Chinua Achebe and Things Fall Apart
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Book of Negroes As a Canadian Work of Rememory
Where Literature Fills the Gaps: The Book of Negroes as a Canadian Work of Rememory Christine Duff awrence Hill’s the Book of negroeS1 takes its title from a late eighteenth-century document listing some 3,000 Black Loyalists given passage to Nova Scotia following the American LWar of Independence. Prior to Hill’s widely read novel, few Canadians were aware of the document’s existence, much less the reasons for this displacement of people and their treatment following their arrival. Through the voice of Hill’s protagonist, Aminata Diallo, the fictional scribe who creates the register “The Book of Negroes,” these historical facts are rememoried2 and rewoven into the fabric of the Canadian historical record. George Elliott Clarke explains the importance of these exercises of remembering and rememorying in his introduction to the anthology Eyeing the North Star: Directions in African-Canadian Literature: “Because African-Canadian history is ignored in Canada, African-Canadian writers are forced to act as historians” (xx).3 The need for this work of recollection and rememory in the Canadian context is an urgent one, as Canada is too often absent from discussions of post- slavery New World societies. Slavery fiction in the United States, for example, has been an object of study since its beginnings in the 1960s.4 In evoking the Black Loyalist experience in Nova Scotia, Hill brings parts of Canada’s past out of the shadows, filling the gaps in the history books alluded to by Clarke. In this sense, the novel is part of a wider movement in contemporary Canadian historical fiction, as described by Herb Wyile in Speculative Fictions: Contemporary Canadian Novels and the Writing of History, in that it draws our attention to a historically marginalized population and is marked by a clear preoccupation with the historiography itself. -
Paying Attention to Public Readers of Canadian Literature
PAYING ATTENTION TO PUBLIC READERS OF CANADIAN LITERATURE: POPULAR GENRE SYSTEMS, PUBLICS, AND CANONS by KATHRYN GRAFTON BA, The University of British Columbia, 1992 MPhil, University of Stirling, 1994 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (English) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 © Kathryn Grafton, 2010 ABSTRACT Paying Attention to Public Readers of Canadian Literature examines contemporary moments when Canadian literature has been canonized in the context of popular reading programs. I investigate the canonical agency of public readers who participate in these programs: readers acting in a non-professional capacity who speak and write publicly about their reading experiences. I argue that contemporary popular canons are discursive spaces whose constitution depends upon public readers. My work resists the common critique that these reading programs and their canons produce a mass of readers who read the same work at the same time in the same way. To demonstrate that public readers are canon-makers, I offer a genre approach to contemporary canons that draws upon literary and new rhetorical genre theory. I contend in Chapter One that canons are discursive spaces comprised of public literary texts and public texts about literature, including those produced by readers. I study the intertextual dynamics of canons through Michael Warner’s theory of publics and Anne Freadman’s concept of “uptake.” Canons arise from genre systems that are constituted to respond to exigencies readily recognized by many readers, motivating some to participate. I argue that public readers’ agency lies in the contingent ways they select and interpret a literary work while taking up and instantiating a canonizing genre. -
Roots and Routes
1 ROOTS AND ROUTES The journey embarked upon by Black Loyalists destined for the Baha- mas was not marked by a rupture from their past experiences in colonial America, but rather reflected a continuity shaped by conditions of en- slavement and their entry into a British colony as persons of color. Like West African victims of the transatlantic slave trade, Black Loyalists arriv- ing in the Bahamas did not come as a tabula rasa, but rather brought with them various ideas aboutproof religion, land, politics, and even freedom. Thus, upon arrival in the Bahamas the lessons of the Revolutionary War were appropriated and reinterpreted by Black Loyalist men and women in a va- riety of ways, often with varying consequences. Such complex transmuta- tions within the Bahamas invite an analytical approach that examines the roots of such thought as it emerged out of the social and political world of colonial British North America. A brief examination of leading Black Loyalists in the Bahamas demon- strates that the world they lived in was indelibly shaped by the world they left behind. Prince Williams’ remarkable story began in colonial Georgia where he was born free, but was later “cheated out of his freedom and sold to an American.”1 Although his slave owner is never mentioned by name, Williams’ account reveals that he was forced to serve “this man” when “the British troops came to Georgia.” Taking advantage of the chaos of the American Revolution, Williams, in an act of self-assertion, escaped to the British side in order to claim freedom as a Black Loyalist. -
