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Appendix a Methodological Notes Appendix A Methodological Notes Table A.I lists the surnames used to select the sample (see Chapter I for details). Table A.2 gives frequency distributions for the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the people in the sample. Comparative data on the Moscow Jew­ ish population according to the 1989 census are given where available. Table A.3 gives frequency distributions for the sex, age and educational level of nonrespondents, i.e., people who were contacted but who declined to take part in the survey. Data were obtained from other household members. The distri­ butions are very similar to those for respondents. This strongly suggests that nonresponse bias is not a problem in this survey. As a check on the validity of responses, interviewers were asked after each interview to rank the respondents on a scale of I to 5, where I indicates that the respondent appeared "very open" in answering questions and 5 indicates that he or she seemed "very closed". The average score was 1.9, which suggests that in gen­ eral respondents felt comfortable during the interview and gave frank and honest answers. Interviewers were also asked to indicate which questions, if any, the re­ spondents found difficult to answer. By far the most difficult set of questions con­ cerned the issue of who benefited from the notion that antisemitism existed in their country (qI41-qI48). An average of 4.7 per cent of respondents found these eight questions difficult to answer. That figure is too low to be of concern. 105 106 The Jews ofMoscow, Kiev and Minsk Table A.I The Most Common Jewish Surnames in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (n=405) Abramov Bronshteyn Fish Igolnik Abramovich Bunimovich Fisher Ilinets Abramson Fishman Ioffe Agranovich Dagman Fogel Itenberg Akselrod Dashevsky Fradkin Itskovich Altman Davidovich Frayberg Izakson Altshuler Davidson Frayerman Izrael Aptekman Deller Frid Izraelson Arev Deych Fridlin Izrailson Aranovich Diligensky Fridlyand Izrailev Aronov Dimerrnan Fridman Aronson Diner Frishman Kagan Arshavsky Dintan Fuks Kagansky Asbel Dipman Funtik Kalmanovich Ashkinazi Domansky Furman Kantor Averbakh Domnich Futerrnan Kantorovich Averbukh Dorfman Kaplan Ayzekovich Dunaevsky Garfunkel Kaplun Ayzenberg Dverin Gelman Kaplunovich Ayzenshtat Dvorkin Gelner Karpachevsky Dvoskin Gerd KarpeIson Basin Dymersky Gerdt Karsik Batkin Dymshits Gershenson Kats Belenky Gershikovich Katsen Benevich Fakhzon Gershuni Katsman Beninson Faktor Gerts Katsnelson Berelson Faktorovich Gilevich Katsner Berg Fayn Gilinsky Kazakevich Berger Faynberg Gitelman Kaziner Bergman Faynleyb Glozman Khashis Berkovich Fayntikh Gofman Khaymovich Berlyand Fegin Goltsman Khenkin Berngart Feldbeyn Golod Kheyfits Bernshteyn Feldman Gorfinkel Kheynman Beylin Feltsman Gorodetsky Khidekel Blyum Felsot Gozman Khrnelnitsky Blyumin Fiks Gurevich Khotinsky Blyumkin Finkel Gurvich Khurgin Braude Finkelshteyn Kleyman Appendix A: Methodological Notes 107 Table A.I (cont'd) The Most Common Jewish Surnames in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (n=405) Kleyner Lurie Nosonovsky Ravich Kofman Lyublinsky Noyberg Ravichbakh Kogan Noyman Ravikovich Kon Magaliv Nudelman Rekhman Korman Maltser Nudman Revzin Krasik Malkin Rivers Kreymer Malkind Paperny Roginsky Kugel Margulis