St. Mary’s County. 1781 Matthew Tilghman Talbot County. 1783 George Plater. St. Mary’s County.™ 1784 John Smith Baltimore County 1789 George Dent Charles County... 1792 William Perry Talbot County. 1793 John Thomas -...St. Mary’s County. 1795 Richard Harwood Anne Arundel County. 1801 * During General Reckord’s absence, May 1941-November 1945, the Acting Adjutant General was General Francis Petrott. MARYLAND MANUAL 391

* William Thomas ..St. Mary’s County 1806 Stephen Lowry..... Queen Anne’s County 1809 fWilliam Thomas..- ..St. Mary’s County. 1810 Elijah Davis ..Harford County 1813 William Spencer. ..Kent County. 1816 William R. Stewart Anne Arundel County. 1821 Edward Lloyd ..Talbot County 1826 William H. Marriott ..Anne Arundel County 1827 Benjamin F. Forest ..Montgomery County 1831 {John G. Chapman ..Charles County. 1835 Richard Thomas ..St, Mary’s County 1836 William Williams ..Somerset County 1844 William L. Gaither. ..Montgomery County 1849 Edward Lloyd Talbot County 1853 William L. Gaither ..Montgomery County. 1854 George Wells. ..Montgomery County. 1856 Edwin H. Webster ..Harford County. 1858 §John B. Brooke. ..Prince George’s County. 1860 Henry H. Goldsborough ...Talbot County. 1861 John Sellman ..Anne Arundel County -....1864 Charles H. Ohr Allegany County 1865 Lieut.-Gov. Christopher C. Cox. ..Baltimore City 1866 Barnes Compton ..Charles County .... 1868 Henry Snyder .Baltimore City 1872 John Lee Carroll ..Howard County 1874 Daniel Fields ..Caroline County 1876 Edward Lloyd ..Talbot County. 1878 Herman Stump, Jr ..Harford County 1880 George Hawkins Williams Baltimore County 1882 Henry Lloyd ..Dorchester County 1884 Edwin Warfield .Howard County 1886 George Peter ..Montgomery County ...... 1888 Robert F. Bratton .Somerset County 1890 Edward Lloyd Talbot County 1892 John Walter Smith ..Worcester County 1894 William Cabell Bruce Baltimore City 1896 John Wirt Randall ..Anne Arundel County...... 1889 John Hubner.— .Baltimore County 1900 Spencer C. Jones Montgomery County. 1904 Joseph B. Seth Talbot County 1906 Arthur P. Gorman . Howard County. 1910 Jesse D. Price Wicomico County. 1912 Peter J. Campbell Baltimore City. 1916 William I. Norris Baltimore Gfty. 1920 David G. McIntosh, Jr Baltimore County. 1924 Walter J. Mitchell .Charles County... 1931 Lansdale G. Sasscer. Prince George’s County. 1935 Arthur H. Brice. ..Kent County 1939 James J. Lindsay Baltimore County 1944 Joseph R. Byrnes Baltimore City 1947 * Also June Session, 1809. f Through May Session, 1813. $ Also May Session, 1836. § Also Extra Session, 1861. 392 MARYLAND MANUAL

SPEAKERS OP THE HOUSE OF DELEGATES Nicholas Thomas.. Talbot County. 1777 William Fitzhugh Calvert County. 1778 Josiah Beall- Prince George’s County. 1780 William Bruff. Queen Anne’s County. 1781 Thomas Cockey Deye Baltimore County... 1782 George Dent. Charles County .1789 Levin Winder... Somerset County 1791 Matthew Tilghman Kent County. 1794 Philip Key. St. Mary’s County. 1795 James Carroll Baltimore County 1797 Henry H. Chapman Charles County 1798 Edward Hall /... Anne Arundel County 1800 Charles Frazier. Queen Anne’s County 1801 Tobias E. Stansbury Baltimore County 1803 Charles Frazier. Queen Anne’s County 1804 Archibald Van Horn Prince George’s County. 1805 Tobias E. Stansbury. Baltimore County. 1806 Levin Winder. Somerset County. 1808 Tobias E. Stansbury Baltimore County. 1809 John C. Herbert... ..Prince George’s County. 1812 Henry H. Chapman .Charles County 1814 Nicholas Stonestreet Charles County 1816 James Brown Queen Anne’s County. 1818 Tobias E. Stansbury Baltimore County. 1819 William H. Marriott Anne Arundel County 1822 Tobias E. Stansbury. Baltimore County 1823 William H. Marriott Anne Arundel County 1824 Benedict I. Semmes Prince George’s County 1825 James W. McCulloh Baltimore County... 1826 John G. Chapman Charles County 1827 Francis Thomas ...Frederick County 1829 Richard Thomas St. Mary’s County. 1830 Thomas Wright. Queen Anne’s County. 1833 William J. Blackistone St. Mary’s County. 1834 Benjamin L. Gantt. Prince George’s County 1835 William H. Luck Prince George’s County. 1837 Charles Sterret Ridgely Anne Arundel County 1838 James W. Williams Harford County. 1839 Charles Sterret Ridgely. Anne Arundel County 1840 John C. Legrand Baltimore County. 1841 Daniel S. Biser Frederick County 1842 William H. Watson Baltimore City. 1843 John G. Chapman Charles County 1844 William S. Waters Somerset County 1845 John P. Kennedy Baltimore County. 1846 William J. Blackistone St. Mary’s County 1847 John R. Franklin Worcester County 1849 Elias Ware Baltimore City 1852 John F. Dent St. Mary’s County ,.1854 William H. Travers Baltimore City 1856 John S. Berry Baltimore County. 1858 E. G. Kilboum Anne Arundel County 1860 John S. Berry .Baltimore County 1862 Thomas H. Kemp Caroline County. 1864 John M. Frazier. Baltimore City 1865 Oliver Miller Anne Arundel County. 1867 MARYLAND MANUAL 393

William A. Stewart ..Baltimore City. 1868 Ferdinand C. Latrobe ...Baltimore City 1870 Arthur P. Gorman. ...Howard County 1872 Jesse K. Hines ...Kent County. J.874 Lewis S. Smith— ...Washington County 1876 Fetter S. Hoblitzell ...Baltimore City... 1878 Hiram McCullough ..Cecil County. 1880 Otis Keilholtz. ..Baltimore City. 1882 J. Pembroke Thom ..Baltimore City.. 1884 Joseph B. Seth ...Talbot County— 1886 George M. Upshur. ...Worcester County. 1888 John Hubner. Baltimore County. 1890 Murray Vandiver... Harford County 1892 James H. Preston Baltimore City 1894 Sydney E. Mudd Charles County 1S96 Louis Schaefer... Baltimore City 1893 Lloyd Wilkinson Worcester County 1900 Noble L. Mitchell Harford County 1902 Dr. George Y. Everhart ..Baltimore County 1904 Carville D. Benson Baltimore County 1906 J. Enos Ray, Jr ..Prince George’s County. 1908 Adam Peeples Cecil County 1910 James McC. Trippe ...Baltimore City. 1912 Philip D. Laird Montgomery County...... 1916 David G. McIntosh ..Baltimore County 1917 Herbert R. Wooden .Carroll County 1918 Millard E. Tydings ..Harford County 1920 John L. G. Lee .Harford County 1922 Francis P. Curtis .Baltimore City 1924 E. Brooke Lee ..Montgomery County. 1927 Francis A. Michel Baltimore City 1931 T. Barton Harrington Baltimore City. 1933 Emanuel Gorfine. Baltimore City. 1935 Thomas E. Conlon Baltimore City. 1939 John S. White .Prince George’s County..... 1944 C. Ferdinand Sybert Howard County 1947 0 JUDGES OF THE COURT OF APPEALS* Benjamin Rumsey, Baltimore County. 1778-1806 Benjamin Mackall 4th, Calvert County. 1778-1806 Thomas Jones, Baltimore County... 1778-1806 Solomon Wright, Queen Anne’s County. -..1778-1792 James Murray, Dorchester County. 1778-1784 Richard Potts, Frederick County. 1801-1806 Littleton Dennis, Somerset County. 1801-1806 Jeremiah Townley Chase, Anne Arundel County 1806-1824 James Tilghman, Queen Anne’s County. 1806-1809 William Polk, Somerset County. : 1Z 1806-1812 Richard Sprigg, Prince George’s County..... ZZZ 1806 Joseph Hopper Nicholson, Baltimore County 1806-1817 John Mackall Gantt, Prince George’s County. 1806-1811 John Buchanan, Washington County. 1806-1844 Richard Tilghman Earle, Queen Anne’s County ZZZ.1809-1834 John Johnson, Prince George’s County. 1811-1821

n deS a1 iudges bl,t a se a P*J £!il - ' ' P ™te list of Chief Judges will be found immedi- 394 MARYLAND MANUAL

John Done, Worcester County.™ ...1812-1814 William Bond Martin, Dorchester County. ....1814-1835 Walter Dorsey, Baltimore County ...1817-1823 John Stephen, Prince George’s County - 1822-1844 Stevenson Archer, Harford County. 1823-1848 Thomas Beale Dorsey, Anne Arundel County 1824-1851 Ezekiel Forman Chambers, Kent- County. — - 1834-1851 Ara Spence, Worcester County. - - - 1835-1851 William B. Stone, Charles County. 1844-1845 Samuel M. Semmes, Allegany County. •■■.■■■ 1844-1845 Alexander Contee Magruder, Prince George’s County. 1844-1851 Robert N. Martin, Frederick County. 1845-1851 William Frick Baltimore County 1848-1851 John Carroll Legrand, Baltimore County. 1851-1861 John Bowers Eccleston, Kent County. .. 1851-1860 William Hallam Tuck, Anne Arundel County 1851-1861 John Thomas Mason, Washington County. ...1851-1857 James Lawrence Bartol, Baltimore City. 1857-1883 Brice John Goldsborough, Dorchester County 1860-1867 Silas Morris Cochran, Baltimore City 1861-1866 Richard Johns Bowie, Montgomery County.. 1861-1867 Daniel Weisel, Washington County 1864-1867 Peter Wood Crain, Charles County. 1867 James Augustus Stewart, Dorchester County 1867-1879 Richard Henry Alvey, Washington County ....1867-1893 Richard Grason, Baltimore County— 1867-1882 John Mitchell Robinson, Queen Anne’s County. ...1867-1896 Oliver Miller, Anne Arundel County.— 1867-1892 Madison Nelson Frederick County. ...1867-1870 George Brent, Charles County. 1867-1881 William Pinkney Maulsby, Frederick County... 1870-1871 Levin Thomas Handy Irving, Somerset County... 1879-1892 John Ritchie, Frederick County. 1881-1887 Daniel Randall Magruder, Calvert County 1881 Frederick Stone, Charles County. 1881-1890 George Yellot, Baltimore County. 1882-1889 William Shepard Bryan, Baltimore City. 1883-1898 James Me Sherry, Frederick County— 1887-1907 David Fowler, Baltimore County 1889-1905 John Parran Briscoe, Calvert County...... 1890-1923 Henry Page, Somerset County .....1892-1908 Charles Boyle Roberts, Carroll County 1892-1899 Andrew Hunter Boyd, Allegany County 1893-1924 George Mitchell Rjssum, Caroline County. 1896-1897 James Alfred Pearce, Kent. County... 1897-1912 Samuel D. Schmucker, Baltimore City. 1898-1911 James A. C. Bond, Carroll County 1899 Isaac Thomas Jones, Howard County. 1899-1907 Nicholas Charles Burke, Baltimore County 1905-1920 John G. Rogers, Howard County ! - 1907 W. Laird Henry, Dorchester County. 1908-1909 William H. Thomas, Carroll County 1907-1924 Glenn H. Worthington, Frederick County 1908-1909 John R. Pattison, Dorchester County. 1909-1934 Hammond Urner, Frederick County 1909-1938 Henry Stockbridge, Baltimore City 1911-1924 Albert Constable, Cecil County .....1912-1919 William H. Adkins, Talbot County. 1919-1934 MARYLAND MANUAL 395

T. Scott Offutt, Baltimore County— 1920-1942 W. Mitchell Digges, Charles County. 1923-1934 Carroll T. Bond, Baltimore City 1924-1943 Francis Neal Parker, Carroll County. 1924-1941 William C. Walsh, Allegany County. 1924-1926 D. Lindley Sloan, Allegany County 1926-1944 Benjamin A. Johnson, Wicomico County. 1934-1943 Wm. Mason Shehan, Talbot County. 1934-1940 Walter J. Mitchell, Charles County - 1934-1941 Edward S. Delaplaine, Frederick County. 1938- Stephen R. Collins, Kent County. 1940- Wm. H. Forsythe, Howard County 1941-1942 Ogle Marbury, Prince George’s County. 1941- Ridgely P. Melvin, Anne Arundel County. 1942-1945 C. Gus Grason, Baltimore County 1942- Levin C. Bailey, Wicomico County 1943-1944 Rowland K. Adams, Baltimore City.. 1943-1944 Walter C. Capper, Allegany County 1944 William L. Henderson, Baltimore City 1944- Charles Markell, Baltimore City 1945- o CHIEF JUDGES Benjamin Rumsey 1778-1806 Jeremiah Townley Chase.. 1806-1824 John Buchanan 1824-1844 Stevenson Archer. .1844-1848 Thomas Beale Dorsey 1848-1851 John Carroll Legrand_ 1851-1861 Richard Johns Bowie 1861-1867 James Lawrence Bartol 1867-1883 Richard Henry Alvey...... 1883-1893 John Mitchell Robinson v 1893-1896 James Me Sherry...... 1896-1907 Andrew Hunter Boyd 1907-1924 Carroll T. Bond 1924-1943 D. Lindley Sloan 1943-1944 Ogle Marbury 1944- ■—-—o——- ATTORNEY GENERALS Luther Martin 1778 William Pinkney 1805 John Thomas Mason 1806 John Johnson 1806 John Montgomery 1811 *Luther Martin 1818 Thomas B. Dorsey 1822 Thomas Kell 1824 Roger B. Taney...... 1827 Josiah Bayley 1831 George R. Richardson 1845 Robert J. Brent 1851 The office of Attorney General was abolished by the Constitution of 1851 but was re-established bv the Constitution of 1864 (Art. V Sec. 1). * During the physical incapacity of Luther Martin, 1820-1822. the Governor appointed Nathaniel Williams Assistant Attorney General to act as Attorney General. 396 MARYLAND MANUAL

Alexander Randall ...1864 Isaac D. Jones ...1867 Andrew K. Syester ...1871 Charles J. M. Gwynn ...1875 Charles B. Roberts ...1883 William Pinkney Whyte. ...1887 John P. Poe ...1891 Harry M. Clabaugh ...1896 George R. Gaither, Jr ...1899 Isidor Rayner. ...1900 William S. Bryan, Jr ...1904 Isaac Lobe Straus ...1908 Edgar Allan Poe ...1912 fAlbert C. Ritchie ...1916 Ogle Marbury. — ...1918 Alexander Armstrong. ...1920 Thomas H. Robinson ...1924 Wm. Preston Lane, Jr ...1930 Herbert R. O’Conor. ...1934 William C. Walsh ...1938 William Curran ...1945 Hall Hammond ...1946 o MARYLAND IN CONGRESS DELEGATES TO THE COLONIAL CONGRESS, 1765 William Murdock Thomas Ringgold Edward Tilghman SIGNERS OF DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 1776 Samuel Chase William Paca Charles Carroll of Carrollton Thomas Stone SIGNERS OR ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, 1781 John Hanson Daniel Carroll SIGNERS OF FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, 1787 James McHenry Daniel Carroll Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer MEMBERS OF THE CONVENTION OF MARYLAND WHICH RATIFIED THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION, APRIL 21-29, 1788* George Plater, President William Harwood, Secretary Annapolis—Nicholas Carroll, Alexander Contee Hanson. Baltimore Town—James McHenry, John Coulter. Anne Arundel County—Jeremiah T. Chase, Samuel Chase, John F. Mercer, Benjamin Harrison. St. Mary’s County—George Plater, Richard Barnes, Charles Chilton, Nicholas L. Sewell. t During Mr. Ritchie’s absence, June 1918-January 1919, the Assistant Attorney General, Mr. Ogle Marbury, became Acting Attorney General. * The names of the Members of the Convention are taken from Phillip A. Growl, “Maryland During and After the Revolution/’ pp. 165-168. MARYLAND MANUAL 397 Kent County—William Tilghman, Donaldson Yates, Isaac Perkins, William Granger. Calvert County—Joseph Wilkinson, Charles Graham, Walter Smith, John Chesley, Jr. Charles County—Zephaniah Turner, Gustavus R. Brown, Michael J. Stone, John Parnham. Somerset County—George Gale, John Stewart, John Gale, Henry Waggaman. Talbot County—Robert Goldsborough, Jr., Edward Lloyd, John Stevens, Jeremiah Banning. Dorchester County—Robert Goldsborough, Sr., Nicholas Hammond, James Shaw, Daniel Sulivane. Baltimore County—Charles Ridgely, Charles Ridgely of William Ed- ward Cockey, Nathan Cromwell. Cecil County—Henry Hollingsworth, James G. Heron, Joseph Gilpin, William Evans. Prince George’s County—Fielder Bowie, George Digges, Osborne Sprigg, Benjamin Hall. Queen Anne’s County—James Tilghman, 3rd, James Hollyday, Wil- liam Hemsley, John Seney. Worcester County—John Done, Peter Chaille, William Morris, James Martin. Frederick County—Thomas Johnson, Thomas Sim Lee, Richard Potts Abraham Faw. Harford County—Luther Martin, William Paca, William Pinkney John Love. Caroline County—William Richardson, Joseph Richardson, Matthew Driver, Peter Edmondson. Washington County—John Stull, Moses Rawlings, Thomas SDrimr Henry Shryock. &’ Montgomery County—Benjamin Edwards, Richard Thomas, Thomas Cramphin, William Deakins, Jr. o THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Robert Alexander William Carmichael ..1775-1777 Charles Carroll of Carrollton ZZZZ'ZZ' ..1778-1780 Daniel Carroll .1776-1778 Jeremiah T. Chase .1780-1784 Samuel Chase .1783-1784 Samuel Chase LZ'Z. .1774-1778 Benjamin Contee .1784-1785 James Forbes1 ZZZZZZZ .1787-1788 Uriah Forrest .1778-1780 Robert Goldsborough .1786-1787 John Hall .1774-1775 John Hall 1775 John Hanson .1783-1784 William Harrison... .1780-1783 William Hemsley .1785-1787 .1782-1784 John Henry. ZZZZZZ .1778-1781 1 Died March 25, 1780. 398 MARYLAND MANUAL

John Henry ...1784-1787 William Hindman ...1784-1787 John E. Howard ...1787-1788 Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. ..1778-1782 Thomas Johnson - ...1774-1777 Thomas Sim Lee ...1783-1784 Edward Lloyd ...1783-1784 James McHenry. ...1783-1786 Luther Martin ...1784-1785 William Paca ...1774-1779 George Plater. ...1778-1781 Richard Potts ...1781-1782 Nathaniel Ramsey. ...1785-1787 Richard Ridgely ...1785-1786 John Rogers ...1775-1776 David Ross.— ...1786-1787 Benjamin Rumsey..- ...1776-1778 Gustavus Scott ...1784-1785 Joshua Seney ...1787-1788 William Smith ...1777-1778 Thomas Stone ...1775-1779 Thomas Stone. ...1784-1785 Matthew Tilghman ...1774-1777 Turbutt Wright ...1781-1782

UNITED STATES SENATE 1789—John Henry, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. 1791—John Henry, Charles Carroll of Carrollton,1 Richard Potts.- 1793—John Henry, Richard Potts. 1795—John Henry, Richard Potts,’ John Eager Howard. 1797—John Henry,5 James Lloyd.6 1799—John E. Howard, James Lloyd,1 William Hindman.’ 1801—John E. Howard, William Hindman, Robert Wright.’ 1803—Robert Wright, Samuel Smith. 1805—Robert. Wright,10 Philip Reed,11 Samuel Smith. 1809—Samuel Smith,12 Philip Reed. 1811—Samuel Smith, Philip Reed. 1813—Samuel Smith, Robert H. Goldsborough. 1 Resigned November 30, 1792. 2 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and took his seat February 4, 1793. 3 Resigned October 24, 1796. 4 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Richard Potts, and took his seat December 27, 1796. 5 Resigned December 10, 1797, having been elected governor. 6 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John Henry, and took his seat January 11, 1798. 7 Resigned December 1, 1800. 8 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James Lloyd, and took his seat December 15, 1800. 9 Elected to fill vacancy in term beginning March 4, 1801, and took his seat December 7, 1801. 10 Resigned in 1806. . . , _ , _ . . . . 11 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Robert Wright, and Atook his seat December 29, 1806. 12 Appointed and subsequently reelected for the term beginning March 4, 1809. 13 Elected for term beginning March 4, 1813, and took his seat May 27, 1813; vacancy in this class from March 4, 1813, to May 12, 1813. MARYLAND MANUAL 399 1815—Robert H. Goldsborough, Robert G. Harper,14 Alexander C Hanson.15 1817—Robert H. Goldsborough, Alexander C. Hanson 19 Alexander C M 17 ls 'f„, ~v nc r 11 8 c1- Hanson,88 William Pinkney, Edward Lloyd looi t£^War5 “ V ; ? *rom March 4, 1819,1 to December 20, 18192 1823—Edward1 coo iij j Hl°yd,Lloyd, WilliamSamuel Pinkney,Smith. ' Samuel Smith. ” mS-Edwardldoyd,21 Ezekiel F. Chambers,"2 Samuel Smith. 1827—Samuel Smith, Ezekiel F. Chambers 1829—Samuel Smith, Ezekiel F. Chambers. 1831—Samuel Smith, Ezekiel F. Chambers C1 berS 0be t 3 835~Rnb^.f H'r ^ ’\^ T l I" Goldsborough - Joseph Kent, isqy-? b b Ge «d^0ughA John S- Spence26 Joseph Kent. ent 28 S ^S e ’ Williama D Merrick,2 John S. Spence. 1841—Williamio4i " D.P ?ce,Merrick, John John L. Kerr, L. Kerr." William D. Merrick. 1843—William D. Merrick, James A. Pearce. 1845'—James A. Pearce, Reverdy Johnson. 1847—James A. Pearce, Reverdy Johnson. 1849—James A.^Pearce, Reverdy Johnson,*1 David Stewart,** Thomas 1851—James A. Pearce, Thomas G. Pratt 1853—James A. Pearce, Thomas G. Pratt. 1855—James A. Pearce, Thomas G. Pratt. 1857 James A. Pearce, Anthony Kennedy. James A. Pearce, Anthony Kennedy. ISeS^^lmnms^HT^kks,**^Rewrdy^johnsom U seat. ElectedFebruary to 5,serve 1816; “from resigned January Decemhor 29, 1816, irir.^to March dS’ 18isoir1’ »>, .ando ^ took Ins, . March 4, 1815, to January 28, 1816 caused bv ainC^ i1^ thls c*ass ^r0Hi 15 Elected to fill vacancy ca;sed bV rrgnatJon orLb rtga ^re t0 his seat January 2, 1817. 01 KobeTte Harper, and took 36 Died April 23, 1819. hi/s^rjatuar/i1, '™7 by death °f C. Hanson, and took MarCh 4' 1819’ and ,0°k his December 27, Decembered17!0lfl822:aCanCy Ca,’Sed by df Edward Lloyd, and took bis Ca23 Resigned in 1834. E cted to took his^? seat , JanuaryT vacancy 23, 1835. caused by resignation6 UIof Ezekiel■c'zeKiei F. Chambers, and 25 Died October 5, 1836. E1 cted fll1 took his. ? seat January vacancy 11, 1837. caused by the death of *vooertRobert n.H Goldsborough. and 27 Died November 24, 1837. January‘I3 ISSS®11 VaC!mCy CaUSCd by death of JosePh and took his seat 19 Died October 24, 1840. January^, VaCan°y Ca"Sed by d°ath of John «. Spence, and took his seat 31 Resigned March 7, 1849. his^tToecembe/s, ImIT7 Ca”Sed by resigna‘i<1“ <>' Keverdy Johnson, and took seat Jaenuldry^dI1iV5CoanCy CaUSed by resi^ation of Reverdy Johnson, and took bis 34 Died December 20,8 1862. Appointed to fill vacancy caused bv death nf in moo * t> seat January 14, 1863. 7 a earn of James A. Pearce, and took his 36 Died February 14, 1865. 400 MARYLAND MANUAL

1865—Reverdy Johnson, John A. J. Creswell.” 1867—Reverdy Johnson,38 William Pinkney Whyte,39 George Vickers. 1869—George Vickers, William T. Hamilton. 1871—George Vickers, William T. Hamilton. 1873—William T. Hamilton, George R. Dennis. 1876— George R. Dennis, William Pinkney Whyte. 1877— George R. Dennis, William Pinkney Whyte. 1879—William Pinkney Whyte, James B. Groome. 1881—James B. Groome, Arthur Pue Gorman. 1883—James B. Groome, Arthur Pue Gorman. 1885—Arthur Pue Gorman, Ephraim K. Wilson. 1887—Arthur Pue Gorman, Ephraim K. Wilson. 1889—Arthur Pue Gorman, Ephraim K. Wilson." 1891—Arthur Pue Gorman, Charles H. Gibson.42 1893—Arthur Pue Gorman, Charles H. Gibson. 1895—Arthur Pue Gorman, Charles H. Gibson. 1897—A.rthur Pue Gorman, George L. Wellington. 1899—George L. Wellington, Louis E. McComas. 1901—George L. Wellington, Louis E. McComas. 1903—Louis E. McComas, Arthur Pue Gorman. 1905—Arthur Pue Gorman,43 William Pinkney Whyte," Isidor Rayner. 1907—Isidor Rayner, William Pinkney Whyte,45 John Walter Smith.4’ 1909—Isidor Rayner, John Walter Smith. 1911—Isidor Rayner,47 William P. Jackson.13 1913—John Walter Smith, William P. Jackson, Blair Lee.49 1915—John Walter Smith, Blair Lee. 1917—John Walter Smith, Joseph I. France. 1919—John Walter Smith, Joseph I. France. 1921—Joseph I. France, Ovington E. Weller. 1923—Ovigton E. Weller, William Cabell Bruce. 1925—Ovington E. Weller, William Cabell Bruce. 37 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Thomas H. Hicks, in preceding Con- gress, and took his seat December 4, 1865. 38 Resigned July 10, 1868. 39 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Reverdy Johnson, and took his seat July 14, 1868. 40 Elected for term beginning March 4, 1867, and took his seat March 9, 1868. The credentials of Philip F.'Thomas. Senator-elect, were presented March 18, 1867, but he was not permitted to qualify; on February 19, 1868, the Senate adopted a resolution that he was not entitled to qualify as he had “voluntarily given aid. countenance, and encouragement to persons engaged in armed hostility to the United States.” 41 Died February 24, 1891; had been reelected for the term beginning March 4, 1893. 42 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Ephraim K. Wilson, in preceding Congress, and took his seat December 7, 1891; subsequently elected; vacancy in this class from February 25 to November 18, 1891. 43 Died June 4, 1906. 44 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of Arthur Pue Gorman, and took his seat June 11, 1906; subsequently elected. 45 Died March 17, 1908. ^ ^ , 4S Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of William Pinkney Whyte, and took his seat March 26, 1908. 47 Died November 25, 1912. _ • a t> ^ * i t,- * 48 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of IsidorT Rayner, and took his seat December 3, 1912. i t .e t -j t> 49 Elected on November 4, 1913, to fill vacancy caused by death of Isidor Rayner (in preceding Congress) ; credentials were presented on December 5, 1913, and referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections, and pending report he did not attempt to qualify; on January 19, 1914, a resolution was reported to the effect that he had been legally elected and was entitled to the seat; on January 28, 1914, the Senate adopted the resolution and he took his seat the same day. This was the first election by popular vote held pursuant to the seventeenth amendment to the Constitution. MARYLAND MANUAL 401

1927—William Cabell Bruce, Millard E. Tydings. 1929—Millard E. Tydings, Phillips Lee Goldsborough. 1931—Millard E. Tydings, Phillips Lee Goldsborough. 1933—Millard E. Tydings, Phillips Lee Goldsborough. 1935—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1937—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1939—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1941—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1943—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1945—Millard E. Tydings, George L. RadclifFe. 1947—Millard E. Tydings, Herbert R. O’Conor.

