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A n n u a l R e p o r t

-OF" T H E — Board of Foreign Missions

— O B ' T H E —

Un it e d Presbyterian Church

-OB'-

NORTH AMERICA

1 9 1 1 .

Containing The 52nd Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the General Assembly at Washington, Pa., May 24, 1911. Report of the Women’s Board to the General Assembly. The 56th Annual Report of the Mission in E gypt; The 55th Annual Report of the Mission in India ; The 10th Annual Report of the 5udan Mission ; General Statement of Receipts and Paym ents; &c., «See.

PHILADELPHIA :

PATTESON PRINTING HOUSE, 1840 MARKET STREET. THE CONTINUATION COMMITTBB OF THE WORLD MISSIONARY CONFERENCE, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND IQIO K' w' Smlth' ’ ■w' ° “ ^ c- A a a 5,w -T?-^sgsr’ s-McB” ' c°u“*M°,ik'’ D,hi'’

Tr h Z u d R* o m : D. J. Richter, K. Stock, J. R. Mott, Mrs. CrelgEtou, Bishop H. C. O. Moule, Mrs. Monle, J. J- H. L Oldham _ - ~ —r ’ ------, B ish o p L am b u th . F r o n t R ow : — , N . W . R o w e ll. CONTENTS.

PAGE The Board of Foreign M issions,...... 4-5 Post Office Addresses of M issionaries,...... 6-7 Statistics—Egypt...... 8 “ I n d i a , ...... 9 “ The Sudan, ...... 10 General Summary of the Entire Foreign Work, ...... 11 Historical Sketch, ...... 12 General Information, ...... 13 The Board’s Annual Report to the General A ssem bly, ...... 15 Report of General Assembly’s Com m ittee,...... 42 Appropriations of General A ssem bly, ...... 44 Report of Women’s B oard, ...... 46 Report of the Mission in E g y p t, ...... 49 Report of the Mission in India, . . . . 151 Report of the .Mission In the Sudan, 243 Alphabetical List of M issionaries,...... 267 Treasurer’s R eport, ...... 274 Act of Incorporation,...... 294 Outline of Missionary Sermons, ...... 295 TOPICAL IN D EX, ...... 2 9 7

1 3 a . X

" U n " j

5 1 - ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE The Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, ...... i Typical Moslem Characters,...... 61 Zeitun Conference for Workers Among Moslems, ...... 61 Moslem Women Carrying B urdens,...... 101 Bible Women Reading to Women Weaving Baskets,...... 101 Missionaries in Egypt in 1910, ...... 129 Mrs. E. E. Campbell, . . 155 The Rev. Samuel Martin, D. D ., ...... , ...... 155 A School Established and Supported by the Sargodha Congregation, . 189 The Bier of Gokal Chand, M. A ., ...... 189 The Theological Seminary, In dia, ...... 211 The Opening of the White Memorial Hospital and Dispensary for Women and Children,...... 227 Map of Egypt...... opp. p. 150 “ “ India...... “ “ 242 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS.

Members.

fREV. T. B. TURNBULL, D.D. 1909-1912 j MR. JOHN R. McLEAN. (MR. ROBERT KILLOUGH.

(REV. M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL.D. 1910- 19 13 ^ “ CHAS. S. CLELAND, D.D. (. “ W. M, ANDERSON, D.D.

f REV. S. G. FITZGERALD. 1911-1914 j MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER. (MR. FRED. O. SHANE.

Officers.

P r e s i d e n t .

R e v . M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL. D.. 1132 Arrott St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d i n g S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C. S . CLELAND, D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia,- Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . CHARLES R. WATSON, 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

GEORGE INNES, E sq., 200 North Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r .

ROBERT L- LATIMER, Esq., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa

Stated meeting at 1.30 o ’clock p. M., Second Tuesday in each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION. Presidents. 1859-71 Rev. Joseph T. Cooper, D.D. 1871-93 “ W. W. Barr, D.D. 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D.D. Corresponding Secretaries. 1859-93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D.D. 1893-02 “ W. W. Barr, DD. 1902- “ Charles R. Watson. Recording Secretaries. 1859-66 Rev. F. Church. .1866-68 “ Thos. H . Hanna, D.D. 1868-71 “ F. Church. 1871-74 S. C. Huey. 1874-76 Rev. J. C. W ilson. 1876-78 Joseph D. McKee. 1878-80 Rev. J. B. W hitten. 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D.D. 1882-96 “ D. W. Collins, D.D. 1896- “ C. S. Cleland, D.D. Treasurers. 1859-74 Thos. B. Rich. 1874-79 . William Getty. 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee. 1893- Robert L- Latimer.

MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION. 1859-61 Rev. J. T. Pressly, D.D. 1876-08 Rev. James Crowe, D,D. 1859-74 “ J. T. Cooper, D .D . 1878-93 Mr. Robt. T. Elliott. 1859-751 “ J. B. Dales, D.D. 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D.D. 1859-63 “ G. C. Arnold. 1882-99 Rev. D. W. Collins, D.D. 1859-80 “ F. Church. 1883-89 “ I. T. Wright. 1859-60 “ H. H. Blair, 1889- “ M. G. K yle, D.D(. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson. 1890-93 “ W. M. Gibson, D.D. 1859-76 “ SC Huey. 1890-04 Mr. Wm. Neely. 1859-64 “ T. B. R ich . 1893* “ R. H. Ferguson. 1860-61 Rev. T. H Beveridge. 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald. 1861-94t “ W. W. Barr, D.D. 1893- Mr. Robert L- Latimer. 1861-66 “ James Prestly, D.D. 1894-08 “ Samuel Walker. 1863-68 Mr. J- M. Wallace. 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland,D.D. 1864-95 “ Thos. Stinson. 1895* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott. 1864-80 Rev. Wm. H. Getty. 1896-03 “ Wm. A. Brown. 1866-68 “ T. H. Hanna, D.D. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson. 1868-76 “ W. C. Jackson. 1903- Rev. T. B. Turnbull, D.D. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander. 1903- Mr. John R. McLean. 1869-75 Rev. J. M. H utchinson. 1903-07 “ James S. McCracken. 1874-76 “ J. C. W ilson, D .D. 1904* “ Robt H. Ferguson. 1875-90 “ S. G. Fitzgerald. 1905- “ F. O. Shane. 1876-93 Mr. Jos. D. McKee. 1907- “ Robert Killough. 1876-83 Rev. J. B. W hitten.

* Elected but did not serve. t Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1911-12 * EO-TPT. Rev. C. C. Adam s,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ J. R. Alexander, D.D., .... Assiut, Egypt. Prof. Chas. S. B e ll, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. J. H oward B o y d ,| ...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Wm. R. Coventry, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Dr. H. L. F in ley, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Thos. J. Finney, D.D., .... Crafton, Pa. “ John Giffen, D.D., ...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. A. F. Grant,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l G. H a rt, ...... Zakazik, Egypt. Dr. V. M. Henrv,| ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson,...... Tanta, Egypt. Prof. W. W. Hickman, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Mr. F. S. Hoyman...... Cairo, Egypt. Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D.,§ .... Cairo, Egypt. “ J. K ruidenier...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Neal McClanahan,...... Cairo, Egypt. Prof. R obt. S- M cClenahan...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Wm. I,. McClenahan, § .... Assiut, Egypt. “ Ralph G. McGill,...... New Wilmington, Pa. address.) each to added be should Mission {American Dr. W. T. M oore, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. H. E. Philips...... Alexandria, Egypt. Dr. A. W. Pollock, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Rev. W. H. R eed , ...... Beni Suef, Egypt. Prof. Chas. P. Russell,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thom pson,...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ R. W. W alker,...... Pulaski, Pa. “ Andrew Watson, D.D ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ S. A. Work ...... Benha, Egypt. Mr. C. A. Wilson, ...... Alexandria, Egypt. Miss Alda B. Atchison, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Margaret A. B ell, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ Carrie M. Buchanan § ...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Ida L. Cabeen,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna B. C risw ell,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Helen J. Ferrier,...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney,...... Beloit, Kans. “ Elsie M. French,...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ Alfaretta H am m ond,...... Cedarville, O. “ Rena L- Hogg,§ ...... Assiut, Egypt. “ Mary Kerr,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ EUa.O. K yle, ...... •'.••• Cairo, Egypt. “ Eula McClenahan,...... Alexandria. Egypt. “ Anna M. McConaughy, .... New Concord, O. “ Leonora'J. McDowell,^ .... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Carol E. McMillan, ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ E . R ox y M a r t i n , ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Loretta A. Mitchell,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden,§ ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Lillian J. Pieken,...... Benha, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Smith,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ E- Dorcas Teas,...... Assiut, Egypt. ‘ ‘ Anna Y . T h om p son ,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna B. Watson, M.D., .... Tanta, Egypt. “ Laura B. W alker, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ruth A. W ork, ...... Fort Morgan, Col. T H E ECa-TT^TI^-iT STTIDBIT. Rev. J Kelly Giffen, D .D .,...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. C. B. Guthrie,...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Thos. A. Lambie...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Elbert McCreery,...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. D. S. O y ler, ...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Geo. A. Sow ash,...... 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Mr. R. W. T idrick, ...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Miss Fannie G. Bradford...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. “ Anna Barackman, ...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan. «Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. g Expected to sail from United States to foreign field in fall of 191 x. NOTE— Foreiirn postage is five cents per ounce For further information see page 13. POST-OFFICE ADDRESSES OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1911-11* IZfcTXJ X ^ . Rev. Wm. B. A nderson,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ W. T. Anderson, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ J. W. Ballantyne, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jas. S. Barr, D .D .,...... New Wilmington, Pa. “ W m . J. Brandon, Ph.D ., .... Pasrur, Punjab, India. Dr. M. M. Brown,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. Rev. A. B. C aldw ell,...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ E. E. Campbell, ...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. G. C a m p b ell,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers, . . . . East Liverpool, O., Station A. “ Osborne Crowe,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ David R. Gordon,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Thos. E- Holliday, D.D., . . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India “ J. H. Martin, D .D ., ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Robt. M axwell,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ J. A. M cArthur, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Jno. A. McConnelee, ...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ W. M. M cKelvey,§ ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India.

“ H. S. Nesbitt,...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. address.) each to added be should Mission (American Prof. Wm. E. Nicoll...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. S. C. Picken,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ E. L- Porter, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. A. J. R a n s o n , } ...... Montgomery, Punjab, India. “ T. L- Scott, D .D ., ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. H . Stewart, ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Robert Stewart, D.D. LL.D., . Sialkot, Punjab, India. Miss Minnie R. Alexander,% .... Montgomery, Punjab, India. “ Emma D. Anderson,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ R om a B e a tty ,...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Hazel Bennett...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Lena S. Brotherston ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Lois Buchanan,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Mary J. Cam pbell...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland,§ ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Kate M. Corbett,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta M. Cowden,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Laurella G. Dickson ...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth G. G ordon,...... Pattersonville, N. Y. “ Ella M. Gordon ...... Pattersonville, N. Y. “ Nancy A. Hadley, ...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Anna M. Hamilton, \ ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. Hamilton, ...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Winifred E. T. Heston, M_T»., . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Kate A. H ill, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Margaret C. H orm el, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson, ...... Petrolia, Pa. “ Mary Kyle, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Eltlabeth. Lawrence, ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Maty A. Lawrence,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ M#y E. Logan, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Fannie C. M a rtin ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary R. Martin, . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie E . M a rtin ,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. Josephine Martin, ..... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth M cCahon, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. Alice M cC lure,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Miss Lillian A. McConnell, § . . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India, “ Rosa A. McCullough,...... Greenwood, Jackson Co., Mo. “ Emma M. Minger...... W. Tenth St., Indianapolis, Ind. “ Henrietta M oore, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie B. M orrison...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M.D., . . Christiansburg, Va. “ Nannie J. Spencer,...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Josephine L. White, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Mana White, M .D.,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Cynthia E. W ilson,...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M. W ilson, ...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Rosa T. W ilson,...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. ♦Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safelv. ^Expected to sail from United States to foreign field in fall of 1911. jf Missionary of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church NOTE Foreign postage is five cents per ounce For further information see page 13. 8 Annual Report— Egypt Statistics.

EGYPT. S T A T IS T IC S , JA N U A R Y 1, 1911.

Population of our field in Egypt ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 19 Professors in College* ...... 4 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries, Men* ...... 5 Medical Missionary, Woman* ...... 1 N urse* ...... 1 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 124 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 25

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 81 Assistant Physicians ...... 2 Assistant Physician, wife ...... 1 Assistant Teachers ...... 27 Matrons ...... 3 Assistant Nurses ...... 14 47

Total Foreign Workers*...... 128 Native Ordained MinistersJ ...... 58 Licentiates^ ...... 10 Other Native Workers ...!...... 603

Total Native Workers ...... 671

Total Workers, Native and Foreign* ...... 799 Mission Districts ...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 72 Other places where services are held regularly ...... 201 Congregations self-supporting ...... 22 Total Membership ...... 11,200 Received by Profession in 1910 ...... 724 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 30,000 Sabbath Schools ...... 193 Teachers in these ...... 524 Scholars in these ...... 16,153 Theological Seminary ...... 1 Collegesf ...... „ ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools ...... 28 Village Schools ...... •••••••...... 165

Total Number of Schools ...... 196 Students in Theological Seminary ..... 18 Studénts in Colleges ...... 783 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 5,591 Students in Village Schools ...... 11,355

Total Number of Students in all Schools ...... 17,747 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church W ork ...... $70,095 Paid by Natives for all purposes ...... $209,024

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. JThe Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its statistics are given separately on page 266.

N. B.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 145-160. Annual Report— India Statistics. 9

INDIA.

STATISTICS, JANUARY 1, 1911.

Population of our Field in India ...... 5.075,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 22 Layman* i ;...... 1 Medical Missionary, Man* ...... 1 Medical Missionaries; -Women* ...... 3 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... , ...... 37 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 23

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 87 Assistant Teachers ...... 3

Total Foreign Workers* ...... 90 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 34 Licentiates ...... 10 Other Native Workers ...... 421

Total Native Christian Workers ...... 465 Other Workers ...... 197

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 752 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... 43 Other places where Services are held ...... 356 Congregations, self-supporting ...... 28 Total Membership ...... 24,352 Received by Profession in 1910 ...... 3,101 Net Increase in 1910 ...... 2,521 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 46,451 Sabbath Schools ...... 181 Teachers in these ...... 281 Scholars in these ...... 8,369 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools ...... 4 Middle Schools ...... 7 Primary Schools ...... 186 Industrial Schools ...... 2

Total Number of Schools ...... 201 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 26 Students in College ...... 131 Number of Pupils in High Schools ...... 3,520 Pupils in Middle Schools ...... 1,809 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 5,298 Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 219

Total Number of Pupils in all Schools ...... 11,003 Hospitals ...... 4 Dispensaries ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church AVork ...... $5,340 Paid by Natives for all Purposes ...... $22,020

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on the field.

N. 3.— More detailed statistics may be found on pages 235-238. IO Annual Repot t— Sudan Statistics.

THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN.

STATISTICS, JANUARY 1, 1911.

Ordained Missionaries* ...... 4 Laymen* ...... 2 Medical Missionaries (Men)* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Unmarried* ...... 2 Women Missionaries, Wives* ...... 6

Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment* ...... 10 Native Ordained Minister ...... 1 Teachers ...... 13

Total Native Workers ...... 14

Total Foreign and Native Workers ...... 30 Main Stations ...... 4 Organized Congregation ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 10 Received by Profession ...... 8 Total Membership ...... 141 Primary Schools ...... 6 Industrial Schools ...... 1

Total Number of Schools ...... 7 Pupils in Primary Schools ...... 665 Pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 14

Total Number of Pupils ...... 67Ü Dispensaries or Clinics ...... ^ Native Contributions for Church W o rk ...... $1,028 Native Contributions for all purposes ...... $4,625

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field.

N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on page eAnnual Report— General Summary. i i

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE WORK.

STATISTICS, JANUARY 1, 1911.

Total population of our Foreign Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,075,000 Ordained Missionaries ...... 45 Professors in College ...... 4 Women Missionaries, Wives ...... 54 Women Missionaries, Unmarried ...... 63 Medical Missionaries, Men 8, Women 4 ...... 12 Nurse ...... 1 Laymen ...... 5

Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment.. 184 Assistant Physicians ...... 2 Assistant Teachers ...... 30 Assistant Nurses ...... 14 Others ...... 4 50

Total Foreign Workers ...... 234 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 93 Licentiates ...... 20 Other Native Workers ...... 1,234

Total Native Workers ...... 1,347

Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... 1,581 Mission Districts ...... 24 Synods ...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 8 Organized Congregations ...... 116 Other places where services are held ...... 567 Congregations self-supporting ...... ■ 50 Total Membership ...... 35,693 Received by Profession in 1910 ...... 3,833 Net Gain in Membership in 1910 ...... 3,013 Total Christian Evangelical Community ...... 76,591 Sabbath Schools ...... 374 Teachers in these ...... 805 Scholars in these ...... 24,522 Theological Seminaries ...... i ...... 2 Colleges ...... 3 Boarding and High Schools ...... 39 Village and Day Schools ...... 357 Industrial Schools ...... 3

Total Number of Schools ...... 404 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 44 Students in Colleges ...... 914 Students in Boarding and High Schools ...... 10,920 Students in Village and Day Schools ...... 17,318 Students in Industrial Schools ...... 233 Total Number of Students ...... 29,429 Hospitals ...... 6 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 16 Native Contributions for Church W ork ...... $77,063 Paid by Natives for all purposes...... $236,269 12 Annual Report— Historical Sketch.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of North América came into existence in 1858, through the union of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The .first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. A t that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting*of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had beer inaugurated by the two branches of the Church pxior to the union. Circum­ stances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada) ; the China Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presby­ terian Church of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,000 of the 1 1 ,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. • The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government districts of the Punjab, with a popu­ lation of inore than 5,000,000; ad joinings though, as. yet- unoccupied, terri­ tory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now’ a separate and definite organization of its owo, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY, 1843—1908. (Revised every five years.)

The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the first sailed, July. 14, 1843, until January 1, 1908, is 307; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and thirty-six missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in E gypt; o f these 38 were ordained men, 1 layman, 2 college professors, 10 physicians, (7 men, 3- women) ; 2 nurses, and 43 other unmar­ ried women; the remainder being Wivtes of missionaries. Since the estab­ lishment of the Mission, 63 have retired or died. One hundred and twenty-four missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 33 were ordained men, 2 college professors, 1 layman, 6 physicians, (1 man, 5 women) ; 45 other unmarried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mis­ sion, --38 have retired or died. Fourteen missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in the Sudan. Of these, 4 were ordained men, 1 layman, 3 physicians, 2 un­ married women, and 4 wives of missionaries. Annual Report General Information. 13 GENERAL INFORMATION. Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson or Mr. George Innes, 200 N Fifteenth Street, Phila­ delphia, Pa. Letters relating to Finances should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

C orrespondence w it h M issionaries . Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to directions on pages 6 and 7.

P o s t a g e t o E g y p t , I n d ia & T h e S u d a n . Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, 8 cents additional to other postage.

M o n e y V a l u e s ..

India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice % o f an Anna or }£ a cent. Egypt- 10 Milliemes (=formerly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) = about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters — one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound { £ E ) = 100 piasters = about five dollars.

F o r m s o f B e q u e s t . “I do give and bequeath the sum of dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. ’ ’ Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows : “ I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” (describe the property) “unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors forever.”

A n n u i t i e s . Those who wish their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con­ sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you betome your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the funds. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to Robert L . Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia. THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE Board of Foreign Missions

OE THE United Presbyterian Church

TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1911 .

|HE Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian _____ Church presents to the General Assembly its Fifty-second Annual Report. The facts with which this Report has to u— do awaken a sense of gratitude to God; they provide fresh and inspiring proof of the power o f the Gospel; they witness in a marvelous way to the efficacy of prayer; and they afford abundant assurance of the presence and leadership of our Living Lord in this enterprise of world conquest upon which He has sent forth His Church. This Report naturally and necessarily deals almost exclusively with the work committed to our own Church to perform, but even that work cannot be properly understood without a recognition of the relation it bears to the great movement of world missions of which it is a part. And the year with which this Report deals has been marked by an event which reminds us anew of the unity and solidarity of the missionary enterprise throughout the world. We refer to the World Missionary Conference held in the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, last June. It is not possible, within the limits of a single paragraph, to indicate the service which this ecumenical gathering has rendered to the Church of Christ and to the cause of missions, in stimulating to a new and scientific study of the missionary problems, in placing a new emphasis upon the spiritual character of the missionary enterprise, and in awakening a deeper 16 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

sense of unity among the various branches of the Church of Christ- The late President Harrison described the service which the World’s Missionary Conference of 1900 rendered along this line as follows: “Once, in an advance of our army, the commander of a regiment could see no more than half of his own line, while the supports to his right and left were wholly hidden. T o him it seemed as if his battalion was making an unsupported assault. The extended line, the reserve, were matters of faith. But one day the advancing army broke suddenly from the brush into a savannah—a long, narrow, natural meadow-—^and the army was revealed. From the center, far to the right and left, the distinctive corps, division, brigade and regimental colors appeared, and associated with each of these was one flag that made the army one. A mighty spontaneous cheer burst from the whole line, and every soldier tightened his grip upon his rifle and quickened his step. What the savannah did for that, army this World’s Conference of Missions should do for the Church.” The Edinburgh Conference of 1910 may claim to have rendered not only a like service to the later decade to which it belonged, but a more perfect service because of its more widely representa­ tive character. Because of this new vision which has been brought, reveal­ ing the oneness of this world missionary enterprise, it is ours to realize in a deeper way than ever in the past the importance of our Church’s part in this holy warfare and to feel a new sense of responsibility for faithfulness in our own appointed sphere of service, that the Kingdom of our Lord throughout the world may be hastened in this “decisive hour of Christian missions.” To the value and significance which our missionary achievements possess either in themselves or for our Church, we may add the value and significance which they possess for the great move­ ments of the army of Christ in all the world. And to the inspira­ tion which we derive from our own successes, we may now add that still greater inspiration which comes from the triumphant progress of the world missionary enterprise. In considering the work committed to our Church to perform, we will first review the events of the past year and then consider plans proposed for the year immediately before us.

L-THE PAST YEAR. Each mission field requires separate consideration, for in many respects these fields present points of dissimilarity and contrast, rather than points of agreement and likeness. During the past year, the results of a government census taken in 1907 have 1. IN EGYPT. been published. The population of Egypt, it appears, has increased during the de­ cade of 1897-1007, about 16 per cent. It is interesting to note that our native Church m em bership during Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. 17

that same decade advanced from 5355 to 9349, an advance of over 74 per cent. With an increase of seven hundred and twenty-four during the past year, the membership of our native Church now num­ bers 11,200. And this increase in numbers, so the Report definite­ ly states, means real development in the life of Egypt along the lines of personal effort for the. salvation of others, growth in the prayer life, and witness bearing. The development of a reform movement in the Coptic Church is especially referred to. Thousands in this ancient church are coming to see their need of light and making an effort to meet that need,— doing evangelistic work in the villages, conducting prayer meetings, even holding meetings for women, and in other ways following the methods of our Mission. The changing attitude of the Coptic Church toward our work is also cause for gratitude, many of the clergy recognizing and acknowledging the debt they owe to the Mission. One of their Bishops gave expression to this in remarking to Mr. Roosevelt while in Egypt: “The American Mission has done a great work for Egypt, for it has taught us to read our Bibles.” The follow­ ing from a native pastor, in speaking of the influence of the Mis­ sion and Protestant Church in disseminating the truth, is signi­ ficant :

“The Church in Egypt is like a great vine, reaching from one end of the valley to the other. Signs of life are in it, and it needs but the Spirit of the Lord to blow upon it and it will break forth into fruit-abundant, both among Mohammedans and Christians. ‘Turn again, we beseech Thee, O God of Hosts; look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine.’ ”

The year just closing is memorable for the many efforts made in behalf of the followers of Islam. It surely is a cause for thanksgiving to God that the call for prayer in behalf of the Moslem World on the part of the followers of the Nazarene, has had such response in the awakening of interest among Moslems. Special reference is made in the Report to the Annual Prayer Conference at Cairo, when, through the message of Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., of Arabia, both missionaries and native workers were convinced of the need for greater sympathy and more prayer and effort in behalf of their brethren, the Mohammedans. Referring to the awakening of interest on the part of a num­ ber of Moslems, a missionary w rites:

“One of these men studied the life of Christ until he became convinced that, both in thp Gospel and in the Koran, he found convincing proof that Christ was really crucified. In his private meditations over his newly- found light, it dawned also upon him that if Christ was crucified, then His crucifixion has a meaning for the world. From that day be began to testify to that truth and crowned his testimony one night by declaring to about twenty Moslems his conviction and faith in Christ. As was to be expected, they were all indignant at him and threatened his life, eo that he was obliged to give up his position and find a livelihood elsewhere.” 18 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

Illustrating further the results of the study of the Scriptures, we quote the following: “Another Moslem has steadily pursued his study of the Scriptures, mostly privately , coming to me at times with questions, and gives as his experience that two years ago he was repeating various verses of the Koran, and among them one where Christ is called, ‘The Word of God and Spirit from Him.’ This expression, ‘Spirit from Him’ caught his attention in a new light and he repeated it over and over, ‘Spirit from God,’— until his soul was moved by the conviction that Christ was more than a man. He went on repeating these words until he finally exclaimed, ‘Christ is the Son of God.’ From that time he sought for a missionary— and was fully assured that God was leading him into the light.” Persecution, too, has had a part, as it so often does, in the de­ velopment of converts from Islam, as is evidenced by the follow­ in g : "One man has been boycotted so thoroughly that he has been thrown out of three positions because of his quiet, changed and purer life through Christ. Another is chased by a cruel older brother, until he is almost driven to desperation. In his case, appeal was made to the chief of police, who is an Englishman, but who said he could do nothing, as it was their principle to ignore the religious question in Egypt. On being ap­ proached on behalf of a young policeman, who wants to be baptized, some guarantee was sought that he would in his Administration, see that no boycotting would be allowed, but ho declined, saying, ‘I would rather that man ceased studying Christianity.’ ” The large increase in Native Contributions will be noted as a real cause for thankfulness. For Church purposes alone, $70,695 was contributed this year as against $50,155 last year, while al­ most $11,000 more than last year was contributed to educational work. Thirty-one thousand five hundred and twelve dollars of an increase in contributions from the Egyptian Mission alone, a comparison altogether favorable to our Foreign Church when we take into consideration the advance in the contributions of the Home Church. In this connection, we quote the following from the Report: “Middle Egypt Presbytery has been richly blessed in that six calls have been made out and accepted during the year, six new pastorates formed; and this notwithstanding the fact, that Synod demands that each con­ gregation pay two-thirds of the pastor’s salary. ***** Yet it is im­ possible to look at the field at large and the great number of towns and villages still unoccupied without deep heart yearnings for more native workers and means to carry on the work.”

STATISTICS FOR EGYPT. Foreign .W orkers: (January J, 1911); ordained, 19; Professors, 4: Laymen, 2; Medical. 6 (men. 5; women, 1); Nurse 1; other unmarried women, 24; wives of missionaries, 25. Total foreign missionaries, 81. Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 58 ; licentiates, 1 0 ; other native workers, 603. Total native force, 671.

The Native Church: Synod, 1 ; presbyteries, 4 ; organized congrega­ tions, 72 ; out-stations, 201. Membership, 11,200; (men, 5,821; women, 5,379); increase by profes­ sion, 724; net increase, 483; attendance at Sabbath morning services. 21,986; Protestant community, 30,000 (estimated). Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 19

Sabbath Schools, 193 ; teachers, 524 ; pupils, 16,153 ; contributions, $2820. Educational, W ork: Total schools, 196; total teachers, 497; total pu­ pils, 17,747. ' ' Central Schools: Theological Seminary, 1;. pupils, 18. Assiut Collège, pupils, 825. Other central schools, -29.; pupils, 4,019. - Total central schools, 31; pupils, 6,392. ... Out-station schools, 165 ; pupils, 11,355...... Medical W ork: Hospitals, 3; in-patients, 3,365. , " Native Contributions: , For Church purposes, $70,695 ; for educational work, $!>7,89G ; for medical work, $25,102 ; book receipts, $15,871. Total receipts from native sources, $209,624.

The mission in India has in recent years been witnessing ingathering’s which are 2. IN INDIA. nothing less than phenomenal. The past year shows a remarkable continuance of these gracious manifestations of the work of the Holy Spirit. Three thousand one hundred and one were added to the Church on confession of faith. The total member­ ship of our Church in India now reaches the high figure of 24,352, or one-seventh of our Church’s entire membership at home and abroad. And the significance of these figures lies in the fact that in the last five years the membership of this Indian Church has more than doubled, while in the last decade it has multiplied itself three and a half times. The district of Sangla takes the lead in the number of accessions on confession of faith, reporting 532 accessions, while the district of Pasrur shows almost an equal record, reporting 515. While it is the part of spiritual strategy to press the advantage where sûèh successes are possible, it must not be inferred that labor is lost when expended upon so difficult a field as the district of Jhelum in which but six accessions are recorded. All sowings do not mature at the same time. The greatest successes of our work in India, however, may lie in another direction than that of numbers. The Report of the Mission lays great emphasis upon the spiritual development of those within the Church :

‘‘The greatest encouragement comes from the new Christians. They refuse to be content with present attainment's, and are proving teachers of those who are older in the Christian life, but less enthusiastic. Many of them are eager to learn more and u*e what they have learned of Chris­ tian truth in efforts to reach their non-Christian brethren. ; They also show that they have tasted and seen that the Lord is good by urging upon workers and missionaries the visiting and instructing of their non- Christian neighbors and relatives, so that they too, may decide for Christ. Another encouragement is the increased number of men and women who are able to lead in prayer in public; an evidence that they meet with God in private.”

The following quotation emphasizes further the value of this intensive development : 20 Annual Report— The Past Year in India.

“ The elders of our congregations and the leading men of the different villages were called in for a three days’ conference on the spiritual life of the Church, the eradication of old heathen marriage and funeral cus­ toms and superstitions, which are still believed in and practiced by a con­ siderable number of Christians, and the building up of a new vigorous life in our Christian village community. Great interest was taken in the conference and the spiritual results were good. The last meeting was taken in charge by two of our Indian ministers and without the knowledge of the missionaries they began calling for volunteers who would pledge their tenth for the Lord. There was an excellent response from the aud­ ience of 300 and 100 enrolled themselves as tithers.” The progress made in self-support during the past year is again full of encouragement. The Indian Church has increased its con­ tributions 19 per cent, during 1910, and 51 per cent, during the last two years. Three new congregations have been added to the roll of self-supporting Churches during the past year. The methods pursued to effect a congregational organization and the difficulties encountered in developing a self-supporting congrega­ tion are suggested by the following paraj^aph:

“ The congregation to be organized consists of small bands of village Christians, one to twenty families in each, scattered through 10 or 12 villages several miles apart. Each village must be visited before the gen­ eral meeting, the people awakened to a realization of what is done, and the amount of each subscription toward the pastor’s salary secured over the thumb mark of the subscriber.”

A true survey of the work in India must recognize the existence of opposition as well as of response, of rejection as well as of ac­ ceptance. Yet even persecution has often served only to make more conspicuous the grace of God.

“A Brahman boy about seventeen years of age requested baptism. He was taken to court by his relatives, but there witnessed for Christ. By false promises, he was persuaded to go to his father and, for two months, was bound with chains and tortured. When he escaped and returned to the missionaries he was baptized. His witness is leading not a few to think seriously of taking a stand for Christ!” • From Jhelum, the district already described as showing but little response as yet, comes the following account:

“We visit mostly the common Mohammedan women. Some of them read and many of them show a real interest in the Bible lesson. Some of thpm say they believe, but are not willing to openly confess. Some­ times there is an insolent rejection of us and the Message, and in very truth we taste what it means to be despised and rejected with our Master, but it is enough for the disciple that he be as his Master and the servant as his Lord.”

The supreme fact to be faced— supreme because it bulks largest in any survey of the field— is the vast extent of the territory ab­ solutely untouched by our missionary agencies, yet claimed by our Church as the field for which it is responsible. Here is a pop­ ulation almost equal to that of the State of Indiana. It comprises 35 cities and 9,339 villages. In only 1242 of these are there any Christians to be found, so that 8132 villages are left without Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 21

any living witness to the Christ Who died to save men. There have been gathered out of heathenism, as a result of our past labors, 46,451 Christians and Christian adherents. It is as if, out of the entire State of Indiana, only the inhabitants of the City of Fort Wayne were Christians; or as if, out of a pop­ ulation greater than that of Ohio, less than the population of Akron, were Christian. On the one hand is the problem of caring for the new convert; on the other the problem of reach­ ing the unreached. One missionary writes:

"We have tried with a little handful of Indian workers to care for 4410 of the Master’s sheep in the unorganized centers of our field. The harvest has truly been great, yes greater than ever before, and yet this very' fact, that causes our hearts to sing for joy, increases our responsibil­ ity. Our meetings are held when and where we can get the people gathered together during the day and we almost always have a night meeting either in the tent or in the villages. Often it is 9.20 P. M., when the people are free from work and ready for the meeting, which seldom closes before U P. M.”

Another missionary writes:

“Probably more than nineteen-twentieths of the people have not had an opportunity of hearing the Gospel, even once, during the twelve months.” The visit to India of the representatives of the Women’s Board, Mrs. H. C. Campbell and Mrs. J. B. Hill, finds very hearty endorsement in the report of the Mission in India, this visit falling within the scope of this year’s report from India. Future years will unfold the value of this visit in the direction oi stimulating a still deeper interest in the work, unfolding more perfectly the needs of the field, and explaining the methods of missionary work, but already the visit has justified itself in the new courage it has brought to the missionaries in India and the assurance it has given them of the sympathy of the Home Church in this, our most distant mission field. During the year 1910, the Mission in India was called upon to mourn the loss of the Rev. J. Herbert Morton and Mrs. Grace C. Campbell, whose deaths were reported a year ago, and also of the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., whose life of devotion and service is recorded in a later section. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church has enlarged its missionary operations in India and has now undertaken to support a mission in Montgomery District, independent of our own, but working in the closest sympathy and harmony with our mission and missionaries.

STATISTICS FOR INDIA. Foreign W orkers: (January 1, 1911); Ordained, 22; layman, 1: Medical, 4 ; (men, 1 ; women, 3 ) ; other unmarried women, 37; wives of missionaries, 23. Total foreign missionaries, 87. 22 Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan.

Native Workers: Ordained,. 34; licentiates, 10; theological students, 2tj; colporteurs, 11; Bible women, 23; Christian teachers, 205; non- Christian teachers, 197; other workers, 120 ; medical assistants, 31. Total native force, 662. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4; organized congrega­ tions, 43; unorganized circles, 354; self-supporting congregations, 28 ; with pastors, 23. Membership, 24,352; increase by profession, 3101; by certificate and restoration, 2593; decrease by death, 257; by removal and suspension, 2916; net increase, 2521; adult baptisms, 2986; infant baptisms, 2765; total Christian community, .46,451. Educational Work: Theological Seminary, 1 ; pupils, 20; college, 1; pupils, 131; high schools; 4; pupils, 3520; industrial schools, 2 ;,pupils’, 219; middle schools, 7; pupils, 1809 ; primary schools, 186; pupils, 5298. Total schools, 201; total puplis, 11,003.

Medical Work: Hospitals, 4 ;'dispensaries, 7; in-patients, 1041; fees, $904.

Native Contributions: For Church work. $5340; school work, $15,252; medical work, $904; books, $524. Total amount, $22,020.

The Sudan has long been thought of as a land in which all things were stationary and 3. IN THE SUDAN, nothing moved. However true this may have been in the early days when the Sudan was practically a hermit nation without means of communication with the outside world, such conditions, have passed away and the Report of the Mission in the Sudan is marked by a note of urgency which brooks no delay. In the North, there is a great urgency for the extension of our missionary operations, if not to follow up promising openings, at least to save from spiritual destitution our own. converts from Egypt who are scattered over the Sudan in government service.

“When Colonel Roosevelt was here,” explains the Report, “we made an attempt to get as many of these together as possible, and we found that scattered over the Sudan, from North to South, and from the Red Sea to Kordofan, there were nearly 300 who had been trained in some one of the evangelical schools of Egypt or Syria. If one missionary could spend all of his time with these, it would be a life profitably spent. Outside of Khartum but little effort has been made to keep these young men in touch with the religious life of the church. Some correspondence has been attempted, but it is working at the wrong end of a long line, and at very great disadvantage. Something definite should be done to prevent them from drifting into sin, and away from Christ and the Christ life.” To a little isolated group of such Christians, some Bibles and psalm books had been sent, and the following was the pathetic appeal which formed a part of the letter acknowledging the gift: “ There is no religious meeting of any Christian creed in this. Province, so, in order not to be deprived of the worship o f God, tw o .o f us have established such a meeting, trusting that with the help of the Lord, the same may l e as leaven in the Province. Kindly send me two more Bibles, as most of the brethren have no books. Remember us in prayer.” Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan. 23

In the South, the urgency for an extension of our work is to be found in the need for resisting the threatening advance of Islam into pagan territory. It will be remembered that of all the pressing duties resting upon the Church, the World Missionary Confer­ ence at Edinburgh placed this duty second in importance, ranking it next to the critical claims to be found in China. And the Lucknow Conference of Workers among Moslems also called attention to Africa as the Continent upon which Christendom should mass its forces at once, so as to avert the impending dan­ ger of the entire continent becoming possessed by Islam. How insidious Islamic progress is, will be seen from the following para­ graph : “The army is everywhere an active and powerful force in the propaga­ tion of Islam. It is composed almost entirely of Mohammedans and is constantly recruiting from the various tribes. After a term of service in the army, practically none ever return to their villages anything but Mohammedans. It is safe to say that within a very few weeks of the time of enrollment, almost every Sudanese is circumcised, and straightway is made a Mohammedan. After leaving the army, many of these become preachers of Islam to their tribes. These tribes are all accessible to the Gospel now, but just as Mohammedanism enters, will Christianity find entrance more difficult, if it is not debarred altogether.’' Missionary work in the North has move chiefly along educa­ tional, medical and evangelistic lines. In the South, medical work has been most unfortunately interrupted by the removal of the doctor, while the industrial work has had a wider field for varied activities because of the prevalence of famine conditions driving the natives to the missionary for help and co-operation. Grain was provided at a low price and cattle were taken in exchange.

