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INFORMATION to USERS While the Most Advanced Technology Has INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology h a s been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts m ay not always be complete. In such cases, a note w ill indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted m aterial may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand com er and continuing from left to right in equal sections with sm all overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from th e microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for a n y photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. 8703577 Lawson, V ictoria Anne NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES, LOCAL VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION, AND UNEVEN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ECUADOR The Ohio S ta le University Ph.D. 1986 University Microfilms International 300 N. Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark-J . 1. Glossy photographs or pages _____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy ______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of p age_______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s)___________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received ^ " 16. Other _______ ______________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICIES, LOCAL VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION, AND UNEVEN REGONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ECUADOR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Victoria A. Lawson, B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1986 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Lawrence A. Brown, Ph.D. Randy W. Smith, Ph.D. Douglas H. Graham, Ph.D. Kevin. R. Cox, Ph.D. Lawrence A. Brown, Adviser Department of Geography ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is a life-consuming endeavour which touches many people; these aknowledgements attempt to recognize parts played by colleages, friends and family. To begin at the beginning, I must first thank my parents, Don and Doreen Lawson, both for demonstrating the importance of education and of enjoying 'what you do'. Their unfailing support through decisions that took me far away from them is appreciated beyond words. A central role in my professional and personal development was played by Larry Brown. As an adviser and friend Larry provided professional guidance and direction, but most importantly, instilled in me that personal confidence and sense of purpose, so essential for continuing — in graduate school, and in life. Two institutions were particularly helpful in supporting this research, the National Science Foundation, through doctoral dissertation grant SES-8412867; and the Ohio State University Graduate School through an Alumni Award and Presidential Fellowship. That support is appreciated. Doug Southgate is owed a special thankyou for introducing me to Elena Kohls who made my field work a warm and exciting experience by her openness and mothering. Many Ecuadorian farmers also helped immeasurably in this work — from them I learnt more about development, its complexity, and simplicity, than could ever be conveyed in a classroom. Aly Bradley's patient and always good humored assistance has proved invaluable. My thanks to her and Barbara Skunza for their tolerance and encouragement. Several friends also contributed significantly to these graduate student years and the associated learning process. From Jenny Zorn came love, support, cold ones, motown, and memories for a lifetime. Cheryl Rapose provided strength and refuge when I had neither. Sandy Weber and Ed Dorsa, helped keep mind and body together, shared Ecuador, and many dinners. My thanks to Kim England. People writing dissertations are not fun to live with and her tolerance was appreciated. Finally, my appreciation goes to Peter Witt and the Ecuadorian family. A new force in my life who patiently reminded me that I can do this, on the numerous occassions I doubted it. Peter provided love, humor, patience, and graphics unlimited — thankyou. VITA February 19, 1959..........................................................Bom - Nottingham, England 1979................................................................................... BA. Social Science, Leicester University, Leicester, England 1980-1981 ........................................................................Teaching Associate, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1981-1983 ........................................................................ Research Associate, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1983-1985 ............................................... ........................Teaching Associate, Department of Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1985-1986 ........................................................................ Presidential Fellow, Graduate School, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS 'Migration in Third World Settings, Uneven Development, and Conventional Modeling: A Case Study of Costa Rica’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1985 75: 29-47 Rural Destined Migration in Third World Settings: A Neglected Phenomenon?, Regional Studies 1985 19: 415-432 Polarization Reversal, Migration Related Shifts in Human Resource Profiles, and Spatial Growth Policies, A Venezuelan Study’, International Regional Science Review Forth­ coming, 1987 FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Geography TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................................ii VITA ................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................v ii LIST OF TA BLES.......................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 Themes of this S tu d y................................................................................. 4 Overview of this Dissertation................................................................ 6 H. REVIEW OF PERTINENT LITERATURE ................................................. 7 Mainstream Approaches ........................................................................... 7 The Centralization Perspective........................................................ 8 The Decentralization School.......................................................... 13 The Intermediate City Focus........................................................ 14 Alternative Conceptualizations............................................................. 16 An Internal Critique of Mainstream Approaches......................... 16 Dependency: An Alternative Conceptualization of Uneven Development..................................................... 21 Concluding Observations: A Conceptual Framework ......................... 24 The Capitalist State and Redistributive Economic Policies.............................................................................. 24 Variations in Local Structure of Production ............................ 27 - vi - m . STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH PROCEEDURES............................... 29 Study Area ............................................................................................. 30 Characteristics of Ecuador ................................................................... 31 Physical Characteristics ................................................................. 31 Characteristics of Agricultural Production.................................. 33 The Macroeconomic Context of Ecuadorian G ro w th................. 35 D a ta .................................................................................................. 38 Research Procedures .............................................................................. 41 Summary of
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