•o-

PRESENT UNITED STATES SENATORS Millard E. Tydings (D) Havre de Grace 1951 Herbert R. O’Conor (D) Baltimore 1953

RESULTS OF SENATORIAL ELECTIONS, 1913-1946 1913— Blair Lee (D) .112,485 Montgomery County. Thomas Parran (R) Calvert County. 73,300 1914— John Walter Smith.110,204 (D) Worcester County. Edward C. Carrington, Jr. (R) ..Baltimore City. 94,864 1916—Joseph I. France (R) Cecil County. .113,662 David J. Lewis (D) Allegany County .109,740 1920—Ovington E. Weller (R) Baltimore City .184,999 John Walter Smith (D).. Worcester County. .169,200 1922—William Cabell Bruce (D) Baltimore County...... 160,947 Joseph I. France (R) Cecil County. .139,581 1926—Millard E. Tydings (D) Harford County. .195,410 Ovington E. Weller (Rj. Baltimore City. .140,695 1928—Phillips Lee Goldsborough (R)...Baltimore City ..256,224 William Cabell Bruce (D) Baltimore County ..214,447 1932—Millard E. Tydings (D) Harford County ..293,389 Wallace Williams (R) Cecil County. .138,536 1934—George L. RadclifFe (D) Baltimore City ...264,279 Joseph I. France (R) Cecil County .197,643 1938—Millard E. Tydings (D) Harford County. ...357,245 Oscar Leser (R) Baltimore City. ...153,253 1940—George L. RadclifFe (D) Baltimore City. ...394,239 Harry W. Nice (R) Baltimore City. ...203,912 1945— Millard E. Tydings...344,725 (D) Harford County. Blanchard Randall, Jr. (R) Baltimore City. ...213,705 1946— Herbert R. O’Conor...229,776 (D^ Baltimore City. David John Markey (RL Frederick County...... 228,152 PENNSYLVANIA 402 MARYLAND MANUAL

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS MARYLAND MANUAL 403

Map Explanation: Maryland Congressional Districts

The boundaries of the districts are as follows: The First District is composed of Worcester, Somerset, Wicomico, Dorchester, Talbot, Queen Anne’s, Caroline, Kent and Cecil Counties.

The Second District is composed of Harford, Carroll and Baltimore Counties and the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth and the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixtn and Seventh Precincts of the Twenty-fifth Ward of Baltimore City.

The Third District is composed of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Twenty-second Wards, and the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Precincts of the Eighteenth Ward of Baltimore City.

The Fourth District is composed of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Seventeenth, Nineteenth and Twen- tieth Wards, and the First, Second and Third Precnicts of the Eight- eenth Ward of Baltimore City.

The Fifth District is composed of the Twenty-first, Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Wards, the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Precincts of the Eighteenth Ward, and the Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth and Thir- teenth Precincts of the Twenty-fifth Ward of Baltimore City, and St. Mary’s, Charles, Calvert, Prince George’s, Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

The Sixth District is composed of Allegany, Garrett, Washington, Frederick and Montgomery Counties. 404 MARYLAND MANUAL

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1789—Daniel Carroll, Benjamin Contee, George Gale, Joshua Seney, William Smith, Michael Jenifer Stone. 1791—Philip Key, William Pinkney,1 John Francis Mercer,3 William Vans Murray, Joshua Seney,3 William Hindman,4 Upton Sheridine, Samuel Sterett. 1793—Gabriel Christie, George Dent, John F. Mercer,5 Gabriel Duval,' William Vans Murray, Uriah Forrest,7 Benjamin Ed- wards,8 William Hindman, Samuel Smith, Thomas Sprigg. 1795—Gabriel Christie, Jeremiah Crabb,8 William Craik," Gabriel Duval,11 Richard Sprigg, Jr.,12 George Dent, William Hind- man, Samuel Smith, Thomas Sprigg, William Vans Murray. 1797—George Baer, Jr., William Craik, John Dennis, George Dent, William Hindman, William Matthews, Samuel Smith, Richard Sprigg, Jr. 1799—George Baer, Gabriel Christie, William Craik, George Dent, John Dennis, Joseph Nicholson, Samuel Smith, John C. Thomas. 1801—John Archer, John Campbell, John Dennis, Daniel Hiester, Joseph Nicholson, Thomas Plater, Samuel Smith, Richard Sprigg, Jr.,13 Walter Bowie.14 1803—John Archer, Walter Bowie, John Campbell, John Dennis Nicholas R. Moore, William McCreery, Daniel Hiester,11 Roger Nelson,16 Joseph H. Nicholson, Thomas Plater. 1805—John Archer, John Campbell, Leonard Covington, Joseph H. Nicholson,17 Edward Lloyd,18 Patrick Magruder, William McCreery, Nicholas R. Moore, Roger Nelson, Charles Goldsborough. 1 Resigned in November, 1791, the question of ineligibility owing to his residence being raised. 2 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of William Pinkney, and took his seat February 6, 1792. 3 Resigned May 1, 1792. 4 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Joshua Seney, and took his seat January 30, 1793. 5 Resigned April 13, 1794. 6 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John F. Mercer, and took his seat November 1, 1794. 7 Resigned November 8, 1794. 8 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Uriah Forrest, and took his seat January 2, 1795. 9 Resigned in 1796. 10 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Jeremiah Crabb, and took his seat December 5, 1796. 11 Resigned March 28, 1796, having been elected judge of the Supreme Court of Maryland. 12 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Gabriel Duval, and took his seat May 5, 1796. 13 Resigned February 11, 1802. 14 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Richard Sprigg Jr and took his seat March 24, 1802. 15 Died March 7, 1804. 16 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Daniel Hiester, and took his seat November 6, 1804. 17 Resigned March 1, 1806. 18 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Joseph H. Nicholson, and took his seat December 3, 1806. MARYLAND MANUAL 405

1807—John Campbell, Charles Goldsborough, Philip Key,” Edward Lloyd, William McCreery,” John Montgomery, Nicholas R. Moore, Roger Nelson, Archibald Van Home. 1809—John Brown,21 Robert Wright,22 John Campbell, Charles Golds- borough, Philip B. Key, Alexander McKim, John Mont- gomery, Nicholas R. Moore, Roger Nelson,23 Samuel Ring- gold,24 Archibald Van Home. 1811—Charles Goldsborough, Joseph Kent, Philip B. Key, Peter Little, Alexander McKim, John Montgomery,25 Stevenson Archer,26 Samuel Ringgold, Philip Stuart, Robert Wright.27 1813—Stevenson Archer, Charles Goldsborough, Alexander C. Hanson, Joseph Kent, Alexander McKim, Nicholas R. Moore, Sam- uel Ringgold, Philip Stuart, Robert Wright. 1815—Stevenson Archer, George Baer, Charles Goldsborough, John C. Herbert, William Pinkney,28 Peter Little,29 Alexander C. Hanson,30 George Peter,31 Nicholas R. Moore,32 Samuel Smith,33 Philip Stuart, Robert Wright. 1817—Thomas Bayly, Thomas Culbreth, John C. Herbert, Peter Little, George Peter, Philip Reed, Samuel Ringgold, Sam- uel Smith, Philip Stuart. 1819—Stevenson Archer, Thomas Bayly, Thomas Culbreth, Joseph Kent, Peter Little, Raphael Neale, Samuel Ringgold, Samuel Smith, Henry R. Warfield. 1821—Thomas Bayly, Jeremiah Cosden,34 Philip Reed,35 Joseph Kent, Peter Little, Raphael Neale, John Nelson, Samuel Smith,36 Isaac McKim,37 Henry R. Warfield, Robert Wright. 1823—William Heyward, Jr., Joseph Kent, John Lee, Peter Little, Isaac McKim,38 George E. Mitchell, Raphael Neale, John S. Spence, Henry Warfield. 19 Election was questioned upon the grounds that he was not a resident of the district from which elected and that he was a British pensioner; a resolution de- claring him entitled to his seat was passed by a vote of 57 to 52, March 18, 1808. 20 Election unsuccessfully contested by Joshua Barney. 21 Resigned in 1810, before the commencement of the Twelfth Congress, to which he had been elected. 22 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of John Brown, and took his seat December 3, 1810. 23 Resigned May 14, 1810. 24 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Roger Nelson, and took his seat December 7, 1810. 25 Resigned April 29, 1811, before Congress assembled. 26 Elected to fill vacancy caused J>y resignation of John Montgomery, and took his seat November 4, 1811. 27 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Representative-elect John Brown, in preceding Congress. 28 Resigned April 18, 1816, having been appointed minister to Russia. 29 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of William Pinkney, and took his seat December 2, 1816. 30 Resigned in 1816. 81 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Alexander C. Hanson, and took his seat December 2, 1816. 32 Resigned in 1815, before Conrgess assembled. 33 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Nicholas R. Moore, and took his seat February 4, 1816. 34 Served until March 19, 1822; succeeded by Philip Reed, who contested his election. 35 Successfully contested the election of Jeremiah Cosden, and took his seat March 19, 1822. 36 Resigned December 17, 1822, before the commencement of the Eighteenth Con- gress, to which he had been elected, having been elected Senator. 37 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Samuel Smith, and took his seat January 8, 1823. 38 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Representative-elect Samuel Smith, in preceding Congress. 406 MARYLAND MANUAL

1825—John Barney, Clement Dorsey, Joseph Kent,3' John C. Weems," John L. Kerr, Peter Little, Robert N. Martin, George E. Mitchell, George Peter, Thomas C. Worthington. 1827'—John Barney, Clement Dorsey, Levin Gale, John L. Kerr, Peter Little, Michael C. Sprigg, George C. Washington, John C. Weems, Ephraim K. Wilson. 1829—Elias Brown, Clement Dorsey, Benjamin C. Howard, George E. Mitchell, Benedict J. Semmes, Richard Spencer, Michael C. Sprigg, George C. Washington, Ephraim K. Wilson. 1831—Benjamin C. Howard, Daniel Jenifer, John L. Kerr, George E. Mitchell,41 Charles S. Sewall,42 Benedict J. Semmes, John S. Spence, Francis Thomas, George C. Washington, John T. H. Worthington. 1833—Richard B. Carmichael, Littleton P. Dennis,43 John N. Steele,44 James P. Heath, William Cost Johnson, Isaac McKim, John T. Stoddert, Francis Thomas, James Turner. 1835—John N. Steele, James A. Pearce, James Turner, Benjamin C. Howard, Isaac McKim, George C. Washington, Francis Thomas, Daniel Jenifer. 1837—John Dennis, James A. Pearce, John T. H. Worthington, Ben- jamin C. Howard, Isaac McKim,45 John P. Kennedy,44 William Cost Johnson, Francis Thomas, Daniel Jenifer. 1839—John Dennis, Philip F. Thomas, John T. H. Worthington, Solomon Hillen, Jr., James Carroll, William Cost Johnson, Francis Thomas, Daniel Jenifer. 1841—Isaac D. Jones, James A. Pearce, James W. Williams,41 Charles S. Sewall,48 John P. Kennedy, Alexander Randall, William Cost. Johnson, John T. Mason, Augustus R. Sollers. 1843—John M. S. Causin, Francis Brengle, John Wethered, John P. Kennedy, Jacob A. Preston, Thomas A. Spence. 1845—John G. Chapman, Albert Constable, William F. Giles, Thomas W. Ligon, Edward H. C. Long, Thomas J. Perry. 1847—John G. Chapman, J. Dixon Roman, Thomas W. Ligon, Robert M. McLane, Alexander Evans, John W. Crisfield. 1849—Richard J. Bowie, William T. Hamilton, Edward Hammond Robert M. McLane, Alexander Evans, John B. Kerr. 1851—Richard J. Bowie, William T. Hamilton, Edward Hammond Thomas Yates Walsh, Alexander Evans, Joseph s! Cottman. 1853—John R. Franklin, Jacob Shower, Joshua Vansant, Henry Mav William T. Hamilton, Augustus R. Sollers. 39 Resigned January 6, 1826, having been elected governor. 10 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Josenh Kent, and took his seat February 7, 1826. 41 Died June 28. 1832. “Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of George E, Mitchell, and took his seat December 3. 1832. 43 Died April 14, 1834. seat Junle9 *1834 TaCanCy Callsed by death of Litton P. Dennis, and took his 45 Died April 1, 1838. April. “.peotedto oO, 1838. vacancy caused by death of Isaac McKim, and took his seat 47 Died December 2, 1842. seal JanuaV^^dT31107 CaUSe'i ^ death °f JameS W’ Wiliiams’ and took his MARYLAND MANUAL 407

1855—James A. Stewart, James B. Ricaud, J. Morrison Harris, H. Winter Davis, Henry W. Hoffman, Thomas F. Bowie. 1857—James A. Stewart, James B. Ricaud, J. Morrison Harris," H. Winter Davis,10 Jacob M. Kunkel, Thomas F. Bowie. 1859-—James A. Stewart, Edwin H. Webster, J. Morrison Harris,51 H. Winter Davis,52 Jacob M. Kunkel, George W. Hughes. 1861—Charles B. Calvert, John W. Crisfield, Cornelius L. L. Leary, Henry May, Francis Thomas, Edwin H. Webster. 186.1—John A. J. Creswell, Henry Winter Davis, Benjamin G. Harris, Francis Thomas, Edwin H. Webster. 1865—Hiram McCullough, Edwin H. Webster,53 John L. Thomas, Jr.,51 Charles E. Phelps, Francis Thomas, Benjamin G. Harris. 1867—Hiram McCullough, Stevenson Archer, Charles E. Phelps, Francis Thomas, Frederick Stone. 1869—Samuel Hambleton, Stevenson Archer, Thomas Swann, Patrick Hamill, Frederick Stone. 1871—Samuel Hambleton, Stevenson Archer, Thomas Swann, John Ritchie, William M. Merrick. 1873—Ephraim K. Wilson, Stevenson Archer, William J. O’Brien, Thomas Swann, William J. Albert, Lloyd Lowndes, Jr. 1875—Philip F. Thomas, Charles B. Roberts, William J. O’Brien, Thomas Swann, Eli J. Henkle, William Walsh. 1877—Daniel M. Henry, Charles B. Roberts, William Kimmel, Thomas Swann, Eli J. Henkle, William Walsh. 1879—Daniel M. Henry, J. Fred C. Talbott, Robert M. McLane, Eli J. Henkle, Milton G. Umer. 1881—George W. Covington, J. Fred Talbot, Fetter S. Hoblitzell, Rob- ert M. McLane, Andrew G. Chapman, Milton G. Urner. 1883—George W. Covington, J. Fred C. Talbott, Fetter S. Hoblitzell, John V. L. Findlay, Hart B. Holton, Louis E. McComas. 1885—Charles H. Gibson, Frank T. Shaw, William H. Cole,55 Harry W. Rusk,56 John V. L. Findlay, Barnes Compton, Louis E. McComas. 1887—Charles H. Gibson, Frank T. Shaw, Harry W. Rusk, Isidor Rayner, Barnes Compton, Louis E. McComas. 1889—Charles H. Gibson, Herman Stump, Harry W. Rusk, Henry Stockbridge, Jr., Barnes Compton,51 Sydney E. Mudd,55 Louis E. McComas. 1891—Henry Page,59 John B. Brown,60 Herman Stump, Harry W. Rusk, Isidor Rayner, Barnes Compton, William M. McKaig. 49 Election unsuccessfully contested by William Pinkney Whyte. 60 Election unsuccessfully contested by Henry P. Brooks. 51 Election unsuccessfully contested by William P. Preston. B2 Election unsuccessfully contested by William Or. Harrison. 03 Resigned in July, 1865, before Congress assembled, to become collector of the port of Baltimore. M Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Edwin H. Webster, and took his seat December 4, 1865. 65 Died July 8, 1886. 66 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of William H. Cole, and took his seat December 6, 1886. 67 Served until March 20, 1890; succeeded by Sydney E. Mudd, who contested his election. 68 Successfully contested the election of Barnes Compton, and took his seat March 20, 1890. 69 Resigned September 3, 1892, having been appointed judge of first judicial district of Maryland. 408 MARYLAND MANUAL

1893—Robert F. Bratton,61 W. Laird Henry,62 J. Fred C. Talbott, Harry W. Rusk, Isidor Rayner, Barnes Compton,63 Charles E. Coffin,64 William M. McKaig. 1895—Joshua W. Miles, William B. Baker, Harry W. Rusk,93 John K. Cowen, Charles E. Coffin, George L. Wellington. 1897—Isaac A. Barber, William B. Baker, William S. Booze, William W. Mclntire, Sydney E. Mudd, John McDonald. 1899—John W. Smith,66 Josiah L. Kerr,61 William B. Baker, Frank C. Wachter, James W. Denny, Sidney E. Mudd. 1901—William H. Jackson, Albert A. Blakeney, Frank C. Wachter, Charles Schirm, Sydney E. Mudd, George A. Pearre. 1903—William H. Jackson, J. Fred C. Talbott, Frank C. Wachter, James W. Denny, Sydney E. Mudd, George A. Pearre. 1905—Thomas A. Smith, J. Fred. C. Talbott, Frank C. Wachter, John Gill, Jr., Sydney E. Mudd, George A. Pearre. 1907—William H. Jackson, J. Fred. C. Talbott, Harry B. Wolf, John Gill, Jr., Sydney E. Mudd, George A. Pearre. 1909—J. Harry Covington, J. Fred. C. Talbott, John Kronmiller, John Gill, Jr., Sydney E. Mudd, George A. Pearre. 1911—J. Harry Covington, J. Fred. C. Talbott, George Konig, J. Charles Linthicum, Thomas Parran, David J. Lewis. 1913—J. Harry Covington,68 Jesse D. Price,69 J. Fred. C. Talbott, George Konig,10 Charles P. Coady,11 J. Charles Linthicum, Frank O. Smith, David J. Lewis. 1915—Jesse D. Price, J. Fred. C. Talbott, Charles P. Coady, J. Charles Linthicum, Sydney E. Mudd. 1917—Jesse D. Price, J. Fred. C. Talbott,12 Carville D. Benson,13 Charles P. Coady, J. Charles Linthicum, Sydney E. Mudd, Frederick N. Zihlman. 1919—William N. Andrews, Carville D. Benson, Charles P. Coady, J. Charles Linthicum, Sydney E. Mudd, Frederick n! Zihlman. 1921—T. Alan Goldsborough, Albert A. Blakeney, John Philip Hill, J. Charles Linthicum, Sydney E. Mudd, Frederick N. Zihlman. 60 Elected to All vacancy caused by resignation of Henry Page, and took his seat December 5, 1892. 61 Died May 10, 1894. 62 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Robert P. Bratton, and took his seat December 3, 1894. 63 Resigned, effective May 15, 1894. « Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Barnes Compton, and took his seat December 3, 1894. 65 Election unsuccessfully contested by William S. Booze. 66 Resigned January 12, 1900. seat ^December ^ resiSnation of John W. Smith, and took his 68 Resigned September 30, 1914. his"9seat° December 7™. ^ resiâtion ol J- Covington, and took 10 Died May 81, 1913. Novembe^leîgiV'''1031107 CaUSed by death °f Ge°rge Konig’ and took his seat 72 Died October 5, 1918. NovembOTlS^m'ls';8081105' CaUSed by death °f Pred C- Talbott’ antl took his ât MARYLAND MANUAL 409

1923—T. Alan Goldsborough, Millard E. Tydings, John Philip Hill, J. Charles Linthicum, Sydney E. Mudd,'* Stephen W. Gambrill,75 Frederick N. Zihlman. 1926— T. Alan Goldsborough, Millard E. Tydings, John Philip Hill, J. Charles Linthicum, Stephen W. Gambrill, Frederick N. Zihlman. 1927— T. Alan Goldsborough, William P. Cole, Jr., Vincent L. Pal- misano, J. Charles Linthicum, Stephen W. Gambrill, Fred- erick N. Zihlman. 1929—T. Alan Goldsborough, Linwood L. Clark, Vincent L. Pal- misano,™ J. Charles Linthicum, Stephen W. Gambrill, Frederick N. Zihlman. 1931—T. Alan Goldsborough, William P. Cole, Jr., Vincent L. Pal- misano, J. Charles Linthicum,77 Ambrose J. Kennedy,7* Stephen W. Gambrill, David J. Lewis. 1933__T. Alan Goldsborough, William P. Cole, Jr., Vincent L. Palmisano, Ambrose J. Kennedy, Stephen W. Gambrill, David J. Lewis. 1935—T. Alan Goldsborough, William P. Cole, Jr., Vincent L. Palmisano, Ambrose J. Kennedy, Stephen W. Gambrill, David J. Lewis. 1937—T. Alan Goldsborough, William P. Cole, Jr., Vincent L. Palmisano, Ambrose J. Kennedy, Stephen W. Gambrill,79 David J. Lewis. 1939—T. Alan Goldsborough,80 David J. Ward,81, William P. Cole, Jr., Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., Ambrose J. Kennedy, Lansdale G. Sasscer,82 William D. Byron. 1941—David J. Ward, William P. Cole, Jr.,83 Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., John A. Meyer, Lansdale G. Sasscer, William D. Byron,*4 Katherine E. Byron.85 1943—David J. Ward, H. Street! Baldwin, Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., Daniel Ellison, Lansdale G. Sasscer, J. Glenn Beall. 1945—Dudley G. Roe, H. Street! Baldwin, Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr.,89 George H. Fallon, Lansdale G. Sasscer, J. Glenn Beall. 1947—Edward T. Miller, Hugh A. Meade, Edward A. Garmatz,” George H. Fallon, Lansdale G. Sasscer, J. Glenn Beall. 74 Died October 11, 1924. 75 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Sydney E. Mudd, and took his seat December 1, 1924. 76 Election unsuccessfully contested by John P. Hill. 77 Died October 5, 1932. 78 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of J. Charles Linthicum, and took his seat December 5, 1932. 79 Died December 19, 1938, before the commencement of the Seventy-sixth Con- gress, to which he had been reelected; vacancy throughout remainder of the Congress. 80 Resigned April 5, 1939, having been appointed as associate justice of the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. 81 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of T. Alan Goldsborough, and took his seat June 13, 1939. 82 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Representative-elect Stephen W. Gambrill in preceding Congress, and took his seat February 16, 1939. 83 Resigned October 26. 1942; vacancy throughout remainder of the Congress. 84 Died February 27, 1941. 85 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of her husband, William B. Bryon, and took her seat June 11, 1941. 88 Resigned May 16, 1947, having been elected Mayor of Baltimore. 87 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Thomas D’Alesandro, Jr., and took his seat July 24, 1947. 410 MARYLAND MANUAL

PRESENT UNITED STATES CONGRESSMEN Edward T. Miller (R) Easton First Hugh A. Meade (D) Baltimore Second Edward A. Garmatz (D) Baltimore ...Third George H. Fallon (D) Baltimore Fourth Lansdale G. Sasscer (D) Upper Marlboro Fifth J. Glenn Beall (R) Frostburg Sixth Miscellaneous Information

CONTENTS Legal Holidays 413 Names and Origin of Counties 413 Court Terms 416 Incorporated Towns — 418 Area 423 Population—Census of 1940 -— 423 Estimated Population, 1947 433 Battle Flags 433 Newspapers 437 Radio Stations 440

MARYLAND MANUAL 413

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

LEGAL HOLIDAYS 1. Fixed January 1 New Year’s Day February 12 Lincoln’s Birthday February 22 Washington’s Birthday March 25. Maryland Day May 30 Decoration Day July 4... I Independence Day September 12 Defenders’ Day October 12 Columbus Day November 11 Armistice Day December 25 ...Christmas Day Should any of the dates listed above fall on a Sunday, the holiday is observed on the following Monday, with the single exception of February 12, Lincoln’s Birthday. 2. Movable The Friday before Easter Day. Good Friday The first Monday in September. Labor Day All days of General and Congressional Elections. AH special days that may be appointed or recommended by the Governor of Maryland or the President of the United States. 3. Saturdays It is lawful for banks in Maryland to close their doors at twelve o’clock noon on every Saturday of the year. After twelve o’clock noon, Saturday is a legal holiday. This does not apply in the following counties: Baltimore, Caroline, Howard, and Talbot. (1947 Supple- ment to the Annotated Code of Public General Laws, Art. 13, Sec. 11). Special Observances Resolutions of the General Assembly have authorized the Governor to proclaim special “Days” as follows: Republic of Lithuania Day (Res. No. 8, 1935) February 16 Arbor Day (Res. No. 7, 1894J One day in April General Pulaski Memorial Day (Res. No. 5, 1931) October 11 Republic of Czechoslovakia Day (Res. No. 3, 1935) October 28 Frederick County Only Repudiation Day: After twelve o’clock noon, November 23 is a legal bank half-holiday (Ch. 510, Acts 1894).

