Archaeology Baseline Assessment

373379 1 c Halsnead Masterplan SPD January 2017 Halsnead Masterplan SPD Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD January 2017

Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council

Mott MacDonald, 2nd Floor, 2 Brewery Wharf, Kendell Street, Leeds LS10 1JR, United Kingdom T +44 (0)113 394 6700 F +44 (0)113 394 6701 W www.mottmac.com

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Issue and revision record

Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description A 17 August 2016 A. Marshall P. Riccoboni M. Hopper Draft for review MCIfA MCIfA

B 14 October 2016 A. Marshall C. Hewitson J. Williams Amended following client MCIfA MCIfA comments

C 11 January 2017 A Marshall C. Hewitson J. Williams Final MCIfA MCIfA

Information class: Standard

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned document being relied upon by any other party, or being used project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission used for any other purpose. which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties.

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Contents

Chapter Title Page

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background ______1 1.2 Site Location ______1 1.3 Scope of Report ______2

2 Legislation and Policy 4 2.2 Legislation ______4 2.3 National policy ______4 2.4 Local planning policy ______5

3 Baseline Conditions 6 3.1 Site conditions ______6 3.2 Designated assets ______6 3.3 Historic landscape characterisation ______7 3.4 Historic mapping ______8 3.5 Historic Environment record data ______13 3.6 Previous archaeological investigation within the development areas ______16

4 Archaeological and Historical Potential 17 4.1 Land South of Whiston development area ______17 4.2 Land South of the M62 development area ______18

5 Impact of Development Proposals 21

6 Conclusion 22

7 References 23 7.1 Documents ______23 7.2 Maps ______24

Appendices 25 A. Historic Environment Record Gazetteer ______26 B. Cartographic Sources ______43 C. Historic Environment Record Drawing ______47

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

1 Introduction

1.1 Background

1.1.1 Mott MacDonald and Turley have been commissioned by Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council (KMBC) to produce a masterplan Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) to help guide delivery of a Sustainable Urban Extension (SUE), covering two sites formerly known as “Land south of Whiston” located to the north of the M62 as well as “Land south of the M62”. These two sites have collectively been termed ‘Halsnead’.

1.1.2 The SUE was until recently designated as Green Belt land however on adoption of the Local Plan Core Strategy (2016) it was allocated for development. The Local Plan Core Strategy (SUE2) identifies the largest SUE locations as needing additional planning guidance and the site under consideration in this report forms the largest and most complex SUE. The Local Plan identifies that this SUE has the capacity to accommodate upwards of 1,500 new homes, at least 22.5 hectares of employment land, and a new country park.

1.1.3 The preparation of the masterplan is currently at baseline stage and a range of evidence has been collected from a number of different disciplines to inform an up to date evidence base for the study area. This evidence is presented within a series of coordinated studies which ensure the constraints and opportunities are fully understood to inform the development of a deliverable masterplan.

1.2 Site Location

1.2.1 The site consists of two parts, a northern part and a southern part, with the two separated by the M62. There are multiple land ownerships across the SUE making a comprehensive masterplan important to ensure that development expectations are managed and there is a common design framework to make best use of the site. The final masterplan will practically function as a planning instrument, both as a guide to developers and as a material planning consideration to help bring development proposals into conformity. Together the two parts of the site total 176 hectares of development land. The site can be seen in Figure 1.1 below.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Figure 1.1: Site Location

Land South of Whiston

Land South of M62

1.2.2 The site is bounded to by existing residential development to the west and north and by Foxes Bank Lane to the east, a rural road which provides an underpass under the M62. The south of the site is bordered by the A5080 Cronton Road, with the south eastern corner of the site being bounded by the former Cronton Colliery. Currently in the centre of the northern part of the site is Halsnead Park mobile home site. Adjacent to this is a medium sized pond and surrounding woodland.

1.3 Scope of Report

1.3.1 This assessment has been produced to provide an outline assessment of the archaeological potential of the site. An assessment of built heritage will not be included within this report, other than where buildings are considered to have associated archaeological potential. Built heritage considerations have initially been considered within the Landscape and Townscape Assessment (Turley, 2016).

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

1.3.2 This archaeological assessment follows the guidance set out by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ (CIfA) Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments (2014) and Historic England Good Practice Advice Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment (2015) and Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets (2015).

1.3.3 For the purposes of this assessment, a 1km radius study area around the proposed masterplan area has been assessed. This 1km study area is considered appropriate for the scale of the development and its rural setting. Built heritage assets were not considered as part of this assessment, other than where buildings were considered to have associated archaeological potential.

1.3.4 The following actions were undertaken to gather the baseline and establish the potential archaeological resource:  a search of the Merseyside Historic Environment Record (HER) database for undesignated archaeological sites, find spots and historic buildings within the study area;  a search of the Historic England National Heritage List for England (NHLE) website for scheduled monuments, listed buildings, and registered parks and gardens within the study area;  an examination of local, regional and national planning policies in relation to the historic environment;  an inspection of geological sources (maps) relevant to the site;  an inspection of the cartographic evidence for the land use history of the site;  an assessment of existing impact and truncation on the site; and  an assessment of relevant published and unpublished archaeological sources.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

2 Legislation and Policy

2.1.1 This assessment has been produced to inform the masterplan Supplementary Planning Document. The following is a summary of the relevant national and local legislation and policy.

2.2 Legislation

2.2.1 Legislation covering archaeological monuments is provided by The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

2.3 National policy

2.3.1 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), published in March 2012, sets out the National Planning Policy for England. NPPF provides a framework for the management of the Historic Environment and its policies should be a material consideration in development management decisions.

2.3.2 When considering the impact of a proposed development on the significance of a designated asset, great weight should be given to the asset’s conservation…Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting (NPPF, 132).

2.3.3 In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets, including any contribution made by the setting (NPPF, 128). Where appropriate, developers will submit a desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. This assessment contributes to the fulfilment of this objective. However, further assessment and investigation will be required.

2.3.4 The significance of and effects on the archaeological asset that may be affected by a proposal (including the effect upon the setting of a heritage asset) should be taken into account. This will involve the gathering of available evidence and use of any necessary expertise which may be required to fully understand these effects.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

2.4 Local planning policy

2.4.1 Knowsley Local Plan Core Strategy sets out to plan the growth and development of Knowsley up to 2028. The core strategy was adopted in January 2016 and sets out the strategic vision for the local plan. The Local Plan Core Strategy notes the need for new developments to take in account the need to preserve or record archaeological remains. ‘Where evidence suggests that development could affect archaeological remains, the developer will be required to arrange investigations to assess their character, condition and extent. In the event, that remains are identified as of specific importance, the developer may be required to design the development to enable preservation in-situ, or if appropriate arrange for the excavation, recording, analysis and reporting of the remains’ (para 9.20).

2.4.2 Relevant policies which describe KMBC’s commitment to the Borough’s archaeological resource are listed below.

Policy CS20: Managing the Borough’s Historic Environment

2.4.3 This policy states that locally important heritage assets will be afforded consideration in the decision making process. Locally important assets should therefore be included within this and future assessments. It also outlines the requirement for a heritage impact statement to accompany proposals which include, or are considered to have the potential to include, heritage assets or comprising archaeological interest.

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3 Baseline Conditions

3.1 Site conditions

3.1.1 The British Geological Survey map (Geology of Britain Viewer, 1:50,000) shows that the proposed development area consists of a sandstone and Pennine Middle Coal Measure bedrock and superficial till deposits with a small pocket of alluvium deposit in the Land South of the M62 development area (BGS, 2016).