“Some six hundred animals were taken in exchange,” says the Report. “Many were resold within a few minutes after they were traded for. Shullas who had money to spare came to take advantage of the famine prices, so that our Mission became a center of live stock exchange. It was no uncommon sight to see a crowd of Dinkas or Nuers, accompanied by Shulla buyers, coming with their stock to trade for durra. Often the Shullas from the same village would come together as seller and buyer, the one wishing to buy cattle that his neighbor wanted to sell. When asked why they did not make an exchange in the village, and the seller bring his money for durra, they always replied that they preferred to make the exchange through us.”

Explorations made up the Sobat River have opened the way for the establishment of a new station among the Nuers or the Anyoks, if only the funds can be secured. It is now some four years since this advance was first seriously urged, but the proposal has failed of realization for lack of funds. I>uring the past year, ths Board succeeded in arranging for the study of the Shulla language by a German specialist in African languages, Professor J. Westermann. Learning that Professor Westermann was to visit Nubia in connection with another pro­ ject, the Board proposed to this eminent linguist that he visit the Sudan at the Board’s expense and spend such time in the Southern 24 Annual Report— The Past Year in America.

Sudan as might be found necessary to discover the general gram­ matical structure of the Shulla language. Professor Westermann very graciously acceded to the Board’s request and spent a number of weeks on the Sobat in these linguistic investigations. His -ac­ quaintance with a large number of African languages and dialects enabled him to recognize quickly the salient features of the difficult Shulla speech, which has so long baffled our missionaries. Professor Westermann was indeed able to confirm many of the previous findings of our missionaries, while he corrected others, and again went beyond others in new discoveries of the laws of the Shulla language. Already he has placed a syllabus in manuscript form, at the disposal of our missionaries for language study, and a large work is now in process of preparation. The Board regards this linguistic investigation as one of the most’ important events in the history and development of the Sudan Mission. Professor Westermann has offered, in an informal way, some very interesting suggestions as to the racial type presented by the Shulla. He says:

“The Shilluks are not pure Sudan negroes, but have a strong admix­ ture of what is called the Hamitic people, that is, such a people as are represented today by the Berbers in North Africa, the Fulbe (Fellata) in Central Africa, the Somali, Galla, and Masai in Eastern Africa. These so-called Hamitic people are, as is now generally admitted among anthro­ pologists, of common origin with the Semitic and the Indogermanic race. They are a race quite different from the negroes; they belong to what we call the Lord-race, proud, independent, conquering nations, cattle herding, not agriculturists.”

STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. Foreign W orkers: (January 1, 1911) ; Ordained, 4; Medical (men) 2; Laymen, 2; wives of missionaries, 6 ; women missionaries, unmarried, 2. Total foreign missionaries, 16. Northern Sudan: Organized congregation, 1; preaching stations, 11; native worker, ordained, 1; communicants, 142; day schools, 6 ; pupils, 679; fees, $1698; medical treatments, 2500.

Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 3650. Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $1028; Educational work. $1698; medical work, $1500; book receipts; $400. Total receipts from native sources, $4625.

The year 1910-11 may be described as a year of continued and sustained mission- 4. IN AMERICA. . ary education and agitation. The national missionary campaign of the year 1909-10, under the leadership of the Laymen’s Mis­ sionary Movement, opened innumerable doors formerly closed to every appear of missions. Following that dramatically suc­ cessful series of city conventions which swept the country, came the problem of conserving the interest aroused, of introducing those practical methods which the movement had outlined, and Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 25

of endeavoring to realize the vision which had been lifted of an ideal missionary Church.

(a) Associate Secretary: In November, 1910, the Rev. W. B. Anderson sailed for India after having served the interests of the foreign work as Associate Secretary for almost two years. During these two years Mr. Anderson commended himself to the Church and to the Board by his untiring service and by his efficient administration of the work committed to his hands. His leadership and labors were marked by a profound recognition of the spiritual character and significance of the missionary enter­ prise. To his leadership the Church responded with sympathy. The Board’s desire was that Mr. Anderson might continue to serve the interests of the work as Associate Secretary, but re­ turning health and the pressing claims of India seemed to unite in making both possible and necessary his return to India, that a sorely depleted missionary force might be given some instant relief. The responsible task was then laid upon the Board to discover a successor to Mr. Anderson. By steps which seem altogether providential, but which need not be described here, the Board was led to call to this office Mr. George Innes, a layman and business man, of Minneapolis, whose interest in the missionary enterprise had led him to make a trip around the world, visiting our own and other mission fields. Mr. Innes finally accepted the call and entered upon the work. Already many sections of the Church have become directly acquainted with him and his work, and know of the extent to which both business training and natural gifts are enabling him to contribute to the success of missionary leadership and educa­ tion.

(b) Presbyterial Conferences: A method widely used during this past year to impart to the Church a knowledge of missionary facts and of successful missionary methods, has been the Presbyterial Conference. Some twelve such conferences were held, and the unanimous testimony received is, that these confer­ ences offer a unique opportunity for discussing informally and practically the problems of congregational life in relation to mis­ sions, while their spiritual character gives to them a double value. These conferences are held under the auspices of the Presby­ terial Missionary Committees. The objective is not foreign mis­ sions alone, but the development of methods and motives that are broadly missionary. The Secretary of the W ays and Means Committee, the Rev. G. E. Raitt, Synodical Superintendents, and pastors of the sections of the Church visited, have co-operated heartily in these conferences. Missionary education and or­ ganization, the every member canvass for missions,— these and kindred topics have been discussed. 26 Annual Report— The Past Year in America.

Again the Board would urge upon pastors and congregations everywhere the great importance, ( i) of appointing in every congregation a missionary committee that will serve as a perman­ ent agency for missionary agitation, (2) of conducting each year an every member canvass for subscriptions to missions, made on the basis of a weekly offering to.be contributed by the envelope plan through the regular channels. To the agitation of the Lay­ men’s Missionary Movement in 1909-10, and the follow-up cam­ paign in 1910-11, and to the aggressive canvasses in accord­ ance with the suggestions just made, may be credited the splendid financial results shown m the advance made by the living Church. (c) Other Educational. Work: For the development of mis­ sionary interest in the Sabbath School during the period of the year assigned to the Foreign Board by the rule of the Assembly, a new educational course was prepared, entitled “The Conquer­ ing Cross” course. This consisted of six handsomely enlarged half-tone pictures, each to be used on a separate Sabbath, during the closing exercises, as the basis of a missionary talk or program. A supplement provided abundant material for each program. A wall map of the Sudan served as an interesting device for regis­ tering the offerings of the school. A very large number of schools followed this course and reported a marked increase of interest in missions, while the large contributions to Foreign Missions for the year received by the Board from the Sabbath Schools of the Church proved conclusively the practical value of the cultivation of missionary interest in the Sabbath School. The Mission Study Class Movement among the young people has steadily widened its circle of influence, but unfortunately an aggressive policy for the cultivation of this department has not been possible, as the Mission Study Department has had no one to press the claim and the value of mission study class organiza­ tion. Chi August 12-21, 1910, the fifth Missionary Conference was held at New Wilmington, Pa. It is hard to describe adequately the service which this Conference is rendering-to the life of our Church along spiritual and missionary lines. Inspirational ad­ dresses, practical methods of Church work, Bible study, prayer groups, missionary addresses and Christian fellowship, are among the influences which are brought to bear upon those who attend the Conference. The result is a widening of vision, a deepen­ ing of the spiritual life, and a recognition of the will of Christ, such as must count in a far-reaching way for more willing and more efficient service for Christ and His cause. It is most gratifying to be able to announce that because of the manifest value and success of the missionary conferences held at New Wilmington, it is proposed to hold this summer, at Tarkio, Mo., a conference planned along similar lines. The Tarkio Conference is scheduled for July 21-30, 1911. This Annual Report— With Our Missionaries. 27

conference will minister, it is hoped, to a Western constituency, as the conference at New Wilmington has ministered to an Eastern constituency. Following a plan which was launched some seven years ago, a Mission Study Course was carried on among the young peo­ ple of the Church by the displacement of the regular C. E. topics and the substitution of missionary topics, in the meetings of the Young People’s Societies. A special text-book was prepared, en­ titled “ God’s Plan for World Redemption,” and a leaflet of helps to leaders was prepared, suggesting how the material of the text-book might be adapted to use in the meetings. Material was also provided in all of the Church papers. The course was taken up, we have reason to believe, by a majority of the Young People’s Societies of the Church, for over 3000 copies of the text-book were quickly disposed of. This course was practically a study of the Bible and missions. (d) The Edinburgh Conference: The significance of this great gathering has already been referred to. It is only necessary to point out here that the United Presbyterian Church was fortunately represented by a large number of delegates. The material gathered by the eight commissions reporting to this Con­ ference must continue to be, for many years, a subject of study of the greatest value to missionaries and missionary leaders. The one formal action taken by the Conference was the appointment of a Continuation Committee whose duty it is to follow up the valuable investigations and suggestions which were brought before the Edinburgh Conference. It is the privilege of our Church to con­ tribute to the widest interests of the great world missionary movement by having a representative on this Continuation Com­ mittee. Through the kindness of friends, the Corresponding Secretary of the Board was enabled to attend the important meet­ ing of this Continuation Committee held at Auckland Castle, near Durham, England, May 16-20, 1911.

The ill health of a considerable number 5. WITH OUR of our missionaries and the death of two, MISSIONARIES, have made the year 1910-11 one of anx­ iety and of increased burden. On December 24th, 1910, the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., of our India Mission, who sailed for India in 1866, died at Sialkot. Dr. Martin’s name is inwrought in the history of our India Mission, particularly in connection with the educational work, both in the Theological Seminary and the Boys’ High School at Sialkot. For over thirty years he was Secretary and Treasurer of the Mission, having been released, owing to failing eyesight, in 1908. A fuller and worthier description of his life and ser­ vice will be given in the India section of the Board’s complete Report. 28 Annual Report— With Our Missionaries.

For the first time death has invaded the ranks of our Sudan missionaries, in the death of Mrs. Lena P. McLaughlin, wife of Dr. H. T. McLaughlin. Mrs. McLaughlin died at Sterling, Kan­ sas, on March 2nd, 1911. She, her husband and the Rev. J. K. and Mrs. Giffen, were the founders of our Sudan Mission in 1900. Because of illness, the Rev. W. L. McClenahan and the Rev. H. E. Philips and Mrs. Philips were compelled to return to America. It is expected that Mr. McClenahan will be able to return to Egypt this fall. Those who have sailed to the foreign field since the Board’s last report to the Assembly are:

On regular furlough: Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D. and Mrs. Alexander, to Egypt. Rev. W. B. Anderson and Mrs. Anderson, to India. Rev. W. T. Anderson and Mrs. Anderson, to India. Rev. S. G. Hart and Mrs. Hart, to Egypt. Miss Mary A. Lawrence, to India. Miss Mary E. Logan, to India. Rev. Elbert MeCreery and Mrs. McCreery, to the Sudan. Prof. Wm. E. Nicoll and Mrs. Nicoll, to India. Rev. Robert Stewart, D.D. and Mrs. Stewart, to India.

New missionaries: Miss Lois Buchanan, to India. Miss Winifred Heston, M.D., to India. Dr. Hugh R. Magill, to the Sudan. Dr. W. T. Moore and Mrs. Moore, to Egypt.

Missionaries arriving in America 1910-11: Miss Fannie G. Bradford, of the Sudan. Rev. E. E. Campbell, of India. Rev. H. C. Chambers and Mrs. Chambers, of India. Rev. Thomas J. Finney, D.D., and Mrs. Finney, of Egypt. Miss Minnehaha Finney, of Egypt. Miss Ella M. Gordon, of India. Miss Alfaretta Hammond, of Egypt. Miss Flora J. Jameson, of India. Dr. Thomas A. Lambie and Mrs. Lambie, of the Sudan. Rev. W. L. McClenahan, of Egypt. Miss Anna McConaughy, of Egypt. Miss Rosa A. McCullough, of India. Rev. H. E. Philips and Mrs. Philips, of Egypt. Miss Margaret A. Smith, of Egypt. Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of Egypt. Rev. R. W. Walker and Mrs. Walker, of Egypt. Miss Ruth A. Work, of Egypt.

Those returning to the field in the fall of the present year after furlough are:

Rev. J. Howard Boyd and Mrs. Boyd, of Egypt. Miss Carrie M. Buchanan, of Egypt. Miss Laura M. Cleland, of India. Miss Anna M. Hamilton, of India. Dr. U. M. Henry and Mrs. Henry, of Egypt. Annual Report— Finances. 29

Miss Rena L. Hogg, of Egypt (from her homp i.' Scotland). Kev. J. G. Hunt, D.D. and Mrs. Hunt, of Egypt. Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan, of Egypt. Miss Lillian A. McConnell, of India. Miss Leonora J. McDowell, of Egypt. Rev. Wm. M. McKelvey and Mrs. McKelvey, of India. Miss Marian A. Paden, of Egypt

The General Assembly of 1910 appro­ priated to the foreign work $265,678. The 6. OUR FINANCES, budget upon which the Board launched its work for 1910-11 allowed $220,931 for the maintenance of the work, the rest be­ ing applied to the extinction of the deficit. This budget practi­ cally restricted the work to what was already in hand, although providing also for the filling of one or two vacancies made in the missionary force by retirement or death. As the Board’s debt amounted to $59,549, accumulated from several years, only $44,747 could be made a part of the 1910-11 budget. The bal­ ance, $14,802 was to be carried forward to a subsequent year so that existing work might not become crippled. The total receipts of the Board applicable to the Assembly ap­ propriation for 1910-11, were $222,324. This, allowing for cer­ tain small economies effected during the year, leaves a deficit of $42,272 on the regular budget. If the debt carried outside the budget be added to this deficit, the total shortage will amount to $57,074 - An examination of the record of the past year reveals several facts which are full of encouragement, (a) An advance of $18,733 beyond the record of the preceding year has been real­ ized. ( b) This advance has come from the living Church. Pres­ byteries advanced $15,747, Sabbath Schools $11,571, and individ­ uals $4,721. Bequests fell back $8,986. (c) The debt has not been increased, but rather slightly reduced. This is full of encourage­ ment because it is the first time for over a decade that current receipts have entirely covered current expenditures in the work. Y et how far is our Church from the point at which a feeling of self-satisfaction might be justified! Not even now have cur­ rent receipts reached the level of the expenditures which were permitted in 1906-07. During the past year, the following funds have been estab­ lished : “The Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund,” by the generous gift of $r,ooo donated by Mrs. William M. Anderson, of Phila­ delphia, as a memorial to her mother, Mrs. Virginia M. Haney, the principal to be invested and the income annually for twelve years to be used to secure land for the American Mission at Tanta, Egypt. A t the close of that period the Board is directed 30 Annual Report— Missionary Information.

to use the principal in making further payment on the land pur­ chased if necessary, or for any improvements which may bfe neces­ sary in connection with the buildings on the land which may be purchased by the fund. “The Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, and Jessie and Mary Clark Me­ morial Fund.” Principal $500, donated by Mr. David Clark, Traer, Iowa, as a permanent memorial to his wife and two daugh­ ters. The principal to be invested and the income used in the work of the Board. “The Thomas S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund." Principal $1,000, donated by their six sons, Dr. James M., and Messrs. Charles L., William S., Alexander I., Albert C. and Thomas N. McClanahan. The principal to be invested and the income used in the work of the Board in the India Mission. “The Bertha Belle Lantz Memorial Fund.” Principal $600, donated by Miss Lyda F. Lantz, St. Clairsville, Ohio. The prin­ cipal to be invested and subject to an annuity during the lifetime of the donor, after which the income is to used for the work of the Board. The record of the receipts on Appropriation, as reported by the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert L. Latimer, is as fol­ lows :

SCHEDULE A.

RECEIPTS OX APPROPRIATION.

Presbyteries...... $153,436.52 Sabbath Schools ...... 19,296.98 Individuals ...... 16,437.92 Y. P. C. U ...... 5.131.91! Bequests ...... 17,445.87 Ladies’ Missionary Societies...... 609.10 Interest ...... 1,5^7,64 Endowed Funds ...... 1,841,62 Sudan Fund ...... 2,835.00 New Missionaries Fund ...... 3,182.28 Matured Annuity Donations ...... 600.00

Total on Appropriation ...... $222,324.89

H—THE NEW YEAR. The Handbook of Foreign Missions is- 1 niSSIONARY SUed by the Bo^rd this Past year Proved u.PAmMiTiAM so popular that it was found necessary to INFORflATION. K 1 , . T. . , . go to press twice. It is proposed to issue a similar Handbook next year. This brief record of the work has proved much more readable and can be distributed much more extensively than the large report which was formerly the only account of the year’s work given to the Annual Report— Estimates and Appropriations. 31

Church. The cooperation of pastors is earnestly sought in se­ curing for this literature a wide and judicious distribution. The Board is also-ready to place orders for missionary leaflets and books prepared and printed by such interdenominational move­ ments as the Young People’s Missionary Movement and the Lay­ men’s Missionary Movement. The quarter of the Sabbath School year which would be as­ signed to Foreign Missions in accordance with the regular' rule of the Assembly would include the months of October, Novem­ ber and December, 1911. A special course is being prepared for use during the Sabbaths of this quarter, along the most up-to-date lines for bringing missionary education into the Sabbath School.

The Board submits to the General As- 2. ESTIMATES sembly a twofold statement. The first AND relates to existing operations and work APPROPRIATIONS, now in hand. The second relates to the financial provision which is required for the sending out of seven young men who have fully qualified for missionary appointment and have received such appointment from the Board, subject, however, to ratification of this action by the General Assembly and the provision of the needed funds. In a budget relating to existing work, the Board is recom­ mending no advance whatever in the Church’s present missionary operations. It is true that the budget allows the mission fields about $6,000 more than was allowed by the budget of 1910-11, t>ut this allowance represents no advance; it is only a fluctuation of expenses due to the movements of missionaries and the mere up­ keep of missionary property. The entire debt is included in ‘this budget, as is indeed proper. To realize what effort has been made by the Board to reduce the amount required, it is important to observe that all requests from the fields have been denied. Egypt earnestly asks, for cur­ rent work, $4,585 more than the budget provides. India pleads, for current work, for $9,457 more than the budget names, and $62,895 for permanent equipment. The Sudan begs for $13,608 more, for current work. Yet all of these requests for an advance have been denied in the budget presented.

FOR EXISTING WORK.

Egypt ...... $133,747 India ...... 122,000 Sudan ...... 27,990 Salaries (Cor. Sec’y, $2500; Treas., $500: Asso. Smvv. $2000) ___ 5,000 Clerical Expenses ...... 2,515 Printing ...... ' ...... 3,000 Office and General Expenses ...... 3,485 32 Annual Report— Semi-Centennial Funds.

Emergencies...... 3,000 Interest- ...... 4,000

Total for All Current Work ...... 304,737 Current Work of Women’s B oard ...... 73,233

Current Work of Foreign B oard ...... 231,504 D e fic it...... 57,074

Amount Required to Maintain Present Work ...... $288,578

FOR NEW MISSIONARIES.

Three Missionaries to Egypt ...... $6,018 .Three Missionaries to India ...... 5,035 One Missionary to the Sudan ...... 2,300

Amount Required for Sending Out Seven Men...... $13,353

During a period of more than three 3. SEMI- years, there have been received by the CENTENNIAL Board from all sources connected with the FUNDS. Semi-Centennial Fund, some $65,459. In accordance with the very conditions upon which appeal was made for these funds, these moneys are to be used for the purpose of securing missionary equipment, both land and buildings. The need for this becomes obvious, when it is re­ membered that the Board of Foreign Missions is without the as sistance of a cooperating Board which might render to it a ser­ vice somewhat similar to that rendered to the Board of Home Missions by the Board of Church Extension. The Semi-Centen­ nial gifts have, therefore, been awaited with great interest and even impatience. It is regrettable that only a little over one- fourth of the amount reported to have been actually subscribed to Boards and Institutions has been received as yet, if we may judge at least by the proportion .of the total amount appropriated for foreign missions and received. Steps should be taken to press the collection of the funds subscribed, so that delay may not both imperil the security of these subscriptions and also rob our mis­ sions of long-needed equipment. In dividing among its several Missions the fund received, the Board was obliged to accede first to the wishes of donors, who had designated their gifts to particular causes. Otherwise, how­ ever, the ratio followed by the Board in the distribution of these funds, based on a careful consideration of the needs of the three fields, is 48 per cent, to Egypt, 37 per cent, to India, and 15 per cent, to the Sudan. O f course, designated gifts were made chargeable against each field, as a part of the share of that field. HARRIS J. STEW ART

MARK S. ROY th ese s e v e n m e n q u a l if i e d f o r m is s io n a r y appointment , a s p e c ia i, a p p e a r w a s m a d e f o r f u n d s f o r t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d t h e f u u , AMOUNT WAS SECURED XN PLEDGES OR CONTRIBUTIONS. 34 Annual Report— Appointments and Recommendations.

During the past year, Miss Lois Bu- 4. APPOINTflENTS chanan and Miss Winifred Heston, M.D., AND sailed for India under the support of the RECOMMENDATIONS. vVomen’g Board. These appointments, ap­ proved by the Foreign Board, are now sub­ mitted to the General Assembly for confirmation. The names of the following missionaries approved by the Women’s Board and the Foreign Board, (are submitted to the Gen­ eral Assembly for appointment as missionaries to their respective fields. The support of these missionaries is assured by the Women’s Board: Miss Aulora McIntyre to Egypt, Miss Nellie G. Smith to Egypt, Miss Roe O. Williams and Miss Dora B. W hitely. The appointment of Miss A. L. Corkey as a missionary in Egypt is submitted to the Assembly for confirmation. Her sup­ port is guaranteed by the income of the Assiut Hospital, which institution she has been serving. The Board submits to the General Assembly the names of sev­ eral missionary candidates. The qualifications of these young men were carefully considered by the Board, and the Board de­ cided to grant them missionary appointment subject to the ap­ proval of the General Assembly and the provision of the funds necessary for their being sent out. In the majority of cases, to the qualifications of the candidate there were added remarkable providences, such as that of short-term service in the foreign field, which enabled the Board to be the more perfectly assured of the call of these men to foreign missionary service. The names sub­ mitted are as follows: Ralph E. Ayers, to India. Roswell W. Caldwell and Miss Margaret T. Giffen, to Egypt. Alfred M. Laing, to India. Mark S. Roy and Miss Ida McKlroy, to Egypt. Paul J. Smith and Mips I Ida M. Mitchell, to the Sudan. Harris J. Stewart, to India. F. Scott Thompson and Miss May Alexander, to Egypt. SPECIAL THANKS* In proportion as the past year has been characterized by re­ markable deliverances from financial distress, by the thrusting forth of a large number of well-qualified missionary candidates, and by spiritual harvests that are immeasurably out of propor­ tion to the human agencies at work, the Board is made conscious of, and wishes again to testify to, the wonderful goodness of God in granting such rich and such undeserved blessings. Conscious also of the help and sympathy of many friends of the cause who contributed prayer and gifts even unto sacrifice, the Board desires to assure these of its deep appreciation of all such cooperation. The following persons and organizations may be mentioned in a special way as having contributed to the suc­ cessful record of the past year, and to these the Board wishes to express its thanks. Annual Report— Special Thanks. 35

1. To the Women’s Board, through whose labors and gifts so large a woik is now being maintained in the foreign field, as also in the homeland. 2. To the Trustees of the Arthington Fund, whose support of work in the Sudan, has secured not only the services of a mis­ sionary in the Sudan, but also language investigations of far- reaching value to the entire missionary cause in Southern Sudan. 3. To the Christian Union Herald, the United Presbyterian, the Christian Instructor, the Women’s Magazine and the Men’s Record, for space generously accorded for the presentation both of missionary information and of missionary appeal. 4. To the Associate Reformed Church of the South, for their cooperation in India by the assumption of special Work in a dis­ trict within the limits of our Church’s territory. 5. To Prof. J. Westermann, of Berlin, for generously placing his time and his talents at the service of our Mission in the Sudan for language study and investigation. 6. To the following persons who have contributed $100 or more: Mrs. William Flinn; Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser; Mr. T. C. McCrea; “J. B.,” Davenport, N. Y .; Mr. H. J. W ard; “A Friend of Missions,” Garrattsville, N. Y .; “A Friend,” per Rev. J. M. Atchison, D.D.; “Two Friends,” Allegheny, Penna.; “Thank offering, Wheeling PresbyteryMr. Hans Hansen;• “Friends of Missions,” Mt. Pleasant, Penna.; Mr. William Weight; “A Con­ tributor,” Jersey City, N. J.; Miss Jean K. Denham; Rev. H. J. Bell; Mrs. Margaret Junk McDowell; Mrs. Louisa M, Junk; Miss Ruth Junk; “One who is interested in His Kinkdom;” Mr. A. K. Mack; Rev. J. M. Adair; Andrew Maxwell gift; Messrs. J. K. Morrison & Sons; Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Fullwood; Mr. A. Rey­ nolds Bickett; “Glad Tidings;” Mr. Robert Johnston; Misses Helen and Jeannette McGowan; Mrs. Lizzie J. McCornack; “A Friend of Missions,” New Castle, Penna.; Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Wilson; “A Friend,” Camden, Ohio; “Friend of India;” Mr. T. F. Leach; Mr. John Watson; Mrs. D. E. Kellogg; Mr. J. S. Adair; “A Friend of Missions,” Los Angeles, Cal.; Mr. W. D. Lowe; Dr. H. T. McLaughlin; Mrs. A. L. Dickson; Mr. Andrew Wright; Miss Louise Sebring; Mrs. George M. Paden; Mr. Alexander Gilfillan; Miss Margaret Gilfillan; Miss Mary L. Ken­ nedy; Messrs. Bogle Bros.: Mrs. K. A. Jameson; Mr. John R. Caldwell; Rev. Robert Stewart, D.D.; “A Friend of Medical Missions;” “Friends per Miss Janet M. LambieTeachers, Knoxville College, Knoxville, Tenn. M. G. K Y L E , President CHARLES R. WATSON. Corresponding Secretary. GEORGE INNES, Associate Secretary C. S. C LE LA N D , Recording Secretary. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer. PhtlaHolftiii'a H/ 9tr Afll TAT f 36 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER’S REPORT For year ending April 30th, 1911

RECEIPTS. Schedule A— Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $153,436 52 Sabbath Schools ...... 19,296 98 Individuals ...... 16,437 92 Young People’s Societies ...... 5,131 96 B equests ...... 17,445 87 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 609 10 Interest ...... 1,527 64 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,841 62 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 6,597 28 Total on Appropriation ...... $222,324 89 Schedule B— Womens’ Board, Not- Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... $ 78,042 54 Schedule C.— Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellan­ eous Funds, Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 31,582 07 Schedule D.— Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation of the General Assembly ...... 1,438 05 Schedule E.— Investments and Loans, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation of the General Assembly ...... 27,181 05

Total from all sources ...... $360,568 60 Balance in Egypt from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 962 81 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,216 67 Balance April 30, 1910 ...... 26,414 37

$390,162 45

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A.— Egyptian Mission ...... $137,806 86 Schedule B.— India Mission ...... 117,928 61 Schedule C.— Sudan Mission ...... , ...... 33,850 54 Schedule D.— Expense of Missionaries outside of fields ...... 20,421 82 Schedule E.— Miscellaneous Funds ...... 4,597 36 Schedule F.— Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 3,256 17 Schedule G.— Administrative Expenses ...... 13,991 71 Schedule H.— Investments and Loans ...... 24,456 16

Total Disbursements ...... in Balance held for Endowment and Special Fund ...... 20,95d « Balance, General Fund, April 30, 1911 ...... 12,899 fit $390,162 45 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 37

D Z E T ^ I I jIEID ST^TIEIMIIEIISrT RECEIPTS. SC H E D U LE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly Sect. 1—From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... 153,436 52 Sabbath Schools ...... 19,296 98 Individuals ...... 16,437 92 Young People’s Societies ...... 5,131 96 * Bequests ...... 17,445 87 Ladies’ Missionary Societies ...... 609 10 Interest ...... 1,527 64 ------$213,885 99 Sect. 2—From Endowed Funds— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund $ 58 95 James Junk Fund ...... 293 33 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. & M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. M cN ary Fund ...... 231 00 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterrit Memorial Fund ...... 28 57 Matthew Niekle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 54 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 485 77 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund 114 00 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Dunlap Trust Fund of the Second Church, Phila, Pa...... 150 00 ------$ 1,841 62 Sect. 3— Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,815 00 New Missionaries Fund ...... 3,182 28 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 600 00 ------$ 6,597 28 Total on Appropriation of the General As------sem bly ...... $222,324 89

SCHEDULE B. W O M EN ’S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Egyptian Missions— Salaries ...... $ 11,900 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 1,170 00 Estimates ...... 13,535 00 Specials ...... 862 10 Traveling Expenses ...... 105 84 India Mission— Salaries ...... 16,820 00 Furlough Salaries ...... 2,130 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 100 00 Estim ates ...... 13,971 00 Specials ...... 6,562 97 Traveling Expenses ...... 957 83 Sudan Mission— Salaries ...... 1,100 00 Estimates ...... 5,225 00 Specials ...... 3,603 .00 ------$ 78,042 54 38 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer

' SC H E D U LE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Sect. 1— Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... $ 2,100 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 T hos S. and M^iry J. M cClanahan M emorial F und ...... 1.000 00 ------1 4,600 00

Sect. 2—Endowed Funds, Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi Centennial Fund ...... 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... $ 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 193 32 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund 506 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 54 66 Matthew Niekle Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 868 03 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 63 22 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,689 07 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 681 96 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 376 76 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 252 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 00 Annuity Fund, General ...... 1,167 20 Annuity Fund, Special ...... 558 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 ------$7,257 83

Sect. 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Semi-Centennial Fund ...... $ 1,270 09 Specials to Egypt ...... 869 60 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, Cairo...... 2,300 00 Special Fund for Prof. W . W . H ick m an 3,000 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 621 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 4,000 00 Library Endowment Fund Assiut College ... 50 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Board ...... 30 00 Berba Egypt Building Loan ...... 250 00 Specials to India ...... 2,053 34 India Famine Orphan Fund ...... 50 00 Dr. M. M. Brown’s Home, Sargodha 748 53 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 200 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1,065 54 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 65 60 Sudan Orphanage ...... 1,411 54 Special Fund for New .Missionaries, 1911- 1912 ...... i ...... 758 35 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 485 75 Women’s Board for Account, Los Angeles Presbytery ...... 500 00 ------$ 19,724 24

* 31,582 07 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D. Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. 1910— M ay 14 ...... $ 433 00 M ay 19 ...... 210 00 June 3 ...... 116 50 June 6 ...... 10 00 June 17 ...... 1 10 July 25 ...... 10 00 October 31 ...... 500 00 December 5 ...... 157 45 $1,438 05

SCHEDULE E. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. M atured M ortgages ...... $ 11,800 00 L oans ...... 15,381 05 ------$27,181 05

DISBURSEMENTS. SCH ED U LE A. Egyptian Mission— Rem itted and paid for E gyptian A c c o u n t.. .$117,394 34 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 739 50 Special Fund for Prof. W. W. Hickman ___ 3,000 00 Specials to Egypt ...... 2,509 91 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage...... 506 61 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 406 76 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, Cairo...... 2,300 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,689 07 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 193 32 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 252 00 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 54 66 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund, In­ com e ...... 500 00 Robt. Dwight Foster Memorial F und ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed, Assiut Hospital ...... 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 621 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 4,000 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College... 50 00 Assiut College Loan ...... 2,000 00 Special Fund for New Missionaries, 1910- 1911, paid Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Moore 706 77 —------$137,806 86 40 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE B. India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account ...... $103,581 00 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 778 00 Specials to India ...... 9,713 95 India Famine Orphans ...... 50 00 For Account Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.. 1,438 05 Dr. M. M. Brown’s Home, Sargodha ...... 972 58 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 868 03 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 202 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Building ...... 200 00 ------$117,928 61

S C H E D U L E C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account ...... $ 26,758 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 4,668 54 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 683 64 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 65 60 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 63 22 Robert Arthington Fund ...... 200 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 1,411 54 ------$ 33,850 54

SCHEDULE D. Expense of Missionaries outside of fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries ...... $ 5,717 52 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Missionaries.. 1,782 55 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries ----- 999 42 Outfits, India Missionaries ...... 300 00 Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 4,807 76 Furlough Salaries, Egyptian Missionaries... 4,927 75 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,271 82 Children of India Missionaries ...... 100 00 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 365 00 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 150 00 ------$ 20,421 82

SCHEDULE E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 117 00 T axes ...... 6 65 Emergency Fund ...... 426 75 Special Allowance Mrs. J. H. Morton .. 1,050 00 Language Study Expenses ...... 50 00 New Wilmington Conference ...... 30 00 Women’s Board Account of Los Angeles Presbytery ...... 500 00 Tuition Allowance Rev. Thos. F. Cummings 40 00 Refund to Women’s Board Balance in India 1,472 67 Special Sabbath School Literature ...... 429 29 $4,597 36

SCHEDULE F. Interest— On L oans ...... $ 1,488 97 On Annuities, General ...... 1,167 20 On Annuity, Special ...... 600 00 $3,256 17 Annual Report— Bxhibit of Treasurer. 41

SCHEDULE G. Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $ 2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary and Expenses A ssociate Secreta ry .. 2,484 39 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary 1,915 23 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 600 00 Laymen’s Missionary Campaign Traveling Expenses ...... 104 45 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and General Expenses ...... 5,887 64 ------,$13,991 71

SCHEDULE H. Investments ...... $ 13,100 00 Loans Repaid ...... 11,356 16 ------$24,456 16

INDEBTEDNESS. Due Reserve Fund ...... $43,374 52 Due by M issions, etc...... $ 3,400 67 Outstanding Loans ...... 30,000 00 Cash B alance 12,899 82 ------Deficit April 30, 1911...... 57,074 03 $73,374 52 ------$73,374 52 42 Action of General Assembly.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

There have been referred to your Committee the Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions, and a paper from the Synod of the Punjab containing a request for the prayers of the Church in view of India’s ripening harvests. The Board’s Annual Report furnishes us with reasons for gladness and sadness, gratitude and humility; it gives to the Church bright promises for the future and at the same time impresses upon the Church a most solemn responsibility. Some of the things which produce gladness and gratitude are: 1. Large increase in membership in mission fields. 2. Increase in number of native workers. 3. Increase in contributions of the native Church. 4. The changing attitude of the Coptic Church toward our work in Egypt. 5. The splendid influence of the Edinburgh and Lucknow Conferences, and of the many other conferences and conventions held during the year. 6. The doors that are opening, and the consecrated men and women who are willing to enter. Some of the things which produce sadness are: 1. The death of faithful workers during the past year. 2. The debt that rests upon the Foreign Board. 3. The Church’s inability to carry out plans made for the expansion of the work in our mission fields. 4. Lack of interest in the work on the part of some of our members and congregations. One year ago the spiritual harvest was said to be without parallel in the history of our work. That harvest still continues. Though the laborers are not many and the increase of ordained missionaries in the field is small, yet God has answered the prayer for workers in raising up and sending forth into the fields, white to the harvest, a consecrated force of native workers. The promise for the future is so bright that the Punjab Synod, relying upon the boundless grace of God, resolves to seek the doubling of her mem­ bership during the coming year. To accomplish this they have pledged them­ selves to united prayer and effort and desire the Church in America to join them in earnest prayer throughout the year that this increase may be realized. Your Committee would respectfully recommend the following: 1. That we recognize God’s presence and help in our foreign work dur­ ing the past year and that we thank Him for the souls saved, and the native Church strengthened, and the doors of opportunity opened by His mighty power. 2. That we express our sympathy with our overworked missionaries, and especially with the bereaved relatives in view of the death during the past year of some of our faithful and honored missionaries; and that we record our appreciation of these consecrated lives and their service. Action of General Assembly. 43

3. That we express our special satisfaction in the securing of Mr. George lnnes as Associate Secretary, and that we approve of the wise and efficient management of our foreign work by the Board of Foreign Missions and its secretaries, and that we convey to them and the Church our congratu­ lations upon the fact that the debt which threatened to increase has been slightly reduced. 4. That we ask the Church to unite with the members of the Punjab Synod in beseeching the throne of grace constantly during the coming year that God would double the number of His saints in the Punjab Synod, and that we also ask the Church to seek for all of our other fields a larger measure of blessing and prosperity than has been known heretofore. 5. That this Assembly ratify the appointment by the Board of the fol­ lowing missionaries: Miss Lois Buchanan, to India. Miss Winifred Heston, M.D., to India. Miss Aulora McIntyre, to Egypt. Miss Nellie C. Smith, to Egypt. Miss Roe O. Williams, field not yet determined. Miss Dora B. Whitely, field not yet determined. Miss A. L. Corkey, to Egypt. 0. That in case of those whose appointment is conditioned upon the provision of funds for their support, this Assembly affirm it to be the plain duty of the Church to send these persons out to the foreign field, and also that the Board be authorized to send them out as soon as the required finan­ cial. provision is secured. 7. That in the belief that the Church is able and willing to send these much needed reinforcements to the overworked foreign mission force of oui Church, the Assembly authorize the appointment of the following persons to the fields indicated upon the fulfillment of the required condition: Ralph E. Ayres, to India. Roswell W. Caldwell and Miss Margaret T. Giffen, to Egypt. Alfred M. Laing, to India. Mark S. Roy and Miss Ida McElroy, to Egypt. Paul J. Smith and Miss Ilda M. Mitchell, to the Sudan. Harris J. Stewart, to India. F. Scott Thompson and Miss May Alexander, to Egypt. 8. That we urge upon our pastors the necessity of a wise and statesman­ like policy of missionary education in all departments of the Church’s life and to this end commend to pastors and missionary leaders the literature and missionary equipment provided by our Board for this purpose. Signed: S. E. MARTIN, J. R. LOGUE, A. M. REED, W. G. ALLISON, S. M. M IL L E R . 44 Appropriations of the General Assembly.

APPROPRIATIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

The General Assembly of 1911 made a two fold provision for the work of the Church under the care of the Board of Foreign Missions. (a) The amount appropriated to foreign missions in the regu­ lar budget of appropriations is $271,923. (b) As there are 53 Sabbaths in the year 1911-12, and as the regular appropriations are based upon a weekly offering of ten cents per member for 52 Sabbaths, it was voted that the Church’s contributions on the extra Sabbath be divided between the foreign and home missionary boards as a special offering. The last Sabbath of November— November 26th— was desig­ nated as the day for said special offering. The amount which should properly become available for foreign missions as a re­ sult of the offerings of that day would b e: 136,989 members X ten cents, divided by 2 = $6,849. (c) The total amount, therefore, which should be provided in accordance with the Assembly’s action for work under the care of the Board during 1911-12, is $278,772. The full amount—$278,772— is needed. Below will be found the Board’s final budget in itemized form. It will be seen that the budget totals up to $292,083. The Board felt that it could not reduce its missionary work below this point, and rather than enforce a disastrous retrenchment, the Board has au­ thorized a budget $13,311 in excess of the Assembly’s appropria­ tion. This is done by special permission secured from the As­ sembly in 1908. If no niore than the amount appropriated by the Assembly is paid in, then this $13,311 will be carried over to a sub­ sequent year for payment Since $13,311 more than the appro­ priations are needed to entirely close the year without debt, how urgent is the need for the full amount of the Assembly’s pro­ vision, or $278,772. Special effort will be needed to secure the full amount of the appropriation. W hy? Because the total receipts last year were only $222,324. If $278,772 are to be secured this year, then for every ,d°Har secured last year one dollar and twenty-five cents will need to be secured this year. This advance is entirely possible. And for three reasons; (a) We have not yet tested what courageous leadership will do. (b) We have not yet tested what sacrificial giving will accom­ plish. (c) We have not yet made trial of our God with Whom all things are possible. Appropriations of the General Assembly. 45

FOREIGN MISSIONARY BUDGET. Foreign Board. Women’s Board. G’d Total. Egypt ...... $108,247 $25,975 $134,222 I n d ia ...... 82,424 40,376 122,800 Sudan ...... 21,858 6,882 28,740 Expenses in America ...... 15,480 Emergency ...... 3,000 Interest ...... 4,000

Total for current work ...... $235,009 Debt ...... 57,074

$292,083 Appropriation and special offering. 278,772

Kalance debt to be carried forward $13,311

EXPLANATIONS. In presenting the above budget, several points call for emphasis or explanation. (1) It is important to distinguish between work supported by the Foreign Boar,d and work supported by the Women’s Board, for contributions to the one fund are not applicable to the other fund, and vice versa. The two funds are distinct from each other. (2) In the above table, only those funds contributed by the Women’s Board which are payable abroad are reported. (3) Under the heading, “ Expenses in America,” are included not only all expenses incurred in cultivating the home Church, but also the expenses incurred by the Board in administering the work under its care. (4) The amount allowed for “ Emergency” .may not be fully expended, as it is meant to cover expenses incurred by sudden withdrawals from the fields, accidental losses, etc. (5) The amount required for “Interest” may be partially re­ duced by interest derived from funds invested, and it may be re­ duced further where the Church’s contributions are sent in regu­ larly and are not delayed until the end of the year. 46 Annual Report of Women's Board,

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPART­ MENT OF THE W OMEN’S BOARD.

In September the Women’s Board sent out its first delega­ tion to visit our foreign mission stations. Mrs. H. C. Camp­ bell and Mrs. J. B. Hill were the ones chosen to represent the Board. They have already visited every one of our mission stations in India and the Sudan and are now in Egypt making an itinerary of our missions there. The home Church had the pleasure of a visit from Miss Rena L. Hogg, who spent three months in America this fall. She traveled as far west as Fort Morgan, Colo., making mis­ sionary addresses all along the way and gaining fast friends not only for herself but also for Egypt.

OUR MISSIONARIES. Dr. Agavnie Gilbakian was compelled to return to America on account of serious trouble with her eyes. She has since married in this country and will not return to India. Dr. Winifred Heston, of East Jordan, Mich., has been appointed in her place. The Board sent to India with Dr. Heston a trained nurse, Miss Anna Howell. Miss Howell is under a three-year engagement with the understanding that if both parties are suited she will apply for regular appointment. Both doctor and nurse have been stationed at the Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum. No permanent medical missionary has as yet been found to take Dr. Lawrence’s place in the Tanta Hos­ pital, Egypt. The Board, feeling the necessity for sending relief to Dr. Anna Watson, upon whom the burden of the whole hospital work has been resting for over a year, decided to accept the offer of Dr. Alice Johnson, of Asheville, N. C., to go to Tanta for a term of two years. We expect her to sail in August. Three new missionaries have been appointed this year, while one is recommended by the Women’s Board for appoint­ ment and will no doubt be formally appointed by the time the General Assembly meets. The names of those appointed are: Miss Aulora McIntyre, of Tarkio, Mo. (Egypt) ; Miss Nellie Catherine Smith, Grove City, Pa. (Egypt); Miss Nellie Williams, Monmouth, 111. (location not determined). Other candidates are under consideration. Annual Report of Women’s Board. 47

A MUCH-APPRECIATED GIFT. Dr. Maria White has presented to the Women’s Board a complete little hospital building- to take the place of the wretched rented quarters in which our Pasrur Dispensary has long1 been housed. Dr. White erected this building as a me­ morial to her father and mother and presented the deed for the property to the Women’s Board. The new hospital will be known as the White Memorial Hospital. Dr. White also presented the Board with a much-needed water plant and laundry for the Memorial Hospital at Sialkot.

N E W W O R K . At the request of the Egyptian Association and the Foreign Board the Women’s Board has taken over the support of the Bible women in Egypt. We have also undertaken the sup­ port of the Girls’ School at Alexandria. In India we have promised to build a girls’ school at Sangla Hill at a cost of $i 5,333.0°, to be paid in three yearly installments, the first installment to be $6,000.00 and to be paid this year. In the Sudan we have undertaken a school for girls in Wadi Haifa. The amount appropriated for foreign work this year is:

India ...... $40,376.00 Egypt ...... 25,975.00 Sudan ...... 6,882.00

Total ...... $73,233.00 This does not include the salaries, traveling expenses and outfit money of the new missionaries we are sending out this fall. Respectfully submitted, HELEN A. WILSON, Ass’t Foreign Secy. 48 Action on Women’s Board.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

The Committee on Women’s Board report that we have studied with pleasure and inspiration the Annual Report of this Board to the Assembly. The Great Head of the Church has surely been looking with favor upon our women. His presence has been with them, upholding and guiding to unparalleled success. They have caught the vision not only of Jesus Christ with His pierced hand directing to the uttermost parts of the earth, but also of the world's need. Their hearts beat with His heart in compassion and love for a lost race. This is evidenced in the education and training of youth not only along mental and spiritual but also domestic lines; in the building of hospitals, thereby seeking by tender ministry to alleyiate human suffering; in their obedience to the command, “Teach the Gospel to Every Creature.” In the work of our women national and color lines have been obliterated. Through them Jesus Christ is touching the world to turn it back to God— in India, Egypt, the Sudan, among the Indians, the mountaineers of the South, and the foreigners that pour in upon our shores. They build par­ sonages, engage in temperance work, etc., until we are compelled to ask. What is it that looks to the uplift and saving of humanity which has not received from them a helping hand? Best of all, they ask no appropria­ tion, but with faith in God they undertake a greater work each year, closing with a balance in the treasury. We would call attention to the following items of special interest: 1. Work among mountaineers, where a college was dedicated and a con­ gregation organized during the year. 2. The work among the North American Indians. The first United Pres­ byterian Indian preacher has taken up the work; some have been baptized; illegal liquor selling is being suppressed. 3. The increased circulation of the Missionary Magazine. Our women realize that knowledge is essential to success— 1,000 new subscriptions dur­ ing the year. 4. The growth of the Junior work; 60 new societies, representing an increased membership of 1,474. 5. The taking over of the support of the Bible Women in Egypt. 6. The presentation of a hospital bv Dr. Maria White to take the place of the wretched rented quarters at Pasrur. 7. Their motto, “Onward and Upward.” 8. Their aim for 1911— “25,000 souls for Christ; one million dollars for missions home and abroad.” 9. The magnificent sum raised last year, $153,356.18. R esolved: 1. That we thank God for these consecrated women who minister unto our Lord. 2. That we urge all the people of our Church to study the work of this Board that we may learn the way to success. 3. That we commend this Board to the confidence, prayer and benevo­ lence of all our people. Signed: MERTZ A. EAKIN, W. B. SMILEY, J. S. TU RSEY, ROSS STEWART, HENRY LYTLE. THE

56th Annual Report

OF T H E

Ai ERICA ['I (JfJITED pRESBVTERIA[sl ^ISSIOf'l

IN

EGYPT,

F o r t h e y e a r IG10. Egyp t— Introduction ; 51

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE BEV. J. B. ALEXANDEB, D. D.

•The following papers show the present condition of our Mission in Egypt in. its great departments of Evangelistic and Congregational work, Sabbath School, Harem, Educational work, Book and Colporteur work and Medical and Clinical work. We ask for the Report a careful reading. It shows the strug­ gles with a limited exchequer as well as with difficulties pe­ culiar to our field. It shows, too, progress and encouragement and success. A very large advance has been made in the contributions of the. churches. In Contributions. I9 °9 the amount reported for all re­ ligious purposes was $50,155, but in 1910 the amount given was $70,695. It is necessary to say, however, that $32,803 of this sum was ap­ plied on church buildings, mostly in three or four congrega­ tions.—the Church Extension effort of Egypt. The salaries of pastors and other native worl- ers amounted to $28,673. Of this sum the Church in Egypt paid $20,373, and the Church in America only $8,300. Equally encouraging development has Organization and taken place in the organization of Pastoral churches and of pastoral settlements. Settlements. During 1910, five new congregations were organized. The total number of organized congregations in the Synod of the Nile has reached 72 ; the total number of mission stations, preaching places and churches, from Alexandria to Wadi-Half a, is 273. Twenty- five of the churches are entirely self-supporting. The con­ gregational and evangelistic work of the Synod cost in 1910 $78,995 >’ the Egyptian Church paid $70,695 and the Church in America $8,300, or only about 10^2 per cent, of the total cost. In 1910, eleven new pastorates were formed and nine new ministers ordained—the banner year in the history of the Church in Egypt. There were, at the close of the Synodical year, 60 living ordained Egyptian ministers in the Synod of the Nile, one of whom was a missionary in the Sudan. Two licentiates are about to be called to churches and work in the Delta and doubtless will be ordained within a few months. 52 Egypt— Introduction.

The present membership of the Church in E gypt is 11,200, representing a com- Membership. munit}' of perhaps 30,000, At the Sabbath morning services an average of 21,986 people hear the Gospel in the churches and various meeting places in the Valley from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. Notwithstanding the political unrest and Among t^le revival Moslem fanaticism and in- . tolerance, the work of the Gospel has o amm ans. £r e e cotlrse Three Mohammedans were baptized in 1910; since the begin­ ning of 1911 two others have been baptized. A number of intelligent educated Mohammedans, in the large cities and towns, are constant visitors for inquiry at the missionaries’ and native pastors’ houses. Some even attend church, a thing that would have been impossible 25 years ago. A number in the villages have attended the meetings held by the Rev. Mr. Reed and others. In Cairo, meetings conducted twice a week for Mohammedans by a special evangelist, are attended by many attentive Moslem hearers. In the cities, hundreds of Moslem women are learning to read and are hearing the Gos­ pel through the house visits of missionary and native women. In the schools over 3,000 (3,472) Mohammedan boys and girls are in attendance. During the past half century many thou­ sands of Moslem boys and girls, thousands of whom are now men and women, have been educated, to a greater or less degree, in our Evangelical Schools. They do not feel towards Christians and Christianity as their fathers did. They do not believe in the Koran and in Mohammed as their fathers did. In the hospitals and clinics our physicians and nurse? have treated and nursed 34,275 Moslem patients during 1910. A most profound impression has been made on this great num­ ber of people. They have been relieved of suffering; they have experienced the kindness and mercy, the tenderness and care of faithful Christian phvsicians and nurses. They have heard prayer offered for their recovery: they have heard of the hope in Jesus, and of eternal life in His Kingdom; they have felt that the motive for serving them and waiting on them is love for them. They come from many districts in the Delta, and from different provinces in Upper Egypt. They return to tell their friends of the Christian hospital, of the Christian physicians and of the Christian Hope. The word of Christ has been carried by the colporteur to thousands and hundreds of thousands of people in Egypt. Multitudes of Mohammedans have received the Bible and other Christian books and Christian tracts. They are reason­ ing together; they are asking themselves whether these things Egyp t— Introduction. 53

be so. “ Faith cometh by hearing.” The Moslem is, for the first time in all his life, hearing. He will believe. Forty-two thousand five hundred, and thirty-one volumes of the Scrip­ tures, in whole or in part, were distributed in Egypt during 1910. His word will not return unto him void. In 1910 the time for the furlough of the Movements of Rev- J- H - Bo7 d and family> Miss Bu" . . . chanan and Miss McDowell, having ar- Missionanes. rived, they returned to America. Dr. Hunt and family also came to America by order of their physicians. The Rev. J. R. Alexander and wife and the Rev. S. G. Hart and wife, having spent a year in America, returned to Egypt, arriving October 16, 1910. We ask that the whole Report may be read with care, es­ pecially the Evangelistic, Harem, Book and Medical sections. And as you read pray for Egypt— for its students, its pastors, its churches, for its people, Mohammedans, Copts and Protest­ ants. 54 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

EVANGELISTIC REPORT.

BY THE BEV. B. G. MCGILL.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. 1909. 1910. Organized congregations ...... 70 72 Outstations, preaching places, Sabbath Schools, etc...... 192 201

262 .273 Native ordained ministers (missionary in Sudan, one) ...... 50 59 Licentiates ...... 17 10 Theologues ...... 14 16 Lay preachers ...... 10 10

91 95 Total membership, December 31st Males ...... 5,585 5,821 Females ...... 5,132 5,379

10,717 11,200 Increase by profession ...... 677 724 Increase by certificate ...... 174 243 851 907 Decrease by death, removal, etc...... 476 484 Net increase ...... 375 483 Infant baptisms ...... 771 886 Adult baptisms— Moslems ...... 1 3 Others ...... 0 0

1 3 Average attendance Sabbath morning ...... 21,918 21,980 Contributions, all church purposes ...... $50,155 $70,695 N. B.— An organized congregation is a congregation or congregations under the care of one session. The number of ordained ministers given includes all whose names were on the rolls in March each year, at which time the synodical year closes. The figures for congregations, stations, membership, increase and decrease, baptisms, attendance, contributions, etc., do not include those for the Sudan — only those for Egypt.

To read of all that Jesus has been continuing “both to ,do and to teach” in Egypt, during the past year, is most encouraging.

THE PROTESTANT CHURCH. W e can no longer think of the work in Egypt as a Mission, but as a Church, organized, evangelized, equipped, every year taking rapid strides towards the realization of the ideal placed before it of becoming a self-directing, self-propogating and self-sus­ taining Church. For this the Mission and its friends have prayed and labored, and to it they look as the hope of Egypt— a praise, a name, a glory to its Founder. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 55

Standing solidly, as it does, on unquestioning belief in the in­ spired Word ; emphasizing the spirit and truth, rather than the form in worship; taking, as the foundation of its educational structure, the Word of God; containing a larger proportion of en­ lightened constituents than any other religious body in Egypt; claiming as its leaders hundreds of choice, trained workers; in­ fluencing directly forty thousand souls, and many thousands more indirectly; this branch of the Lord’s planting has been, is now and is bound to become, in a much larger sense, a mighty factor in molding the Egyptian Nation, in transforming her from a kingdom of darkness into a kingdom of light, and in bringing her into subjection to our Prophet, our Priest and our King. All honor is due to our co-laborers, the pastors, who have con­ secrated themselves to the service of Christ as feeders of the flock.

THE PASTORS. Let us think of these fifty-nine men as doing the same work as the pastors in Am erica; understanding their people as no mission­ ary can; looked up to as men of God, to whom the people can come with their sorrows and joys, their plans and hopes, their ignorance and sin. It is inspiring to see the strong young men of splendid calibre going into the needy places and courageously setting them­ selves to the task of teaching, molding and elevating their people. One of these young men, who has developed into a strong, spiritual leader, writes thus of his experiences during the past year: “A f ­ ter greetings in love, there are signs of spiritual life in the con­ gregation, such as the development of personal work, deeper prayer spirit, witness bearing and material growth in membership. Three new places for preaching have been opened by members of the Christian Endeavor Society. There are, nearly always, Moslems present in the services. During the last year one of the deacons preached regularly in the Mohammedan quarter of the town, where he was listened to with joy and gladness. His Mos­ lem friends are always enquiring for him. There have been spe­ cial answers to prayer such as the healing of persons who were near death’s door, and the settling of long standing quarrels in the church. One notorious sinner was convicted of sin on the day of fasting and prayer and continues to pray with deep emo­ tion. A former member, who had been disciplined by the session for bearing false witness and had absented himself for some time, returned, made full confession with true repentance, and was received back into the fold.” Most of the pastors preach, not only in their own towns, but in other places also. Some of them visit regularly from four to ten out-stations. Many of them are conducting girls’ or boys’ schools, sometimes both. Most of them have meetings nearly 56 , Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

every evening in the week, either in their own churches or in the villages. Several days in the week women’s meetings are con­ ducted. And some of the pastors give an hour of Bible study daily in their day schools.

EVANGELISTS. Of these there are two classes, regular and irregular. The former includes graduates of college and seminary who are doing stated supply work and are eligible to calls to pastoral work. The latter includes under-graduates who have shown aptitude for preaching and teaching, have voluntarily engaged in active service without remuneration and have been chosen to fill the ranks of evangelists, of which there are far too few to meet the “Macedonian calls” coming from scores of places. Evan­ gelists are chosen and assigned by presbyterial committees and are appointed on terms of service of from three to six months, which terms may be repeated by application of constituents to the presbyteries. These men, standing on the firing line of the Church, are doing real pioneer work. They are the middle class, between the school teacher and the pastor, and are doing foundation work for future congregations. One of these writes of numbers being convicted of sin, both Mohammedans and nom­ inal Christians; also of some who suffered persecution for right­ eousness’ sake, but stood steadfast for the truth. He also says, “ Ten new places for preaching were opened during the past year by preaching the Gospel in the streets, shops and houses, and by speaking the Word in private.” Another mentions out-door meetings to which hundreds flocked, both Christians and Moham­ medans. Still another has been ministering to the churches, en­ couraging the schools, visiting the homes and doing pastoral work in five large districts. A more consecrated, beloved worker I have seldom seen in Egypt. He has received only a primary education, but for years he has been sitting at the feet of the Master in humility and eagerness to catch His spirit. He has chosen and obtained that good part which gives him power in witness-bearing. But we would be disloyal to those who do not occupy official position in the Church did we fail to mention the

M E N ’ S M O VEM EN T, reports of which have come to us from many congregations. This has taken the form, not of a general brotherhood, officered by salaried men, but of organized effort within particular con­ gregations, directed by pastors or other workers. There have been no banquets, so far as we can learn, but there has been much discussion and teaching as to ways, means and methods of organized effort, particularly at the annual prayer conference; Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 57

much earnest unite,d prayer for leading and power; and diligent, persevering effort is on the increase. This movement resolves itself into various forms of “home missionary” effort. Here, the men of the congregation decide on a plan of personal w ork; there, they separate the town into districts, and companies (con­ sisting mostly of two persons) are sent into these particular quarters and conduct services in the street or in any house opened to them. In another place the men are appointed to visit neighboring villages and do the work of evangelists. Some very interesting experiences are reported. Workers are thus being trained and new villages and towns are being reached for Christ. We are often reminded of the early converts who “went every­ where preaching the Word.” Other encouraging notes come from the field. In one congre­ gation a band of men meet Saturday night to pray for a blessing on the Sabbath services, also to seek a revival. Special answers to prayer are reported, such as the changing of the district market day from Sabbath to Monday, conviction of sin and surrender in the hour of affliction. This last means much more to one who has been taught to mourn and lament than to us who have been early taught to bow in submission under the stroke of affliction. Special interest in systematic Bible study is reported, also days of prayer and fasting for sin and for times of refreshing. Will not the whole Church join her Egyptian brethren in these prayers ?

THE COPTIC CHURCH. The reform movement in this ancieint Church is so closely interwoven with, and dependent on the work of the Protestant Church that we feel justified in reporting it in this connection. It should be remembered that some of our early missionaries were determined not to start a new Christian sect in Egypt but to labor for the reformation of the Coptic Church. But all their efforts in this direction were futile. It was like pouring new wine into old vessels. But fifty years of faithful, persevering light-bearing by hundreds of trained, Spirit-led workers could not but have its effect. The Spirit has been pleased to use these workers, not only in building up a Protestant Church of 11,200 members, but also in arousing many thousands in the Coptic Church to a sense of their need of light, and to earnest effort to meet that need. In a few years they will rival us in the number of trained preachers; some of them splendid fellows and able, who are preaching in their churches, doing evangelistic work in surrounding villages, visiting in the homes, conducting prayer meetings, even holding special meetings for the women and in other ways following our methods of work. Special effort also has been ma,de this year to have the Bible taught in their schools. 58 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

We grant that these efforts are largely emulative, and aim at checking the many desertions of their people to the ranks of the “accursed Protestants.” “What then? only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed; and therein I rejoice, yea, and will rejoice.” Their changing attitude toward our work is also a cause for gratitude. For, while formerly the intense hatred of their clergy was manifested in doing all they could to stamp out the new sect, now, many of them recognize and acknowledge the debt they owe to the Mission. One of their bishops said to Mr. Roosevelt, in Cairo, “ The American Mission has done a great work for Egypt, for it has taught us to read our Bibles.” The development of this reform movement among the Copts accounts, in part, for a less pronounced increase in our own membership during the year. But we rejoice to think that the many thousands who are hearing the Word of Life in the Coptic Church will be counted among the sheaves of our missionaries and native workers who have “gone forth with weeping, bearing precious seed.” One of our pastors writes, “The reason there is so little growth this year is, that the very same means of grace used in our church are used in other churches, and the people do not see any difference between us and them.” Another said, “There are very few Copts in our town now, for nearly all of them know the truth and do not believe the teachings of the Coptic. Church. But they think it a disgrace to leave the Chris­ tian Church of their fathers and come into ours.” Another pas­ tor, who has preached in Upper Egypt as well as in the Delta, in speaking of the influence of the Mission and Protestant Church in disseminating the truth, said, “The Church in Egypt is like a great vine, reaching from one end of the valley to the other. Signs of life are in it, and it needs but the Spirit of the Lord to blow upon it and it will break forth into fruit— abundant, both among Mohamme,dans and Christians.” “Turn again, we beseech Thee, O God of hosts. Look down from heaven, and behold, and visit this vine.” Let this be our daily prayer. W e have mentioned particularly this reform movement which affects perhaps 50,000 Coptic constituents, either directly or in­ directly. That means that this number hear the Word read occasionally in their own language. For, let it be remembered, their ancient language is sacredly guarded as the last vestige of their Egyptian origin, all else having been destroyed by their Arab conquerors; and consequently their quddas, or mass, is chanted in the Coptic language. This, of course, is not under­ stood by the people, not even by many of the priests themselves. So the condition of the remaining 600,000, who never hear the Gospel, is, as has been reported before, deplorable and pitiable Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 59

as well, for, “ If they were blind they would have no sin: but they say, we see: therefore their sin remaineth.”

WORK AMONG MOHAMMEDANS. The year 1910 is especially memorable for the interest awaken­ ed and manifested in the evangelization of Mohammedans. A number of events, occurring this year, have contributed to pro­ duce this special interest. 1. The Church-wide call to prayer for the Mohammedan world, and the response to that call in the interest of prayer circles and individuals in all Christendom. 2. The Edinburgh Conference, which gave so much consider­ ation and called the attention of the world to this all-important question. 3. The Zeitun Conference for converts from Islam, near Cairo, Egypt, at which the “living Epistles” presented a strong, mute appeal for aggressive and immediate effort for the evan­ gelization of their brethren. 4. The Annual Prayer Conference of the Egyptian Protestant * Church, at Cairo, which was addressed by Dr. Zwemer. This ad,dress struck conviction to the hearts, both of missionaries and native workers, that our brethren, the Moslems, were being sadly neglected, had not come into our sympathies and prayers as they should have done and were calling loudly for light without much response. 5. The appointing and sending forth of two delegates from the Mission and one from the native Church to the Mohammedan Conference at Lucknow. 6. Our actual personal contact with living, but darkened, Mohammedan souls, groping for light, many of them openly seeking it and others who were led to receive and rejoice in the Light of Life. The following brief notes from the mission stations will serve to indicate the general interest in this w ork:

ALEXANDRIA.

In Shibrakheit a Moslem was brought to the light and came to the writer, at Alexandria, to learn the truth by more Bible study. The unfortunate trouble over our paper, El Murshid, increased our difficulties for a time, and while it brought us under severe criticism in the Moslem daily press and resulted in sus­ pending the paper for a time, the agitation only quickened the interest among many, both Copts and Moslems. One Moslem, who, just before this incident, had been so pressed by his brothers that he was obliged to cease coming for Bible study, when the wild criticism came on, returned, his courage revived, and he has 6o Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

been coming ever since. Another Moslem, a Bey, told us, “We never knew of your teaching until the Murshid trouble happen­ ed.” The interest of others has been aroused by that incident and subscribers have increased from 850 to over 1500 for the new paper, E l Huda. A large number of the new names on our list are Moslem. The Moslems who have been studying the Scriptures the past year began, some of them in 1908 and others in 1909. Their studying has been mostly in private, but also in classes, at prayer meetings and at the regular Sabbath services. No one but him who leads such men into the truth can know the exuberant and exultant joy at witnessing their progress in mental and spiritual comprehension of the character of Christ and His work for their souls. His is the privilege of seeing a daily illus­ tration of the beauty and glory of the Psalmist’s view of religions experience— “in Thy light shall we see light.” One of these men studied the life of Christ until he became convinced that both in the Gospel and in the Koran he found convincing proof that Christ was really crucified. In his private meditations over his newly-foun,d light, it dawned also upon him that if Christ was crucified then His crucifixion has a meaning for the world. From that day he began to testify to that truth and crowned his testimony here one night by declaring to about twenty Moslems his conviction and faith in Christ. Asfwas to be expected they all were indignant at him and threatened his life so that he was obliged to give up his position here in Alexandria and find a livelihood elsewhere. Another Moslem has steadily pursued his study of the Scriptures, mostly privately, coming to me at times with questions, and gives as his experience that two years ago he was repeating various verses of the Koran, and among them the one where Christ is called “The Word of God and Spirit from Him.” This expression, “ Spirit from Him,” caught his attention in a new light and he repeated it over and over— “ Spirit from God”— until his soul was moved by the conviction that Christ was more than a man. He went on repeating these words until he finally exclaimed, “ Christ is the Son of God.” From that time he sought for a missionary, and when he found his way to our house he was fully assured that God was leading him into the light. He is watched by his relatives and friends, his worst enemy being his wife who reports to their Moslem friends what her husband does and what books he reads. It would be doubtless interesting to God’s people were I to go on and give a statement concerning over twenty Mohammedan men and women who have learned to study the life of Christ and some of them to believe in His name, but it would make the report too long. It was my privilege to baptize one Moslem this year. Others have asked for baptism but because of their pecu­ liar family and financial circumstances we have postponed their ZEITUN CONFERENCE FOR WORKERS AMONG MOSLEMS. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 61

baptism. One of the most interesting cases, and I shall give it very briefly, was that of a Moslem brought to me by a German Jew; who, after he had arranged a day and the hour, came along with his Moslem friend. On being questioned about how he had been led to be interested in the Moslem and why he had brought him, he explained that he got his education in a mission school and learned to appreciate the fact that the American missionaries teach neither tradition nor myth. He knew, he said, that this Moslem would be led to the Bible only and find what he wanted. On being pressed to explain why he had not himself accepted the Bible story as he had learned it, he said, “ It will do any man good, but as for me I do not feel the need of it for myself.” He said also, “Jesus Christ’s life is wonderful.” The Moslem he brought has come several times since, bringing his two sons, and we must hope and pray God to have mercy upon them and give them clear light as He has done to others. I want to put myself upon record by calling upon missionaries and Christian people to seek light and guidance from God in this problem of Moslem converts. Every one of these twenty persons has suffered, is suffering or is threatened with boycotting to such an extent that it makes their confessing Christ a most serious problem; and to know just how far to involve oneself in this problem by advising courage and a decided step is difficult indeed. One man has been boycotted so thoroughly that he has been thrown out of three positions because of his quiet, changed and purer life through Christ. Another is pursued by an older, cruel brother until he is almost driven to desperation. In his case appeal was made to the chief of police, who is an Englishman, but who said he could do nothing as it was their principle to ignore the religious question in Egypt. On being approached on behalf of a young policeman, who wants to be'baptized, some guarantee was sought that he would in his administration see that no boycotting would be allowed, but he declined, saying, “ I would rather that man ceased studying Christianity.” The trying condition of Moslem converts only becomes intensified by the fact that the British officials let their position or attitude be known to the Moslem community, and as Lord Cromer said in his book, “By accident rather than by design the English were called to rule in Egypt, and not having annexed it they would act with scorn of theory and the total absence of any fixed plan based on logical reason­ ing.” Well did one of the writers of a report for the Edinburgh Conference say, “Under these circumstances the missionary can­ not hope at present for great things.” 62 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

«TANTA. “The blessing of God and the fruits of the work which He is pleased to give fill my heart with sorrow, when I think of the limited number of workers in this greatest of Egypt’s districts and the feeble efforts they were enabled to put forth in an ex­ clusively evangelistic sense. And again I joy when I notice that the least done in this way finds such a welcome among the people and yields such interesting results. One wonders sometimes what might not be in case we had more workers wholly devoted to evangelistic effort and distribute^ systematically over this dis­ trict, yea rather over this vast Delta, teeming, as it does, with the larger half of Egypt’s millions.” The missionaries here are coming in touch with the Moslems more every year in hospital, where 60 per cent., and general med­ ical work, where 80 per cent, of the patients are Mohammedans; in the schools, where the teachers augment the efforts of the missionaries in giving the Gospel to this Christ-less people; in the harem work, where more Moslem homes are being entered every year; in district preaching and personal work and in the Young Men’s Christian Association and reading room, where many young men (some of them from the “Moslem Nationalist Club” whose rooms are just over ours) spend their evenings and attend the services. Some of these young men attended regular­ ly the Bible studies given by Miss Grace Saxe in 1909-10 and brought others with them. Great gratitude is expressed by all for the Delta medical boat which is expected to become a power­ ful factor in solving the problem of the Delta which is largely Mohammedan.

MONSURAH. A new preaching place has been opened at Samanud and the prospect is very encouraging. Two persons, from the Christian Endeavor Society, usually go together to conduct the service. The, meeting place in Esbet Es-Saida (West Monsurah) over­ flowed with hearers. A larger place has been provided and al­ ready has been well filled. One of the teachers of the Central School who lives here would scarcely attend the meetings last year for fear he would be called upon to lead in prayer. This year he has not only attended regularly but also asked permission to start a Sabbath school. A short time after the school was started there were fifty persons present. The new work under­ taken by an evangelist at Aga is very encouraging. A very interesting case was recently brought to light of an old Mohammedan sheikh who, for years, has been a diligent student of the Word. Many other Moslems are known to be searching the Scriptures. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 63

ZAKAZIK. A converted Moslem, who found the light only this year, is giving witness to the Spirit’s presence by testifying, with power, to his former religionists, of the truth of Christ. He reasons with them very sympathetically and answers their arguments in a very intelligent and forceful manner. Well acquainted with both the Koran and Bible he is able to contrast the weakness of Mohammed with the divine power of Christ. He gives promise of being a powerful worker in the future.

BENHA. Interest in the district meetings has deepened greatly. Weekly services are conducted in three of the out-stations and monthly in three others. We were gladdened this year by our oldest boy in the Benha school voluntarily asking to become a member of the church. He had become convinced that our Church really believed and lived Christ. He is from a sma^ village near here and is the first fruits from there to our work. We baptized during the year one Mohammedan. He has been quite faithful, but these last weeks has been a little under a cloud. He claims that his faith is still strong, but he lacks in resignation to the hardships that have beset him, and inclines to complain too much of his hard lot. May he be saved from himself, and may his fellow-Christians be more helpful to him in their sympathy and love. He was the means of bringing another Moslem into touch with the missionary, and this second seems to be a real Christian at heart and only lacks the opportunity of confessing Christ. It is very hard for him as he is one of a bigoted Moslem family an,d is bound by his work; for, in the event of confession, he would not only be persecuted but would be driven from both home and work. He, too, needs most fervent prayers. Another, a nephew' of the Coptic priest, came out for the Saviour definitely this year. This was the signal for more hatred from that notable, who, on the occasion of his father’s death, called a Balaam to curse the Protestants. But though Balaam, in this case, really cursed, God is bringing, quietly though it be, a blessing to His true Israel in this place.

CAIRO. A deed of kindness, like the face of a friend, oft-times doub­ ly delights us because seen unexpectedly or amid unusual cir­ cumstances. My friend and I passed through street after street which was reeking with filth, we climbed a dark winding stair­ way, then stepped out into a room which he called home. There vas every evidence of poverty. There were none of those at­ 64 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

tractions which we consider almost requisite to a home. Then, too, sickness was there. The life of the little one was slowly ebbing- away. After we had visited for sometime, a little boy came into the room. He was dressed poorly but had a bright and attractive face. I asked my host who the boy was. He said that the little fellow’s parents were very poor and that they had been compelled to take him out of school that he might earn, at least, his own food. Rather than have the little fellow lose the opportunity of study, and above all the privilege of reading the Bible and coming to know the Saviour, my host had taken him into his own poor home, which, while lacking much that makes a home pleasant, yet had that one possession which constitutes a Bethel, the Saviour was there. And morning and evening my host, after teaching the little fellow to read, taught him that which is even more important— to lift up his heart to God in prayer. Now, notice! The young man who was doing this was at one time a devout follower of the Prophet of Arabia. He knew what it meant to be cursed*by one’s own father, to be driven from home, to be compelle.d to flee to a strange land. All this for his new found Master. After praying together I withdrew and as I returned to my cheerful home I found these thoughts coming into my m in d — that the Gospel possesses the power not only to touch the heart of the Mohammedan but to thoroughly enlighten and transform it; that a life so transformed possesses a double value, a value in itself and also a value as an agent in transmit­ ting the blessings which it has received to others. Also a thought concerning myself, namely, “To whomsoever much is given, of him shall much be required.” Among the evidences of the Spirit’s presence in this city are the following. The churches are overcrowded. It has been said, “If we have the revivals we are praying for we will not have places to seat the people in our churches.” A baptized Syrian Mohammedan, now in the second year of the Theological Sem­ inary, has been greatly blessed in his services in the Faggala church. The Saturday evening Christian Endeavor Society for Young Men, which is held in English, is very encouraging. The average weekly attendance, from September to December, was 54. Those who attend are educated young men in secondary and professional schools or in the employ of the Government. Some of the students from the medical school are planning for a Bible class to be taught by a Coptic physician. And others of the society are planning for more active work for the young, men of Cairo. Government officials are struggling with the problem of “a rest day” for Egypt. Let us help with our prayers, for Sabbath work is such a great drawback to religious life. More prayers for the Moslems are heard these days than formerly, and Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 65

that too from the native Christians. During the Prayer Confer­ ence many promised to pray every day for the salvation of Mohammedans. Moslems are teaching their mosque leaders to preach on Fridays, which shows that they feel the need of more teaching to keep their people from straying. In fact Cairo is the starting place of aggressive movements among Islamic forces. Here, in their great University, is the key of the whole situation. They are calling for volunteers to go into all the world, even to Christian England and America. O God, awaken Thy people to more definite prayer and more earnest work for Cairo!

FAIYUM. Middle Egypt Presbytery has been richly blessed in that six calls have been made out and accepted during the year. Six new pastorates formed, and this notwithstanding the fact that the Synod demands that each congregation- pay two thirds of the pastor’s salary from the first, instead of half as was formerly the case. Yet it is impossible to look at the field at large and the great number of towns and villages still unoccupied without ,deep heart yearnings for more native workers and means to carry on the work. There are several interesting Mohammedan inquirers in this district. In one o f the villages a rich Mohammedan has been studying the Bible for sometime. He welcomes the missionary and native worker into his home. The Bible lies on the stand in the reception room and the missionary is permitted to read and lead in prayer. One of the pastors, while visiting the town to inspect the school, was invited to his home where a most inter­ esting conversation on spiritual topics took place. W e have had several calls from an influential Arab. Most of the time was devoted to the reading of God’s Word, conversation on spiritual things and in prayer. The man keeps on coming as if longing for more of the bread and water of life. Another Moslem in another town has studied the Bible for sometime and has a good knowledge of the Scriptures. One of the Egyptian workers, in speaking of him said, “ He knows the Bible better than the Chris­ tians.” One of the most inspiring things has been the deep inter­ est shown by the members of Presbytery in the work among Mohammedans. When this subject came up at the last meeting, a period of twenty minutes was spent in special prayer for this work, and many took part. A presbyterial committee was ap­ pointed to push forward the work and report. Action was taken, also, urging each congregation to appoint a special committee to take up special work for Moslems. A special call has already been sent forth asking for the united prayer of the church mem­ bers for this forward movement. Undoubtedly the attitude of 66 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

many Christians towards the Mohammedans is changing and the sense of responsibility for their salvation is deepening. One of the committee, in speaking about Moslem evangelization said, “ I consider this the most important work of all.” He also sug­ gested that the members of the committee, though widely scatter­ ed, arrange for a special meeting of prayer for these people.

B E N I SU EF. Great eagerness to hear the Word is manifest in the district. In places where we encountered opposition at first the people are now asking for evangelists. Members of our Christian En­ deavor Society preach in four villages every Sabbath. A new church has been built at Bibeh without any outside aid. There are three Moslems here interested in Bible study. One of these attends • church and has considerable knowledge of the way of salvation. But he is afraid to confess for fear of losing his position in the Government. They need our prayers.

