General Assembly Resolution Acre

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General Assembly Resolution Acre United Nations FOURTH COMMITTEE, 1366th GENERAL MEETING Tuesday, 30 October 1962, ASSEMBLY at 3.10 p.m. SEVENTEENTH SESSION Official Records • NEW YORK CONTENTS ber of African employers was growing rapidly. The Page objective in Southern Rhodesia was the complete re­ Agenda item 56: moval of all racial distinctions and he thought that his Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the country had gone further in that direction than some Special Committee established under Gen­ of the older countries. His party's election programme eral Assembly resolution 1654 (XVI) (con­ included the proposal that racial discrimination in tinued) public places should be made a criminal offence. General debate (continued). • . 237 4. In agriculture, great progress had been made. As Consideration of draft resolution A/C.4/ a result of soil experiments, the white farmers had L. 750 (continued). 244 now achieved the highest output of corn per acre of any part of the world, including the United States. Chairman: Mr. Guillermo FLORES AVENDANO They had also built up a tobacco industry which made (Guatemala). Southern Rhodesia the second largest exporter of Virginia tobacco in the world and provided valuable revenue for the essential services provided by the AGENDA ITEM 56 Government. In African agriculture, too, the results of experiments had been applied and there had been Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the Special Com· a most encouraging improvement in production per mittee established under General Assembly resolution acre. Irrigation had also been developed and there 1654 (XVI) (A/5238, chap. II; A/C.4/560, A/C.4/561, were a number of irrigation schemes specifically de­ A!C.4/564, A/C.4/565, A!C.4/568, A/C.4/569; AI signed to assist African farmers. The number of people who were rising above the general level of C.4/L.750) (continued) subsistence farming and becoming reasonably wealthy was rapidly increasing. The production of crops of all GENERAL DEBATE (continued) kinds was being developed. Already Southern Rhodesia 1. Sir Edgar WHITEHEAD (United Kingdom) said that had been able to make its part of the world self-sup­ he had come to the United Nations, as the Prime Min­ porting in sugar production. Thus great progress was ister of Southern Rhodesia, to explain something of the being made in the task of feeding the country's people, background in his country and of the plans and accom­ and infant and child mortality rates were now among plishments of his Government. the lowest in Africa. At the present rate of develop­ ment Southern Rhodesia would soon be able to make a 2. When the first white people had come to Southern real contribution towards relieving food deficiency Rhodesia in 1890, the population of the country had throughout the world. been about half a million; it had since multiplied to nearly 4 million, of whom 3,600,000 were Africans. 5. The type of pine which grew in America had been That figure would certainly double itself within twenty introduced in Southern Rhodesia with great success, years. That was one of the major factors to be taken and the country was now self-supporting in newsprint. into account when considering the economic and polit­ There had also been development over a tremendous ical future of the country; the need for industry and range of minerals. Southern Rhodesia already had economic development was paramount. steel works which were producing a vast variety of 3. The first form of government after the white man products for the local market and it was now economi­ had come to Southern Rhodesia had been a company cally possible to export pig iron to Europe with a government, a system which was now completely out profit after paying all the transport costs. of date. The first Constitution giving Southern Rhodesia some form of self-government had been introduced in 6. Thus more and more employment opportunities 1922 after a referendum in which the electorate, then were being provided for the people. Modern labour entirely white, had chosen self-government and had movements were naturally coming into existence, with rejected union with South Africa. During the ensuing the full encouragement of the Government, and anum­ forty years there had been many changes both in ideas ber of new labour laws, in conformity with the prin­ and in material conditions. Industry had developed ciples laid down by the International Labour Organisa­ enormously and the country had still been viable even tion, had been passed. There was a law under which no at the end of the Second World War. After the war trade union could be recognized unless its membership there had been a great burst of industrial activity and was open to people of all races. The old system of a considerable foreign investment in Southern Rhodesia. rigid minimum wage had been replaced by a minimum A certain standard of wealth had been achieved. There wage for each industry, fixed by boards in which the were now over 600,000 workers in employment and it workers had full representation. In most cases the was no longer true that all those workers had white wages paid were among the highest in Africa. The employers: at the last census there had been 56,000 principle of the rate for the job had been established; workers employed by African employers and the num- that meant that when Africans took over posts previ- 237 A/C.4/SR.1366 238 General Assembly - Seventeenth Session - Fourth Committee ously filled by Whites they received the wage that the had increased enormously and the number of children white man had been paid. in school had risen from 400,000 to 593,000, 9. Against that background, the political problems in 7. One problem which had been mentioned during the his country could be readily understood. In Southern Committee's discussions was the land problem. With Rhodesia there was a white community of about the population increase it was {\O longer easy for a 225,000 persons who had made a permanent home young man to obtain land when he married. In the early there. There were not, as in many other parts of days a certain amount of land had been set aside by Africa, expatriates living and serving in the country law for the use of the Africans only and the remainder had been divided into land for African purchase and and then retiring to their homes elsewhere. Some of land for European purchase. That had been done be­ his friends were the fifth generation born in Africa, cause at that time the economic position ofthe Whites None of the Whites had ties or loyalties outside the had been such that without such provisions they would boundaries of the country. They had fulfilled an in­ valuable service to the country and would continue have been able to buy up all the land in the country. to do so. The Africans, for their part, had only re­ The amount of land reserved for the use of the Africans had since been added to; at the present time about cently begun to take a keen interest in politics; as recently as 1953, when the plan for the Federation of four-ninths of Southern Rhodesia's land was so re­ Rhodesia and Nyasaland had been discussed, little served, about one-ninth was national land and the re­ interest had been found among the Africans. A sudden mainder was divided between land that might be bought and violent political change-over would be impossible, by people of any race and land that was available for particularly in a country where already 600,000 people purchase exclusively by white people or exclusively were dependent for their employment and livelihood by Africans. It was the Government's intention to do on the industries which had been built up. away with the latter distinction within the next year. The time had come when all available land in the 10. He was aware that there was a considerable country must be brought into productive use and, amount of suspicion among the Africans-particularly while the reserved tribal land would remain, all other among those who participated actively in politics-that land would become open to purchase by persons of the white minority intended to cling to power for ever. any race. Such purchase was being assisted by the That was quite untrue. He had told the predominantly subdivision of land into manageable holdings. Although white electorate that the Africans would undoubtedly some Africans preferred to continue with the tribal have a majority within fifteen years. That might seem system, an increasing number were anxious to pur­ a long time to the Committee, but the intention was chase land. About 7,000 had now purchased land and that from now on both Whites and Blacks should take he had recently given a pledge to the African National part at every stage of planning and development and Farmers' Union that another 3,000 farms of two to 500 that gradually the African majority would predominate, acres would be available during the next eighteen while the white minority would continue to perform months. Capital was being provided to help such pur­ their indispensable role. He was absolutely satisfied chase and everything was being done to stimulate the that that course was the wisest one in the condi­ growth of co-operatives. He would add that while there tions of Southern Rhodesia and it was gaining wide were still two farming organizations, one white and acceptance. one black, those organizations were co-operating and 11.
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