NAME AND ORIGIN OF COUNTIES ALLEGANY The name is from the Indian word Oolikhanna meaning “Beautiful Stream.” It was erected bv an Act of Assembly, Chapter 29, Acts of 1789. The County seat is Cumberland. 414 MARYLAND MANUAL

ANNE ARUNDEL This county was named for the Lady Anne Arundel, wife of Cecil- ius, Second Lord Baltimore and founder of the Colony. It owes its origin to an Act of Assembly, Chapter 8, Acts of 1650. The County seat is Annapolis, which is also the Capital of the State. BALTIMORE CITY The existence of Baltimore City as a distinct governmental unit was provided for by the Constitutional Convention of 1850 when it was separated from Baltimore County. The name is that of the Pro- prietary’s Irish Barony. BALTIMORE The name of this County, like that of Baltimore City, derives from the name of the Proprietary’s Irish Barony. Its legal origin is not known, but it was surely in existence by January 12, 1659/60 when a writ was issued to the sheriff of the County. The County seat is Towson. CALVERT This County takes its name from the family name of the Propri- etary. It was established by an Order in Council of 1654 (called Patuxent County until 1658). The County seat is Prince Frederick. CAROLINE The sister of the last Lord Baltimore, Lady Caroline Calvert, gave her name to this County. It owes its existence to Chapter 6 of the Acts of Assembly of 1773. The County seat is Denton. CARROLL This County was named for the distinguished Revolutionary statesman, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. It was erected by Chapter 19 of the Acts of 1836. The County seat is Westminster. CECIL Named for Cecilius, Second Lord Baltimore and founder of the Colony. This County was erected in 1674 by Proclamation of the Governor. The County seat is Elkton. CHARLES Named for Charles Calvert, son and heir of Cecilius, Second Lord Baltimore. It owes its origin to an Order in Council of 1658. It is not to be confused with an earlier Charles County, known as Old Charles County. The County seat is La Plata. DORCHESTER Named for Earl Dorset, a family friend of the Calverts. The exact date and the legal origin of the County are unknown, but it was certainly in existence by February 16, 1668/69 when a writ was issued to the sheriff of the county. The County seat is Cambridge. FREDERICK This county was named for Frederick Calvert who became sixth and last Lord Baltimore, or Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, or Frederick the Great. It was created by Chapter 15, Acts of 1748. The County seat is Frederick. MARYLAND MANUAL 415

GARRETT Named for John \V. Garrett, industrialist and financier. It was created by Chapter 212 of the Acts of 1872. The County seat is Oakland. HARFORD Named for Henry Harford, last Proprietary. He was a son of Frederick, sixth Lord Baltimore, but because of his illegitimate birth did not inherit the title. It was erected by Chapter 10 of the Acts of 1773. The County seat is Bel Air. HOWARD Named for John Eager Howard, soldier and statesman. The county was created in 1851 by Article VIII, Section 1 of the Constitution of that year. The County seat is Ellicott City. KENT This county derives its name from the English county of the same name. It was erected by order of the Governor in 1642. The County seat is Chestertown. MONTGOMERY Named for the Revolutionary General, Richard Montgomery. The county was created by the Constitutional Convention of 1776. The County seat is Rockville. PRINCE GEORGE’S Named for Prince George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne. This County was erected by Chapter 13, Acts of 1695. The County seat is Upper Marlboro. QUEEN ANNE’S This county is named for Queen Anne. It was erected in 1706 by Chapter 3 of the Acts of 1706. The County seat is Centreville. ST. MARY’S Named in honor of the Virgin Mary. The Ark and the Dove landed on Annunciation Day. This was the first county erected in Maryland —the date being 1637. The form of its erection was an order of the Governor. The County seat is Leonardtown. SOMERSET Named after Mary Somerset, sister of Cecilius, Second Lord Balti- more. It was created by an Order in Council of 1666. The County seat is Princess Anne. TALBOT Named after Grace Talbot, sister of Cecilius, Second Lord Balti- more. The form of the creation of this county is not known, but it was probably by virtue of an order of the Governor in Council. It was certainly in existence by February 18, 1661/62 when a writ was issued to the sheriff. The County seat is Easton. WASHINGTON Named for George Washington. The county owes its creation to the Constitutional Convention of 1776. The County seat is Hagers- town. 416 MARYLAND MANUAL

WICOMICO Named after the river of that name, from the Indian words for house (wicko) and building (mekee), apparently referring to an Indian town on the banks of the river. Provision for the creation of this county was made by the Constitution of 1867 (Article XIII, Sections 2-6). The County seat is Salisbury. WORCESTER Named after the Earl of Worcester. Created by Chapter 14 of the Acts of 1742. The County seat is Snow Hill.

COURT TERMS ALLEGANY— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in January and October, second Monday in April; non-jury, first Thursday in July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday and Friday. ANNE ARUNDEL— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in April and October; non- jury, third Monday in January and July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday and two Thursdays if necessary. BALTIMORE CITY— Terms of all Courts fixed by the Supreme Bench; present terms, second Monday in January, May, and September. BALTIMORE— Circuit Court—Jury (law), first Monday in March, third Monday in May, third Monday in September, first Monday in December; (equity), first Monday in January, March, May, July, Septem- ber, and November. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thurs- day. CALVERT— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in May and second Monday in November; non-jury, first Monday in July and February. Orphans’ Court Days—Second and fourth Tuesday of every month. CAROLINE— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in April and October; non- jury, second Monday in January and fourth Monday in June. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. CARROLL— Circuit Court—Jury, second Monday in February, May, and November; non-jury, second Monday in August. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Monday and Tuesday. MARYLAND MANUAL 417

CECIL— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in March, third Monday in September, and second Monday in December; non-jury, third Monday in June. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Wednesday. CHARLES— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in May and November; non- jury, third Monday in February and July. Orphans’ Court Days—First and third Tuesday in every month. DORCHESTER— Circuit Court—Jury, fourth Monday in April, fourth Monday in October; non-jury, fourth Monday in January and July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. FREDERICK— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in February and September and second Monday in December; non-jury, second Monday in May. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. GARRETT— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in March and second Monday in September; non-jury, first Monday in June and December. Prphans’ Court Days—Second and fourth Tuesdays in each month. HARFORD— Circuit Court—Jury, second Monday in February, May, and No- vember, and second Monday in September (optional with Court). Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. HOWARD— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in March and third Monday in September; non-jury, third Monday in June and third Mon- day in December. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. KENT— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in April and October; non- jury, third Monday in January, second Monday in July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. MONTGOMERY— Circuit. Court—Jury, third Monday in March, second Monday in November; non-jury, third Monday in January, first Monday in June. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. PRINCE GEORGE’S— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in April and October; non- jury, third Monday in January and June. Orphans’ Court Days—First, second, third, and fourth Tuesdays in every month. 418 MARYLAND MANUAL

QUEEN ANNE’S— Circuit Court—Jury, first Monday in May and November; non- jury, fourth Monday in January, and third Monday in July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. ST. MARY’S— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in March and September; non-jury, first Monday in June and December. Orphans’ Court days—Second and fourth Tuesdays in every month. SOMERSET— Circuit Court—Jury, second Monday in April and fourth Monday in September; non-jury, second Monday in January and July. Orphans’ Court days—Every Tuesday. TALBOT— Circuit Court—Jury, third Monday in May and November; non- jury, first Monday in February and fourth Monday in July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. WASHINGTON— Circuit Court—Jury, second Monday in February, May, and No- vember; non-jury, first Monday in August. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday and Friday. WICOMICO— Circuit Court—Jury, second Monday in March and September; non-jury, first Monday in January and July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. WORCESTER— Circuit Court—Jury, fourth Monday in March and second Mon- day in October; non-jury, third Monday in January and July. Orphans’ Court Days—Every Tuesday. o INCORPORATED TOWNS Mayor Address ALLEGANY Barton Arthur F. Hoffa Barton Cumberland Thomas S. Post City Hall, Cumberland Frostburg. Marshall Skidmore City Hall, Frostburg Lonaconing. Aleck Burt Furnace St., Lonaconing Luke Fred Wiseman Luke Midland Yerl Ash Midland Westernport Milton McIntyre.. Md. Ave., Westernport ANNE ARUNDEL Annapolis._ William U. McCready. 13 Dean St., Annapolis Arundel on the Bay. Paul B. Lum. -1073-31st St., N.W., Washington,!). C. Highland Beach. Haley G. Douglass 1732-15th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. MARYLAND MANUAL 419

Mayor Address BALTIMORE CITY ThomasD’Alesandro, Jr..City Hall, Balto. 2 BALTIMORE.. No incorporated towns CALVERT Chesapeake Beach.. Samuel Deets... -Chesapeake Beach North Beach Fred Herrmann.. North Beach CAROLINE Denton.-. — —William Finn, ....Denton Acting Mayor Federalsburg Clinton S. Poola Federalsburg Goldsboro Clark Quillen Goldsboro Greensboro —Russell Wright Greensboro Hillsboro... Everett Gale, Hillsboro Pres. Ct. Comm. Marydel B. R. Kahler Marydel Preston Clyde W. Elzey. -Preston Ridgely. Martin L. Sutton .Ridgely CARROLL Hampstead... Dr. E. M. Bush. Hampstead Manchester. — Harold C. Frankforter.Manchester Mount Airy Walter L. Spurrier... .Mount Airy New Windsor... Walter Herman .New Windsor Sykesville. Leroy Keeney Sykesville Taneytown Richard Rohrbaugh Taneytown Union Bridge.. ,.,—George Skinner Union Bridge Westminster Joseph L. Matthias, Sr Westminster CECIL Cecilton Davis Taylor. Cecilton Charlestown ...Robert A. Calvert. Charlestown Chesapeake City. ..Harry Griffin Chesapeake Citv Elkton- H. H. Mitchell 135 E. Main St.,‘ Elkton North East, J. Milton Smith North East Perryville. Willis Gorrell, Perryville Pres. Town Comm. Port Deposit Robert L. Stebbings... Port Deposit Rising Sun J. Earle Tyson... Rising Sun CHARLES Indian Head John T. Parran, Indian Head Chr. Town Comm. La Plata. Francis E. Mudd, La Plata Pres. Town Comm. DORCHESTER Cambridge. W. L. Tubman Cambridge East New Market Alton Hackett East New Market Eldorado „D. Floyd Brinsfield Rhodesdale Hurlock— Wm. Pitts— -Hurlock Secretary.— .....George Carroll Secretary Vienna— W. R. Phillips .Vienna 420 MARYLAND MANUAL

Mayor Address FREDERICK Brunswick. Stanley Virts._ Brunswick Burkittsville Herbert Kennedy Burkittsville Emmitsburg..... Joseph R. Hoke - Emmitsburg Frederick. Lloyd C. Culler Frederick Middletown Walter Beachley Middletown Myersville John Eldridge Myersville New Market.... Bernard Selby. New Market Thurmont Omar J. Duble. Thurmont Walker sville.... Elroy Grimes „Walkersville Woodsboro...- George S. Smith Woodsboro

GARRETT Accident- Frank E. Spoerlein Accident Deer Park— .Charles A. Ashby Deer Park Friendsville William F. Frazee Friendsville Grantsville— - Neviu J. Miller— — Grantsville Kitzmiller Leslie B. Sharpless . Kitzmiller Lock Lynn Heights Carson B. Grove. .Lock Lynn Mountain Lake Park .Dempsey R. Fleming Mt. Lake Park Oakland Alexander G. Hesen Oakland

HARFORD Aberdeen Frank E. Baker 603 W. Bel Air Ave. ■Aberdeen Bel Air. Dr. Main E. Little Gordon St., Bel Air Havre de Grace Robert R. Lawder. Havre de Grace

HOWARD No incorporated towns

KENT Betterton .....John W. Jaqueth Betterton Chestertown Philip G. Wilmer Chestertown Galena George Newcomb Galena Millington Harry R. Rasin. Millington Rock Hall .... Bernard Wilson Rock Hall

MONTGOMERY Bamsville. Alary Morningstar Barnsville Gaithersburg. William McBaine Gaithersburg Garrett Park Clyde Hall Garrett Park Glen Echo.. Beulah McCuen Glen Echo Kensington.. Col. Clarence V. Sayers....Kensington Laytonsvilla G. D. Armstrong Laytonsville Poolesville. Dr. Joseph M. White ..Poolesville Rockville— G. LaMar Kelly. ...Rockville Somerset Irvin M. Day. 405 Cumberland Ave. Chevy Chase Takoma Park Oliver W. Youngblood 200 Maple Ave., Takoma Park Washington Grove Irving L. McCathran Washington Grove MARYLAND MANUAL 421

Mayor Address PRINCE GEORGE’S Berwyn Heights Robt. F. Burnette, 822 Edmonston Ave. Chr. Town Comm. Bladensburg Andrew F. Gasch, 4206 Edmonston Ave. Pres. Town Comm. Bowie John L. Baumann, Bowie Chr. Town Comm. Brentwood James L. Russell 3702 Utah Ave. Capitol Heights... Thomas A. Shaw Capitol Heights Cheverly. Dr. Edward A. Salloom....2816 Laurel Ave. Colmar Manor. John N. Torvestad 3616-39th Ave. College Park _Wm. A. Duvall. .. Branchville Cottage City— R. A. Donley, 3713-41st St. Chr. Town Comm. District Heights Francis W. Gorely 208 Washington Blvd. Chr. Town Comm. Edmonston Harold R. Manning.. 4714-51st Ave. Fairmount Heights James A. Campbell .709-61st Ave., Bennings, D. C. Glenarden.. James R. Cousins, Jr Glenarden Greenbelt George F. Bauer. Greenbelt Hyattsville. Caesar L. Aiello...... 5219-42nd Place Handover Hills William Zundel— 7102 Webster Place Laurel.. John H. Fetty 368 Main St. Mt. Rainier. Floyd B. Mathias... 4114-32nd St- North Brentwood William D. Bellows .4006 Wallace Road Riverdale. Harry A. L. Barker. 4415 Colesville Road Seat Pleasant Van Moreland .6211 Field St. University Park. T. Earle Bourne 4306 Sheridan St., Hyattsville Upper Marlboro G. Gardner Shugart., Upper Marlboro Pres. Town Comm. QUEEN ANNE’S Barclay. Clyde Cecil Barclay Centreville— ..Frank Draper Centreville Church Hill Clyde Walls ..Church Hill Queenstown J. H. Booker... .Queenstown Sudlersville. —Joseph M. George .Sudlersville Templeville Melvin B. Kinnamon. Templeville ST. MARY’S Leonardtown Edward J. Warren... Leonardtown SOMERSET Crisfleld Nelson R. Coulbourne Crisfield Princess Anne... Anna Brown Princess Anne TALBOT Easton... Joseph S. Barnes Easton Oxford Howard W. Newnam, Oxford Pres. Town Comm. St. Michaels Herbert A. Dodson, St. Michaels Pres. Town Comm. Trappe Maurice T. Adams, Trappe Pres. Town Comrii. 422 MARYLAND MANUAL

Mayor Address WASHINGTON Boonsboro ...John Wheeler Boonsboro Clear Spring. _Donald Ankeney. Clearspring Funkstown ...Guy M. Hebb... Funkstown Hagerstown ...Richard H. Sweeney 169 Prospect St., Hagerstown Hancock. ...A. Hart McKinley..... Hancock Keedysville ...Charles K. Taylor Keedysville Sharpsburg. ...Lloyd DeLauney. Sharpsburg Smithsburg. ...Charles I. Wolfinger. Smithsburg Williamsport- ..Richard G. Hawken Williamsport WICOMICO Delmar. ...Albert U. Davis Delmar Fruitland ...Richard Carey. Fruitland Hebron ...J. Gordy Beach, Hebron Pres. Town Comm. Mardela Springs. ...Eugene Elliott, Mardela Springs Pres. Town Comm. Pittsville. ...J. Allie Hamblin. Pittsville Salisbury. ...E. R. White, Jr Salisbury Sharptown -Noah Owens ...Sharptown Willards „..D. Aubrey Davis Willards WORCESTER Berlin ...William Whaley. Berlin Ocean City. ...Daniel Trimper, Jr Ocean City Pocomoke City...... Clayton F. Lambertson.Pocomoke City Snow Hill ...John 0. Byrd ..Snow Hill MARYLAND MANUAL 423

AREA The following figures are from Areas of the United States 1940, Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940, United States Govern- ment Office 1942, pp. 126-128. Areas are given in square miles. County Total Land Water Allegany 428 426 2 Anne Arundel 458 417 41 Baltimore City 86 79 7 Baltimore 638 610 28 Calvert 244 219 25 Caroline 325 320 5 Carroll 456 456 Cecil 386 352 34 Charles 502 458 44 Dorchester 688 580 108 Frederick 670 664 6 Garrett 668 668 Harford 475 448 27 Howard 251 251 Kent 308 284 24 Montgomery 506 494 12 Prince George’s. 496 485 11 Queen Anne’s 408 373 35 St. Mary’s .. 420 367 53 Somerset 378 332 46 Talbot 331 279 52 Washington 471 462 9 Wicomico 395 380 15 Worcester 589 483 106 10,577 9,887 690

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POPULATION—CENSUS OF 1940 Between 1930 and 1940 Maryland’s rural areas continued to grow somewhat more rapidly than the urban places, according to the final figures from the Sixteenth Decennial Census, issued by Director William Lane Austin, of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce. The complete return of the Sixteenth Census showed that on April 1, 1940, Maryland had a population of 1,821,244, an increase of 189,718 over the 1,631,526 residents reported in the 1930 census. This change represents an increase of 11.6 percent as compared with 12.5 percent between 1920 and 1930. The population increase in urban areas from 1930 to 1940 was 10.8 percent as compared with 12.8 percent in the rural sections. Urban residents accounted for 59.3 percent of the State’s population in 1940, as compared with 59.8 percent in 1930. In 1940, residents of urban areas numbered 1,080,351, while the rural population amounted to 740,893. The Census Bureau considers as urban areas the incorporated places of 2,500 or more. In Maryland, however, two unincorporated political subdivisions are also classified as urban on the basis of special qualifications. The remaining territory is classified as rural. 424 MARYLAND MANUAL

There were seven cities of 10,000 or more in Maryland, one (Cam- bridge) having reached this size since 1930. There were also two election districts adjacent to Baltimore city in this size-group that qualified as urban under the special rule. All nine of these urban places of 10,000 or more increased between 1930 and 1940. District 12 of Baltimore County, with an increase of 33.6 percent, was the fastest growing urban place having 10,000 or more population. Salisbury, with an increase of 21.1 percent, was the fastest growing incorporated place in this size-group. Eighteen of the 23 counties gained population between 1930 and 1940, as did the independent city of Baltimore. Montgomery County, with an increase of 70.5 percent, had the most extensive growth. The first Federal census of Maryland was taken in 1790, returning a population of 319,728. The population has shown an increase at every census since that time, passing 500,000 between 1840 and 1850, 1.000. 000 between 1880 and 1890, and 1,500,000 between 1920 and 1930. The present population represents a density of 184.2 inhabitants per square mile. Table 1 presents the figures for counties and for urban places of 10,000 or more, and Table 2, for incorporated places of less than 10.000. Table 3 shows the population of Baltimore city by wards. MARYLAND MANUAL 425

TABLE 1. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND OF URBAN PLACES OF 10,000 OR MORE IN MARYLAND: 1340 AND 1930 (A minus sign (-) denotes decrease) Population Percent of Increase County or Increase urban place 1340 1930 1930-1940 1930-1940 1920-1930 The State 1,821,244 1,631,526 189,718 11.6 12.5 Urban.. 1,080,351 974,869 105,482 10.8 12.1 Rural 740,893 656,657 84,236 12.8 13.2 Percent urban 59.3 59.8 Counties: Allegany 86,973 79,098 7,875 10.0 13.1 Anne Arundel 68,375 55,167 13,208 23.9 27.1 Baltimore 155,825 124,565 31,260 25.1 66.5 Baltimore Cy. 859,100 804,874 54,226 6.7 9.7 Calvert 10,484 9,528 956 10.0 -2.2 Caroline...... 17,549 17,387 162 0.9 -6.8 Carrol...... 39,054 35,978 3,076 8.5 5.1 Cedi...... 26,407 25,827 580 2.2 9.4 Charles.. 17,612 16,166 1,446 8.9 -8.7 Dorchester 28,006 26,813 1,193 4.4 -3.9 Frederick... 57,312 54,440 2,872 5.3 8.6 Garrett 21,981 19,908 2,073 10.4 1.2 Harford 35,080 31,603 3,457 10.9 7.9 Howard 17,175 16,169 1,006 6.2 2.2 Kent 13,465 14,242 -777 -5.5 -5.2 Montgomery 83,912 49,206 34,706 70.5 40.9 Pr. Geoi,ge,,s„ 89,490 60,095 29,395 48.9 38.6 Queen Anns’s 14,476 14,671 -95 -0.7 -8.9 St. Mary’s.... 14,626 15,189 -563 -3.7 -5.7 Somerset...... 20,965 23,382 -2,417 -10.3 -6.0 Talbot 18,784 18,583 201 1.1 1.5 Washington.... 68,838 65,882 2,956 4.5 10.4 Wicomico.... 34,630 31,229 3,301 10.6 10.9 Worcester .. 21,245 21,624 -379 -1.8 -3.1 Urban pluses of 10,000 or more: Annapolis. 13,069 12,531 538 4.3 11.7 Baltimore 859,100 804,874 54,226 6.7 9.7 Cambridge 10,102 8,544 1,558 18.2 14.4 Cumberland... 39,483 37,747 1,736 4.6 26.5 Frederick 15,802 14,434 1,368 9.5 30.4 Hagerstown.... 32,491 30,861 1,630 5.3 10.0 Salisbury 13,313 10,997 2,316 21.1 45.6 District 12 (Baho. Oo.)l 15,436 11,556 3,880 33.6 177.7 District 13 (Balto., Co.)l 13,366 10,466 2,900 27.7 128.1 1 Classified as urban under special rule. 426 MARYLAND MANUAL TABLE 2. POPULATION OF INCORPORATED PLACES OF LESS THAN 10,000 IN MARYLAND: 1940 AND 1930

