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CARDAMINE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz and Karol Marhold Tribe: Cardamineae Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 124. 1827. Name derivation: Greek kardamon, used by Dioscorides for some species of Brassicaceae. Lectotype species (designated by Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S., ed. 2, 2: 183. 1913): C. pratensis L. Dentaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 653. 1753. Lectotype species (designated by Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S., ed. 2, 2: 187. 1913: D. pentaphyllos L. Dracamine Nieuwland, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 40. 1915. Type species: not designated. Heterocarpus Philippi, Bot. Zeitung 14: 641. 1856, not Wight (1853). Type species: H. fernandezianus R. A. Philippi. Ghinia Bubani, Fl. Pyrenaea 3: 158. 1901, non Schreber (1789). Type species: not designated. Iti Garnock-Jones & P. N. Johnson, New Zealand J. Bot. 25: 603. 1988. Type species: I. lacustris Garnock-Jones & P. N. Johnson. Loxostemon J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 129. 1861. Type species: L. pulchellus J. D. Hooker & Thomson. Porphyrocodon W. J. Hooker in Bentham & J. D. Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1: 79. 1862. Type species: P. pictus (W. J. Hooker) B. D. Jackson. Pteroneurum de Candolle, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 231. 1821. Type species: not designated. Sphaerotorrhiza (O. E. Schulz) Khokhrjakov, Fl. Magadansk. Obl. 235. 1985. Type species: S. trifida (Poiret ex Lamarck) Khokhrjakov. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, rhizomatous or tuberous, sometimes with axillary bulbils. Trichomes absent or simple. Multicellular glands absent. Stems erect or prostrate, leafy or rarely leafless and plant scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple and entire, toothed, or 1–3-pinnatisect, or palmately lobed, sometimes trifoliolate, pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound; cauline leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorld, simple or compound as basal leaves, petiolate or sessile and base cuneate to attenuate or auriculate to sagittate, margin entire, dentate, or variously lobed. Racemes several to many-flowered, ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout, corymbose or in panicles, elongated in fruit; rachis straight or rarely flexuous; fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, erect, divaricate, or reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, free, caducous or rarely persistent, erect to rarely spreading, equal or unequal, base of lateral pair saccate or not. Petals white, pink, purple, or violet, never yellow, erect to spreading, longer than sepals, rarely absent; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw absent or strongly differentiated from blade, longer to shorter than sepals, glabrous, unappendaged, entire. Stamens 6 and slightly to strongly tetradynamous, rarely 4 and equal in length, erect or spreading, exserted or included; filaments wingless, unappendaged, glabrous, free, dilated or not at base; anthers ovate to oblong or linear, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median nectaries 2 or rarely 4 or absent; lateral nectaries annular or semiannular. Ovules 4−80 per ovary; placentation parietal. Fruit dehiscent capsular siliques, linear or rarely oblong, elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, slightly to strongly latiseptate, not inflated, unsegmented; valves papery, not veined or rarely proximal part with an obscure midvein, glabrous or very rarely hairy, not keeled, flat, not covering entire fruit width, smooth or torulose, wingless, unappendaged, dehiscing elastically acropetally, spirally or circinately coiled; gynophore absent; replum strongly flattened, visible; septum complete, membranous, tansluscent, veinless; style distinct and slender, rarely obsolete, persistent, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire, unappendaged. Seeds 1 uniseriate, wingless or not margined, oblong to ovate, slightly flattened; seed coat smooth, minutely reticulate, colliculate, or rugose; mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or very rarely incumbent. × = 7, 8. 