INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY

THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY f 1.25 FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

lronbridge weekend o Powys smithy o Smethwick and Hull engines AIA future plannlng o Poland o south west electricity o publications o regional news o5o(lATlo&, Llythyrdy Smithy, Pentrebach, Powys ?

ln October 2001 a contracted archaeological of the D.T.M. Jones estate in the area of desk-top study, photographic recording and Pentrebach have so far failed to link the smithy 4I$ building suruey was undertaken on the site of a with either estate. Abedlech manor house was INDUSTRIAL former village snithy which to be converted for built in 1780 and the date appears to tie in with domestic use. Cartographic evidence showed a the corn mill and smithy buildings. ARCHAEOLOGY building occupying the site of the smithy in | 81 9, A thriving community appears to have NEWS L22 which is shown clearly as a three-compartnent developed at Pentrebach during the mid- building in 1905. The dry stone walled structure nineteenth century. During the 1 860s the Neath & Autumn 20,o.2 suggests a possible eighteenth century origin. Brecon Railway Co. began to construct a line The smithy is a rare example of snall rural north and south of Pentrebach, but it was never Honorary President industry and includes a forge heafth that has completed and the abandoned earthworks can Prof Angus Buchanan been left untouched since it went out of use in still be seen. The Railway Inn was built and 13 Hensley Road, Eath BA2 2DR the laner half of the twentieth century. became a traditional meeting place for the local Chairman hunt. The Squire at Abedlech had his own pack of Mike Bone Sunnyside, Avon Close, Keynsham, Bristol 8531 2UL Pat Frost hounds and there was a hunt at Sennybridge in the early twentieth century which also met at the Vice-Chairman Prof Marilyn Palmer The smithy is located in the centre of the small inn. The single door in the Pentrebach smithy School of Archaeological Studies, the University, settlement of Pentrebach (SN 90883303) about infers that shoeing of horses took place on the Leicester LE'l 7RH 4.3km north of Sennybridge. The settlement roadside forecourt area set aside for this use. Secretary developed on the confluence of Nant yr Eithrin The smithy forms a single storey building David Alderton and the Afon measuring 6.9m by 6m wide externally, fronting 48 Quay Street, Halesworth, Suffolk lPl9 8EY Cilieni, which flow south to meet the River Usk, sunounded by agricultural and the west side of the road. The north and south Treasurea Richard Hartree pastoral lands and small woods. The smithy gables rise to c5m at the apex and the walls are Stables Cottage, Sibford Fenis, Banbury 0Xl 5 5RE occupies a roadside position south of a converted 0.6m thick on all sides. The building is constructed lA Review Editor corn mill and north of an inn which has of irregularly coursed and unmortared local Dr David Gwyn undergone several name changes since it was linear-bedded sandstone. The fabric shows signs Nant y Felin, Llannllynfri Road, Pen y Groes, constructed as The Railway Tavern in the 1 860s as of past lime wash and more recent patches of Caernarfon LL54 6LY a hostelry for railway navvies. The inn was concrete rendered reoair work. The east and west lA News Editor primarily long walls stand c2m above the external ground Dr Peter Stanier the home of a shoemaker, and renamed 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset SP7 8LF The Shoemaker's Arms (Tafarn y Crydd). level. but the floor level inside is 0.4m lower because Affiliated Societies Officer Corn mills, smithies and inns were an the road has been raised. Prof Ray Riley essential part of every rural community. The The cunent roof is covered with conugated 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Paradq 5outhsea, Hampshire traditional method of heating iron on a hearth iron sheets, but a former stone tiled roof is PO5 3NX blown by bellows has changed little since suggested by finds on the site of two sandstone Sales Officer medieval times and many post-medieval smithy roof tiles with nail holes. The roof is supported by Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire structures overlie their medieval predecessors. a central through purlin tie beam truss with collar WVl5 6AF While the size of smithies may have increased, beam constructed in oak. Joiner's marks in the Librarian and Archivist the basic tools such as hammer, tongs, bellows form of three parallel lines were located on the John Powell and anvil remain the same. There was a general do lGMl lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7AW increase in ironworking during the eighteenth Conference Secretary century and the production centres of Merthyr Tony Parkes 60 School Lane, Hill Ridware Rugeley WS1 5 3QN Tydfil and Blaenavon presumably supplied blacksmiths nonh of the county with bars of iron. Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp The 1819 Ordnance Survey drawing by 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Robert Dawson records the village and despite Sheffield 56 5BJ the map's small scale, the corn mill is clearly seen Honorary Vice-Presidents and further south a rectangular building fronts Sir Neil Cossons John Hume the west side of the road with a second building Stuart B. Smith west of it. The roadside building is on the site of Council Members the present smithy and the building to the west Dr Robert Carr Dr Paul Collins (co-opted) John Crompton Dr Mike Harrison (co-opted) appears to be the part stone-walled structure that David Lyne Dr Mary Mills has been converted into a garage on the property Philip Monis Peter Neaverson now named Llythydy. The buildings are recorded liaison Officer consistently on subsequent 0S maps. 0n the 2nd lsabelWilson '1905 AIA Office, school of Archaeological Studies, edition 25-inch 05 map of the current University of leicester, Leicester [El 7RH smithy is shown as the northernmost t 0116 252 5337, Fax:0115 252 5005 compartment of a tenace of three, with an e-mail: [email protected] addition on the south east side and a small Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk square structure on its west boundary, presumably a privvie. The village of Pentre-bach is excluded from COVER PICTURE tithes as recorded on the 1839 Tithe Map and Vanishing species: dockside cranes at Liverpool Slacksnith's forge adjoining the north gable. fhe tie bean apportionment for the Parish of Llandilo-Fan. Docks in 1975, one of the subjects of this years can be seen occupying a central position. The dark patch on papers lronbridge Weekend (see page 4) Examination of maps and deposited as the iloor to the right of the forge may indicate the location Photo: Peter Stanier part ofAberllech Estate and lands that were part of a hoist Photo: Pat Frost

2 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)LjGY NEWS 122 fhe roadside snithy, viewed fron the north-east, beneath a corrugated roof Photo. Pat Frost The opening in the north gable to allow long lengths of ironwork to be placed in the hearth Scale l n Photo: Pat Frost

rendered patchwork may be the filled-in recess for a second bellows. The location of the hearth and the small windows comply with the fact that traditionally blacksmiths could test the heat of the fire by the colour of the glow, made easier by lack of direct sunlight Clearance of soil and ash revealed an irregular cobblestone surface which appears to extend over the entire floor area. The floor is composed oJ waterworn smooth cobbles with intermittent square and rectangular stones. In front of the hearth on the east side an irregular shaped filled in hole may indicate the location of a hoist. There was no evidence to suggest the site of the anvil or the water trough for cooling metals and tools. The south internal gable wall includes three recesses clBcm x 12cm that may have secured joists for a possible loft or storage area. The recesses are level with each other but not with the tie beam. There is no evidence to suggest how a floor was secured or how far it extended into Photo: Pat Frost The cobbled floor. Scale: I m the smithy. The location of the recesses and the aperture 0.5 x 0.12m below a timber lintel may west side of the collar beam and adjoining rafter. The forge hearth is built against the internal indicate a former staircase to the loft above. Pairs of wooden pegs affix the collar beam to the north gable wall and an opening 0.3m square at Since the building fell out of use as a smithy, rafter and secure the head of the A-frame. The the base of the wall presumably gave access to it has been used for coal and general storage. The lies on three purlins supporting rafters, which the hearth for long lengths of ironwork. The roof building was subsequently cleared out and no the east side only hearth and stepped chimney rise to c5m above remain on artefacts relating to the smithy remained. The construction, similar the floor level. The open hearth c1 .4m wide is The building is of simple photographic record and building survey have existed at Defynnog and located below an oak lintel measuring up to to local smithies that ensured that a record has been made of the Llandeilo-Fan, and appears to have fallen into 2.47mlong and 0.42 high. smithy prior to its change of use. The owners of it went out of use in the 1 950s. The The hearth appears to have used two bellows disrepair since the property intend to retain the stone chimney structure to create the air draught essential to bring the fire removal of the south side of the and hearth following necessary consolidation 'l 948 has weakened the south up to sufficient temperature for ironworking. The sometime after work and to retain the character of the smithy as corners and the stonework has fractured on both openings for blast pipes from the bellows can be far as is possible within the constraints of modern on the east side of the seen in the east and west sides of the hearth. The sides. The lower courses planning regulations. south gable show evidence of keyed-in internal east wall includes a recess 1.1 m high and stonework, the remains of the rectangular terrace 1m wide located opposite the opening in the of three recorded since 1819. The irregular chimney east wall, presumably to accommodate stonework on the corresponding west side also bellows. At a similar location on the internal west suggested some repair work. wall an amorphous-shaped area of cement