Population City or Town County 1940 1930 2,500 to 10,000 Brunswick Frederick 3,856 >3,671 Chestertown Kent 2,760 2,809 Crisfield Somerset 3,908 3,850 Easton Talbot 4,528 4,092 Elkton Cecil ‘ 3,518 3,331 Frostburg Allegany 7,659 5,588 Greenbelt1 Prince George’s.. 2,831 Havre de Grace Harford 4,967 3,985" Hyattsville Prince George’s.. 6,575 4,264 Laurel Prince George’s.. 2,823 2,532 Mount Rainier Prince George’s.. 4,830 3,832 Pocomoke City Worcester 2,739 2,609 Takoma Park . f Montgomery 8,938 6,415 \Prince George’s.. Westernport Allegany 3,565 3,440 Westrainster Carroll 4,692 4,463 Less than 2,500 Aberdeen Harford 1,525 1,240 Accident Garrett 236 Arundel-on-the-B1 ay.., Anne Arundel 8 Barclay Queen Annek 119 Barnes ville Montgomery 121 119 Barton Allegany 781 689 Bel Air Harford 1,805 1,650 Berlin Worcester 1,435 1,480 Berwyn Heights Prince George’s 453 228 Betterton Kent 221 296 Biadensburg Prince George’s 1,220 816 Bloomington Garrett 338 369 Boonsboro Washington 938 894 Boulevard Heights Prince George’s 384 227 Bowie Prince George’s 767 694 Brentwood Prince George’s 2,433 1,842 Bridgetown Caroline 25 33 Brookeville Montgomery 262 112 Burkitts ville Frederick 177 173 Capitol Heights Prince George’s 2,036 1,611 Cecil ton Cecil 498 458 Centreville Queen Ann® 1,141 1,291 Charlestown Cecil 307 286 Charlotte Hall St. Mary’s 82 i 67 Chesapeake Beach Calvert 326 (2) Chesapeake City Cecil 1,094 1,016 Cheverly1 Prince George’s 996 Church Hill Queen Anne’s 316 232 Clear Spring Washington 500 539 Colmar Manor Prince George’s 1,480 1,225 Cottage City Prince George’s 1,044 938 Crumpton Queen Anne’s 243 i 202 Deer Park Garrett 329 249 Delmar* Wicomico 1,184 1,180 3 Incorporated since 1930. 2 Not returned separately, 3 Population for Delmor, Del., 881 in 1940, 838 in 1930. MARYLAND MANUAL 427

Population City or Town County 1940 1930 Denton Caroline 1,572 1,604 District Heights1 Prince George’s... 392 Eagle Harbor Prince George’s... 2 3 East New Market Dorchester 267 222 Edmonston Prince George’s... 934 717 Emmitsburg. Frederick 1,412 1,235 Fairmeant Heights Prince George’s... 1,391 1,218 Federalsburg. Caroline 1,748 1,369 Friendsville Gairett 569 494 Funkstown. Washington 798 700 Gaithersburg Montgomery 1,021 1,068 Galena Kent 250 265 Garrett Park Montgomery 406 295 Glen Echo. Montgomery 395 222 Goldsboro Caroline 197 211 Grants-riBe Garrett 466 400 Greensboro Caroline 737 760 Hampstead Carroll 664 905 Hancock Washington 940 947 Hebron Wicomico 804 805 Highland Beach ... Anne Arundel 9 (*) Hillsboro Caroline 181 200 Hurlock Dorchester.:....,..., 800 765 Indian Head Charles 1,104 1,240 Keedysville Washington 404 393 Kensington Montgomery 497 948 KitzmiBersville. Garrett 870 827 La Plata Charles 488 332 Laytonsvflle Montgomery 127 146 Leonardtown St. Mary’s 668 697 Loch Lynn Heights...., Garrett 339 198 Lonaconing: Allegany 2,429 2,426 Luke Allegany 988 1,064 Manchester Carroll 763 643 Mardela Springs Wicomico 418 370 Marydel Caroline 78 127 Middletown Frederick 839 818 Midland Allegany 935 866 Millington Kent 307 371 Mountain Lake Park.. Garrett 551 322 Mount Airy [ Carroll 791 860 (Frederick Myersviile Frederick 310 262 New Market Frederick 360 294 New Windsor. Carroll 529 503 North Beach Calvert 246 107 North Brentwood.. Prince George’s.. 822 641 Northeast* Cecil 1,328 1,412 Oakland Garrett 1,587 1,583 Ocean City Worcester 1,052 946 Oxford Talbot 826 915 Perryville. Cecil 729 704 Piscataway Prince George’s.. 78 50 Point of Rocks Frederick 370 500 Poolesville Montgomery 204 197 1 Incorporated since 1930. 4 Name changed from North East in 1938. 6 No population reported in 1930. 428 MARYLAND MANUAL

Population City or Town County 1940 Port Deposit Cecil 883 963 Preston Caroline 369 315 Princess Anne Somerset 942 975 Queenstown Queen Anne’s 275 288 Ridgely Caroline 920 703 Rising Sun Cecil 529 565 Riverdale Prince George’s... 2,330 1.533 Riverdale Heights.... Prince George’s... 637 405 Rock Hal! Kent 781 714 Rockville5 Montgomery 2,047 1,460 St. Michaels Talbot 1,309 1,808 Seat Pleasant1 Prince George’s.. 1,553 Secretary Dorchester 344 361 Sharpsburg Washington 834 818 Sharptown Wicomico 653 727 Smithsburg Washington 619 598 Snow Hill Worcester 1,926 1.604 Solomons Calvert 266 246 Somerset Montgomery 399 298 Sudlersville Queen Anne’s 292 279 Sykesville Carroll 806 661 Taneytown Carroll 1,208 S38 Thurmont Frederick 1,307 1,185 Trappe Talbot 296 226 Union Bridge Carroll 831 862 University Park1 Prince George’s.. 878 Upper Marlboro Prince George’s.. 565 420 Vienna. Dorchester 385 311 Walkersville Frederick 731 623 Washington Grove1. Montgomery 160 Willards Wicomico 285 217 Williamsport Washington 1,772 1,775 Woodsboro Frederick 416 385 1 Incorporated since 1930. 5 The 1930 published figures corrected by inclusion of Chestnut Lodge Sani- tarium (38). MARYLAND MANUAL 429

POPULATION OF MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS IN MARYLAND: 1940 (The “districts” shown in the table are election districtsi

Minor civil division 1940 Minor civil division 1940 Allega’jy County 86,973 District 8.... 6,736 Dist. 1, Orleans 804 District 9.... 21,641 Dist. 2, Oidtown 987 District 10.. 2,448 Dist. 3, Flintstone 1,284 District 11.. 7,225 Dist. 4, Cumberland District 12.. 15,436 Canal 14,840 District 13.. 13,366 Dist. 6, Wills Creek 7,925 District 14.. 10,420 Dist. 6, Cumb. River 8,351 District 15.. 28,402 Dist. 7, Rawlings 2,820 Dist. 8, Westernport 5,658 Baltimore City.. 859,100 Dist. 9, Barton 1,673 Dist. 10, Lonaconing 1,846 Calvert County 10,484 Dist. 11, Frostburg 1,148 Dist. 1, Solomons Island.... 3,513 Dist. 12, Frostburg 1,456 Dist. 2, Prince Frederick .. 3,092 Dist. 13, Mount Savage .... 3,245 Dist. 3, Sunderland 3,879 Dist. 14 1,944 Dist. 15, Lonaconing 2,450 Caroline County 17,549 Dist. 16, North Branch 1,670 Dist. 1, Henderson 1,568 Dist. 17, Vale Summit 390 Dist. 2, Greensboro 2,445 Dist. 18, Midland 1.954 Dist. 3, Denton 3,255 Dist. 19, Shaft 949 Dist. 4, Preston 2,241 Dist. 20, Ellerslie 1,569 Dist. 5, Federalsburg 3,348 Dist. 21, Gross 969 Dist. 6, Hiiisboro 1,515 Dist. 22, Union Street 4,875 Dist. 7, Ridgely 1,786 Dist. 23, Decatur Street.... 4,755 Dist. 8, American Corner 1,391 Dist. 24, Eckhart 1.955 Dist. 25, Pekin 711 Carroll County 39,054 Dist. 26, Frostburg 2,061 Dist. 1, Taneytown 2,894 Dist. 27, Gilmore 662 Dist. 2, Uniontown .... 1,960 Dist. 28, Frostburg 1,872 Dist. 3, Myers 1,705 Dist. 29, La Vale 3,088 Dist. 4, Woolerys 3,072 Dist. 30, Zihlman 589 Dist. 6, Freedom 6,638 Dist. 31, McCool 905 Dist. 6, Manchester.... 3,210 Dist. 32, Frostburg 1,215 Dist. 7, Westminster... 8.588 Dist. 33, Kifer 353 Dist. 8, Hampstead.... 2,529 Dist. 9, Franklin 1,041 Anne Arundel County 68,375 Dist. 10, Middleburg.... 982 District 1 4,304 Dist. 11, New Windsor. 1,876 District 2 13,168 Dist. 12, Union Bridge 1,446 District 3 10,938 Dist. 13, Mount Airy .. 1,625 District 4 10,932 Dist. 14, Berrett 1.588 District 6 11,735 District 6 13,069 Cecil County 26,407 District 7 1,895 Dist. 1, Cecil ton 2,182 District 8 2,334 Dist. 2, Chesapeake City .. 2,301 Dist. 3, Elkton 5,890 Baltimore County 155,825 Dist. 4, Fair Hill 1,759 District 1 21,221 Dist. 5, Northeast 3,693 District 2 7,501 Dist. 6, Rising Sun 2,562 District 3 7,150 Dist. 7, Port Deposit 6,058 District 4 7,596 Dist. 8, Oakwood (Mount District 5 2,121 Pleasant) 889 District 6 1,177 Dist. 9, Calvert (Brick District 7 3,385 Meeting House) 1,073 430 MARYLAND MANUAL

Minor civil division 1940 Minor civil division, 1940 Charles County 17,612 Dist. 24, Braddock 863 Dist. 1, La Plata 1,957 Dist. 25, Brunswick 3,856 Dist. 2, Hill Top 800 Dist. 26, Walkersville 1,368 Dist. 3, Cross Roads. 1,251 Dist. 4, Allens Fresh. 1,708 Garrett County 21,981 Dist. 5, Harris Lot 1,897 Dist. 1, Swanton 1,233 Dist. 6, White Plains. 2,215 Dist 2, Friendville and Dist. 7, Pomonkey 3.142 Selbysport 1,954 Dist. 8, Bryantown... 1,948 Dist. 3, Grantsville 2,407 Dist. 9, Patuxent 1.142 Dist. 4, Bloomington 817 Dist. 10, Marbury 1,552 Dist. 5, Accident 1,219 Dist. 6, Sang Run 923 Dorchester County 28,006 Dist. 7, East Oakland 1,187 Dist. 1, Fork 1,565 Dist. 8, Ryans Glade 2,343 Dist. 2, East New Mkt... 1,891 Dist. 9, Johnsons 861 Dist. 3, Vienna 1,281 Dist. 10, Deer Park ■950 Dist. 4, Taylors Island .... 590 Dist. 11, The Elbow 292 Dist. 5, Lakes 975 Dist. 12, Bittinger 674 Dist. 6, Hooper Island .... 1,033 Dist. 13, Kitzmillersville.... 2,028 Dist. 7, Cambridge 11,945 Dist. 14, West Oakland .... 3,125 Dist. 8, Neck 881 Dist. 15, Avilton 471 Dist. 9, Church Creek 988 Dist. 16, Mountain Lake Dist. 10, Straits 1,080 Park 1,497 Dist. 11, Drawbridge 294 Dist. 12, Williamsburg 646 Harford County 35,060 Dist. 13, Bucktown 721 Dist. 1, Abingdon 5,782 Dist. 14, Linkwood ■880 Dist. 2, Halls Cross Rds. .. 6,828 Dist. 15, Hurlock 2,091 Dist. 3, Bel Air 7,800 Dist. 16, Madison 408 Dist. 4, Marshall 4,489 Dist. 17, Salem 507 Dist. 5, Dublin 5,194 Dist. 18, Elliott 230 Dist. 6, Havre de Grace .... 4,967 Frederick County 57,312 Howard County 17,175 Dist. 1, Buckeystown .... 2,439 Dist. 1, Elk Ridge 3,229 Dist. 2, Frederick 17,637 Dist. 2, Ellicott City 3,778 Dist. 3, Middletown 2,051 Dist. 8, West Friendship ., 1,974 Dist. 4, Creagerstown.... 909 Dist. 4, Lisbon 2,410 Dist. 5, Emmitsburg 3,343 Dist. 6, Clarksville 2,304 Dist. 6, Catoctin 1.054 Dist, 6, Guilford 3,480 Dist. 7, Urbana 1,879 Dist. 8, Liberty 1,211 Kent County 13,465 Dist. 9, New Market 2,653 Dist. 1, Masseys 2,296 Dist. 10, Hauvers 1,491 Dist. 2, Kennedyville 1,854 Dist. 11, Woodsboro 1,862 Dist. 3, Worton Dist. 12, Petersville 1,375 (Betterton) 1,671 Dist. 13, Mount Pleasant 884 Dist. 4, Chestertown 2,920 Dist. 14, Jefferson 1,266 Dist. 5, Edesville 2,738 Dist. 16, Thurmont 2,944 Dist. 6, Fairlea 1,067 Dist. 16, Jackson 1,242 Dist. 7, Pomona 920 Dist. 17, Johnsville 1,185 Dist. 18, Woodville 1.055 Montgomery County.... 83,912 Dist. 19, Linganore 822 Dist. 1, Laytonsville 1,813 Dist. 20, Lewistown 1,265 Dist. 2, Clarksburg 1,558 Dist. 21, Tuscarora 1,026 Dist. 3, Poolesville... 1,724 Dist. 22, Burkettsville 996 Dist. 4, Rockville 5,996 Dist. 23, Ballenger 636 Dist. 5, Colesville 4,045 MARYLAND MANUAL 431

Minor civil division 1940 Minor civil division 1940

Montgomery County - Somerset County 20,965 Con. Dist. 1, West Princess Dist. 6, Darnestown . 1,682 Anne 2,046 Dist. 7, Bethesda 26,114 Dist. 2, St. Peters 747 Dist. 8, Olney 2,601 Dist. 3, Brinkleys 2,030 Dist. 9, Gaithersburg 3,861 Dist. 4, Dublin 1,396 Dist. 10, Potomac 1,828 Dist. 5, Mount Vernon 1,058 Dist. 11, Barnesville ... 1,736 Dist. 6, Fairmount 908 Dist. 12, Damacus 2,079 Dist. 7, Crisfield 4,208 Dist. 13, Wheaton 28,877 Dist. 8, Lawsons 1,810 Dist. 9, Tangier 510 Prince George’s Co 89,490 Diet. 10, Smith Island 680 Dist. 1, Vansville 1,923 Dist. 11, Dames Quarter .. 347 Dist. 2, Bladensburg 6,103 Dist. 12, Asbury 1,454 Dist. 3, Marlboro 2,081 Dist. 13, Westover 973 Dist. 4, Nottingham 1,626 Diet. 14, Deal Island 1,048 Dist. 6, Piscataway 2,666 Dist. 15, East Princess Dist. 6, Spalding 7,606 Anne 1,760 Dist. 7, Queen Anne 2.199 Dist. 8, Aquasco 1,120 Talbot County 18,784 Dist. 9, Surratts 2.200 Dist. 1, Easton 7,733 Dist. 10, Laurel 3,691 Dist. 2, St. Michaels... 3,370 Dist. 11, Brandywine 2,427 Dist. 3, Trappe 3,034 Dist. 12, Oxon Hill 2,802 Dist. 4, Chapel 2,614 Dist. 13, Kent 2,264 Dist. 5, Bay Hundred. 2,033 Dist. 14, Bowie 3,600 Dist. 15, Mellwood 1,960 Dist. 16, Hyattsville 6,926 Washington County . 68,838 Dist. 17, Chillum 10,864 Dist. 1, Sharpsburg 1,813 Dist. 18, Seat Pleasant 10,760 Dist. 2, Willamsport 3,127 Dist. 19, Riverdale 7,184 Dist. 3, Hagerstown 6,125 Dist. 20, Lanham 1,758 Dist. 4, Clear Spring 1,735 Dist. 21, Berwyn 7,741 Dist. 5, Hancock 2,988 Dist. 6, Boonsboro 2,339 Queen Annes County Dist. 7, Cavetown 2,044 Dist. 1, Dixon 2,034 Dist. 8, Rohrersville 1,366 Dist. 2, Church Hill 1,809 Dist. 9, Leitersburg 1,288 Dist. 3, Centreville 3,287 Dist. 10, Funkstown 1,889 Dist. 4, Kent Island 2,094 Dist. 11, Sandy Hook 1,428 Dist. 5, Queenstown 2,813 Dist. 12, Tilghmanton 1,618 Dist. 6, Ruthsburg 1,163 Dist. 13, Conococheague. 1,729 Dist. 7, Crumpton 1,276 Dist. 14, Ringgold 1,662 Dist. 15, Indian Spring... 1,566 St. Mary’s County 14,626 Dist. 16, Beaver Creek... 1,085 Dist. 2, St. Inigoes 1,880 Dist. 17, Hagerstown 4,932 Dist. 2, Valley Lee 1,201 Dist. 18, Chewsville 1,230 Dist. 3, Leonardtown 2,704 Dist. 19, Keedysville 945 Dist. 4, Chaptico 1,645 Dist. 20, Downsville 856 Dist. 5, Mechanicsville 1,778 Dist. 21, Hagerstown .... 5,702 Dist. 6, Hillville Dist. 22, Hagerstown .... 6,102 (Patuxent) 1,736 Dist. 23, Wilsons 1,074 Dist. 7, Milestown 2,110 Dist. 24, Hagerstown .... 4,687 Dist. 8, Bay 1,287 Dist. 25, Hagerstown .... 7,739 Dist. 9, St. George Island . 285 Dist. 26, Halfway 1,769 432 MARYLAND MANUAL

Dist. 14, Willards.. 1,234 Wicomico County 34,530 Dist. 15, Hebron 1,385 Dist. 1, Barren Creek . 1,595 Dist. 16, Fruitland 1,654 Dist. 2, Quantico 931 Dist. 3, Tyaskin 1,263 Worcester County 21,245 Dist. 4, Pittsburg 1,478 Dist. 1, Costens 4,311 Dist. 5, Parsons 6,861 Dist. 2, Snow Hill 3,674 Dist. 6, Dennis 737 Dist. 3, East Berlin 2,888 Dist. 7, Trappe 940 Dist. 4, Newark 1,066 Dist. 8, Nutters 1,094 Dist. 5, St. Martin 1,451 Dist. 9, Salisbury 5,106 Dist. 6, Colbournes 583 Dist. ID, Skarptown 1,173 Dist. 7, Atkinsons 704 Dist. 11, Delmar 2,009 Dist. 8, Stockton 2,209 Dist. 12, Nanticoke 1,485 Dist. 9, West-Berlin 2,332 Dist. 13, Camden 5,585 Dist. 10, Ocean City 2,037 MARYLAND MANUAL 433

ESTIMATED POPULATION JULY 1, 1947 Prepared by Bureau of Vital Statistics Maryland State Depart- ment of Health, January 21, 1948. Estimates for individual counties made by arithmetic extrapolation of the 1930 and 1940 census figures with additional correction for rise in the birth rate. Area Total White Colored State of Maryland. 2 ,096,979 1.758.485 338.494 Baltimore City* 947,000 753,000 194,000 Total counties 1 ,149,979 1.005.485 144.494 Allegany 94,423 93,134 1,289 Anne Arundel 82,826 62,626 20,200 Baltimore 197,636 187,203 10,433 Calvert 11,388 6,215 5,173 Caroline 17,930 14,602 3,328 Carroll 42,430 40,082 2,348 Cecil 28,332 26,179 2,153 Charles 19,859 12,517 7,342 Dorchester 28,994 20,676 8,318 Frederick 60,569 55,702 4,867 Garrett 23,495 23,495 Harford 40,874 36,863 4,011 Howard 18,533 16,096 2,437 Kent 13,719 9,667 4,052 Montgomery 119,602 109,895 9,707 Prince George’sf 130,500 110,500 20,000 Queen Anne’s 14,462 10,125 4,337 St. Mary’s} 32,318 26.794 6,524 Somerset 20,736 13.794 6,942 Talbot 19,056 13,448 5,608 Washington 73,040 71,378 1,662 Wicomico 37,926 29,761 8,165 Worcester 21,331 14,733 6,598

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BATTLE FLAGS OF MARYLAND In the Flag Room, State House, Annapolis No. 1. “Old Glory,” believed to be the oldest United States Flag in existence, and carried by the American troops in the Revolutionary War. It was made in accordance with the Act of Congress, June 14, 1777. No. 2. Flag carried by the Union Volunteers of Baltimore during the War of 1812-1814. The Union Volunteers were attached to the Fifth Regiment of Maryland Militia. This regiment, served at Fort McHenry and North Point on September 12, 1814. No. 3. The “Old Defenders’ Flag,” the original flag adopted by the Old Defenders’ Association of the War of 1812, and presented to the State of Maryland by the Society of the War of 1812. ♦Estimate for Baltimore City made by the Baltimore City Health Department. fEstimate for Prince George’s County made hy averaging estimate of the Bureau of the Census and estimate made by method described above. ^Estimate for St. Mary’s County made by field agent. 434 MARYLAND MANUAL

Federal Army Flags No. 4. Three flags of the First Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers of the Federal Army, a regiment that served throughout the Civil War. No. 5. Five Flags of the Second Maryland Infantry, Maryland Volunteers in the Civil War. Organized under the President’s call of May 3, 1861. No. 6. Four Flags of the Third Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, recruited under call from the President. The recruiting began June 18th, 1861. No. 7. Three Flags of the Fourth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, recruited under the second call of the President, in July and August, 1862. No. 8. Four Flags of the Fifth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized on September 12, 1861, at Lafayette Square, Baltimore. No. 9. Four Flags of the Sixth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized at Baltimore under the second call of the Presi- dent, from August 12 to September 8, 1862. No. 10. Three Flags of the Seventh Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized under the second call of the President, in 1862. No. 11. Four Flags of the Eighth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized in Baltimore in August, 1862. No. 12. Two Flags of the Ninth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Vol- unteers, organized at Baltimore, June and July, 1863, to serve for a period of six months in pursuance of a proclamation from the President calling for additional troops to repel the Confederate armies then invading Maryland and Pennsylvania. These Flags were returned to the State of Maryland on March 31, 1905, by the Secretary of War, under the authority conferred on him by Congress, approved February 28, 1905, entitled a “Joint Resolution to return to the proper authorities certain Union and Confederate Battle Flags.” No. 13. Two Flags of the Tenth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized at Baltimore, June and July, 1863, to serve for six months. No. 14. One Flag of the Thirteenth Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, composed of Veterans of the First Regiment Potomac Home Brigade Infantry Maryland Volunteers and Recruits, organized March 1, 1865. No. 15. Two Flags of the Purnell Legion, Maryland Volunteers, recruited under the auspices of William H. Purnell, at. Pikesville Arsenal, between October 31, 1861 and December 31, 1861. The Legion was raised under special authority of the Secretary of War to serve three years. No. 16. Two Flags of the Second Regiment Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade, organized at Cumberland from August 27 to October 31, 1861, to serve for three years. No. 17. One Flag of the Third Regiment Infantry, Potomac Home Brigade, organized May 20, 1862, various companies being recruited in Allegany County, Frederick County, Hagerstown and Baltimore. The Regiment was recruited to serve three years. MARYLAND MANUAL 435

No. 18. One Flag of the First Eastern Shore Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized at Cambridge, September, 1861, to serve for three years. No. 19. Two Flags of the Second Eastern Shore Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, organized at Chestertown in December, 1861, to serve three years. No. 20. Three Flags of the First Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade Cavalry, “Cole’s Cavalry,” organized August 10 to November 27, 1861. This Cavalry assumed the name of its commander, Henry A. Cole, and the original battalion was recruited in Western Maryland. It participated in over seventy-five engagements. No. 21. Two Flags of the First Regiment Cavalry, Maryland Vol- unteers, mustered into service for three years in June, 1862. No. 22. Two Flags of the Third Regiment Cavalry, Maryland Vol- unteers, organized in January, 1864, and known as the “Bradford Dragoons,” in compliment to Governor Augustus W. Bradford. It participated in the Red River Campaign. No. 23. Guidon of Battery A, First Maryland Volunteers. No. 24. Two Flags of Battery A, Maryland Light Artillery, organized at Baltimore and Pikesville, September, 1861, to serve three years and known as “Rigby’s Battery.” No. 25. One Flag of Battery B, Maryland Light Artillery, organized at Baltimore and Pikesville in October, 1861, to serve three years and known as “Snow’s Battery.” No. 26. One Flag of Baltimore Battery, Light Artillery Maryland Volunteers, organized in Baltimore during the summer of 1862, and known as “Alexander’s.” No. 27. The Old “Gosnell Flag” created in Baltimore, April 19 and 20, 1861. Confederate Emblems No. 28. The Garrison Flag used by the Maryland Line at the Camp of Hanover Junction during the winter of 1863-1864. No. 29. Garrison Flag presented by Miss Lyle Clark, of Baltimore. No. 30. One Flag of the First Maryland Infantry, organized at Harper’s Ferry in May 1861. No. 31. One Flag of Company A, First Maryland Infantry, organized as the Frederick Volunteers on April 19, 1861, and originally commanded by Captain Bradley T. Johnson. No. 32. One Flag of Company H, First Maryland Infantry, presented by the ladies of Baltimore in August 1861, at Fairfax Court House, Virginia. No. 33. Three Flags of the Second Maryland Infantry. One of these Flags was presented by Mrs. William T. Thelin, of Baltimore; two by Governors of the Maryland Line. No. 34. One Flag of the Second Maryland Infantry which is believed to be the only Confederate Flag carried into the Federal lines at Gettysburg without being lost. 436 MARYLAND MANUAL

No. 36. One Flag of Captain J. Lyle Clarke’s Maryland Company in the Twenty-first Virginia, mustered into service May 24, 1861, and known as the “Maryland Guard.” No. 36. Two Flags of the First Maryland Cavalry, which served from the summer of 1862 to the end at Appomatox. Its last division commander testified that it made the last cavalry charge of the Army of Northern Virginia, and it rode out through the lines without surrendering. No. 37. One Flag of the Second Maryland Cavalry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Harry Gilmor. No. 38. One Flag of the Third Maryland Artillery, mustered into service on January 14, 1862, to serve during the war. No. 39. One Flag (Church) used by First Maryland Battalion, In- fantry. No. 40. One Flag (Hospital) used by First Maryland Battalion, Infantry. No. 41. Maryland State Flag, purchased by General John S. Saunders, Adjutant General of Maryland, in January 1901, for the special use of the Governor of Maryland. No. 42. Flag of the Fourth Infantry, Maryland National Guard. This flag was used by the Fourth Infantry, Maryland National Guard, until its mobilization and transfer into the United States Army in March 1917. No. 43. Maryland Naval Militia Colors. These colors were carried in parade from the church to the Howard Street Armory, Baltimore, on the occasion of the departure of the Maryland National Militia for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1917, when mustered into World War Service. World War Flags No. 44. Two Flags carried by the 115th U. S. Infantry (National and Regimental) during the World War. No. 45. Two Flags carried by the 110th U. S. Field Artillery (Na- tional and Regimental) during the World War. No. 46. Two Flags carried by the 112th U. S. Machine Gun Bat- talion (National and Regimental) during the World War. No. 47. One Flag carried by the 110th U. S. Machine Gun Bat- talion (National) during the World War. No. 48. One Flag carried by the 117th U. S. Trench Mortar Bat- tery (Company) during the World War. No. 49. Two Flags carried by the 313th U. S. Infantry (National and Regimental) during the World War. No. 50. One Flag carried by the 157th U. S. Brigade (Brigade) during the World War. No. 51. Two Flags carried by the 72nd U. S. Infantry (National and Regimental) during the World War. No. 52. Two Flags carried by the 811th U. S. Pioneer Infantry (National and Regimental) during the World War. MARYLAND MANUAL 437

No. 53. Two Flags carried by the 808th Pioneer Infantry (National and Regimental) during the World War. No. 54. One Flag carried by the 33rd U. S. Field Artillery (Regi- mental) during the World War. No. 55. One Flag carried by the 310th U. S. Field Artillery (Regi- mental) during the World War. Nos. 56 and 57. Nine Flaggs carried by the 351st U. S. Field Artil- lery (two National, one Regimental and six Battery Guidons) during the World War. No. 58. Two Flags of the Second Regiment, Maryland State Guard, a regimental and a National Standard which were used by the Mary- land State Guard when this regiment was organized for home purposes while the National Guard of Maryland were in France. A considerable number of flags from World War II have been collected, and it is hoped that an account of them will be ready for the next Maryland Manual.