Pekarsky Rossin Kugelman Markel Pekelis Rotenfeld Kunin Markovich Pelman Rotman Kuperman Matizen Perchik Rovinsky Kupershteyn Mayer Perelman Roytman Kushner Maykin Peres Royzman Kushnerovich Mayminas Pevzner Rozenbaum Mayzel Peysakhovich Rozenkrants Lebenzon Mazo Pinkhusov Rozin Lebin Meerovich Pinsker Rozman Lebind Melman Pinus Rozovsky Lefner Meltser Plavnik Rubin Lerner Men Pliner Rubinchik Levin Meyer Plotkin Rubinshteyn Levinson Meyerkhold Polyansky Rukhman Levintov Meyerson Ponizovsky Rumanovsky Levit Milner PortnOY Ruvinsky Levitin Minkin Portnoy Ryvkin Levitsky Mirkin Prezent Ryvlin Leybkind Mordkovich Prigozhin Leybov Mordukhovich Prilutsky Sabler Leybzon Pritsker Sakhnovich Leyfman Nakharnkin Pulkin Saminsky Leykin Natan Pyatigorsky Sandler Libin Natanovich Seminsky Lifshits Natanson Rabikovich Shapiro Likhtenshteyn Nayshul Rabin Shatskin Lipkin Nedlin Rabinovich Shatsman Lokshin Neginsky Rakovshchik Shekhtman Loshinker Nekharnkin Ram Sher Lukatsky Neyman Rappoport Shereshevsky Lukhman Neymark Rashragovich Sherman 108 The Jews of Moscow, Kiev and Minsk Table A.} (cont'd) The Most Common Jewish Surnames in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (n=405) Sheylin Strokovsky Volfson Sheynis Svecharnik Volodarsky Shifman Sverdlik Volynsky Shifrin Sverdlov Vorovich Shifris Sviridov Vorovsky Shikhman Vortman Shilman Tabger Shkolnik Tomarkin Zak Shmulevich Traber Zakher Shmurak Trakhtenberg Zakhoder Shnirman Trakhtenbrod Zakhtser Shor Tubman Zaks Shpirman Tsadik Zaltsman Shpulman Tsetlin Zalmanov Shteynberg Tseydlin Zaskovich Shulman Tsimbal Zaslavsky Shustennan Tsimbalist Zeldin Shustik Tsimernan Zelkin Sigal Tsodik Zelman Simanovich Tsyperovich Zelmanovsky Simkin Zeltser Sliozberg Valdman Zeltsin Siobodinsky Varshavsky Zeltesan Siobodkin Vasserman Zelnik Sionim Vatermakhen Zenkevich Smidovich Vatsman Ziglin Smigal Vayl Zikherman Smolkin Vaynshteyn Zilberg Smorgonsky Vayserman Zilberovich Smorodinsky Vaysman Zilbershteyn Solomonik Veber Ziselts Solomonov Vesler Ziskind Sorin Veykher Zolotar Sternin Veysman Zorin Stiskin Vilner Zul Stokovsky Volf Zusman Appendix A: Methodological Notes 109 Table A.2 Frequency Distributions ofBasic Sociodemographic Variables (in per cent; n in parentheses) q7-sex Moscow education (aged 15+) male 50 preprimary I female .iQ primary 2 total 100 (1,001) incom. secondary 6 male/female sex ratio= 1.00 secondary gen. 12 Moscow rnIf sex ratio = 1.14 secondary voc. 14 incom. higher 4 q8-age higher 2Q 18-29 18 total 99 30-39 15 40-49 22 q I O-marital status 50-59 28 married 69 60-90 11 never mar 15 total 100 (1,001) sep div 10 average=46.5 s.d.=15.8 widow 1 total 101 (1,000) Moscow age 0- 9 5 qll-family size 10-19 6 1 9 20-29 8 2 26 30-39 II 3 31 40-49 14 4 22 50-59 18 5 10 60+ ~ 6 2 total 102 7 1 total 101 (1,000) q9-education average=3.l s.d.=1.3 7-8 I 9-11 13 q 12-number of children tech/prof 4 0 23 tekhnikum 14 43 someuniv 62 2 31 phd 5 3 J. drsci 1 total 100 (993) total 100 (1,001) average= l.l s.d.=.8 110 The Jews ofMoscow, Kiev and Minsk Table A.2 (cont'd) Frequency Distributions ofBasic Sociodemographic Variables (in per cent; n in parentheses) ql4-work status Moscow occupation employed 67 white collar 85 unemployed 3 blue collar 12 homemaker 4 total 100 retired 20 student 6 other 1 q29-total monthly income total 10 (1,000) (in roubles) 0-5000 28 q 15-sector if employed 5001-10000 20 state 70 10001-15000 16 private 19 15001-20000 12 both 11 20001-40000 16 total 100 (663) 40000-1 mil ~ total 100 (1,001) q 17 -occupation average=23,425 s.d.