ASSIUT. The College is not only a great school in which modern learn­ ing is taught, but it is also a large effort for the moral and spirit­ ual uplift of its students. The charge is often made by Egypt­ ians and others, that the English occupation, in its administration of affairs in Egypt, through its Ministry of Education and other departments, while doing much for the material benefit of Egypt, has done very little for the moral improvement and uplift of the Egyptians. From the very first, direct means have been used in the College to teach its students that “the fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom.” They have been taught that the sanctions of the Almighty, through Nature and Revelation, are sacred: that the moral teachings of Jesus are for all men, and that they are the highest, noblest, holiest truths to which the thought of man has attained. The students have been taught that these truths form the highest guide for man’s life in this world, and for showing him the way to the Paradise of God; that they in­ volve and require a change of life, and taking on of a neAV nature enlightened and quickened by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit of God. Some of the religious features of the college life are:— the preaching of God’s Word, the stiidy of God’s Word in class and by the individual, the Sabbath school, the prayer and conference meeting, missionary meetings for the acquiring of information of the movements for the enlightenment and redemption of heathen and other non-Christian peoples, tem­ perance meetings for the acquiring of information concern­ ing the extent and injury of intemperance throughout the world and the efforts and means employed for its restriction an,d sup­ 4 Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 67 pression, the Christian Association of the students for their growth and training in the divine life in holiness, righteousness and purity, and in sympathetic and active effort for the spiritual and moral improvement of their fellows in College and in the community even unto the ends of the earth. They are taught that man’s highest glory is to serve man and teach him that God’s will should be man’s will in all the world. Many of the students of the College have given and are giving their lives to the service of their fellowmen in the school and in the Church; all have received a strong impetus towards a higher moral level of life, in honesty, faithfulness, sobriety, purity, love for their fellowmen and of effort for their fellowmen’s good. During the first half of the year, the pastoral work of the Col­ lege was in the care of the Rev. W. L. McClenahan. Special effort was made to interest the students in Bible study, and in the higher needs and claims of their spiritual nature. Special voluntary meetings were held, at time of chapel, in the after­ noons, and on the Lord’s day, when the students were addressed by Egyptian ministers and by American evangelists. Profound impressions were made on the minds of many of the students as to duty and life. A most notable result was manifested in the refusal of all but two of the twenty students, who were prepared for going up to the Government Educational Subordinate and Secondary Examinations, to take the examination, because it was held on the Lord's day. They did this of their own accord, although the obtaining of the Government Educational Certificate means so much in their minds, and in the minds of their people. Their brave, patient, self-denying stand for the sake of principle and conscience ha.d, doubtless, much influence with the Ministry of Education in granting their petition that hereafter the exam­ inations should not be held on the Lord’s day. Two occasions of celebrating the Lord’s Supper were given during the first session and one during the second. During the first session, 37 students of the College and the Pressly Institute, (which constitute the College pastorate), on profession of their faith in Jesus as their Saviour, were received into the College church; during the past session 63 were received, making a total for the year, 1910, of just 100— 67 young men and 33 young women. On the first day of January, 1911, one of our Mohammedan students, a young Turk from Mersina, Asia Minor, was baptized. He was converted in the school of the Reformed (Covenanter) Mission, at that place, and because of persecution and danger was sent to our Mission and College for protection and educa­ tion. He has been with us for over two years. He is a fair stu,dent, and has borne an excellent character for sincerity, pa­ tience, faithfulness and piety. 68 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

The attendance at the Sabbath morning preaching service dur­ ing the year averaged 580 young men and teachers and 135 young women and their teachers; a total congregation of 715— the largest Protestant congregation in Egypt. A report of the College Sabbath school and of the College Christian Union and their work will be found elsewhere. The contributions of the College church and Sabbath schools amounted to $936, (i. e., the Sabbath morning gifts $164, and the Sabbath schools $772). This sum was all distributed among the committees of the Synod, viz.: $415 for Home Mission (the self-support scheme) ; $150 for work among the Moslems in Egypt; $54 for work among the women in Egypt; $30 for the work in the Sudan; $5 for ministerial relief; $100 for Sabbath school work; $50 to the pastoral schools; $15 to the Synodical Fund, and $117 to various objects. The students through their various College religious activities are gaining interest and experience that will fit them for leader­ ship in the greater activities of life in their churches and in their communities. They are from 142 villages and towns, in different parts of Egypt, from Alexandria to Aswan. They rep­ resent every province of the 14 provinces of Egypt, and three centers in the Sudan. They will carry light to their homes and communities.

LUXOR. The medico-evangelistic work on the “ Ibis,” in the first of the year -1910 proved a wonderful blessing. Villages were touched that had never been known to the missionary. One of these was El-Qasr Was-Sayyad (The Palace and the Fisherman). When the Doctor pitched his tent there and announced that he would give free examination to all poor patients, word was sent out by one of the head men of the village to 23 neighboring villages. The pitching of the tent drew a great crowd, more than enough to fill it. All through the day and every day for a week, the peo­ ple poured in. More favorable opportunity for tent and outdoor preaching was seldom, if ever, equaled in Egypt. The morning tent service; the timely, forceful admonitions of the Doctor; the Scripture reading and teaching by the missionary inside and out of the tent; and the personal touch— this was the daily program. The Doctor seemed blessed with superhuman strength and endur­ ance those days. 127-133-154 examinations and prescriptions, together with five or six operations a day; these are the records he kept making that week. The crowds which thronged him day after day reminded us of the multitudes that waited on the Master Physician for healing. On the Sabbath day we went up to the synagogue (Coptic church) in Dabbeh, but were refused a Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 69

hearing, the bishop having sent word, “ Don’t let those men preach,” But in the afternoon we rode 4 miles to another village, Selemiah, and the people here proved more noble than those of Dabbeh, for the priests themselves opened the church, rang the bell and gathered a church full of people to hear. W e were given full liberty and did our best to “buy up the opportunity.” It was a real pleasure to go through that district some months after­ wards and see some of the results of the seed-sowing. Some had quit entirely, and others were stopping by degress the use of araqui, the native date wine. (Dr. Henry had condemned, in no uncertain tones, intemperance, both among priests and people). Greater interest was manifested in the Word; the Scriptures were being more read in Arabic in the Coptic churches, and we were invited to read and preach at Dabbeh to a congregation of nearly three hundred. This was but one of the many towns visited by Dr. Henry, and he himself was so greatly impressed with the wonderful opportunities for far-reaching, fruitful effort, by means of the boat, that he determined to try to secure funds for a medico-evangelistic boat for work in Upper Egypt. There is a growing number of enlightened Christian young men, educated at our schools, who are occupying important posts in the Government,' railway, telegraph and other offices in this long district. It has been very encouraging to find that many of these are using their influence on the side of Christianity and morality and some of them are actually doing personal and public evangelistic work. At one place a station master was teaching the people of a nearby town, who, although Christians had never heard the Word and did not know what Christ came for. Anoth­ er, a banker, found a young man spending his nights and money in a gambling house, visited, him in his house, took him out for walks in the evenings, took him to the prayer meetings, and the night we were there that young man lead the prayer meeting. His wife, a splendid young woman, educated in our Ezbakiyah Girls’ School, Cairo, had been spending her nights in weeping and prayer for her wayward husband. God used that touch of personal work to answer prayer, save a man and make a home happy. But the record for the year in this district belongs to a humble, persevering farmer, who has brought more men to Christ during the year than any, even of the pastors'. He visits neighboring villages regularly on Sabbath and during the week, does the work of a pastor, supports his own church and school and contributes to the general funds of the Church and to its Mission in the Sudan. He is not wealthy but is a man of power with God, abundant in good works. We were rather surprised to find a Moslem sheikh in a village not far from Luxor, who displayed intimate knowledge of the Scriptures. He aske,d more intelligent questions than we often 70 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

hear from Christians. He stayed for our service in the church and was very attentive. The Moslem mayor of a town near Suhag came to the boat to visit us, talked very earnestly on relig­ ious subjects and expressed gratitude for a Gospel "which we gave him. W e made special inquiry for Mohammedans who are read­ ing the Bible, and were impressed with the large number all through the district who are searching for the light.

THE MOSLEM CALL. Do not many of the items in this report, as well as the present conditions in Egypt, social, political, educational and religious, constitute an urgent call to the Church for advance work among Mohammedans? All Christendom is aroused by the urgency of the call of Islam, and why should not we, who occupy perhaps the most strategic position in the whole Mohammedan world, be aroused? Entrenched in the literary center of Islam, having ac­ cess to their religious leaders, with her hand over the pulsating heart of the Mohammedan world, the Church in Egypt holds a place of supreme importance in reaching this world power with the Gospel of Christ. Other Missions and Churches are looking to us for leadership in this problem, our own native Church is waiting for us to go ahead and they are ready to follow. Those best acquainted with the problem say that Egypt is the “key” to the situation; something must be done, and done by us. The call is, first of all, to prayer— definite, importunate, prevail­ ing prayer. Then- to acquaint ourselves and the whole Church with the problem. Then to pray more intelligently as knowledge increases. Then for each worker to go forth with strong faith— the victory that overcometh the world ; with infinite patience and gentleness; with the boundless love of Christ constraining our hearts, and draw these, our erring brethren unto the. Father, who Himself loves them, and the Saviour who gave Himself for them, that they may be one with us, complete, in Him. Egypt— Sabbath School Report.

SABBATH SCHOOL REPORT.

BY MISS ALDA B. ATCHISON.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools ...... 193 Number of teachers and officers: Men ...... 357 Women ...... 167

Total officers and teachers ...... 524 Average attendance: Men ...... 4,844 Women ...... 3,116 7,960 Boys ...... 5,244 Girls ...... 2,949 8,193 Total attendance ...... 16,153

Total scholars, officers and teachers...... 16,677 Total contributions of Sabbath schools", 1910 ...... $2,820 Sabbath school lesson leaflets used weekly ...... 11,000 Sabbath school papers, Negm el Meshrik, weekly ...... 1,400 Sabbath school illustrated cards, weekly ...... 3,500 Cost of leaflet, paid from Sabbath school contributions (self- supporting) ...... $691

“The Sabbath school is like the beautiful city that John saw from the great high mountain; it has the glory of God; it lieth four-square and the length is as large as the breadth.” And the golden reed tomeasure it by is the faith of its workers. In the Eastern land we willview its eastern gate. “He brought me to the gate that looked toward the east," said the ancient prophet, “and behold, the glory of the God of Israel came from the way of the east.” It has been proved times without number that the coming of a child into a missionary Sabbath school is the opening of a window to let the light of the Gospel into the darkness of a non-Christian home. Sabbath schools can be planted where churches cannot,— but the churches follow. Mr. Reed says of the Sabbath schools under his care, “These regular special meetings in the villages for the children are. to my min,d, one of the most hopeful features of the work. Often parents and others begin to attend and the foundation for a future church is laid. One is not oblivious of the fact that our expectations are often disappointed, yet advance is being made in many places.” “The call of the children,” says Mr. McGill, “is sounding forth more loudly each year among the villages of Upper Egypt. 72 Egypt— Sabbath School Report.

Responses to this call are coming from the parents, the churches and even the Government. The last named answers the call by opening day schools for boys and girls without any attention to the plea of the child’s spirit for food. The Church invites and oftentimes requires its day pupils to attend the Sabbath school and by song and Bible stories makes the Holy Day and the Word attractive to the children. But most encouraging of all is the awakening of the parents in many places to a sense of their chil­ dren's need of training— not only of the mind, but also of the soul. ‘W e want our girls to know how to read the Gospels at least,’ is the oft-heard statement of a parent. In this respect the Sabbath school often differs very little from the day school, for the Gospel is the next step in reading after the primer. But the Sabbath school teacher makes more effort to explain the Word, places more emphasis on memory work and is more dili­ gent in applying the Truth to everyday life.” Several new Sabbath schools have been opened during the year. Mr. Thompson tells of one in the western part of Mon- surah, which has grown in a few months from a company of fifteen to one of fifty. This school was undertaken and is car­ ried on by one of the teachers in the city day school. The Cairo Girls’ College sends in its first yearly report. Miss Kyle says, “The growth and prosperity of our Sabbath school has afforded us a great deal of joy and thanksgiving. We have tried to put it on a good basis as it is a new Sabbath school.” This and the Ezbakiyah girls’ Sabbath school have each contributed over $100 which was given to help build churches, to the support of village schools, harem work and special work among Moham­ medans. The power of systematic giving has taken hold of several com­ munities, with the result of increased contributions. “The service of giving by the children,” says a district missionary, “ is so ut­ terly neglected by our brethren, the Copts, that systematic giving is almost unknown to them, so it becomes us to labor for the de­ velopment of this grace in early life and the Sabbath school is the greatest means to this end.” Special attention has been given to this among the boys in the Luxor school and their offerings have doubled during the year. An eastern Delta station has increased its contributions by keeping the different objects before the school month by month. The children, as little personal workers, have done much in bringing about the increased attendance among the boys and girls, which is an encouraging feature of almost every report received. In Luxor, where the record attendance reached 475, several little girls are greatly interested in bringing others with them. One of these little missionaries brought eighteen one Sabbath. She sel­ dom comes a day without bringing at least one or two other little Egypt— Sabbath School Report. 73

girls. The Beni Suef girls have striven hard to have well-filled classes, and one has almost literally “gone into the highways an,d hedges and compelled” others “to come in.” The scholars of the Harret Es-Sakkain Sabbath school in Cairo have succeeded in bringing in about twenty who attend other day schools in the city. A large per cent, of those who join our churches by conversion are trained in the Sabbath school. Among those reported are five from the Cairo Boys’ School, eight girls from Luxor and thirty- three from Assiut, who have made public profession of their faith in Christ ¡during 1910, and have become active workers in all departments of church work. All Sabbath schools under the direct charge of missionaries re­ port encouragingly of the numbers of Moslems in attendance. In one village in the Monsurah district thirty-two out of fifty boys are Mohammedans. More than one-fourth of the boys en­ rolled in Alexandria were Moslems, several of whom received prizes for faithful attendance. More of the Luxor Mohamme­ dan boys have attended the Sabbath school this year than ever before, and they take a real interest in the lessons. Some of them seem as well informed in the Bible as children of Christian par­ ents. A blind Moslem priest was led day after day into one of the Cairo Sabbath schools until he became very much interested in the Bible. The teachers and their work deserve special mention. The pas­ tor or evangelist comes into closer touch with the boys and girls in the review of the lesson than at any other time. More laymen the review of the lesson than at any other time. More laymen are being trained for work by their teaching in the Sabbath school than in any other way. The Faggala Sabbath school (Cairo) found difficulty in getting a superintendent early in the year, but an influential editor who had some new religious experience in consequence of the illness of some of his friends volunteered to teach, and he now comes in to give the lesson review and close the exercises. A young government official has also taken a class in the same school with great acceptance. He asked one day for the prayers of the congregation that he might get permission from the Gov­ ernment to attend church, and it was granted during the week. In the meeting for teachers before the Sabbath school at Mon­ surah, an effort is made to draw out the salient points of each lesson thus guarding against spending time in class on trivial points. The teachers in the day school are generally the teachers of the Sabbath school. Thus the Bible instruction which is given •in all classes daily is made much more effective by the Sabbath School International lesson. 74 Egypt— Sabbath School Report.

The head teacher of the Cairo Boys’ School is the superintend­ ent of the Sabbath school and his review exercise is so attrac­ tive that many adults who do not attend the class exercise, come early for the church service and drop into the school chapel to hear the review. For the lack of room in the crowded church upstairs, the boys in this school cannot be invited to attend the church service. Those in charge regret the present condition and feel that some provision must be made for them soon. Old and new methods have been used with more than ordinary success. The Delta presbyterial committee has visited many of the isolated schools, encouraging the workers and insisting upon more perfect organization. They are developing plans for a Sabbath -school convention to be held in the near future. Much enthusiasm has been created by the adoption of interest­ ing methods in the Pressly Memorial Institute. The review has been made more attractive by each class in turn preparing some­ thing especially bearing on the lesson, as a song, an exercise, some illustrations, or special explanations for the little folks. This has interested the day pupils more than any other plan. Out of gratitude to Dr. Zwemer for his inspiring address in September, the Review Committee had their texts on peace, which had been chosen for the day, printed and sent to him for use in his work. As a class they also agreed to remember him and his work among the Moslems of Arabia every night until the end of the term. At their Rally Day exercises, observed for the first time, an in­ teresting feature of the program was the presentation of Bibles to thirty-two girls who had committed the Helen Gould selec­ tions, including seventeen complete chapters and. parts of many others. The collection for the day, amounting to $43, was a spe­ cial offering for the Fowler Orphanage. Tw o schools report the use of banners for faithful attendance and others have given books and illuminated texts as prizes. Nearly all have distributed Sabbath school literature or cards. Not only the children of the Kulali Sabbath school enjoy the cards, but also the women ask for them and insist upon being tol'l the stories of the pictures. One of our Egyptian pastors has for some time brought these pictorial Sabbath school cards from America quarterly and had the lesson printed on them in Arabic. 3500 of which have been distributed each week. But on account of their late arrival from America he feels so discouraged that he is almost persuaded to discontinue the good work. It would be difficult to estimate the usefulness of the lesson leaflets going out at the rate of 11,000 weekly, each bearing a message from God. They are in some places used as tracts by the Bible women in the houses. The expense connected with Egypt— Sabbath School Report. 75 their work amounting to more than $600 per year is met by volun­ tary contributions from the schools themselves. The children’s paper, the Negm or Star of the East, has gone out as usual ‘with its stories and pictures to the homes of 1400 subscribers. In the case of children’s meetings in several congregations the paper is read to 200 children. It is taken regu­ larly in numbers from fifteen to sixty by ten Sabbath schools and distributed to the scholars. A Moslem girl in Sabbath school who regularly reads the Negm, was very anxious that her father should have a paper to read, and thiiiking this too juvenile for him, she secured a copy of the church paper, El Huda, and this man became a subscriber and reads the Huda to several of his friends weekly. Saba Pasha, Minister of Finance in the Egyptian Government (a Syrian Christian) takes the Negm for his children and their youthful friends. Besides going to Jewish, Moslem, Coptic, Catholic and Protestant homes in Egypt and the Sudan, it is mail­ ed to South Africa, North and South America, Persia, Bulgaria, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine and Arabia. As these messages go the length and breadth of the above-named lands may we not also hope that the truths will sink into the depths of many a longing heart. It is in the Sabbath school that many children learn how to face the problems common to sinful humanity. When a class of little boys were asked if they feared Satan, one replied, “Yes,” and upon being questioned further as to the reason he said, “ Because he is stronger than I. Often I want to give my heart to Jesus but Satan makes me stumble.” Another little fellow said, “ I, too, find Satan trying to tempt me but I learned that I must pray al­ ways and when I do, I find that Christ strengthens me.” Childhood is the age of faith, of simple dependence on the strong arm, and the wise head and the loving heart of others. Childhood ^ the age of vision, of faculty for the perception of God, because as yet the eye is not dimmed by evil passions. Shall we not strive and pray for the early consecration of the host of young lives in the Sabbath schools of Egypt that they may mean unspeakable enrichment for the Church of the Lord Jesus Christ? 76 Egypt— Harem Report,

HAREM REPORT.

BY MISS HELEN J. FERBIEB. STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Bible pupils in homes...... 3 499 Religions represented: Protestants ...... 1,174 Copts ...... 1*968 Moslems ...... 248 Others ...... 109

Total ...... 3,499 Irregular listeners (weekly) ...... 2,412 5,911 Number of workers in homes: Women ...... 35 Men ...... 2 Total ...... 37 Members of missionary societies: Number of societies ...... “...... 31 Women ...... 1,789 Young women ...... 241 Girls ...... 1,552 Total ...... 3,582 Membership in churches (women) ...... 5,379 Attendance at Sabbath morning services: Women ...... 6,225 Girls ...... 2,265 Total ...... 8,490 Number of women and girls under influence of Gospel in Egypt, 1910, about 14,500. “ In the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thine hand, for thou knowest not whether shall prosper, either this or that, or whether they both shall be alike good.” W as it coincidence or Providence which led a second time to the selection (unwittingly) of this verse for the opening of the Harem Report? Be that as it may, in no other of our mis­ sion departments does this promise come with more peculiar sweetness than to the workers among Egypt’s awakening women and girls. A seed sown, a word dropped by the wayside, may find lodgment in a heart that is stirring with new impulses, grop­ ing blindly for an unknown something which lies in the future. The seed may spring at once into life and show its growth by the eagerness of the listener to hear, to retain, and to actually advance into the broader light of the Gospel. The eager Moslem woman, of whom Mrs. Reed writes, seems one of these. In another heart the seed may lie dormant for months, even years, Egypt— Harem Report. 77

until another of God’s messengers or agencies comes into con­ tact with it and life revives and growth begins. This latter is instanced by the Moslem woman in Haret Es-Sakkain district in Cairo, who, after twenty-six years of non-contact with school or Mission, could still read and remember Psalms to sing. It is certainly gratifying to note from the various reports, how many more Moslem homes are open to us than formerly; how in almost every station there are more Moslem pupils and hear­ ers, and not only that, but a growing interest evident among them for instruction and belief in our Good Book. In the Esbakiyah, Faggala, Bulak, Kulali and Shubra districts, Miss Thompson writes the enrolment of pupils is 585. O f these 101 are Moslem women, but mostly regular hearers only. The weekly average of irregular hearers is 331, so it represents a large number who hear God’s Word during the year. There are nine Bible women, the tentji having married in February. No one fills her place, as funds are not available for so doing. Miss Kerr has charge of the two Bible women in Kulali that were under Miss Paden’s care before she left on furlough. Miss Thompson says that the general state of the work is very encouraging. The total weekly attendance at the six women’s prayer meeting in the five districts is 104. One Bible woman says that the most encouraging thing in her work is the desire of the people to know God’s Word. Some of the families she visits are going to pay one of our school teachers to give religious instruction to their children, who attend French schools in order to get the French language. This Bible woman has been much excited over the interest taken by the Moslems in the Bible women’s work. A Moslem man told her ours was the only religion that has special teachers for women. In consequence, the Moslem women have been aroused of late to try to work for the uplift of their own Moslem sisters. Some of the wealthy ladies have given sums of money to teach the Moslem women something of religion as well as some ideas of health and social improvement. This seems a new fea­ ture in our Bible work which the writer has never noted before, viz., the enlisting of Moslem women themselves in helping to lift up their more ignorant sisters. Surely this forward step should be a cause for great rejoicing. Miss Thompson goes on to say that there has been great oppo­ sition to Christianity in some ways by some, but great desire on the part of others to hear. In one settlement of huts where a teacher goes once a week, the eager women flock about to hear, and she notices great improvement among them in regard to superstitions, prayers to dead sheikhs, and in regard to quarrels among their neighbors. “ If there were only more teachers!” is her wail for the work. In the Bulak district especially, quite 78 Egypt— Harem Report.

a number of Moslem women attend prayer meetings and some take lessons. These prayer meetings are usually conducted by the missionary in charge, assisted by the Bible woman of the district, while different women who are church members will lead in prayer. One of the Bible women conducts two of the meetings herself. A recent meeting was in the home of a son of Sudanese par­ ents, formerly Moslems. He is now a theological student in our seminary. There were forty-five women present at this meeting, and the young man took charge of the meeting to the satisfac­ tion of all. His wife was educated in Assiut, and is an energetic, helpful young woman. Another Bible woman was invited to a Coptic house of mourn­ ing to comfort the childless widow of a judge. She asked Miss Thompson to go with her. During the visit Miss Thompson asked to read to her some comforting passages. During the reading, the sister-in-law was uneasy, as it was so'against their customs, but Miss Thompson continued the reading and gave suitable explanations. The result has been that the women have become greatly interested, and are loud in their praise of the Bible women and Bible teaching. The last time Miss Thompson went there the widow gave her a pound for the poor, which afterwards was sent to the Fowler orphanage. The four Missionary Societies in these districts gave in sub­ scriptions and Thank Offering last year $176. Many women give money,who never see any of the meetings; some give as charity and others as a recognition of the teacher’s work. A graduate of the Ezbakiyah school still pays the greater part of the salary of one Bible woman. Some of the missionary socie­ ties help with others, and the British and Foreign Bible Society gives a grant for them which is greatly appreciated, for the women do a work no one else could do among both rich and poor. Miss Smith, though still in charge of Fum el Khalig district, feels she is not able to look after the work as it should be since she is so far from it. Sickness and sorrow among the teachers has affected the work, yet the teachers gave in their report for the year with more joy than ever before, because so many Mos­ lem women have gladly heard the Word. Tw o of her Bible women went together to a Coptic mourning where were many of both Coptic and Moslem women. They asked permission to read words of comfort from God’s Word between the times of wailing and rest. The Coptic women refused, but the Moslem women begged earnestly for permission for them to read. The Copts had their way, but the teachers came away rejoicing that the Moslems were so anxious to hear. O f the irregular hearers a large number are of this class. Egypt— Harem Report. 79

Sitt Mariam, one of her workers, seems better qualified for work among the Moslems than many others. She has tact and is anxious to save souls. A Moslem woman had a sick boy whom the doctors were apparently unable to save. Sitt Mariam asked her te listen to what Jesus did, and read the story of Christ healing the centurion’s servant, and prayed earnestly for the sick boy. Jesus heard and healed the boy, and now the woman goes about telling her sick neighbors what Jesus has done for her son. Another story was of a Moslem woman whose husband had married a young Greek Catholic woman. The former wife had been a greai sufferer for a long time, and the Bible woman told her the story of the woman who touched only the hem of Christ’s garment and wras healed. If Jesus did that, and is still able to ;do so, she would ask Him. She did, and is now well and says that Jesus healed her, and expresses a wish for baptism. Pray for her and those like her who are coming into the light. Miss Smith grieves much over the closing of the Fum el Khalig school, as the Sabbath school, Sabbath services and Women’s Missionary Society have all had to be given up in consequence. She says that there are many interesting things connected with the Bible work in this needy and almost forsaken field. May we not hope that some eye may fall upon these lines and that there may be provided, in consequence, a way for the reopening of this school? Miss Walker says of Haret Es-Sakkain that a growth in the work during her three years there is noticeable, but it is not yet what she ¡desires. There are three Bible women in her district. She notes an improvement among readers and a desire on the part of many to have meetings held in their homes. She tries to hold meetings in the homes of non-church goers. The mother of two of the school girls asks often to have the meetings in her home. Last autumn she invited two Moslem women to the meet­ ing, one, the owner of the house, and the second, the woman referred to earlier in this report as twenty-six years or more ago being a boarder in the Esbakiyah school. The house owner said, "What sweet words! W hy didn’t you ever tell us about this meeting? How often do they come?” The former pupil re­ plied, “They are from our school.” She read nicely and joined in the singing, was so happy, and asked for Miss Johnston (Mrs. Stewart of India now) and Miss Thompson. Miss Walker said it was a lesson to us who sometimes think our work is useless because we see no results. Ours is but to teach— the results are with God. One of her discouragements, which is common to a harem worker in any city, is the losing track of pupils through the fre­ quency of their moves. They are unable to hunt us up, and often have no way to send us word, She has lost track of a Moslem 8o Egypt— Harem Report.

pupil who had been attending church. She was a servant in a home where meetings were held, but her friends married her to a man who keeps her shut up. Miss Walker is still looking for her, but adds, "It’s like hunting a needle in a haystack.” “ Show­ ers of blessing” are needed in her district as in all Egypt. Let us unite our prayers for them. Alexandria reports three Bible women. Of the 140 regular pupils, 38 are Moslems. One of the Bible women, having re­ ceived a decided blessing at the Zeitun Conference, is much more earnest in her Bible teaching, and seems hungry for more Avork, asking especially to be directed into work among Moslems. She also has some Jewish pupils who are very anxious to learn more about Christ. Another Bible woman tells of a certain peasant woman, a very strong, wicked character, who was always making trouble in the neighborhood on account of her “long tongue.” She became a Christian woman, and was so changed that she was a seven days’ wonder to her neighbors, who, in tell­ ing about her said, “ She is at peace, even with her mother-in- law.” They say it has been the “good words” from the Good Book which have worked the change. Miss Finney gives another story as related by a Bible woman: There was a half-witted, half-blind old “sheikha” who yet had wits enough to take in the blessed words of truth. A t first when the Bible woman would exhort about such sins as cursing, steal­ ing, lying,— the old “sheikha” would indignantly exclaim, “Do I curse? Do I steal? Do I lie?” But the other women, by sign language would urge the teacher 'to drive home the piercing truths. And now they all testify that the old, blind, half-witted woman is changing, again giving the credit to the “good words” from the Good Book. Miss Finney gives testimony to a great change having been wrought in two of her Bible women by attendance at the Zeitun Conference. They have a different spirit in their work, and seem to have received a baptism of God’s spirit. Miss Finney praises God for it, and hopes for more conferences for prayer. The third Alexandria Bible woman tells thankfully of the op­ portunity given her to work amdhg Moslems. Time and space forbid of telling in detail a most interesting story told by this Bible woman. She went as usual to a Moslem home to give her lesson, and found a man present who glowered at her in a most disconcerting manner. He asked why she came, and the wife suggested that she read to them, which she di^, being led to read the twelfth of Romans. She explained especially to them. “Avenge not yourselves,” and closed with prayer. She went away wondering why the man had looked at her like a wild beast ready to spring. When next she went he was there again, and told her that her coming was a blessing to their home. She said. Egypt— Harem Report. 81

“No, I am a sinner.” He said, ‘‘You are a good woman, and I look upon you as a sheikh;” Then he told of business difficulties with his partner, of being defrauded by him, and of his determin­ ation to destroy his enemy’s life and property. He had feare,d that the Bible woman taught his household lies, and had stayed to find out; and in so doing had received the lesson on revenge. He said he had abandoned his evil intention, and left the matter in God’s hands. Then she told him of Christ and salvation and how all are in need of both, and he said, “ I know that every man is a sinner.” The man was four months without work, but told his wife to be good always to the Bible woman, and asked the lat­ ter to pray for them. May this man, led thus far into the light, be led still farther, until he can exclaim believingly/ “ My Saviour and my God.” Miss Cabeen wishes to tell of a dear old lady who was once a teacher and active in Christian work. Her zeal has not abated in the least, though she is over eighty years old. She never loses an opportunity of pointing a soul to Christ. Though unable longer to go to those outside, she still reads to the Moslems and Jews who live in the same house with her. Even when confined to her room they come to her and beg to be told of Christ. She thinks “the Moslems are nearer the Kingdom than the Jews, for they believe in Christ.” She is a strong believer in the salvation of the Moslems, adding, “ All things are possible with God.” The work in Monsurah is crippled in that they have but one Bible woman where they once had two. Means have been lack­ ing to replace the second one, who left some two years ago. Some of the Bible pupils are growing spiritually, and it is hoped some may shortly make public profession of their faith. The work in the little nearby village, begun some years ago, still has its ups and downs. Some days the excuses for non-attendance at the meetings-are, “Women all baking,” or “gone to get fish,” an,d yet more than twenty women and girls are there at times, and eager to learn texts, especially the girls. Mrs. Thompson says she does not feel her efforts are in vain when she has them before her. Blessed are they who sow beside all waters. Mrs. Hart writes that she finds circumstances in Zakazik much as they were for two years before she went home on furlough, viz., suitable teachers very hard to find, and no money to support them. Yet three weekly prayer meetings are held for women, and all are well attended. More women are willing to lead in prayer in meeting than two years ago. She gives credit to the pastor’s faithful little wife for helping much in getting the wom­ en to attend these meetings. She told of a sad case where the husband of a former pupil had turned to be a Moslem because he could see nothing in Christianity. He wished his w ife to join him in the new faith, but she refused, and sits all day and mourns 82 Egypt— Harem Report.

as a widow. Her husban,d is lost to her, and most likely she will be obliged to give up her children as soon as they can get on without a mother’s care. He saw nothing- in Christianity! Is it any wonder when we see the life and conduct of so many of these so-called Christians (Copts) ? Our workers in Zakazik are praying for guidance and help to turn the thoughts of the women to better things than simply daily needs for food and clothing, and thoughts of money, and neighborhood gossip. May the Answerer of prayer hear and grant their requests speedily. Owing to sickness in the family of the one Benha Bible woman, the work there has not been carried on as regularly as could be desired. Yet, Mrs. Work says she is much encouraged by the attention of the women to the reading of the Bible! One day they were invited into a Moslem house not far from the one in which they were visiting, and upon going, they found three women and a man. They were requested by them to read, and the words pleased their hearers, because they told them “to be good and to love and help one another and even love their ene­ mies.” When they asked if they might pray, the man said, “Yes, I want to hear what your prayers are like.” “They said if we would come regularly, they would clean out a room and keep it specially for us.” , They kept their word, and had a mat on the floor to sit upon and even supplied an audience of seven or eight each time they went. Mrs. Work also visits once a month a nearby village, where is a boys1 school. She is met at the station and taken to the home of a former teacher who at once dons her black covering, and, with a baby in her arms and two more clinging to her skirts, goes with the missionary to gather the audience. They invite every woman they meet to go with them and soon have twenty or thirty. Then the meeting is held, being carried on by Mrs. Work and the faithful Bible woman. A t one meeting where were eighteen, three of whom were Moslems, Mrs. Work noted that fourteen of the women each had an infant in arms, besides those creeping on the floor! Surely a mothers’ meeting! They are poor and simple, but Mrs. W ork feels confident God is helping them to understand. A trip to this village often revives her when she feels discouraged. Miss McMillan writes from Tanta that the greater part of the work was carried on by one Bible woman; but in December, God sent them a second one for whom they are very thankful. Be­ cause of the shortness of workers very little aggressive work was begun, but the houses already open to us were visited as regu­ larly as possible, and the reading as eagerly listened to as for­ merly. A greater number of Moslems had been reached through the reading than for some years past. Two Moslem mournings were attended and part of the Gospel read at each. The women Egypt— Harem Report. 83

said the words were “ sweet words.” They have encountered a number of Coptic priests, but only one, and he a spiritual teach­ er ( ?), has been bitter and fierce in his opposition to the Protest­ ant teaching. The others have been ever ready to have the W ord read and have helped to explain it. The help and encouragement of so experienced a worker as Mrs. Pollock, has been greatly ap­ preciated in Tanta. The year 1911 opens with a better prospect for aggressive work than for a long time. The city has been divided into three districts. The two regular Bible women have taken charge of two of them, and the third has been undertaken by the Bible teacher at the hospital along with her other work. Thus it is hoped that the work may widen and our Master’s cause in that great Moslem city be advanced. In the Faiyum the work under the two Bible women goes steadily forward. Mrs. Reed says about a year ago an effort was made to begin work in Dar Rumad, a village near Madinet. “The bishop had warned the Copts, so they were very chary of receiving the Protestants. Finally, through Dr. Askren, a friend­ ly Copt was found in a Moslem quarter, and regular meetings be­ gun. A t the missionary’s request, the Moslem neighbors were allowed to attend but were not made very welcome. However, one woman’s friendship was quite won because we deemed it worth while to teach her, a Moslem, the text. She invited us to come to her house, so now the meeting alternates between the two homes. In her home, every one is welcome. She invites most cordially to the meeting all who pass the door. She sweeps her house and the street before time for the meeting, and when we arrive, seats herself at our feet, eagerly drinking in every word. When we leave, she goes with us part way, repeating over and over the verses she has learned. The story of the Samaritan woman appealed to her especially and her clear grasp of Christ’s offer to the woman makes one think that this enlightenment could only come from His spirit. She has learned the Lord’s Prayer, and taught it, as well as many other texts, to her four- year-old daughter. She is now to have regular lessons; and let us ask God for the verification of His promise that His Word shall not return unto Him void. The average attendance at these meetings is sixteen women, thirteen of them Moslems, besides girls and many children.” It is with deep regret that Mrs. Walker says she must again report no Bible woman in Beni Suef. Lack of funds has been what has usually kept her from even hunting for a teacher. Their prayer meeting has continued to prosper, and now that a settled pastor is coming, they are expecting greater things. The attendance o f the women at church has been splendid, and the little apartments allotted to them are crowded most of the time. But they need a daily teacher to help them apply what they do 84 Egypt— Harem Report. hear. Even the communicants are most unlearned. They will go year after year,, unless called upon and urged to commune, with­ out this ordinance. To commune when they are at enmity with some one is considered an unpardonable sin, and yet their con­ science never seems to tell them that it is wrong to go year after year without communing. They are indifferent or forgetful about getting their babies baptized. They often want it done on the spur of the moment without any preparation. One Sabbath, during the baptism service, one woman wanted to have her baby- baptized, too. She was refused because of non-membership, but defended herself by saying that she and her husband had “ at­ tended” for years. Another example was of a young couple who were not willing to become Protestants and yet wanted us to bap­ tize their baby, as its “grandfather and great grandfather had been Protestants.” A Moslem woman has become interested through her son who is an earnest reader and searcher of the Bible. She did not surprise the missionary when, in rehearsing her son’s matrimonial history, she said his daughter, who had lived consecutively in the house with her father and his five con­ secutive wives, was not well trained! The grandmother wishes her to come to school and have the teachers teach her to be “ just like them.” If beating is necessary, as she is very dull, why,— fulfill the requirements. A t a Moslem home they learned of the discontent of the mother over the approaching marriage of her daughter because a higher bid for her daughter’s hand came too late. To be sure, the second bidder was between sixty and seventy and the girl about fifteen, but that didn’t matter! The real bridegroom was a young man but the girl seemed not to care which way they de­ cided the case! Let us pray that a Bible woman and the means for her support may soon be found for the needy field of Beni Suef. Mrs. McClenahan has written so fully and clearly of the situa­ tion at Assiut during the past year that I take the liberty of in­ serting her report intact. She says:

“In gathering up the records of a year that is gone, one experiences mingled feelings of pleasure and disappointment, and as I have looked into the records of Assiut for the year 1910 I have felt that, while many oppor- tunties have been improved, and much service imperfectly rendered, yet, considering our depleted forces, much of encouragement and many unde­ served blessings may be recorded by us as workers. “It will be remembered that Miss Hogg’s absence on furlough left us without a general superintendent for the Khaiyatt school and harem work. Mrs. Alexander and Mrs. Henry also being in America, and Mrs. Bell physi­ cally unable for her work, made our force of married ladies small, and ren­ dered the situation difficult of solution. However we made a division of the work in the hope that we could, tide over without any serious results. Protracted' illness in two of our homes has interfered somewhat in carrying out our plans, but the ready response of some of our consecrated women in the town church to our call for help in the prayer meetings and house visiting has been an inspiration to us and a God-send to them. TKere has Egypt— Harem ^Report. 85

been more definite work undertaken for Mohammedan women than in any year in the past. “The town church, which, when built, was supposed to far exceed the need, is now filled on all sides at the Sabbath moi’ning service. Young women who have received their education in the Khaiyatt school and have long since dropped out of school, are regular attendants at the morning service, thus showing the result of compulsory attendance at church while at school. “Last March one of our active church members was asked to undertake, with the help of a missionary, a regular weekly meeting in a Mohammedan street where the women had expressed a desire to be taught. We meet in one of the houses weekly, with an average attendance of ten. It is true it sometimes takes persuasion to convince them that the meeting is of more importance than the work they happen to be doing at the time, but by persistent effort we have been able to hold them, and each week they are showing a little more knowledge of the truth and an increasing desire to know still more. The men not only know of the meeting, but two have expressed great satisfaction that the women are being taught, and when unoccupied ask to sit outside within hearing distance that they also may be taught. Parts of the Bible are being given to one of these. “This meeting has led to the opening of another of the same character near by, one of even greater promise in numbers and interest. In South Assiut two weekly meetings are held in charge of Mrs. Grant and the writer. We take with us selected native workers who most faithfully and simply tell the Gospel story. The meetings are attended by Copts, Protest­ ants and Mohammedans. It is true we have found the gathering of the crowd no easy task, and usually a little talk on the comparative importance of things fleeting and things eternal has to take place before the work is laid aside and preparations made for going. But when 18 or 20 are gath­ ered, and such is the attendance at each meeting, and the Gospel has reached them with apparent conviction, one feels that, while only God can cause the seed to spring forth and bring the harvest, yet the taking o f them to Him is our part, and we must be faithful. A number of Mohammedan homes in this part of the city have been opened to us, and we go on Sab­ bath afternoon with our teachers or others, and groups of women are being taught in a plain but tactful way of this plan of salvation that is so free to all, and of God’s love in thus providing for them. The work so far has been among the uneducated, who do not even know the teachings of their own religion, but who long since have felt the effects of it. They seem so free from prejudice and so hungry for a faith which satisfies. I am free to say that in Assiut we could he carrying on such work in hundreds of homes if we had the workers. At the Hamera (the river port), a twice weekly meeting is held. Miss Work reports this work growing in numbers and interest, and only Mohammedans attend. “In Waladiya Mrs. Bell reports three services on Sabbath afternoon. One of these is held in the church for Protestant members, with a number of Copts as regular attendants. At the same hour, another worker meets with Mohammedan women, usually about ten, who as yet cannot venture to the regular meeting-place. At this same hour, in a room adjoining the church, Miss Whiteside meets a number of children who would otherwise disturb the other meetings, and teaches them Bible stories. In Waladjya the Bible woman meets many Mohammedan women in her daily rounds, but, like many of our Bible women, she is slow in grasping her opportuni­ ties for teaching the followers of the prophet. “And what shall I say of our regular Bible women? There has been severe and prolonged illness in the homes of two of them, which has pre­ vented them from doing as much as in other years, but after seeing more of their work this year than usual, I have come to feel that many of our Bible women are quite unprepared to meet the requirements of instruction to-day. Only two of our seven Bible workers in Assiut seem to have any conception of the Christian’s duty to the Mohammedan, and can a worker with so limited a spiritual horizon be an effectual worker amongst any people? They have done great service in years past, but we are learning that what met the need several years ago is quite inadequate now. I do not mean that they cannot be used in the future; but we must make some arrangement whereby they can have some regular and definite instruction. It is not altogether their fault that they are not now equal to the situation, but we can yet reorganize our work and give them what we have hereto.fore 86 Egypt— Harem Report.

failed to give. We have found the volunteer workers in the town church most capable and willing. They are women of intelligence, who have taiien in spiritual truth for years, but who have heretofore given out but little. In responding to our call, which I admit was because of the scarcity of mis­ sionary force, they have grown in power and spirit beyond all our expecta­ tion. They, rather than our Bible women, must do the visiting in Moham­ medan homes, but we must go with them. We have often felt disheartened that our native Church is so slow in realizing its responsibility to the Mohammedan world, but the experience of this year has taught us that we as missionaries must lead the way. The doors are open. ‘It is not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit,’ saith the Lord. We are sure we all meet with discouragements enough to keep us constantly reminded of the‘truth of these words, but if the coming year shall record no failures on our part, we shall find God’s Spirit controlling many more hearts than He has the past year; and let us ask God that it may be so.”

