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Vegetarianismo E Comportamento Alimentar

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Vegetarianismo E Comportamento Alimentar Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina Vegetarianismo e Comportamento Alimentar Comportamentos Alimentares Disfuncionais e Hábitos Alimentares em Dietas Vegetarianas Catarina Rola Curso de Mestrado em Doenças Metabólicas e Comportamento Alimentar Lisboa 2015 |2015 Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina Vegetarianismo e Comportamento Alimentar Comportamentos Alimentares Disfuncionais e Hábitos Alimentares em Dietas Vegetarianas ORIENTADOR Professor Catedrático Doutor Daniel Sampaio, Núcleo de Doenças do Comportamento Alimentar, Serviço de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental do Hospital de Santa Maria, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa CO-ORIENTADORA Doutora Ana Rita Vaz, Grupo de Estudo das Perturbações Alimentares da Escola de Psicologia da Universidade do Minho Catarina Rola Dissertação Original no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Doenças Metabólicas e Comportamento Alimentar Lisboa 2015 Página|2 |2015 Todas as afirmações efetuadas no presente documento são da exclusiva responsabilidade do seu autor, não cabendo qualquer responsabilidade à Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa pelos conteúdos nele apresentados. Página|3 |2015 A presente dissertação foi aprovada pelo Conselho Científico da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa em reunião de 28 de Janeiro de 2015. Página|4 |2015 AGRADECIMENTOS Os meus agradecimentos são dirigidos a todos os que facultaram a realização deste trabalho de investigação. Gostaria de expressar a minha sincera gratidão a todos que, de uma forma ou de outra, nele estiveram envolvidos, com particular destaque: À Doutora Ana Rita Vaz, minha coorientadora, todo o apoio, as pertinentes e construtivas críticas, a paciência, e sobretudo, por acreditar em mim. Ao Prof. Doutor Daniel Sampaio, meu orientador, cuja dedicação e profissionalismo pelo seu saber, sempre me inspiraram. À Doutora Maria João Gouveia, do Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, pelo contributo na escolha do tema ao qual dediquei este trabalho. Ao Centro Vegetariano (CV) de Portugal por ter tornado possível o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Aos meus pacientes e alunos, enquanto fonte de inspiração, pela motivação e tolerância ao longo de todo este percurso. Aos meus amigos José Pereira, Maria Sequeira, José Dutra Branco, Telma Machado, Katherine Sinois, Marta Andrade e Nadav Dagon, pelo estímulo, pelo carinho, pela partilha de saberes e pelo sentido que deram a esta realização. Por último, mas não menos importante, aos meus sobrinhos, e a ti mãe, pelo teu amor, compreensão e dedicação incondicional. Página|5 |2015 INDICE GERAL Lista de Abreviaturas ................................................................................................. 7 Índice de Figuras ........................................................................................................ 8 Índice de Gráficos ....................................................................................................... 8 Índice de Tabelas ........................................................................................................ 9 Resumo ..................................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 12 CAPÍTULO I - Enquadramento Teórico .................................................................... 14 Introdução .............................................................................................................................. 15 1. Vegetarianismo ................................................................................................................ 16 a. Contexto Histórico .......................................................................................................... 16 b. Conceitos e Motivações ................................................................................................ 18 c. Contexto Atual ................................................................................................................. 20 2. Considerações Dietéticas e Nutricionais .................................................................. 21 a. Recomendações Nutricionais ...................................................................................... 21 b. Necessidades Nutricionais ........................................................................................... 22 3. Perturbações Alimentares (PA) ................................................................................... 28 a. Definições e Classificação ........................................................................................... 28 b. Etiologia............................................................................................................................. 33 CAPÍTULO II - Investigação Empírica ...................................................................... 44 1. Delimitação da Problemática ....................................................................................... 45 2. Objetivos de Investigação ............................................................................................ 46 3. Procedimento Metodológico ........................................................................................ 47 4. Instrumento de Avaliação ............................................................................................. 49 I. Dados Sociodemográficos e Gerais .......................................................................... 49 II. Padrão Alimentar ............................................................................................................ 51 III. Eating Disorder Examination versão questionário (EDE-Q) ................................ 53 IV. Pré-teste ............................................................................................................................ 54 V. Análise Estatística .......................................................................................................... 55 VI. Resultados ........................................................................................................................ 56 CAPÍTULO III – Discussão de Resultados ............................................................... 74 CAPÍTULO IV - Considerações Finais ..................................................................... 87 CAPÍTULO VII - Referências Bibliográficas............................................................. 91 Anexos.................................................................................................................... XVII Página|6 |2015 Lista de Abreviaturas ADN - ácido desoxirribonucleico ALA – Ácido linoleico AN – Anorexia Nervosa APA – Associação de Psiquiatria Americana BED – Binge Eating Disorder BN – Bulimia Nervosa CRH - hormona libertadora de corticotropina CV – Centro Vegetariano DHA – Ácido docosahexaenóico DRI - Dietary Recommended Intake DSM - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual EPA - ácido eicosapentaenóico FAO – Food, Agriculture Organization HC – Hidratos de Carbono HSM – Hospital de Santa Maria IAC – Ingestão Alimentar Compusiva IMC – Índice de Massa Corporal NES - Night Eating Syndrome ODE-Q - Obesity Disorder Eating Questionnaire OMS – Organização Mundial de Saúde OPAE – Outras Perturbações Alimentares Específicas OSFED - Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder PA – Perturbações Alimentares PA-SOE – Perturbações Alimentares Sem Outra Especificação PDCAAS - Protein Digestibility- Corrected Amino Acid Score PIAC - Perturbação de Ingestão Alimentar Compulsiva SAN – Síndrome de Alimentação Noturna WHO – World Health Organization Página|7 |2015 Índice de Figuras Figura 1 – Participantes de estudo………………………………………………………… 39 Índice de Gráficos Gráfico 1 - Tipo de vegetarianismo ............................................................................................. 57 Gráfico 2 - Frequência do consumo de Lacticínios e derivados nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra ........................................................................................................................... 60 Gráfico 3 - Frequência do consumo de Hortícolas nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra . 61 Gráfico 4 - Frequência do consumo de Fruta nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra ......... 61 Gráfico 5 - Frequência do consumo de Leguminosas nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra ............................................................................................................................................. 62 Gráfico 6 - Frequência de consumo de Cereais, Derivados e Tubérculos nos grupos de vegetarianos da amostra ..................................................................................................... 62 Gráfico 7 - Frequência de consumo de Cereais, dos quais Integrais, nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra ................................................................................................. 63 Gráfico 8 - Frequência de consumo de cereais, dos quais açúcares (bolos, bolachas, chocolate, farinhas) nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra. ......................................................... 63 Gráfico 9 - Frequência de consumo de Gorduras nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra .. 64 Gráfico 10 - Frequência de consumo de Pescado e Ovo nos grupos de vegetarianismo da amostra ................................................................................................................................ 64 Gráfico 11 - Frequência de consumo de Produtos
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