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 3 lronbridge weekend: the modification of port structures

This year's weekend broke new ground in taking These were changes at a general scale but lowered between the Shropshire canal and the a pafticular aspect of lA as the theme, unlike much more specifically Bob offered an interesting Coalbrookdale Works. The group then descended earlier weekends, lt might be a specific theme, typology of vulnerability, beginning with the slope of the inclined plane which later but the modification of port structures is itself a structures most likely to be demolished: 1. Roads replaced the tunnel and shaft system. lt was huge topic since Britain has, or had, so many and quay surfaces, 2, Cranes and hydraulic rams, certainly interesting, and probably leisurely, but ports, each evolving in a different manner. 3. Dock and associated buildings,4. Dock basins, after three hours and some distinctly steep and 5. Dry docks, which were so massively built that it slippy slopes, your correspondent was pleased to Ray Riley is now considered economic only to remove the note that a good many others were also in a state top 5ft of the walls. of collapse! The weekend dinner was held at the There is no better person than Edwin Course, who Tony Parkes talked about changes in canal New Inn at Blists Hill, and was capped by a game has spent his life researching transport, to tackle ports. Assisted by British Waterways staff, of call my bluff, concocted by David Alderton, who the overview of change; this he did in his including Jonathan Briggs who was on hand with as one would expect, produced a series of hiqhly inimitable style, offering a lengthy introduction visual aids, Tony had scoured the archives to find improbable definitions, so scored owed more to a concerning his boyhood familiarity with London old photographs to illustrate the historic game of battleships than to logic (with all due docks as his father was promoted within the dock appearance of many of the sites he described. respect to the winners of course). authority. Having referred to the impact of jet Inevitably much has gone, but owing to the low The Sunday session was kicked off by Ray travel on liners, and of container vessels on level of demand for land in rural areas, the pace Riley who considered the naval ports of Chatham, conventional ships and traditional quays and of change does not quite match that of London, Sheerness, Portsmouth, Devonport and Pembroke warehouses. Dr Course illustrated the variety of Tollhouses and managers'houses are still Dock. He argued that compared with the change by showing what has taken place in five residences, some ports have become museums commercial ports, naval ports had undergone ports: Portreath and Newquay in Cornwall, such as Ellesmere Port and Stoke Bruern. while relatively small modification because of the policy Bideford, Seaham Harbour and Southampton. All tourism justifies the maintenance of such of expanding on new ground and retaining old have undergone substantial negative change, no engineering feats as the Pontcysyllte aqueduct. structures, and because the quality of many more than Southampton where only one of the There are even plans to build a 160-boat marina buildings caused them to be listed. Furthermore, seven dry docks survives, the transit sheds, on the Trent & Mersey Canal. lt seems that the dockyards were not subject to commercial warehouses and ocean terminal have all been negative change in the canal ports at least has forces. At Chatham, use by the tourist industry demolished, and retailing has emerged in part cease0. has helped to maintain some important replacement. Meanwhile a vast container The Saturday afternoon field trip was structures. Ray then gave examples of terminal has been built, unusually, on the announced as a leisurely two-hour ramble around modification at each of the five oorts within a upstream side of the old port. canals, inclines and other industrial sites in the five-point typology: 1. Losses, including cranes, Being a planner by profession, Bob Jones vicinity of Coalbrookdale and Lightmoor. The covered building slips (Portsmouth), dock infilling emphasised how the Bristol dock area has been leader was Ken Jones, member of the Friends of (Sheerness) and storehouses. 2. Survival but no regenerated and transformed in the last decade the lronbridge Gorge Museum. Towards the end use: covered slips (Devonport), building slips by a series of large property developments. of the walk local resident Charlie Boyce kindly (Pembroke Dock), block mills (Portsmouth), and Arguing that planners and developers do not showed the group recent excavations in his boathouses (Sheerness). 3. Survival without always share the same views of value, Bob garden revealing parts of the former tunnel and change of use: Chatham ropery. 4. Survival with demonstrated how the extensive Courage shaft system by which goods were raised and change of use: The Factory (Portsmouth). 5. brewery the leadworks, the bonded warehouse and the gasworks sites have been developed. The transit sheds are now an industrial museum, several restaurants have ooened. one in the former seed warehouse, an arts centre has been established, while a tobacco warehouse has been taken over by the Record Office and the City Valuer's Department. Affordable housing is also found in Bristol's inner city, thriving after years of neglect. Given the demand for building land close to the centre of London, it is not surprising that demolition and dock infilling have occurred relatively quickly after the demise of port functions. As Dr Bob Carr pointed out, multi- storey buildings were being constructed in dockland in the 1980s. lt is difficult and costly to build tall structures in infilled docks, but this did not prevent the emergence of very high buildings at Canary Wharf on the lsle of Dogs; some of these reach a height of 800ft, the floor space thus available being justified by the completion of the Jubilee Line. Some warehousing has been converted, even if nothing of the original 5t Katherine's Dock survives; sometimes the impact of conversion is reduced by proximity to overpowering high-rise blocks. Saturday afternoon interlude: the lronbridge Weekend party outside the company stables, one ofthe few surviving pieces of evidence of the Lightmoor Furnaces Photo: John Powell

4 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEjLjGY NEWS 122 Survival and adaptive re-use by the private sector; of which there are many examples at Chatham, including the fine Present Use Store by the University of Greenwich. Introducing the northern ports, Fred Brook remarked that at various points in time some of the country's greatest ports were located in the north, especially during the era of coal exporting to the rest of the world. But much has changed: Preston docks have gone and the only ship at Newcastle is a floating nightclub. To demonstrate specific change Fred selected a number of small ports, all of which have radically contracted. Seaton Sluice, like Blyth, expanded as a result of the coal trade, and is now home to pleasure craft and a few fishing boats. Port Carlisle was a short- lived affair, opening in 1823, but killed off by the railway, leaving little evidence of its presence. Silloth was ooened in the 1850s as an alternative to Port Carlisle and. thanks to the need for flour by Carrs biscuit factory it still operates as a port. The final session was taken by Dr Adrian Jarvis, who is co-director of the Centre for Port and Maritime History at the Merseyside Maritime Museum. He began by emphasising the importance of change in dock structures Ray Riley shepherds his followers on an excursion at the restored plateway bridge over the western branch of the Shropshire Canal near Little Dawley Photo. John Powell following shifts in the balance between the size of ship, the associated quayage and warehouse space, and technology. Thus multi-storey brick themselves redundant, as some coastal container There are similarities here with London although warehouses were replaced by transit sheds, and ships are as large as 40,000 tonnes. Freight traffic the scale is smaller. as ship size rose two storey sheds serviced by at Liverpool has never been higher, but it is highly Manchester Docks were the subject of a short level-luffing cranes were introduced. But forklift concentrated in the Seaforth container terminal, member's contribution by Derek Brumhead, who trucks cannot be used in multi-storey structures, dockworkers have almost entirely gone, and the described their complete transition to a cultural, which became superfluous. The advent of the host of supporting activities that used to line the leisure and residential complex. container ship rendered warehousing of any sort landside of the docks have disappeared. Large There may have been no time for discussion, redundant, the demand being for large open areas are derelict, but the area around Albert but the experiment of a themed weekend seemed areas for container marshalling. Yet some Dock has seen the emergence of new uses: an art to have met with general approval, sufficient to container berths built in the 1980s are now gallery, museum, retailing, offices and residential. justify a further foray in this direction.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY AT IRONBRIDGE

As anyone working within the Industrial Archaeology sector will know, the curent emphasis on regeneration of urban, and for that matter rural, environments is leading to an increasing loss of the industrial heritage. At the same time, our industrial past is increasingly perceived as being important in establishing identity and invoking a sense of place. Understanding, and managing the industrial past, is thus becoming ever more relevant to archaeologists, yet the study of industrial remains often calls for additional skills and training needs that are rarely encompassed in conventional archaeology courses.

At the Ironbridge Institute, we have been specialising for the past 20 years in providing robust, vocational courses grounded in the realities of working in lndustrial Archaeology. Our aim is to provide a thorough grounding in the impact of industrialisation in modern societies, and an understanding in the numerous skills and techniques necessary for recording, appreciating and managing industrial archaeology. Using the complex archaeology of Ironbridge, Shropshire and numerous sites in the West Midlands, the MA or Postgraduate Diploma in Industrial Archaeology can be studied at lronbridge in one year as four three-week modules, or part time in any combination wished.

For further details visit our web site at www.bham.ac.uk/ironbridge or contact the Adminlstrator, Janice Fletcher, or the Academic Director, Dr Roger White on 01952 432151.