NEWSPAPERS I. Dailies Town Name of Paper Annapolis..— Evening Capital Baltimore The Sun The Evening Sun The Sunday Sun The Baltimore News-Post The Sunday American Cambridge... The Daily Banner Cumberland. The Cumberland News Cumberland Evening Times Cumberland Sunday Times Frederick The Frederick Post The News Hagerstown The Daily Mail The Morning Herald Salisbury - The Salisbury Times Washington .The Washington Post The Sunday Washington Post Times Herald The Evening Star The Sunday Star The Daily News 438 MARYLAND MANUAL

II. Weeklies Town County Name of Paper Aberdeen Harford Harford Democrat Annapolis Anne Arundel Gazette Annapolis Anne Arundel— Southern Maryland Times Barstow Calvert Calvert Independent Bel Air. .Harford The Aegis Bel Air. ..Harford Harford Gazette Berlin Worcester. Eastern Shore Times Bethesda.. ..Montgomery...... The Journal Bethesda .Montgomery. The Record Bethesda Montgomery. The Tribune Boonsboro Washington.. The News Brunswick. Frederick Blade-Times Cambridge Dorchester. —Democrat and News Cambridge. Dorchester. Tribune Catonsville. ...Baltimore Herald-Argus Cent.reville. Queen Anne’s. Record-Observer Chestertown Kent The Enterprise Chestertown Kent. Kent County News Crisfield — Somerset. The Post and News Crisfield Somerset.. — ...The Times Denton .Caroline The Journal Dundalk Baltimore. Community Press Easton Talbot The Journal Easton Talbot. Star-Democrat Elkton Cecil Cecil Democrat Elkton Cecil Cecil Whig Ellicott City. Howard The Times Emmitsburg. Frederick. The Chronicle Emmitsburg Frederick. The Observer Federalsburg. Caroline. The Times Frederick Frederick Semi-Weekly News Glen Burnie. Anne Arundel™ The County Chronicle Hagerstown Washington Globe-Independent Hampstead Carroll The Enterprise Hancock... Washington The News Havre de Grace Harford ...Democratic-Ledger Havre de Grace Harford The Record Hurlock... Dorchester. Dorchester News Hyattsville. Prince George’s Independent Hyattsville... Prince George’s Prince Georgian Hyattsville...... Prince George’s Prince George’s Post La Plata Charles Maryland Independent La Plata Charles. Times-Crescent Laurel .....Prince George’s News Leader Leonardtown.. St Mary’s — The Enterprise MARYLAND MANUAL 439

Name County Name of Paper Leonardtown St. Mary’s...... St. Mary’s Beacon Leonardtown St. Mary’s.. St. Mary’s News Middletown .Frederick Valley Register Mt. Airy. Carroll Community Reporter Oakland. Garrett. Mountain Democrat Oakland. Garrett - Republican Perryville. Cecil. Perryville News Pocomoke City. Worcester. Worcester Democrat Preston Caroline. N ews Prince Frederick... Calvert ...Calvert Gazette Prince Frederick. Calvert. Calvert Journal Princess Anne. ..Somerset Marylander & Herald Queenstown Queen Anne’s News Reisterstown Baltimore Community N ews Ridgely... T Caroline Caroline Sun Rising Sun Cecil Midland Journal Rockville Montgomery. Montgomery Sentinel Salisbury Wicomico The Advertiser Seat Pleasant Prince George’s Suburban Reporter Silver Spring Montgomery Maryland News Silver Spring. Montgomery. The Post Snow Hill Worcester. Democratic-Messenger Sykesville Carroll.— The Herald Takoma Park. Montgomery.. The Journal Taneytown Carroll Carroll Record Thurmont. Frederick Catoctin Enterprise Towson Baltimore County Record Towson Baltimore Jeffersonian Towson ..Baltimore. Union News Union Bridge. Carroll The Pilot Upper Marlboro. Prince George’s Enquirer-Gazette W estminster Carroll Democratic-Advocate Westminster Carroll ... The Times

* 440 MARYLAND MANUAL

RADIO STATIONS City Call Letters Annapolis WANN WNAV-FM* WASL Baltimore. W B AL WBMD WCAO WCBM WMCP-FM* WFBR WITH WMAR-FM* Bradbury Heights...- WBUZ-FM* Bethesda. WBCC Cambridge WCMD Cumberland W TB 0 WCUM Easton -WORM Essex WSID Frederick WFMD Hagerstown — WARE WJEJ Preston WE SL Salisbury WBOC Silver Spring WGAY WOOK WHIP-FM* Washington WINX WMAL WOL WQQW WRC WTOP WWDC PM broadcasts only, as of .Tune 1, 1948. QENERAL INDEX

