DOCSLIB.ORG

Operations of the Tenth Cruiser Squadron: a Challenge for the Royal Navy and Its Reserves

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Operations of the Tenth Cruiser Squadron: a Challenge for the Royal Navy and Its Reserves OPERATIONS OF THE TENTH CRUISER SQUADRON: A CHALLENGE FOR THE ROYAL NAVY AND ITS RESERVES. TERENCE DAWSON LILLEY B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Master Mariner. A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Greenwich for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy © June 2012 i I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not concurrently being submitted for any degree other than that of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised the work of others. T.D.Lilley 20th June 2012 ............................... First Supervisor Professor R.J. Knight ............................... Second Supervisor Professor S.R.Palmer ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to acknowledge the careful and continued guidance received from my supervisors, Professor Roger Knight and Professor Sarah Palmer. In addition, Edward Phillips, Senior Law Lecturer and Suzanne Louail also of Greenwich Maritime Institute gave useful help. As ever, academic research depends on support from librarians and archivists and mine is no exception. I am indebted to the staffs of the British Library, Bromley Central Library, Caird Library, Dreadnought Library, London School of Economics, National Archives and the Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth. Particular help came from Miss J.M.Wraight, Admiralty Librarian and Dr. Alan Scarth of Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool. Finally, I acknowledge the loyal support and patience of my late wife, Margaret and the constant encouragement from my daughter Susan to undertake my research. The work is dedicated to the memory of Margaret and all who served in The Tenth Cruiser Squadron. iii ABSTRACT The Tenth Cruiser Squadron provided a vital element to the Blockade of Germany, patrolling the seas between northwest Scotland, Iceland and Greenland. It was the longest continuous naval operation of the war lasting from 1914-1917. The Squadron’s resources were armed merchant cruisers manned by Naval Reservists and Mercantile Marine ratings all commanded by a Flag Officer and Royal Naval Commanding Officers. The thesis follows the Royal Navy’s deliberations to establish its Reservist elements and how the Navy assumed the men of the Mercantile Marine could be brought into naval service. A parallel debate in Parliament considered the viability of taking up ocean liners for conversion to armed merchant cruisers. Both sets of discussions lasted nearly fifty years. Most existing Squadron literature is chronological, drawing heavily on official reports of proceedings. This thesis concentrates on analysing personal diaries and biographies and is focused on the crews’ daily work to reveal a broad picture of life in the Squadron. Topics included are pay, accommodation, feeding scales, daily routines, promotion, pastoral and medical welfare, and recreation. These issues were in addition to the daily threats from surface and submarine attack and the constant debilitating bad weather. Although deemed successful, the thesis concludes, the blockade could have been tightened sooner if the Government had used statistics already held on imports and exports. The conclusion is also made that the Royal Navy’s failure to understand fully the shipping industry’s unique facets and the merchant seaman, created problems that could have been avoided. The Squadron’s operational achievement was intercepting nearly 13,000 suspect vessels. Its patrols performed a constabulary function which encouraged ships to call voluntarily at examination ports to be searched effectively. Less tangible, but equally praiseworthy, was the successful cohesion built amongst crews of widely differing experience. iv CONTENTS List of Abbreviations vii List of Illustrations viii List of Maps x List of Tables xi Part One Chapters Page 1. Introduction. 1 The Squadron, its sphere of operation and resources. Basics of the Declaration of London, Blockade and Contraband of War. .Important Squadron literature and research sources. 2. Blockade: the Westminster and Whitehall Perspectives. 23 Germany’s need for sea trade. The Declaration of London. The Foreign Office’s part in the blockade. Tensions between the Navy and the Foreign Office. Letters of Assurance. House of Lords’ debate on blockade. 3. Merchant Ships Taken Up From Trade. 54 Historical background of the Navy commandeering merchant shipping. Parliamentary debate and the slow approach to accept the concept circa 1890. Development of the required ship type. Contractual term for ship-owners. Converting a merchant ship for blockade/convoy duties. The emergence of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. 