Due to a recent award from English Heritage we may be able to offer a bursary to existing practitioners of Industrial Archaeology. Contact details as above.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 5 Conservation of the Smethwick and Hull Engines

Betvveen May 2000 and September 2001 two data for an eighteenth century engine. lt cost very impoftant steam engines produced at either f1,500 for the engine and engine house with a end of Boulton & Watt's highly successful further f500 for the foundations and related civil nanufacturing partnership were conserved, engineering works, which conveyed water from relocated and animated. The Snethwick Engine is canal to pump and back to the higher level of the the world's oldest working steam engine and was canat. manufactured in | 778. The Hull Engine was one The engine worked until 1891, with of the last produced at the Boulton & Watt Soho substantial rebuilds in 1790 (when the outlet was works prior to closure. fhe project was lowered and the pump changed), 1 804 and 1 853, undertaken by Heritage Engineering and was yet retained the original design layout, timber conmissioned by 'Thinktank Trus(, fornerly beam and pumping arrangements. lt was Eirningham Museum of Science and lndustry, as relocated to Tipton for preservation in 1897 and, paft of the Millenniun Point development at probably to reduce the cost of rebuilding, the Digbeth, Eirmingham. condenser and its tank were raised by about 3 metres relative to the rest of the engine. lain Wyper The engine was steamed to commemorate the centenary of James Watt's death in 191 9, but The Smethwick Engine is a substantial house at Tipton and probably using a portable unit to beam engine built in 171819 to the design of raise steam. The engine was moved to James Watt by the Birmingham Canal Co. This Birmingham in 1959 when the canal depot was design of water supply engine relied on the cleared for redevelopment and the engine was engine house to support the main components of presented to Birmingham Museums by British the engine including an upper floor and main Waterways. The engine was re-erected at the beam bearing support with timbers spanning the Birmingham Museum of Science & Industry in The Smethwick length and breadth of the engine house. The Newhall Street where progress was very slow Engine Photo: Heritage Engineering engine started work in May 1779 and was the because of lack of funds but also grand schemes first engine to operate with what became the for rebuilding the museum on that site. The for the engine's poor operation on steam. standard three-valve system for efficient engine was slowly rebuilt with odd grants and The move to Thinktank was an opportunity to expansive operation. revenue funding and was steamed in its return the engine to its original layout, to carry Watt tested the engine in June 1 779 and the bicentenary year of 1979. A new building was out comorehensive conservation and to seek a test results are preserved in the Boulton & Watt then built over the engine and the public could means of animating the engine which would Archives in Central Library. The engine is also see it in steam on several days each month from allow it to be seen in operation every day with exceptional in that complete costs have been 1983 to 1997, lt had been rebuilt on the same minimal risk to the structure of the engine which generated by research, possibly a unique piece of arrangements as at Tipton which was one reason includes the original timber beam. The brief also AIA SALES

The following items are available from the Sales Officer: AIA REGIONAL GAZETTEERS INDUSTR|AL ARCHAEOTOGY REVIEW Canbridge & Peterborough f4.95 Cumbria t2.35 BACK ISSUES Devon f4.95 Greater Manchester f4.95 volumes I - vl Kent f4.95 North west wales: t3.95 per set (1 7 issues): f1 8.00 plus P + P f7.00 inland, P.O.A. overseas Scotland: f1.20 South Yorkshire: f4.95 per plus volume: f5.00 P + P f2.80 inland, f3.20 overseas West Midlands: f |.50 West Yorkshire: f 1 .50 per issue: f2.00 plus P + P f0.90 inland, f1.60 overseas P + P extra: One copy: 55p inland, f 1 overseas. (we regret the following issues are sold out: Vol I No. 1; vol lll No. 2) '15 Two copies: f 1 .30p inland, f2.00 overseas. Volumes Vtt _ Xttt Three copies: fl.80 inland, f2.00 overseas per volume: f8.00 incl. inland P + P, add f2.85 overseas Additional per per issue: f4.00 incl. inland p + p, add f.1.60 overseas copies: add 40p copy inland, 70p per copy overseas sixormorecopies: postage (exceptVol XNo.2(Textiles) andVol Xll No.1 (Mining): f4.50incl.) half Ten post-free Volunes XtV _ XVl, or more copies: per volume: f12.00 incl. inland P + B add f2.85 overseas lRlS per issue: f6.00 incl. inland P + P, add f1.60 overseas Hano0ooKs: solo oul (we regret the following issue is sold out: Vol. XVI No. 2) Recording forms: f4'25 per 100 volumes XtX - xX (new format) f18.00 incl. inland P + B add f2.20 overseas AtA TlEs IndextoVols l-Xll: f1.50 incl. P + f6.95 incl p + p

All prices are for surface mailing. A discount is available to booksellers on all AIA oublications. Cheques should be made payable to the Association for lndustrial Archaeology and sent with orders to: Roger Ford, AIA 5ales Officer, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WVl 5 6AF

The AIA accepts payments by the following credit cards: ACCESS VISA MASTERCARD Please write for sales slip

6 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEjLjGY NEWS 122 called for the engine to be capable of operation under steam so that it would remain the world's oldest working steam engine. The relocation, conservation, animation and associated engineering works involved: . A measured survey to determine alterations reouired tom restore the condenser tank and water pump to their correct locations and to provide a new reservoir to enable the pump to be accessed for future assessment.

. lnformation orovided to enable construction of suitably sized plinths and a new supporting structure.

. The engine was dismantled, extricated from the building around it, packed, transported and re-assembled at its new location. In all, some 50 tonnes of components were moved.

. Prior to re-assembly all components were assessed and conservation work was carried out on the 220-year-old timber beams to prevent splitting and to tighten the main beam and arch heads.

. Damaged timber was replaced, in particular The Hull Engine Photo : H eritage E ng i n eeri ng the air pump arch head which had crumbled. . A new condenser tank was fitted and Animation was achieved using a mechanism and speed can be accurately conservation work canied out on the air pump, Programmable Logic Controller and an inverter controlled. More importantly, the start up and steam cylinder and water pumps. drive. The drive was mounted below the engine stop cycles can be controlled safely, as there is a . The condenser tank was fitted in its original acting on the flywheel via a reduction gearbox lot of stored energy in the 1 5-tonne flywheel. oosition. and tyre drive. The public is not aware of the drive Both engines are on view at Thinktank. . A new cold water circulating system and hotrruell discharge arrangement was provided and interfaced with the Building Management System.

. Components were assessed and conserved in a fashion suitable for running the engine in @ steam. v . A suitable highly controllable hydraulic system Preseruing Our Heritage For Future Generations was developed for animating the engine. Our dedicoted 35 strong teom provide o The engine was commissioned in steam and on hydraulic animation while monitoring all turnkey solutions in the Heritoge including components. Mechonicol Engineering The Hull Engine was manufactured in 1883 and is Archifecturql Metolwork also a pumping engine, this time used for pumping sewage out to sea to avoid sewer Timber Engineering flooding during high tide. Ihis condensing engine Technicol Consulling is of the inverted vertical cross compound type and had a bucket pump fitted below each Conservolion Workshops cylinder. Each pump was driven from a crosshead, driven by long con rods connected to the crank. Recenl projecls :2OOl /2OO2 pressure valve was Rookes The high of the restorotion of wodd's oldest working internal cut-0ff type with hand variation of the sleom engrne admission. 1 5m timber woterwheel construction The engine ceased working in 1 957 and was subsequently dismantled and stored. This is the newcomen englne technicol osessment first time the engine has been on public display design & build of lorgest cost iron structure since being de-commissioned. The engine was erected ln the lost 80 yeors reassembled from the jigsaw of parts and without reliance on drawings. During reassembly, the 22-24 Cormyle Avenue, Glosgow, Scollond, G32 8HJ opportunity was taken to conserve many Tet +0044 t4l 763 0007 Fox +0044 l41 763 0583 components and, since it was intended to [email protected] www.heritogeengineering,com animate the engine, cylinders were lined with Incorporating Walter MacFarlane & Company Ltd PTFE to avoid wear.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHA.EOLOGY NEWS 121 7 AIA NEWS