NOTE: This index contains references to officers of State Government and titles and functions of State and County Agencies. A separate index to the Constitution will be found on page 363. ^ I’age Page AGRICULTURE, COLLEGE OF 57 Abell, C. Ethelbert 63 AGRICULTURE, STATE BOARD ABORIGINES OF MARYLAND 11 OF See University of Maryland ACCIDENT FUND, STATE 44 See also Apple Commission, State board of 44 powers and duties of 44 AGRICULTURE, UNITED STATES Superintendent of 44 DEPARTMENT OF 58 ACCIDENTS: Aiello, Caeser L 106 automobile, between resident and non-resident drivers 23 AIRPLANES, REGISTRATION OF. 39 industrial 42, 43, 44 AIRPORTS: traffic 99, 105, 106 development of 39 ACCOUNTANTS, PUBLIC, BOARD licensing of OF EXAMINERS OF 118 Akeley, Charles V 51 ACCOUNTS, PERSONNEL AND, DI- ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE TAX DI- VISION OF 69 VISION 26 ACCOUNTS, UNIFORM, COMMIS- Alder, Grace L 50 SION ON 31 ALLEGANY COUNTY: ACCREDITED COLLEGES 63 area 423 Adams, Victorine Quille 75 county seat 413 officers 193-218 Addison, Walter D 91 origin 413 ADJUTANT GENERAL: population 425, 429, 433 appointment of 97 special tax district 129 duties of 97 taxable basis 188 Governor’s Military Staff member 22 ADJUTANT GENERALS, HISTORI- Allen, W. Lee 92 CAL LIST OF 390 Allen, Wendell B 50 Adkins, Fred P 101 Allen, Willard W 61, 74 ADMINISTRATOR OF LOAN LAWS 37 Alleyn, Vivian G 76 ADMISSIONS TAX DIVISION 26 AMBULANCE SERVICE 99 ADVISORY COUNCIL, EXECUTIVE 22 AMENDMENTS, CONSTITUTIONAL: proposal of. AERONAUTICAL SCHOOLS, LI- See Constitution CENSING OF 39 See also p. 138 AGED HOMES, STATE-AID TO... 178 referenda on 23, 138 Ager, J. Norman 54 results of referenda on, 1945.233-236 AGRICULTURAL AGENTS, COUNTY 217 Amery, Elisabeth 50 ANATOMY BOARD OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT OF MARYLAND 63 STATION 58 Anderson, George M 64 AGRICULTURE: Anderson, James C 93 aid to 58 encouragement of. . . .58, 90 Andrews, Francis M 55 Extension Service in. 58 ANNAPOLIS-CLAIBORNE FERRY. 104 441 442 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY: ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISH- area 423 ERIES COMMISSION 131 county seat 414 membership of 131 officers 193-218, 219 powers and duties of 131 origin 414 ATTORNEY GENERAL: population 425, 429, 433 election of 32 taxable basis 188 election returns for 229 APARTMENTS, DIRECTORY OF.. 113 Law Department supervised by.. 32 APPEAL BOARD, STATE 27 ATTORNEY GENERALS, HISTORI- jurisdiction of 27 CAL LIST OF 395 powers and duties of 27 ATTORNEYS, EXAMINATION OF.. 117 APPEALS, COURT OF ATTORNEYS, STATE’S 193 See Court of Appeals AUDITOR, STATE 28 APPEALS, TAX 29 appointment of 28 APPELLATE JUDICIAL CIRCUITS, powers and duties of 28 MAP OF 166 Austin, Charles S., Jr 119 APPLE COMMISSION, STATE 92 AUTOMOBILES Appleman, C. 0 55 See Motor Vehicles, Department of APPOINTMENTS, EXECUTIVE AVIATION COMMISSION, STATE. 39 21, 23, 138 Ayres, Richard W 108 APPROPRIATIONS: State Agencies 25, 30, 171 State-aided Institutions 177 B Archer, Robert H 132 Backhaus, Albert P 107 ARCHITECTS, BOARD OF EXAM- BACTERIOLOGY, BUREAU OF 65 INERS AND REGISTRATION OF BABIES 68 125 Baer, Aaron A 32 ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW, BOARD OF 108 Bailey, Levin C 61 ARCHIVES, BALTIMORE CITY 33 Baker, Holmes D 86 ARCHIVES. MARYLAND Ho Baker, J. R 125 ARCHIVIST, STATE no Baker, John H 54 AREA OF MARYLAND 423 Baker, Joseph D., Jr 54 “ARK,” THE 12 Baker, Richard H 75 ARMORIES: Bald, George H 118 location of 93 Bald, Mollie Edna 35 supervision of 97 Balderston, Lloyd, III 90 Armour, Roy I gg Ball, J. Lee 109 Arner, Dale Howard 82 Ballard, Edward B 84 ARSENAL AND VETERANS MEMO- BALTIMORE CITY: RIAL COMMISSION 114 archives 33 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, area 423 SIGNERS FROM MARYLAND.’ 396 county offices 220 ARTS AND SCIENCES, COLLEGE judicial election returns 238 OF 57 Justices of the Peace 221-223 ASSESSMENTS, SUPERVISORS OF Magistrates 221 29, 206 Marketing Facilities Survey 107 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES OF municipal offices 223-224 THE STATE 183 origin of name 414 "ASSOCIATION OF FREEMEN” . .. 16 People’s Court 168 ATHLETIC COMMISSION, STATE..' 38 population 425, 429, 433 Atkinson, Hamilton R 22, 106 settlement 45 GENERAL INDEX 443 Page Page BALTIMORE CITY—Contimied BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: Supreme Bench 168 Governor 4 taxable basis 188 members of House of Delegates War Memorial Commission 113 149-162 members of Senate 145-149 BALTIMORE COUNTY: area 423 Bird, J. W 64-71 county seat 414 BIRD OF MARYLAND officers 193-218 pamphlet, back cover origin 414 BIRTHS, REGISTRATION OF 68 population 425, 429, 433 Bishop, W. H., Jr 106 taxable basis 188 BI-STATE CHESAPEAKE-POTOMAC BALTIMORE, LORDS 12, 15, 379 STUDY COMMISSION 132 BALTIMORE METROPOLITAN Bjorlee, Ignatius 64 AREA, SURVEY OF 107 Black, S. Duncan 75 Bandiere, Charles M 130 Blackwell, J. D 52 BANK COMMISSIONER, STATE ... 34 Bledsoe, C. Warren 55 appointment of 34 BLIND, WORKSHOP FOR 55 powers and duties of 34 activities of 55 BANKING BOARD 35 Board of Trustees of 55 BAR, MARYLAND STATE 23, 117 Bloom, William C 42 Blucher, Lawrence K 79 BARBER EXAMINERS, BOARD OF 120 Blum, Albert H 44 Barber, Ninion 91 Bohnenberg, William F 75 Bare, S. Luther 79 BOILER RULES, BOARD OF 39 Barnes, C. W 48 composition of 39 Barnes, Wilson K 117 powers and duties of 40 BARONS OF BALTIMORE 379 BOILERS, INSPECTION OF 42 Bolton, William P 139 BARRACKS, STATE POLICE 99-100 Bond, Adna R ®4 Barrett, Henry F 75 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS, STATE 183 Barry, Edwin M 82 BOOKS, TALKING, DISTRIBUTION Batemen, Merle S 50 OF 55 Bayles, Charles W 85 Boone, A. Gordon 78, 139 Bayliff, William H 81 Boone, Bertram Lee, II 22, 130 Bayne, Carroll G 123 Boulden, Albert B 122 Beard, Ralph C 44 BOUNDARIES: Beaty, William H. C 121 disputes over 15 BEAUTY CULTURISTS, HAIR- recordation of land 110 DRESSERS AND, BOARD OF. 124 Bowers, Herbert C 113 Beck, George W 139 Bowie, Gertrude N 50 Beck, Raymond C 121 BOWIE STATE TEACHERS COL- BEDDING AND UPHOLSTERY LAW 69 LEGE 52 Benjamin, Harold 55 Bowman, Isaiah 81, 110 Bennett, George E 64 Bowman, J. Darby 128 Benson, Brian M 50 BOXING MATCHES, SUPERVISION Benson, F. Murray 96 OF 38 BOYS, TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR: Benton, Charles L 56 Cheltenham School for Boys (col- Bentz, Frank L 82 ored) 74 Billmire, Garrett 0 107 Maryland Training School 75 444 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page Bradley, Eva M 120 Calvert, Cecil 12 Bradley, R. Emmet 93 Calvert, Charles 15 Brady, William M 74 CALVERT - CLAIBORNE CONTRO- Brice, Arthur H 37 VERSY 13 Brickerd, E. W 85 CALVERT COUNTY: Brock, James P 22 area 423 county seat 414 Brohawn, Mace 73 officers 193-218, 219 BROKERS, LICENSING OF 41 origin 414 Broome, Edwin W 49 population 425, 429, 433 Broun, R. Bascom, Jr 63 taxable basis 188 Brown, Glen D 50, 76 Calvert, George 12 Bryan, J. Wallace ng Calvert, Leonard 12 Bubert, Howard M 49, 93 Cameron, W. Ross 64 Buck, Walter E. 27 Campbell, Charles R 117 Buckingham, H. C 84 CANCER CONTROL, DIVISION OF. 68 BUDGET AND PROCUREMENT, Cantrell, Joseph A 112 DEPARTMENT OF 30 CANVASSERS, STATE BOARD OF. 23 Budget Bureau 30 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS.24, 107, 108 Director of 30 Purchasing Bureau 30-31 CAPPER-CRAMPTON ACT 127 Carliner, Paul E 45 BUDGET, STATE 21, 30, 137 CAROLINE COUNTY: BUDGET SUPERVISOR OF ANNE area 423 ARUNDEL COUNTY 219 county seat 414 BUILDING CODE, STATE 107 officers 193-218 BUILDING INSPECTIONS 36, 127 origin BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS population 425, 429, 433 See Public Buildings and Grounds, taxable basis 188 Superintendent of Carr, Norman E 81 BUILDINGS, STATE, LEASES Carroll, Charles, Jr 79 FOR 25, 30 CARROLL COUNTY: Burkins, Earle R 130 area 423 county seat 414 Burkley, John 40 officers 193-218 Burnett, Louis R 56 origin 414 Burns, Findley 84 population 425, 429, 433 Burrows, Evelyn 0 109 taxable basis 188 Burton, Allan 125 Carter, Floyd J 54 Buscher, Joseph D 32, 49, 113 Carter, James H 61 BUSINESS AND PUBLIC ADMINIS- Carter, Wilmer C 130 TRATION, COLLEGE OF 57 Case, Richard W 32, 39 Butler, William Berkley 78 Cash, Truman B 37 Caspar, John P 92 Butz, Elmer P 40 Castle, Robert S 101 Byrd, Harry Clifton 22, 55 CATHOLICS IN MARYLAND 14 Byrnes, Joseph R 106, 130, 137, 139 CECIL COUNTY: Byrnes, Michael J 72 area 423 county seat 414 C officers 193-218 origin 414 Cabot, John 11 population 425, 429, 433 CADAVERS, DISTRIBUTION OF. . . 63 taxable basis 188 GENERAL INDEX 445 Page Page CEDARVILLE STATE FOREST CHILDREN: PARK 86 abandoned 73 clinics for 68, 69 CENSORS, MOTION PICTURE, crippled, state-aided institutions BOARD OF 40 for 179 CENSUS OF 1940 423 crippled, treatment of 65 delinquent 73 CENTENNIAL BIBLICAL Bee also Training Schools, State INSTITUTE dependent, aid to Bee Morgan State College dependent, state-aided institutions CENTRAL COMMITTEES, STATE: for 178-179 Democratic 241-244 Foster Homes for, licensing of.. 73 Republican 245-249 mentally defective 78, 80 supervision of institutions for.. . 73 CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCUNTANTS, working permits for 42 EXAMINATIONS FOR 118 Childs, William F„ Jr 101 Chairea, John W 139 CHIROPODY EXAMINERS, Chanaud, Norman P 114 BOARD OF 123 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS, CHIROPRACTIC EXAMINERS, SUPERVISION OF 73 BOARD OF 124 CHARLES COUNTY: CHIRURGERY H5 area 423 Christie, A. G 125 county neat 414 CHRONIC DISEASES, HOSPITAL officers 193-218 FOR 70 origin 414 population 425, 430, 433 CHURCH OF ENGLAND, “OFFI- taxable basis 188 CIAL” RELIGION IN MARY- LAND 14 CHARTER OF MARYLAND 251 granted by Charles 1 12 Cinquegranl, Vincent A 120 CHARTERS FOR DOMESTIC COR- CIRCUIT COURTS: PORATIONS, REGISTRATION appeals from 24 OF 30 clerks of 193 judges of 167 CHELTENHAM SCHOOL FOR BOYS 74 judicial circuits, list of 167 CHESAPEAKE BAY FERRY judicial circuits, map of 165 SYSTEM 104 supervision of 24 CHESAPEAKE BIOLOGICAL terms of 416 LABORATORY 88 CIRCUITS, APPELLATE JUDICIAL, CHESAPEAKE-POTOMAC STUDY MAP OF 166 COMMISSION 132 CITIES CHEMISTRY, BUREAU OF 65 See towns, incorporated Chesney, Alan M 71 See also Baltimore City Chichester, Peter Wood 55 CIVIL SERVICE 46 CHIEF ENGINEER OF MARYLAND 107 CIVIL WAR CHIEF JUDGE, COURT OF See War Between the States APPEALS 23 Claiborne, Capt. William 13 CHIEF JUDGES, COURT OF AP- CLAIBORNE-ANNAPOLIS FERRY. 104 PEALS, HISTORICAL LIST OF 395 CLAIBORNE-ROMANCOKE FERRY. 104 Child, Godfrey 112 Clapp, Robert E., Jr 32, 101 CHILD HYGIENE, BUREAU OF... 68 Clark, Helen M 50, 52 CHILD LABOR LAWS, ENFORCE- Clark, James 79 MENT OF 42 Clark, John E 22, 80, 81, 89, 131 CHILD WELFARE SERVICES 73 Clary, Hammond 80 446 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page CLASSIFIED SERVICE 47, 48 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, CLAY MINES 87 BUREAU OF 65' Clayland, Daniel L., Ill 28, 31 COMMUNICATION BUREAU 99 Clements, Mrs. Gny R 106 COMMUNICATION COMPANIES. CLERKS OF CIRCUIT COURTS... 193 SUPERVISION OF 38 Cleveland, Washington 1 106 COMPACT OF 1785 82, 132 Clifton, Harry P 123 Compton, Lillian C 52 COMPTROLLER OF THE CLINICS: TREASURY 25 cancer gg Admissions Tax Division 26 child 68 Alcoholic Beverage Tax Division. 26 dental 69 election returns for 230 mental health 67 Income Tax Division 26 obstetrical 68 powers and duties of 25 orthopedic 65 Retail Sales Tax Division 26 pediatric 68 State License Bureau 26 school 65 COMPTROLLERS OF THE TREAS- tuberculosis 69 tumor 68 URY, HISTORICAL LIST OF. 389 venereal disease 65 CONFEDERATE EMBLEMS 435 x ray 65 CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS HOME, COAL MINING 87 MARYLAND LINE 114 CONGRESS: Coan, Malcolm J 23 Colonial, members from Maryland 395 Coblentz, Oscar B 50 Continental, members from Mary- Codd, William A 101 land 397 CODE, ANNOTATED, DISTRIBU- CONGRESS OF THE UNITED TION OF 109 STATES, MARYLAND MEMBERS: Coffin, John M 117 election returns 228, 231, 401 Coggins, Richard K 44 historical list 393. 404 Colbert, John Thomas 74 1947-1948 delegation 401, 410 Cole, C. Walter 33 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS, Cole, William P., Jr 55 MAP OF 402 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. . 53 Conley, Charles H 54 Collenberg, Henry T 115 123 Conlon, Charles C., Jr 51 Colieran, William L 36 Conner, Capt. Andrew 93 Collier, Rodney 1«>3 Connor, Eugene G 30 Collins, Kathleen 28 Conroy, Lt. Wilbur H gg Collins, Stephen R 23, 109 CONSERVATION: crab 80, 81, 131, 132 Colman, J. Douglas 71 72 Ash 80-82, 88, 131, 132 COMBINED BALANCE SHEET forcst 80, 83, 84 STATE 182 game go. gg COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, MILITIA mineral resources 80, 86, 87 21, 97 oyster 80, 81, 88, 131, 132 COMMISSIONER OF THE LAND soil 58, 80, 86, 88 OFFICE 109 water resources COMMISSIONER OF TOBACCO 80, 86, 88, 89, 129, 133 CONSTITUTION OF MARYLAND. . 265 MARKETING 91 “dex to 363 COMMISSIONERS, COUNTY 196-199 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED COMMON CARRIERS, SUPERVI- STATES, SIGNERS FROM SION OF 3g MARYLAND 396 GENERAL INDEX 447 Page Page CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS: COUNTIES: proposal of area 423 See Constitution county seats 413-416 See also p. 138 court terms 416 referenda on 23, 138 officers 193-220 referenda results of 1945... .233-236 See also individual officers origin of names 413-416 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION population 425, 429, 433 OF 1788, MEMBERSHIP OF.. 396 records Ill CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION taxable bases 188 OF 1776, MEMBERSHIP OF. . 382 COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AGENTS 217 CONSTRUCTION: COUNTY COMMISSIONERS 196-199 hospitals 72, 107 COUNTY HOME DEMONSTRATION housing 113 AGENTS 218 Coppage, John H 36 COUNTY TREASURERS 196 Corbett., R. B 56 COURT OF APPEALS 23 Cordle, J. David 72 Chief Judge 24 Corner, Mrs. Henry E 80 Chief Judges, historical list of. . 395 Circuit Courts supervised by.... 24 Cornish, Charles E 74 Clerk of 24 CORONERS Court Reporter 24 See Deputy Medical Examiners Judges 23, 167 See also Post-mortem Examiners, Judges of, election returns for. . . 237 Department of Judges of, historical list of .... 393 CORPORATIONS: term of 24 domestic: COURT TERMS 416 assessment of 29 COURTS: charters, registration of 30 Circuit Courts 167 foreign: Court of Appeals 23, 167 assessment of 30 Orphans’ Courts 195 registration of 30 People’s Court of Baltimore City. 168 CORRECTION, DEPARTMENT OF. . 93 Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. 168 appointment of board 93 CRAB CONSERVATION penal institutions administered by 93 80, 81, 131, 132 powers and duties of 93 Crawford, George M 51 Welfare and Employment, Division of 93 CREDIT UNION LAW 35 CORRECTION, HOUSE OF 94 Creighton, A. S 81 CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS, Cresap, Thomas 15 PRIVATE, STATE-AID TO... 179 CRIMINAL COURT OF BALTIMORE See also Penal Institutions and CITY 96, 168 Training Schools CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION AND Cory, E. N 88 STATISTICS, BUREAU OF... 99 Cory, Ernest N., Jr 32 CRIMINAL LAWS, ENFOREMENT COSMETIC MANUFACTURING, OF 98 LICENSING OF 120 Cromwell, Chester R 108 Cotterman, H. F 55 Cromwell, R. Floyd 50 Coulbourn, Nelson R 81 Cromwell, Stephen C 44 COUNCIL ON MEDICAL CARE 71 Crook, Howard E 93 COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERN- Cropper, Harry H 113 MENTS 130 CROWNSVILLE STATE HOSPITAL 78 COUNCILS OF SAFETY, MEMBERS Mental Defectives, Division for.. 78 OF 382 Cullen, Thomas S 64 448 GENERAL INDEX Page Page Cullen, Victor F 64, 71 DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAD Culler, Lloyd C 106 COMMITTEES 241-244 Cvach, Jerome C. M 119 DEMONSTRATION AGENTS, HOME, COUNTY 218 D Dempsey, Edna 0 25 Dallam, John W 37 Dempsey, Edwin A 106 DAMS 86, 129 Denmead, Garner Wood...... 82 Daniel, J. L 104 Dennis, George R., Jr 54 Davens, Edward 64 Dennis, Robert G 85 Davidson, Lt. George E 98 DENTAL CLINICS 69 Davies, Arthur J 115 DENTAL EXAMINERS, BOARD OF 114 Davies, E. R 119 Davis, Carl L 63 DENTAL HYGIENIST 114 Davis, Carrington L 61 DEPENDENT CHILDREN, AID TO Davis, John 85 73, 178-179 DEPUTY MEDICAL EXAMINERS: Davis, John R 100 duties of 100 Davis, Russell S 44 list of 214 Dawson, William F 113 Devilbiss, Wilbur 60 Day, Franklin D 88 Dexter, E. B 51 DAY NURSERIES, STATE-AID TO. 179 Di Domenico, Joseph F ...39, 42 Day, William Daniel 114 Digges, Mitchell 90 DEAF, STATE SCHOOL FOR THE. 54 DISEASE CONTROL, CROP 58 courses at 54 DISTRICT ATTORNEYS scholarships at 54 See State’s Attorneys Visitors, Board of 54 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CEDED DEATHS: TO U. S. BY MART LAND 17 investigation of 100 DIVORCE RECORDS . 68 registration of 68 Dixon, Walter T 7fi DECLARATION OF INDEPEND- ENCE, SIGNERS FROM Doherty, Daniel T 42 MARYLAND 396 Dolfield, Frederick A 65 DEEDS, LAND: DONCASTER STATE FOREST. ... . 86 Recorder of Donnell, Mrs. Harold A 76 See Clerks of Courts Donnell, Harold E 93, 96 records of 110 Donovan, J. Davis 64 Deen, Albert L 37 Dopkin, Lee L . . . .44, 73 DEFENSE, STATE DORCHESTER COUNTY: See Military Department area 423 Delaplaine, Edward S 23, 109 county seat 414 Delaplaine, Robert E 54 officers 193-218 DELEGATES, HOUSE OF origin 414 biographical sketches of members population 425, 430, 433 149-162 taxable basis 188 impeachment power 138 Dorsey, Phillip H., Jr 37 roster of members 142-145 “DOVE,” THE 12 Speaker 137 Downey, James A 47 Speakers of, historical list 392 Drechsler, E. Pearl 124 Della, George W 139 Dregant, Charles 113 Delosier, Charles E» 119 DRIVERS’ LICENSES 105 GENERAL INDEX 449 Page Page DRUG MANUFACTURING, LICENS- Supervisors of 203-205 ING OF 120 Supervisors of, Frederick City. . 219 DRUG STORES: ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND inspection of 68, 120 WIRING, INSTALLATION OF, licensing of 120 ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY DRUGGISTS, LICENSING OF 119 BOARD OF EXAMINERS AND DRUGS. FOOD AND, BUREAU OF. 68 SUPERVISORS OF 219 Duckett, T. Howard 102 ELECTRICAL EXAMINERS AND Duffy, Irene M 120 SUPERVISORS, BOARD OF.. 121 DuMez, Andrew G 56, 71 ELECTRICAL EXAMINERS AND Dunnigan, Sister Mary Vincent 120 SUPERVISORS, CALVERT Dyson, W. W 91 COUNTY BOARD OF 219 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN E BALTIMORE CITY 121 Early, Edward 63 Elgin, W. Lee 22, 105, 106 EASTERN SEABOARD CONSERVA- ELK NECK STATE FOREST 86 TION CONFERENCE 131 ELK NECK STATE PARK 86 EASTERN SHORE SANATORIUM.. 70 EMBALMERS, FUNERAL DIREC- EASTERN SHORE STATE TORS AND, BOARD OF 119 HOSPITAL 78 EMERGENCY APPROPRIATION Eckles, W. G 50 FUNDS 25, 30 Edberg, Evelyn Robinson 46 Emerson, George P 39 Edmunds, James R., Jr 108 EMPLOYEES STANDARD SALARY EDUCATION: BOARD, STATE 47 conservation 88 EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES, SUPER- County Boards of 206-208 VISION OF 42 higher 53, 55 EMPLOYMENT COMMISSIONER, Negro 52, 58, 61, 62 STATE 46 State-aided institutions for. .. 180-181 EMPLOYMENT AND REGISTRA- women 53 63 TION, STATE, DEPARTMENT EDUCATION, COLLEGE OF 57 OF 46 EDUCATION, STATE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYMENT SECURITY, DE- OF 50 PARTMENT OF 44 Board of 51 Advisory Council 45 divisions of 51 branch offices of 45 Library Extension, Division of. . 52 Employment Security Board...44, 45 powers and duties of 51 Employment Service Division.... 45 State Teachers Colleges 52 Unemployment Compensation Di- Superintendent of Schools 51 vision 45 Vocational Rehabilitation, Divi- Eney, H. Vernon 33 sion of 51 Engel, John H 117 Eggen, John G 96 ENGINEER, CHIEF, MARYLAND.. 107 Eichert, Arnold H 78 ENGINEERING, COLLEGE OF 57 Elder, Mrs. William V 76 ENGINEERING EXAMINERS, NA- ELECTION DISTRICTS, POPULA- TIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE TION OF 429-432 BOARDS OF 125 ELECTIONS: ENGINEERS, PROFESSIONAL 125 publication of results of 23 ENGINEERS, STATE BOARD OF results of judiciary 237, 238 results of national 228, 231, 401 EXAMINING 116 results of State Eppley, Geary F 56 225, 227, 229, 230, 384 EROSION 58, 86 450 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page ESTIMATES, KEVENUE, BOAED FISCAL AFFAIRS. STATE, SUPER- OF 27 VISION OF 24, 25, 28, 30 ESTIMATES, REVENUE, BUREAU FISCAL INFORMATION 171 OF 27 FISCAL RESEARCH BUREAU 33 Evans, Charles F 119 Fischer, Louis McLane 125 Evans, John A 115 Everstine, Carl N 33, 139 FISH CONSERVATION Every, W. Frank 118 80-82, 88, 131, 132 FISH HATCHERIES 84, 89 Ewalt, Mrs. George L., Jr 63 EXAMINATIONS: FISH, INLAND, DEPARTMENT OF Boards for 114-126 GAME AND 82 high school equivalent 51 FISH AND WILD LIFE mine foreman 88 SERVICE 83, 89 State employment 47 FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF EXAMINING ENGINEERS, STATE TIDEWATER 81 BOARD OF 116 FISHERIES’ FLEET 81 EXECUTIVE APPOINTMENTS Fisk, Helen L 64 21, 23, 138 Fitzgerald, Mrs. William L 76 * EXECUTIVE, CHIEF Flack, Horace E 33, 49, 139 See Governor FLAG OF MARYLAND EXPLOSIVES, PERMITS FOR 36 pamphlet, back cover EXTRADITIONS 21, 96 FLAGS: battle 433 F Confederate 435 Federal Army 434 FAIR BOARD, STATE 90 World War I 436 Fallin, Herbert 31 Fleet, A. Gordon 82 FARM LABOR PROGRAM 45 Fletcher, Elbert L 75 FARMS: FLOWER OF MARYLAND experimental 58 pamphlet, back cover game 83 Fogg, George W 56 FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIERS Fontaine, E. Clarke 50 ACT 38 FOOD AND DRUG ACTS 68 FEEBLEMINDED CHILDREN, FOOD AND DRUGS, BUREAU OF. . 68 TRAINING OF 78, 80 FOOD AND DRUGS, INSPECTION Ferguson, Thomas C 50 OF 68 Ferguson, W. Richard 126 Forbush, Bliss 61 Ferri, Joseph L 113 Ford, Alice J 93 FERRIES 104 FOREST CONSERVANCY Fields, Thomas E. R 114 DISTRICTS ACT 85 Finan, Thomas B 113 FOREST CONSERVATION. .80, 83, 84 FINANCE COMPANIES 35, 37 FORESTS AND PARKS, DEPART- FINANCIAL REPORTS, LOCAL. 31, 33 MENT OF 84 Commission of 85 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY district offices of 84-85 LAW 105 powers and duties of 85 FINES 21, 105 State forests and parks, location FIRE INVESTIGATION BUREAU.. 36 of 86 FIRES. FOREST, CONTROL OF 85 Forster, Henry W 37 FIREWORKS, PERMITS FOR 36 FORT FREDERICK STATE PARK. 86 GENERAL INDEX 451 Pag-e Page FORT MEADE, TRAINING SCHOOL Gardner, Edith P 76 FOR POLICE RECRUITS 99 Gardner, Robert E 79 FORT TONOLWAY STATE PARK. . 86 GARRETT COUNTY: FOSTER HOMES FOR CHILDREN. 73 area 4SJ3 Fowler, Laurence Hall 108 county seat 415 officers 193-218 Fraley, Lawrence M 129 origin 415 Frampton, Mary 63 population 425, 430, 433 France, M. Adele 63 special tax district 129 Frank, Benjamin 125 taxable basis 188 Frank, Margaret Dambly 46 Gary, James A., Jr 75 FREDERICK CITY, SUPERVISORS GASOLINE TAX, COLLECTION OF. 26 OF ELECTIONS OF 219 Gates, Howard E 36 FREDERICK COUNTY: Gaudreau, Paul L 108 area 423 Geatty, J. Sterling 79 county neat 414 officers 193-218, 219 GENERAL ASSEMBLY: origin 414 biographical sketches of population 425, 430, 433 members 145-162 taxable basis 188 distribution of journals of 109 distribution of seats in 137 Freedman, Michael F 38 House of Delegates 137-138 Freeman, Allen W 64 political division of 145 Freimuth, Henry C 100 qualifications for election to.... 137 Frescolm, Joseph 84 roster of members 140-145 Senate 187-138 Fringer, David L. B 44 sessions of 137 Fritz, Herbert G 64 FROSTBURG STATE TEACHERS GENERAL COUNSEL COLLEGE 52 See Public Service Commission GEOLOGY, MINES AND WATER FUEL COORDINATOR, STATE 101 RESOURCES, DEPARTMENT Fuller, Althea 49 OF 86 FUNERAL DIRECTORS AND EM- Commission 86, 87 BALMERS, BOARD OF 119 Mines, Bureau of * 87 Funk, John B 106, 107 powers and duties of 87 Furr, Brooke E 47 George, Harry Y 50 George, Isaac S 106 G George, Joseph M 101 Gadd, John D 117 Gerber, Robert M 120 GaU, Carl P 44 Gibson, Mathew 42 Galt, Dwight B 128 Gilbert, Capt. Bartholomew 11 Galvin, William L 71, 73, 106 Gillis, Andrew C 77 Gambrill, J. H., Jr 82 Gipe, Florence M 56 GIRDLETREE WILDLIFE DEMON- GAMBRILL STATE FOREST PARK 86 STRATION AREA 83 GxV.ME CONSERVATION 80, 82 GIRLS, TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR: GAME AND INLAND FISH, DE- Maryland Training School for PARTMENT OF 82 Colored Girls 75 Commission 82, 83 Montrose School for Girls 76 game farms 83 powers and duties of 83 Goldman, Reuben 115 regional offices of 83 Goldstein, Louis L 131, 139 Gannon, George E 25, 48 Gonder, Bernard 1 84 452 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page Gk>odhan<3, Lester P 79 GWYNNBROOK STATE GAME Goolrick, C. O’Conor 132 FARM 83 Gordon, Albert S 48 Gore, John W 125 H Gorfine, Emanuel 42 Hackney, H. Hamilton.... 79 Gould, Robert 39 Hagel, Anton 79 GOVERNOR, THE 21 HAIRDRESSERS AND BEAUTY attorney to 32 CULTURISTS, BOARD OF... 124 biographical sketch of 4 Haley, James A 112 election of 21 Hall George L 64 election returns for 227, 384 Hall, Harry R 86, 128 portrait of facing page 4 HALL OF RECORDS COMMISSION 110 powers and duties of 21, 22 Archivist 110 qualifications for ofiice of 21 composition of 110 GOVERNOR’S ADVISORY COUNCIL 22 Information, Department of Ill powers of HO GOVERNOR’S COMMISSION ON PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE Haller, Joseph A 42 NEGRO POPULATION 76 Halliday, C. H 64 GOVERNOR’S COMMITTEE ON IN- Hammer, Ralph C 81 TERSTATE COOPERATION. . 130 Hammond, Hall 22, 32, 96, ISO GOVERNOR’S COUNCIL 1777-1838, Haneke, August B 39 MEMBERSHIP OF 386 Haney, John P 100 GOVERNORS, HISTORICAL LIST Hanley, Claude A 36 OF 379, 383 Hanly, William W 54 GOVERNOR’S MILITARY STAFF.. 22 Hanrahan, Edward M 115 Graham, J. William 40 HARFORD COUNTY: area 423 Grant, George C 61 county seat 415 Grason, C. Gus 23 officers 193-218 GRAVES, MILITARY, REGISTRY origin 415 OF 112 population 425, 430, 433 Gray, George B 88 taxable basis 188 Gray, John D 101 Harmon, Guy 90 GREAT SEAL OF MARYLAND Harper, Frank .87, 48 pamphlet, back cover, 23 Harper, James E 44 Green, Ernest E 116 Harper, John K 80 Green, Richard F 126 HARPER’S FERRY, REBELLION GREEN RIDGE STATE FOREST... 86 AT 17 Grier, Ralph H 78 Harris, Charles D 47 Griffith, W. Allen 115 Harris, Ethel 75 Griswold, Col. H. C 56 Harris, Hiawatha R 74 GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS Harrison, Joseph C 92 See Public Buildings and Grounds, Harrison, George T 81 Superintendent of. Hartman, Harry 84 Grove, James H 93 Harvey, J. Edgar 32 Groves, J. William 120 Hastings, J. Walter 117 Gruber, Herman L 102 Haszard, Frank K 56 GUIDANCE, VOCATIONAL 45 Hatchett, Truly 75 Gundry, Lewis P 115 Hatter, Charles W 31 Guttmacber, Mrs. Adolph 76 Hauf, Harry W 116 GENERAL INDEX 453 Page Page Hawkins, Earle T 52, 88 Herman, Nathan B 43 Hayes, Phillip 39 Heskett, Charles Z 39 Hays, Thomas 1 48, 49 Hessey, John H 37 Hazlewood, George F 132 Hewitt, Herman W 91 HEALTH, DEPARTMENT OF 64 Heydecker, Wayne 131 Bacteriology, Bureau of 65 Hibberd, Granville H 76, 90 Board of Health 64 Hickman, L 117 Cancer Control, Division of 68 Hicks, George D 76 Chemistry, Bureau of 65 Child Hygiene, Bureau of 68 Higgins, I. Bradshaw 76 Communicable Diseases, Bureau of 65 HIGHER EDUCATION FOR NE- Dietician 65 GROES, COMMISSION ON... 62 Director of 64 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, Executive Office 65 ADVISORY COUNCIL ON 102 Food and Drugs, Bureau of 68 Health Education program 65 HIGHWAYS Hospital Construction and Admin- See State Roads Commission istration, Division of 69 Zoning of 107 Industrial Health, Division of... 68 Hilgenberg, William F 132 Legal Administration, Division of 69 HILL-BURTON ACT 69, 72, 108 Medical Services, Bureau of. . . . 68 Hill, Milton P 80 Mental Hygiene, Division of... . 69 Nutrition program 65 Hines, Joseph H 54 Oral Hygiene, Division of 69 HISTORICAL SKETCH OF MARY- Personnel and Accounts, Division LAND 11 of 69 Hitchins, Owen E 29, 129 Public Health Nursing, Division Hobbs, Ruth E 51 of 69 Ritchie Hospital 76 Hockley, Chester F 102 Sanitary Districts 64 Hoif, Stanford 130 Sanitary Engineering, Bureau of. 68 Hoffberger, Charles Bertram 106 Tuberculosis Services, Division of 69 Hoffman, Reuben 70 Vital Statistics, Bureau of 68 Hogan, R. Christine 50 HEALTH OFFICERS, COUNTY..64, 213 HOLIDAYS, LEGAL 413 Healy, Joseph P 44, 76 Holland, Eva M 40 Healy, Thomas J 76 Hollander, Sidney 73 Heaps, Marshall 1 92 Holmes, D. O. W 61, 76 HEATING PLANT, STATE 108 Holmes, James T 38 Heatwole, W. S 122 Holter, Edward F 55, 90 Heczko, Carl G 84 Holzer, J. Howard 42 Hedrich, Arthur W 64 HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENTS, Helbig, J. Edward 31 COUNTY 58, 218 Helfrich, W, G 106 HOME ECONOMICS, COLLEGE OF. 57 Heilman, Mrs. Claude B 76 HOME ECONOMICS, EXTENSION Henderson, William L. SERVICE IN 58 Hendrickson, R. Ames. HOME SERVICE FOR BLIND 55 Henry, Josiah F HOMEOPATHIC DOCTORS, LICENS- Henry, William E 74 ING OF 116 HOMEOPATHIC MEDICAL Henry, William E., Jr 52 SOCIETY 115 HENRYTON SANATORIUM 70 HOMES FOR THE AGED: Hepbron, James M 73 licensing of 73 Herman, Augustine H State-aid to 178 454 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page HOMES FOR CHILDREN: Hutzler, Albert D 114 licensing of 73 State-aid to 179 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS 87 Hood, M. Bourman 115 HYGIENE: Hopkins, Gladys T 50 child 68 dental i14 Hopkins, Henry Powell 108 mental 77 Hopkins, Johns 18 oraI 60, 114 Hospelhorn, John D 34 HYGIENE, MENTAL, BOARD OF.. 77 HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION, AD- VISORY COUNCIL ON 72 I HOSPITAL LICENSING, ADVISORY IDYLWILD WILDLIFE DEMON- BOARD ON 71 STRATION AREA 83 HOSPITAL, MINERS 72 IMPEACHMENT OF STATE HOSPITAL, RITCHIE 70 OFFICERS 138 HOSPITALS: See also Constitution Chronic Disease 68, 70 IMPROVEMENTS, PUBLIC. DE- construction of 69, 72, 108 PARTMENT OF 107 licensing of 68, 71 Architectural Review, Board of.. 108 cental 78, 79, 80 Chief Engineer of Maryland 107 State-aid to 177, 178 powers and duties of 10T-108 tuberculosis 70 INCOME TAX: Horigan, Gertrude E 93, 109 appeals 30 HORSE RACING 40 collection of 26 HORSESHOER8, BOARD OF EXAM- INCOME TAX DIVISION 26 INERS OF 171 INDEBTEDNESS, BONDED, HORTICULTURE SOCIETY, MARY- STATE 24, 183 LAND 92 INDETERMINATE SENTENCE.. .93, 95 HOUSE OF CORRECTION 94 INDIAN SPRINGS WILDLIFE DEM- HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ONSTRATION AREA 88 U. S., MARYLAND MEMBERS, INDIAN TRIBES IN MARYLAND. . 11 HISTORICAL LIST OF 404 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT COMMIS- HOUSING: SION, STATE 42 construction 113 composition of 43 directory 113 Medical Board of Occupational HOUSING COMMISSION, Diseases 43 VETERANS’ 113 powers and duties of 43 HOWARD COUNTY: Safety Department 43 area 423 Second Injury Fund 43 county seat 415 INDUSTRIAL FINANCE LAW 35 officers 193-218 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH, DIVISION origin 415 OF 68 population 425, 430, 433 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, SUPER- taxable basis 188 VISION OF 42 Howard, J. Spence 63 INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 43, 44 Howell, Roger 33, 56 INDUSTRY ADVISORY COMMITTEE 101 Howie, Mary T 72 INDUSTRY, LABOR AND, DEPART- Hubbard, Ruth Engel 46 MENT OF 42 Huff, W. J 56 INDUSTRY, WAR RECORD OF 112 Huflington, Paul E 50 INFANT CARE PROGRAM 68 Hurdle, Seth H 70 INFORMATION, DEPARTMENT OF 111 Hurry, J. Donelan 63 Ingelhardt, J. Ted 113 GENERAL INDEX 455 Page Page Ingle, Richard Jamison, J. Vincent, Jr 102 “INGLE’S WAR” 13 Jamison, Richard A ,... 39 INSANITY Jamison, T. Worth, Jr 108, 125 See Mental Hygiene, Board of Janney, Stuart S., Jr 40 INSECT CONTROL 58 Jenifer, H. Courtenay 40 INSPECTOR OF TOBACCO 91 Jenkins, David S 76 INSTALLMENT SALES DIVISION. 37 Jenkins, Martin D 61 INSTALLMENT SALES FINANCE Jenkins, William 72 COMPANIES 37 Jensen, Holger . . . . 106 INSTITUTIONS, STATE-AIDED .177-181 Jensen, Philip J 80 INSURANCE: Jett, Page 71 financial responsibility 105 40 industrial accident 44 JOCKEYS, LICENSING OF Johns, George A 80 INSURANCE DEPARTMENT, STATE 36 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY Commissioner 36 18, 53, 110, 180 Fire Investigation Bureau 36 Johnson, Maj. Edward McK 98 powers and duties of Johnson, Martha 71 Rating Bureau Johnson, Muriel F 75 INTER-GOVERNMENTAL CO- Johnson, William H 85 OPERATION: Governor’s Committee on 130 Jones, Arthur D 83 House Committee on 130 Jones, H. Alvan 126 Senate Committee on 130 Jones, Kenneth B 64, 77 INTER-RACIAL COMMITTEE Joyce, Hazelton A 36 Nee Governor’s Commission on JUDGES: Problems Affecting the Negro Circuit Courts 167 Population Court of Appeals 23, 167, 393 INTER-STATE COMMISSION ON Orphans’ Courts 194 THE POTOMAC RIVER People’s Court of Baltimore City. 168 BASIN 132 Supreme Bench of Baltimore City 168 composition of 132 JUDICIAL CIRCUITS, MAP OF... 165 powers and duties of 133 JUNIOR COLLEGES 52, 54, 68 INTER-STATE COMPACT ON PA- JUSTICES OF THE PEACE ROLE AND PROBATION 96 201-203, 221, 223 INTER-STATE COMPACTS See also Trial Magistrates 80, 81, 96, 130-133 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY.73, 74, 75 INTER-STATE COOPERATION See Maryland Cooperation Commission K INTER-STATE MOTOR CARRIERS, Kahl, Christian H 31 REGULATION OF 38, 105 Kammer, W. H., Jr 100 INVESTMENTS, STATE 28, 183 Kantner, L. M 119 Irr, Henry P 106, 113, 130 Kaufman, Mrs. Frank A 76 Ivens, James W., Jr 83 Kaylor, Joseph F 80, 84 Keating, Thomas P., Jr . 80 J Keiser, Clarence C 126 JAILS, COUNTY, INSPECTION OF. 93 Kelly, Joseph M 38 James, Hershel M 50 Kemp, W. B 56 Jamison, J. V., Ill 54 Kennedy, Walter E 25 456 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page KENT COUNTY: LAND SURVEYORS, PROFESSION- area 423 AL ENGINEERS AND, BOARD county seat 4X5 OF REGISTRATION FOR 125 officers 193-218 origin 415 Lane, William Preston, Jr. population .425, 430, 433 21, 24, 75, 76, 78, 79, 110, 130. 132 taxable basis 188 Langrall, Herbert L 31 KENT ISLAND 13 Lankford, J. Miles 84 Kerns, E. C 83 Lansey, T. Wallis 44 LAW DEPARTMENT, STATE 32 Key, Francis Scott 17 Attorney General 32 Kieffer, John S 110 powers and duties of 32 Kier, William 85 LAW EXAMINERS, BOARD OF 117 Kimble, Margaret W 42 LAW LIBRARY 109 Kimble, Robert B 139 LAWS: King, Malcolm E 82 distribution of . .. 109 KING WILLIAM’S SCHOOL loan .35, 37 See St. John’s College local, enactment of ... 138 preparation of 33, 139 Kirkman, Walter N. Laynor, Roger V 27, 30, 47, 48, 49, 130 . .. 25 Kleger, S. Jack 123 Lazzati, James P ... 113 Kloch, Frederick A 117 Leary, G. Ellsworth ... 81 Kloman, Erasmus H 115 Lebherz, William B 44 LECOMPTE WILDLIFE DEMON- Knapp, William G 79 STRATION AREA 83 Knotts, E. Paul 55, 115 Lee, E. Brooke 126 Knox, J. H. Mason, Jr 64 Lee, J. Tyson 54 Kohler, George H 122 LEGAL ADMINISTRATION, DIVI- Kolmer, Harold Smith 82 SION OF 69 Kolodny, Joseph 76 LEGAL EXAMINERS 117 Kreis, E. Lee 108 LEGAL HOLIDAYS 413 Legge, John E 115 L LEGISLATION, PROMOTION OF UNIFORMITY OF, COMMI8- LABOR: SIGNERS FOR 33 disputes 42 farm 45 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL 139 statistics 42, 45 composition of 139 powers and duties of .139-140 LABOR AND INDUSTRY, DEPART- Research Division . . . . 140 MENT OF 42 LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE, DE- Commissioner 42 PARTMENT OF 33 powers and duties of 42 Fiscal Research Bureau. .. . 33 LABORATORIES 58, 65, 89, 90 powers and duties of 83 Lacy, James J. LEGISLATURE 22, 24, 25, 27, 31, 35, 48, 49, 75 See General Assembly 78, 79, 110 Lemmert, William 72 Ladson, Thomas 117 Leonard, Richard C 64 Lake, Lewis W 75 Lerner, Guy E 89 LAND OFFICE, COMMISSIONER OF 109 Levin, Harry 114 appointment of 109 Levinson, Sol 119 powers and duties of 109-110 Lewis, John E 44 GENERAL INDEX 457 Page Page LIABILITIES AND ASSETS OF LOAN COMPANIES, INDUSTRIAL, THE STATE 183 SUPERVISION OF 35 LIBRARY COMMISSIONS, LOAN LAWS, ADMINISTRATOR OF 37 PUBLIC 52, 216 appointment of 37 LIBRARY EXTENSION, DIVISION Installment Sales Division 37 OF 52 powers and duties of 37 LIBRARY FUND, PUBLIC 52 LOBBYISTS, REGISTRATION OF.. 23 LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OFFICERS LIBRARY, PRATT, FOUNDING- OF 18 OF 193-223 LIBRARY, STATE 109 See also individual officers General Reference Library 109 Law Library . 109 Lockard, G. Carroll 71 Librarian 109 Lofstrand, Anders R., Jr 139 Library Committee 109 Long, Edgar F 56 LIBRARY TRUSTEES, COUNTY... 216 Longfellow, Jonathan 82 LIBRARIES: Lord, J. Wilson 84 depository of State publications LORDS PROPRIETARY 379 33, 109, 111 Lore, Joseph C., Jr 86 guidance to 52 State-aid to 52 Lottier, William A..... 75 LICENSE BUREAU, STATE 26 Lowe, Denton S 36 LICENSE COMMISSIONERS 27, 214 Lowndes, Tasker G 22, 50, 54 LICENSE LAWS, ENFORCEMENT Luber, John C 139 OF 26 Lubinski, C. J 100 LICENSES: Luedtke, Raymond 85 aviation 39 Luke, Evelyn C 122 boxing 38 LUNACY COMMISSION brokers 41 See Mental Hygiene, Board of cosmetic manufacturers 120 drivers’ 105 Lyons, J. B 70 homes for aged 73 homes for children 73 Me hospitals 68, 71 installment sales finance com- McAdams, Thomas B 76 panies 37 McAllister, J. Otis 139 jockeys 40 McArthur, Helen De Corse 95 liquor 25, 27, 214, 215 McBride, Dorothy F 120 motor vehicles 105 nursing homes 68 McCain, E. Dwight 92 race tracks 40 McCain, Russell H 101 real estate agencies 41 McCallum, J. A 70 tobacco 91, 92 McCormick, Charles P 55 water well drillers 87 wrestling 38 McCurdy, Joseph P 44 LICENSING BOARDS 114-126 McCusker, Joseph 0’C...24, 25, 31, 47 Lilly, Edward L 119 McCusker, Philip T 32, 44 Linder, Kathryne C 124 McDonagh, Thomas P 38 Lines, Philip D 83 McDonald, Harry M 50 Linhardt, Elmer G 78 McDougle, Ivan E 61 LIQUOR CONTROL BOARDS.. .214-215 McGarry, J. Edmund 44 LIQUOR LICENSE McGeeney, Owen R. E 105 COMMISSIONERS 27, 214-215 McGraw, James F 78 Little, S. Virginia 107 McGuirk, James J 113 TilVESTOCK PRODUCTION, AID IN 58 McKee, Paul W. 89 458 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page McLain, Joseph H 89 MARYLAND—Continued McLaughlin, David Kenneth 130 Congressional Districts in 402 McLean, Gordon D 126 Congressmen from 404-410 Constitution of 265 McLean, W. 0 72 District of Columbia ceded by... 17 McMillin, P. J 71 flag of pamphlet, back cover McMullen, John 129 flower of pamphlet, back cover McNicholas, Thomas G 113 Governors of ....379, 380, 383, 384 Great Seal of. 23, pamphlet, back cover McSweeney, Joseph M 36 historical sketch of 11 information about Ill M legal holidays of 413 Mackey, Walter J 72 Lords Proprietary of 379 newspapers of 487-439 MAGISTRATES, BALTIMORE CITY 221 origin of name of 12 MAGISTRATES, TRIAL 199-201 population of 423, 425-433 See also Justices of the Peace principal officers, historical list of 377 MAGNETIC SURVEYS 87 radio stations of 440 Main, Irwin 1 126 song of 17, pamphlet, back cover Maldeis, Howard J 100 towns of 413 tree of pamphlet, back cover MALES, REFORMATORY FOR 95 U. S. Senators from 393 Malone, W. Twilley 125 MARYLAND AT A GLANCE 10 Manakee, Harold R 112 Manning, Richard C 112 MARYLAND COOPERATION COM- MISSION 130 Me union, John P 48, 49 composition of 130 MAPS: functions of 130 Appellate Judicial Circuits 166 Congressional Districts 402 MARYLAND GAZETTE 109 Judicial Circuits 165 MARYLAND LINE CONFEDERATE Location of State Institutions... 66 SOLDIERS HOME 114 Marbury, Ogle 23, 109, 110, 167 MARYLAND MANUAL ill Marcus, Mrs. Harry L 106 “MARYLAND, MY MARYLAND'* MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION, 17, pamphlet, back cover ATLANTIC STATES 131 MARYLAND - NATIONAL CAPITAL Marino, Frank C 73 PARK AND PLANNING COMMISSION 126 Markell, Charles 23, 167 appointment of 127 MARKETING: powers and duties of 127 agriculture 58, 107 taxes levied by 128 services 58 tobacco 91, 92 MARYLAND PENITENTIARY 94 Markey, D. John 54 MARYLAND REPORTS 23, 109 MARRIAGE RECORDS 68 MARYLAND STATE COLLEGE..58, 59 MARYLAND TRAINING SCHOOL Martin, M. E 84 FOR BOYS 75 Martin, M. E., Jr 85 MARYLAND TRAINING SCHOOL MARYLAND: FOR COLORED GIRLS 75 area of 423 battle flags of 433 MARYLAND, UNIVERSITY OF bird of pamphlet, back cover See University of Maryland boundary disputes of 15 Mason, Norman C 78 Charter of 251 Masson, John C 37 colleges and universities, MATERNITY PROGRAM, accredited 53 EMERGENCY 68 GENERAL INDEX 459 Page Page Mathews, Baxter L 75 MILITARY DEPARTMENT 96 Adjutant General 97 Mathias, Charles McC 54 powers and duties of 97 Mattingly, Joseph C 76 Quartermaster General’s Depart- Mauck, Elwyn A 38 ment 96 Maxwell, Jesse D 78 Ranking Line Officer 97 May, Robert B 78 MILITARY GRAVES, REGISTRY MAYORS OP TOWNS 4X8 OP 112 Medford, Col. Leslie 96 MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS, MEDIATION OP LABOR DISPUTES 42 DEPARTMENT OF 57 MEDICAL BOARD FOR OCCUPA- MILITARY STAFF, EXECUTIVE.. 22 TIONAL DISEASES 43 MILITIA, COMMANDER-IN- MEDICAL CARE: CHIEF 21, 97 agencies for 64, 71, 72, 77 Miller, Edward A 91 institutions for 70, 72, 78, 79 Miller, Leo V 78 State-aided institutions for., 177, 178 Miller, Percy 85 study of 107 Miller, William H 121 MEDICAL CARE, COUNCIL ON 71 MINE INSPECTORS 87 MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL FACULTY 115 MINERAL RESOURCES CONSER- MEDICAL EXAMINERS, BOARDS VATION 80, 86, 87 OP 115 MINERS HOSPITAL 72 MEDICAL EXAMINERS, DEPUTY MINES, BUREAU OF 87 100, 214 MINES AND WATER RESOURCES, MEDICAL SCHOOLS 56, 57, 59, 63 GEOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF 86 MEDICAL SERVICES, BUREAU OP 68 Minke, Joseph A 82 Meeks, H. E 34 MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS, Meise, Royden S 44 POPULATION OF 429-432 MINORS Melnicove, Bernard S 139 See Children MEMORIAL COMMISSION, ARSENAL AND VETERANS.. 114 Misch, J. B 101 MEMORIAL, WAR IIS Mixon, Battie 83 MENTAL DEFECTIVES, DIVISION Mohr, John J 85 FOR 78 Molten, Nelson J 109 MENTAL DEFECTIVES, WHITE... 80 MONTGOMERY COUNTY: area 423 MENTAL HOSPITALS 78-80 county seat 415 MENTAL HYGIENE, BOARD OF. . . 77 officers 193-218, 219 Commissioner 77 origin 415 powers and duties of 77 parks in 126, 127 MENTAL HYGIENE, DIVISION OF 69 population 425, 430, 433 sanitation in 129 MERCHANDISING FUND 92 special tax area 126, 127, 129 MERIT SYSTEM LAW 47 taxable basis 188 Merrill, George G 100 zoning in 126, 127 Merryman, Louis McL 90 MONTGOMERY COUNTY GAME Messick, William P 31 FARM 83 METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS 126 MONTROSE SCHOOL FOR GIRLS.. 76 Metzger, A. Burton 106 Moody, John A 114 Miles, Hooper S 22, 24, 27, 28, 48, Moore, Joseph Earle 64 49, 75, 78, 79, 81 Morgan, Edwin F. A 93 460 GENERAL INDEX Page Page Morgan, Horace M 50 NATURAL RESOURCES, BOARD OF 80 MORGAN STATE COLLEGE 61 appointment of 80 Board of Trustees 61, 62 associated departments 81 courses at 62 powers and duties of 81 See also Teachers’ Retirement NAVIGATORS, AIR, LICENSING OF 39 System NEGRO EDUCATION 52, 58, 61, 62 Morgenstern, Jacob 78 NEGRO POPULATION, GOVER- Morsell, John B 91 NOR’S COMMISSION ON MORTGAGES, LAND, RECORD OF. 110 PROBLEMS AFECTING 76 Moss, Elizabeth 78 Nelson, John M 84 MOTION PICTURE CENSORS, Newman, Parsons 117 BOARD OF 40 NEWSPAPERS: MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS daily 437 23, 99, 105, 106 weeldy 433 MOTOR VEHICLES, DEPARTMENT Nicholas, Dallas F 75 OF 105 Nichols, Elijah E 114 Commissioner 105 Nicholson, Jesse F 126 powers and duties of 105 Nicholson, William G 41 MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS, ENFORCEMENT OF 98 Noble, William D 71, 72 MOTOR VEHICLE REVENUE Noppinger, Michael A 105 FUND 103, 105 Northam, Edgar H 124 Mount, M. Marie 56 Nossel, Bernard 25 MT. WASHINGTON STATE PARK. 86 Norwood, Elizabeth F 120 MT. WILSON SANATORIUM 70 NURSERIES, DAY, STATE-AID TO 179 MOVING PICTURE MACHINE OP- NURSES, BOARD OF EXAMINERS ERATORS, BOARD OF EX- OF 120 AMINERS OF 123 NURSING: Moylan, Charles E 54 homes, licensing of 68 Mulleneaux, A. E 87 practical, school for 79 Mullikin, Oliver S 78 public health 69 Munshower, Elmer F 114 Nuthead, William 15 Murphy, Carl J 61 NUTRITION PROGRAM 65 Murphy, Howard H. 75 Nuttle, Harry A 55 Murphy, Tayloe 132 Muth, William J 76 o MUTUAL SAVINGS BANKS 34 Ober, Col. Beverly 49, 98, 100, 106 Myers, F. Ross 35 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 43, 68 Myers, John J 36 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, MEDI- CAL BOARD FOR 43 N O'Connell, Richard C 113 Nash, Carroll B 88 O'Dell, William 50 NATIONAL CAPITAL PARK AND O’Donnel, James J 107 PLANNING COMMISSION, MARYLAND 120 O’Donnell, Louis J 21 NATIONAL DEFENSE ACT OF 1922 97 Ogle, Maurice 23 NATIONAL GUARD: OIL HEAT ASSOCIATION 101 commander-in-chief of 21 OLD AGE ASSISTANCE 73 record of members of 97 OLD AGE HOMES 73, 178 troops allotted to 97-98 OPEN-PIT MINING 88 GENERAL INDEX 461 Page Page 2 Oppenheimer, Reuben 22, 93 PEDIATRICIANS I ® OPTOMETRY, BOARD OP EXAMI- PEGGY STEWART 16 NERS IN 122 PENAL FARM, STATE ORAL HYGIENE, DIVISION OF... 69 See Reformatory for Males Orem, Nicholas 50 PENAL INSTITUTIONS 93, 94, 95 ORPHANS’ COURT: PENITENTIARY, MARYLAND 94 Clerks of Penniman, A. L 39 See Registers of Wills Penniman, A, L., Jr 64 Judges of 195 terms of 416 PENSIONS 48, 49 Osbourne, Norman E 124 Pentz, Mervin A 66 OSTEOPATHIC EXAMINERS, PEOPLE’S COUNSEL 38 BOARD OP 122 PEOPLE’S COURT OP BALTIMORE Owens, Walter D 22, 46, 47, 48 CITY 168 OYSTER COMMISSION Perry, C. A 64 See Tidewater Fisheries, Depart- Perry, Willie Greene Day 79 ment of PERSONNEL AND ACCOUNTS, OYSTER CONSERVATION DIVISION OP 69 80, 81, 88, 131, 132 Peverly, Sydney D 84 Pfeiffer, Karl E 64 P PHARMACY, BOARD OF 119 Palmer, Robert 1 84 Phebus, Beniamin P 82 Palmer, Robert V 63 Phillips, George W 104 Pangborn, Thomas W 73 Phoebus, Harry T 76 Pannebaker, William 115 PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED: PARDONS 21, 96 placement of 45 PARK AND PLANNING COMMIS- State-aided institutions for 179 SION, MARYLAND-NATIONAL training of 51, 54, 55 CAPITAL 126 PHYSICAL THERAPY, BOARD OP 2 PARK TAX, COLLECTION OF 127 EXAMINERS 1 6 PARKS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE PHYSICIANS, LICENSING OP 116 FORESTS AND 84 Pickall, A. J 85 PARKS, STATE, LOCATION OF. . . 86 Pierson, John W 43 PAROLE 21, 93, 96 PILOTS, REGISTRATION OP 39 PAROLE AND PROBATION, DIVI- Pincoffs, Maurice C 64, 72 SION OF 96 PINE BLUFF SANATORIUM Commissioner 96 See Eastern Shore Sanatorium powers and duties of 96 PLANNING COMMISSION, BALTI- Parr, William A 84 MORE CITY 224 Parsons, Lawrence 85 PLANNING COMMISSION, MARY- Pasarew, I. Alvin 106 LAND - NATIONAL CAPITAL PATAPSOO STATE FOREST PARK 86 PARK AND 126 Patterson, George D. P 83 PLANNING COMMISSION, STATE. 106 composition of 106 Patterson, J. Milton 22, 55, 71, 73 powers and duties of 106, 107 Paulhamos, Jack E 84 PLATS, RECORDING OP 110 Paxson, Roger C 25 Pleasants, J. Hall 110 PAY PLAN. STATE 47 PLUMBING, PRACTICAL, COMMIS- Peabody, George 18 SIONERS OP 115 Peach, Samuel Marvin 54 POCOMOKE STATE FOREST 86 462 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page POLICE, STATE, DEPARTMENT OP 98 PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY—Continued POLICE, STATE, RETIREMENT parks in 126, 127 AND PENSION FUND 49 population 425, 431, 433 sanitation in 129 POLICE TRAINING SCHOOL 99 special tax area 126, 127, 129 POLITICAL PARTIES, OFFICERS taxable basis 188 OF 241, 245 zoning in 126, 127 POPULATION: PRINCESS ANNE COLLEGE counties 425 See Maryland State College Election Districts 429-432 estimated, 1947 433 PRISON CONTROL, BOARD OF Maryland 423, 425-433 See Correction, Department of Minor Civil Divisions 429-432 PRISONERS, EMPLOYMENT OF.. 93 towns, incorporated 425-432 urban places 425, 426 PROBATION 21, 93, 96 Proctor, Bertha B 74 Posey, W. B 91 POSTMORTEM EXAMINERS, DE- PROCUREMENT SERVICES, STATE 30 PARTMENT OF 100 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS AND POTOMAC, CHESAPEAKE, BI- LAND SURVEYORS, BOARD STATE STUDY COMMISSION 132 OF REGISTRATION FOR 125 POTOMAC RIVER BASIN, INTER- PROPERTY: STATE COMMISSION ON 132 assessment of 29, 206 POTOMAC RIVER BOARD 129 State-owned 24, 184 POTOMAC RIVER BRIDGE 103 Proutt, J. Edward 91 POTOMAC RIVER COMMISSION, PROVINCIAL CONVENTIONS: UPPER 129 Constitutional 382 POTOMAC RIVER CONSERVANCY 1774-1776 381 DISTRICT 133 PSYCHIATRIC SERVICE 69 POTOMAC STATE FOREST 86 PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS, BOARD OF EXAMINERS OF 118 Potthast, Michael J 28, 31 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, COL- Powell, Albert M 82 LEGE OF 57 Powell, Shepperd T 89, 125 PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS Powers, Frank 112 SUPERINTENDENT OF 108 Powers, M. A 25, 41 PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, PRACTICAL NURSING, SCHOOL DIVISION OF 69 FOR 79 PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS, Pratt, Enoch 18 DEPARTMENT OF 107 Preinkert, Alma H 56 PUBLIC LIBRARY COMMISSIONS Preis, Kyrle W 114 52, 216 Prentis, Morton M 35 PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION.. 37 composition of 37 PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, General Counsel 37, 38 HISTORICAL LIST OF 390 People’s Counsel 37, 38 Preston, George H 71, 72, 77 powers and duties of 38 Price, William H 117 PUBLIC WELFARE, DEPARTMENT Prince, David 0 84 OF 73 PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY: PUBLIC WORKS, BOARD OF 24 area 403 composition of 24 county seat 415 powers and duties of 24, 25 officers 193-218 PUBLIC WORKS, DEPARTMENT OP oriffin 415 See State Roads Commission GENERAL INDEX 463 Page Page PUBLICATIONS, STATE: RECORDS: depositories for 33, 109, 111 birth 08 titles of county HI See Individual Agencies death 68, 100 depository of 110 Puderbaugh, Frederick A 32 disposal of 25, 111 Pugh, Edward 123 divorce 68 Pullen, Thomas G., Jr 49, 50 land 109, 110 Pullens, Mildred H 117 marriage 68 military 97, 111, 112 Pumphref, Leroy 139 reproduction of 110, 111 PURCHASING BUREAU 30 State HO Purnell, L. Franklin 27 vital statistics 68 Purvis, J. Oliver 71 RECORDS, HALL OF 110 Pyle, J. Freeman 55 RECREATION TAX, COLLECTION OF 127 Q RECREATIONAL AREAS 84, 126 QUEEN ANNE’S COUNTY: Reed, George W 47 area 423 REFERENDA: county seat 415 conduct of 23, 138 officers 193-218 results of Constitutional Amend- origin 415 ments, 1945 233-236 population 425, 431, 433 taxable basis 188 REFORMATORY FOR MALES 95 QUARTERMASTER. GENERAL’S REFORMATORY FOR WOMEN 95 DEPARTMENT 96 Reger, Frank A 115 REGIONAL DISTRICTS... 126, 128, 129 R REGISTERS OF WILLS 194 RACE RELATIONS, COMMISSION REGISTRY, MONTGOMERY COUN- ON 76 TY PERMANENT BOARD OF. 219 RACING COMMISSION, MARYLAND 40 REHABILITATION: composition of 40 blind 55 powers and duties of 40, 41 deaf 54 Racing Fund 41 vocational 51 Relief Fund 41 Reid, James L 50 Radoliffe, George L 110 Reidt, Wallace 76 RADIO STATIONS: Reilly, Simon F 42 FM 440 standard band 440 Reindollar, Robert M...22, 64, 101, 106 RELIGION: Radoff, Morris L 110 “official” 14 Ragland, T. Ellsworth 119 Toleration Act 13 Pamsburg, Jacob R 139 Rennie, James G 30 Ramsey, Cecil 84 REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1943. . 23 Randall, James R.. . .pamphlet, hack cover REPRESENTATIVES, U. S.: RANKING LINE OFFICE 97 election returns 231 Ratchforc, William S 55 members from Maryland 404-410 RATING BUREAU 36 REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL Rawa, Edmund 42 COMMITTEES 245-249 Ray, Mrs. J. Enos 73 RESEARCH: agricultural 58 Raymond, Henry Russell 95 conservational 88 REAL ESTATE COMMISSION 41 economic 107 Reckord, Mao. Gen. Milton A 22, 96 fiscal 33 464 GENERAL INDEX

