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PART-A Background Information: ORISSA PART-A Background Information: State Profile ORISSA A BACKGROUND INFORMATION – PROFILE OF ORISSA CONTENTS SL. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. NO. A.1 STATE PROFILE A ­ 4 A.1.1 Geographic Details A ­ 4 A.1.2 Demographic Details A ­ 9 A.1.3 Socio economic Profile A – 11 A.1.4 Administrative Divisons A – 16 A.1.5 Economy, Land Use pattern A – 17 A.1.6 Administrative Arrangement A – 23 A.1.7 Multi­Hazard Map A – 25 A.1.8 Hierarchy of Towns and Settlements A – 29 A.1.9 Economic indicators of the State A – 29 A.2 ECOLOGY A.2.1 Location of Creek, Estuary, Lagoon, Island A – 30 A.2.2 Soil Type A – 32 A.2.3 Vegetation composition A – 35 A.2.4 Flora and Fauna A – 35 A.3 CYCLONE HAZARD, VULNERABILITY & RISK ASSESSMENT A.3.1 Hazard Assessment A – 37 A.3.2 Vulnerability Assessment A – 58 A.3.3 Risk Assessment A – 63 A.4 EXISTING DISASTER MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS A.4.1 State DM Policy/ DM Act/ Institutional Framework A – 64 A.4.2 Financing of disaster management in the State A – 64 A.4.3 State DM Plans A – 65 A.4.4 Committees at different levels A – 65 A ­ 1 A.4.5 Mechanism for receiving Cyclone Early Warning A – 65 A.4.6 Warning dissemination protocols A – 66 A.4.7 Existing infrastructure for warning dissemination A – 66 A.4.8 Availability of Cyclone Shelters and other cyclone­resistant A – 67 buildings A.4.9 Shelterbelt Plantations/ Mangroves and their impact on mitigating A – 67 cyclone risks A.4.10 Other measures for cyclone risk mitigation A – 67 A.5 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION INITIATIVES BEING TAKEN UP A.5.1 Change of Orientation in relation to Disaster Management A – 69 A.5.2 On­going DM projects A – 70 A.5.3 Major initiatives for multi­hazard mitigation A –70 A.6 SECTORAL GAPS/ NEEDS AND PRIORITIES FOR CYCLONE RISK MITIGATION A.6.1 Construction of Cyclone Shelters A – 77 A.6.2 Construction/ Renovation of Embankments and Canals A – 79 A.6.3 Shelterbelt Plantations and Regeneration of Mangroves A – 80 A.6.4 Connectivity to Cyclone Shelters and served villages A – 83 A.6.5 Multi­purpose Shelter cum Communication Buildings for Marine A – 84 Fishermen Communities A.6.6 Documentation and IEC activities A – 86 A.7 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING A.7.1 Project Implementation Unit A – 88 A.7.2 State Steering Committee A – 88 A.7.3 Prioritization of Cyclone Risk Mitigation investment A – 89 A.7.4 Linkages with other sectoral area implementation untis A – 89 A.7.5 Third Party Quality Assurance and Monitoring A – 91 A.7.6 Environmental and Social Impact A – 92 A.7.7 Beneficiary Consultation Process A – 93 A.7.8 Sustainability A – 93 A.7.9 Project Monitroing A – 96 A ­ 2 A.8 PROJECT BUDGETS A.8.1 Sectoral Budget Summary A – 97 A.8.2 Budgetary provision of the State Govt. A – 98 Annexure Annexure Details Ref. No. Page No. A/01 Details of Damage due to natural calamities in the last 10 A – 54 years A/02 PIU structure A – 88 A/03 Budget break­up for Monitoring of Project A – 97 A ­ 3 A.1 State Profile A.1.1 Geographic details Orissa extends from 17 o 49’N to 22 o 36’N latitude and from 81 o 36’ E to 87 o 18’E longitude on the eastern coast of India with an area of 155,707 Sq km. The state is broadly divided into four geographically regions viz. the northern plateau, central river basins, eastern hills and coastal plains. The northern plateau region comprises mainly, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Sundergarh districts. The central river basins lie between the northern plateau and eastern hills and include Bolangir, Sonepur, Sambalpur, Deogarh, Bargarh, Jharsuguda, Dhenkanal and Angul districts, and a part of Cuttack district. The eastern hills which constitute the last portion of the eastern ghats, lie to the south and southwest of central river basins stretching for about 250 km in northeast – southwest direction through the districts of Koraput, Rayagada, Nawarangpur, Malkangiri, Kalahandi, Nuapara, Gajapati and a part of Ganjam