Planning for the future: Our aims are: has 'timetable milestones' and an Adjusting to external changes is . to promote the study lA; intended outcome. This action plan an important part of the plan and The AIA Plan 2001-2004 of . to encourage improved standards now dictates much of the business we are currently taking part in a Members attending the of recording, research, conseru- at our meetings and provides a number of consultations arising Association's AGM in Seotember prepare ation and publication; framework around which to from Government initiatives. These 2000 were asked to review and budgets and develop partnerships. have included proposals to reform . to support individuals and groups comment upon the AlAs mission, Members can be assured that the planning and development involved in the study and aims and role for the new maintenance of high standards over system, possible changes to the good recording of past industrial millennium. The response was the range of current activities Landfill Tax Credit Scheme (which activig and the preservation of and the theme of the Rolt Memorial features strongly in the new plan provides essential support for many industrial monuments; - Lecture that followed the meeting - but there are also some significant industrial heritage conservation Retrospect and Prospect lA for - . to represent the interest of lA at developments in the pipeline. These projects) and a consultation paper further stimulated thoughts on ways national level; will include a revision of the AlAs on the role of historic buildings and fonrvard for the Association. . to hold conferences and seminars manifesto Working for the Future public spaces in urban regeneration. This review was the first stage and publish the results of (published in 1991) and the We were also invited to a recent in the develooment of a new three- research: development of a research strategy English Heritage partners' workshop year plan, starting in November . representatives for lA. Also, a significant extension on the develooment of an 2001. intention this to liaise with of with the that of our awards to encourage new information strategy for the historic becomes an ongoing exercise to lA organisations worldwide. work and high standards in lA environment sector. We are also shaoe the work Council and of research, publication ano keeping a close eye on endangered Officers over the years ahead. In doing this, AIA Council and conservation, not to mention sites of national imoortance The AIA Plan 2001-2004 Officers should: for holding an inaugural 'Forum' which The AIA Plan for 2001-2004 is starts with the revised mission and . provide leadership; will play an important role in the primarily intended as a working aims develooed from 2000 the c emphasise standards; development of a number of areas document for Council and Officers. consultation. This exercise also . support lA workers,' in the olan. As such it will comolement a revised identified a number of key roles or plan predict . foster co-operation between No can the future Working for the Future which will be themes to guide Council and - - 'manifesto' professionaIs; and the AIA has to come to terms our public and glossy Officers in their work. amateurs and with 'external' events that cannot for members and all with an interest . work in paftnership with other be foreseen. However, Council and in lA. We will keep members up-to- Our revised mission is: bodies. Officers feel that it is essential that date with progress at AGMs and in The AIA should be the principal we map out a clear way forward for lA News. However, if you would like promoting both forun for The difficulty, of course, is in the the AIA if it is to accomplish its a copy of the plan, please contact professional volunteer and implementation and to this end we demanding mission. The Associa- lsabel Wilson at Leicester. We will be industrial archaeology within have developed a detailed action tion has achieved a great deal since pleased to have your comments and Britain. plan with a number of specific its beginnings in 1973 but we vtew5. actions identified for each aim. Each cannot afford to rest on our laurels. Mike Bone, AIA Chairman

LETTER

Valetta Convention again - albeit re-branded by some as'historical archaeologists - regarding the generation of a archaeology'. industrial collective response to the Valetta Convention? In response to George Lambrick's letter in /,4 Consequently archaeologists should actively monitor, and News 121 , it is unfortunate that 2) The British government declined to sign the (such reporting/debating cunent archaeological issues engage with, current archaeological issues Valetta Convention tor eight years, due, politics via a quarterly bulletin results in unavoidable as Valetta), debates, and - established reportedly, to the controversial, and potentially chronological delays. For example, four months and independent. Forewarned is forearmed - divisive content of Article 3. What changes separate the dispatch of my letter (lA News119l some might say'misled'!? were made to the Convenflbn enabling the regarding the Council of Europe's European For members with internet access, useful web British to ratify on 21 September 2000? Convention on the Protection of the sites include: Furthermore, did the British government Archaeological Heritage (Revised), a.k.a. the the Council for Independent Archaeology (via consult the wider archaeological community Valetta Convention, and the publication of the the C u rre n t Arch a eo I ogy site): orior to ratification? Council for British Archaeology's (CBA) Final www.archaeology. co. uk; 3) Has the British governmenUCBA favoured Position Statement (FPS). My letter was posted thc CBA: 'sinple code of practice'interpretation of the on, or about 8 July 2001; I understand that in July www.britarch.ac.uk; Valetta Convention been presented to, and the CBA was still consulting interested parties in and the All-Party Parliamentary Archaeology formally accepted by, the Ministers of the advance of establishing their FPS in November Group (APPAG): Council of Europe? 2001. www.sal.org.uk/appag . With respect, the Valetta Convention: The Valetta Convention debate appears to Explanatory Report (provided to aid Mr Lambrick's letter (// News, 121). and the represent the most challenging and controversial interpretation of the revised Convention) implies CBAs FPS raise various intriguing questions, British archaeological issue of recent years. As the that the Council of Europe's Select Committee of answers to which may help allay fears - real or Convention must eventually impinge on lA field Experts on Archaeology and Planning favour the imagined. Thus: activities - to a greate; or lesser extent - the AIA employment of off icial (legally enforceable?) 1)Receipt of Mr Lambrick's letter confirms that membership should be encouraged to join the permits to authorise and control archaeological the CBA is aware of the AIA and, presumably, debate ! activities within signatory states. its mission. Did the CBA approach the AIA - in Paul H Vigor We are told that lA has finally been accepted its capacity as the principal national body flat 6, Elnscourt, Bratton Road, as a constituent part of mainstream archaeology representing practising British industrial Admaston, Telford, Shropshire TF5 1HA

8 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 122 NEWS lA in Poland belonged to the bishops of Krac6w from 1821. Although most of the National Railway whose summer palace still stands in machinery here was removed in the I was recently in Poland for a Heritage Awards 2001 Kielce. industry developed war. similar items have been found conference on the 'Fox Stollen', an The These awards, instituted in 1979 as underground canal built in the throughout the eighteenth century and are being installed. Amongst many factories coming under English-made the Best Restored Station '1790s which served a coal mine in with these are several Competition, were presented 11 state control 'l 789. machine from second half on (formerly Waldenburg), in tools the Walbrzych December 2001 by Sir Neil Cossons, Polish nineteenth century. Ruined Silesia. lts design was influenced by After the creation of the of the Chairman of English Heritage. From Kingdom 1815, considerable sites, such as the rolling mill at the system at Worsley which had in effort was put into enlarging Nietulisko (1824-47), survive 50 entries. seven awards were made been visited by several Prussian with further four being highly industries in the area. with elsewhere in the region. Although a engineers. The Fox Stollen is commended. The seven winners Stanisdaw Staszic preparing a plan there are no local coal mines. there cunently being restored as part of were: for a series of iron factories on the were attempts to introduce the use the Industrial and Mining Museum Kamienna River. From 1824, coke, such as the preserved Modern Railways Award - in Walbrzych. Aftennrards I visited of Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki (Minister ironworks at Starochowice dating Nottingham London Road Low Level the early eighteenth century brine Station (now a large health club). for the Treasury and Industry 1824- from the 1930s. No more local iron works at Ciechocinek, near Torun, lan Allan Publishing Award 31) took over the direction of the ore was mined after 1971. and much - and the Maritime Museum in Hardingham Station (waiting room project. Konstanty Wolicki, Philip of the industry has now closed. Gdansk. and awning of the I880s rebuilt). Girard and Wincenty Niepokojczycki However, I was shown good I also spent a couple of days Railtrack Award visited Britain in 1825-7 to look at examples of ornamental cast-iron - looking at the industrial centre of Brief Encounter Caf6 Restaurant at industrial developments here, and which is still being produced on a the part of Poland which came Langwathby station on the Settle some English workers were brought small scale. under Russian control during and Carlisle line. over to Poland so that their Mike Clarke partition. This lay along the rivers London Underground Award expertise could be used. Amongst - Kamienna, Czarna and Bobrza to Liverpool Lime Street Station roof these was Henry Nutall, who built Heritage Open Days the west of the Vistula and close to - restoratron. the first English-type ironworks in the city of Kielce. Today there is little bringing people and Railway Heritage Trust Award the area at Samson6w in 1826-9. - industry left and much of the area is Halifax 1855 station building The buildings still survive today as places together a National Park with a number of (adaptation as Eureka! Childrens an industrial monument, though in Four days of free access to discove; industrial museums and Museum). ruins. Nutall and his family all died explore and enjoy local buildings, m0numents. Westinghouse Signalling Award in 1828-9 and are buried in Tumlin, history and culture, including - The region has a long industrial Grosmont and near Kielce. Several British workers transport, industrial and military Signal Box history. The hematite quarry near installation. North York Moors also helped to set up the iron and buildings, Heritage 0pen Days is Skar2ysko-Kamienna (now home to H istorical Railway Trust. engineering workshops at Bialogon, England's biggest and most popular the Rydno archaeological site) dates Railway World Award now part of Kielce. voluntary cultural event and - back to the eleventh millenium BC, Gotherington West Halt station There are several interesting regularly attracts an audience of and it was worked until 4000 BC. reconstructron. industrial museums and monuments some 800,000 people every year. lron smelting began in the first The highly commended entries in the area, outposts of the National The event opens the doors to century AD, and every summe; at were: Belturbet Station (County Museum of Technology and almost nearly 2,000 properties and the end ofAugust, students recreate Cavan, lreland), Birmingham New all associated with water power. At activities, ranging from follies, the technioues used then at the Street Power Signal Box, the Maleniec there is a large water- castles to town walks - many of 'Dymarki Swietokrzyskie' at Nova Centurion Bar and Brasserie at oowered ironworks which was which are not normally accessible to Stupia. Newcastle Central Station and producing spades when it closed in visitors. Heritage Open Days The size of iron smelting Dundalk Station, also in lreland. The 1967, and at Starej Ku2nica there is provides a unique opportunity to furnaces increased in the Railway World Independent a nail-making forge, also water explore and enjoy these sometimes seventeenth century when ltalian Railway Year Award powered. A late nineteenth century hidden, often curious and always of the workers moved to the area, with Winner was the Dean Forest Railway iron foundry is preserved at interesting places in our cities, production of both military and with the Bluebell Railway as runner- Chiewiska, and at Sielpia there is a towns and villages - and completely agricultural ironwork developing uD. water-powered rolling mill dating free of charge. subsequently. Many of the works Heritage Open Days 2002 takes place on 13-16 Septembel and is Solovki conference co-ordinated by the Civic Trust and Readers will recall Mike Clarke's sponsored by English Heritage. We article in lA News 121 on industrial would like to invite you to come archaeology in the Russian Solovki along and visit our participating lslands. An international conference properties or if you are interested in on the preservation and develop- opening a property yourself, please ment of the Solovetsky historic and get in touch! The Event Directory architectural complex is planned to will be published online in August take place on 14-17 October in St. on our new website Petersburg. In 1992 UNESCO www heritageopendays.org. proclaimed Solovki as a site of To find out how and where to World Cultural Heritage and a obtain hardcopies of the Event number of international organis- Directory please contact Heritage ations are already successfully Open Days, The Civic Trust, 1 7 working at Solovki. The conference Carlton House Terrace. London is targeted on the further develop- SWlY 5AW or 8 020 19309294. ment of international coooeration in preserving the archipelago. Inside the Malenic rolling and spade nill Photo: Mike Clarke