Page Page RE SEARCH—Continued Rosenbaum, Herbert H 27 inventory of programs 107 Rothchild, Stanford Z 55 legislative 33, 140 social 107 Rovelstad, Howard 56 Royer, Earl L 100 RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, DE- PARTMENT OP 88 Ruhl, Harry C .96, 113 Commission 88 Russell, Carl P 114 Chesapeake Biological Laboratory 88 Russell, Henry 115 Conservation Research Program. . 88 Ruth, Walter N 101 powers and duties of 88, 89 weather service 89 Rutledge, John H 87 Ryan, Edward 72 RESERVOIRS 68, 87, 129 Ryon, J. P ox RETAIL SALES TAX DIVISION.. 26 RETIREMENT SYSTEMS 48, 49 s REVENUE ESTIMATES, BOARD OP 27 REVENUE ESTIMATES, BUREAU SAFETY: OP 2 y industrial 43, 44 mining S7 REVENUE FUND, MOTOR traffic 99, 106 VEHICLE 103, 105 SAFETY CONFERENCE, SPONSOR- REVOLUTIONARY WAR, PARTICI- SHIP OF 43 PATION OP MARYLAND IN. 16 SaJmi, M. Catherine 44 REVOLVING FUND 3i Rice, G. Herbert 79 ST. JOHN’S COLLEGE. 15, 53, 110, 180 ST. MARY’S CITY .. 13 Rice, M. Eleanor 51 ST. MARY’S COUNTY: Rich, Arnold R 100 area 423 Richards, Esther L 3o county seat . 415 Richardson, Lloyd N 64 officers 193-218 Ridgley, Capt. R. M 98 origin 415 population . . 425, 431, 433 Rieck, Harry 90 taxable basis 188 Riggs, Lawrason of J 75 ST. MARY’S FEMALE SEMINARY. 63 Riley, Robert H..22, 64, 71, 72, 76, 89, SALARY BOARD, STANDARD, 100, 106, 115, 119, 126 STATE EMPLOYEES 47 Rinehart, D. Eldred 92 SALES TAX, COLLECTION OF.... 26 RITCHIE HOSPITAL 70 SALISBURY STATE TEACHERS RIVER: COLLEGE 52 pollution 68, 89, 133 Sanimis, Ethel E. 51 Potomac 129, 132 Savage 129 Sanders, Elizabeth 42 ROADS BOARD, FREDERICK Sanford, Mrs. John L 78 COUNTY 219 Sangston, Lawrence P 107 ROADS COMMISSION, STATE 101 SANITARY COMMISSION OF ANNE Roberts, Dean 64 ARUNDEL COUNTY 219 SANITARY COMMISSION, WASH- Robertson, Clarence 78 INGTON SUBURBAN 128 Robertson, P. S 77 SANITARY DISTRICTS Robinson, J. Ben 55 See Health, Department of. Robinson, Jerome 139 SANITARY ENGINEERING, Rogan, Joseph H. A 29 BUREAU OF 68 ROMANCOKE-CLAIBORNE PERRY. 104 Sasscer, Agnes C 63 ROSEWOOD STATE TRAINING SAVAGE RIVER DAM 129 SCHOOL 80 SAVAGE RIVER STATE FOREST . . 86 GENERAL INDEX 465 Page Page SAVINGS BANKS, MUTUAL 34 SEWAGE 68, 89, 128, 133 Sayles, Harold A 56 Seward, Paul 85 SCALES, COAL DEALERS’, IN- Shaffer, Stewart S 70 SPECTION OF 88 Shamer, Maurice E 115 Schackelford, William T., Sr 55 1 Sharpe, Horatio 16 Schaefe:, El wood E 103 Shaw, Alexander P 76 Schilling, Benjamin Steven, Jr 31 Shaw, Harry B 54, 128 Schilpp, E. Allen 55 Shaw, Lacy 128 Schilpp, John G 55 Sheehan, William Mason 39 Schlosser, Henry W 85 Shellenberger, H. D 122 SCHOLAJ*.SHIPS FOR NEGROES.. 62 SHELLFISH COMMISSION SCHOLARSHIPS, STATE... 63, 180-181 See Tidewater Fisheries, Depart- SCHOOLS: ment of. accredited 53 accrediting of 51, 118 Shepperd, Douglass 71 aeronautical (licensing of)...... 39 Shepperd, Stanforth 91 clinics in 68 SHERIFFS 194 County Superintendents of. . .208-209 Sherman, B. Frank 104 State Superintendent of 51 Schroeder, D. Marshall 105 Sherwood, John R 106 Schuerholtz, Louis R 27 Shields, George B 82 Schuster, Marie E 124 Shipley, Angela M 120 Scott, Eugene W 92 Shipley, Frank E 80 Scrivner, DeLancey B 42 Shircliff, Leonard L 36 SECOND INJURY FUND 43 Shires, Dorothy 51 Sinclair, Charles M 112 SECRETARIES OF STATE, HIS- TORICAL LIST OF 388 Singewald, John T., Jr 80, 86 SECRETARY OF STATE 22 Sinn, Walter E 54 appointment of 22 Sisk, A. Fletcher 73 powers and duties of 22, 23 Sklar, Albert L 130 See, Charles M 55, 130 Skordas, Gust no Seeders, William E 85 SLAVERY, ABOLISHMENT OF 17 Seidel, John J 50 Slicher, James P 64, 126 Seidenspinner, Arthur H 41 Small, Frank, Jr 40 Seltzer, Morris J 122 SMALL LOAN COMPANIES 37 SENATE, STATE: biographical sketches of Smith, Albert N 76 members 145-149 Smith, Elizabeth G 73 Committee on Inter-Governmental Smith, F. Noel 71 Cooperation 130 Smith, Fulcher P 82 Executive appointments confirmed Smith, Harold K 92 by 138 impeachment cases tried by 138 Smith, J. Vaughn 101 Presidents, historical list of. . . . 390 Smith, Capt. John n qualifications for election to 137 Smith, Kermit F 124 roster of members 140-141 Smith, Michael P 80 SENATORS, U. S.: election results 1913-1946 401 Smith, Winford H 711 72 election returns 1946 228 Snyder, Charles F 96 historical list of Maryland 398 SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 45 SETH DEMONSTRATION STATE SOIL CONSERVATION...58, 80, 86, 88 FOREST 86 SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE.. 83 466 GENERAL INDEX Page Page SOLDIERS HOME, CONFEDERATE, STATE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZA- MARYLAND LINE 114 TION CHART before page 21 Sellers, Allan A 81 STATE GUARD 97 SOMERSET COUNTY: See also National Guard area 423 STATE HOSPITALS: county seat 415 officers 193-218 mental 77, 78, 79 origin 415 Miners 72 population 425, 431, 433 Ritchie 70 taxable basis 188 tuberculosis 70 STATE INSTITUTIONS, MAP OF. . 66 SONG- OF MARYLAND 17, pamphlet, back cover STATE LIBRARY 109 Soper, Morris A 61 STATE LICENSE BUREAU 26 Sothoron, L. Harold...63, 130, 132, 139 STATE PLANNING COMMISSION. 106 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF STATE POLICE, DEPARTMENT OF 98 DELEGATES, HISTORICAL barracks, location of 99-100 LIST OF 392 Communication Bureau 99 Criminal Identification and Sta- SPECIAL FUNDS, CUSTODY OF. . . 28 tistics Bureau 99 Speicher, Charles M 28 powers and duties of 98-99 Spencer, Hugh R 100 Superintendent of 98 Spittel, Robert 79 Traffic Collision Statistical Bureau 99 Traffic Staff 99 Spittel, Robert J 119 training school 99 Spitznas, James E 50 STATE POLICE RETIREMENT Sprague, Thomas I> 114 AND PENSION FUND 49 SPRINGFIELD STATE HOSPITAL. 79 STATE ROADS COMMISSION 101 SPRING GROVE STATE HOSPITAL 79 Advisory Council on Highway Sprunt, Thomas H 77 Construction 102 appointment of 101 Stafford, John P 44 Chesapeake Bay Ferry System. . . 104 Stamp, Adele H 56 Five-Year Highway Program. . . . 102 STANDARD SALARY BOARD, highways, financing of 102, 103 STATE EMPLOYEES 47 Materials Division 102 “STAR SPANGLED BANNER” 17 Potomac River Bridge 103 Stark, Albert 75 powers and duties of 101-104 Susquehanna River Bridge 103 Starlings, Charles R., Jr 114 toll facilities 103 Stasiek, Henry 85 Traffic Survey Division 102 STATE AGENCIES, APPROPRIA- STATE SANATORIA 70 TIONS FOR 171 STATE SERVICE OFFICER 112 STATE-AIDED INSTITUTIONS: STATE TEACHERS COLLEGES.49, 52 appropriations to 177-181 See also Teachers’ Retirement requirements for 73 System STATE APPEAL BOARD 27 STATE USE INDUSTRIES. .93, 94, 95 STATE BAR, ADMITTANCE TO.24, 117 STATE’S ATTORNEYS 193 STATE EMPLOYEES’ RETIREMENT STATISTICS: SYSTEM 48 accident 42, 44, 99, 106 STATE EMPLOYEES STANDARD agricultural 58 SALARY BOARD 47 education 51 STATE EMPLOYMENT AND REGIS- financial 25, 27, 33, 169 TRATION, DEPARTMENT OF 46 industrial 42 powers and duties of 46-47 labor 42, 45 State Employment Commissioner. 46 natural resources 88 GENERAL INDEX 467 Page Page STATISTICS—Continued SURVEYORS, COUNTY 199 shipping 42 SURVEYORS, LAND 125 traffic 99, 102, 106 SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BRIDGE.. 103 vital 68 SWALLOW FALLS STATE STEAM BOILER INSPECTION LAW 42 FORESTS 86 Stebbins, Ernest L 72 Swenson, Edwin T 94 Steffey, Charles H 41 Sybert, C. Ferdinand 130, 137, 139 Stegman, Edward J 118 Symons, Thomas B 55, 76, 106 Stein, Calvert F 36 Steinberg, S. S 55, 106, 125 T Sterling, E. W 78 TALBOT COUNTY: area 423 Stern, Bessie C 50 county seat 415 Stern, Edith 77 officers 193-218 Steward, Napoleon B 78 origin 415 Stewart, Arthur B 86 population 425, 431, 433 Stewart, James F 75 taxable basis 188 Stewart, Lamar H 101 TALKING BOOK MACHINES 55 Stone, William 14 Tawes, J. Millard 34 Storm, William M 54 TAX: appeals 30 Straus, William L., Jr 63 assessment 29 Stravinsky, Carl 85 basis 188 STREAM POLLUTION 68, 89, 133 collection 26 distribution 26, 41, 102 STRIKES, MEDIATION OF 42 levy 138 STRIP MINING 88 Metropolitan District 127 Stromberg, Paul G 139 rates 1878-1946 189 Regional Districts 127 Stroyer, Elmer R 117 special area.31, 33, 126, 127, 128, 138 Stump, Norman 80 study 27, 33 Sullivan, Abbie M 25 TAX (types) : Sullivan, A. L 64 admission 26 Sullivan, R. Roswell 122 Ad Valorem 129 alcoholic beverages 26, 29 SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC apple 92 BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 108 corporation 26, 29 SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, gasoline 26, 102 STATE 51 income 26, 30 SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS, motor vehicle titling 26, 102, 105 COUNTY 208-209 sales 26 SUPERVISORS OF ASSESSMENTS: Park 127 appointment of 29 property 26, 29 list of 206 racing 41 See also Land Office, Commis- recreation 127 sioner of use 26 TAX COMMISSION, STATE 29 SUPERVIORS OF ELECTIONS. .203-205 composition of 29 SUPREME BENCH OF BALTIMORE powers and duties of 29, 30 CITY: Clerks of Courts 220 TAX DISTRICTS, SPECIAL: court term of 416 establishment of 38 Judges of 168 regional areas, location of 126, 128, 129 SURGEONS, LICENSING OF 115 reports of 33 468 GENERAL INDEX Page Page TAXICABS IN BALTIMORE CITY. 38 TOWSON STATE TEACHERS Taylor, Clara E 124 COLLEGE 52 Taylor, Clarence M 28 TRADE MARKS, REGISTRATION OF 23 TEACHERS: certification of 51 Trader, Arthur 109 training of 51, 52, 61 TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS 99, 105, 106 TEACHERS COLLEGES, STATE... 52 TRAFFIC COLLISION STATISTI- TEACHERS’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM 49 CAL BUREAU 99 TELETYPE SERVICE 99 TRAFFIC SAFETY COMMISSION.. 106 See also State Police, Depart- Temple, Marjorie L 126 ment of. Tennant, Palmer 54 TRAFFIC STAFF 99 Thalheimer, Mrs. Alvin 50 TRAFFIC SURVEY DIVISION 102 THERAPY, PHYSICAL 126 Trail, William E 114 Thomas, Bernard 0 54 TRAINING SCHOOLS, STATE 74, 75, 76 Thomas, Edward P H5 See also Rosewood State Train- Thomas, Ralph L 75 ing School. Thomas, Roger 110 TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES, Thompson, J. Truman 102 SUPERVISION OF 38 Thompson, Robert C 50, 51 Travers, William W 29 TREASURER, STATE 28 Thuman, F. J 51 election of 28, 138 TIDEWATER FISHERIES, powers and duties of 28 DEPARTMENT OF 81 TREA SURERS: Commission 81, 82 county 196 Compact with State of Virginia. . 82 Eastern Shore, historical list of.. 389 powers and duties of 82 State, historical list of 389 See also Atlantic States Marine Western Shore, historical list of. 389 Fisheries Commission, and Bi- State Chesapeake Potomac Study TREASURY, COMPTROLLER OF. . 25 Commission. TREE MARKETING PROGRAM 85 Tingley, Helen C 40 TREE OF MARYLAND Tingley, Thomas J 79 pamphlet, back cover TRIAL MAGISTRATES 199-201 TOBACCO AUTHORITY, MARYLAND 91 composition of 91 See also Justices of the Peace powers and duties of 92 Trimble, Ridgeway 71 TOBACCO, INSPECTOR OF 91 Trimmer, John P Ill TOBACCO MARKETING, COMMIS- TROOPS, ALLOTMENT OF 97-98 SIONER OF 91 Trost, Lillian Hoshall 46 TOBACCO WAREHOUSE, STATE.. 91 Truitt, R. V 80, 88, 89 Todd, Wells W 139 Truitt, Ralph P 64 TOLERATION ACT OF 1649 13 Trussell, A. L 122 TOLL FACILITIES 103 TROUT REARING STATIONS 84 Tolle, Milton 114 TUBERCULOSIS: Toohey, James W 79 clinics for 69 control program 65 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS 87 sanatoria ..69, 70 Towener, M. E 81 TUBERCULOSIS SERVICES, DIVI- TOWNS, INCORPORATED: SION OF 69 list of 418 mayors of 418 Tucker, Chester F 21 population of 425-432 Tucker, Clarence A 76 470 GENERAL INDEX Page Page Walters, John G 89 Waugaman, W. H 122 WAR MEMORIAL COMMISSION.. 113 Weagly, Roy C 90 WAR RECORDS DIVISION 112 Weagly, Mrs. Roy C. F 72 Ward, Albert W 29 WEATHER FORECASTS, TRANS- Ward, Grant E 64 MISSION OF 99 WAREHOUSE, STATE 30 WEATHER SERVICE, STATE..88, 89 Wamken, S. Ralph 37 Webb, Frederick W. C 132 Warren, Harry 1 130 Webb, Oscar E 54 Warren, John 83 Weber, George 0 56 WARS, PARTICIPATION OF Weber, Lt. William H 98 MARYLAND IN: Webster, S. Earl 119 Revolutionary 16 Weidofer, Paul J 113 War Between the States 17 War of 1812 17 Weiss, Harvey H 72 World War I 18 WELFARE, BOARD OF World War II 18 See Correction, Department of WASHINGTON COUNTY: WELFARE BOARD, BALTIMORE area . . . 423 CITY 221 county seat ... 415 officers 193-218 WELFARE BOARDS, COUNTY: origin ... 415 appointment of 73 population . . 425, 431, 433 duties of 73 taxable basis 188 members of 209, 213 WELFARE, PUBLIC, DEPART- WASHINGTON COUNTY GAME MENT OF 73 FARM 83 appointment of State Board. . 73 WASHINGTON SUBURBAN powers and duties of 73, 74 SANITARY COMMISSION... 128 Training Schools supervised by.. 74 appointment of 128 Welfare Boards, County, powers and duties of 129 appointed by 73 WATER: See also Mental Hygiene, Board of control 68, 87, 129 WELLINGTON WILDLIFE DEMON- pollution 68, 88, 89, 133 STRATION AREA 83 resources 68, 86, 88, 107 Wells, Charles J 106 supply 68, 129 wells 87 Wells, Herbert W 126 WATER FRONT COMMISSION 87 Wells, J. Willis 119 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL WELLS, WATER 87 COMMISSION 89 Weltmer, Silas W 79 composition of 90 Westendorf, Earl R 121 powers and duties of 90 Weyforth, W. 0 118 WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION Wheatley, Ernest 0 73 See Geology, Mines and Water Resources, Department of Wheatley, Marie 51 WATER RESOURCES CONSERVA- Wheatley, P. Augustine 91 TION ..80, 86, 88, 89, 129, 133 White, Father Andrew 12 WATER RESOURCES, GEOLOGY, White, James Arthur 74 MINES, DEPARTMENT OF.. 86 White, Lucius R 108, 125 Wathan, Mrs. Felix E 63 Whitehurst, Mrs. John L 55 Watkins, Robert M 126 Whitman, Maj. Ezra B 106 Watner, Abraham 113 Whyte, Edward C 84 Watson, William W 81 Whyte, Violet Hill 74 GENERAL INDEX 469 Page Page Tucker, John T 79 UPHOLSTERY, BEDDING LAW.. 69 Tuerk, Isadore 79 Upole, Elmer 84 Turner, P. C 90 UPPER POTOMAC RIVER Turner, Philip C 55 COMMISSION 129 Turpin, J. R. E 81 URBAN PLACES, POPULATION Tydings, Millard E 55 OF 425-432 USE INDUSTRIES, STATE,. . 93, 94, 95 u USE TAX, COLLECTION OF 26 UNCLASSIFIED SERVICE 46, 47 Usilton, William B., Ill 106 UNDERTAKERS UTILITIES, PUBLIC, SUPER- See Funeral Directors VISION OF 38 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION BOARD y See Employment Security, Valench, Louise M 124 Department of Vaughn, Ernest A 80, 82, 89 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION DIVISION 45 Veach, Car] 131 UNEMPLOYMENT TRUST FUND. . 45 VENDING STANDS FOR BLIND. . 55 UNIFORM ACCOUNTS, COMMISSION VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL.. 65 ON 31 Verazzini, Giovanni 11 See also Auditor, State, and Fiscal VETERANS, ARSENAL AND, Research Bureau MEMORIAL COMMISSION. . 114 UNIFORM SMALL LOAN LAW... 37 VETERANS COMMISSION 112 UNIFORM STATE LAWS 33 Advisory Committee 112 UNIFORM STATE LAWS, NA- Information Centers 112 TIONAL CONFERENCE OF State Service Officer 112 COMMISSIONERS ON 33 VETERANS’ HOUSING UNIFORMITY OF LEGISLATION COMMISSION 113 IN THE UNITED STATES, VETERANS’ ORGANIZATIONS. 112, 113 COMMISSIONERS FOR THE VETERANS, WORLD WAR II, PROMOTION OF 33 RECORDS OF 112 UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. . 53 VETERINARY MEDICAL BOARD. 117 UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND 55 VIRGINIA, STATE OF, COMPACT Arts and Sciences, College of. . 57 WITH 82, 132 Agriculture, College of 57 VITAL STATISTICS, BUREAU OF 68 Business and Public Administra- tion, College of 57 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 45 divisions of 56 VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION. Education, College of 57 DIVISION OF 51 Engineering, College of 57 Voith, Gerald A 36 Extension Service 58 VOTES Graduate School 57 See Elections historical sketch of 58 Home Economics, College of. . . . 57 w Maryland State College 58 Military Science and Tactics, Wachsmuth, Charles 115 Department of 57 Wachter, Frank C 89 Regents, Board of 56 Wagner, H. Milton, Jr 61 Research and Agriculture Experiment Station 58 Wallace. David H 81, 132 schools, location of 56, 57 WALSH-HEALY ACT, ENFORCE- See also Teachers’ Retirement MENT OF 42 System Walsh, Maurice E 123 GENERAL INDEX 471 Page Page WICOMICO COUNTY: WOMEN, REFORMATORY FOR 95 area 423 Wooden, William P 119 county seat 416 officers 193-218 Wooten, Mary M 42 origin 416 WORCESTER COUNTY: population 425, 432, 433 area 423 taxable basis 188 county seat 416 officers 193-218 WICOMICO STATE GAME FARM.. 83 origin 416 Widener, John C 81 population 425, 432, 433 WILDLIFE DEMONSTRATION taxable basis 188 AREAS 83 WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION 42, 44, 68 WILDLIFE RESTORATION ACT... 83 WORKSHOP FOR THE BLIND 55 Williams, Anita 75 WORLD WAR I FLAGS 436 Williams, Huntington 64, 72, 100, 115, 119 Worthington, Leland G 128 \YRESTLING MATCHES, SUPERVI- Williams, J. T 55, 58 SION OF 38 Williams, Lawrence P 63 Wright, Benjamin W 71, 72 Williams, Wallace 54 Wright, J. LeRoy 94 Williams, William W 132 Wrightson, Frank W 35 Willier, B. H 88 Wroth, Peregrine, Jr 72 Willis, J. McKenny, Jr 102 WYE OAK STATE PARK 86 WILLS, REGISTERS OF 194 Wylie, H. Boyd 56 Wilson, Abram S 103 Wilson, Edward N 61, 62, 74 x \yilson, Frank L 34 X-HAY CLINICS 65 Wilson, John F 25 Winokur, L. A 122 Y Winter, Harrison L 32 Young, Hulbert 117 Winters, George 121 Young, James Lloyd 23 Winters, J. Edwin 72 Young, Lowney D 116 Wise, C. E., Jr 72 Young, Ralph 72 Wise, Walter D 72 Young, W. Irvin 27 Wisner, J. Ward 115 Wolff, T. Conrad 43 z Wolman, Paul C 113 Zeller, Howard Robert WOMEN: 83 education for 53, 63 Zimmerman, David W. 50 Junior College for 63 Zinn, Waitman F 77 labor laws 42 ZONING 107, 127