3.1.2 The proposed masterplan area sit on the southern edge of a range of hills which extends over the Knowsley, Prescot and Rainhill area. The SUE development areas are divided by the M62 motorway carriageway. The Land South of Whiston development area is bounded to the north and west by modern housing estates and to the east by recreational land. The Land South of the M62 masterplan area is bounded by the A5080 and Fox’s Bank Lane. The wider area is dominated by arable farmland and a quarry is located immediately south. A drain is aligned through the Land South of the M62 development area in a flat bottomed shallow valley.

3.1.3 The topography within the development areas is undulating with a ground level of approximately 20m AOD in the south west of both areas rising to approximately 50m AOD in the north east corners.

3.1.4 The Land South of Whiston development area consists of a mixture of arable farmland, small wooded areas, recreational land, including sports pitches and a lake, the Halsnead Park mobile home site, cemetery and several farms. The Land South of the M62 development area consists of the remains of a former brick works and colliery surrounded by pockets of arable farmland and woodland. The modern Halsnead Farm and grade II listed Old Halsnead Hall sit within the north east corner of the development area.

3.2 Designated assets

3.2.1 There are 12 listed buildings within the study area, which extends to a 1km radius around the masterplan area. It is anticipated that a Landscape and Townscape assessment produced by Turley will accompany the masterplan.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

3.2.2 There is one scheduled monument within the study area. The scheduled monument is considered to be of archaeological value and will therefore be included within the remit of this assessment. The impact of the proposals on this asset is assessed within Section 5.

3.2.3 Rainhill Hall Farm moated site and twelve fishponds in The Rough (MM13) is a scheduled monument located approximately 970m east of the masterplan area. The monument NHLE list entry states that the monument at Rainhill Hall is in fair condition. The remains of the demolished 16th or early 17th century south and east wings of the hall, the gatehouse and other buildings known to have occupied the island may survive. The site is complemented by an unusually extensive, well preserved and complex system of fishponds and connecting channels that, together with the waterlogged moat will preserve organic material (NHLE List Entry: 1017860).

3.2.4 The current setting of the scheduled monument is agricultural with arable farmland dominating the immediately surrounding land. This setting is relevant to the significance of the asset as historically the moated site was likely surrounded by agricultural land which made up the manor for which the hall was the administrative centre. The fishpond complex which is included in the scheduling is contained within a wooded area known as The Rough which dates to at least the post medieval period; this feature is therefore a significant aspect of the asset’s historic setting.

3.3 Historic landscape characterisation

3.3.1 The Merseyside Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) provides an interpretation of land use from 1850 to the present. The data shows that the development areas were located within Halsnead Park in 1850. The estate boundary broadly follows the development area boundaries. The data for 1893 shows no change in land use within the development areas. By 1939, although the Land South of Whiston development area remains predominately as private estate land, the Land South of the M62 development area has been given over to agricultural and industrial land, with a large section of the development area being used for extractive industry. The present day landscape characterisation shows how the Land South of Whiston development area diversified into various types of land use

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in the later 20th century, including agricultural, woodland, scrub land, residential, an artificial water body, a cemetery, a nursery and sports facilities.

3.3.2 The masterplan areas retain a parkland landscape character, enhanced by the presence of the estate wall on the historic perimeter.

3.3.3 The Merseyside Conurbation National Character Area Profile (58, 2013) notes that the key characteristics of the area include pockets of mainly versatile and good-quality farmland on urban fringes, with field boundaries generally defined by hedgerows. The development areas represent a pocket of ‘encapsulated countryside’.

3.4 Historic mapping

3.4.1 Historic maps depicting the proposed development areas have been consulted in order to identify significant historic features that may indicate the presence of archaeology, its level of survival and areas of historic ground disturbance. The results of this cartographic regression exercise are presented within Table 3.1. The proposed development areas are shown in red. Large scale versions of all maps used are presented within Appendix B. The extreme southern extent of the Land South of the M62 development area is not included within the visual representations of maps presented within this report, as they fall onto a separate Ordnance Survey map sheet. All of these additional sheets were examined as part of this assessment and changes within this area are described within the comments section of Table 3.1.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Table 3.1: Cartographic Regression Map Comments Ordnance Survey, 1850, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107. The development areas are both contained within the Halsnead Park boundary. The park is almost entirely surrounded by trees with several other clumps of trees dotted throughout the park. There are several small bodies of water, including ‘Big Water’, a small artificial lake located immediately south of Halsnead House. Seven dwellings are located within the development areas, Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016. including Sandfield Cottage (MM04), Prince’s House (MM22), Halsnead, Tarbock Lodge, Old Halsnead (MM09), Carr House, Cottage and Lodge (MM07), and Cronton House. Prince’s House features a coal pit immediately south. Halsnead has south facing ornamental gardens and is reached from the east by a tree lined avenue. The naming of several areas as ‘Pits’, such as Ravenhirst Pits and Sour Hey Pit, within the Land South of the M62 development area indicates that this area is being used for coal extraction at this time. A ‘ruin’ is noted south 9

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Map Comments west of Prince’s House. See Appendix B Figure 2. Ordnance Survey, 1894, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107. The park is accessed by five lodges on the east south and west boundaries (two of these lodges were present by 1850). The ‘ruin’ noted on the 1850 Ordnance Survey map is no longer identified. A field boundary has been instated east of Prince’s House. Within the southern tip of the Land South of the M62 development area Cronton Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016. House has been demolished and Fox’s Bank Cottages have been built, fronting onto the road. No other significant changes. See Appendix B Figure 3.

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Map Comments Ordnance Survey, 1928, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107. A mineral railway passes through both development areas leading to the newly created Cronton Colliery (MM25); a large industrial site in the centre of the Land South of the M62 development area. A newly constructed reservoir with pumping house is located immediately south of the colliery. An ice house was located between Prince’s House Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016. and Halsnead. A lane circumnavigating Prince’s House Farm (MM22) has been removed and there have been several field boundaries removed. Much of the Land South of the M62 development area has changed in land use from park land to agricultural land. Small pockets of the Land South of Whiston development area have also begun to be used for agriculture. No other significant changes. See Appendix B Figure 4.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Map Comments Ordnance Survey, 1951, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107. An area immediately east of Cronton Colliery (MM25) which was formerly occupied by Great Foxshaw wood is now being used for colliery waste. A sewage works and baths (opened 1933) are located immediately north of the colliery and a brick works has been added immediately west. Two nurseries are located within the east of the Land South of Whiston Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016. development area. A football field has been added to the north west corner of the Land South of Whiston development area. The main building of Halsnead has been demolished although four outbuildings remain. At Old Halsnead (MM09) outbuildings to the north and south of the main building have been demolished. There are field boundary changes across the site. No other significant changes. See Appendix B Figure 5.

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3.5 Historic Environment record data

3.5.1 Historic environment data from the Merseyside HER was received from Knowsley MBC in July 2016. A study area of 1km from the extent of the proposed masterplan area, is considered appropriate to the scale of the development. The results of the search are presented in the gazetteer (Appendix A) and are presented graphically in Figure 373379/MM/AR/001 (Appendix C). Built heritage assets, including listed buildings, are referenced within this section and included within Figure 373379/MM/AR/001. This is for the purposes of building an archaeological and historical background and for understanding levels of disturbance within the development areas. Built heritage assets will be dealt with in the Landscape and Townscape assessment prepared by Turley which will accompany the masterplan.