Some of Mrs. McClenahan’s thoughts on Bible women and al­ so as to the reaching of Moslems through volunteer Egyptian workers with the missionary as leader have sunk deep in my mind. May not God be thus leading us ? Schools or conferences for the Bible women seem almost imperative. “ Volunteer work­ ers from the rich and educated Egyptians” seems ideal. In Luxor the Bible work has suffered somewhat through Mrs. McGill’s illness, Mrs. Pollock’s removal, Miss Buchanan’s ab­ sence and the writer’s inability to do school and harem work ai the same time. But Mrs. McGill writes of the pleasure of hav­ ing a new Bible woman, the fourth now at work here. She is strictly the product of Bible women’s work, never having attend­ ed school. Nearly a year ago she made known her desires to unite with the church, and was admitted a few months later. Shortly after she asked to be given work as a Bible woman. We knew she was a sincere Christian, and though having but a limit­ ed education, we felt her influence as a teacher would prove valu­ able. About this time her father began to talk of finding another husband for h er; for though still quite young, she is a widow. But Faruza objected to a second husband, saying that the Lord gave her no children an,d had taken her husband away, so she thought this proved that He wished her to devote her life to His service. So she was given the work she desired and is ex­ ceedingly happy and faithful in it. She knows little of theology, but she loves her Master and her pupils and her work. She shows the women what Christ-life means, by'both word and ac­ tion. Sometimes she finds pupils ill or overburdened with many duties, and then she lends a helping hand until the distressed one sees her way clear to take a Bible lesson. Faruza’s support is provided for by one of the United Presbyterian missionary so­ cieties of New York City, and one of the members o f this society has sent enough to support another. Efforts are being made to find a Bible woman for Kus, where we have a native pastor and a congregation of over two hundred. The door is open for a great work there if only a competent teacher can be found. How we need to pray that the Lord will raise up more Bible teachers Egypt— Harem Report. 8 7

for the women of this land! In some of the villages visited by Mrs. McGill from the “ Ibis,” she writes that the ignorance of the women is appalling. They really seem to know little more than the donkeys or sheep that share their houses. Even where the men of a home can read, the women are left in ignorance, since they are thought incapable of learning. In the churchless villages where a missionary had never gone, the women’s de­ light at being visited by a foreign teacher was most affecting They crowded about her, kissing her hands as though she were a different sort of being from themselves. She wondered what messages she could give them in the one brief hour she had. They knew nothing of Christ. Moslems and Copts alike were so ignorant that they could not have told the difference between their professed religions. O f course she told them of Christ’s great love and of His commandment of love toward each other. One Moslem woman at her feet was so eager to grasp this new and strange lesson, that at intervals she would touch her on the knee and ask, “Do you mean to say I must love even my enemy? If my neighbor wrongs me and I forgive her, will God forgive me?” And then the exclamation of surprise she uttered as she received the answer and the glow of joy and satisfaction that illuminated her face as she left the meeting were most touching! May the Lord find means by which souls such as these may be enlightened, and may His Spirit reveal Christ to their hearts that they may know and love Him. A little glimpse only is this report of our work among our Egyptian sisters. How many millions of them still lie in un­ penetrated darkness! “Like cattle,” many of them are, as their men folk say, and quite content with this seeming final verdict. But light will come, and has come, to some of them, and thou­ sands are walking in it. With God’s love in the hearts of these, reaching out to their poorer and more ignorant sisters, the work is bound to be a mighty factor in bringing about God’s kingdom in Egypt. God speed and bless the harem work in Egypt and in all Moslem lands. 88 , Egypt— Educational Report.

EDUCATIONAL REPORT.

BY THE BEV. J. KBTTIDENIEB. ‘

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. ,

Number of schools— For girls ...... 48 For boys ...... ! ...... 148 19«

Number of teachers (other than missionaries in charge) — Women ...... 166 Men ...... 331 497

Number of pupils— Girls ...... 5,252 Boys ...... 12,495 17,747

Number of pupils paying tuitions ...... 14,771 Number of pupils, free tuition ...... 2,976 17,747

Number of schools directly under care of .missionaries— Boys ...... 10 Girls ...... 21 31

Number of schools under care of Synod— For girls ...... 27 For boys ...'...... 138 165

Grade of schools— Theological Seminary (Cairo) ...... 1 College for boys and young men (Assiut) ...... 1 High School for boys (Cairo) ...... 1 College for girls and young women (Cairo) 1 Girls’ boarding schools ...... ' ...... 4 Preparatory schools (called Primary in Egypt). 188 19(5

Religion of pupils— Protestants ...... 4,019 Copts ...... 9,313 Moslems ...... 3,472 Others ...... ;...... 943 17,747

Nationality of pupils— Egyptians ...... 16,707 Others ...... 1,040 17,747

Receipts— From native sources, tuition, boarding fees ...... $86,631 From donations, endowment and miscellaneous.. 8,237 From Mission treasury ...... 42,746

Cost of entire 196 schools for 1910 ...... 5148,879

(Fuller statistical tables will be found at the end of the Educational Report.) Egypt— Educational Report. 89

The report of the educational work of the Mission in Egypt is made this year, 1910, by two writers. The first tells of the schools for boys and young men, that are directly under the care of the Mission and those for boys that are under the care of the native Protestant Church of Egypt and its members. The second writer reports the work as carried on for girls and young women.

I. SCHOOLS FOR BOYS AND MEN. ALEXANDRIA. The Rev. F. D. Henderson writes:

“The first part of the year this school, from necessity, occupied a rented house unsuitable both as to location and arrangement, and for which a high rent had to be paid. As a consequence of this we lost many boys who would otherwise have been in our school. At the beginning of the present school session (September 1 ) the school opened in the new building, which, however, was not entirely completed, and from that time there has been a steady increase both in the amount and quality of the work done and in the attendance, in spite of the competition of many schools larger and better equipped materially, in the city. The Department of Commerce was begun in September and is doing an increasingly good and popular work in itself, and is an advertisement drawing attention to the whole school. Classes in this department have been held at the same hours as the other classes in the school, and the pupils are under the same regulations and have the same religious instruction. Attendance at chapel and in Bible classes is compulsory upon all. We are glad to say that there is little real opposition to Bible instruction and we believe this instruction is bearing much fruit, one evidence of which is that we do not have thè difficulties of discipline experienced by some other Alexandria boys’ schools. “Our present urgent needs are the completion of one part of the building and more and better equipment.”

MONSURAH. In the Rev. A. A. Thompson’s report on the school at Mon- surah we have quite an object lesson of what a blessing a mission school may be in an Egyptian town or city. In speaking of those who have been trained, or who had the beginning of their training in this school, he says that hun­ dreds have been trained thus to take their places of honor and trust among their fellowmen and have won their respect and confidence in almost all walks of life. He adds: “A long list of names might be given of such persons. We have in our school, Protestants, Copts, Moslems, Jews, Greek Orthodox and others. During the past year there were one hundred Moslem boys, one hundred and thirty Copts, twelve Protestants and twenty-eight of other religious beliefs. Not all of these change their religious belief, you may be sure, but instances where this has happened are by no means few. Bigoted Copts, fanatical Moslems have found the way of life. “Butros Effendi Mahfiz came to sèhool from such a Coptic origin as is described above. He came to the Sabbath school for the_ English he could get. He found also the Light in Jesus Christ. He is now an official in the Monsurah church. He also occupies a well paying position in the Agricultural Bank of Shabin El-Kom. A brother of the man just mentioned is a well-known physician in Cairo. He received his early training in our 9° Egypt— Educational Report.

school. I have before me also the name of a very successful contractor and builder; another is a chief accountant in the National Bank of Mon- surah.; another a trusted clerk in the Mixed Tribunal; others are teachers in our own and otner schools. “As you will notice in the reports for several years there has not been any increase in attendance. The reason is not hard to find, our school is full. We have no room to expand. Our equipment in the way of building is inadequate for school work, in size and adaptability. We have splendid opportunities in spite of the fact that there are some four or five large competing schools. If we had a school property twice as large, I am sure we could fill it at at once.”

ZAKAZIK. There have been four changes in the superintendency of this district during one short furlough period, and this was hurtful to the district and particularly to the schools. Each mission­ ary did the best he could for the good of the work, but the changes and irregularities involved crippled the work. When schools lack proper superintendence and people begin to doubt their usefulness, when competing schools put forth all effort to draw away the pupils and obstruct the work, when through unforeseen rearrangements the teaching staff is en­ feebled, the only consequence that one can foretell and which is sure to follow is a crippling of the influence of the school and a loss of prestige and tuitions. Since Mr. Hart’s return the schools and the entire work of the district are again resuming their usual prosperous condi tion. The district still has four out-station schools.

BENHA. Turning to Benha we come to the smallest district of the Delta, geographically, but not the smallest potentially. The district counts, besides the central school at Benha, six out- station schools. In spite of adverse financial conditions, Mr. Work has somehow kept these schools alive. Last year the struggle to do this was so strenuous that, when this year a reduction was ordered affecting the whole field, Benha was excused. The schools by reason of the presence of a faithful evangelist and the constant superintendence of the resident missionary have proven valuable adjuncts to the evangelistic work. In most of them, evangelistic services are conducted, one at least having developed in this way into a regular evan­ gelistic center. Concerning the Boys’ Central School the Rev. S. A. Work w rites: “Benha Boys’ School, though not larger than last year, is stronger In teaching force and we have a class of seven preparing for the Government Primary Certificate. We feel sure that at least half will pass. Then too our oldest boy showed he was getting more than secular knowledge when he asked to be admitted into the church. After careful examination we found he was a true child of God and with great joy admitted him into our Egypt— Educational Report. 91

little band1. He walks a distance of five miles every day to school and we trust will be the first fruit, significant of a bounteous harvest from that village.” Sheblenga, Kaha and Birket Es-Sab (out-station schools), have had a very difficult time the past year. The second is doing better, but rival schools and bigoted priests are sapping hard the vitality of the other two. Tukh, Biltan and Karanain (out-station schools) are doing well, though of course are not self-supporting. They pay more than half the running expenses with tuition; this, in Moslem centers, is very good.

TANTA. And what of Tanta, the center and heart of the Delta? At Tanta we have no central school for boys. You will notice that this school has dropped off the list and disappeared from the statistical table at the end of this report. The local con­ gregation assumed the responsibility for it and so it is included under Synod’s schools this year. The Mission, in view of the change, voted a grant-in-aid of $300 for the year. After an experiment of a year and a half, it is safe to conclude that success has been met with. The number of pupils has increased thirty-three per cent, and the tuitions have about doubled. The Mission which used to spend about twelve hundred dol­ lars per annum on the school, now pays only three hundred dollars towards its support. A sort of school board has been formed by the congregation to. look after the interests of the school. The support of the school and its superintendents have furnished a healthful stimulus to the congregation. In the district about Tanta eight schools existed at the be­ ginning of the year. Owing to the financial strain of last year and the expressed desire of the Church Missionary So­ ciety to occupy Menuf, a large town in our district, one school located there and operated there for ten years was passed over to that Mission. The remaining seven schools which are the only boys’ schools in the Tanta field have been kept open thus far. Had we the workers, either foreign or native, evangelistic work could be conducted regularly in all of these places. From these out-station schools, too, pupils are being sent to our college at Assiut. Three boys, two of them Moslems, are at present attending Assiut College. They have received their early instruction and indoctrination at Shabas Ameir. One of the Moslem boys is now asking to be baptized. The value of the village schools in sowing the seed of divine life and in preparing the youth for further development in Chris­ tian character and education is significant. 92 Egypt—^Educational Report.

Twenty-three schools with an enrolment of 2,006* pupils are the reported results of this district for the year 1910. Of these twenty-five are Protestants, 1,970 are Copts, 1,590 are Moslems and 233 are of other persuasions. These have cost the Mis­ sion $7,841 or about $3.75 per capita. Only 25 of the 2,006 are Protestants, an exceedingly small percentage, 1,970 are Copts and 1,590 are Mohammedans; in other words, here is a work done for those who know not Christ savingly and for children of the impressionable age of from 6 to 18 years. Surely this congregation of the little ones did not cost the Church much! Of the above enrolment, however, 361 can no longer be counted. The four schools that were closed this year closed their doors on these children, so they are out of the field. Our Delta out-station schools are therefore in reality 23 less 4, or 19, and our enrolment 2,006 less 361, or 1,645. M ay the Church realize the significance of these figures and her accountability!

CAIRO. W e now leave the Delta schools proper and turn to Cairo. This city, because of its geographical position, its size, and because of its being the center of government, well deserves to be classified by itself. Its greatest educational strength as far as our Mission is concerned lies in its work for girls. It counts a Girls’ College, four other large schools for girls, and an Orphanage for girls. For boys it is doing but little; it has but one good sized boys’ school. In the former there are 1,402 girls. In the latter 412 boys. One could wish that some means might be provided whereby at least another 1,000 boys could be gathered into our school or schools at Cairo. Possibly its present Boys’ School, which enjoys the grade of a high school, could develop into a college for boys. It is cer­ tainly a great pity that Protestantism at Cairo has no insti­ tution for lower or higher education commensurate with its present needs and golden opportunities. A college at Cairo would exert a most potent influence for the religious, educa­ tional and social transformation of the land.

HIGH SCHOOL FOR BOYS. With reference to our High School for Boys at Cairo, Dr. John Giffen writes:

“ T he School for Boys at Cairo is one of the oldest of the schools of th« Mission in Egypt, and it has been more or less vigorous and growing nil that time. It has never been more vigorous than during the past year. It has been striving earnestly to do good work. The teachers have been faitlr ful and earnest A good spirit has been manifested. It does not report growth in its enrolment, but it has advanced in tuition fees collected, Egypt— Educational Report. 93 in the proportion of candidates passed in the official examination by the Ministry of Education, as well as in other respects: these are gauges of progress. “Rizkalla Effendi Hanna, the head teacher, has had a large share of the responsibility of the. management of the school the past year, and has managed it well. “Miss Jean Neil, of Chicago, who has done most efficient work the past two years as teacher of the English language, retired at the end of the last summer term. As debt had been incurred at this and other stations dur­ ing the financial year then closing, we felt that we could not fill her place by a new teacher from America. So adjustments were made and a new primary teacher employed. This of course is retrogression, but what were we to do? By dint of pressure, tuition fees were increased and still the average daily attendance was not diminished, and no school in Egypt has given such education at such low pecuniary cost to its promoters.”

THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.

There is another school of the Mission, not for boys, but for men, located at Cairo. It is our Theological Seminary. This school of the Mission and the Church has existed for 47 years, being founded in 1864. It has been somewhat of the itinerant order, having been located at Assiut, at Ramleh, on the “Ibis” and at Cairo. It is housed at present in the Cairo Mission Build­ ing. There are three or four rooms used for dormitory and din­ ing room purposes and a small room on the fourth floor, or roof, for library and recitation purposes. As one ascends flights of stairs and on the way peeps into their sunless apartments, the wish for other and better quarters cannot be repressed. The other seminaries of our Church are well housed. Could not money be secured to provide a plot of ground and a semi­ nary hall for our theological students in the Valley of the Nile? Would not a Memorial Building to the names of Drs. Lansing, Hogg, Harvey and Ewing, all of whom have served in its faculty, be most fitting? During the year 1910 eighteen students were enrolled. Four of these, Messrs. Amin Awad, Biskalis Nakhla, Matta Bulus and Markus Mikhail completed the course of studies success­ fully and were licensed to their respective presbyteries, and appointed to work. During the summer vacation two of the students were dropped from the roll, and at the beginning of the new school year four applicants were received, making the attendance 16, at the close of the year. For the first time in the history of the Seminary, commencement exercises were arranged for. Each graduate delivered an address, after which Dr. Andrew Watson, the President of the Seminary faculty, addressed them and presented them with certificates. The oc­ casion was very much appreciated. During the greater part of the year the regular professors served. Dr. A. W atson teaching Dogmetics and Church Gov­ ernment; Dr. Jno. Giffen. Hermeneutics and Homiletics; Dr. J- G. Hunt, Pastoral Theology, Church History and New 94 Egypt— Educational Report.

Testament Interpretation; Rev. J. Kruidenier, Hebrew and Old Testament Interpretation. O w ing to the condition of Dr. J. G. H unt’s health, he was compelled to leave Egypt for America, and a temporary re­ distribution of studies took place. Dr. Jno. Giffen took up Pastoral Theology and the Rev. J. Kruidenier the Harmony of the Gospels, in addition to their regular studies, and Messrs. the Rev. Neal McClanahan and the Rev. C. C. Adams taught Church History and Studies in the Epistles, respectively. A word of thanks is due the young men for the valuable co­ operation they have rendered to the evangelistic work at Cairo. Were it not for them our missionary force at Cairo would be wholly inadequate to cope with all the work that is requested of them.

UPPER EGYPT.

We turn now to a portion of our field quite distinct from all that which lies to the north of it. From early times, this geographical division has existed, hence we hear Moses calling the land Mizrain, the two Egypts, a sort of natural duality.

ASSIUT COLLEGE.

STAFF.

Faculty.—R. S. McClenahan, M.A., President; C. S. Bell, B.A., Math­ ematics ; C. P. Russell, M.A., Philosophy, Logic, Economics; W. W. Hick­ man, Ph.D., Chemistry and Physics; College Pastor and Librarian, Rev. J. R. Alexandria, D.D., LL. D. American Instructors.—Messrs. F. S. Hoyman, A. Owen, E. Elder, T. Hamilton (January to May, half year); J. R. Robinson (January to May); H. Biddle (January to May), and Messrs. J. N. Cramp, J. R. Neale and J. R. Moore (August to December) ; Misses I. Whiteside, M. Anderson, E. Hamilton, E. Sjogram, Neatrins, Misses A. Dinsmore, M- Hartmann. Egyptian Instructors.—Christian 13, Moslem 1, Syrian Instructor 1 (Christian). Total Teaching Staff 30.

STUDENTS. Oopts 189 Moslems .. 25 Protestants 599 Others . . . 12

Total 825

INCOME. Tuition ...... ? 4,0.10 ( % ) Boarding ...... 15.070 ( % ) Other sources ...... 1,526 ( % ) From the Home Church 8,783 (31%)

Total cost of College $29,889 Egypt— Educational Report. 95 Prof. McClenahan says:

“The year just ended has been one of many blessings. In May we close rhe first college year in the new buildings, where the enjoyment of greater facilities for service has made us more and more thankful to God. The attendance has increased, more entering the Collegiate Department and from better and from more influential families than heretofore. A very noticeable feature has been the increase in the attendance of the Moslem students, many of them being from leading families and all from various quarters of Egypt. W e cannot account for the increase and attendance of Moslems except that the time seems to have come in answer to prayer, for an ingathering of Moslem inquirers, and that the Master has given oar Mission the confidence of the people in a very large degree. “There have been 163 students in the Collegiate Department in the year 1910, and 662 in the Preparatory Department. A class of young men was graduated in May, of which three members entered the Theological Sem­ inary in November, five have become teachers in our Mission School and one in a Coptic school; one has entered the school of law and one is pursuing graduate study in science in the College. Three of them were sons of graduates, one a son of Rev. Shanudah Hanna, the first student in the College. (See Dr. A. Watson’s ‘History of our Mission in Egypt.’) He is the first son of a native pastor to enter the ministry in the Protestant Church in Egypt. “The spring of 1910 was marked by a very earnest spirit of revival in the College. The whole college community had prayed much during the first half of the College year for the spiritual awakening of us all. Our report a year ago indicated that we were anticipating the blessing. It came. In January and February several workers from outside the College were invited to join us in prayer and spiritual instruction. “Meetings were held several times each day; attendance at chapel exer­ cises was voluntary for two weeks, and practically the whole body of 600 attended regularly and listened to special and inspiring addresses by Mr. Logan and Mr. Swan, of the Egypt General Mission Band, Miss Ely, of St. Louis, and native pastors and visiting missionaries. “It was a time of self examination on the part of all. Thirty-one were admitted to the College congregation on profession of faith in April, 1910; several united with their home congregations during the summer vacations; and thirty-six united with the College congregations in the fall. “The Student Volunteer Band showed a membership of 62 at the end of the spring term. A greater zeal than formerly was witnessed in the work of the committees of the Students’ Christian Union, and especially in evangelizing the neighboring towns, preaching being conducted on Sab­ bath mornings in some twenty centers by students under the directions of the Evangelization Committee. The American teachers, notably Messrs. Hickman, Owens, Elder, Neale and Moore and Miss Whiteside, went regular­ ly with these students to the villages throughout the year, assisting in gath­ ering the people for religious instruction, guiding the students in their work, and preaching through interpreters. “More or less connected with the revival occasions occurred another interesting event. Some eighteen of our college students have been qual­ ifying for fhe examinations of the Ministry of Education for the subordi­ nate and secondary certificates, and the College was prepared to endorse them. One in America can scarcely realize what it means to the Egyptian youth to secure the honor and practical value of these certificates, for we have nothing analogous to it at home. “To the College, too, it meant much, for our students were just beginning to go in for these examinations, and our work had been adapted to them aS ?on<^tions had changed so as to warrant our doing so. Popular opinion to-day in. Egypt measures an institution of learning only by its ability to produce results in these examinations, and yet when it became known that °?e the days set for the examination was the Sabbath, sixteen of the eighteen came to us and declared that they could not violate their con­ sciences by going into an examination on the Lord’s Day. We left the niatter entirely with them, thanked the Lord that they were willing to tollow the dictates of their enlightened consciences, and of course told them we would make no attempt to prevent or coerce them in the matter. 9 6 Egypt— Educational Report.

They stood firm and their decisions not only had a magnificent moral effect among the students of the College, but was of course reported to their parents and friends at home, and became the subject for discussion and admiring comment in the native newspapers and schools throughout the country. “The Department of Education of the Government has given us a pledge that hereafter the examinations will not be held on Sabbath. The College lost some things by the episode, but gained much. "A very large percentage (68 per cent.) of the candidates of our Pre­ paratory Department (called Primary in Egypt), who went up for the Government Certificates, were successful in the summer examinations; this has greatly advertised the College. People are learning and we constantly affirm, that the College gives all that is required by the government cur­ riculum (which is regarded as ideal) and a great deal more, both in relig­ ious and moral instruction and in the secular courses of study offered. “A census of the graduates of the College was taken in 1910 and showed that, out of the 25(J alumni, 104 were preachers of the Gospel, 69 were teachers in Christian schools, and 83 were engaged in business, govern­ ment service, law, medicine, etc. “Dr, I. R. Alexandria having resigned, while on furlough in America, the office of President of the College in which he has so eminently served for 35 years, on his return to the Mission in October, was made College pastor, and participates in the religious instruction of the senior class. He is also the superintendent of the Library, and the consultative member of the faculty, with the younger workers. He meets frequently with the pastors and evangelists in their problems and evangelistic difficulties. Prof. R. McClenahan was elected chairman of the administrative faculty of the College. “Prof. W. W. Hickman has organized and greatly built up the work in science, and the W. G. Sawyer Memorial Hall has been partially fur­ nished through his efforts. Thanks are due to Mr. F. S. Hoyman, Miss Ida Whiteside, Prof. C. P. Russell, the Christian Union of Indianola, Iowa, Wellesley College, Vassar College, Mr. Earl E. Elder, Mr. Arch. Owen and others, for funds provided for the equipment of this department. “Messrs. J. R. Robinson, T. H. H. Hamilton and H. Biddle, having finished the period of their appointment, left for America in May, their places having been most satisfactorily filled by Messrs. I. N. Cramp, Jas. R. Neale and Jas. R. Moore, of Muskingum. “College changes in the Egyptian staff enabled us to establish another link of affiliation with the Syrian Protestant College of Beirut, by securing Anis Effendi El Khuri, of the S. P. C. Staff, as instructor in Arabic. “ We record with thanksgiving the good providence which has granted such large degree of health to our college community throughout the year, and which has solved so many problems for us.”

ASSIUT PRESBYTERY. From Assiut, north and south, an effective work is going on. Naturally it is most thriving nearest the source of supply. Assiut Presbytery leads with 51 schools for boys and 13'•schools for girls carried on wholly by the Evangelical Church as such, at an expense of $14,415, without any help from the Mission financially, with a staff of 95 teachers and an enrolment of 4,634 pupils. We need scarcely ask why this presbytery should lead the others. Under the shadow of Assiut College, in constant touch with it through the workers it furnishes, and the stu­ dents it draws from this home constituency, the answer is near at hand. Where the Alma Mater is so near, the students, graduate and undergraduate, be they pastors, probationers, Egypt— Educational Report. 97

teachers or non-professionals, live and repeat the principles and lessons they have imbibed at Assiut, and the result is a wide awake church, a progressive school system, and a constantly increasing constituency.

MIDDLE EGYPT AND THEBAID PRESBYTERIES. The Middle Egypt Presbytery leads with 41 schools, 63 teachers and an enrolment of 2,188 pupils at an expenditure of $9,708, and the Thebaid Presbytery follows with 28 schools, 50 teachers and an enrolment of 1,879 pupils, at an expense of $9,356. The distance of these presbyteries from the center is noticeable too in the fact, that whereas the central one of the three receives no financial aid from the Mission at all, the Middle Egypt Presbytery received last year $954. That is, the farther away, the weaker the influence, and the greater the need. As the last two presbyteries named are both fast grow­ ing stronger in pastorates, we doubt not that ere long they will be able to keep step with their more favored relative, Assiut. The Rev. W. H. Reed, in writing about his central school at Faiyum and some out-station schools in his district, both of which are in the Middle Egypt Presbytery sphere of in­ fluence, says: “The Faiyum Boys’ School has been quite successful during the past year. The average' monthly enrolment was 109. Two years ago it was only about one third that number. The teaching force has gradually been improved. This school is a strong feeder to the Sabbath school. It is only a few years since about one third of the Faiyum district with its 400,000 inhabitants was bereft of direct spiritual influence. Not even a village school was found to throw light into the darkness. The three schools now in that part have been doing good work. Tukhar, where at first the fanaticism of the Copts, and the fear of the anathemas of the Coptic bishops were so strong that not a Coptic boy was permitted to attend, now has over 40 boys, most of whom are Copts and the majority of these attend Sabbath school. For about a year and a half the people have been holding meetings every night and Sabbath mornings in a private house. Just recently they collected a little money, bought an old house of two rooms, tore down the walls and built a new meeting house for worship. It is not Protestant in name, but is in spirit. “At Nezlet, a large town in the western section and the center, of a wide district, there are at present over 70 pupils. Although the building is not at all good, yet the school has been progressing and exerts a great influence. The teacher, an Assiut student, holds a meeting for the boys and men in his own home every Sabbath morning. For years we have longed for school and evangelistic work in that town and community and it is a great comfort that a beginning at least has been made. “Fortunately one or two new schools have been opened during the year. George Bey Wissa, a rich Protestant of Assiut, who has much land in this district, built a fine chapel at Abuksa, with school rooms in the lower story. He supports this school of over 60 pupils, most of whom are from tlie homes of the peasants on the Wissa plantations. Sabbath school and preaching services have been held there sometimes. “For years a successful school lias been carried on at Ez-Zerbi. The teacher, an Assiut student, has conducted the preaching services regularly. Although they have never had an evangelist, there are over a dozen church members. A fine piece of land has just been secured there for a school 98 . Egypt— Educational Report.

and church building. The owner gave over the half of the land, selling the remainder. It is our aim to have preaching services or Sabbath Bchools in every town in which there is a school. “It is impossible to close without a plea for the village schools, especially in out-stations where there are no pastorates. These seem to be fast be­ coming a thing of the past, yet ,it is doubtful whether there is any mission agency which is capable of producing greater results in proportion to the money invested. Often by spending a few pounds yearly as a grant in aid to a village school, a new congregation in the center of an important community is formed.”

BENI SUEF.

Adjoining Mr. Reed’s district lies the Beni Suef district, superintended by Mr. Walker. It too belongs to the same Presbytery of Middle Egypt. The Rev. R. W. Walker writes: “This has been a trying year in my district in some ways. The com- .petition which has been experienced in the Delta for years has now invaded this district also. Many new schools have been opened, most of them Mohammedan, and they usually have several teachers and better buildings than we can afford, so that they draw away the better paying boys. The requirements of a teacher have risen much faster than the people’s willing­ ness to pay. Even in the villages they demand much better teachers than would have satisfied them even four or five years ago. “The people insist on comparing the village teacher with the teacher in the city, forgetting that in the village the pupils pay only five piasters or at the most ten per month for tuition, while in the larger schools and centers they pay from 50 to 60 piasters (two and a half to three dollars) per month. “It is good to see the standard of education rising, but it means that we must have fewer schools and make those that we have better. “The Boys’ School here at Beni Suef has not quite as large, an attendance as it had last year, although we have, better teachers. The place which would have been considered quite respectable a few years ago, is thought hardly fit for a K uttab (primary school) now; besides, many other schools have been opened near us. We have asked for a share of the Government funds collected for schools in the province of Beni Suef and have some hope of getting aid from this source. “We have been obliged to close one of the village schools because of lack of money. By so doing we left a town of over 1,200 population with­ out either school or church of any Protestant religious influence whatever. On the other hand, the school of Wasta has improved very much. It had suffered all year because of a Mohammedan school that had been opened. We strengthened the teaching force a little and the Mohammedan school was closed, so we had our school filled with boys again. “A few weeks ago, a very poor boy who had been in Assiut College for a while came here seeking for work. As he seemed in great need and able to teach a village school, I gave him some clothes and a dollar for car fare and told him to go to a Coptic town north of Wasta and open a school. The people had been asking for a school for some time and I gave him a letter to a man whom I knew. I was rather surprised, however, on visit­ ing the village in company with an evangelist recently to find a flourishing school of thirty-six boys. Of course the teacher asked for aid as I ex­ pected, but has been grateful for the very little I could give. This simply shows how easy it is to open a school in many villages. I wish it were as easy to keep them open. We are very thankful for the number of boys thus brought under our care and the many opportunities for preaching the Gospel that are thus afforded.” Egypt— Educational Report. 99

LUXOR.

DISTRICT SCHOOLS. We pass on to the southernmost portion of the field already referred to above as the Thebaid Presbytery. The Rev. R. G. McGill superintends the educational work in it. Concerning the Boys’ Schools, he w rites: “Three new evangelical boys’ schools have been started in this district during the year. The first at Dabaiya, a town about six miles south of Iiuxor, was opened in ^answer to a request from our only church member in that place. We told him, as usual, to secure pledges of support from the people, and $10 monthly, besides a house for the teacher and school were promised. We aided the school a few months from personal funds until it was able to get a start, and it has already became a center for evangelis­ tic work. The teacher conducts a Sabbath school for the boys and girls, there being about ten girls in the school. “The second school located at Kamula, is remarkable in that it is sup­ ported by a Coptic priest. This man requested us to get him a teacher in April, and promised $4.50 monthly for salary besides board and room. A neat, modern school building was all ready for occupancy. The priest promised perfect liberty to start a Sabbath school, conduct religious ser­ vices, or whatever of that nature we wished. A splendid young man, the fruit of one of our pastoral schools, was secured and sent there as teacher. There too the missionary’s tithe helped out until the end of the year, when the priest, realizing what a treasure he had secured in this teacher, raised his salary. “The third school was opened at Sus, a very small village, by one of our colporteurs who saw the need, solicited funds, and secured a teacher. The teacher himself told me that he praised the Lord for the work and faithfulness of Bulus (Paul), the colporteur, ‘For,’ he said, ‘the priest eomes once in six months, and then doesn’t preach the Gospel to us, hut Bulus comes every 15 days, gathers the men, women and boys and preaches to them.’ “A fourth new school might be counted for this year, but it was a re­ opening after an interval of over a year. And much more might have been done along this line had the means been at our disposal. “The Mission aid has been wholly withdrawn from three and partially from seven of the schools during the year, and we hope to place six more on a self-supporting basis this year.”

CENTRAL SCHOOL. This Central School at Luxor has made its best record, along all lines, in 1910. The best record in attendance was 130. The most tuitions received in any one month was $115. Received from tuitions during the year, $983. Paid from the Mission treasury, $583. The standard of education has been better than ever, and the boys have shown greater interest in higher learning than in previous years. The religious and spiritual elements have been kept prominent, and the increased interest of the Moslem pupils in the religious studies, the Christian Endeavor, and the Sabbath school, is very noticeable. Some of the larger Mohammedans even lead their Christian En­ deavor Society meetings, and speak freely and favorably of our religion. One of them took the prize in Bible this year, even though he is the son of a water-carrier and has enjoyed IOO Egypt— Educational Report.

no advantages except in the school. The head teacher noticed that the Moslems present a larger offering than the Christians in the Sabbath school.

CONCLUSION. In conclusion we would call your attention to the statistical table of our educational work at the end of the educational report. We ask for a careful reading and study of these sta­ tistics, attendance, income and expenses. Compare the figures for 1909 and 1910. The people of Egypt Spent from their own money for education in our Protestant schools the munifi­ cent sum of $97,896. The total cost of the Protestant schools in E gypt in 1910 was $148,879. Through the schools, minds are trained for Christ and souls are saved to Christ. W e can not help but conclude with the words of the Psalm­ ist : “They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing seed for sowing shall doubtless come again with joy, bringing his sheaves with him.” MOSLEM WOMEN CARRYING BURDENS.

BIBLE WOMAN READING TO WOMEN WEAVING BASKETS. Egypt— Educational Report. 101

II. SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN.

BY MISS LAUBA B. WALKER. SUMMARY.

Sup. by Sup. by Sup. by Board Women’s Synod Total For. Mis. Board No. of schools ...... 15 6 27 48 No. of teachei's: Protestants ...... 82 19 26 Others ...... 27 6 6 100 No. of pupils paying tuition . .2480 764 1397 free of tuition . .401 144 449

2881 908 1846 5635 Less boys in girls’ schools 383 5252 Religions: Protestants ...... ; 448 105 630 1183 Copts ...... 1393 444 736 2573 Moslems ...... 475 278 77 830 Others ...... 565 81 20 6 6 6 Nationality of pupils: Egyptians ...... 4850 Others ...... 785

5635 Less boys in girls’ schools . 383 5252 Receipts and Expenses: Paid by people: Tuition and boarding fees ...... $36,961 Subsidy by Egyptians ...... 1,743 $38,704 Specials, donations, miscellaneous funds 5,298

$44,002 Missionary Treasury (Boards) . 17,458

Total cost girls’ schools, ' 1910 ...... $61,460 There are 48 schools for girls with 5,252 pupils enrolled in connection with the work for women in Egypt under the care of the American Mission and the Synod of the Nile. They exist in the large cities, and in the large provincial towns of the Delta and of Upper Egypt, and even in the villages. They are supported and controlled by the Mission directly, by the congregations, by individuals, and a few are the venture of the teacher and her family. They consist of a College, an Institute, boarding schools and primary schools. They are standardized in four grades in which students are prepared for the work of the College and the Institute. 102 Egypt— Educational Report.