4. Mobilising the Navy’s Reserves. 80 Historical development of the Royal Naval Reserve and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Introduction of the Royal Fleet Reserve. Surgeon Probationers and the Royal Marine element in the squadron. Heavy reliance on merchant seafarers and employment arrangements. Demands on commanding officers to create cohesion in the ships’ companies 5. Early Disasters: New Training And Technology. 111 Team building. Early experiences. Basic navigation and limited weather reporting. New technology: electricity and wireless telegraphy. The need to develop a Northern coaling base to minimise passages back to Clyde and Mersey. Possible use of kite balloons explored. Learning to cope with constant bad weather. The need for proper clothing. 6. Boarding Neutral Shipping. 137 Hazards for boarding crews. Procedures on interception and actions on board suspect vessels. Methods of boat launching. Examples of dangers to boarding parties and armed guards when ‘taking in’ an arrested vessel. Regular blockade runners. The interception of Kristianafjord by Teutonic. v CONTENTS (Continued) Chapters Page 7. Gunnery Systems of The Tenth Cruisers Squadron. 162 Cruisers armament. Gunnery control systems. Gun drill and ratings’ training. Loss of Alcantara after close gun action against German commerce raider Greif. Subsequent enquiry into loss 8. Mines, Torpedoes and Submarines. 185 Mine and torpedo threats. Urgent attempts to develop countermeasures i.e. minesweeping, paravanes, zig zag, dazzle and camouflage painting. Losses from torpedo attacks. The struggle to save the Arlanza mined in Russia. 9. Social and Professional Tensions, Discipline and Recreation. 210 Tensions related to anomalies of pay and promotion. Victualling. Discipline issues. Medical and pastoral care. Accommodation. Off duty entertainment and recreation. 10. 1917: The Squadron’s Final Year. 236 The Squadron’s final year before dispersal. Review of blockade and squadron’s performance. Lessons for Government, the Royal Navy and its many Reserve elements. Final reflections on the Squadron’s contribution to the war effort 11. Rewards, Remembrance and Retrospection 250 Awards and decorations. Memorials. Post war retrospectives on selected Squadron vessels and individuals. List of Appendices 255 Bibliography 314 vi List of Abbreviations 10CS Tenth Cruiser Squadron FO Foreign Office G.O.C. General Officer Commanding M.M. Mercantile Marine NMM National Maritime Museum NFRNR Newfoundland Royal Naval Reserve NRS Navy Records Society P&O Peninsular Steam Navigation Company RMSPC Royal Mail Steam Packet Company RA10CS Rear Admiral Tenth Cruiser Squadron R.D. Reserve Decoration (for 15 years service) RGSS Registrar-General of Shipping and Seamen R.N. Royal Navy R.N.R. Royal Naval Reserve R.N.V.R. Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve R.U.S.I. Royal United Services Institution TNA The National Archives VA10CS Vice-Admiral Tenth Cruiser Squadron vii List of Illustrations Fig. Page 1 Rear-Admiral Sir Dudley de Chair R.N 1 2 An Edgar Class Cruiser 2 4 Vice Admiral Sir Reginald Tupper R.N. 10 5 H.M.S Hecla. 57 6 Requisition telegram Otranto 69 7 General arrangement armed merchant cruiser Virginian. 75 11 R.N.V.R. Recruitment Poster (TNA) 96 12 Newfoundland Reservists on wharf adjacent HMS Calypso 100 13 Title page from R.J.Willan’s book 101 14 R.M. Recruitment Poster (TNA) 103 15 RN, RNR, RNVR Officers’ Uniforms compared 107 16 H.M.S. Changuinola -- Composition of Crew 108 17 Extract from ADM 137/822 Re Mercantile Ratings 115 18 Patent Sounding Machine 117 20 Six-inch guns guard the entrance to Swarbacks Minn 126 21 BBC Forecast Areas in 1924. 131 22 Warm Clothing Instructions 133 23 H.M.S.Almanzora on patrol. 138 24 Visit and Search Operation 140 25 The Big Blockade book cover 143 26 Norwegian America Line’s Kristianafjord 157 27 Teutonic Leaving Liverpool 161 28 4.7” Naval Gun 162 29 Six Pounder Mounting 162 30 6”Naval Gun 163 31 H.M.S Alsatian’s bridge front and foredeck 164 32 Commercial Rangefinder 1947 vintage 165 33 Allowance of Practice Ammunition 172 34 Ratings training for Defensively Armed Merchant Ships 172 35 Line drawing of German raider Greif 176 36 Tracing Alcantara v. Greif action 177 42 The Otter Paravane in action 196 44 R.M.S.Alsatian in peacetime livery 206 45 Model of H.M.S Alsatian in wartime colours 206 viii List of Illustrations (Continued) Fig. Page 46 H.M.S Almanzora (sepia photograph) 206 47 H.M.S. Almanzora (Oil Painting) 206 48 R.M.S. Ebro (Post Card) 207 53 Christmas Dinner 1914 menus aboard H.M.S. Cedric 219 54 Men’s Sleeping Flat - ‘B’ Deck 223 55 The Theatre - (First Class Lower Smoke Rom) 224 56 The Boxing Ring (First Class Social Hall) 224 57 Concert Programme H.M.S. Cedric 30th July 1915 231 58 The Almanzora’s Bell 252 59 Muckle Flugga Lighthouse 277 60 Patrol Lines as at 1 January 1915 280 61 Patrol Lines as at October/November 1917 281 62 Ship Formations 282 63 A Range Clock 287 64 A Typical Dumaresq 287 ix List of Maps Fig. Page 3 Tenth Cruiser Squadron Sphere of Operations 6 39 North Channel Approach from the North West 191 40 H.M.S. Arlanza Winter 1915 Location 193 x List of Tables Fig. Page 3 Selected operating figures for H.M.S. Andes / R.M.S Andes .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The British Commonwealth and Allied Naval Forces' Operation with the Anti
    THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AND ALLIED NAVAL FORCES’ OPERATION WITH THE ANTI-COMMUNIST GUERRILLAS IN THE KOREAN WAR: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OPERATION ON THE WEST COAST By INSEUNG KIM A dissertation submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham May 2018 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the British Commonwealth and Allied Naval forces operation on the west coast during the final two and a half years of the Korean War, particularly focused on their co- operation with the anti-Communist guerrillas. The purpose of this study is to present a more realistic picture of the United Nations (UN) naval forces operation in the west, which has been largely neglected, by analysing their activities in relation to the large number of irregular forces. This thesis shows that, even though it was often difficult and frustrating, working with the irregular groups was both strategically and operationally essential to the conduct of the war, and this naval-guerrilla relationship was of major importance during the latter part of the naval campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • World War I: the War to End All Wars and the Birth of a Handicapped International Criminal Justice System
    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 30 Number 3 Summer Article 3 May 2020 World War I: The War to End All Wars and the Birth of a Handicapped International Criminal Justice System M. Cherif Bassiouni Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation M. Cherif Bassiouni, World War I: The War to End All Wars and the Birth of a Handicapped International Criminal Justice System, 30 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 244 (2002). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. WORLD WAR I: "THE WAR TO END ALL WARS"AND THE BIRTH OF A HANDICAPPED INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM M. CHERIF BASSIOUNI* "Strategy is a system of stop-gaps." -Moltke' INTRODUCTION The words of Von Moltke, Germany's well-known general, are an apt prelude to the strategy of justice pursued by the Allies after World War I. It was, indeed, a "system of stop-gaps." World War I, commonly referred to as the "Great War" and "the war to end all wars," took place between 1914 and 1918 and "was the first general war, involving all the Great Powers of the day, to be fought out in the modem, industrialized world."2 The trigger for the war was an incident that occurred in the volatile Balkans 3 on June 28, 1914, in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip as they rode in a car in Sarajevo.4 The " Professor of Law, President, International Human Rights Law Institute, DePaul University College of Law; President, International Association of Penal Law; President, International Institute for Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Moral Worlds: Individual and Social Processes of Meaning-Making in a Somali Diaspora Anna Jacobsen Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2011 Making Moral Worlds: Individual and Social Processes of Meaning-Making in a Somali Diaspora Anna Jacobsen Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Jacobsen, Anna, "Making Moral Worlds: Individual and Social Processes of Meaning-Making in a Somali Diaspora" (2011). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 592. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/592 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Anthropology Dissertation Examination Committee: John R. Bowen, chair Geoff Childs Carolyn Lesorogol Rebecca Lester Shanti Parikh Timothy Parsons Carolyn Sargent Making Moral Worlds: Individual and Social Processes of Meaning Making in a Somali Diaspora by Anna Lisa Jacobsen A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 Saint Louis, Missouri Abstract: I argue that most Somalis living in exile in the Eastleigh neighborhood of Nairobi, Kenya are deeply concerned with morality both as individually performed and proven, and as socially defined, authorized and constructed. In this dissertation, I explore various aspects of Somali morality as it is constructed, debated, and reinforced by individual women living in Eastleigh.