3.5.2 The archaeological and historical background is provided chronologically as shown in Table 2 below.

Table 3.2: Archaeological and historic periods used for the purpose of this assessment Historic Prehistoric period Dates period Dates Palaeolithic 500,000 to Roman AD 43 to 410 10,000 BC Late Glacial/Mesolithic 10,000 to 4,000 Early AD 410 to 1066 BC Medieval Neolithic/Early Bronze 4,000 to 1,600 Late AD 1066 to mid- Age BC Medieval C16th Middle Bronze Age 1,600 to 1,100 Post- c. AD 1550 to mid BC Medieval C19th Late Bronze Age 1,100 to 700 BC Modern c. AD 1850 to present Early Iron Age 700 to 400 BC Middle Iron Age 400 to 100 BC Late Iron Age/Roman 100 BC to AD Transition 43

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Prehistoric and Roman

3.5.3 There is evidence of prehistoric to Roman activity within the study area. Two early Mesolithic to late Neolithic flint scatters (MM37) have been identified approximately 230m and 340m south of the Land South of the M62 development area, either side of the M57 and a Neolithic polished stone axe (MM49) has also been located approximately 740m north of the Land South of Whiston masterplan area. A Romano-British enclosure was identified during excavations for the construction of the M57-A561 Tarbock Widnes Link Road approximately 340m south of the Land South of the M62 masterplan area (Cowell, 1997).

Medieval

3.5.4 There is no evidence of medieval activity within the masterplan area recorded within the HER. Evidence of medieval and post-medieval pottery in the form of findspots approximately 400m east and south of the masterplan area (MM30 and MM42-MM47) and evidence of medieval structures north, east and west of the masterplan area, the closest being 180m west of the masterplan area boundary (MM69, MM74, MM81 and MM86) have been identified throughout the study area, indicating that the wider area was occupied during this period. Halsnead was first mentioned in 1246 although its extents at this time are unknown and it is not shown as a park on John Speed’s map of Lancashire (1610). Land use within the masterplan area at this time is therefore unclear, wooded areas across the masterplan areas suggest that at least some of the area may have been woodland during the medieval period. It is also possible that some of the areas were used for agriculture, particularly in the Land South of the M62 masterplan area in which possible remnants of field boundaries are visible on the 1850 Ordnance Survey map.

Post medieval

3.5.5 Throughout the post-medieval period the masterplan area’s lay within the Halsnead Park estate. The estate was emparked by the 18th century although may date to before then (Turley, 2016).

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3.5.6 Two manor houses occupied the site including Halsnead Hall (MM23) within the Land South of Whiston masterplan area and Old Halsnead (MM09) within the South of the M62 masterplan area. It is likely that that section of the park surrounding Halsnead Hall was landscaped during this period including the creation of Big Lake, historic mapping also shows that there were also ornamental gardens surrounding the house. Much of the original layout of the park, particularly in the Land South of Whiston masterplan area remains evident in the pattern of the road layout and landscaped elements. Additionally the enclosing wall survives around much of the former parkland.

3.5.7 Coal mining is known to have commenced in the area by 1521, when Lord Derby granted a lease of mines in Whiston (Davies, 2013). The surrounding area became dominated by collieries and its associated infrastructure. Carr Colliery was sunk in the 1760s followed by Whiston Colliery and Halsnead Colliery in 1802, both located immediately west of the Land South of Whiston masterplan area among many others. There is also cartographic evidence of smaller scale coal pits within both development areas including that near Halsnead Villa Farm (MM24) with the north west section of the Land South of Whiston masterplan area.

3.5.8 During the post-medieval period the majority of the masterplan areas were unaffected by the explosion of the coal industry within the surrounding area. Several farmsteads were built within the Land South of Whiston masterplan area, including Prince’s House (MM22; north west), Sandfield Cottage (MM04; north east), and Carr House Farmhouse (MM07; south west).

Modern

3.5.9 Halsnead Colliery closed in 1913 and a large area of the land within the west of the Land South of the M62 masterplan area was given over to the creation of Cronton Colliery (MM25). The land was leased in 1913 to Hulton Colliery Company and the new shaft was completed by 1916 (SKM, 2003:125). By 1918 a further two shafts had been sunk, bringing the total to three. Cronton was the biggest and longest lived colliery in the area. The site was connected to the mainline railway by the Halsnead Colliery Branch Line (MM14) and a reservoir and pumping house were built to supply the water to wash the coal. Brick works were also constructed to the west to take

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advantage of the clay which was a by-product of the coal mining process. A magazine to store explosives, a baths for the miners to wash in and sewage works were all ancillary structures of the main works. Towards the middle of the 20th century a large spoil heap can be identified on historic mapping in the south west corner of the Land South of the M62 masterplan area, hinting at the rapid expansion and success the colliery experienced during this period.

3.5.10 Cronton Colliery (MM25) closed in 1981; all related structures were demolished, and the resulting space has been landscaped. The only visible surviving features are the three shafts sites which were topped with concrete caps and the old branch line railway embankment (SKM, 2003:127).

3.5.11 Halsnead Hall and Park were sold in 1929. The Hall was demolished in 1932 and much of what made up the park estate is now agricultural or recreational land. Halsnead Park mobile home site is located on the site of the hall but much of the boundaries of the park have survived in the road pattern and boundary walls.

3.5.12 The M62 was constructed in the 1970s. It bisected Halsnead Park and is now the barrier between the two development areas of the SUE.

3.6 Previous archaeological investigation within the development areas

3.6.1 Archaeological trial trenching and geophysical survey was undertaken in the north east of the Land South of Whiston development area prior to an extension of the existing cemetery. The only archaeological features identified were two ditches, which were suggested to be field boundaries of post medieval origin (Adams, 2012). No other intrusive archaeological investigations have taken place within the study area. However, a desk- based assessment and visual inspection was carried out on the site of Cronton Colliery (MM25) and the wider Land South of the M62 development area in 2003 (MM18) (Lee, 2003). The report concluded that the construction and operation of Cronton Colliery and its associated infrastructure will have removed any surviving archaeological evidence pertaining to earlier periods within its footprint.

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4 Archaeological and Historical Potential

4.1 Land South of Whiston development area

4.1.1 The baseline indicates that the Land South of Whiston development area has the potential for the following:

Prehistoric and Roman

4.1.2 There is evidence of prehistoric and Romano-British activity within the study area in the form of flint scatters (MM37), a Neolithic stone axe (MM49), and a Romano-British enclosure (MM37) located approximately 600m south of the development area. Trial trenching within a small section of the north east of the development area found no evidence of prehistoric activity. However, the majority of the development area was free from development during the post medieval period, as it was included within the Halsnead Park Estate. Therefore, areas which have not been subject to truncation should be considered to have low to moderate potential for prehistoric or Romano- British remains. Those areas which are considered to have a low to negligible potential for prehistoric to Roman remains include the location of the dismantled colliery branch line (MM14), Knowsley Cemetery, Big Lake, sports pitches within the north west corner of the development area and the footprints of existing and former buildings including Halsnead Park mobile home site and Prince’s House (see Figure 4.1).

Medieval

4.1.3 During the medieval period the proposed development area likely consisted of areas of woodland and agricultural land. It is unknown whether there was a manor house within the development areas which predated both Halsnead Hall and Old Halsnead. It is therefore considered that there is a low to moderate potential to encounter medieval remains within the development area. These will likely be related to the use of the area for agriculture and the remains of medieval structures. Areas which have been truncated by post- medieval or modern development are considered to have a low to negligible potential (see Figure 4.1).