About the Author
Lawrence Hill: About the Author Hill is the author of ten books of fiction and non-fiction. In 2005, he won his first Writing literary honour: a National Magazine Award for the article “Is Africa’s Pain Black America’s Burden?” published in The Walrus. His first two novels were Some Great Thing and Any Known Blood, and his first non-fiction work to attract national attention was the memoir Black Berry, Sweet Juice: On Being Black and White in Canada. But it was his third novel, The Book of Negroes (HarperCollins Canada, 2007) — published in some countries as Someone Knows My Name and in French as Aminata — that attracted widespread attention in Canada and other countries. Lawrence Hill’s non-fiction book, Blood: The Stuff of Life was published in September 2013 by House of Anansi Press. Blood is a personal consideration of the physical, social, cultural and psychological aspects of blood, and how it defines, unites and divides us. Hill drew from the book to deliver the 2013 Massey Lectures across Canada. In 2013, Hill published the essay Dear Sir, I Intend to Burn Your Book: An Anatomy of a Book Burning (University of Alberta Press). His fourth novel, The Illegal, was published by HarperCollins Canada in 2015 and by WW Norton in the USA in 2016. Hill is currently writing a new novel and a children’s book, and is a professor of creative writing at the University of Guelph, in Ontario. Personal Lawrence Hill is the son of American immigrants — a black father and a white mother — who came to Canada the day after they married in 1953 in Washington, D.C. -
Black Cosmopolitans
BLACK COSMOPOLITANS BLACK COSMOPOLITANS Race, Religion, and Republicanism in an Age of Revolution Christine Levecq university of virginia press Charlottesville and London University of Virginia Press © 2019 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper First published 2019 ISBN 978-0-8139-4218-6 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8139-4219-3 (e-book) 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available for this title. Cover art: Jean-Baptiste Belley. Portrait by Anne Louis Girodet de Roussy- Trioson, 1797, oil on canvas. (Château de Versailles, France) To Steve and Angie CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Jacobus Capitein and the Radical Possibilities of Calvinism 19 2. Jean- Baptiste Belley and French Republicanism 75 3. John Marrant: From Methodism to Freemasonry 160 Notes 237 Works Cited 263 Index 281 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book has been ten years in the making. One reason is that I wanted to explore the African diaspora more broadly than I had before, and my knowledge of English, French, and Dutch naturally led me to expand my research to several national contexts. Another is that I wanted this project to be interdisciplinary, combining history and biography with textual criticism. It has been an amazing journey, which was made pos- sible by the many excellent scholars this book relies on. Part of the pleasure in writing this book came from the people and institutions that provided access to both the primary and the second- ary material. -
Unsettling the White Noise: Deconstructing the Nation-Building
Unsettling the White Noise: Deconstructing the Nation-Building Project of CBC Radio One’s Canada Reads By Emily M. Burns A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in the Department of Gender Studies in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada August, 2012 Copyright @ Emily M. Burns, 2012 Abstract The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s Canada Reads program, based on the popular television show Survivor, welcomes five Canadian personalities to defend one Canadian book, per year, that they believe all Canadians should read. The program signifies a common discourse in Canada as a nation-state regarding its own lack of coherent and fixed identity, and can be understood as a nationalist project. I am working with Canada Reads as an existing archive, utilizing materials as both individual and interconnected entities in a larger and ongoing process of cultural production – and it is important to note that it is impossible to separate cultural production from cultural consumption. Each year offers a different set of insights that can be consumed in their own right, which is why this project is written in the present tense. Focusing on the first ten years of the Canada Reads competition, I argue that Canada Reads plays a specific and calculated role in the CBC’s goal of nation-building: one that obfuscates repressive national histories and legacies and instead promotes the transformative powers of literacy as that which can conquer historical and contemporary inequalities of all types. This research lays bare the imagined and idealized ‘communities’ of Canada Reads audiences that the CBC wishes to reflect in its programming, and complicates this construction as one that abdicates contemporary responsibilities of settlers. -