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 9 NEWS

Electricity in the south which was originally published bY on the west side of Eastwood Road, Llanwern last year and Ebbw Vale's David & Charles in 1978. lt will be of Hanley, near the Caldon Canal plight was not helped by poor road west 45 hardbound format with 224 (5J888469), lingered as a ghostlY and rail links. The South Western Electricity pages. The pre-publication price for ruin during 2001, but a visit early in was formed in Historical Society orders received before 3l October is May this year revealed that the site Dales limekilns 1 994 to broaden the base of interest f14.50, including packing and had effectively been cleared. A survey of limekilns in the Yorkshire in electrical history throughout the postagg and the names of those Howeve[ the range of buildings Dales National Park located over South West peninsula. has lt placing such orders will be printed opposite, on the east side of 536 sites before being ended by last recently become affiliated to the in the list of subscribers. The price Eastwood Road, which carry the year's foot and mouth crisis. AIA. after that date will be f20.00 stone lettering 'Johnson Brothers There is a need to caoture the including p&p. 0rders should be (Hanley) Limited, Sanitary Works, old lronbridge re-enacted individual stories of the sent to Oliver Smart, 136 Westway, Erected 1 896', are still in Earlier this year a BBC documentary electricity supply undertakings Raynes Park, London 5W20 9LS. As commercial use. showed the successful erection of a before it is too late. Finding the sites cheques will not be paid in until the Henry Gunston half-scale replica of the lronbridge's of the early generating stations, book is published, please post-date main spans across the canal at Blists particularly the hydro-electric units, them to 31 October 2002. Benguela railway is of major historical significance. Hill.Ihis was to test how the bridge Angola plans to rebuild the 1,000- erected, which has The Society has over 1 00 was actually Stoke on Trent pottery mile Benguela railway after the members throughout the South been a matter of debate for years. country's lengthy and very West. lt administers an archive demolitions The chance discovery of a destructive civil war. The railway was library at Redland, Bristol, together Two large complexes of pottery contemporary painting in a mostly financed with British money, with a museum collection. Nine buildings in Stoke on Trent have Stockholm museum showed that in 1902-28, and the whole line meetings/visits are held a year been demolished in the past tvvo the spans were erected before the crossed the African continent to the spread throughout the South West years. South east of Stoke itselt the masonry abutments and that they port of Beira in Mozambique. lt with a strong social element giant Colonial Pottery, which were supported by two wooden carried copper from Zambia and involved. The Archive and Museum stretched for a considerable derricks. The exercise tested an Zaire to the coast for shipment but Room is open for viewing once a distance along the east bank of the English Heritage 3-D computer was closed in 1975. month. Trent & Mersey Canal to the south model using the manpower of the lnformation is available on the of Whieldon Road (SJ882446), was Royal Engineers. old undertakings in the South West, finally demolished early in 2001. The Ebbw Vale closes on pre-privatised SWEB and on the gable overlooking the canal, still The Ebbw Vale steel plant was Chemistry at the mills CEGB uo to 1990. We have three proudly carrying the words 'Winkle closed by Corus on 5 July, bringing The Royal Gunpowder Mills at newsletters a year (Histelec News) and Wood, Colonial Pottery1888' to an end a 200-year-old industry Waltham Abbey has been and these together with the Archive survived until the last stages of when the last tin-plate rolled off the designated a Landmark site by the Indices are posted on our web site demolition. (The site of the former line. Ebbw Vale was a steel town Royal Society of Chemistry in http://www.swehs.co. uk California Works of Kerr Stuart, the ever since an ironworks was built in acknowledgement of its major role Anyone interested in preserving railway locomotive and equipment 1789. Ihe first continuous hot strip over the centuries in the the electrical history of the South builders which closed down in 1930, mill in Britain was opened at Ebbw development of chemical sciences, West is encouraged to join to get was immediately to the east of the Vale in 1938. 12,000 were employed particularly in the development of involved in writing histories of the Colonial Pottery). in the 1960t but it was a workforce explosives. The Royal Gunpowder many undertakings in the manY Another very large complex, of only 780 who lost their jobs this Mills is open to the public from towns and villages or renovate Johnson Brothers lmperial Pottery month. Steelmaking ceased at March to October. some or the old appliances and other electrical equipment. ln a redundant switchroom at Cairns Road, Redland, Bristol, are held the archives and artefacts. The Archive consists of hundreds of old documents, books and photographs, including the earliest company minute books going back in some

cases to the 1 880s. These need to be documented to be made more available for archival research. With regard to the historical artifacts, it is the aim of the Society to renovate the existing equipment in order to open the Redland complex as a museum and educational centre.

Railway engineers' dictionary The Railway & Canal Historical Society is to publish a new extensively revised, edition of John Marshall's invaluable Biographical under denolition - the Winkte and Wood Colonial Pottery alongside the Trent & Metsey Canal at Stoke-on-Trent in Novenber 2000 Dictionary of Railway Engineers', Photo: Henry Gunston