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Post medieval

4.1.4 The development area was in use as parkland throughout much of the post medieval period. The park featured many post-medieval structures including, Halsnead, Prince’s House Farm, and several lodges. Halsnead was accompanied by gardens and parkland landscaping. Historic mapping and documentary sources show evidence of coal mining within the development area during this period. The level of survival of these pits is unknown, as no surveys have been undertaken in these areas. However, due to the probable early date of the remains they have the potential to be of local importance, depending on the nature and extent of the asset. It is therefore considered that the potential for post medieval remains within the development area is high. These will likely be the remains of post-medieval structures, gardens, and evidence of coal mining. Areas which have been truncated by modern development are considered to have a low to negligible potential (see Figure 4.1).

4.2 Land South of the M62 development area

4.2.1 The baseline indicates that the Land South of the M62 development area has the potential for the following:

Prehistoric and Roman

4.2.2 Evidence of prehistoric and Roman activity is present within the study area in the form of two flint scatters (MM37), a Neolithic stone axe (MM49), and a Romano-British enclosure (MM37) located approximately 340m south of the development area. The majority of the development area was free from development during the post medieval period when it was included within Halsnead Park, but during the modern period a large section of the development area was severely truncated by the construction and operation of Cronton Colliery and associated infrastructure and the subsequent landscaping of the site following demolition. It is considered that the potential for prehistoric to Roman remains within the colliery area will be negligible (see Figure 1). The western extent of the development area is considered to

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have a low to moderate potential for prehistoric to Roman remains as they have not been disturbed by subsequent development.

Medieval

4.2.3 The proposed development area was likely made up of wooded areas and agricultural land during the medieval period. It is unknown whether there was a manor house within the development areas which predated both Halsnead Hall and Old Halsnead. It is therefore considered that there is a low to moderate potential to encounter medieval remains within the development area. These will likely be related to the use of the area as for agriculture and medieval structures. However, areas which have been truncated by development, including the entire colliery site are considered to have a negligible potential (see Figure 4.1).

Post medieval

4.2.4 The development area was in use as parkland for the majority of the post- medieval period. This section of the park featured post-medieval structures including, Old Halsnead, and Cronton House. Historic mapping and documentary sources show evidence of coal mining within the development area during this period. The level of survival of these pits is unknown, as no surveys have been undertaken in these areas. However, due to the probable early date of the remains they have the potential to be of local importance depending on the nature and extent of the asset. It is therefore considered that the potential for post-medieval remains within the development area is high. These will likely be the remains of post-medieval structures and evidence of coal mining. However, areas which have been truncated by development, including the entire colliery site are considered to have a negligible potential (see Figure 4.1).

Modern

4.2.5 During the modern period the development area was dominated by a large active colliery. The site was levelled and landscaped in the 1980s and the shafts were capped with concrete. Despite this, evidence of mining activity will survive below the surface. It is therefore considered that the potential for

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modern remains of local importance to exist within the development area is high.

Figure 4.1: Plan for reference showing potential areas of disturbance characterised as having a low to negligible potential for archaeological remains from different periods. The inclusion of areas within this figure does not preclude archaeological potential from all periods. For example the site of Halsnead Hall has low to negligible potential for Prehistoric and Roman remains but it does have high potential for post-medieval remains. Small residences which are located on the periphery of the site have not been included within this figure as they are considered to be significant areas of disturbance. Where residences are present it should be assumed that the area is disturbed.

Source: © Crown Copyright Knowsley MBC 100017655, 2016

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5 Impact of Development Proposals

5.1.1 This impact assessment looks at the impact of the proposed development on the archaeological resource.

5.1.2 The scheduled monument Rainhill Hall Farm moated site and twelve fishponds in The Rough (MM13) is located approximately 970m east of the development areas and is included within this assessment for its archaeological value. The immediate setting of the asset has been assessed as being significant, however this does not include the development areas which are not visible from the asset and do not have a historical link to the hall. It is therefore considered that there will be no impact on the scheduled monument from the proposals.

5.1.3 Significant excavations across both development areas will be required to achieve the proposed vision for the SUEs. These works will have the potential to remove archaeological remains present within the development areas. Further assessment and investigation will be required to further define the archaeological potential within the development area in order to provide a more detailed account of the impact of the proposals. These should be undertaken to inform the planning application stage.

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6 Conclusion

6.1.1 Archaeological potential within the proposed development areas has been assessed as moderate to high with a high potential for medieval and post- medieval remains across both development areas, relating to Halsnead Park and a moderate potential for prehistoric or roman remains. In addition a high potential for modern remains was predicted for the Land South of the M62 development area relating the use of the site as a colliery. There are however, large areas within both development areas that have undergone significant development which will have truncated or removed archaeological remains. It is therefore considered that these areas have a low to negligible potential for remains from all but the modern period. These areas include the location of the dismantled colliery branch line (MM14), Knowsley Cemetery, Big Lake, sports pitches within the north-west corner of the development area, the footprints of existing and former buildings including Halsnead (MM23) and Prince’s House (MM22) and the Cronton Colliery site (MM25).

6.1.2 Further archaeological investigation will be required to accompany any planning application, in order to gain further detail of the archaeological potential of the development area. In the first instance this should take the form of a walkover survey to identify areas suitable for geophysical survey and to discount areas which have been subject to development and truncation. The geophysical survey will be used to establish the potential for buried archaeological remains.

6.1.3 It should however be noted that geophysical survey was used at the Knowsley Cemetery site in the north east corner of the Land South of Whiston development area and this technique failed to identify the ditches uncovered during trial trenching. For this reason the use of geophysical survey within this area should be approached with caution. The results of these investigations would provide further information on the presence, nature and character of any archaeological remains that may be present within the development footprint and inform an appropriate archaeological investigation strategy. The scope and nature of these works should be agreed in consultation with the Merseyside Environmental Advisory Service.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

7 References

7.1 Documents

7.1.1 Adams, M., 2012. ‘Archaeological Trial Trenching at Knowsley Cemetery, Fox’s Bank Lane, Whiston, Knowsley, Merseyside’. National Museums Liverpool Field Archaeology Unit. Unpublished report.

7.1.2 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ (CIfA), 2014. Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessments. CIfA.

7.1.3 Cowell, R., 1982. Knowsley Rural Fringes Survey. Merseyside County Museums.

7.1.4 Cowell, R., 1997. ‘M57-A562 Tarbock Widnes Link Road, Merseyside: Archaeological Assessment and Updated Project Design’. Field Archaeology Section, Liverpool Museum. Unpublished report.

7.1.5 Davies, 2013. Coal Mining in Lancashire & Cheshire. Amberley Publishing Limited.

7.1.6 Historic England, 2015. Good Practice Advice Note 2: Managing Significance in Decision-Taking in the Historic Environment. Historic England.

7.1.7 Historic England, 2015. Good Practice Advice Note 3: The Setting of Heritage Assets. Historic England.

7.1.8 Lee, A., 2003. ‘Cronton Colliery, Knowsley, Merseyside’. Oxford Archaeology North. Unpublished report.

7.1.9 Museum of Liverpool, 2011. ‘Knowsley Historic Settlement Study: Merseyside Historic Characterisation Project’. Unpublished report.

7.1.10 Natural England, 2013. National Character Area Profile: 58: Merseyside Conurbation. Natural England.

7.1.11 Sinclair Knight Merz, 2003. ‘Cronton Colliery: Environmental Statement’. SKM. Unpublished report.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

7.1.12 Turley, 2016. ‘Landscape and Townscape Assessment’. Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council.

7.1.13

7.2 Maps

7.2.1 British Geological Survey (2016), Geology of Britain Viewer. 1:50,000 [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/viewer.html].

