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The Implementation of Papua New Guinea's National Goals

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The Implementation of Papua New Guinea's National Goals View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA’S NATIONAL GOALS AND DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES AND BASIC SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS BY VERGIL NAROKOBI A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law Victoria University of Wellington 2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... vii Abstract ............................................................................................................................ ix Glossary ........................................................................................................................... xi Chapter One – Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 I National Goals and Directive Principles and Basic Social Obligations .................. 1 II Research Methodology ............................................................................................ 1 III Thesis Finding ......................................................................................................... 2 IV Thesis Map .............................................................................................................. 2 V Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 4 Chapter Two – Political and Legal Context ...................................................................... 5 I Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 II Introducing the Problem .......................................................................................... 6 III Basic Outline of the Political and Legal System ..................................................... 6 IV Laws of Papua New Guinea .................................................................................... 9 V Civil and Political Rights and Freedoms ............................................................... 10 VI Constitutional Institutions ..................................................................................... 11 VII Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 13 Chapter Three – Role of the National Goals and Directive Principles and Basic Social Obligations ............................................................................................................ 14 I Introduction ........................................................................................................... 14 II Overview of Historical Forces Shaping the NGDP and BSO ............................... 14 A Introduction ......................................................................................................................14 B Historical Overview .........................................................................................................15 III Process of Developing and Adopting the NGDP and BSO................................... 18 IV Role of the NGDP and BSO .................................................................................. 21 A Introduction ......................................................................................................................21 B NGDP and BSO: Underlying Aims/Objectives of the Constitution ................................21 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................21 2 Aims/Objectives of the Constitution ............................................................................22 V Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 25 i Chapter Four – The Constitutional Duty to Implement .................................................. 26 I Introduction ............................................................................................................ 26 II Principles of Constitutional Interpretation ............................................................. 26 A Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 26 B Constitutional Supremacy ............................................................................................... 27 C Paramount Consideration to the Dispensation of Justice ................................................ 28 D The Constitution as a Living Document .......................................................................... 29 E Constitution Read as a Whole ......................................................................................... 29 F Fair and Liberal Interpretation ........................................................................................ 30 G Self-executing Nature of the Constitution ....................................................................... 30 H Constitutional Directive to be Judicially Enlightened by the NGDP and BSO ............... 31 I Use of Certain Materials as Aids to Interpretation .......................................................... 31 J Home-Grown Constitution .............................................................................................. 33 III Sections 25 and 63 of the Constitution .................................................................. 33 A The CPC on Implementation ........................................................................................... 34 B NGDP and BSO as Part of the Preamble of the Constitution .......................................... 35 C The Concept of Justiciability ........................................................................................... 36 D Duty to Implement Under ss 25 and 63 ........................................................................... 38 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 38 2 Current jurisprudence on the use of ss 25(3) and 63(3) of the Constitution: The interpretive aid approach .............................................................................................. 39 3 The new approach: Indirect justiciability and its justification ..................................... 40 4 Practical application of indirect justiciability and its difference from the interpretive aid approach ................................................................................................................. 50 5 The limits and scope of indirect justiciability .............................................................. 53 6 Indirect justiciability and remedies .............................................................................. 56 E A Note on Similarities and Differences between ss 25 and 63 of the Constitution ......... 57 IV Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 59 Chapter Five – Implementation Record of Governmental Bodies and Impediments ..... 60 I Introduction ............................................................................................................ 60 II Governmental Bodies’ Record of Implementing the NGDP and BSO ................. 60 A Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 60 B The Legislature ................................................................................................................ 61 C The Executive .................................................................................................................. 62 D The Courts ....................................................................................................................... 63 E The Ombudsman Commission ........................................................................................ 65 ii III Impediments to Implementation of the National Goals and Directive Principles and Basic Social Obligations ................................................................................. 66 A Introduction ......................................................................................................................66 B Reasons for Non-Implementation of the NGDP and BSO ...............................................66 1 Brief over-view of non-legal reasons for non-implementation ....................................66 2 Legal reasons for non-implementation .........................................................................68 3 Cumulative effect of legal impediments .......................................................................81 IV Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 82 Chapter Six – Implementation Framework and the Interconnectedness Approach ........ 83 I Introduction ........................................................................................................... 83 II Separation of Powers ............................................................................................. 84 A Introduction ......................................................................................................................84
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