1O INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 NEWS

A tale of two lifts synopsis of your idea, based on The famous Anderton Boat Lift, what could be the contents page. linking the River Weaver and the They are more likely to accept a DOROTHEA proposal the potential Trent & Mersey Canal in Cheshire, if market for a book has been carefully thought was closed in 1 983 but has been Landmark RESTORATIONS restored at a cost of f7m. lt was out. Please contact Publishing Hall, officially reopened on 26 March, Ltd, Ashbourne Cokayne Avenue, Ashbourne, although within a few weeks it had LTD to close to sort out the problem of Derbyshire DE6 1EJ, I 01335 because water leaking from the 341349. E-mail: [email protected]. Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex 'watertight'gates. Meanwhile, the opening of the Falkirk Wheel, the Leo Biek (1921-2002) CONTRACTORS AND COI] SULTANTS IN TH E first British lift to be built since the Better known to mainstream C O N SERUAT I O N OF H ISTORIC M ETALW O RK, Anderton Boat Lift in 'l 875. was archaeologists as an archaeological MACHINERY AND WINDIWATER MILLS delayed by vandalism, the lt is scientist, Leo Biek died on 10 world's first rotating boat lift as well January aged 80. He was born in Recent include as a piece of sculpture and is the contracts designs for an atmospheric Estonia and came to England in centrepiece of the f78m Millennium railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of 'l 937 from Germany. After the war, project 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert Link canal to connect the he worked at the Ancient Forth Clyde Union Canals Memorial bronze decoration, & and Monuments Laboratory from I950 conservation work on between Glasgow and Edinburgh. until 1982. He was particularly Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even Delegates Edinburgh to the AIA interested in how buried objects the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! conference the will have changed in the ground under opportunity to see it in action. different chemical and physical Over 100 man years experience conditions. Leo Biek ensured that Scottish deep mine the national slag collection was deposited at lronbridge for storage. closed Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Briclgc, via Stockport, Longannet Mine in Fife, the last Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson deep coal mine in Scotland, had to Joseph Gross (1910- Tel: (01663) '733544 Fax: (01663') 734521 be abandoned in March after being 2002) flooded by an influx of water. lt was Southern Works: Riverside Business Park, St Anncs Road, Joseph Gross was born in 1910 at ooened in 1957 but had suffered St. Annes Park. Bristol. BS4 4ED. Contact: Clcol'i Wallis Prague, where he obtained a from geological problems. Tel: (0 I 17) 97 15331 Fax: (0 I l'7) 911 1617 doctorate in law. He came to London in 1939 and moved to MerthyrTydfil Do you have a book for a year later, where he initially member of the Cyfarthfa Working lighthouse design, but they used a Landmark? worked in industry. In 1956 he Grouo and the Trevithick 2004 different technique. This may be o1 Landmark Publishing of Ashbourne, became a lecturer in management Celebration Working Group. interest to readers. Photographs can Derbyshire, are looking for new studies at what later became the be seen on our website at: Glamorgan Polytechnic (now www.glangors.com writers. They publish books on Concrete house by the technical history and biography University of Glamorgan), a post lan & Thalia Campbell covering all aspects of the field and from which he retired in 1994. Dr sea include company histories and local Gross had a long-standing interest We are retired and have moved to a histories. They are especially in the history of Merthyr Tydfil, of smaller home from Glangors, a ADVERTISE interested in the histories of what which he published A Brief History detached house/bungalow. From the the Victorians called the Useful Arts, in 1980. He was a founder-member outside it appears to be in the Trinity IN the how of manufacturing and of the Merthyr Tydfil Historical House style, with four double NEWS invention. Their biographies will be Society, edited the first four volumes bedrooms, large sitting room, dining IA definitive studies of the pioneers of its journal and contributed to room, kitchen, bathroom, utility who made Britain's industry great, later issues, becoming president of room, tower room with windows on IA News reaches a wide They are targeting the interested the society. He joined the Merthyr four sides. and a second toilet. readership through informed reader but the books must Tydfil Heritage Trust in 1978 and Glangors was built in 1882 of direct subscriptions, have a scholarly credibility so they later served as chairman, when the poured concrete within shutters cast ciculation to affiliated have to be fully referenced and well trust was involved in a number of as a monobloc with a solid roof of organisations and use illustrated. important projects which aimed to railway lines at 3-foot centres (as in in libraries. Landmark use the latest preserve evidence of the town's the relevant factory regulations of technology to produce and print unique ironmaking heritage, the time). lt is one of the only Advertising rates range very high quality photographs and becoming president of the trust. remaining complete examples of from as little as f30 to titles are produced in low runs, Dr Joseph Gross was one of this type of construction in North fl70 for a full page. bound and sewn as hardbacks and Wales' greatest campaigners for Wales. For many years it was almost Inserts may be mailed industrial heritage. The preservation derelict. We have restored it to its printed on good quality paper.Once with IA News at a accepted Landmark publish a title of Dowlais Stable and Ynsfach original condition and consider that charge of f25. quickly. Engine House owe much to his it should now be protected by listing lf you have a proposal for a new personal drive and commitment. His as of architectural and social For further details, book, or a book that wants interest never wavered and, up to interest. There is a connection in the contact the Editor. reprinting, please send landmark a his death in May, he was an active design to early Trinity House

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 11 Pancras, has as predicted seen a guarded by the Official Secrets Act Greater London great swath of demolition and no are now being opened to the public. In the last year London has longer can lay claim to be the best Two examples in the Greater undergone great changes and from part of London for industrial London Area are the RoYal an industrial archaeological archaeology. Whole streets have Gunpowder Factory at Waltham viewpoint things at first sight gone. The famous listed gasholders, Abbey and Woolwich Arsenal. Both industrial appear dismal indeed. PerhaPs the those which had cast-iron column were very large extensive greatest loss we are suffering is the guide frames, have been carefullY undertakings set in Thames waterfront. Almost the dismantled and are now stacked estates. Much of the RGPF site is whole riverside. both banks from horizontally close to the remaining open as a museum and increased Richmond to Gravesend, is now gasholder no.8. 0nly the frames visitor numbers are expected here given over to luxury housing have been kept, the bells themselves this summer. At Woolwich there is development. Some down-river (probably wrought iron) were cut up 'Firepower', an artillery museum, wharves had been reserved in the for scrap. The interesting and but a good deal of the estate bY the hope that commercial shiPPing innovative gasholders with steel river will be re-developed for the activity might be resuscitated in the lattice guide frames dating from ubiquitous housing. The steam future but this now seems a forlorn cl886 have all been scraPPed. This hammers there were removed long hope and the small number of is a good example of things being ago but the bases which supported A Tangye cordite press of 1939, Royal Walthan AbbeY. protected sites are almost certain to retained for aesthetic rather than anvils survived in situ until recently Gunpowder Factory, Photo: R. J. M. Carr go the same way as the rest of the technological reasons. Many of the owing to the difficulty of removing riverbank ouite soon. unlisted gasholders were onlY them. This is real industrial For some time now the GLIAS One wonders how peoPle in the slightly later than those which have archaeology. edited bY near future will view London. been kept. The revitalised GLIAS recording Newsletter has been ably Mason. The appearance of Already the late nineteenth century 0n the lsle of Dogs the dock group has been active at Lowne Robert as Instruments Ltd, Boone Street, Lee. issue 200 was celebrated with a is very remote in time and 1let most basins are beginning to disappear bumper '15-page issue and a colour of us, when we were children, knew high rise office blocks spring up. A This was an amazing time-caPsule rate computer actual living people who were alive film of water a mere 10 metres deeP of a small industrial firm who were supplement. A first developed for then. How will the images of the is no impediment now the scale of essentially scientific instrument data base is being Grabham and should Thames made by artists about a development has increased and the makers. The premises had been a GLIAS by Chris - for century ago be interpreted? ManY 'lily-pad' phase of construction is closely guarded secret. Lowne's be available on CD shortlv images are already almost coming to an end. A new museum is were well known latterly for their details, e-mail: meaningless in a representational shortly to open on the North QuaY air-flow meters, used in coal mines database@gl ias.org.uk. Denis sense. What was being painted was of William Jessop's lmport Dock in and by British Rail for research and The indefatigable Dr often industrial pollution; one of the Grade I listed development. Smith has published another book, Southwark was like the Black warehouses. This is a development And. as if Lowne's were not the latest one is essentially about archaeologY Country of the West Midlands, and from what was to have been the enough, would you believe it in the London's industrial Civil already children might ask - 'please, Museum of Docklands and now is to early wventy-first century members even though the title is and what was industry?' The last 200 be a Museum of the Thames, highly of Crossness Engines Trust were Engineering Heritage: London published by years have seen enormous changes relevant as Thameside has changed actually removing a steam engine the Thames Valley.lt is and even London of 50 years ago, so radically. lt will not be an for preservation from recentlY Thomas Telford Ltd. The appearance significant smoky and war shattered, was so industrial archaeological museum. working industrial premises at of this book is very book on different from what we have now it For the twenty-first centurY this Crayford. This is something we indeed. lt is the first for is hard to believe most of us were would be too short-termist. The usually associate with the 1970s. London's industrial archaeology is highlY once alive then. opening date for the Museum will South East London can certainly still a quarter of a century and The area north of the two great probably be September 2002. produce industrial archaeological recommended. not railway termini, King's Cross and St Military establishments formerly surorises. ln this short article it is

Denolition of buildings on the east side of Pancras Road, looking nonh east. Whole streets base (dug up) at Woolwich Arsenal' May 2002 have gone. Stanley Buildings in the background renain. February 2002 Real industrial archaeology! Stean hamner R. J. M. Carr Photo: R. l. M. Carr Photo:

12 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 REGIONAL NEWS possible to do justice to the many Courage's real ale brewery and the turing woollen and worsted cloth changes which continually take former Bristol Tramways generating utilising all the necessary processes place throughout Greater London. station, Only the latter is listed but from unprepared wool through to Readers with access to the internet the rest is in a conservation area the finished cloth. The legacy is a will find more information at and thus has a level of protection. complex of Grade ll* and ll listed www.glias.org.uk - click on News. The most significant finding to buildings including an impressive Robeft Carr emerge from the developer's studies five-storey spinning mill constructed was the extent of the fabric of the in two phases during the 1860s. former Finzel's sugar refinery - Weaving sheds, an early loom shop West of England described in 1861 as 'the most and two engine houses have been The imminent demise of the former important works of the kind in demolished but sub-surface features Bristol United Breweries maltings in England, or, perhaps one may safely such as steam power shafting are to Gasferry Road, Bristol (noted in our say, in the whole world'. BIAS be recorded by archaeological last report) has been halted by a appreciates the urgency for the investigation under PPG 16 and public enquiry at which BIAS gave comprehensive development of the local planning policies. Currently the evidence. The application was, site but stresses the need to keep as standing structures are the subject surprisingly, called in by the much of the historic fabric as of a conservation plan being drawn Secretary of State after concerns oossible. Finzel & Co.'s sugar refinery as seen from up by consultants to the developers. expressed by the nearby SS Great Other important lA sites in the Rristol Ridge in 1861. The tall round- Many Somerset mills adapted to Britain Project. The result of the old county of Avon that are subject headed windows survive in the 1930s other forms of textile production, brewery buildings hearing has yet to be published. to development proposals include well illustrated by Staplegrove Mills Further west on the Floating the historic horsedrawn tramsheds, to the west of Taunton which will surviving features prior to Harbour, proposals for workshops and stables in Lower fall victim to a substantial road sympathetic development. comprehensive development of the Park Row Bristol, the Royal Pier viaduct to be built across the site. An The pace of development in the remaining two-thirds of the old Hotel in Clevedon and De Montalt initial probing by the County Bristol region continues to pose Bristol Brewery site have now been Mill on the outskirts of Bath. BIAS Council's Heritage Group has challenges industrial registered. BIAS has followed and AIA have supported the listing for revealed the existence of cast-iron archaeologists, but involvement in developments closely and was of the Bristol tram depot to provide columns by a little known Somerset the development process and use of pleased to see that the application orotection for this rare survival and founder. These are likely to relate to the current statutory framework was accompanied by an continue to campaign against the construction during the mill's flax provides a number of opporlunities archaeological desktop study, an proposal to demolish much of the industry period which was preceded to record and conserve significant architectural evaluation and a listed Royal Pier Hotel - this is by silk throwing and manufacturing survivals from the dwindling stock conservation assessment. The bad adjacent to Clevedon's historic (and (1802 - c1860) and fulling from of industrial monuments is a news, howevel is that the plans Grade 1 listed) pier. De Montalt was - it medieval times. case study that illustrates the need ignore much of the advice in these built as a water-driven paper mill in South Somerset has a for AIA to keep a close watch on studies and too little retention of 1804-5 to produce high-quality particularly rich heritage of mills current reform of the planning historic fabric is proposed. This paperboard for watercolourists - it and 5lA5 has joined a working party system. complex site has been developed, was reputedly driven by the biggest set up by the local district authority 5urviving buildings of the textile and redeveloped, over the years but wheel in England at the time (56 ft to record and assess these, building industries have been the subject of includes remains of a oale ale diameter) and was later to install a on the work of the RCHME's South- special interest for members of the brewery of the early nineteenth Boulton & Watt steam engine. The West Textile Mills Project (1996-9). Somerset Industrial Archaeological century (next to Georges' porter mill was built to the highest The Society will play a supervisory Society (5lAS). This is largely as a brewery on the other part of the site standards. with a detached role to an exciting exercise which result of 'brownfield' oolicies which mentioned in lA News 117 (Summer ornamental stack, and is remarkably could possibly attract the services of have rendered them vulnerable to 2001), some 1930s brewery intact for its age. The developer has an lronbridge Institute post- demolition or drastic alteration. buildings, the whole of the 1980s provided access for BIAS to record graduate. The diverse range of Contrary general to the industries under consideration perception that Somerset's woollen include flax at Crewkerne, lace at industry became extinct the in Chard and silk at Bruton. Two sites eighteenth century due the to have national and possibly even economic dominance of the North international significance. In Castle of England, the organisation of Cary John Boyd Textiles' future is production within the county did in now secure within its adooted fact enter the factory era. SIAS is historic home at Higher Flax Mills. responding to planning applications, The company is the only weaver of mainly for housing development, at horsehair cloth using power looms Adderuvell and Vallis Road in Frome in Europe. Also Dawe's Rope Works and at the former Elworthy Brothers' in West Coker near Yeovil, which oremises at Westford Mills and closed in 1968 but retains its Prowses Mill near Wellington. original nineteenth-century rope By far the most intractable and twine making equipment, is problem concerns Tone Mills and being projected as a working Tonedale Mills in Wellington which business with visitor facilities. have featured previously in lA News Mike Bone & Brian Murless 98 (Autumn 1996). lt was here that Fox Brothers & Co. Ltd. operated a The vacuum pan room in Finzel's Bristol sugar refinery. Clarified liquor was evaporated here 'twin vertical approach' manufac- and each pan held I 500 gallons of syrup

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 13 Local Society and other periodicals received Biographical dictionary of civil engineers in Great Britain and lreland | 500-1830, ed. by Alec Skempton, M. M. Chrimes, R. C' Cox, P' S' M. Cross- Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review. Rudkin. R. W. Rennison and Ted Ruddock, Thomas Telford, 2002.944 pp, illus, tSBN 0 7277 2939 X. f95.00. RW Monthly, May & June 2002 Intended as a valuable biographical reference work on the lives, works Brewery History Society Newsletter,23, Spring 2002 and careers of individuals engaged in the practice of civil engineering, this Conservation Bulletin, 42, March 2002 volume looks specifically at those whose careers began before 1830. Focus on lndustrial Archaeology (Hampshire Industrial Archaeology Specialist authors describe the background of Society), 57, December 2001 engineers over 350 years. For the first time nd GLIAS Newsletter, 199 & 200, April & June 2002 architects involved in restoration work, will of lmages of England,7, Spring 2002 information on the engineers who designed public works over the period. The Mundling Stick,8ll Spring 2002 PHEW Newsletter,93, March 2002 The Chelmer & Blackwater Navigation, by John Marriage, Tempus Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Bulletin,22, April 2002 Publishing, 2002. 128 pp, 1 90 illus. lSBN 0 7524 2392 4' f12'00' Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Review,41, Spring 2002 After a few earlier failures, an Act of Parliament in 1793 turned the River Somerset lndustrial Archaeological Society Bulletin,89, April 2002 Chelmer into a navigable watenruay from Maldon to Chelmsford, Essex's Suffolk lndustrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 77, May 2002 county town. There were 12 locks from sea level at Heybridge Basin to flCClH Bulletin, 16, 2002 Chelmsford and after nearly 200 years of commercial traffic the canal was Wind and Water Mills,21,2002 opened for pleasure craft. The uncrowded wateruay has been called one of Essex's forgotten treasures. After a brief history the book illustrates all Books Received aspects of the navigation, with mills, timber yards and a gas works along the The following books have been received for review in lndustrial Archaeology way. Review. The Duke's Cut: The Bridgewater Canal, by Cyril J. Wood, Tempus The Archaeology of Mills & Publishing,2002.128 pp,175 illus.ISBN 0 7524 23711. fl2.00. Milling, by Martin Watts, Tempus The Bridgewater canal is distinguished as England's first canal and it Publishing, 2002. 160 pp, 96 illus. was one of the major routes of the North West that helped Manchester to (27 coloud. ISBN 0 7524 2392 4. develop as a centre of trade and industry in the nineteenth century' Since f 16.99. completion in 1765, it has been regularly used by commercial and passenger This account of mills and traffic. The author gives a history of the canal and illustrates its course with milling, from prehistory through photographs interspersed with clear maps to which the pictures can be Roman, Anglo-Saxon and later related. Of special interest to industrial archaeologists are the Castlefields medieval times, to the post- area and the remarkable Barton Swing Aqueduct, an engineering medieval and modern centuries, is masterpiece over the Inivell section of the Manchester Ship Canal. James not just another book about Brindley's original aqueduct was a wonder of its age and earned the windmills and watermills. By nickname 'Castle in the Ai/. interpreting the archaeological period, evidence and, for the later Hellifield & its Railways, by Andrew Wilson, Tempus Publishing, 2001 . 1 28 the documentary sources and pp, 229 illus. lSBN 0 7524 2357 6. f10.99. above-ground remains, the author Hellifield, between Skipton and Settle in Yorkshire found itself on the pieces together a history of British railway route from London to Carlisle and the railway dominated the place molinology. Throughout, he empha- for around a century. There was much expansion here at the junction of the grain, sises the development and use of artefacts and machines for grinding Midland Railway's Carlisle line and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. Both their place in the historical landscape and in the production of an essential companies built houses for their workers Steam gave way to diesel from the should be ignored, although sections on medieval food. None of this book 1 950s and the servicing facilities soon disappeared. After closure, the engine windmills. industrial mills and horse mills and post-medieval mills are of shed was demolished in 1972. Finally, the station was reduced to an pafticular interest to industrial archaeologists. The text is illustrated with unmanned halt. This collection of photographs records aspects of that well-chosen photographs and archaeological plans. period.

lndustrial Tourism, just a stone's throw from Barcelona: finding out how things work. Agdncia de Promoci-Turistica,200l .19 pp., illus. This useful booklet contains details and location map of 49 sites in the Anne Jones Booksearch Service province of Barcelona. Industrial Catalonia possesses many remains of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including factories, museums, 'Bryher' Barncoose Terrace mines, model factory villages, warehouses, kilns, mills, canals and wine Redruth, Cornwall TR15 3EP cellars. The agency office is at Mallorca 244, 08008 Barcelona, Tel 0034 934 Telephone 01209 211180 022 900, e-mail www.turismeindustrial.org A selection of secondhand and out of prlnt books for sale Archeologie, by Peter Scholliers, Industrial Archaeology:- Canals, Railways, Bridges, early IA@WWW in .BE en .NL - | lndustriEle Vlaam Centrum voorVolkscultuur,2002.48 pp, illus. ISBN 90 77094 Engineers, Steam and Engineering interest Brussel, 02. Please phone or write for list 03 This book, in Dutch, has been produced by the Vlaams Centrum voor Free book search also available Volkscultuur, Gallaitstraat 7612, 8-1030 Brussel, Belgium, tel 02 243 17 30, Details on request e-mail [email protected]. lt provides a comprehensive review of web sites that are available to the student of industrial archaeology. The sites described and in some cases illustrated are in a variety of European languages.