7.2.2 Ordnance Survey (1850), Six inch, Lancashire CVII.

7.2.3 Ordnance Survey (1894), Six inch, Lancashire CVII.

7.2.4 Ordnance Survey (1928), Six inch, Lancashire CVII.

7.2.5 Ordnance Survey (1951), Six inch, Lancashire CVII.

7.2.6 Speed, John (2016), The Countie Pallatine of Lancaster described and divided into hundred. Not to scale.

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown Copyright Unauthorised Reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil Proceedings. Knowsley MBC. 100017655 2016

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Appendices

A. Historic Environment Record Gazetteer ______26 B. Cartographic Sources ______43 C. Historic Environment Drawing ______47

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

A. Historic Environment Record Gazetteer

Table A.1: Designated heritage assets within the 1km study area. Distance MM from Numbe NHLE List NGR development r entry ID location Name Designation area (m) MM01 1253242 SJ 48976 Old Hall Farmhouse Grade II* 1015 90254 listed building MM02 1253249 SJ 47899 North East Lodge to Grade II 0 90187 Halsnead Park listed building MM03 1253250 SJ 47793 Barn at Snape Gate Grade II 0 89821 listed building MM04 1253251 SJ 47663 Sandfield Cottage Grade II 0 90515 listed building MM05 1253345 SJ 48538 Dean's Farmhouse Grade II 580 90372 listed building MM06 1253429 SJ47904 Gate Piers Beside Grade II 0 90195 North East Lodge to listed building Halsnead Park MM07 1253441 SJ 46440 Carr House Farmhouse Grade II 0 89801 listed building MM08 1253505 SJ 46462 The Paddocks and The Grade II 0 89814 Stables listed building MM09 1261787 SJ 47454 Old Halsnead Grade II 0 89555 listed building MM10 1261893 SJ 48495 Range Of Adjoining Grade II 535 90354 Farm Buildings in L listed building Plan (Rear of Dean's Farmhouse) MM11 1261894 SJ 46719 Church of St Nicholas Grade II 60 90313 listed building MM12 1392301 SJ46938 Ropers Bridge Grade II 525 91050 listed building MM13 1017860 SJ 49098 Rainhill Hall Farm Scheduled 970 90078 moated site and twelve monument fishponds in The Rough Source: Historic England, National Heritage List for England. Downloaded April 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Table A.2: Undesignated heritage assets within the 1km study area. Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) Prehistoric MM37 MME6290 Flint scatter, west ochre FLINT SCATTER EARLY 340 brook and daggers MESOLITHIC to bridge farm LATE NEOLITHIC MM37 MME6291 Farm- e ochre brook & s FLINT SCATTER EARLY 230 daggers bridge MESOLITHIC to LATE NEOLITHIC MM49 MME6866 Neolithic Polished Stone FINDSPOT NEOLITHIC 740 Axe, No. 157 Dragon Lane, Whiston Roman MM37 MME6289 Enclosure, west. Ochre ENCLOSURE ROMAN to 340 brook & south daggers TUDOR bridge from, Tarbock Medieval MM30 MME7129 Medieval and Post FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL 425 Medieval Pottery, North to VICTORIAN of Higher Shaw Farm MM30 MME7128 Medieval and/or Post FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL to 430 Medieval Pottery, Fields VICTORIAN East of Higher Shaw Farm, Cronton MM42 MME6257 Medieval and Early Post FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL to 980 Medieval Pottery, STUART Northeast of Tarbock Hall, Tarbock MM43 MME6248 Medieval and Early Post FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL to 965 Medieval Pottery, STUART Northwest of Brunt Boggart Farm, Water Lane, Tarbock MM44 MME6247 Medieval Pottery, FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL 685 Southwest of Yew Tree Farm, Tarbock MM44 MME6253 Medieval and Post FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL to 540 Medieval Pottery, GEORGIAN

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) Northwest of Yew Tree Farm, off Dacre's Bridge Lane, Tarbock MM45 MME6254 Medieval Pottery, FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL 840 Northwest of Water Lane Farm, Tarbock MM46 MME685 Medieval Pottery, FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL 445 1 Southeast of Higher Park Farm, Tarbock MM47 MME625 Medieval Pottery, West FINDSPOT MEDIEVAL 890 6 of Ox Lane, Tarbock to VICTORIAN MM69 MME713 Rainhill Hall Farm MANOR MEDIEVAL 980 2 HOUSE to GEORGIAN MM69 MME713 Rainhill Hall Farm GATEHOUSE MEDIEVAL 980 4 to GEORGIAN MM69 4890-016 Rainhill Hall Farm MOAT, SITE Medieval to 980 Post Medieval MM74 MME628 Site of a Chapel of CHAPEL MEDIEVAL 190 2 Ridgate, within Tarbock to JACOBEAN MM81 MME133 Site of a Mill Dam, for MILL DAM MEDIEVAL 895 17 Former Watermill near to Mill Bridge, Tarbock VICTORIAN MM86 MME686 Site of Cross, on Dragon CROSS MEDIEVAL 715 9 Lane, Whiston Post medieval MM100 MME717 Site of Stoney Lane HOUSE GEORGIAN 935 2 Farm, Stoney Lane, to LATE Rainhill 20TH CENTURY MM101 MME100 Site of Tushingham's BRICK AND VICTORIAN 360 37 Brickworks, Stadt Moers TILEMAKING to LATE Country Park, Whiston SITE 20TH CENTURY

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM102 MME630 Site of Weighing WEIGHING VICTORIAN 215 5 Machine, near Bishop MACHINE Drive, Whiston MM14 MME100 Site of Willis Branch of COLLIERY HANOVERI South site, 2 Liverpool and RAILWAY AN to LATE North site Manchester Railways, to 20TH Halstead Colliery, CENTURY Whiston MM21 MME628 Carr Cottage, Windy HOUSE GEORGIAN North site 3 Arbor Crow, Whiston to 21ST CENTURY MM21 MME131 Outbuilding of Carr OUTBUILDING GEORGIAN North site 32 Cottage, Windy Arbor to 21ST Brow, Whiston CENTURY MM22 MME685 Barn and Outbuildings at BARN, GEORGIAN North site 7 Prince's House Farm, OUTBUILDING to 21ST near Cock Glade's Lane, CENTURY Whiston MM22 MME629 Site of a 'Ruin' at Prince's GARDEN VICTORIAN North site 8 House, off Windy Arbor FEATURE? Road, Whiston MM22 MME130 Site of Prince's House HOUSE GEORGIAN North site 83 Farm, near Cock Glade's to LATE Lane, Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM23 MME685 Site of Halsnead Hall, HOUSE STUART to North site 6 Halsnead Park, Whiston. EARLY 20TH CENTURY MM24 MME686 Site of a Coal Pit, near COLLIERY VICTORIAN North site 5 Halsnead Villa Farm, Whiston MM26 MME684 Fox's Bank Cottages, HOUSE GEORGIAN South site 3 Cronton Road, Tarbock to 21ST CENTURY MM27 MME625 18th and 19th Century FINDSPOT STUART to 540 5 Finds, West of Ox Lane, VICTORIAN Tarbock