district. The eastern hills are elevated and are generally 900 m above sea level. The coastal plains comprise mostly of Balasore, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Puri, Khurdha, Nayagarh and a portion of Ganjam and Cuttack districts. The areas of the state north of latitude 20oN have elevation of up to 500m above sea level, in general and in the south western districts, they rise to 1500­1600m above sea level. INDIA ORISSA A ­ 4 Climate: The climate of the state is characterized by hot summer and cold winter in the interior. The climate of the coastal region near the Bay of Bengal is moist equable. The State can be divided into ten agro­climatic zones on the basis of soil, weather and other relevant characteristics. Its land can be classified into three categories, low (25.6%), medium (33.6%) and up­lands (40.8%) with various types of soil like red, yellow, red­loamy, alluvial, coastal alluvial, laterite and black soil etc. with low and medium texture. Characteristics of different agro­climatic zones in Orissa are presented in Table 1. Table­1: Agro­climatic Zones in Orissa The year may be divided into four seasons. The winter season from December to February is followed by the pre­monsoon or hot weather season from March to May. The period from June to September constitutes the southwest monsoon season and the period of October and November is the post­monsoon season. During the period from December to February, generally low temperatures prevail over the state except in the coastal belt. In the hot weather season from March to May, weather is generally dry and uncomfortable in the interior, while due to lower temperatures, the plateau regions are, comparatively less uncomfortable. Weather tends to be oppressive during July due to high humidity and high temperature. The rest of the period of the monsoon is fairly comfortable due to reduced day temperatures, although humidity continues to be high. A ­ 5 T wi B pe Ri • h i h t ver n e Rainfall in mm Rainfall in mm hin Orissa Rainfall in mm a S Ri 10 15 20 25 100 150 200 250 in 5 50 r, 1 1 2 2 m 00 00 00 00 00 uba 5 0 5 0 5 0 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. v s 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a u e (b) . and 0 0 0 0 0 0 in rs l a r Angul Angul nar r ri Angul t Balasore Balasore r v h ivers o e t e Balasore . e Bargarh Bargarh ri he rs k gina S h Bargarh S A Am Bhadrak Bhadrak e erie r a i l i es n l Bhadrak s Bolangir Bolangir a D 1 1 t a a nd t h t r Boudh Bolangir he n rk in Boudh e a d se g a ina Cuttack Boudh Cuttack h A st nta B c a S r Deogarh t Cuttack e Deogarh S u ra a r v e a i ivers g es fr r l e t i Dhenkanal es k Deogarh Dhenkanal 2 hm e e Dis o 2 o m Gajapati pl Gajapati i Dhenkanal D t D ncl r Syst r a i i i ig s s a Ganjam c Ganjam a tr t Gajapati n r t t i N w i i r c c u e i. n o tw t i Ch Jagatsinghpur e Jagatsinghpur w s r d Ganjam a m a e i i em: s s a e W u no t Jajpur e e Ra Jajpur l ho Jagatsinghpur e : R R h in d a a i D Jharsuguda Jharsuguda n A n i i i Jajpur il t s n n D F ­per t a i e r s fr a F Kalahandi F Kalahandi i ­ t ct l Ch a a Al Jharsuguda r l i o l l ct a l 6 D l Su Kandhamal Kandhamal v a is a m l Kalahandi v N v e a e t r e e Kendrapara r ic t Kendrapara t b r a r nn a a a he t t (a Kandhamal g a g g gp is Keonjhar e e e Keonjhar r ( ia ) ga Kendrapara (2 (2 nar 2 ur Khordha 0 0 0 Khordha ri l t 0 0 0 i Keonjhar 5 he 7 6 r v ) ) n Koraput ) Koraput h e er c Khordha , k Malkangiri Malkangiri pl Ch ha s h o Koraput a a Mayurbhanj r Mayurbhanj o ’s h t ra Malkangiri ea f (c o Nawarangpur Nawarangpur c s t Oriss Mayurbhanj ) a t u: Nayagarh t Nayagarh e r t e Nawarangpur N r. Nuapara Nuapara h t a e c Puri Nayagarh Puri T a gpur h E hes Rayagada Nuapara Rayagada wi a a r st Sambalpur Puri Sambalpur e t e h e p Sonepur Rayagada Sonepur in r la p n r Sundargarh Sundargarh in t Sambalpur im e Oriss G c a Sonepur l h a u ud a ri Sundargarh in t ly a e s is small, Brahmani and its tributaries form an important drainage sub­ system in Orissa.
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