GRADE 4 HISTORY TASK 14 Topic: Water/ sea transport Part 1: Introduction In this lesson we will explore the history of water/ sea transport and how it has evolved overt time. Property of Pitlochry Primary The history of water transport • The first boats were dugout canoes. These were developed in the stone age. • They were used for fishing and travel. • A dugout canoe is a boat made from a hollowed tree trunk. Property of Pitlochry Primary Egyptian reed boat • The first sailing boat was most likely the Egyptian reed boat around 4000 BC. • The Egyptians were very knowledgeable on the topic of sailing construction and this boat could move very efficiently through the air without being dragged or slowed down by it (aerodynamics). Property of Pitlochry Primary Khufu’s solar boat • This is another boat originating from ancient Egypt (2500 BC). • It is made entirely of wood and is held together by ropes. • Archaeologists discovered it in 1954 inside the Pharaoh Khufu’s burial pyramid. • It is believed the boat was included in his chambers to allow him to sale across the heavens after death with the sun god Ra. Property of Pitlochry Primary Dhow (lateen-sail ship) • This ship was used in early modern India and Arabia in the Red sea, Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf. • A lateen sail is a triangular shaped sail. • Historians are unsure of exactly who invented this ship. Property of Pitlochry Primary Viking longboats and Chinese junks • Viking longboats (as can be seen below) originate in Northern Europe (1000 AD) • 60 men were needed to row the ship. • Chinese junks (1100 AD) were used for transport and fighting. Property of Pitlochry Primary Medieval ships • Several different ships were used during the middle ages such as the longships used by the Vikings for trade, commerce and war. • These ships were made of oak. Property of Pitlochry Primary Three and four masted sailing ships • These wooden ships were used for battle as well as exploration. • Masts are poles made in the centre of ships used for supporting the sails. Property of Pitlochry Primary SS Savannah • This ship was built in 1818 and used a combination of both sails and steampower. • This was the first steamship in the world to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Property of Pitlochry Primary SS Great Britain • This ship was first launched in 1843 Great Britain and was by far the largest vessel afloat at the time. • It was the first ocean liner made of iron and driven by a propeller. Property of Pitlochry Primary The Zoroaster • This ship was built in 1870 by the Nobel brothers and was the first oil tanker in the world. • A pipeline would directly fill oil into tanks built into the ship. • Before the Zoroaster oil was filled into barrels which were then carried on to ships to be transported. • This was very time consuming and also raised safety and security concerns. Property of Pitlochry Primary RMS Titanic • This was a British passenger liner which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on the 15th April 1912 after colliding with an ice-berg during her maiden voyage from Southampton UK, to New York City, US. • The sinking of the Titanic caused the deaths of 1502 people and is one of the deadliest maritime disasters in modern history. • The RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time of her maiden voyage. Property of Pitlochry Primary Wakamiya • This was the first seaplane carrier. It was created by the Japanese. • Commissioned in August 1914 the Wakamiya was converted from a transport ship into a seaplane carrier. • She conducted the world’s first naval-launched air raids. Property of Pitlochry Primary Activity 1. What were the first boats? _______________________________________________________________ 2. What were they used for? _______________________________________________________________ 3. How were they made? _______________________________________________________________ 4. What was the first sailing boat? _______________________________________________________________ 5. What was the purpose of the Khufu boat in the Pharoah’s burial chamber? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6. What is a lateen sail? _______________________________________________________________ Property of Pitlochry Primary 7. What is a lateen sail? _______________________________________________________________ 8. How many men were needed to row a Viking longboat? _______________________________________________________________ 9. What were the Chinese junks used for? _______________________________________________________________ 10. Which kind of wood was used in the making of most midievel ships? _______________________________________________________________ 11. What are masts? _______________________________________________________________ 12. What was the name of the first steamship in the world to cross the Atlantic ocean? _______________________________________________________________ 13. What was special about the SS Great Britain? _______________________________________________________________ Property of Pitlochry Primary 14. What was the name of the first oil tanker in the world and who built it? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 15. On what date did the RMS Titanic sink? _______________________________________________________________ 16. How did it sink and how many people died as a result? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 17. What was the name of the first seaplane carrier? _______________________________________________________________ 18. Which country did it originate in? _______________________________________________________________ Property of Pitlochry Primary Sailing to South Africa A ship called The Chapman arrived in Algoa Bay (now Port Elizabeth) in April 1820. This is the story of a young boy, Henry who travelled with his family and many other families from England to South Africa in 1820 on a ship like this one. We were excited about going to a new country to start a farm. My father took some pigs, sheep and a few chicken with us. They were kept in big wooden crates on the deck. We were going to build our new house ourselves when we got to the Cape, so my father took his carpentry tools with him, and seeds so we had something to plant. The ship was very crowded. Our whole family shared one cabin. The journey took a long time, about four months, and I sometimes got very bored and longed to be on land again. Once there was a great storm and huge waves crashed onto the deck. I was afraid, but the sailors kept the ship and us safe and the storm passed. With so many people on board, we had to be very careful to keep everything as clean as possible. My brother and I had to wash the floor of our cabin every day with seawater. There wasn’t much fresh water and it had to be kept for drinking. When we arrived in Algoa Bay we were very thankful. We anchored in the Bay and had to climb down the side of our ship onto small boats that took us ashore. There we saw men with big wagons waiting to take us to the place where we would begin to build our new home and start our new lives. Property of Pitlochry Primary 1. What did the family take with them on the ship to set up their farm in South Africa? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What were the sleeping arrangements for the family? _______________________________________________________________ 3. Why was Henry afraid during the voyage? _______________________________________________________________ 4. What was Henry’s job each day on board the ship? _______________________________________________________________ 5. How did the passengers get onto shore once they arrived at Algoa Bay? _______________________________________________________________ Property of Pitlochry Primary 6. Try to imagine what it must have been like on board the ship, by looking at the picture to help you think about it. Then write a paragraph of about five sentences pretending you are on a ship sailing from England to South Africa. What are you thinking about? How do you feel? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Property of Pitlochry Primary Property of Pitlochry Primary.