Book Review: the Book of Negroes
The Book of Negroes Lawrence Hill Harper Collins Publishers Inc., Toronto, 2007 ________________________________________________________________________ When I first heard of Lawrence Hill’s The Book of Negroes, I thought that it was a republishing of the list of Africans leaving New York City at the close of the American Revolution. I later learned that it was actually a novel and a novel that has won the Commonwealth Writer’s Prize as the Best Book of 2008. The story, in a word, is breathtaking. The book spans the life of an African woman. “I am Aminata Diallo, daughter of Mamadu Diallo and Sira Kulibali, born in the village of Bayo, three moons by foot from the Grain Coast in West Africa. I am a Bamana. And a Fula. I am both. ... I suspect that I was born in 1745, or close to it. And I am writing this account. All of it.” (p. 4) Her life is vividly portrayed from her beginnings in sub- Sarahan Africa, through her enslavement in the Gullah speaking islands of the Carolinas, to her search for a passage back home by way of New York City, Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, and on to her time in England when her “hair has mostly fallen out now, and the remaining strands are grey, still curled, tight to my head, and I don’t fuss with them.” (p. 5) Lawrence Hill’s research is impeccable and he makes the characters convincingly real. What amazes me most about the writing is the incredible attention to detail paid to the everyday items and events portrayed throughout the novel. -
BLACK HISTORY in CANADA EDUCATION GUIDE TABLE of CONTENTS
The HISTORICA-DOMINION INSTITUTE in partnership with TD BANK GROUP presents BLACK HISTORY in CANADA EDUCATION GUIDE TABLE of CONTENTS A Message to Teachers 2 A Message from Lawrence Hill 3 Synopsis of The Book of Negroes 3 Black History in 4 Canada Timeline Journey: The Story of 6 Aminata Diallo a MESSAGE to TEACHERS Slavery and Human Rights 7 Passage to Canada: 8 Evaluating Historic Sources he largest independent organization dedicated to Canadian history, identity & Modern Stories of Migration and citizenship, The Historica-Dominion Institute is committed to bringing the stories Tand experiences of Canada into the classroom. This innovative Education Guide explores Contemporary Culture 10 seminal events and personalities in Black Canadian history through engaging discussion and interactive activities. It was made possible with the generous support of TD Bank Group, whose commitment to Black history and culture has been celebrated. The purpose of this Guide is to enhance your students’ knowledge and appreciation of the Black Canadian experience, drawing from Lawrence Hill’s award-winning historical fiction, The Book of Negroes, the remarkable journey of Aminata Diallo and the historic British document known as the “Book of Negroes.” Structured around themes of journey, slavery, human rights, passage to Canada and contemporary culture, this Guide asks students to examine issues of identity, equality, community, and nation-building in both a historical and contemporary context. The tools provided here are supplemented with additional activities and resources at the Black History Portal blackhistorycanada.ca. We hope this Guide will assist you in teaching this important aspect of Canadian history in your English, Social Studies, History or Law classroom. -
Freeborn Men of Color: the Franck Brothers in Revolutionary North America, 1755-1820
FREEBORN MEN OF COLOR: THE FRANCK BROTHERS IN REVOLUTIONARY NORTH AMERICA, 1755-1820 Shirley L. Green A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Committee: Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor Radhika Gajjala Graduate Faculty Representative Lillian Ashcraft-Eason Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina Rebecca Mancuso © 2011 Shirley Louise Swan Green All Rights Reserved iii Abstract Ruth Wallis Herndon, Advisor This dissertation examines the lives of William and Ben Franck, freeborn men of color, who used military service as a means to assert their manhood, gain standing in their community, and help to create free African American and African Canadian communities during the Revolutionary Era. It focuses on the lives and experiences of the Franck family from the 1750s, when Rufus Franck served in the French and Indian War, until the 1820s, when his younger son, Ben Franck, settled in Nova Scotia. At each step of the story, this study analyzes the communities of free people of color with whom the Franck brothers interacted. In doing so, this project challenges traditional narratives and stereotypes of African Americans during the Colonial and Revolutionary Eras. The Franck brothers’ individual histories, closely analyzed, have the power to expand the prism through which we view early American people of color, so that we see their reality more sharply in three ways. 1. The establishment of free families of color and communities throughout North America, from the pre-Revolutionary period until postwar America, was limited by social prejudices and legal prohibitions. -
Lawrence Hill Was Born in 1957 in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