    [Show full text]
  • After Editing
    Shackleton Dates AUGUST 8th 1914 The team leave the UK on the ship, Endurance. DEC 5th 1914 They arrive at the edge of the Antarctic pack ice, in the Weddell Sea. JAN 18th 1915 Endurance becomes frozen in the pack ice. OCT 27TH 1915 Endurance is crushed in the ice after drifting for 9 months. Ship is abandoned and crew start to live on the pack ice. NOV 1915 Endurance sinks; men start to set up a camp on the ice. DEC 1915 The pack ice drifts slowly north; Patience camp is set up. MARCH 23rd 2016 They see land for the first time – 139 days have passed; the land can’t be reached though. APRIL 9th 2016 The pack ice starts to crack so the crew take to the lifeboats. APRIL 15th 1916 The 3 crews arrive on ELEPHANT ISLAND where they set up camp. APRIL 24th 1916 5 members of the team, including Shackleton, leave in the lifeboat James Caird, on an 800 mile journey to South Georgia, for help. MAY 10TH 1916 The James Caird crew arrive in the south of South Georgia. MAY 19TH -20TH Shackleton, Crean and Worsley walk across South Georgis to the whaling station at Stromness. MAY 23RD 1916 All the men on Elephant Island are safe; Shackleton starts on his first attempt at a rescue from South Georgia but ice prevents him. AUGUST 25th Shackleton leaves on his 4th attempt, on the Chilian tug boat Yelcho; he arrives on Elephant Island on August 30th and rescues all his crew. MAY 1917 All return to England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of the War at Sea During WWI
    The Importance of The War At Sea During WWI By: Taylor Pressdee, Anna Ward, Nathan Urquidi What Was the Impact of ‘The War at Sea’? ● Opened a new kind of warfare: Submarine Warfare ● Involved civilians as well as sailors and soldiers ● One of the major reasons that the United States joined the Allies ● Influenced major events during the war: Battle of Jutland, the naval blockade, submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania Who Was Affected By The War at Sea? ● “Total War” ● War At Sea affected civilians as well as soldiers ● Ship Liners, and Coastal cities were in danger of attack ● Starvation was prevalent in specifically Germany because supply ships were being sunk Timeline May 31st 1916 September 1915 Battle of Jutland Germans stop using U-boats February 1st 1916 Germans begin using U-boats again May 7th 1916 Lusitania Sinks Battle of Jutland Battle of Jutland ● Fought on May 31st 1916 ● Only major battle fought at sea ● Fought by the Jutland Peninsula between England and Germany ● Two Admirals in charge of both fleets: Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer (Left) and Admiral Sir John Jellicoe (Right) The Battle ● British forces intercepted a German message containing a plan to attack them on May 28th ● However, Admiral Scheer postponed the attack due to bad weather ○ Attempted to plan another attack down by the Jutland Peninsula, however Britain intercepted this plan as well ● Vice Admiral Jellicoe moved his fleet down to the Jutland Peninsula, awaiting the attack Aftermath of the Battle ● The British suffered losses, but not nearly
    [Show full text]
  • The Collaborators
    The Collaborators http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.AAMP2B0100009 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The Collaborators Author/Creator Ainslie, Rosalynde; Robinson, Dorothy Publisher Anti-Apartheid Movement Date 1963-11-00 Resource type Pamphlets Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, United Kingdom Coverage (temporal) 1963 Source AAM Archive Description Analysis of British involvement in South Africa Format extent 36 page(s) (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.AAMP2B0100009 http://www.aluka.org I I !IkI Mal,±I'J I 1, 1II111 iI IIVI I II I dlii hR 0 1 ! 111PI1111111i, 11 THE COLLABORATORS by Rosalynde Ainslie and Dorothy Robinson Published by the ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT 15 Endsleigh Street, London, W.C.1 Price 2/The Anti-Apartheid Movement campaigns for effective international action against apartheid.