14 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 PUBTICATIONS

Short Notices THE BOOK HOUSE Boating Life and Work: Poland's River Odra in the 1950s, by The leading industrial archaeology booksellers since I 963 Mieczyslaw Wrablewski, Milepost Research, 2001 .24 pp, 35 illus. |SBN 0 - books on all aspects of technology & transport 951 92 361 7. t2.00, available from Milepost Research, 4l Fountain Street, Accrington, B85 0QR. LIsrs tssugo - Fnge sEARCH sERVtcE A collection of striking photographs of the working boats, their crews OJficial stotkists for Nev'(onen Sotiety Transattions just and families on the Odra nearly half a century ago. They are a few from The Book House, Ravenstonedale, the photographer's very large collection. The booklet has an introduction by Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria CAlT 4NQ Mike Clarke giving an overview of the history of Poland's watenruays with Tel: 0l-5396-23634 Fax: 015396-23434 recent photographs. A map shows the canal system in Poland. e-na i I : ma i l@ the hookhouse.co.u k Open daily except Sunday & Tuesday: 9am-5pm Stott Park Bobbin Mill, by Peter White, English Heritage,2002.28 pp, 33 or visit our bookstall at many IA conferences illus. ISBN 1 85074 796 2. f2.25. This new colour guide book explains how bobbins were made and traces the history of the mill and its workforce. Stott Park is one of the few remaining examples of a type of mill once common in Lakeland. Built in 1835, it worked until 1971, one of the last bobbin mills to close. The TBC PRINT SERYICES LIMITED buildings and machinery are little changed from a century ago and visitors to this English Heritage site are given demonstrations of the lathes in MORE THAN JUST ANOTHER PRINTER! 0perail0n. We provide a complete in-house service f0r all kinds of print work, The Field Archaeology of Exmoor, by Hazel Riley & Robert Wilson-North, including large format posters, transparencies for overhead projection English Heritage,2001.192 pp, many photographs and drawings in black presentations, perfect binding for dissertations etc, and white and colour.ISBN 1 873592 58 2. fl2.95. saddle stitch binding for pamphlets etc, single and f ull col0ur printing A wealth of fascinating and diverse archaeology lies concealed in from 5 to 50,000 copies, business stationery (including Exmoor's valleys, woods and moorlands. Six years of original survey work NCR forms) - the list is pretty much endless presents evidence prehistoric stone settings and the from burial mounds to 3c Sunrise Business Park, Blandlord Forum, Dorset DT11 8ST medieval castles, lost settlements and nineteenth-century industrial remains. Telephone 01258 453178/488990 Facsimile 01258 488992 For once, the full archaeology is given in this well illustrated book, right up Email: [email protected] to the twentieth century.

lt'sallgone!Viewlookingnofheastfron5tPancrasStationColumnsfromthedisnantledlistedgasholdersarestackedhorizonta||ybythesinglesurvivinggasho|de (see page 12) Photo: R. J. M. Carr

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 122 15 6-12 SEPTEMBER 2OO2 2O-22 SEPTEMBER 2OO2 12 ocToBER 2002 AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE ANGLESEY TECHNICAL A LIQUID - WATER AND ITS IN EDINBURGH HISTORY WEEKEND APPLICAT!ONS at Heriot Watt University, Riccarton at Beaumaris, organised by the at Dorchester; a study day organised Campus, Edinburgh. Begins with the North West branch of the by D.l.A.S. and Dorset CountY Friday seminar,'lndustrial Heritage Newcomen Society, with visits Council. with speakers on toPics and National ldentity', followed by including Telford's Menai including brewing, cliff railways. the main conference and then four suspension bridge, Amlwch port, watermills and millwrights, textile days of lectures and field visits. Parys Mountain copper mines, mills, and engineering aspects of Hosted by Scottish Industrial Holyhead breakwater and maritime land drainage and flood control. For Heritage Society and Scottish museum. For details contact Bernard details send SAE to Claire Pinder, Industrial Archaeology Panel. Champness I 0161 9807612or Senior Archaeologist (Promotion & Contact Liaison 0fficer, lsabel E-mail: Bernard.jill.champness@ Liaison), DIAS Oct 2002, Hall, Wilson, AIA Office, School of tinyworld.co.uk . Environmental Services, County Archaeological Studies, University of Colliton Park, Dorchester DTI 1XJ. 1 ocroBER 2002 Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH I 01 16 27TH sIHG INDUSTRIAL 19 oCTOBER 2002 252 5337 , Fax: 01 1 6 252 5005, ARCHAEOLOGY LECTURE EMIAC 54: SPLASHING, e-mail: [email protected] SERIES SPARKING & SQUIRES SurreY, Hastings, NorthamPton- 13-16 SEPTEMBER 2OO2 at the University of at Yardley HERITAGE OPEN DAYS Guildford, the 27th series of Surrey shire, the 64th East Midland lA free access to discover, explore and Industrial History Group fortnightly Conference with lectures on the ironworks in Poland (see enjoy local buildings, history and Industrial Archaeology lectures technology of the country house and The Starochawice page 9) Photo: Mike Clarke culture, including transport, begins with James Watt. Future a visit to the grounds of Castle industrial and military buildings lectures include sanitary potteries, Ashby. Organised by Northampton- throughout England. Details from Lea valley industries, cocoa, shire lA Group. SAE for details from The Civic Trust, 17 Carlton House Shuttleworth Collection, hops, water Susan Ranson, Gordons Lodge, Terrace, London SWIY 5AW, meadows. submarines and aircraft Ashton, Northampton NN7 2JP. AIA archaeology. Details from David I 020 7930 9294, website 2O-24 JANUARY 2OO3 Evans, 48 Guildford Park Road, www. heritageopendays.org. FIRST INTERNATIONAL GU2 5NF. Guildford, Suney CONGRESS ON CONSTRUCTION HISTORY INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS at Madrid, aiming to promote (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) 1 455 construction history as a legitimate tssN 354-1

field of study and to determine its Editor: Dr Peter Stanier role in the future. Published by the Association for lndustrial 5 APRIL 2OO3 Archaeology. Contributions should be SERIAC sent to the Editon Dr Petet Stanier, 49 the South East Region Industrial Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset SP7 8LF. Archaeology Conference, at News and press releases nay be sent to University of Greenwich, Royal the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional The naY be Naval College, Greenwich. Advance Correspondents Editor telephoned on 01747 854707 or e-nail: notice only. a i a n ews @ sta n i er4 9. freese rue. co u k. 10 MAY 2003 Final copy dates are as follows: SWSWRIAC the South West and South Wales 30 March for May mailing Region Industrial Archaeology 30 June for August mailing Conference. at The Town Hall, 30 September for November mailing Devizes. Wiltshire. Advance notice 30 December for February mailing only. The AIA was established in 1 973 to pronote the study of lndustrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conseruation and publication. lt aims to assist and support regional and lnformation for the diary should specialist survey groups and bodies involved be sent directly to the Editor as in the preseruation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of lndustrial soon as is available. Dates af it Archaeology at national level, to hold nailing and last dates for receipt conferences and seninars and to publish the of copy are given below. ltens will results of research The AIA publishes an annual Review and quafterly News bulletin. normally appear in successive Further details nay be obtained fron the issues up to the date af the event. Liaison 1fficer, AIA Office, School ol of Please ensure details are sent in if Archaeological Studies, University Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH. you wish your event to be advised. 8 0l | 6 252 5337 Fax: 0l | 6 252 5005. A full diary can also be viewed at The views exoressed in this bulletin are n a l - a a eo I ogy. o rg. uk www. i d u stri rch not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.

16 @ Association for Industrial Archaeology. August 2002 Registered in England underthe Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Ad 1960 (No.277511) Registered office: The Wharfage, lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7AW