The ook of B egroes N Teacher’s guide awrence ill L H HarperCollins Publishers Ltd Teacher’s Guide © 2011 by HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. (The Publisher wishes to thank Melissa Fleming, of Halton District School Board, for her help with this guide.) Rationale This Teacher’s Guide for a Grade 11 or 12 English course of study will cater to a wide variety of teaching styles and approaches so that an educator can realize the many possibilities that The Book of Negroes(HarperCollins Canada, 2007) has to offer. Specific expectations are that students will develop critical-thinking skills that challenge their values and beliefs, explore historical links to the novel, understand an author’s motivation to write, and develop reflective skills so that they can connect to literature on many levels, including in relation to their own lives. A Word About the Content of the Novel Because of some disturbing scenes, it will be important for the teacher to know the students in order to determine the best approach for introducing the novel. Discussing words that some may find offensive will be critical. In addition, because of some explicit scenes, including ones of rape, infanticide and sexuality, it is recommended that teachers prepare an alternative assignment in case some students opt out for personal reasons. Teachers may wish to provide students with access to the illustrated version of the novel to accompany their reading and to allow them to gain further information about the novel’s social and historical context. Summary of the Novel As an old woman, Aminata Diallo is brought to London, England, in 1802, by abolitionists who are petitioning to end the slave trade. -
What Is Québécois Literature? Reflections on the Literary History of Francophone Writing in Canada
What is Québécois Literature? Reflections on the Literary History of Francophone Writing in Canada Contemporary French and Francophone Cultures, 28 Chapman, What is Québécois Literature.indd 1 30/07/2013 09:16:58 Contemporary French and Francophone Cultures Series Editors EDMUND SMYTH CHARLES FORSDICK Manchester Metropolitan University University of Liverpool Editorial Board JACQUELINE DUTTON LYNN A. HIGGINS MIREILLE ROSELLO University of Melbourne Dartmouth College University of Amsterdam MICHAEL SHERINGHAM DAVID WALKER University of Oxford University of Sheffield This series aims to provide a forum for new research on modern and contem- porary French and francophone cultures and writing. The books published in Contemporary French and Francophone Cultures reflect a wide variety of critical practices and theoretical approaches, in harmony with the intellectual, cultural and social developments which have taken place over the past few decades. All manifestations of contemporary French and francophone culture and expression are considered, including literature, cinema, popular culture, theory. The volumes in the series will participate in the wider debate on key aspects of contemporary culture. Recent titles in the series: 12 Lawrence R. Schehr, French 20 Pim Higginson, The Noir Atlantic: Post-Modern Masculinities: From Chester Himes and the Birth of the Neuromatrices to Seropositivity Francophone African Crime Novel 13 Mireille Rosello, The Reparative in 21 Verena Andermatt Conley, Spatial Narratives: Works of Mourning in Ecologies: Urban -
Revelations of Ethnicity and Additional Significant Ingredients in Yann Martel’S Life of Pi
Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on Literature No. 4 October, 2016 Pp. 232-237 Revelations of Ethnicity and Additional Significant Ingredients in Yann Martel’s Life of Pi Ashok K. Saini Department of English Language & Literature, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (Wadi-Al-Dawasir Campus), Saudi Arabia Abstract: This research paper attempts to delineate and outline the revelations of ethnicity and additional significant ingredients in Yann Martel’s Life of Pi (2001). In the opening of Life of Pi, the novelist reveals a comprehensive portrayal of the lethargy, the special style, the velocity, and the jesting. It survives by being lethargic and because of its slothfulness; it consents to algae to cultivate on its body that acts like concealment with the surrounding moss and shrubbery. Life of Pi is audacious, in fact, evangelical; premise locates it on a perilous, ethical high position. Devoid of displaying unequivocally the hallmarks of the modern novel ‒ metafictional self- reference; the need to be affianced and politically ‘relevant’; the need to elucidate and alert as well as simply to notify ‒ the essential account of Pi's survival is solely laudable, intriguing, exhilarating and remarkable. The narration is an erroneously fossilized account of a tale which is, in its verbal structure and eternally fluid. In average state of affairs such self-consciousness concerning the fictitious act vigor challenge the reader, forcing him into noting the several ways and biases with which a single incident can be revealed by a writer, to question the reliability and believability of the account, to analyse the content itself as an work of art rather than what that text explores.