    [Show full text]
  • On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and His Brave Crew Set out to Cross the Vast South Polar Continent, Antarctica
    Born on 15 February 1874, Shackleton was the second of ten children. From a young age, Shackleton complained about teachers, but he had a keen interest in books, especially poetry – years later, on expeditions, he would read to his crew to lift their spirits. Always restless, the young Ernest left school at 16 to go to sea. After working his way up the ranks, he told his friends, “I think I can do something better, I want to make a name for myself.” Shackleton was a member of Captain Scott’s famous Discovery expedition (1901-1904), and told reporters that he had always been “strangely drawn to the mysterious south” and that unexplored parts of the world “held a strong fascination for me from my earliest memories”. Once Amundsen reached the South Pole ahead of Scott, Shackleton realised that there was only one great challenge left. He wrote: “The first crossing of the Antarctic continent, from sea to sea, via the Pole, apart from its historic value, will be a journey of great scientific importance.” On 8 August 1914, Ernest Shackleton and his brave crew set out to cross the vast south polar continent, Antarctica. Shackleton’s epic journey would be the last expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration (1888-1914). His story is one fraught with unimaginable peril, adventure and, above all, endurance. 1 2 JAMES WORDIE TIMOTHY McCARTHY ALFRED CHEETHAM Expedition geologist. Able seaman. Third officer. FRANK WORSLEY ERNEST SHACKLETON FRANK WILD FRANK HURLEY DR. JAMES McILROY DR. ALEXANDER MACKLIN Ship’s captain. Expedition leader. Second-in-command.
    [Show full text]
  • "Weapon of Starvation": the Politics, Propaganda, and Morality of Britain's Hunger Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2015 A "Weapon of Starvation": The Politics, Propaganda, and Morality of Britain's Hunger Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919 Alyssa Cundy Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Cundy, Alyssa, "A "Weapon of Starvation": The Politics, Propaganda, and Morality of Britain's Hunger Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919" (2015). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1763. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1763 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A “WEAPON OF STARVATION”: THE POLITICS, PROPAGANDA, AND MORALITY OF BRITAIN’S HUNGER BLOCKADE OF GERMANY, 1914-1919 By Alyssa Nicole Cundy Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of Western Ontario, 2007 Master of Arts, University of Western Ontario, 2008 DISSERTATION Submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Doctor of Philosophy in History Wilfrid Laurier University 2015 Alyssa N. Cundy © 2015 Abstract This dissertation examines the British naval blockade imposed on Imperial Germany between the outbreak of war in August 1914 and the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles in July 1919. The blockade has received modest attention in the historiography of the First World War, despite the assertion in the British official history that extreme privation and hunger resulted in more than 750,000 German civilian deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • Tikkanen, Henrikki Leader Personality, Managerial Attention, and Disruptive Technologies
    This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Tikkanen, Henrikki Leader personality, managerial attention, and disruptive technologies Published in: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2017.1308259 Published: 31/03/2017 Document Version Peer reviewed version Please cite the original version: Tikkanen, H. (2017). Leader personality, managerial attention, and disruptive technologies: the adoption of the battlecruiser concept in the Royal Navy, 1904–1918. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY, 12(1), 47-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2017.1308259 This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Tikkanen, Henrikki (2017) Leader Personality, Managerial Attention and Disruptive Technologies: The Adoption of the Battlecruiser Concept in the Royal Navy, 1904-1918, Management & Organizational History, 21(1), 47-75. Abstract Managerial attention to the leader’s strategic designs has been identified as a key prerequisite for success in the adoption of new technologies. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how the battlecruiser concept as an organizational gestalt was developed, adopted and assessed in the British Royal Navy (RN) in 1904- 1918 from the perspective of the top leader’s personality and managerial attention.