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM27 MME625 18th and 19th Century FINDSPOT STUART to 265 5 Finds, West of Ox Lane, VICTORIAN Tarbock MM28 MME710 Farmhouse of Cronton FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 820 8 Farm, Cronton Road, to 21ST Cronton CENTURY MM28 MME116 Barn and Outbuilding of BARN, GEORGIAN 795 10 Cronton Farm, Cronton OUTBUILDING to 21ST Road, Cronton CENTURY MM29 MME713 Barn of Higher Shaw BARN, COW GEORGIAN 290 0 Farm, Cronton HOUSE to 21ST CENTURY MM29 MME712 Farmhouse of Higher FARMHOUSE, STUART to 290 1 Shaw Farm, Cronton DATE STONE 21ST CENTURY MM29 MME713 Stables of Higher Shaw STABLE GEORGIAN 270 1 Farm, Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM30 MME710 House of Penny Lane FARM GEORGIAN 850 9 Farm, Penny Lane, to 21ST Cronton CENTURY MM30 MME711 Barn of Penny Lane CRUCK BARN GEORGIAN 830 3 Farm, Penny Lane, to 21ST Cronton CENTURY MM31 MME939 Blundell's Hill Farm, HOUSE, DATE GEORGIAN 710 5 Blundells Lane, Rainhill STONE to 21ST CENTURY MM31 MME147 Outbuilding at Blundell's OUTBUILDING VICTORIAN 715 56 Hill Farm, Blundells to 21ST Lane, Rainhill CENTURY MM33 MME683 Site of Wilson's HOUSE GEORGIAN 945 7 Tenement, Water Lane, to LATE Tarbock 20TH CENTURY MM33 MME130 Brunt Boggart, Water HOUSE GEORGIAN 950 12 Lane, Tarbock to 21ST CENTURY MM33 MME684 Site of a House, South of HOUSE GEORGIAN 960

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) 0 Water Lane, Tarbock to VICTORIAN MM34 MME628 Dagger's Bridge, Dacre's BRIDGE GEORGIAN 180 7 Bridge Lane, Tarbock to 21ST CENTURY MM35 MME712 Stone Bridge, Shaw BRIDGE GEORGIAN 240 2 Entry, Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM35 MME712 Stone Bridge, Rough BRIDGE VICTORIAN 700 7 Head Wood, Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM38 MME685 Farmhouse of Lower FARM, DATE GEORGIAN 440 0 House Farm, Prescot STONE, WELL to 21ST Road, Cronton CENTURY MM39 MME624 Higher Park Farm FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 345 2 Farmhouse, off Dacre's to 21ST Lane, Tarbock CENTURY MM39 MME129 Higher Park Farm Barn, BARN GEORGIAN 315 82 off Dacre's Lane, to 21ST Tarbock CENTURY MM39 MME129 Higher Park Farm OUTBUILDING VICTORIAN 335 83 Outbuilding, off Dacre's to 21ST Lane, Tarbock CENTURY MM41 MME685 Meadowbrook, Fox's BARN, HOUSE, GEORGIAN 30 9 Bank Lane, Whiston DATE STONE to 21ST CENTURY MM50 MME628 Site of Hollands House, HOUSE VICTORIAN 35 0 off Windy Arbour Brow, to MID Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM50 MME628 No. 10 Windy Arbor HOUSE GEORGIAN 15 4 Brow, Whiston to 21ST CENTURY MM51 MME714 No. 102 Blundells Lane, HOUSE GEORGIAN 480 1 Rainhill to 21ST CENTURY MM52 MME683 Site of Tan House, Alder HOUSE, GEORGIAN 960 8 Lane, Tarbock TANNERY to LATE

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) 20TH CENTURY MM52 MME715 No. 150 Stoney Lane, HOUSE GEORGIAN 915 8 Rainhill to 21ST CENTURY MM53 MME629 No. 2 Greenes Road, BUILDING?, GEORGIAN 380 6 Whiston WESLEYAN to 21ST METHODIST CENTURY CHAPEL, SCHOOL, NURS MM53 MME131 No. 211 Dragon Lane, BUILDING?, GEORGIAN 355 52 Whiston INN, HOUSE to 21ST CENTURY MM54 MME684 No. 93 Cronton Road, HOUSE VICTORIAN 20 5 Tarbock to 21ST CENTURY MM55 MME711 Penny Lane Cottages, HOUSE VICTORIAN 580 5 Penny Lane, Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM55 MME711 No. 95 Penny Lane, HOUSE VICTORIAN 535 6 Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM55 MME711 Oak Lodge, Penny Lane, HOUSE GEORGIAN 465 7 Cronton to 21ST CENTURY MM56 MME607 Nos. 1 and 3 Whitfield HOUSE, DATE HANOVERI 780 2 Lane, Tarbock STONE AN to 21ST CENTURY MM56 MME608 Site of a Smithy, BLACKSMITHS HANOVERI 790 5 Whitfield Lane, Tarbock WORKSHOP, AN to WHEELWRIGH EDWARDIA TS N WORKSHOP MM56 MME607 Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 HOUSE GEORGIAN 810 6 Whitefield Lane, Tarbock to 21ST CENTURY

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM57 MME607 Outbuilding to East of HOUSE, GEORGIAN 825 4 Hare and Hounds Public GARAGE, to 21ST House, Tarbock PUBLIC CENTURY HOUSE MM58 MME609 Site of Huyton Hey COLLIERY GEORGIAN 760 7 Colliery, Stadt Moers to Park, Huyton VICTORIAN MM58 MME610 Site of Coal Pit (Centre COLLIERY GEORGIAN 915 0 of Three), near Site of to Logwood Farm, Wilson VICTORIAN Road, Huyton MM58 MME119 Site of Coal Pit COLLIERY GEORGIAN 940 19 (Northern), near Site of to Logwood Farm, Wilson VICTORIAN Road, Huyton MM58 MME119 Site of Coal Pit COLLIERY GEORGIAN 785 20 (Southern), near Site of to Logwood Farm, Wilson VICTORIAN Road, Huyton MM58 MME608 Site of a Colliery, off COLLIERY GEORGIAN 735 2 Cronton Road, Tarbock MM58 MME609 Site of Ridings Colliery, COLLIERY VICTORIAN 815 5 Stadt Moers Park, Whiston MM58 MME629 Site of Houghton's Hey COAL GEORGIAN 330 9 Colliery, Stadt Moers WORKINGS to Park, Whiston VICTORIAN MM58 MME630 Site of Coal Pit for COLLIERY GEORGIAN 360 0 Houghton's Hey Colliery, to Stadt Moers Park, EDWARDIA Whiston N MM58 MME630 Site of Whiston Colliery, COLLIERY GEORGIAN 610 1 Stadt Moers Park, to Whiston VICTORIAN MM58 MME630 Site of Coal Pits at COLLIERY GEORGIAN 590 2 Whiston Colliery, Stadt to Moers Park, Whiston VICTORIAN

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM58 MME130 Site of Second Whiston COLLIERY VICTORIAN 590 97 Colliery, Stadt Moers to Park, Whiston EDWARDIA N MM58 MME630 Site of Hig Hey Colliery, COLLIERY GEORGIAN 275 3 near Bishop Drive, to Whiston VICTORIAN MM58 MME630 Site of Coal Pits for Hig COLLIERY GEORGIAN 280 4 Hey Colliery, near Bishop to Drive, Whiston VICTORIAN MM58 MME630 Site of Halsnead Colliery, COLLIERY GEORGIAN 110 6 near Windy Arbour Road, to Whiston VICTORIAN MM58 MME131 Site of Coal Shafts of COLLIERY GEORGIAN 100 02 Halsnead Colliery, near to Windy Arbour Road, VICTORIAN Whiston MM58 MME131 Site of Coal Shafts of COLLIERY GEORGIAN 125 02 Halsnead Colliery, near to Windy Arbour Road, VICTORIAN Whiston MM58 MME131 Site of Coal Shafts of COLLIERY GEORGIAN 145 02 Halsnead Colliery, near to Windy Arbour Road, VICTORIAN Whiston MM58 MME131 Site of Coal Shafts of COLLIERY GEORGIAN 150 02 Halsnead Colliery, near to Windy Arbour Road, VICTORIAN Whiston MM58 MME131 No. 162 Windy Arbour COLLIERY?, GEORGIAN 85 04 Road, Whiston HOUSE?, to 21ST DATE STONE CENTURY MM58 MME687 Site of Stunk Colliery, COLLIERY VICTORIAN 915 7 near Maple Close, Whiston MM59 MME607 Site of a House, near HOUSE VICTORIAN 475 0 Cronton Road, Tarbock to LATE 20TH

