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U. S. Geological Survey Minnesota George Otis Smith

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U. S. Geological Survey Minnesota George Otis Smith U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINNESOTA GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR 1LLU! MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL DISTRICT PLATE II.-MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND GORGE AT MINNEAPOLIS. View from campus of the State University looking upstream toward St. Anthony Falls, concealed by the bridges. The lower dam and power house are seen under the bridges. The river above the falls is seen over the power house. PLATE I.- MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND GORGE AT MINNEHAHA. View looking upstream from mouth of Minnehaha Creek. St. Peter sandstone capped by Platteville limestone in bluff at left. PLATE III.-EAST WALL OF THE MISSISSIPPI GORGE ABOVE WASHINGTON AVENUE PLATE IV.-EAST WALL OF THE MISSISSIPPI GORGE BELOW WASHINGTON AVENUE PLATE V.-ST. PETER SANDSTONE IN CLIFF OPPOSITE MINNEHAHA. BRIDGE, EAST MINNEAPOLIS. BRIDGE, EAST MINNEAPOLIS. The friability of the sandstone is shown by the loose sand at base of the cliff and its purity by its whiteness. St. Peter sandstone overlain by Platteville limestone, which is capped by glacial drift. St. Peter sandstone overlain by Platteville limestone which is capped by glacial drift. The escarp­ ment and bench at the right are remnants of an old falls scarp of St. Anthony Falls. PLATE VI.-SHAKOPEE DOLOMITE IN CLIFF ON EAST SIDE OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLATE VII.-CRYPTOZOON MINNESOTENSE, A CALCAREOUS MASS SECRETED BY ALG/E IN PLATE VIII.-MINNEHAHA FALLS. BELOW NEWPORT. SHAKOPEE DOLOMITE. The stream falls 63 feet over Platteville limestone capping St Peter sandstone. Shows the irregular bedding and the cavernous weathered outcrop of the formation. South of Inver Grove. Diameter of mass about 6 feet. PLATE IX.-PLATTEVILLE LIMESTONE OVERLYING ST. PETER SANDSTONE, IN CLIFF OF PLATE X.-UPPER PART OF ST. PETER SANDSTONE AND BASAL BEDS OF PLATTEVILLE PLATE XI.-DECORAH SHALE AND OVERLYING SHALY LIMESTONE OF THE GALENA MISSISSIPPI GORGE AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY. LIMESTONE IN RAILROAD CUT IN ANOKA COUNTY NEAR NORTHTOWN, NORTHEAST IN QUARRY OF THE TWIN CITY BRICK CO. NEAR PICKEREL LAKE, ST. PAUL. The character of the lower limestones of the Platteville and the shale band at the contact with the MINNEAPOLIS. The shaly Galena limestone in the upper part of the cliff is overlain by Kansan drift. St. Peter sandstone are well shown. The dark shale makes the contact very sharp. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINNESOTA GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR II MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL DISTRICT PLATE XII.-FUCOID BED NEAR TOP OF DECORAH SHALE, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PLATE XIII.-BEDS OF DECORAH SHALE DISLOCATED BY THE ADVANCE OF THE ICE PLATE XIV.-SURFACE OF PLATTEVILLE LIMESTONE SMOOTHED AND GROOVED BY THE FORMATION IN THE AREA. SHEET FROM THE LEFT. KANSAN ICE SHEET. The fucoid stems are weathered in relief on the bedding surface. In cut on boulevard at foot of State Street, Minneapolis. Layers of Decorah shale have been dislo­ Quarry south of the State University, Minneapolis. The limestone is overlain by hard Kansan till. cated so that at the left they rest on undisturbed Platteville limestone, but at the right they lie on undisturbed Decorah shale. They are overlain by glacial till. PLATE XV.-RED OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL OVERLAIN BY WISCONSIN GRAY TILL, PLATE XVI.-NEAR VIEW SHOWING DETAILS OF RED OUTWASH SAND AND GRAVEL PLATE XVII.-INTERGLACIAL LAMINATED CLAY TILTED BY THE THRUST OF THE ADVANC­ STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS MINNEAPOLIS. SHOWN IN PLATE XV. ING WISCONSIN ICE SHEET. Overlain by river gravel. Clay pit at Northtown. PLATE XVIII.-THIN SHEET OF WISCONSIN GRAY TILL OVERLYING A THIN SHEET OF PLATE'XIX.-SOIL BANDS IN PLEISTOCENE DUNE SANDS ON STE. MARY'S AVENUE, PLATE XX.-BLOCKS OF PLATTEVILLE LIMESTONE ON ERODED SURFACE OF ST. PETER WISCONSIN RED TILL WHICH RESTS ON RED GLACIAL SAND. PROSPECT PARK MINNEAPOLIS. SANDSTONE LEFT IN THIS POSITION AT FOOT.1OF RECEDING FALLS OF RIVER WARREN. In sand pit on Snelling Avenue southwest of St. Paul. In the gray till there are white limestone pebbles Exposed in railroad cut west of High Bridge, St. Paul. and below it lies the red till, which is free from limestone pebbles and is streaked with lime leached from the gray till above. .-. "' PLATE XXI.-GENERAL VIEW OF ST. ANTHONY FALLS IN 1857, SEEN FROM THE WEST BANK. PLATE XXII.-ST. ANTHONY FALLS VIEWED FROM HENNEPIN ISLAND IN 1851. Shows Spirit Island, Cataract Island, and Hennepin Island, from left to right, below the falls. The middle part of the falls has receded 700 to The method of recession of the falls is shown by the angular blocks of Platteville limestone (formed by joint cracks) that have fallen from the 800 feet since this painting was made. From painting by Fred. Richardt. After N. H. Winchell, Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, crest. From daguerreotype by Alex. Hesler, Chicago. After N. H. Winchell, Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, vol. 2, 1888. vol. 2, 1888. ,.
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