    [Show full text]
  • The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2
    The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society The Old angbournianP Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society First published in the UK 2020 The Old Pangbournian Society Copyright © 2020 The moral right of the Old Pangbournian Society to be identified as the compiler of this work is asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, “Beloved by many. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any Death hides but it does not divide.” * means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior consent of the Old Pangbournian Society in writing. All photographs are from personal collections or publicly-available free sources. Back Cover: © Julie Halford – Keeper of Roll of Honour Fleet Air Arm, RNAS Yeovilton ISBN 978-095-6877-031 Papers used in this book are natural, renewable and recyclable products sourced from well-managed forests. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro, designed and produced *from a headstone dedication to R.E.F. Howard (30-33) by NP Design & Print Ltd, Wallingford, U.K. Foreword In a global and total war such as 1939-45, one in Both were extremely impressive leaders, soldiers which our national survival was at stake, sacrifice and human beings. became commonplace, almost routine. Today, notwithstanding Covid-19, the scale of losses For anyone associated with Pangbourne, this endured in the World Wars of the 20th century is continued appetite and affinity for service is no almost incomprehensible.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Admiralty War Staff and Its Influence on the Conduct of The
    ‘The Admiralty War Staff and its influence on the conduct of the naval between 1914 and 1918.’ Nicholas Duncan Black University College University of London. Ph.D. Thesis. 2005. UMI Number: U592637 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592637 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENTS Page Abstract 4 Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Introduction 9 Chapter 1. 23 The Admiralty War Staff, 1912-1918. An analysis of the personnel. Chapter 2. 55 The establishment of the War Staff, and its work before the outbreak of war in August 1914. Chapter 3. 78 The Churchill-Battenberg Regime, August-October 1914. Chapter 4. 103 The Churchill-Fisher Regime, October 1914 - May 1915. Chapter 5. 130 The Balfour-Jackson Regime, May 1915 - November 1916. Figure 5.1: Range of battle outcomes based on differing uses of the 5BS and 3BCS 156 Chapter 6: 167 The Jellicoe Era, November 1916 - December 1917. Chapter 7. 206 The Geddes-Wemyss Regime, December 1917 - November 1918 Conclusion 226 Appendices 236 Appendix A.
    [Show full text]
  • My First Ship
    My First Ship Another 'first tripper' account, or perhaps a 'first shipper' one, this time from Richard Olden and yet again with Clan Line. His ship was very similar to the CLAN ALPINE, which ended up in a paddy field near Chittagong during a cyclone. (Captain Les Morris's brother John was third engineer on her at the time and his account was published here in issues 27 & 28.) My cadetship was spent mainly in the SS “CLAN ANGUS” (ex “EMPIRE PRINCE”), a 1942 utility-built 7,030 GRT general cargo vessel. She had a triple-expansion steam engine, coal-fired boilers, and a speed of 11 knots. Her officers were British, consisting of the Master, three Deck Officers, five Engineer Officers, Radio Officer, Chief Steward, Carpenter and two Deck Cadets. And like all Clan Line ships, she had a Lascar crew. I had had pre-sea training at “Pangbourne”, and after a successful interview at Clan Line’s head office in London, I joined the “CLAN ANGUS” in Govan Dry Dock, Glasgow in October 1946. As I boarded her, a new Clan Line funnel was being fitted, and gun mountings and other war fittings were being removed. Unbeknown to me then, I would be in her for four voyages - nearly two and a half years - including a voyage of twelve months. Also, I would be sailing with the same Master, Chief Officer, Chief and Second Engineers, Radio Officer and Carpenter. The Second and Third Deck Of- ficers would also be the same for nearly two years. I had been kitted out by my parents, who paid my travel expenses to Glasgow, where my career began.
    [Show full text]