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) CENTURY MM59 MME607 Site of a House, Cronton HOUSE GEORGIAN 630 1 Road, Tarbock to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM59 MME607 Site of a House, North HOUSE GEORGIAN 705 5 Side Cronton Road, to EARLY Tarbock 20TH CENTURY MM60 MME607 Site of Priory Farm FARMHOUSE, GEORGIAN 765 9 Farmhouse, off Cronton OUTBUILDING, to LATE Road, Tarbock PIGSTY 20TH CENTURY MM60 MME608 Site of Priory Farm STABLE, CART GEORGIAN 730 0 Outbuildings, off Cronton SHED, to LATE Road, Tarbock PIGSTY, 20TH OUTBUILDING CENTURY MM61 MME608 Site of Tarbock Tile BRICKWORKS, VICTORIAN 720 6 Works, Cronton Road, TILE WORKS Tarbock MM61 MME714 Nos. 101 and 103 HOUSE GEORGIAN 380 5 Blundells Lane, Rainhill to 21ST CENTURY MM62 MME684 Outbuilding at White OUTBUILDING GEORGIAN 425 4 House Farm, Prescot to 21ST Road, Tarbock CENTURY MM64 MME624 Yew Tree Farm, South of FARMHOUSE, GEORGIAN 575 4 Cronton Road, Tarbock STRUCTURE to 21ST CENTURY MM67 MME686 Site of Roper's FARMHOUSE ELIZABETH 610 8 Farmhouse, Dragon AN to MID Lane, Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM68 MME713 Prospect House, HOUSE, GEORGIAN 640 7 Blundells Lane, Rainhill OUTBUILDING, to 21ST HOUSE CENTURY

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM70 MME715 Ranelagh Grange HOUSE, VICTORIAN 885 6 Residential Home, NURSING to 21ST Stoney Lane, Rainhill HOME CENTURY MM71 MME100 Site of a boiler house, BOILER GEORGIAN 925 48 Stoney Lane, Rainhill HOUSE to VICTORIAN MM72 MME624 Site of a House, Dacre's HOUSE GEORGIAN 195 3 Lane, Tarbock to EARLY 20TH CENTURY MM72 MME624 Tarbock Lodge, Dacre's GATE LODGE, VICTORIAN 160 5 Lane, Tarbock RIDING to 21ST SCHOOL CENTURY MM72 MME626 Section of Halstead Park BOUNDARY GEORGIAN 170 2 Boundary Wall, Dacres WALL to 21ST Bridge Lane, Tarbock CENTURY MM73 MME147 Site of a barn, Deans BARN STUART to 605 60 House Farm, Cronton VICTORIAN Lane, Rainhill MM75 MME627 Site of a House and Hen HOUSE, VICTORIAN 265 6 & Chickens beer House, PUBLIC to MID near Coppice Lane, HOUSE 20TH Tarbock CENTURY MM76 MME627 Site of Bottom Row, near HOUSE VICTORIAN 420 9 Coppice Lane, Tarbock to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM76 MME627 Site of a Farm, near FARM GEORGIAN 420 8 Coppice Lane, Tarbock to VICTORIAN MM76 MME627 Site of a House, near HOUSE GEORGIAN 310 7 M62 and Knowsley to Expressway Junction, VICTORIAN Tarbock MM76 MME130 Site of Top Row, near HOUSE GEORGIAN 270 73 M62 and Knowsley to LATE Expressway Junction, 20TH Tarbock CENTURY

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM77 MME628 Site of a Farm, FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 65 1 Southwest of Windy to LATE Arbor, Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM78 MME687 Site of a house, Cumber HOUSE GEORGIAN 945 9 Lane, Rainhill to EARLY 20TH CENTURY MM79 MME685 Site of a House, Foxs HOUSE VICTORIAN 10 4 Back Lane, Tarbock to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM80 MME629 Site of Wesleyan WESLEYAN GEORGIAN 325 7 Methodist Chapel, Windy METHODIST to EARLY Arbor Road, Whiston CHAPEL 20TH CENTURY MM82 MME132 Site of Barn, Corner of BARN GEORGIAN 390 17 Greene's Lane and to LATE Paradise Lane, Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM84 MME630 Site of Brown's House, HOUSE GEORGIAN 900 8 near Pottery Lane, to EARLY Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM85 MME624 Site of Brunt Boggart FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 955 0 Farmhouse, Water Lane, to LATE Tarbock 20TH CENTURY MM85 MME623 Site of Burnt Boggart STABLE GEORGIAN 945 9 Stable, Water Lane, to LATE Tarbock 20TH CENTURY MM85 MME625 Water Lane Farm, Water BARN, GEORGIAN 985 9 Lane, Tarbock OUTBUILDING to 21ST CENTURY MM86 MME687 Site of Pinfold House, HOUSE GEORGIAN 695 6 Southwest of Junction of to MID Cross Lane and Dragon 20TH

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) Lane, Whiston CENTURY MM86 MME687 Site of Stocks, Cross STOCKS VICTORIAN 730 5 Lane, Whiston MM87 MME687 Site of Cumber Lane FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 745 0 Farm, Cumber Road, to LATE Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM88 MME627 Site of Dagger's Bridge FARMHOUSE JACOBEAN 215 4 Farm, M62 and to LATE Knowsley Expressway 20TH Junction, Tarbock CENTURY MM89 MME630 Site of Engine Inn, BUILDING?, GEORGIAN 610 9 Pottery Road, Whiston INN, HOUSE to MID 20TH CENTURY MM89 MME629 Site of Firgrove Cottage, HOUSE GEORGIAN 545 5 off Greene's Road, to COLD Whiston WAR MM90 MME629 Site of Firgrove Cottage, HOUSE GEORGIAN 850 4 off Pottery Lane, Whiston to MID 20TH CENTURY MM91 MME684 Site of Fox's Bank Farm, FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 250 6 Cronton Road, Tarbock to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM92 MME686 Site of Higher Sides, FARMHOUSE GEORGIAN 390 0 Cumber Lane, Whiston to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM93 MME714 Site of Ivy Cottage, Old HOUSE GEORGIAN 970 3 Lane, Rainhill to MID 20TH CENTURY MM94 MME629 Site of Latham Farm, FARM GEORGIAN 860 3 Pottery Lane, Whiston to LATE 20TH CENTURY

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) MM94 MME630 Site of The Lathom's, HOUSE GEORGIAN 855 7 Pottery Lane, Whiston to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM95 MME608 Site of Logwood Farm, FARM GEORGIAN 600 9 Huyton, Knowsley to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM95 MME609 Site of Logwood Mill, WATERMILL GEORGIAN 600 0 Wilson Road, Huyton to EARLY 20TH CENTURY MM96 MME131 Site of Paradise Farm, FARMHOUSE VICTORIAN 240 63 near Bishop Drive, to LATE Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM97 MME684 Site of Red House, HOUSE VICTORIAN 305 9 Prescot Road, Cronton to LATE 20TH CENTURY MM98 MME685 Site of Snape Gate HOUSE GEORGIAN 10 5 Cottages, Foxes Bank to LATE Lane, Whiston 20TH CENTURY MM99 MME100 Site of Stoney Lane ROAD BRIDGE GEORGIAN 915 55 Bridge, Stoney Lane, to LATE Rainhill 20TH CENTURY Modern MM25 MME100 Site of Cronton Colliery, COLLIERY EARLY South site 28 Halsnead Park, Whiston 20TH CENTURY to LATE 20TH CENTURY Unknown MM32 4889-006 Brick Wood WOOD Undated 275 MM35 MME712 Earthworks and Features EARTHWORK, Unknown 765