=57,137 scientist 8 median= 13,800 engineer 32 teacher 8 physician 5 q35-dwelling type lawyer I state flat 56 manual 9 priv flat 39 free profess 6 commun flat 2 govt service 7 parents' flat govtadmin 6 other 1 entrepreneur 5 total 99 (997) private manag 12 total 102 (656) Source for Moscow data: Mordechai Altshuler, "Socio-demographic profile of Moscow Jews", Jews and Jewish Topics in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 3 (16), 1991,24-40. Note: Due to weighting and missing cases, frequencies do not necessarily add up to 1,000 and percentages do not necessarily add up to 100.0. Appendix A: Methodological Notes III TableA.3 Characteristics ofNonrespondents (in per cent; n in parentheses) sex education male 58 <7 0 female ~ 7-8 2 total 100 (218) 9-11 12 tech/prof 5 age tekhnikum 9 18-29 15 some univ 69 30-39 10 phd 2 40-49 23 dr sci 50-59 28 total \00 (214) 60-90 n total 99 (213) average=48.9 s.d.=15.7 Note: Due to weighting, the frequencies reported here differ slightly from the unweighted non-response frequency reported in Chapter 1 and percentages do not necessarily add up to 100.0. Appendix B The Questionnaire 1. Questionnaire 10 number __ PART A [INTERVIEW IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION. TO BE COM­ PLETED BY INTERVIEWER IMMEDIATELY BEFORE INTERVIEW IS CON­ DUCTED.] 2. Month [SpecifY 1-12J 3. Day of Month [SpecifY 1-31J 4. Time of Day [SpecifY 1-24J s. City [SpecifY 1-3, where I=Moscow, 2=Kiev, 3=MinskJ PART B [SCREENING QUESTION. TO BE READ TO EACH RESPONDENT.] Good evening. I am helping a group of sociologists in Moscow and Toronto con­ duct a public opinion poll on Jewish emigration from Russia. We would be very grateful if you (or an adult member of your family) would answer our question- naire. I want to emphasize that your household was selected at random. All re­ sponses will be kept completely anonymous: we do not wish to ask you your name and there is no way to connect your name with your responses. It will take about an hour to answer our questions. You may refuse to answer any questions that you do not wish to answer for whatever reason. I would like to interview a person in your household eighteen years or older. If you are not alone at home I'd like to interview the adult who had the most recent birthday. 6. May I interview that person or you? yes no I 2 [If "no" go to question 179.] 112 Appendix B: The Questionnaire 113 PART C [SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS.] 7.,lnterviewer: indicate by observation whether respondent is a man or woman.' male female I 2 8. First, would you please tell me how old you are? [Interviewer: specifY figure.} ___ years 99 don't know or refused [If "under 18" say:} I am afraid that you are too young to participate in our survey. Thank you anyway for your willingness to help us, and good evening. [Ask question 9 only for those who 18 or older.] 9. What level of schooling did you complete? less than elementary middle technical- teknikum elementary school school professional school (grades 7-8) (grades 9-11) school I 2 3 4 5 at least Ph.D. Doctor of don't know or refused some Science university (Full Professor) 6 7 8 99 10.
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