The College for Girls is located in Cairo, and draws its stu­ dents from the capital and the Delta. The Pressly Institute for Girls is located at Assiut, the capital of Upper Egypt. Its students are drawn from the city of Assiut and the provinces to the north and south. It is named in honor of the late Mr. Wm. Pressly, of Monmouth, who Was a large contributor to its building and its support. Forty-one of the girls in the Boarding Schools made a pub­ lic confession of their Saviour during the year, 27 of them being students of the Pressly Institute. In these schools are over 800 Moslem girls, many of whom show an earnest daily life and conversation. Two girls’ schools, Moharrem Bay, Alexandria, and Fum El-Khalig, Cairo, were closed during the year. Grouped by classes according to the source from which the schools draw their support, three classes may be noted: 1. Schools supported by the Board of Foreign Missions. 2. Schools supported by the Women’s Board. 3. Schools supported by the Synod of the Nile. By “support” is meant the amount provided to supplement the fees received from the pupils to the extent of the cost of the school. By “self-support” is meant that the entire cost of the school is provided by the people in tuition fees or by subsidy from churches or individuals. No school is free except the Theological School. Self-sup­ port is developed as far as possible in all the other schools. Of the 48 girls’ schools, 27 of them with 1,412 girls (and 17 boys), are financed by the Egyptians themselves; 15, with 2,881 pupils, of whom 383 are boys, by the Board of Foreign Missions; and 6 schools, with 908 pupils, by the Women’s Board. In the following report, the geographical order is adhered to.*

ALEXANDRIA.

CENTRAL SCHOOL. Concerning the Girls’ Central School at Alexandria, Miss Finney writes: “The past year in Alexandria has seen beginnings and endings as far as part of the educational work for girls is concerned. “It was the desire and aim of the Alexandria missionaries that the school opened for girls in the new building should be one in addition to the four already existing. It was to be so equipped as to reach a class o f peo­ ple desiring special training for their daughters and willing to pay for it

* To preserve a degTee of uniformity b etw een the Board’s Annual R eports, the arrangement of this section of the Educational Report was c h a n g e d from the form in which it was submitted by the Mission. Egypt— Educational Report. 103

and support the school. The attempt was made and we believe it could have been a success in time. “In the judgment of some of the missionaries of the station it seemed best to close the Moharren Bey School, which was in a rented building. By closing it, a greater saving could be effected than by any other means. It must be confessed that it was done very reluctantly, for the school was in prime condition. The six months previous to the closing showed the best record it had ever made. But, deliberately against some opposition, the school was closed with the idea that some time in the future it might be re-opened on a different basis. “All this made it necessary to change the character of the new school as we could not but accept a great many of our Moharren Bey pupils who could not pay in full. By so doing we have lowered the standard we had aimed for, and thus weakened our hope of making the new school self- supporting. “Since the first of October this school has made progress. In October we had 94 pupils, in February 137, thus equaling the Moharren Bey School that was closed. There are no more vacant seats. “It was our hope to have a boarding department, but it being difficult to make this department immediately self-supporting, the idea was aband­ oned for the present but with the hope that it may be a reality in the near future. As a substitute for this we have a noon lunch department where about 25 children lunch with us. This has made our school popular, and being self-supporting, it is not a drain on our funds. “The kindergarten department, under the efficient direction of Miss Katherine Graham, is one of the most pleasing features of our school. This department is practically self-supporting.' The school is already meeting an important need in this city. “Already some of our girls are becoming enthusiastic in Christian work and anxious to help others. Our Sabbath school is an inspiration. “This report would not be complete'without commending Miss Mitchell for her help and counsel in the affairs of the school, especially during my two months absence in India.”

HARET EL-YAHUD GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

Of this school Miss McClenahan says: “Perhaps the most interesting event of this year’s work was the gradu­ ation in February, 1910, of five of the girls, together with four from the Moharren Bey School. They had completed the course of a first grade school. The exercises were held in the auditorium of the new building. There was a splendid program in which the graduates had the leading part, and in which all children from both schools had some part. This added to the charm of the new building and made a wonderful impression on all present. Almost the first thing the children asked after it was over was, ‘How long will it be until I take my certificate?’ It seems to have put a uew impetus into the school work for each has this ideal before her. “In April two of the graduates began to teach in this school and have been doing very faithful work. Two of the others have been teaching in other schools, while the fifth is attending a French school. “This fall, in order to make our school a Third Grade School, as recom­ mended by the Committee on Education of Girls, the advanced grades were sent to the new Central School. “Just before the school closed in. July, three of the girls recited the selec­ tions of Miss Helen Gould and received the prizes, a nice Arabic Bible to each successful candidate. It was simply marvelous to hear them recite chapter after chapter, being told only the name of the book, chapter and verse. ^ Several more will receive the prize this July. “It is interesting to go to the Bible classes occasionally and hear the little ones tell the simple Bible stories they have learned day by day, or reciting their Psalms from memory.” 104 Egypt— Educational Report.

KAFR ASHARI SCHOOL.

Mrs. Thos. J. Finney reports: “This school is in a densely populated and yet little known district of Alexandria. Although there are many fine schools in the city, there is none iu this district. There is thus a fine opening for our school. There has been an enrolment of 48, of whom 38 were Moslems. “The women and children are densely ignorant and in great need of the light, and what better way of imparting this light than through the daily Bible lesson and the daily example of the missionary going in and out be­ fore them. “If a young lady could devote her whole time, there is an unlimited op­ portunity for her in this school, especially in the development of the evangelistic work among the mothers of the girls. During the past year the school was moved into a larger and better building. It is hoped that this will bring a larger number of children, and that still better results will follow.”

KARMUZ.

Miss Loretta Mitchell, of Alexandria, writes: “ ‘Yes, ya Sitt, your school is a good one; it is like a light house in on* midst,’ so spoke a Mohammedan woman about our school in Karmuz. “ It is certainly an interesting one situated in the midst of that great Mohammedan quarter, and seventy of our eighty girls are Mohammedans. The political and religious unrest in Alexandria the past year had no ef- ftct toward the decrease of attendance, as it did in some other schools in the city. Quite to the contrary is the statement made by one of the teach'- ers, ‘The school is three times fuller than it was three years ago; we have more girls; there is greater regularity in attendance, and the girls manifest a deeper interest in their work.’ “Often when their Bible lesson is ended they ask for more time and say. ‘Tell us some more.’ They feel very proud to possess Bibles of their own. ‘I just love to work among these girls,’ said the head teacher, ‘I ’d rather work among these poor girls than be in a High School,’ *and her faithful­ ness proves her deep interest in it. So far there have been half day ses­ sions only, but so many more girls would be reached if the school could be open all day.”

ZAKAZIK

CENTRAL SCHOOL. Miss McConaughy, of the Zakazik Central School, writes:

"The attendance for the year was good. Our teachers were efficient and interested in their work in its broader sense, the training of the pupils to become upright and useful Christian women. The leavening of Christian' teaching, example and influence showed its effect in the improved conduct ot the girls. The larger girls especially showed such a helpful, unselfish spirit toward those younger and not so advanced as themselves. One joined the church and has become a primary teacher. “Almost one-half of the number enrolled were Mohammedans. During vacation, some Moslems interested in the two schools of their own for girls, seized the opportunity to induce a number of our girls of their own faith, to enter their schools. Fear of our religion keeps many away from us. Also in vacation time the Coptic school, which existed for a year and r. half, ceased to be, so that many of the girls returned to us. “One of the trials this year was the removal of so many of our girls an<; many of them were of those most advanced, to other towns. It seems i" Egypt— Educational Report. 105 credible that the girls who were our pupils last year are scattered along the Nile Valley from Damutta to Khartum. This continual moving from town to town is a great hindrance in the education of Egyptian girls. One of those who moved, a Mohammedan, and a member of our highest class, (was bo loathe to give up her studies that she continued taking her lessons by post for several months. vOur Junior Missionary Society, consisting of the larger girls, contri­ buted $8 in their regular monthly meetings. They gave a thankoffering of $15, beside $16 direct to the Fowler Orphanage. “Thanks are due to the First Church, New Concord, O., Juniors and Mrs. Cromise for special contributions. The seed has been planted; we trust the Lord to give the increase.”

KAFR EL HU KAMA PRIMARY SCHOOL.

Miss McConaughy reports as follows:

“Early in the year a class of eight girls was promoted to the Central ¡School in Zakazik, having completed the course of study allowed in this school. The average monthly attendance was thirty-six, and the number enrolled during the year was seventy-nine. They made good progress, and at the end of the year another class was ready to be promoted. This is encouraging, but the fact that so many girls were kept from the streets makes me thankful. In school they have their Bible and other lessons, all of which is for their improvement. But in the streets they learn nothing but evil talk and wickedness. When we see the dozens and dozens of girls in the streets our hearts yearn over them. “Each Sabbath afternoon most of the pupils came together for Sabbath school and were taught the lesson. Every Friday afternoon the women's prayer meeting was held in the school usually addressed by the pastor, Rev. Sadik, in simple talks that the larger girls could understand. For this meeting the Women’s Missionary Society was substituted once a month. The society gave a thankoffering of $7, and the sum of their regular of­ fering was also $7.

MONSURAH.

CENTRAL SCHOOL.

Miss Bell writes:

“We are thankful to record another year of blessing from the hand of the Lord. Our school has been crowded during the entire year. Many have been turned away because of lack of room. Ours is the only girls’ school in Monsurah where the Bible has a place in the course of study, so it is like sending the little ones away from the fold, when we cannot take them in. God has been good in giving us good efficient helpers. W e long and pray for real conversions among the girls, many of whom at times, seem very near the Kingdom.”

BENHA. CENTRAL SCHOOL. Miss Pieken writes: .

“Our little school is slowly but surely recovering from a long drawn out siege of bitter opposition. At the beginning of the year a rich Mohamme­ dan brought his daughter and said he was willing to pay full tuition for three months in advance providing she was excused from all religious les­ sons. After explaining to him that such lessons would teach her to love her parents more instead of hating and disobeying them, and that gradually she would become polite, he finally consented and left, calling down bless­ io6 Egypt— Educational Report.

ings on the one who would do her best to change a donkey into a Bweet ch ild! “As a contrast to this, a few days later, a prominent Copt brought two daughters and said he did not expect them to learn very much, because they were small, but if they learned how to pray he would be satisfied.'

TANTA.

GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL. Miss Alda B. Atchison reports: “It is with the utmost joy that we look back upon the year and see what great things the Lord has done for us. Prior to the beginning of the fall term, the boarding department, opened last year, recorded little history for itself except the introductory stages. Since the first of September, the beds and dining tables have been so well filled that an inquiry at the close of the year concerning two prospective first class boarders tested our in­ genuity to provide for two when there was room for only one. “Our regular boarders number 16, representing 8 towns in the Tanta district and the city of Alexandria. Of the sixteen, six are from the fami­ lies of Coptic priests. Three of the Mohammedan boarders were formerly boarders in a Catholic school, another from a Government school for girls in Cairo. Our baby is from a prominent Mohammedan family, which has built in Tanta a mosque, a boys’ and a girls’ school, and a splendidly equipped hospital. “During prayer one Sabbath afternoon in their Junior meeting this same child hesitated for a moment before the close of her prayer when a fellow student, a Mohammedan Pasha’s daughter, whispered, ‘In the name of Jesus Christ.’ The prompter was the next to follow, and greatly was the leader of the meeting surprised and touched to hear from Mohammedan lips, ‘Fill our superintendent and teachers with Thy Spirit, O Lord.’ This child only a few months before had been unwilling to show her reverence by kneeling in prayer. Her little cousin, Asia, was not provided with a hat when she was brought later, because, as her father said, the Sheikh of their religion forbade her wearing the ‘Infidels’ head dress. “Another evidence of the Spirit’s working in our home was the expres­ sion of the full heart of still another Mohammedan boarder upon hearing about Christ’s great sacrifice in descending from the Father’s throne to take the nature of man and live in poverty, that through His poverty we might be rich, when she exclaimed, ‘And did He do all that for us?’ “The opening of the boarding house department led us to visit many vil­ lages in the district. Now that the rooms are filled there is not the same inducement to continue these visits until we have places to offer prospective boarders. As yet our hopes for a suitable school home have not been real­ ized. Still we believe our Father has rich provision in store for the work He has so definitely guided and blessed. “ There has been added to our teaching staff one of our own graduates. The spirit of our teachers has been more decidedly evangelistic this year. One in particular has done much effective personal work among the girls. As a result of her efforts, the Christian girls of the two upper classes gathered together upon their own initiative to pray with one of their Mohammedan classmates for the restoration to health of her sister-in-law. a bride of only a few weeks. They and she all knelt in silence, joining in the same petition to the Lord Jesus, whom she declared to be the one physician able to do what human physicians knew no remedy for. “Looking upward we are led to acknowledge ‘Hitherto hath the Lord helped us,’ and looking outward to add, ‘There remaineth yet very much land to be possessed.’ ” Egypt— Educational Report. 107

CAIRO.

GIRLS’ COLLEGE.

M ISS ELLA O. KYLE, PRINCIPAL.

SUMMARY.

Enrolment for year 1910 ...... 272 Present enrolment (March) 1911 220 No. boarders ...... ' ...... 67 No. day p u p ils ...... 205 272 Nationalities— Egyptians 162 Others . . . 110 272 Religions— Protestants 44 Copts .... 81 Moslems . 67 Others . . . 80 272

Miss Kyle writes: “The year 1910, which records the first year’s work in the Girls’ College is full of interest and blessings. We can say, ‘Hitherto He hath helped us.’ "On Monday, December sixth, 1909, the College was opened with twenty- one pupils the first day, seventeen of whom were Mohammedans. “A few days later the Ezbakiyah Boarding School was divided, lie principal, some of the teachers and girls being transferred to the new College. There was a steady increase of pupils throughout the year, the total enrolment being 272. We had been praying that a great and effectual door be opened up to the Mohammedans, so it was most encouraging to have 67 of them the first year, 14 of them being in the boarding department. “Our school commends itself to all. The pupils are from the best classes ot' the Egyptian population. Among the Mohammedan boarders are a daughter and a granddaughter of the private secretary and chief advisor of the Ex-Sultan of Turkey, who is now living in Egypt. There are among the students enrolled in the College the daughters of 30 Pashas and 115 Beys. “There has been much written recently in the daily Arabic papers against missions. Mohammedans have been advised not to send their daughters to our schools, so naturally we' expected a smaller number, but instead we have had more. In September one request after another come from Mo­ hammedan parents asking that their daughters be excused from Bible study. The proprietor and editor of one of the largest daily newspapers in Egypt came and tried to secure a promise not to oblige the Mohammedan girls to study the Bible. We made no compromise, but told him firmly and plainly that our College is a Christian college and that its curriculum pro­ vides training in Christian morality and the Christian religion, open to all, but while we cannot change our programme of study we compel no one to enter the College.« “The Bible has a charm and profound influence upon all who study it. There has been no further opposition in our school. Tw o Mohammedan girls who stood out so strongly «.gainst entering a Bible class, are now much interested in their lesson. ,The fact that so many are receiving a Christian education means many hearts are being prepared to receive and believe God’s W ord. W e were pleased to note the spirit o f love existing among the Christian girls and shown to those of other religions; this, we nope, will do much to lead others to the Master. “Not having a chapel, we have been holding the preaching service, Sab- hath school and Christian Endefevor Society in what was meant for the girls’ io8 • Egypt— Educational Report.

sitting room. There is a pressing need for a church building, as many of our people in this vicinity would worship with us had we a place large enough to accommodate them. "The College opening on u'ebruary 18, was the occasion of graduating exercises of a class? of twelve girls, who had completed the course of study in the Ezbakiyah Boarding School, and who were permitted to hold their final exercises in the new college building. These girls received the Pri­ mary Certificate. “The second and most memorable event was when Colonel Roosevelt officiated in the dedication of the college building. An informal reception was given him in the College just before the exercises began. In a big tent on the grounds, in which were gathered about 1400 people, the dedication was held. The Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., of the Mission, presided. Rev. John Giffen, D.D., welcomed Colonel Roosevelt and this was followed by the dedicatory address by Colonel Roosevelt. He spoke in the highest terms of the work of our missions from the Sobat River to Alexandria. Dr. Howard Bliss, president of Beirut College, then made an address. Dr. Watson closed the exercises by thanking Colonel Roosevelt for honoring us with his presence. “In December a class of eleven was graduated from the Primary Depart­ ment. Of these two classes of 23 girls, four were Mohammedans. Seven of the graduates have become teachers and seven returned to the College for further study. "At our last communion, which was on Christmas morning, three of our large girls united with the church. What more beautiful Christmas gift to our Saviour could we have given than these dear girls? There were two others who wanted to unite, but who could not get the consent of their parents. These are some of the ‘first fruits’ of our College. The Sabbath school attendance has been most encouraging. “The home life in the school is beautiful and most effective. Such in­ fluence does bear fruit. “Friends at home have responded most liberally to our appeal for funds t<* furnish dormitories and class rooms. Our beds all are occupied. Our hearts are heavily weighed down by the large debt resting upon our new building. We pray most earnestly that the Lord may send the needed funds to relieve us of this burden. "We believe the Lord has shown us that He has a great work for our College to do, by His sending us such a large number of girls of the better families, a class we were before not able to reach largely—especially tiie upper class of Mohammedans. “The American and Arabic speaking teachers do a great deal of visiting in the homes and always receive a most cordial welcome. “Contributions of the School for religious purposes were as follows: thankoffering $145.00; Sabbath school, $119.00; C. E. Society, $61.00; total $325.00. “Special donations were received from Mrs. Hoe of New York; Mrs. Mc­ Cormack, of Des Moines; the L. M. S., of Steubenville, O .; the Ladies’ and I;. M. S., of Dale’s Memorial Church, Phila., and Mrs. Matheson, of Paris. Thanks are hereby tendered to all of these and to Dr. Murison Bey, who has favored us with free medical attendance.”

EZBAKIYAH GIRLS’ BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL.

Miss Martin writes from Cairo as follows: • “Beginning the year in a very straightened financial condition and much reduced in numbers as most of the wealthier girls from both day and board­ ing school had been transferred to the newly opened college; with almost the same grade of school to maintain and teachers to support, the outlook was not the most hopeful. It has been, however, a year of signal blessing. “Miss Margaret Giffen, who had given three years of most efficient ser­ vice to the school, kindly agreed to remain with us another year, which meant more for the school than we are able here to express. Miss Pugh, Egypt— Educational Report. 109 from the Newark, O., city schools, was added to our teaching force, and they, with the teachers in the Arabic department, have given most efficient faithful work for the three hundred girls who have been ours to train. We wish to record our thanks for the large number of girls sent to us; for the degree of health and strength given us, especially to our teachers; for be­ ing able to secure a satisfactory music teacher here—when we were not able to secure one from home, and for the multitude of blessings, too many to enumerate. “We have been especially glad to have had thirty-four Mohammedan girls and about the same number of Jewesses. The oldest of the Mohamme­ dan girls is interested in her Bible study, and is giving real thought and Lime to it. We hope to have her in the boarding department next year. Her mother seems willing, but is not able to pay in full. We have had five Mohammedan girls in the boarding department since September, one of them being sent to us by our Alexandx-ia missionaries. She was about to be married to a man old enough to be her father. Recently she wrote to her brother, ‘We are always hearing the Bible, and I pray to God that lie will help me to understand and believe it.’ A class of twelve girls com­ pleted the course in 1910 and were permitted to hold their graduating -ex­ ercises in the new college building. “A class of fifteen will complete the course and receive their certificates in June, 1911. Some must begin teaching at once; others, we hope, will enter the college. Most of them have received Bibles, the gift of Miss Gould for memorizing her list of selections. We must just lay hold of the promise: ‘My word shall not return unto me void.’ It is being faith­ fully taught day by day. Many are committing it; twelve girls and one teacher have received Bibles and two classes of about forty girls are almost ready to be examined. More have studied it in Sabbath school. Our daily attendance in Sabbath school increased from eighty to one hundred and twenty-five. “The gifts of the girls to the Lord’s work through the Sabbath school was about one hundred dollars, and through the Missionary Society, one hundred seven and a half dollars. “We are grateful in this year of need to those who remembered us with special gifts. Thanks are due the Ladies’ Missionary Society, of Steuben­ ville, O .; to Miss Catherine Dayton, of Pasadena, Cal., and to tourists.”

HARET ES-SAKKAIN SCHOOL.

Miss Walker, of this school in Cairo, says: “In glancing over the statistics for 1910, we notice a decrease of 19. This year the enrolment was 166. This may be accounted for in two ways. The greater reason surely is the unsanitary location of the school, it being between two narrow streets and naturally the air is foul in the lower rooms occupied by the little ones. No sunshine enters these rooms and none of your dear American readers can fully realize what it means in Egypt to be deprived of sunshine. Time and again mothers have requested that their little ones be allowed to sit up stairs in the church when not reciting; the other reason is the existence of four Mohammedan schools for girls in our district. This shows that they are beginning to realize that we have many of their girls. A new school was opened this year in which one of our last year’s college graduates is employed, together with two other Syrian teachers/ And yet three girls passed this school daily and came to us. One has dropped out now because her parents think her too large to be seen in the streets. Even with the existence of these schools, out of our 166 pupils last year, 36 were Mohammedans. “With but one exception there has been no objection to the Bible lesson and that was a most disappointing one. It was one of our larger girls who we thought was really influenced by Christian teaching, and let us hope she really is. One morning after chapel she came to the superintendent and said, ‘My father says I'm not to read in Romans again. Last night when 1 was reading he asked what it was, took it from me and said I was not to read in it again.’ Such a statement was a shock from her for never before had her father made any objection to the Bible. Imagine our disappoint- n o Egypt— Educational Report.

nient in the girl when we learned it was all an untruth. I felt that I couldn’t trust her again but was reminded by our head teacher how often we all fail and yet our Master keeps on loving and trusting us. “Diphtheria was quite prevalent in our district, and just before Christ­ mas one of our little ones was taken. The whole school was saddened for she was a favorite with all. “There has been no evidence of a real change of heart in any of the girls, yet they are interested in all their lessons, take an active part in the Mis­ sionary and C. IS. Societies and give liberally. They have begun to support a pupil in the Girls’ Boarding School in Khartum North. Our five teach­ ers have been a real help and encouragement all through the year.”

FAGGALA SCHOOL.

Miss Thompson writes: “The total enrolment was 291; average daily attendance, 188; teachers, 8. The tuitions amounted to more than one thousand dollars. “Miss Kerr was associated with Miss Thompson in the superintendence of the school until the end of June, then was appointed to the Kullali School to fill the vacancy left by Miss Paden, who is on furlough in America. “Two of the teachers who received their early training in the school and later in Ezbakiyah, for a time, made a public profession of their faith and were received into the church last spring. Another, a graduate of Ezbakiyah School, was married in October to one of our young preachers. She wrote recently of her great help to him in many ways. “ Quite a number of the classes are learning Miss Helen Gould's Scripture list which they recite every two weeks at either the Missionary or Temper­ ance Society. The former’s subscriptions amounted to $33 and the thank- offering to $35. The larger girls take an active interest in the C. E. So­ ciety, and a number will lead in prayer. “This school has a good many small boys in it and recently a visitor re­ marked, ‘I did not know you had co-education in Egypt.’ When the boys get to be eight or ten they are sent to boys’ schools.”

KULLALI SCHOOL.

Miss Kerr, of Cairo, says: “The enrolment has not reached so high a mark as last year. Some of the girls are attending an Industrial School in the same district while others are in other schools. There were 28 Mohammedans enrolled, several of whom took great delight in the Bible lessons. One little girl had been in school two months when her uncle took ill and died. The friends told the mother it was all because this child was in a Christian school. The child was consequently removed, but asks for Sabbath school cards whenever I see her and we hope the seed sown in that child heart may bring forth fruit for the Master. "There is a Christian Endeavor Society made up of the larger girls. The teachers direct it, helping the girls to lead, thus teaching them to lead in prayer and conduct the meeting. The little tots meet in another room where they are given lessons of kindness and helpfulness as well as beinc taught Bible texts. “The earnest spirit of the teachers is one of the most encouraging fea­ tures of the work.” Egypt— Educational Report. h i

FUM EL-KHALIG SCHOOL.

Miss Smith writes from Cairo as follows: “There were enrolled 86 ; 62 girls and 24 boys. Of these 29 were Mo­ hammedans. After many drawbacks and trials, this school was finally equipped with two earnest, hard working teachers, and from the beginning of the year the school began to prosper. The pastor as before held a weekly prayer meeting in the school attended by a few men and a good number of women besides the pupils. There was an average attendance at this meet­ ing of 69. A Moslem school was opened in opposition to us in another part of the same building but still our school held its own. The teachers, in their determination to lose none of their pupils, although they needed rest, taught through the hot month of July for which they knew they could draw no salary except what they received from tuitions. “There was no meeting of the Missionary Association until fall but on account of financial stress all over the field, the Cairo missionaries resolved in August to see where a saving could be made in this station. Something had to be done so that the new Girls’ College could be carried on. As this school was the only one in a rented house, they decided that it must be closed in order to make a saving. “It was hard to see this school closed, as it is doing a most needy work in that part of the city in which there is no other Christian school.”

SHUBRA SCHOOL AND THE FOWLER ORPHANAGE.

This school is in connection with the Orphanage and under Miss Smith’s supervision. Number of pupils, ioo; girls, 8o; boys, 20. The whole number of pupils outside of the Orphan­ age was 56. Their tuitions amounted to $205. Miss Smith says: “These pupils were of the better class and able to pay tuitions. The ex­ pense not met by tuitions was met by the Orphanage. There were three teachers, only one of whom knows English and without English we cannot get paying pupils. Hence much of the time of the missionary in charge must be given to this. Our girls have made progress, especially those of the Orphanage who prepare their lessons at night and have the help of the teachers. They also learn by reading verse about at family prayers in the morning. “We are surrounded by Catholic neighbors who opened a school in an­ other part of the house where we live. This gives the teachers and girls an opportunity to bear some things, which are unpleasant, for the sake of peace or rather for H is sake.”

The report of the Fowler Orphanage is as follows: “The voluntary gifts the past year were $1549 and the expenses were the same. ‘It is fitting that we begin our report with thanksgiving and praise to God for His loving fatherly care during another year and to say that not once knowingly asking aid of any one but Himself, all our needs have been supplied, often in such wonderful ways as to rebuke our feeble faith and make it plain that it was He who sent the relief. He has also taken away all anxiety on our part. All expenses except the water and rent were met by voluntary contributions which were paid by the interest of the Fowler Fund. “The school in connection with the Orphanage was a new burden this but the tuitions with help from the Orphanage covered that also. During the year nine orphans were received, two of whom were on trial m only a s^or^ time. We have lost three—a dear little ten-year- old Mohammedan was stolen by her father and married soon after becaijse 112 Egypt— Educational Report.

lie feared she might become a Christian; next was a little Syrian whose mother is living a disreputable life. The mother was compelled to pay the sum mentioned in the contract, hoping she would leave the child, but she refused to do so. The third, a Jewess, was taken away recently—being stolen by her mother, also on account of the religion of Jesus. We trust these dear girls may remember what they learned while with us and we have the com fort o f God’s sure prom ise: ‘ So shall My W ord be that goeth forth out of My mouth, it shall not return unto Me void !’ “The little one with tuberculosis is still with us and lives on the roof. Mr. Coventry built us two neat rooms there where she sleeps at night witli two of the larger girls. “ W e have had a good deal of ophthalmia and influenza. Those who were able were taken to Dr. Farid Abdulla’s clinic, where often as many as thirteen were treated free at one time. For those who were not able to go to the clinic Dr. Murison, who kindly gives his services free, was called. “ One of the Mohammedan girls who desires baptism has epileptic fits. She is eared for by her sister, who also wishes to be a Christian. The blind, widowed mother is anxious to get her child that she may take her to the tomb of some dead sheikh and have a ceremony for her or take her to one who pretends to cast out evil spirits. “All our six Mohammedan girls have asked for baptism, three giving strong evidence of a change of heart. They have been delayed for further instruc­ tions. Ten girls were examined by the pastor for admission to the church, but two only were accepted, making the number of church members in the Orphanage sixteen. All the larger girls are members except the two Mo­ hammedans, who will wait until they are older as there is no religious free­ dom in this land. “There have been times of deep spiritual awakening and sorrow for sin, then again there has been a spirit of insubordination to the teachers by a few of the older girls. “At our last committee meeting, a dear, dirty, half starved, cross-eyed baby girl was given to us to bring up for the Lord. What little she wore, even the tuft of hair on the top of her head was cast into the fire. Nothing remained of her former trousseau except a few beads and two iron rings. Her name is Mitemina but we call her Timmy for short. She is learning rapidly and is doing much good not only in teaching the girls what their mother and grandmothers never knew, that is, how to care for a baby, but she is a preacher also causing those who love .her dearly to be thoughtful and careful lest they be a stumbling block to this, His little one. “It has been a great inspiration to have the sympathy and help of the committee in times of perplexity. Dr. Pollock has come all the way from Tanta to examine those to be received into the Orphanage. So many have helped us that we haven’t space to mention their names, but the Lord will reward them every one. Rev. Salih, our pastor, has been exceedingly kind and helpful in spiritual as well as temporal things. “Many persons of whom we knew nothing have sent help just in the time of need and who but God could know the need and who but Him who calls Himself the Father of the fatherless, would care so constantly and so ten- * derly? “At Christmas and the New Year, the good things literally poured in upon us; a Christmas tree, presents of clothing, food and sweets, fruits, nuts, and dolls, until we were amazed. But why should we be astonished for that is just His Royal Way and blessed be His name and to Him be all the glory.”

BENI STTEF.

CENTRAL SCHOOL. Mrs. Walker, who is in charge, writes : . “Our enrolment shows an increase of only sixteen, though our daily at­ tendance is much better than before. The Mission paid $54 more than the previous year but the change that was made possible by that a m o u n t of rfioney is worth many times the amount. Egypt— Educational Report.

“It. is much more like a school than before. The girls arc willing to buy books, will go into the classes where they belong more readily than before, and some really study at home. “The head master of the Government Boys’ School, who is greatly inter­ ested in education for girls and who visits us, said during his visit this week: ‘Your school has improved a hundred times since I last called.’ He was especially pleased with the girls’ politeness, but also remarked on their cleanliness and their English. “We are most thankful for two new teachers. One is a Primary teacher. When in great straits for one we decided to ask one of our girls who had gotten too big to go to school to join our staff. We feared the family would not hear to it but, on the contrary, they were pleased. She received $3 per month for teaching 30 children during the forenoon. It has made a differ­ ence in the girl herself. She is so happy in her work, looking after them if they do not come every day, hunting up new girls, taking part in the W om ­ en’s Meeting, bringing strangers to it, and her children too are learning rapidly. “We are also pleased with our second teacher. She and the head teacher work together beautifully. She arranges for the Christian Endeavor Meet­ ing which is held instead of chapel on Friday morning. Although she has none of the older girls in her classes, still in her quiet way and in private talks with the girls she has a good influence over them. She realizes that the girls get what the teachers give and she gives them a splendid example. “There is such a good spirit among them! There has been no quarreling for a long time and very few kept the feast this Christmas though they usually have been very strict. The committing of the Helen Gould verses has helped them a very great deal. “Miss Elsie French gives her allotted time to teaching English in the school. She is doing splendid work not only in the regular teaching but in wise planning and by her sweet influence.”

FAIYTJM. CENTRAL SCHOOL. Miss Alfaretta Hammond reports the following:

“The past year has been well used by most of the girls, so that when the final examinations came at the end of December nearly every one was pro­ moted, giving each a new impetus for study again. “On the 30th of December we had the largest class to graduate in the his­ tory of the school. There were nine girls; two Protestants, two Catholics, and five Copts, while the other Coptic member of the class failed. Nine of the class received the Helen Gould Bibles as prizes for memorizing her se­ lections from the Bible. The lower classes are now memorizing them also. The class which is to finish one course during the coming year has seven­ teen members now. “During the first few months of the year, there was an attendance of about 165 pupils, but at the beginning of March, the Coptic society here opened a new girls’ school (in connection with their well known boys’ school), and took over thirty of our rich Coptic girls, and others since that time. This made it hard for us to get the required tuition, for most of our girls are from the working class and some are not able to pay anything, but we are glad to say that money matters have been improving lately. “Also the Catholics dedicated a fine, new girls’ school in December, and they took a few more of our pupils. “During the past two years, three well equipped girls’ schools have been built here—a Mohammedan, a Coptic and a Catholic school. They have better buildings and equipment than we have, but our five teachers are much better educated, and are better teachers than theirs are, so some of our old pupils have returned to us. “Notwithstanding this drain, on our pupils, we have the largest attend­ ance of any of the above-mentioned schools (unless it is the Mohammedan Governor’s School), for there was a daily attendance of 140 during Novem­ ber and December, and a term enrolment of 175. We need another teacher, hut are too poor to employ one now. 114 Egypt— Educational Report.

“There has been a live interest in Christian Endeavor and Missionary So­ ciety work, and each pupil is anxious to have a part. There has been less opposition to Bible study than usual, only one or two objecting. “Unfortunately there has been a decrease in the attendance of the Mo­ hammedan girls, though we have always had a few. “One bright, little six-year-old learned to pray by listening to our chapel prayers and the Lord’s Prayer; and was so delighted in ‘talking to God,’ as she called it, that she tried to teach her father, a Mohammedan Bey. This made him so angry that he beat her severely for using Christian prayers. Later, her mother (who is, or was a Christian), when she heard of the child's effort, and how angry it had made the father, whipped the little child and told her never to pray before her father again, or at any other time. But the child kept on, even though she knew it meant a whipping by each par­ ent. Then they took her out of school, but her neighbors say she still prays occasionally. She plead so much to return that finally they allowed her to come for three m onths; but have- taken her out again, and now she is in the Governor's School. “Another little nine-year-old Mohammedan girl came several months and made rapid progress. In her Bible class, no one could commit the verses more quickly nor explain them more clearly. Suddenly she disappeared, and no one could account for her absence. One day, I met her on the street, and when I inquired the cause, she said, ‘O, Miss Hammond, what a great pity that you taught me about Jesus, for now my parents will not let me come any more! O ! how I want to come back, for you were all so kind to me, and 1 love you each one as much as my eyes!”

ASSIUT. PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE.

The Misses Ruth A. W ork and Anna B. Criswell in charge. Miss Work says: “The Lord of Hosts has indeed been with us and the God of Jacob has been our refuge during the past months. The year began with special meetings for Bible study, conducted by Miss Grace Saxe, followed by very helpful evangelistic meetings held in the Girls’ School and some union meetings with the boys of the College. Having begun in the Lord, we have been re­ ceiving special marks of God’s favor and presence throughout the year. Our crowning blessing was that of seeing 27 of our girls confess Christ at the communion service in the College church. At this service 71 members of our school— teachers and pupils— communed together at the Lord’s table. “No radical changes have taken place in the school and we have had no specially exciting experiences. Good, effective work has been done in all departments of the school. Not that there have been no interesting happen­ ings for with a family of over 300 girls, h a lf of them living in the school, and with constant dealings with the parents and friends of these same girls, life can never be monotonous. “ There have been dark days when our hearts were saddened by the creep­ ing in of sins that threatened to spoil the work of grace in our children’s, hearts, but again we have been gladdened by victories won over sin and lives turned to true, loyal service for Christ. “Our offerings in the monthly missionary meetings have been larger by three pounds than ever before. We think that the thankoffering will be larger than ever before, and that it will be truly a thankoffering for we have had the boxes in use throughout the year instead of giving them to the classes a month or two before the annual meeting. “Our chapel exercises on Thanksgiving Day showed that the spirit of gratitude was very present. After songs of praise and prayer and the re­ cital of the 103d Psalm in concert, many of the girls and teachers told of special blessings they had received. “The normal training classes for some of our younger Egyptian teach­ ers and for our‘seventh year girls have been one o f the most encouraging features of the year’s work and never before did we so fully realize the \

Egypt— Educational Report. 115

beneficent effects of this training. Especially has it developed some of the more retiring girls. Dealing with the little tots has developed a beauty and gentleness of character that has delighted us who have been watching the growth of the department. “One of the most interesting events of the year was the commencement exercises in December. Five girls received their diplomas, two from the Ara­ bic Department and three from the English Department. The latter had done extra work in English as well as in French and piano and were the first of our girls to give their graduating essays in English.. All the girls have done excellent work and were highly commended for their essays and for their delivery by Hismet Pasha, the Minister of Education, who was our guest of honor and who presented the diplomas.”

LUXOR.

BOARDING SCHOOL.

Miss Helen J. Ferrier writes the following: “The past year in the Luxor Boarding School has been marked by a change in the superintendency and by various changes in the teaching tand servant forces. “Miss Buchanan left us the last of March for the well-earned furlough and the writer took charge, having come in January in order to learn a little of the management of the school before Miss Buchanan left. One week after Miss Buchanan’s departure, Miss Campbell, who had efficiently taken charge of the music department for two years and helped with the English, also left for home. “Various other changes followed which complicated matters at times and yet we have much for which to thank our- Heavenly Father. “Two other schools for girls have been started in the presbytery since the Luxor School closed for summer vacation. They are at Kus and Na- kada, and are taught by two graduates from Luxor. By the opening of these schools we. lost fifteen boarders, but what has been our loss has been gain to those two towns. Kus has one hundred girls and Nakada thirty-six. We can afford to lose fifteen boarders if one hundred and thirty-six are thereby given the advantages of school. “Eight of the girls have joined the church the past year, and their changed lives are a beautiful testimony to the power of Christ in the human heart. One was a Mohammedan girl, two were Copts, and five were of Protestant families. These eight girls with two others have organized a little prayer circle which meets every two weeks with the writer. The girls bring in any special requests, and they are mostly for unsaved souls in school. “This year has been marked by the memorable visit of Colonel Roosevelt to our school. Also by the meeting of the Synod of the Nile for the first IjUXOr when they helped dedicate our nice, new, commodious church. “With deep regret we saw Dr. and Mrs. Pollock transferred to the Delta. we ^ave ^r" services in the school but the rather has helped us bear the loss by keeping serious sickness from our midst. ‘Our blessings have been manifold but we wish before closing to record a of one hundred pounds on New Year’s .Day, 1911, from Luxor's oittime friend, Miss Agnes Bruce. May the Kind Father reward her.” n 6 Egypt— Educational Report.