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from MM development Number HER Ref. Name Type Period area (m) 3 within and near Rough BOUNDARY Head Wood, Cronton BANK, DRAINAGE SYSTEM MM36 MME713 Enclosure cropmark, ENCLOSURE? Unknown 455 5 south of Blundells Lane, Rainhill MM48 MME713 Moat Lands field, SITE? Unknown 870 3 Blundells Lane, Rainhill MM63 MME717 Possible cropmark site, SITE? Unknown 690 5 west of Stoney Lane, Rainhill MM64 MME626 Possible Cropmark, FEATURE? Unknown 605 3 Southeast of Yew Tree Farm, Tarbock MM64 MME626 Possible Cropmark, FEATURE? Unknown 680 4 Southwest of Yew Tree Farm, Tarbock MM65 MME714 Possible cropmark, west SITE? Unknown 340 9 of Deans House Farm, Rainhill MM66 MME626 Possible Cropmark, West FEATURE? Unknown 895 5 of Knowsley Expressway, North of Water Lane, Tarbock MM66 MME133 Two Flint Flakes, Dragon FINDSPOT Unknown 600 86 Lane, Whiston MM83 MME628 Site of Boundary Bank BOUNDARY Unknown 205 5 Section for Halstead BANK Park, M62 and M57 Junction, Tarbock Source: Merseyside Historic Environment Record, received August 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Table A.3: Archaeological investigations within the 1km study area. Distance from Type of Date of NGR development MM No. investigation Title of report investigation location area (m) MM16 Archaeological M57-A562 Tarbock to 1991 SJ46489 340 Assessment - Widnes Link Road: 0 Draft Report Archaeological Assessment and Evaluation: Draft Report MM16 Summary M57-A562 Link Road: 1992 SJ46489 340 Report Tarbock to Widnes. 0 Archaeological Implications: Summary Report MM17 Archaeological Rainhill Hall Farm, St 1996 SJ48990 945 Evaluation Helens, Merseyside: 2 Archaeological Evaluation MM16 Archaeological M57-A562 Tarbock 1997 SJ46489 340 Assessment Widnes Link Road, 0 Merseyside: Archaeological Assessment and updated Project Design MM18 Archaeological Cronton Colliery, 2003 SJ47589 0 Desk-Based Knowsley, Merseyside: 5 Assessment & Archaeological Desk- Visual Based Assessment & Inspection Visual Inspection MM19 Archaeological M62 Junction 6 2006 SJ46589 180 Evaluation Archaeological Evaluation 4 Final Report MM20 Building Building Recording at Carr 2008 SJ46489 0 Recording House Farm Barn, 8 Whiston, Knowsley, Merseyside

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Distance from Type of Date of NGR development MM No. investigation Title of report investigation location area (m) MM19 Archaeological M62 Junction 6 2009 SJ46289 395 Post Excavation Improvements Scheme: 1 Assessment Archaeological Post Report on Excavation Assessment Excavations in Report on Excavations in 2007 2007 MM19 Photographic M62 Junction 6 2010 SJ46489 105 Survey Improvements, Huyton 4 Merseyside; Cultural Heritage Photographic Survey Source: Merseyside Historic Environment Record, received August 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

B. Cartographic Sources

Figure B.1: Ordnance Survey, 1850, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107.

Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Figure B.2: Ordnance Survey, 1894, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107.

Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Figure B.3: Ordnance Survey, 1923, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107.

Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

Figure B.4: Ordnance Survey, 1951, six inch, County Series, Lancashire 107.

Source: National Library of Scotland, 2016.

Archaeology Baseline Assessment Halsnead Masterplan SPD

C. Historic Environment Record Drawing

Overview

MM78 MM58 !. !.

MM49 MM87 MM70 MM99 !. !. !. !. !. !. !. MM71 Contains OS data © Crown !. MM100 MM86 MM63 Copyright and database right 2016 MM67 !. !. !. MM84 !.MM66 !. MM52 !. MM89 ^_ MM12 MM94 !. !. MM93 ^_ Listed building !.!. MM90 !. MM92 MM53 !. !. !. !.!. Scheduled monument MM82 !. MM80 !. Undesignated heritage asset MM101 MM58 Undesignated heritage asset MM58 !. !. !. MM51 MM68 MM48 "/ Archaeological event MM04 !. !. !. !. 5 MM58 !. MM1 MM31 Indicative SUE boundary !. !.MM58 ^_ MM61 !. MM36 !. MM96 !. MM58 MM05 1km study area !.!. MM102 !. MM !. ^_ MM73 14 !. !. !. ^_ ^_ !. MM41 MM10 MM69 !. MM01 MM58 !. MM11 !. MM65 !. MM24 MM02 ^_ MM22 !. ^_ MM17 "/ ^_MM06 !. MM58 !. MM58 MM13 !. MM58 !. !. !. !.!. MM58 MM23 !. !. !. MM95 MM58 MM50 !. MM08 MM03 MM50 !.!.!. ^_^_"/MM20 ^_ MM21 MM07 !. MM98 M !. MM77 M MM30 1 MM09 4 !. !. MM74 ^_ MM18 MM32 MM75 !. "/ MM57 MM60 !. MM19 "/ Undesignated data from Merseyside Historic Environment Record !. !.!.!. MM61 !.!. !. MM59 MM19 !. recieved from Knowsley MBC July 2016. MM56 !. "/ M MM25 MM29 !. !. !. M !. © Historic England 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data !.!. 1 !. !. MM35 MM58 !. 4 MM30 !. © Crown copyright and database right 2016. The Historic England !. MM76 MM76 !. GIS Data contained in this material was obtained on16 April 2016. !. The most publicly available up to date Historic England GIS Data !. MM83 MM19 MM35 can be obtained from HistoricEngland.org.uk. MM27 !. MM79 "/ !. MM34 !. MM88 !. !. 2 Brewery Wharf MM16 "/!. !. MM37 MM72 Kendell Street MM37 !.!.!. MM26 !. !. Leeds MM81 !. MM54 MM55 !. LS10 1JR !. !. MM30 United Kingdom !. MM91 !.!. +44 (0)113 3946700 MM27 !.!. MM39 !.

MM44 MM47 !. MM46 MM97 Knowsley Metropolitan Borough !. !. MM64 !. !. MM64 MM64 !. MM28 !.!. !. MM38 !. Council MM42 MM44 !. !. !. MM40 MM40 MM62 MM45!. !. !. !. South of Whiston and Land South of M62 MM66 MM43 Sustinable Urban Extension !. !.MM85 Heritage Assets !.!. MM33 !. !.!. MM52 !. 01 17/08/2016 AM For Information PR MH

© Mott MacDonald Ltd. Scale at A3 Drawing No. This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. Metres We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to use by other parties. 0 200 400 600 800 [ 1:15,000 373379/MM/AR/001 P:\Leeds\EVT\Projects\2. Archaeology\South Whiston\GIS\MXDs\MM-373739-WNE-MX-00-001 South Whiston Archaeology.mxd