256 species: worldwide and with native species on all continents except Antarctica. References: Interactive key to the genera is being prepared 2 acris diphylla lineariloba purpurascens africana dissecta lojanensis purpurea altigena douglasii longii quinquefolia anemonoides elegantula longipedicellata raphanifolia angulata engleriana loxostemonoides repens angustata enneaphyllos luxurians resedifolia anhuiensis enriquei lyrata rivularis amara eremita macrocarpa robusta apennina fallax macrophylla rockii appendiculata fargesiana majovskii rostrata arakiana flagellifera marginata rotundifolia armoracioides flexuosa maritima rupicola asarifolia fragariifolia matthioli scaposa astoniae franchetiana maxima schinziana auriculata franklinensis mexicana schulzii balnearia fulcrata micranthera scutata bellidifolia gallaecica microphylla seidlitziana bilobata georgiana microthrix seravschanica blaisdellii geraniifolia microzyga silana bodinieri glacialis moirensis simplex bonariensis glanduligera monteluccii speciosa breweri glauca multiflora sphenophylla bulbifera glechomifolia multijuga stellata bulbosa gouldii nepalensis stenoloba calcicola gracilis niigatensis subcarnosa caldeirarum graeca nipponica tanakae californica granulifera nuttallii tangutorum calthifolia granulosa nymanii tenera carnosa griffithii obliqua tenuifolia caroides gunnii occidentalis tenuirostris castellana heptaphylla oligosperma tianqingiae changbaiana hirsuta opizii trichocarpa chelidonia hispidula ovata trifida chenopodiifolia holmgrenii pachystigma trifolia cheotaiyienii hydrocotyloides papillata trifoliolata chilensis hygrophila papuana tryssa circaeoides iliciana parviflora tuberosa clematitis impatiens pattersonii uliginosa concatenata jamesonii paucifolia uniflora conferta jejuna paucijuga umbellata constancei jonselliana pectinata variabilis cordata keysseri pedata victoris cordifolia kitaibelii penduliflora violacea corymbosa komarovii pensylvanica volckmannii crassifolia kruesselii pentaphyllos vulgaris debilis lacustris penzesii waldsteinii delavayi latior picta yezoensis densiflora lazica plumieri yunnanensis dentata leucantha pratensis depressa lihengiana prorepens digitata lilacina pulchella Species in red are not yet described 3 Cardamine acris Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. 1: 253. 1843; C. raphanifolia Pourret subsp. acris (Grisebach) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 512. 1903. TYPE: [F.Y.R. Makedonija] “gregarie ad fontem m. Kobelitza [Kobelica] juxta Mandram Weitzensem alt. 4200′, 21 Jul 1839, Grisebach 943 (lectotype designated by Strid (1986: 257), GOET; isolectotype, K). Cardamine africana Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 655. 1973. Lectotype (designated by Marais, 1970): Hermann, Paradisus Batavus Fig. p. 202 (1698). Cardamine innovans O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 417. 1903. TYPE: Guatemala, above Tecpam, 2500 m, 1882, F. C. Lehmann 1475 (lectotype, here designated, G-BOIS). Cardamine borbonica Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 195. 1807. TYPE: Réunion [Bourbon], Bory de St. Vincent (holotype, G). Cardamine holtziana Engler & O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 416. 1903. TYPE: Tanzania, Lushoto District, W. Usambara Mts, between Wambugu and Malalo, A. Engler 1356 (holotype, B). Cardamine ovata Bentham var. corymbosa Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 16. 1889. TYPE. Bolivia, [La Paz], Undavi, 10000 ft, Oct 1885, H. H. Rusby 1206 (holotype, NY!). Herbs, perennial. Rhizomes slender, not tuberous. Stems (5−)25−70(−80) cm, erect to ascending, simple or sometimes branched near middle, glabrous throughout or pubescent. Basal leaves not rosulate; lower and middle cauline leaves 4−10(−15) cm, trifoliolate; petiole 2−6(−7) cm; terminal leaflet (1−)1.5−7 × 1.5−4 cm, lanceolate to ovate, sparsely strigose with trichomes to 0.6 mm, base cuneate to subobtuse, margin ciliolate or glabrous, serrate or crenate, teeth mucronate, apex acute, petiolule 2−2.5 cm; lateral leaflets same size or slightly smaller than terminal one, base oblique. Racemes ebracteate, slightly elongated or not elongated in fruit; rachis straight; fruiting pedicels 0.5−3 cm, ascending, stout, straight. Sepals oblong, 1.5−4 × 1−1.5 mm, not saccate, caducous, glabrous; petals white or lavender, spatulate, 3.5−9 × 2−4 mm, apex obtuse; filaments 2.5−5 mm; anthers oblong, 1−1.5 mm; ovules 8−20 per ovary. Fruits linear, (2.5−)3.5−5(−6) cm × 1.5−2.5 mm, glabrous; style 0.5−1.5 mm, stout. Seeds brown, oblong, 1.5−2.5 × 1−1.5 mm. Flowering: Sep−Jan. Habitat: Moist or wet areas, mixed forests, disturbed places, roadside clearings, damp shady areas. Elevation: 500−3400 m. Distribution: native of Africa (Comores, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa, Tanzania, Ugunda), naturalized in Asia (India, Indonesia, Malesia, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka), Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico [Chiapas]), and South America [Argentina (Misiones, Salta, Tucumán), Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Brazil (Parana, Río Grande Do Sul, Santa Catalina), Columbia (Cundinamarca), Ecuador (Santiago-Zamora), Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco), Venezuela (Mérida)]. Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. Misiones: Gral. Manuael Belgrano, 8 km de Bernardo de Irigoyen hacia San Antonio, 26°12′S, 53°40′W, Morrone et al. 1378 (MO, SI). Salta: Santa Victoria, camino al Angosto del Baritú, 22°30′S, 64°45′W, Ahumada & Agüero 8343 (SI); Parq Nac. Baritú, Lipeo, Rio Naranjo, Zuloaga et al. 1165 (BACP, SI); Anta, Parque Nac. El Rey, Picada al Chomo Los Loios, Ezcurra, Ponce & Brown 431 (SI). Dep. Anta, Res. Nac. Fca. Del Rey, Ezcurra et al. 431 (BACP). Tucumán: Dep. Chicligasta, arroyo
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    TAXA NAMED IN HONOR OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1. Tribe Shehbazieae D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 22. 2014. 2. Shehbazia D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 3. Shehbazia tibetica (Maxim.) D. A. German, Turczaninowia 17(4): 20. 2014. 4. Astragalus shehbazii Zarre & Podlech, Feddes Repert. 116: 70. 2005. 5. Bornmuellerantha alshehbaziana Dönmez & Mutlu, Novon 20: 265. 2010. 6. Centaurea shahbazii Ranjbar & Negaresh, Edinb. J. Bot. 71: 1. 2014. 7. Draba alshehbazii Klimeš & D. A. German, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 750. 2008. 8. Ferula shehbaziana S. A. Ahmad, Harvard Pap. Bot. 18: 99. 2013. 9. Matthiola shehbazii Ranjbar & Karami, Nordic J. Bot. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00326.x, 10. Plocama alshehbazii F. O. Khass., D. Khamr., U. Khuzh. & Achilova, Stapfia 101: 25. 2014. 11. Alshehbazia Salariato & Zuloaga, Kew Bulletin …….. 2015 12. Alshehbzia hauthalii (Gilg & Muschl.) Salariato & Zuloaga 13. Ihsanalshehbazia Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65: 93. 2016. 14. Ihsanalshehbazia granatensis (Boiss. & Reuter) Tahir Ali & Thines, Taxon 65. 93. 2016. 15. Aubrieta alshehbazii Dönmez, Uǧurlu & M.A.Koch, Phytotaxa 299. 104. 2017. 16. Silene shehbazii S.A.Ahmad, Novon 25: 131. 2017. PUBLICATIONS OF IHSAN A. AL-SHEHBAZ 1973 1. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1973. The biosystematics of the genus Thelypodium (Cruciferae). Contrib. Gray Herb. 204: 3-148. 1977 2. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1977. Protogyny, Cruciferae. Syst. Bot. 2: 327-333. 3. A. R. Al-Mayah & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1977. Chromosome numbers for some Leguminosae from Iraq. Bot. Notiser 130: 437-440. 1978 4. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1978. Chromosome number reports, certain Cruciferae from Iraq.
  • Gardening with the Masters

    Gardening with the Masters

    Gardening with the Masters Growing, Gardening and Gaining Knowledge February 2019/March 2019 What’s Happening Editor’s Corner February By Marcia Winchester, Feb 6 - Plant A Row Workday Cherokee County Master Gardener Feb 7- Demo Garden Workday Feb 8 - Lecture, Seed Starting, Rose Creek Library Feb 15– Canton Arbor Day, February and March is a good time to reflect on your garden after you’ve Tree Give Away given up on your New Year’s resolutions. You might even set some gardening goals for 2019. One goal I’d like to set for my garden could be Feb 15-18 spending more time sitting and enjoying it. So often all I see is everything GREAT BACKYARD I have on my gardening to-do list. This year I want to acknowledge and BIRD COUNT take pleasure in my gardening accomplishments. Feb 19 - CCMG Monthly Mtg I’d also like to finish relabeling my daylilies. For some reason since my husband has taken over mowing the grass a large number of my daylily Feb 20 - Plant A Row Workday metal markers have disappeared. Unfortunately, they have to be blooming Feb 21- Demo Garden Workday in order to ID them from my pictures. Feb 22– Fruit Tree Field Day Two years ago I decided to down-size all of my planted containers on my deck. While I have eliminated some containers, I seem to be replacing Feb 23– Bee School http://cherokeebeeclub.com/ them with new planters. I’m also trying to down-size all of the plants in my index.php/2019/01/18/bee-school- gardens.