SYNOD’S SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS. SUMMARY. No. of schools ...... 27 No. of pupils:— In 27 schools ...... 1412 girls In Synod’s boys’ s c h o o ls ...... 434 girls 1841 i Total cost of Synod’s schools ...... $3,922 Paid by the people ...... $3,522 Paid by the M ission ...... 400 $3,922 Synod’s schools for girls are all located on the banks of the Nile in Upper Egypt, south of Cairo. The phrase, “Synod’s Schools,” stands for schools opened by our Protestant people, managed and supported by them. These schools— there are 27 of them with 1846 girls under instruction— are almost entirely self-supporting, either by means of the fees paid by the pupils or by sums paid by friends and patrons of education or by both. They are, in general, un­ der the superintendence of the native pastors, teachers and people. Some o f them are large, flourishing schools, well housed and well attended, notably the Khaiyatt School, the schools at Minyah, Keneh, Kus, Bahgurah. The Khaiyatt Girls’ School at Assiut is supported by the in­ fluential family of that name. They have erected a large, com­ modious building of two stories, furnished it, and provide the entire current budget each year. It has had during 1910 an enrolment of 265, of whom only 90 were Protestants, the re­ mainder, 175, being of Coptic families. At the invitation of the head of the Khaiyatt family the superintendence of the school has been placed in the hands of the Mission. It is un­ der the oversight of Miss Hogg, but during her absence, the past year, it has been carefully cared for by Mrs. R. S. Mc- Clenahan and Mrs. Hickman. As a result of the work of the Khaiyatt School, and the other Protestant girls’ schools, there is scarcely a family in the Christian part of the population of Assiut, whether Copt or Protestant, in which there is not at least one woman who can read and write, presenting a strong contrast to the Moslem families in but few of which any female member can read or write. Assiut has become, on account of its Protestant schools, especially its girls’ schools, the best educated town in Egypt. These synodical schools are the expression of the growing desire and determination of the enlightened Egyptian to have his women taught. In all the ages since Islam has dominated Egypt, the education of women and girls has been neglected. It is only since the wide expansion and outgrowth of the Mission’s work for the education of Egypt’s women and girls has become so very manifest in the uplift of social and family life in the homes formed by women taught in the Protestant Egypt— Educational Report. i i 7 schools during the past fifty years, that Copts, and lately Mo­ hammedans, and still more recently, the Government, have un­ dertaken schools for the education of girls. It is most delight­ ful to find young women and; girls in scores of towns, even far-off villages, interested in books and newspapers. And even if the girls learn to read and possess only the Bible, do they not have the best of literature to read— whether history, poetry, story, biography, philosophy or religion, whether intellectual, ethical or devotional, enlightening, elevating, refining, sancti­ fying? These village girls’ schools are rapidly making new homes, new families and new communities in Egypt. Because of the people’s inability to support separate schools for both boys and girls, they have in many of the villages broken over the customs of the East, and sent their smaller girls to their boys’ schools— about 434 girls having been en­ rolled in the boys’ schools of Upper E gypt during 1910. SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. EGYPT MISSION, 1910.

A. S chools U nder M ission’s C are.

Staff. ENROLMENT. . 1 Bellglcm of Parents Nation’? FEES EEOEIPTS. ESmriTÜRES.

SCHOOLS. II II •a Th eological Seminary, C a ir o ,...... 1 4' 18' 18 I 18'. 17 Training College, Assist,...... $ • $ !$165$801í '...... $526$ 1492 $ $ 1332’ $ 160* 1492 1 24 825 716 109 8251. 511 816 High School,Cairo...... 40101507019080 4451081...... 11281 15939 2169 29389 412...... 1 412 412 377 338 74 3246 ...... 3246 ...... 104...... Day School, Benha...... 684 3624...... 360 3984 113!...... I 113 113. 108 94' 19 465 465 Day School, Zak&zik...... 2491 249. 651| 1116 984, 132 1116 205 24«; 844! ...... 844 36!...... !...... Day School, Monsurah...... 270 270. 240 2128 2000. 128 2128 258 12 10371 ...... 1037 72|...... '...... Day School, Alexandria...... 3 11 200! 200. 181 1060 2169 1990...... 179 2169 Day School, Luxor..*...... 120] 80 1561! ...... 1561 "Í6Í 17141 3436 2684 752 3436 2! 7 220 220;. 182 218 2 Day School, Beni Suef ...... 983' ...... 983 586i 1569 1489...... 80 1569 3' 5 187; 187;. 167 20 184 ! “ l Day School, Faiyum...... 566¡ ...... 666 ...... 381| 947 890'...... 571 947 1, 4 109] 109,. 85 24 109...... 222 ...... 222 74]...... !...... 229! 52: 431 ...... 94 525 total for Y oung Men and Boys under M ission’s care .... 10 71 ! 14 85 2603 784 18691 2603; 2056] 547 514 175 2400' 203 129341507028004 40013541185 15812 46755 25373, 17271 4111, 46765 College for Girls, Cairo,...... 1 ; 20; 1 21 205! 4! 268 272...... 44 8ll 67¡ 80 162 110 Pressly Memo. Ins,, Assiut...... 6137) 796214099 13361 1225 16F60 5405 4211 7044 16660 li 141 14 162 23; 295 313 5 185 1051 22j 6 310 8 Boarding School, Ezbekiah, Cairo,...... 8104, 3473 6577 400 537; 485 . 2380 10379 5482 1584 10379 l 1 11 1 12 253 309 280 29 39 147] 34 89 205 104 3813 Tanta Boarding School...... 1880 2047 3927 170.....J !. 1762! 5859 3314 1537 1008 5859 14 2 6 244' Sli 229 260...... 84 851 62 177: 83 Luxor Boaroing School,...... 91!) 937 1856'...... ]...... i...... 1371 8227 926 950 1351 3227 1 1 0 .....1 1 0 198 2 269 164 107 1831 5 263 8 Fowler Orphanage ICairo) ...... 618 16G1 2279] 451...... ¡ 151. 25391 5420 2313 1669 14381 5420 li 3 . 3 loo! 44 56 20 80 56 44 47 16 23 23 Day School, Hiret-es-Sakkain (Cairo)...... » 77! 205 205 186'...... 593! 984 843 1 3: 2 166.. 166 83 133 1401 26 115 36 1 165] 1 6411 984 Day School, Fagallah (Cairo)...... 518 513 6! I...... 503! 1022 184 1022 1' 2| 2911...... 291 85 206 228 63 177 28 Day School, Bulak (Cairo),...... 75 216 75 1023 1023 1561 j...... 414 1593 1337...... 256 1598 I 4 1 2641...... 264 36 228 214! 50 206 29. 2621 2 D ay School, Faiyum ...... rm 503 6 7 ...... 1...... 481Í 1051 8 6 6 ...... 13 2 2 2 0 ...... 220 210 177 43 28; 164 18 10 21? 6 185 1051 D ay School, Benha...... 355 355 4 5 ...... !...... 588| 853...... 1 2.... 511...... 51.. 10 51 48! 3 135 9f8 16l 5 48i 3 102 102 235...... D ay School, Z a k a zik ...... j.] 1; 4l 1 213]...... 213] 13 200 193 20 243. 345 110 845 98 23 187 26 612 612 16. 764 1892 958...... Day School, Kafr al Hukuma (Zakzik)...... II l 1... 95 95.. 95 85 10 434 1892 51 8 95!. 98 70, 168 8 5 ...... Day School, Monsurah ...... l! 5j.. 147 147.. 147 135 44¡ 83 168 6 133! 14 638 638 697 1335 1037...... Day School, Haret El-Vahud (Alexandria)...... li 2 3 176 176 46 130 122 25 134 298 1886 35 141 474 474 128 1 . 387 989 795; ...... 1941 989 Day School» Kafir Ashari (Alexandria) ...... li 1 48 48 8i 40 42 38! 4 48;. Day School, Karmuz *• 4 571 57 a... is;. 223 298 1 2 0 ...... 178 298 1: 2 84 84.. 84 72 12 70 H 841 120] 120— , 238...... 194 552 379.... 173 652 Day School, Bab-el-Hadid (Alexandria) . 5 182...... 132 251 107 113 19 36, 4' 63 61] 71 600 600, 3171...... 500. 1242 2659 1884...... 775] 2659 Day School, Moharrem Bey (Alexandria)...... ìi 186...... 136 23 113 118 18 55 16] 48 49 87! 576 676 86...... 746; 1408 8091...... 599; J408 Day School & Orphanage, Fum El-Khalie (Cair 1 2 ...... 86.... 86! 24 62 7l| 15 53 29 2 2 Day School, Beni Suet...... 84 7 7 ...... 1...... 323 400 136...... 264 400 1; 3 2 1 5 0 ...... 150 150 141 9 126 18 2 2 77l 148 391 ! 391 ! 5 ...... 413 809 578;...... 231 809 Votai for Young Women and Girls, under Mission' 2 1 1 0 1 ¡ 33134 3789Í 412 8B77; 3833406j 3244 645 5581887] 753] 646 190021608035082 3 5 9 4 1 53 7 1107 17J58 5753», 28698, 11680 17166] 57538 Total ScY\oo\s under Mi crvre,...... 31172 47|219 63921146 5246 ^986 3406 53001092 1344 29601267Í 821 31936.3115063086|8S>94 1 8 9 1 2 552 82970104293 54066 28951 21276('1042P8

S c h o o l s U n d e r S y n o d ’s C a r e .

RECEIPTS EXPENDITURES s * 3 u O 3£ n1 M 73 Ulfl Ö V 1O l l 0 •2s -stS.ä a T r CP is tñ^J « « a

Missioi fo£ 1 £ Total 1 £ tt! ID 7841 |D 104371. D2843, U 9522U 1635 i*s Schools, Females, ..... 40664 U 25384 . U2000 40664 1846 38314121 1397j_449 630 833! 77] 20! 17891 57 ! I 9476 35821 . 4843 * Total Synod's,. . U 174SU 800 3922 ______H 355| 9509]1846; 94711884 26756353 2205j l22l1124G, 109 3522 . 400, 8922 11265 9776 44586 39313Í . Irhnnic’ ...... |l96 392105497 6243; 44586 Schools, 1909 ...... , . . . I181 J 482 55481 31150 3994 1891 2352¡ 11265] 42746148879 5111826283 22021 1925 . . I 98409] 28951 26519]l48879 111071 41967134602 88177! 26648 19777|l34602 D—Della Schools. 400 Boys in Girls’ Schools. Paid by Egyptians : Tuition Fees $55481 434 Girls in Boys’ Schools. U—Upper Egypt School Boarding Fees 3U<50 „ „ |.hi.s exPlains apparent discrepancy under " Religions,” etc. Subsidy by Natives for their Schools *11265

o t-v . Total Paid by Egyptians $97896 s p e c ia l : Donations, tourists and friends $ 3994 Permanent Funds 1891 Miscellaneous Sources 2352 $ 8237 • $106133 M ission Treasury : Paid for all Schools including Colleges' 42746 Total Cost of 196 schools, (1910) $148879 120 Egypt— Book Department Report.

BOOK DEPARTMENT REPORT.

BY THE REV. S. A. WORK.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

1910. Scriptures : Vols. Receipts. British and Foreign Bible Society...... 9,147 $600 American Bible Society ...... 33,384 4,103

42,f>31 $4,703 Religious books ...... I6,7t>4 2,722 Educational ...... 38,595 6,046 Stationery ...... 2,400

Totals ...... 97,890 $15,871 1909. Scriptures : British and Foreign Bible Society...... 11,767 $616 American Bible Society ...... 28,759 3,450

40,526 $4,066 Religious books ...... 15,161 2,662 Educational ...... 38,424 5,562 Stationery ...... 1,636

Totals ...... 94,111 $13,926 It will be seen from the above report that there has been ad­ vance along all lines, both in amount of sales and money realized from sales, except in the Scriptures distributed by the British and Foreign Bible Society. As this report only touches the work of that Society in Benha, Tanta, Monsurah and Zakazik, we can not say that their work is falling off. We merely note that their sales in the four districts mentioned are less by almost 2000 copies. But the amount realized from these sales lacks only 16 dollars of being as much as the previous year, which would in­ dicate that the volumes sold were more whole Bibles and Testa­ ments and less of the portions. This has a real encouraging feature, as men are thus being brought in touch with the whole Gospel. In the other departments we find the greatest increases in the Scriptures of the American Bible Society, and next to this in in­ crease is the Religious Book sales. It is encouraging thus to note that the advance- has been truly along evangelistic lines. These distributions, though chiefly Arabic and English, em­ brace, as well, Scriptures in French, Italian, German, Armenian and Hebrew. The British and Foreign Society distributed many volumes to Moslems, though we do not have statistics to rep ort the number. The American Bible Society reports the distribution of 100 Bibles, 300 New Testaments, 1000 portions to Moslems. Not less than 1400 Moslems are thus reading the Scriptures in Egypt— Book Department Report. 121

whole or in part. Ttuly some of these may have bought more than one portion, but then too many of these portions no doubt are being rea,d by more than one person, and who can estimate the lives that thus are being touched by this most precious Word, “the entrance of which bringeth light and life.” The American Bible Society expended in book distribution nearly $8000, which was gathered in different parts of the world, but encouraging to relate, the Church of Egypt contributed to­ ward this work outside of Bibles bought by churches or indi­ viduals, $200; thus showing their faith in the evangelistic power of the Word. The Moslems who bought these Bibles were not satisfied mere­ ly with reading them, but have studied them and become regular attendants in many cases on church services, and many believe in secret in Christ, and their lives show the effect of His teachings, even though as yet most of them because of fear are unable to confess. It is deserving of note that at least one of the converts from among Moslems the past year, baptized into the Christian faith, received his first impression from a small copy of the Gos­ pel of Mark bought from a colporteur. Let the various superintendents and their workers speak for themselves with reference to the work in the different districts. From Alexandria the following: “The colporteurs, we think, have been trying to do faithful work. They report that they do' not always find a ready sale for the Bibles. Some people think the Bibles should be given to them without price; others look at their stock, and when they find the copies of the Bible, they re­ turn them saying, ‘These are books for Christians only to read.’ People as a rule seem more anxious to buy the daily papers, or some questionable literature, rather than the Book of Books. “The lot of the colporteur is not an easy one, for they are open to insults all the day. “The question is also asked of us, ‘Is the book-store an evan­ gelistic agency?’ W e can not help but feel that it is. It gives us an opportunity to invite different ones to the various services of the church. We also make use of the book-store here as a reading room. This branch of the work is in charge of a com­ mittee appointed by the Alexandria Christian Endeavor Society and is meeting with much success. W e feel that it is much ap­ preciated by the young men and older ones, too, who come here

Note.—The distribution of Scriptures in Egypt is largely in the hands and under the control of the two great Bible Societies, the British and Foreign, and the American. The colporteurs are almost entirely under their control and direction; the shops and shopmen, accounts and depots, are in partnership with the American Mission. The missionaries give a pertain amount of superintendence to the entire work in its operation and development. It is on this account that the sales and distribution of Scriptures are reported by our Mission. The Mission has special colpor­ teurs to distribute religious books and literature. 122 ' Egypt— Book Department Report.

from day to day to read. In addition to the Bibles in many lan­ guages and many tracts, we have both Arabic and English dailies, the Hudah (our Egyptian Church paper) and Nejm (our Sab­ bath school paper), The Occident and Orient (religious), The Moktataf, and Mobahith (Arabic journals), The Literary Digest, Christian Union Herald, Christian Herald, Sunday School Times, The Youth’s Companion and The Scientific American. “The Bible is also being read every day from the show win­ dow. We trust in this way some may become interested in the truths of the Bible. The book-store is also visite.d by those whom President T aft mentions as ‘being down and out,’— that have met hard times. These are usually sailors, who, for some reason, likely drunkenness, have been left behind. “We take the opportunity to find out something of their past history, give them a few wor.ds of comfort, and give them a ticket or two to the Rudolph Home and, if they promise to read, a copy of the Scriptures. They may seem entirely unworthy, but if they receive help from no one, what is to become of them? In some such ways as these we think the Book Department may be made quite effective as an evangelistic agency.” Mr. Kruidenier writes from Tanta: “When we ask the book­ shop men or the colporteur about their work, they emphasize the strong, very strong competition they are subjected to, owing to the increasing demand for other than our literature, and the dis­ dain they are often faced with, when offering- our religious books for sale. And yet in spite of opposition, which does not seem to grow old, and persecution an ever-present help-meet, our col­ porteurs sell books. Bibles, religious and educational books are sold. “Last year at Tanta and some in its district, although we have no religious book colporteur in it, we sold 577 religious, and 2597 educational books and tracts with 2555 Scriptures, proving not merely sales and effort, but possibilities. I wonder more at the number of the books that were sold that I inquire why they were sold. There is no demand for our religious books and Scriptures in Egypt, unless we create it ourselves. In order to sell books we must not expect that these people will come to us and buy, but we must engage men who will go out and sell them; that is, who will present them to the people, show them their value and urge their purchase. The only reason why we sold four times as many Scriptures as religious books is because of this very fact. The British and Foreign Bible Society employ, encourage and superintend their colporteurs, and the result is encouraging sales. Our Mission should do the same for our religious books, make a regular business of it to create a demand, and send forth religious book colporteurs everywhere, then we will triple and quadruple our sales. To my mind this is as much a duty as Egypt— Book Department Report. 123

conducting a school or clinic. And when we have the right men, men who are eager to sell because they value what they sell, and deem it a means of saving souls, no doubt success will so follow. In the days of the Reformation many of these workers were em­ ployed, and to them as well as the leaders, the praise is due for introducing Protestantism.” Writing of the religious book corporteur in the Monsurah dis­ trict, Mr. Thompson says: “This man has on the whole, I feel, done good work. He sells most of his books to Moslems. He has given me a number of names of men he has met and to whom he has sold books. Last fall he told me of a noted Mos­ lem sheikh of Beni Abu Sir. This man had come in touch with Dr. Kelly Giffen several years ago, and still has a fond recollec­ tion of ‘Dr. Kelly,’ as he calls him. “This sheikh I was permitted to visit some three months ago. It takes about a half hour on the train, and one hour and three- quarters on donkey to reach his village. Since that visit, this earnest seeker after truth has been at Monsurah several times, and never fails to call and see us if only for a few minutes. “Our colporteur who found this man for us told me that this sheikh prays regularly for the missionaries. The man seems to understand quite fully the way of salvation. He reads the Bible regularly twice a year, from beginning to end. He has quite a collection of books— Christian literature on a great variety of subjects, and seems to be an habitual reader. He believes that all men have sinned except Jesus, that Jesus died on the cross to save men from sin; and other Christian teachings. I have told at some length about this man because my acquaintance with him was brought about by our colporteur.” A colporteur in the district tells of the actions of a Moslem whom he met in his travels. This man wished to see his books, and after looking at them he asked him to come into the house, or rather shop, and said to him, “ My brother, I have read for a long time in your books, and I find that Mohammed is not men­ tioned in the Bible, but Christ is mentioned in the Moslem book. I believe that Christ came down from Heaven and was crucified, and saved men from sin.” The man talked with him for half an hour, and after that, when he saw him, the Moslem would say, “I wish to become a Christian, but they will persecute me, and I had better keep still. But I wish you to tell me more.” And while I was talking to him another came in and said, “ Do you leave your work and talk?” But he looked at the books and read them; and after he left he came back again and said, “ I want to get a book with references, but I wish to get it in secret for if my inends know I have it they will destroy or burn it, and I wish to hide it from them.” This merely shows that many are reading the Word even in secret, and we confidently hope that they may 124 Egypt.— Book Department Report,

some day be able, like Nicodemus, to come out boldly on the side of Christ. The colporteur in the Benha district is a most energetic and conscientious man both in distribution and in preaching. He is the man whom we mentioned in the evangelistic report two years ago, and about whom the session on his admission into the church remarked, “ In this man you have a theologian.” He fears no one but his Maker, and when they threaten his life he says, “Kill me if you wish. What is my life? If I die for the sake of Christ I should be most happy.” He speaks the Word with boldness in Moslem and Coptic mournings, and is heard with interest and conviction by many. His tact in meeting people seems to be exceptional. The incidents he tells of meeting with Moslems and Copts would fill a book, but the space allowed for this report will not justify relating any now. When he returns from his weekly tours, he beams in relating what God has wrought through him and is most humble in speaking of what “God has done,” not what “ he has done.” His wife, sad to say, is not in sympathy with him, and if she could be, what a grand work he might do. Will those who read this not unite in fervent prayer that she may have a vision of the Saviour and help her husband to show to all what a Christian home can be ? W e have no items at hand from Zakazik and Cairo but know that the work there has its place as an evangelistic agency, and especially among the Moslems who are such a large part of the population of the Delta. Passing on to upper Egypt we get from Mr. Walker a most interesting account of the work in Beni Suef district: “We have a good salesman now in our book shop. He was an evangelist and still works as an evangelist in villages on Sabbath. The shop is used as a reading room, and general meeting place to some ex­ tent, but not so much as we would like. I have wished for a long time to have a reading room in connection with the book shop, but rents are so high that we cannot afford a place large enough. In this district most of the Coptic people seem to have secured Bibles, but there is a greater readiness on the part of the Mohammedans to buy Bibles. I have been trying to fine out from the colporteur, the name of every Mohammedan who buys a Bible or New Testament, and I make an effort to call on him, and learn if he is reading it. I am gla>d to know that there are three in Beni Suef who are reading the Bible, and two of them seem inquirers after the way of salvation. “One of these comes to church sometimes, and confessed to me that he would like to become a Christian, but could not do so openly, for fear of losing his position and salary. He seemed very much impressed with the high standard of morality taught by Christ. He said that when he carried the small New Testa­ Egypt— Book Department Report. 125

ment in his pocket, he could not-do the things that he used to do, or live the old life. He said that his mother, who is an old wom­ an, heard him reading aloud in the Gospel, and was very much surprised, saying, ‘I did not know that Jesus was like that.’ I believe that there are very many among Mohammedans, who, if they once heard the Sermon on the Mount, would say the same things, ‘W e did not know that the Christ was like that.: Poor peo­ ple, the only gospel they have read is the evil lives of the nominal Christians among whom they live. “Another is willing to be baptized, but I fear that he does not know all that it means yet. A third bought a Bible only a few days ago and has begun to read it with interest. W e have no col­ porteur here, either for Scriptures or religious books. There are two in the district but one of them is so far away that I do not see him often. I wish very much that we could have one here in Beni Suef, so that I could take him with me to the villages.” Leaving the Nile Valley proper for a little we diverge to the large and fertile Faiyum Province, which as yet has no book shop but is visited by colporteurs of the American Bible Society. Mr. Reed writes in regard to the work, of which he is the Superin­ tendent for the American Bible Society in Egypt: “The experi­ ment of employing a sub-superintendent has met with the hearty approval of those in charge. He has been careful and faithful in the performance of duty and greatly relieves the misssionary superintendents here. Truly the Word of God is standing the test here in Egypt. It is not losing in interest or in power. The sales of the American Bible Society have been much larger than during any previous year. Quite a number of the colporteurs have referred to the increased opposition to Christianity, espe­ cially since the mur;der of Butrus Pasha (the Christian Prime Minister of Egypt) by a Mohammedan fanatic. Great excite­ ment prevailed, and fanaticism manifested itself in a special man­ ner. Perhaps no class of workers come more directly in contact with this spirit of hostility, malice and hatred, than the colporteurs who mingle daily with all classes of people. Twice, the Armenian colporteur in Alexandria, after selling Bibles to Mohammedans, was arrested and taken to the police headquarters, but each time he was set free for he had not transgressed the law in selling copies of the Holy Bible to Mohammedans. A number of the colporteurs were reviled and cursed while selling their books to Moslems. They simply offered up a prayer that God would for­ give their persecutors. A portion of Scripture being offered to a certain Moslem, he opened it, looked at it a moment, then threw Jt on the ground in disgust. So great was the excitement and fanaticism, that even some so-called Christians refused to buy for that reason. Y et it is doubtful if even this diminished the sale to Mohammedans. None of the colporteurs have sold many Egypt— Medical Report.

whole Bibles to this class. The'most of them sold from two to five whole Bibles, a larger number of New Testaments, and often from 100 to 300 portions. An educated Mohammedan, a teacher in a Catholic school, bought three whole Bibles; one in English, one in French and one in Arabic, and is studying the Scriptures, comparing them with the others. “Another who purchase^ a Bible, has since asked to be received into the church. A few have not only bought Bibles, but have been persuade,d to attend the religious meetings with more or less regularity. One of the colporteurs, in speaking of a certain man who is interested in the Word, said that he was a'Moslem in ap­ pearance only, not in heart. May it not be true that there are many such in Egypt? Many testified to the power of the Word in transforming the lives of the wicked and godless. A number of drunkards were thus led to give up their evil habits. One who had with him a $2.50 bottle of strong drink was so deeply im­ pressed that he threw down the bottle, smashing it and destroy­ ing its contents, and left off the wicked habit. A telegraph opera­ tor, who has led a corrupt life, reformed and has been attending preaching services reg!ularly, taking an active part in Christian work. Many similar examples were referred to in the various reports, and these as a direct result of reading and studying God’s Word. These faithful colporteurs are often the pioneers in the school and evangelistic work. In one district two schools for boys and one for girls were opened during the year, largely through the efforts of the colporteur. An evangelistic meeting was also opened in the same locality. It has been very successful and ag­ gressive. It was very impressive to listen to the oldest colporteur, very old and gray, as he related how he sold the Scriptures. He enters a town or village, sits down at the side of one of the streets, and begins to read. Soon quite a number collect to listen and be­ gin to examine the different copies of the Bible and make their purchases. This colporteur reports three towns opened during the year to evangelistic services. Let us not forget the dreadful trials of these men, as they go from place to place, exposed to the scorching heat of the summer sun, as well as the cold of win­ ter, almost without a fixed abiding place, in that they are absent from home so much, often in doubt as to whether or not they shall find a place to rest in some of the towns visited. During the year one was dragged from his donkey by a band of robbers, who thought he was a tax collector with money in his bag. Fortun­ ately for him, he was able to show that the bag's contained nothing but books— nothing but books in their eyes— yet priceless in value to those who find in them the words of eternal life. “A note of warning is sounded by some, from the fact that Coptic and even a few Protestant schools are doing away with the Bible altogether in the schools, thus limiting the sales o f some of the colporteurs/’ Egypt— Medical Report. 127

A worker in the Assiut district says that the Bibles which were distributed to Moslems in that district the past year would not ex­ ceed 150, but as a result of this distribution there are many of this faith who love to read the Book, and show great interest especially when missionaries visit their towns; the presence of a missionary seeming to give courage to those who are afraid or weak. The number distributed to Copts in the same district ag­ gregates thousands, and since this class of Christians formerly knew little or nothing about Christ, it is encouraging to know that they are studying their own religion and, as one of the pas­ tors puts it, are being kept from becoming Moslems. Nothing has restrained the drift of the Copts into Islam like their getting and studying the great Book which reveals to them Christ, the example for the Christian. “It is difficult,” says Mr. McGill of Luxor, “to find in this dis­ trict a village, containing Christians, unvisited by a colporteur. These forerunners of the church and school have gone to the most inaccessible places carrying their precious wares, and by the distribution of the truth have created a thirst for knowledge and light. This fact impressed us during our boat-work as we had occasion to visit villages where no missionary or evangelist had ever gone. But in every place, the light-bearing messengers had gone before us. In one village, only one among a hundred Christians knew anything of even the first principles of Christ, and he had gained his information because a colporteur had hunt­ ed him up and persuaded him to buy a Bible. Scripture dis­ tribution has been especially difficult this year owing to the wave of fanaticism which swept over the country following the assass­ ination of the Christian Prime Minister. The inherent fear of the workers was augmented by open hostility on the part of their long avowed enemies. A number of cases of violence in persecuting Christians had the effect of greatly intimidating those whose work brought them into daily contact with Moslems. We have made special inquiry in our district work for Moslems who are reading the Word, and have tried to get into personal touch with them, and we rejoice to say that we have heard of far more who are searching for the truth than we had ever thought. A number of them have bought Bibles, commentaries and other religious books. W e have frequently come in touch with them on the trains, and are surprised to find the readiness with which they engage in discussion of religious truth. A railway con­ ductor continued the discussion with evident interest for more than an hour. Another, an inspector of accounts in the Luxor division of the railway, who had recovered from a hard chronic cough by following some advice we had sfiven him, became very animated in opposing the doctrine of Christ as God, and yet listened with evident interest to the Scriptural doctrine which 128 Egypt— Book Department Report.

he had, perhaps, never heard before. I am more and more persuaded that the W ord of God should be used instead of • human argument in work among Moslems. The Sword of the Spirit is the only weapon formed that can cleave the Scimitar of Arabia. It is ours, therefore, to use that weapon on all occasions and encourage its use by our native brethren. “W e were delighted to meet an old man, a dyer, who had left his home to work in another village, and had been doing real evangelistic work by buying Gospels from our colporteur, and giving them to Mohammedans. He came twice a distance of more than four miles to get me to go and pray for a suffering Moslem, and when we left his faith seemed so strong that the sick man would recover. W e felt sure the Lord woul,d bless such faith by a work of grace in the large and influential family to which the sick man belonged. On first inquiry one would be led to think that every Christian man in Egypt owns a Bible. And yet, on pressing the question, the fact is discovered that their Bible often turns out to be a book of Psalms or prayers used in their worship. But many Copts have been buying Bibles and commentaries, and it is our duty to pray God to use His sword mightily in piercing between the joints and marrow of their formal service, public and private, revealing to them the thoughts and intents of their hearts so that they may be led ‘to serve m newness of thé spirit and not in oldness o f the letter.’ “A young Catholic telegraph operator, who was educated in one of our schools, has been buying religious books and studying the truth for himself. There is no church in his town, but he has evidently been led of the Spirit ; his mind has been enlight­ ened, and he has recently bought a ‘Systematic Theology’ from our colporteur. He needs our prayers that he may be estab­ lished and built up in the faith. Some Catholic priests also have been buying our commentaries and this is the more strange since they were recently so infuriated over a book published by one of our pastors setting forth the corruptness of the R om an Church. Let us do the work of intercessors with more faith­ fulness and expectation, exalting the incarnated Word, and trust­ ing Him to draw all men of every class to Himself.” It might be noted as a matter of interest that the Luxor dis­ trict is the only one in which there is financial encouragem ent in the distribution of religious books apart from Bibles. In every other district it cost the price of the book and sometimes more than its price to put it in the hand of its reader. So that the result has been that the colporteur has gotten his books free and,' in some cases, has gotten additional for selling them. The Book Department has therefore sold at a loss financially, and is thus a benefactor. But we can truly say that what is loss to it is gain for Christ. MISSION ARIKS IN KO V PT IN I9IO. Egypt— Medical Report. 129

MEDICAL REPORT.

BY ALEXANDER W. POLLOCK, M.D.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians ...... 7 “ “ nurses ...... 23 “ “ house visits ...... 5,767 “ “ village visits ...... '... . 290 “ “ villages visited ...... 98 “ “ cases treated in clinics ...... 52,004 “ “ operations performed ...... 1,604 “ “ patients in hospitals ...... 3,365 Religion of patients in hospitals : Copts ...... 1,600 Moslems ...... 1,171 Protestants ...... 476 Catholics ...... 71 Others ...... 47

Total ...... 3,365 Receipts, physicians’ fees and hospital fees : Assiut ...... $20,780 Tanta ...... 4,382 ------$25,162 Number of clinic centers, 6. Names : Tanta, Benha, Assiut, Tahta, Faiyum, Sinnoris. As we pause to take a look down the vista of months gone by and try to trace some of the steps of the doctors, nurses and patients, we find the paths winding and various. Some lead us out through the fields of clover, blossoming and fragrant, to a little village where the little hut, though shadowed by a cloud for a while, is now in the bright sunshine— a little child was dangerously ill, but now is well again. Others lead us down the lane-like city streets to a little hovel, where in winter evening’s chill, all is dark and dreary. On the shelf the taper flickers, its dim light only adding to the gloom— yonder on a pile of straw a life is flickering and fluttering in the balance. There is no sunshine hère, for the Sun of Righteousness has not yet been allowed to enter that Moslem heart. ^ Others lead us through the bright and cheery wards of the hos­ pitals, sometimes past faces happy and smiling; sometimes by the bedside of one pale and weak from a recent operation ; sometimes past a babe in Christ, who but a few weeks before was an old hardened worshipper of the false prophet. We have been sad often as we walked along; there have been heartaches, too, and how often we have wished for the power He had as He walked along the shores of blue Galilee. i 3o Egypt— Medical Report.

Yet as we pause a little for a farewell look at the past year's work, our hearts are full of gratitude to the Great Physician, whose leading we trie,d to follow in bringing healing to body and soul. The work has become so large that we shall let the different stations speak for themselves.

MEDICAL WORK AT ASSIUT.

BY A. F. GEANT, M.D.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians: Male ...... 4 Female ...... 0 Number of nurses: Male ...... 6 Female ...... 10 Native ...... 6 Foreign ...... 10 Number of house visits ...... 3,510 Number of village visits ...... 115 Number of villages visited ...... * 40 Number of clinic patients treated in clinics...... 26,222 Religion of clinic patients: Copts ...... 7,452 Moslems ...... 16,639 Protestants ...... 1.916 Catholics ...... 115 Others ...... 100 Number of patients in hospital: Men ...... 1,133 Women ...... 887 Children above the age of one yea r ...... 473 Children under the age of one y ea r ...... 189 Patients in hospital paying full price...... 1,115 Patients in hospital paying half price or less...... 517 Patients in hospital fre e ...... Number of villages represented by patients in hospitals.. 340 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... Moslems ...... • »25 Protestants ...... a«- Catholics ...... Others ...... Number of operations: M ajor ...... 345 M inor ...... 783 1,128 Receipts: »inna* Medical practice ...... $10,094 Hospital fees ...... 8,833 Sales of drugs, etc...... ’o le Donations from Egyptians ...... 375 $20,7 SO Number of clinic centers ...... Names of clinic centers: Assiut and Tahta. Egypt— Medical Report.

ASSIUT HOSPITAL.

BY M ISS E. DOBCAS TEAS. The Wise Man said, “ I know that whatsoever God doeth it shall be forever.” He also said by the Spirit of God, “ Is there anything whereof it may be said, ‘See this is new ?’ It hath been al­ ready of old time which was before us.” So it seems to me it is with an annual report. On retrospection there appears very much that has been year after year the same, and who is going to rea,d this constant repetition of facts ? Early in the year the meetings for Bible Study conducted by Miss Grace Saxe in the hospital chapel were productive of great good to us all, strengthening the faith and spiritual zeal of the workers so that there has been a beautiful spirit of harmony dur­ ing the whole year in our midst. Miss Watson, of California, was obliged to leave us, after seventeen months of service, on account of ill health. Misses Spence and Rosenbaum— whose terms had expired— left in the summer. They did good work and they have our best wishes and loving sympathy always. It being impossible to se­ cure new nurses in the hot season, we obtained temporary help from some resident Cairo nurses. These did very goo.d work for which we are grateful. In the middle of August Miss McMinn, of Belfast, entered the ranks. W e were fortunate in finding her through the aid of the Missionary Nurses’ League of London, England. In November there came two young ladies from Hol­ land; one a trained nurse, Miss Yen der Meer, and Miss De- freis, who will receive her training with us. Miss Charbonnier, who was sent us last year, left to return to Cairo, and we were permitted by the Tanta hospital to bring Miss Mintier to Assiut. In the linen room which might well keep two ladies occupied al­ ways— as the wear and tear of one hundred and fifty patients, be­ sides making of new garments for them, is no small matter— we have a young English woman who serves with wonderful patience daily, allowing us to hold our daily morning prayer meeting in her domain, with the men servants and maids of the house who carry and fetch and scrub and clean in their turn by night, as well as by day. In this connection we might mention the fact that these maids, four in number, have all found Christ their own per­ sonal Saviour while serving here. One, a Mohammedan, was also converted here. The youngest is still under instruction pre­ paratory to entering the communion of the church in Assiut. A Mohammedan girl, who had been with us since the opening °f the hospital, had been instructed in the Scriptures and some­ times seemed near the Kingdom, we were obliged to dismiss on account of insubordination. Her brothers are very fanatical and she and her poor mother, who works in our laundry, both fear 132 Egypt— Medical Report.

greatly to openly confess Christ. We are praying for these two and the other members of the family that they may be among the great number “that no man can number, of every kindred and and tongue and people and nation” in spite of the seeming hope­ lessness of it all. Unite your prayers with ours, reader, that it may be soon. Five years ago Fardus, the Sudanese girl, who was baptized into the faith, could not spell a single word. To-day she has ac­ complished the reading of the Gospels of Matthew and John, some of the Psalms and many chapters in the Proverbs, and otlier Old Testament Scriptures, though she never went to school a day. Blind Shemsa, our Bible reader, has been her chief teacher. 'Fardus would put to shame many home Christian girls by her diligence. Away into the hours of the night after her day’s work she sits on her bed until the light is ordered out poring over the Book. Pray for us all, dear reader, that amid the thronging duties, His Spirit may speak to us in such tones that all trials may but draw us closer to Himself. There were four earnest inquirers during the year from the Mohammedan patients— two men and two women. Three went away to their respective homes promising to remember the words which had been taught them here. One of the three, a woman, was so happy in believing, that there could be no doubt of her sincerity. She has a son in the Protestant school in her town on the east side of the river and her mind had been drawn to the truths of the Gospel before coming to the hospital. She took a New Testament with her intending to have her son read to her. So sometimes she would repeat in her simple style the story of the woman taken in adultery, saying, “Think of Jesus stooping down and writing all the sins of those accusing Pharisees on the ground, before them, until everyone left His presence.” Then with tears streaming down her face she would tell of the tender forgiving love of the Saviour and praise His name for the peace He had given her in her own soul. We parted from her assured that she is sincere and that she will no doubt bring her household with her to Christ. Pray for her too. The two men were equally in earnest, but they have all temp­ tations before them that can possibly turn their hearts and souls away from the truth. Then, there was a young girl in the sec­ ond class ward, a companion to some young daughters of a rich influential Mohammedan official. This girl could read and the nurse gave her a Bible. The book was kept carefully under her pillow and stealthily taken out and read apparently with delight, but she always hid it on the approach o f anyone, and, sad to re­ late, lied about it to any Mohammedan who come near. She was in distress about her lying, but said she would be killed if people discovered her reading, and the women of her master’s home Egypt— Medical Report. 133 would surely put her out of existence should she let them know, although the master himself would not object. However, the book was left behind. Let us hope for permanent results in this case too. We are praying for her. Will you unite with us? Read in connection with this Ps. 37; 35, 36. It would be a pity not to mention Fatima, who came to us in the summer suffering from a gunshot wound in the knee, said to have been accidental, at the hands of her husband. The wound had been neglected so long a time that one almost fainted at the sight and stench of it. Months have passed and Fatima remains with us, her cruel husband long since having forsaken her and taken her cousin to wife, so she must either go out and pine away an,d die, or stay in the hospital free of charge. What a changed woman she is now ! Rejoicing truly in the belief that Christ is her own Saviour but not yet willing to be baptized because of fear of her friends who would see her die a thousand deaths rather than that she should confess to be a follower of our Prophet. Oh! the terrible power of this religion, Islam. While the number of the followers of Jesus are increasing, still they are so few in comparison to the mighty host of the followers of the false prophet, and the gross ignorance of multitudes of so-called Christians! Why, Fatima can answer the questions put to her about the Bible, and the life and death of Christ, far better than women who have been able to show the blue tattooing of the sign of the cross on their arms all their lives. A Coptic woman lay dying— she had received benefit through an operation nine years before. This time, however, a fatal trouble was upon her and nothing could help, but her hand was in the blessed Saviour’s hand and she was not afraid. Her mother an-d sister stood by waiting. We feared the awful wail that takes place at such times but the mother looked up and said, “Don’t fear, we will not scream nor make any noise.” The sis­ ter began to sway herself and weep. “Look,” said the mother, “she knows to read and poor me can’t read and I am not weep­ ing. You taught me long ago it was all folly, but she”— point­ ing to her weeping daughter— “ought to know better, for she can read.” So you see knowledge is coveted now where once -it was never thought of among women. May the Word be speedily brought to the poor perishing ones. For where it enters it gives %ht. Last, but not least, comes Habiba, our dear Sudanese woman °f whom you have heard. But we cannot close our report with­ out putting on record this conversion and baptism— the very first of the kind of which it has been our privilege to write in the four­ teen years of this hospital’s work. All the Sabbath afternoon had been spent and Habiba was, as usual, protesting that her heart was too har,d to accept the love of Jesus when suddenly she said, 134 Egypt— Medical Report.