< - \ 4 TUhe State 75ree History

☆ 1608, June—Captain John Smith explores coast of Maryland. 1632, June 20—Charter of Maryland granted to second Lord Baltimore. 1633, November 22—The Ar\ and the Dove sail for “the Capes of the Chesapeake Bay.” 1634, March 25—The Ar^ and the Dove arrive at St, Clements (Blakistonc) Island. 1649—Toleration Act passed. 1694—Seat of government removed from St. Mary’s to An- napolis. 1696—King William’s School founded at Annapolis. 1729, July 30—Baltimore Town erected. 1763—Mason and Dixon begin survey of Mary- land boundary. 1774, October 10—Peggy Stewart, laden with 2,000 pounds of taxable tea, burned. ARYLAND has chosen for its tree the White Oak. 1775, July 26—Formation of “Association of Free- w/ 0 U The magnificent specimen shown here is known as men.” 1776, July 3—Maryland declares her inde- the Wye Oak and is located on the Eastern Shore. It is now owned by the State (Chapter 731, Acts of 1941). pendence. 1776, November—First State Constitu- tion adopted. 1782—Washington College, Chester- ☆ town, chartered. 1783, November 26—Annapolis The Maryland State House, Built 1772 becomes temporary National Capital. 1783, Decem- VYCaryland State Song ber 23—Washington resigns commission in old Senate Chamber, Annapolis. 1784—St. John’s Col- My Maryland. )ames R. Randall. lege, Annapolis, chartered. 1788, April 28—State cMARYLAND’S Convention at Annapolis ratifies Constitution of the United States. 1791, March 30—Maryland cedes Flag,, Seal, Song,, District of Columbia to the United States. 1812—- University of Maryland chartered. 1814, September Flower, ^Bird & Tree 12—British repulsed at the Battle of North Point. 1814, September 13—Bombardment of Fort Mc- tern - pie door, Ma - ry-Iand, my Ma thee I kned! Ma - ry-Iand, my Ma ry-land!ry-Iand! ForA - Tengelife and the death, pa - fortri - woeo» -and ie goreweal. That Thy Henry; Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled ner - er rust, Ma - ry-Iand, my Ma ry-landl Re - mem-ber Car - roll’a ea-cred trust, R^- - ~ (3. ~ Banner.” 1828, July 4—Formal beginning of work on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 1829, October 17—Chesapeake and Delaware Canal opened. 1844 —First telegraph line in the world built between flecked the streets, of Bal-ti-more, AndI be the bat-tle-qneen of yore, Ma-ry-land, my Ma-ry-laodl peer - less cbir - al - ry reveal, And gird thy beauteous hmbewith steel,Ma-ry-land, my Ma-ry-laodl Baltimore and Washington. 1845, October 10— member Howard’s war-like thrust.Andallthy alomb’rers with the jnst^fa-ry-land, my Ma-ry-laodl United States Naval Academy opened at An- napolis. 1861, April 23—“Maryland, My Mary- land” written by James Ryder Randall. 1862, (TZ HE Maryland State song, “Maryland, My Maryland,” September—Battle of Antietam. 1864, July 9— was written by a Marylander who was living in the Confederacy during the War between the States. The air Battle of Monocacy. 1876, October—Johns Hop- is not original; the words reflect the bitter feeling follow- kins University opens. 1889, May 7—Johns Hop- ing the passage through Baltimore of Union troops in kins Hospital opens. 1861 (Chapter 451, Acts of 1939). Prepared by the Hall of Records djhe Great Seal of VYCaryland T5he Great Seal of JYCaryland

Oy/’ARYLAND’S flag bears the arms of the Calvert and ^ v Crossland families. Calvert was the family name of Obverse the Lords Baltimore who founded Maryland. Crossland Reverse was the family of the mother of the first Lord Baltimore. The escutcheon or shield in the Maryland Seal bears the same arms. This flag seems to have been used from the ☆ ☆ beginning of the colony, although it was not adopted officially until recently (Chapter 48, Acts of 1904). Ghe State (Bird d3he State Flower ☆ THE GREAT SEAL (7^HE Great Seal of Maryland is used by the Governor and the Secretary of State to authenticate the Acts of the Legislature and for other official purposes. The first Great Seal was brought over during the early days of the Colony. It was very much like the one pictured above and it remained in use, although slightly altered, until the Revolution. The State of Maryland adopted a new seal similar in form and spirit to those of the other states. After the passage of a hundred years, Maryland readopted its old seal (Joint Resolution No. 5, Legisla- tive Session of 1876). Only the Reverse of this seal has ever been cut. The Obverse is. however, still considered as part of the seal and is used, among other things, for decorating public buildings. Obverse fT^HE Obverse of the Seal shows Lord Baltimore as a ^ Knight in full armor mounted on a charger. The inscription translated from Latin into English is “Cecil- ius Absolute Lord of Maryland and Avalon, Baron of Baltimore.” Avalon was the name of Lord Baltimore’s grant in Newfoundland. Reverse fT^HE Reverse consists of an escutcheon or shield bear- ^ ing the Calvert and Crossland arms quartered. Above this is an earl’s coronet and a full-faced helmet. The escutcheon is supported on one side by a farmer and on the other by a fisherman, symbolizing Lord Baltimore’s two estates of Maryland and Avalon. The Calvert motto (7^HE Baltimore Oriole is the official Maryland Bird. on the scroll is usually translated “manly deeds, womanly Although it was not so designated by the Maryland words.” The Latin legend on the border is translated Legislature until 1947 (Chapter 54, Acts of 1947), HE Black-eyed Susan is the flower emblem of the “with favor wilt thou compass us as with a shield.” (Psalms special provisions have been made for its protection since State of Maryland (Chapter 458, Acts of 1918). v, 12). 1882 (Chapter 154, Acts of 1882).