‘‘The air is full of spirits and they would kill me should I accept Christ.” On being told that God was, as she knew, able above all these to save her, and the Son had been given all power from the Father, she said, “ I do believe His blood is cleansing my heart and it is soft now.” This woman has been with us nine months suffering bodily pain. She had been brought by people, who had kept her as their servant after her husband’s death, for thirty years. They are not doing anything foi her support. Her bed is a free one, paid for by a society in Walmer, South Africa. Her arm was gangrenous and had to be amputated as soon as she entered the hospital. Her back is knotted with a terrible dis­ ease which is wasting her frame, while a large wouryi in the hip discharges constantly, as she says, directly from the back bone. One of the stronger patients helps her get her food and, with the nurses, make her comfortable. As she turns upon her pillow day and night she murmurs, “Jesus helps me,” and a testimony daily comes from her lips of His faithfulness. Habiba was baptized on November 1, Fardus, full of joy, help­ ing her to get ready to be carried upstairs to the chapel, where the Rev. Moawwad Hanna, of the Assiut congregation, adminis­ tered the solemn ordinance, in presence of patients, servants, workers and friends. That was a happy day and Fardus holds it in her heart as a most precious assurance that greater things will be done. Fardus was in the hall during visiting hours one day and a man overheard her telling something about Christ to a visitor. “What,” said he, looking fiercely down on her, “Do you mean to say that you are a Christian, you black girl?” To which she re­ plied, “I am, and what would you do?” “I will strike you down this minute,” cursing her and raising his hand. Fearlessly she looked at him as she replied, “You may, and you may kill me but my soul will go to Christ.” A Christian man standing beside him drew down the uplifted hand and he sullenly walked away. Fardus was supremely happy to testify. Mr. Musa Ibrahim, the hospital evangelist, says his work this year has been more interesting than all the previous years he has spent with us; and Butrus, the Bible reader in the clinic, has reached thousands. Men have been so eager to hear that they have followed Mr. Musa from room to room hanging on his words, and in the Sabbath morning service Mohammedans have asked special prayers. Dr. Aziz has reported great interest mani­ fested in the clinic as Butrus exhorts the men and women to­ gether. Among the poor all distinctions are forgotten and the men, women and children sit together listening before the doc­ tor begins his work. Sometimes the number has reached one hundred and fifty in a day, and always more in summer than in winter. Egypt— Medical Report. 135

Our Staff— There are three Egyptian men nurses and two or­ derlies under the supervision of Miss Frances Jackson-Bennett, of Queenstown, Ireland. Miss Caws, our pharmacist, of the Isle of Wight, graduate of the London School of Pharmacy, does all compounding of medicines for hospital patients. These ladies, with Miss Van der Molen and Miss Cookson, all of whom we borrowed from a sister Mission years ago, have be­ come very dear to us, especially as they fully comprehend the great need of the hour, sharing all the joy and sorrow, bearing the bur,dens of the busy, everyday life. Along with these comes Miss Corkey, of Londonderry, Ireland, who gave herself to the Mission eleven years ago and has always been faithful. Miss Mintier, who broke family ties and school work five years ago in Iowa, and Mrs. James, of County Cork, Ireland, who has been with us three years, have promised to remain with us another year. These, with Miss Ault, of Canada, and Miss Weiss, of Roumania, undergraduates, form the staff at present. Dr. Aziz Ibrahim, a graduate of Cincinnati University, is a most helpful co-worker with Drs. Grant and Finley. Dr. and Mrs. Moore, of Washington, Pa., were appointed by the Asso­ ciation in October to reside in Assiut, occupy rooms in Dr. Henry’s house and study Arabic. Dr. Moore has lent his aid in times of need at the hospital, holding the clinic at the hospital or in Tahta when the doctors were not able to attend these duties. It has been a great comfort to have these friends and a joy to look forward to the time when they shall be ready to take their places in the busy life. Preparation for service such as study of the language, etc., is not as inviting to a doctor as the actual prac­ tice of his profession, but in years to come the regret would be that he could not reach the people as to their real soul needs in any adequate measure without the best possible knowledge of their own language. In January, 1910, Dr. Henry and his family left on furlough for America. W e rejoice to learn that they are in good health preparing to return. A Christmas treat was given to the poor patients, in which all the doctors and lady workers joined, instead of spending on gifts to one another. When some of our Egyptian friends learned of it they gave a few dollars toward it and said that had we men­ tioned the matter earlier they could have gotten others to give. Mr. and Mrs. Musa and Dr. Aziz Ibrahim gave short talks and offered prayers, after which gifts were distributed to everyone of the men, women and children. Indeed all were children that happy evening and there was a blessing to us all through every effort made. Surely, “ In blessing others we ourselves are bless­ ed.” Mrs. Musa gave a beautiful plush embroidered pulpit cover tor the chapel. 136 Egypt— Medical Report.

A gift of lan,d, ten meters in width, on the west side of the hospital, running the entire length of our property, was gratefully received from the Wissa heirs. These friends have ever mani­ fested a spirit of kindness toward this hospital through all the years of its existence. Prayer has been abundantly answered in this matter. The Tenth United Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, Pa., gave the sum of $60 for the support of a bed. W e record numerous answers to prayer in healing, especially in serious cases, which end in giving us all health and strength and peace and joy in the blessed service.

MEDICAL WORK AT FAIYUM.

BY DAVID L. ASKBEN, M.D.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of physicians: Male ...... 1 Female ...... 0 Number of nurses: Male ...... 2 Female ...... 1 Native ...... 3 Foreign ...... 0 Number of house visits ...... 1,658 Number of village visits ...... 134 Number of villages visited ...... 45 Number of clinic patients treated in clinics...... 3,468 Religion of clinic patients: Copts ...... 930 Moslems ...... 1,768 Protestants ...... ' 640 Catholics ...... 130 Others ...... 0 Number of patients in hospital: Men ...... ■...... 165 Women ...... 61 226 Number of villages represented by patients in hospitals... 90 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... 56 Moslems ...... 74 Protestants ...... 61 Catholics and others ...... 35 ■ » ¿i4\) Number of operations: M ajor ...... 112 Mino1 ...... J 5 ! 288 Number of clinic centers ...... ^ Names of clinic centers: Sinnoris and Madinet el Faiyum.

The past year’s work in the Faiyum has been one of the worst, in some ways, we have had since the work was established, and is the first year that the income has not shown an increase over preceding years. Two main causes have been active in produc­ ing this effect on the medical practice. Egypt— Medical Report. 137

The first and most active was the great financial stringency of the country, for ¡during the first nine months of the year the fellahin from whom we draw most of our patients, simply did not have any money, and consequently my practice suffered in two ways, first from the smaller number of patients seen, and secondly from the smaller fees which those who did come were able to pay; for although this practice must be so conducted as to make it self-supporting, still we do not turn anyone away be­ cause he cannot pay a certain fixed fee, but we try to suit the fee to the condition of the patient where known to be worthy and often at an absolute loss to the work. This influence of the money market has been most marked, for in previous years the three heaviest months for our work have al­ ways been May, June and July, but this year they have been poor months. The heaviest work began in September just as soon as the fellahin began to sell their cotton, and September, October and November have run ahead of any previous records, both in number of patients seen and in money paid for treatments. This again may be said to illustrate the fact that the Egyptian fellah does not consider medical care a necessity, but a luxury, and unless his pocket is full he does not consult the doctor. The second general cause in reducing this year’s work was harder competition occasioned by the arrival of two new doc­ tors; one of whom took the town by storm by advertising free treatment at the Government Hospital, medicines included; he finally did much good to the poor for a time but soon tired of the free clinic and neglected the patients who came, and as a re­ sult his clinic is now practically nothing. A third cause in reducing this work this year was the numer­ ous trips which I made to Syria; one of which was caused by the serious illness of one of my children; and the third trip when I went over for a month’s vacation, which was an absolute neces­ sity, as it is the first year since 1906 that I have taken more than a fifteen-day holiday, but this year, I was so badly run down that I ha,d to either take a longer rest or break down later in the year. The Sinnoris clinic has been the one pleasing spot in this year’s work, for it has remained steady all the year and has been larger than last year. The Bible work has been kept up without inter­ mission and many have manifested interest in the Word and have often remained to talk with the Bible reader after being at­ tended professionally. The clinic, though held in a town that has a strong Christian community, brings a large number of Moham­ medans into contact with the Word, and they seem to listen to the reading as willingly as the Christians. In touching the spiritual side of the work it is simply impos­ sible to tell how much of the teaching that has been given to the patients in the clinics has had lasting effect, for they are mostly 138 Egypt— Medical Report.

lost sight of as soon as they recover and leave the clinic, but an able and conscientious Bible reader has been used most of the year and he has been able to read and pray with many who have shown marked interest; and, since he left us to take up different work, many of the old patients returning have been asking for him and his Book.

MEDICAL WORK AT TANTA.

BY DE. ANNA BOGGS WATSON.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Number of physicians: Male ...... 1 Female ...... 1 Number of nurses: Female ...... 4 Foreign ...... 4 Number of house visits ...... 599 Number of village visits ...... 41 Number of villages visited ...... 13 Number of clinic patients treated in clin ics ...... 16,085 Religion of clinic patients: Moslems ...... 13,066 Others ...... 3,019 Number of patients in hospital:Women ...... 457 Number of villages represented bypatients in hospital. . 97 Religion of patients in hospital: Copts ...... 57 Moslems ...... 272 Protestants ...... 83 Catholics ...... 39 Others ...... 6 457 Number of operations ...... 188 R eceipts: Medical practice ...... $772 Hospital fees ...... 2,734 Sales of drugs, etc...... 876 $4,382 Number of clinic centers ...... 2 Names of clinic centers: Tanta and Benha.

MARTHA J. McKOWN HOSPITAL. In reviewing the work of the past year, we are led to exclaim, “The Lord hath done wondrous things, whereof we are glad.” Never has the evangelistic work of the hospital been so well organized; the preaching and the teaching so direct and aggres­ sive. The Bible woman, besides the work in the wards, spends three forenoons a week in the clinic and devotes the remainder of her time to house visiting, following up cases that have been in the hospital or clinic. She has a large field and is worthy of your earnest persistent prayers. Egypt— Medical Report.

Mrs. Pollock has kindly given two hours daily to bedside teaching in the hospital, where she has read, taught and prayed with the patients individually. She has also held a special ser­ vice with the patients on Sabbaths. The evangelist who began work last year, has continue^ through the present year. He spends three forenoons a week in the clinic; and two days of each week visiting the villages, fol­ lowing up cases that have been in the hospital. He is always present at the hospital on visiting days to meet and teach the visitors. Zanab was a poor Moslem woman lying on a straw mat. She wanted to come into the hospital and we granted her request, al­ though we knew the case was hopeless. She became deeply in­ terested in the daily Bible lesson, and seemed to understand the teaching. As she grew worse she desired to return to her home. There, she was visited and still further instructed. She said she believed in Christ and asked for forgiveness of sin in His name. Istata, a Moslem girl of 14, came to the hospital with cataract of both eyes. The eyelids were in a bad state and it required months of treatment before the operation for cataract could be performed. She was a naughty child, always stirring up trouble among the other children; at times we despaired of keeping her until the eyes would be operable. Finally the operation was per­ formed and sight restored. She told us that when she entered the street of her home, everybody on the street set up the joy cry. She is not now the same Istata that came to us. She is a changed girl, no longer quarrelsome and troublesome, but a real help to all about her. She walks in from her village on Sabbath mornings and attends the church service. W e are praying that she may come to know the truth. One of the saddest cases to enter the hospital was a Turkish woman with tuberculosis. W e have no tubercular ward, but con­ trary to our rules she was admitted, an,d given a single room. Her husband had brought her from Constantinople, and before the birth of her second child, he divorced her. Sick, friendless, with a girl baby 3 months old, she listened most intently to the Bible lessons and would exclaim, “ Oh, how much better is your religion for woman than ours. The Moslem religion is a bad religion for woman.” She was interested in the Word, but whether there was any change of heart is known only to Him who searcheth all things. In the villages the women suffer untold agony from neglect. Many a weary, anxious hour has been spent by the physician in a dark, dusty, unventilated room without even a bed for the patient. It is most encouraging to find these village women coming to us. Within the past year seven women finding themselves in need of surgical aid, immediately, have left their dark unhygienic 140 Egypt— Medical Report.

surrounding's and presented themselves at the hospital door for help. We thank and praise the Heavenly Father that these were all relieved and returned home happy, grateful patients. Can you understand what it means to these ignorant, superstiti­ ous Moslem women to leave their homes at such a time as this? No, I think not. Can you understand what a joy and relief it is to the |doctors and nurses to have these women come to us rather than require us to go to them? No; not unless you have spent a day or a night in one of these dark, dreary houses, with­ out one single convenience for surgical work— not even clean water. The trust and confidence has been one of the brightest spots in the last year’s work. Never before have there been so many calls in town to the rich and influential. W e rejoice in these open doors and pray for more evangelistic workers to enter them and claim them for Christ. Oh the villages, the villages of the D elta! How numerous, what a mass of humanity is crowded into them ! So neglected and yet so open to the Gospel when accompanied with medicine! The true Moslem regards the listening to the Bible as infidel­ ity, yet the hospital evangelist has preached the Gospel to hun­ dreds and thousands of Moslems. He has gone from village to village, following up cases that have been in the hospital or clinic, and meeting new people. He has presented the need of a per­ sonal Saviour to his fellow-passengers by train, in railway sta­ tion, in shops, and wherever he could gain an entrance. Many Bibles have been sold and hundreds of tracts and books distributed. The evangelist says that it is easy to get a hearing. Men seem ready and anxious to hear God’s Word. It is grow­ ing easier each year to approach the Moslem. We believe this to be in direct answer to the volume of prayer that is ascending on behalf of the Moslem world. As harvest follows seed time in the natural world so it does even more surely in the spiritual world. A Moslem in a nearby town, who has been visited and taught, confesses that Christ is the Son of God, the Saviour of the world. Another who has read the New Testament through and also some twenty religious books, says he can no longer believe in Moham­ med as Prophet. He is reading and seeking further instruction. We believe him very near the Kingdom. A third is reading and studying the Bible. He has purchased a copy of every book kept for sale in the clinic. He has lost his faith in Mohammed and we are praying that the Holy Spirit may lead him to the true Prophet. A fourth has asked for baptism. Are these cases not sufficient to encourage every one to work and pray for the Moslems of Egypt? Egypt— Medical Report. 141

Work among the Copts has not been neglected. Tukh en-Nas- sarah receives its name because of the large number of Copts who reside there. When the evangelist first visited this town, he was very coolly received; but on one of his return visits he was in­ vited to the office of a leading Copt of the town. He accepted the invitation and found a large room fille.d with men. The Coptic man began, “Why do you come to our town? We do not wish to see you, nor do we want you to teach us. Why don't you go back to your own village? You are doing this work because you are hired to do it.” The evangelist’s only reply to all this was, ‘‘May the Lord forgive you for what you say.” The evan­ gelist’s quiet Christ-like manner under abuse, gaine,d for him the sympathy of his listeners. He returned home much discouraged, but was asked not to give up his visits to the town. Special prayer was made for him and the town. This Copt has ceased to persecute him and he now receives a warm welcome from the others. When he visits, some twenty-five or thirty gather together to hear him preach and teach. They hold their meetings in the home of a man whose sister was once a patient in the hospital. In the personnel of the staff there have been some changes. Dr. Lawrence, on account of sickness, has been detained at home for a while longer. Dr. Brady, having completed her two years, returned to her home and friends. Dr. Pollock, by appointment of Association has been located in Tanta, and has ha,d charge of the clinic. Miss Robertson, after two years’ absence in the home land, returned to the work in March. Miss Sill, after a year’s furlough, returned to the work in October. She gives her ser­ vices free to the hospital, receiving no salary. The hospital has never been so well equipped with nurses and they have rendered valuable assistance in helping out when the doctors were unable to meet all demands. The four native ward maids have developed into real helpers. We believe we have in them the embryo of a training school for native nurses. One of them connected with the church this year, while another was a church member before she came to us. She is from the Fowler Orphanage. W e are praying that the other two may be led to Christ this year. In all, there has been much to encourage the hearts of the work­ ers. There have been some disappointments, some failures. There have been heavy responsibilities. There have been weari­ some days when Rosetti’s lines would keep ringing through the ears:

“Does the road wind up hill all the way? Yes, to the very end. Does the journey take the whole long day? The livelong day, my friend.” 142 Egyp t— Medical R eport.

There is, however, real joy in His service, and we thank God that so many lives have been touched this year. We seek the prayers of all who read this report, that necessary strength and spiritual wisdom may be given to the workers to meet the unlimited opportunities which accompany medical work.

TANTA CLINIC.

BY DR. POLLOCK. Day by day Tanta clinic has been carried on during the past year. The opening of another hospital and clinic and the increas­ ing reputation of the new Ophthalmic Hospital, just across the canal from the Mission station, have in no way diminished the crowds that come to us for treatment. Poor people! If you could only look in upon the waiting crowds, you never could forget the scene that would meet your gaze. If you had any doubts as to the need of more medical aid for the relief of the masses of Egypt’s suffering poor, these doubts would speedily vanish. The poor, the lame, the halt, the blind, the pale little weaklings pitifully sobbing on the breasts of sunken-eyed mothers, forms bent and twisted out of shape by disease— all are here. This is the crowd that sits and waits till clinic hours, and as they sit and wait, the Bible reader reads and explains the healing words of the Great Physician. Owing to sickness and to the fact that part of the year only one missionary physician was at the central station, Benha clinic did not receive full attention during the past year. However, whenever regular visits could be kept up. eager crowds always awaited the arrival of the physician. At this clinic was shown a beautiful example of gratitude by an old woman who had been helped by eye treatment. On one single day she brought to the clinic from her village, two hours’ walk away, twenty people that they, too, might find relief. Would that all who have received the healing touch of the Great Physician might be as zealous in bringing others to Him. Egypt— Medical Report. l a t o T at Di ri t ic tr is D Tanta sit strict is D Assiut aym stri t ic r t is D Faiyum Delta Boat Boat Delta M E D IC A L STATIO N S S N STATIO L A IC D E M ND DIT CTS IC ISTR D D AN ...... EAIUAIN P EIA SAITC, GP, 1910. EGYPT, STATISTICS, MEDICAL OP RECAPITULATION ...... ‘o •iS '53 Pi jd a to 2 4 7 1 fc ¡3 2 (0 V 23 16 4 8 1171 § S (A H o 272 826 74 ospital P atients O a 1436 12 15215 21929 3365 2194 1857 l* w ID 55369 33764 16542 H 3 6063 o 1 O 64*25162 1604 1128 a,

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER (European) WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 31ST, 1910.

ALEXANDRIA.—Rev. T. J. Finney, D.D. and wife; C. A. Wilson, PJsq. and w ife ; Rev. F. D Henderson, Miss M. Finney, Miss Eula McCIena- han, Miss Leota Cabeen, Miss Loretta Mitchell. Teachers (short term) : Miss Graham, Rev. Mr. Beall. TANTA.— Rev. J. Kruidenier and wife, A. W. Pollock, M.D. and wife, Miss Anna B. Watson, M.D., Miss A. B. Atchison, Miss Carol McMillan. Nurses (short term) : Miss Lulu W. Harvey, Miss Ried, Miss Robertson, Miss Sill. MONSURAH.—Rev. A. A. Thompson and wife, Miss Margaret A. Bell. Teacher (short term) : Miss Paisley. ZAKAZIK.—Rev. S. G. Hart and wife, Miss Anna McConaughy. BENHA.—Rev. S. A. Work and wife; Miss L. J. Picken. CAIRO.— Rev. Andrew Watson, D.D., LL.D. and wife, Rev. John Gif- fen, D.D. and wife, Rev. W. R. Coventry, Rev. Neal McClanahan and wife. Rev. C. C. Adams and wife, Miss A. Y. Thompson, Miss M. A. Smith, Miss Roxy Martin, Miss E. O. Kyle, Miss L. D. Walker, Miss Mary Kerr. Teachers (short term) : Miss Pugh, Miss Margaret H. Giffen, Miss Dysart, Miss Stella K yle, Miss Tinker, Miss Poindexter, Miss Lafferty, Miss Flenni- kin, Mr. Nabers, Mrs. Harvey and Mrs. Ewing. MADINET-EL-FAIYUM.—Rev. W. H. Reed and wife, Miss Alfar- etta Hammond. Medical Assistant. : D. L. Askren, M.D. and wife. BENI SUEF.— Rev. R. W. Walker and wife, Miss Elsie French. ASSIUT.—Rev. J. R. Alexander, D.D., LL.D. and wife. Prof. R. S. McClenahan and wife, Prof. C. S. Bell and wife, Prof. C. P. Russell, Prof. W. W. Hickman and wife, Mr. F. S. Hoyman, A. F. Grant, M.D. and wife, H. L. Finley, M.D. and wife, W. T. Moore, M.D. and wife, Miss E. D. Teas, Miss Ruth A. Work, Miss Anna B. Crisswell. College Teachers (short term) : Miss Ellida S. Sjogren, Miss Ida Whiteside, Miss Elizabeth Hamil­ ton, Miss Mary Anderson, Messrs. Owen, Elder, Camp, Neal, Moore. Col­ lege Matrons (short term) : Miss Annie Dinsmore, Miss Margaret Hart­ mann. Pressly Institute Teachers (short term) : Misses M. A. Work, Hobbs, Caws, Robinson. Pressly Institute Matron (short term) : Miss Thompson. Hospital Nurses (short term) : Misses Minteer, Caws, Van der Molen, Bennett, Corkey, Ault, McMinn, Cookson. two Holland ladies. Assistant Physician : Dr. Aziz Ibrahim. LUXOR— Rev. R. G. McGill and wife, Miss Helen Ferrier. Teacher (short term) : Miss Ella Warner. SUMMARY (Missionaries).—Men: Ordained, 15; college professors, 4: business men, 2; physicians, 4; total, 25. Women: Married, 21; un­ married, 20; nurses, 1; physicians, 1; total, 43. Grand total, 68. T e a c i ' . r? ».short term ), 2 9 ; physicians ( 2 ) and nurses (short term), 17; total, 114- Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 145

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, EGYPT, 1 9 1 0 .

BY THE REV. J. B. ALEXANDER, D.D. I. WORKERS. 1. FOREIGN— No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, De­ cember 31st ...... 15 “ Married Women ...... 21 “ Unmarried Women ...... 20 “ Missionary College Professors 4 “ Missionary Laymen (Business Agent, Architect and Builder) . . 2 “ Medical Missionaries (men, 4; women, 1) ...... 5 “ Missionary Nurse ...... 1 68 “ Missionary Instructors (3 years), men, 7 ; women, 20 ...... 27 “ Matrons (College, 2; Pressly Insti­ tute, 1) ...... 3 “ Assistant Missionary Physicians.. 2 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s Wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... 1 Assistant Missionary Nurses (3 years)—American, 4; Euro­ pean, 10 ...... 14 47 Total Foreign Workers ...... 115 2. EGYPTIAN— No. of Ordained Ministers (1 in Sudan) . 59 “ Licentiates ...... 10 “ Theologues ...... 16 “ Other Presbyterial Workers 10 95 “ Harem Workers (men, 2; women, 35) ...... 37 “ Shopmen, 12; Colporteurs, 31*.. 43 “ School Teachers (men, 331 ; wom­ en, 166) ...... 4 9 7 - 577 (Protestant, 392; others, 105) ------Total Native Workers ...... 672 Total Workers, Foreign and Egyptian, on field, December 3 1 st: Protestant, Foreign ...... 11R Protestant. Egyptian ...... 567 682

Others, Moslems, Copts, etc...... 105 Total ...... 787 * Copied from 1909.

II. WORK.

1. SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTERIAL (INCLUDING SUDAN).

No. of Synods (Synod of the Nile: Mediterranean Sea to u Sobat River and onwards) ...... 1 Presbyteries ...... 4 146 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

“ Ministers : (a) Egyptian Pastors ...... 55 (b) Egyptian Missionaries (in Sudan) ..... 1 (c) Egyptians without charge ...... 3 59 (d) Americans, without charge (in Sudan). 3 Americans, in Egypt ...... 18 21 80

“ Licentiates ...... 10 “ Theologues ...... 16 “ Lay Preachers ...... 10 36 116

“ Ministers installed during the year ...... 11 “ Ministers ordained during the year ...... 9 “ Students licensed during the year ...... 4 “ Students received during the year ...... 4 “ Congregations organized during the year ...... 5

2. CONGREGATIONAL—EGYPT.

No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt : “ Organized Congregations ...... 72 “ Other places where services are held or Sabbath Schools, or schools, etc...... 201 273

“ Evangelistic Circuits ...... 110 “ Pastoral Charges ...... 72 “ Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges.. 85 “ Congregations and Stations served by supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers, and others... 188 273

Membership in Egypt, December 31, 1910: Men ...... 5,821 Women ...... 5,379 11,200

Increase (1910) : By Profession ...... 724 By Certificate ...... 243 9G7

Decrease (1910) : By Removal ...... 391 By Death ...... 93 484

Net Increase (1910) ...... 483 No. of Attendance, Sabbath Morning, average ...... 21,98fi “ Protestant Community (estimated) ...... 30,000 “ Baptisms : Adults (Moslems, 3) ...... 3 Infants ...... 886 889

“ Buildings, places having buildings ...... ^ Amount spent by Egyptians on Church Buildings. 1910. . $32,800 Amount paid by Mission on Church Buildings, 1910...... Nothing Salaries paid by people to Pastors and other Presbyterial Workers ...... f ...... $20,373 No. of Self-supporting Churches ...... 22 Contributions of Church in Egypt, 1910 : (1) For Churches and Congregations: Salaries (71 4-5 per cent, of total salaries).... $20,373 (Buildings, self-supporting) ...... 32,803 Congregational Expenses (self-supporting) ...... 4,486 $57.662 (2) For Home Sustentation Effort: Help to Weak Congregations ...... $2,926 Help to Pastoral Schools ...... 1,770 4,696

Ministerial Relief (self-supporting) ...... $347 Poor and Orphanages (self-supporting)... 5.175 Synod’s Fund ...... 174 5,696 10.392 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 147

(3) For Missionary Effort : In the Sudan ...... $825 Among Moslems ...... 433 Among Women ...... 692 Sabbath School Leaflet ...... 691 2,641

Total Contributions for all religious purposes $70,695 A m ount received from America for Church in Egypt .... 8,000 ( The Church in Egypt paid 89 5-6 per cent. ; America 10 1-6 per cent.)

3. S A B B A T H SCH OOLS IN E G Y PT.

No. of Sabbath Schools ...... 193 “ Pupils in Sabbath Schools: Men ...... 4,844 Women ...... 3,116 7,960

Boys ...... 5,244 Girls ...... 2,949 8,193 16,153

Teachers and Officers in Sabbath Schools: Men ...... 357 Women ...... 167 524

Total Scholars, Officers and Teachers...... 16,677 Cost of Leaflet paid from Sabbath School contributions (self-supporting) ...... $691 Contributions of Sabbath Schools (included in church con­ tributions) ...... $2,820 Sabbath School Paper (Htar of the East), copies dis­ tributed weekly ...... 1,400 Sabbath School Leaflet, copies distributed weekly...... 11.000 Sabbath School Illustrated Card, copies distributed weekly 3,500

4. W O R K FO R W O M EN IN EG Y PT.

General : No. of places where women attend the regular Sabbath services ...... 224 Attendance at Sabbath Services : Women ...... 6,225 Girls ...... 2,265 8,490

No. of women and girl communicants, December 31. 1910 5,379 Special: No. of special workers in homes (harems) : Men ...... 2 Women ...... 35 37

Number of women receiving instruction in homes (harem s) : Regular pupils in homes : Protestants ...... 1,174 Copts ...... 1,968 Mohammedans ...... 248 Jewesses and others ...... 109 3,499

Irregular hearers in homes, w eekly ...... 2,412 5.911

Attendance at special prayer meetings for women: Women ...... 2,572 Girls ...... 1,714 4.286

No. of schools for girls and young women alone...... 48 “ girls attending girls’ schools ...... 5.252 women and girls under influence of Gospel, about 14,500 148 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

Women’s Societies: Pi-esbyterial Societies ...... 3 ' Missionary Societies and Girls’Missionary Societies 31 34

Members of Missionary Societies: Women ...... 2,030 Juniors, Girls ...... 1,552 3,582 Contributions, AVomen's and Junior Missionary So­ cieties (included in church and congregational con­ tributions) ...... $1,633

5. SCHOOLS IN EGYPT.

No. of Schools: Girls ...... : ...... 48 Boys ...... 148 196

No. of Teachers: Women ...... 166 Men ...... 331 497

Protestants ...... 392 Others ...... 105 497

No. of Pupils: Girls ...... 5,252 Boys ...... 12,495 17,747 No. of Schools under direct care of Mission...... 31 “ in outstations under care of Synod ...... 165 196

Special Schools: Boarders. Day Scholars. Total. Theological Seminary, Cairo . 18 .... 18 College— Assiut Training College .... 716 109 825 Assiut Pressly Institute (Girls) .... 156 872 162 271 318 1,143

Cairo (Girls) College . 67 205 272 Luxor (Girls) ...... 73 198 271 Fowler Orphanage (Girls) ..... 44 56 100 Cairo, Ezbakiya (Girls) ...... 56 253 309 Tanta (Girls) ...... 16 244 260

Total Special Schools ( 8 ) . 1,146 1,227 2,373 Central Station Schools, including Special Schools: Schools. Pupils. Boys ...... •...... 10 2,603 Girls ...... 21 31 3,789 6,392

Preparatory and Elementary Schools: Boys ...... 138 9,509 Girls ...... 27 165 1,84611,So5

Total Schools ...... 196 Total Pupils ...... 17.741 Religion of Pupils: Protestants: Boys ...... 2,836 Girls ...... 1,183 4,019

C opts: Boys ...... 6,643 Girls ...... 2,670 9,313

Moslems : Boys ...... ? 642 Egypt-Summary of Statistics. *49

Others : Boys 374 Girls 569 943 17,747 Nationality o f Pupils: Egyptians ...... 16,707 Others ...... 1,040 17,747 School Finances: Paid by people of Egypt: Tuition Fees ...... $55,481 Boarding Fees (Colleges and Girls’ Boarding Schools) ...... 31,150 Subsidy towards self-support by Egyptians for native schools ...... 11,265 $97,896

Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscellaneous, etc., through Mission ...... 8,237 Paid by Mission Treasury, on ly ...... 42,746

Total cost of 196 schools in E gypt ...... $148,879 Church in America, about ...... 28% Per cent, People in Egypt, about ...... 65% per cent, Other Sources, about ...... ! ...... 6 per cent. 71% per cent.

6. BOOK DEPARTMENT.

Scriptures Distributed : Vols. Receipts. (1) British and Foreign Bible Society...... 9,147 $600 (2) American Bible Society ...... 33,384 4,103

General Distribution: (a) Total Scriptures ...... 42,531 $4,703 (b) Religious Books ...... 16,764 2,722 (c) Educational, etc., Books ...... 38,595 6,046

Total books sold ...... 97,890 $13,471 Stationery sold ...... 2,400

Total sales, volumes ...... 97,890 $15,871

7. MEDICAL WORK.

No. of Physicians (men, 4; women, 1) ...... 5 Assistant Physicians (men, 2) ...... 2 7

Nurses (missionary) ...... 1 Foreign Assistant Nurses (American. 6 : European, 8) 14 Egyptian Assistant Nurses ...... 8 23

House visits ...... • - • - 5,767 Village visits ...... 290 Villages visited ...... 98 Clinic cases treated ...... ■...... 52,004 Operations performed ...... 1,604 Hospitals ...... 3 Patients in hospitals ...... 3,365 Receipts, Physicians’ and Hospital fees ...... $25,162 150 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

III. FINANCIAL SUMMARY.

Received from native sources in the work of the various departments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Native Protestant Church in Egypt during 1910: (a) Evangelistic, Congregational, Sabbath School, Harem, etc. $70,695 (b) Educational, including College and all Schools...... 97,896 (c) Book Department ...... 15,871 (d) Medical Department ...... 25,162

Total Receipts from Egyptian Sources ...... $209,624 Appropriated by General Assembly and Women’s Board, May, 1910, for 1910-1911 ...... ,...... 127,721 For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a dollar and (>4 cents. MED & N E A N 8 E THE

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THE AMERICAN MISSION IN EGYPT. BISHAREEN Published by the United Presbyterian Board of Publication.

i/?:£;ibooa Population, nearly 1 0,000,000 iKoroVi Ibrahim

Towns marked thus 1 , mission stations

Scale of Miles. it) 60 80 100 ^ X 'n'S 2nd Cuttiract fcptlfadi Haifa

Gi’eenwich 3 5 Jä.P.PInk, Kngr., N V. 2D Longitude East THE

55th Annual Report

OK T H E

^l*|ERICAfl UNITED pRESByTERIA^I ^ISSIOJvl

IN

INDIA,

F o r t h e y e a r 1910. India— Introduction 153

INTRODUCTION.

During the year under review, the Mission in India has had more than the usual reason for thanksgiving although it has suffered some exceptional losses. The chief reason for thanksgiving continues to be the advance of the Christians in knowledge and liberality and their ever in­ creasing numbers. It is quite apparent that if a larger missionary force had been put into the field, the increase would have been much greater than it was. An increase, however, of n l/2 per cent, in the membership and 19 per cent, in contributions shows a very healthy growth. The instruction of those in the Church rather than the gathering in of those outside of Christ, is re­ ceiving increasing attention. This work of instruction is vital. Unless it be properly cared for, history itself warns us that the future must be fraught with peril. On the other hand there are multitudes ready to enter into the Kingdom of God with but the slightest persuasion, while multitudes more would re­ spond to aggressive missionary work. In reading the pages which follow, the reader is urged to read between the lines and take notice of the opportunities neglected, the open doors passed by, the work left undone,— all because of an inadequate force of laborers. During the past year the slender force of missionaries has been further weakened by illness, retirement and even death. For several months the Rev. E. E. Campbell was very ill, but his life was spared. Miss Agavnie Gilbakian, M. D., was com­ pelled by illness to return to America. Miss Minnie R. Alex­ ander, who had been co-operating with the India Mission since 1906, although supported by the Associate Reformed Synod of the South, took up work in connection with the newly estab­ lished mission of her own Church in Montgomery on the first of November. During the year 1910, three of the Mission’s workers were removed by death. Early in April, Mrs. E. E. Campbell was called away before she had completed her first term of service, and before the end of the month the Rev. J. H. Morton, who was on furlough after his first term. Both had entered into the work with enthusiasm an,d zeal and given promise of large usefulness. Near the close of the year, the Rev. Samuel Martin, D.D., who had reached the field in 1867, ha,d been a leader in establishing the Church, “died, and was gathered .unto his peo- 154 India— Introduction.

pie, old and full of days,” like as a shock of grain cometh in in its season.” The reinforcements received have been Miss Eleanor W. Maconachie, Margaret C. Hormel, and Lois M. Buchanan; and those returning from furlough, Mrs. T. L. Scott, the Rev. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, the Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoll, Misses Maria White, M. D., M. R. Martin, M. E. Logan an,d M. A. Lawrence. The coming of these friends has brought cheer and they have strengthened our hands in God.' The visit of the Commissioners from the Women’s Board has been a great pleasure and inspiration to all, and for it the India Mission desires to thank them and the whole Church. They took a very sympathetic interest in every department of the work, and the knowledge of the work and the workers which they have gained will be of great use to them in the work of enlightening and stimulating the women of the Church. Another visit which gave much pleasure was that of Prof. R. S. McClenahan, and Miss Minnehaha Finney, delegates from the Egyptian Mission to the Moslem Conference, who were ac­ credited delegates to the India Mission. They were able to spend only a short time, but entered into the work as only missionaries can. Their visit has strengthened the bonds which unite the two Missions and will make possible more successful co-opera- tion in the work of evangelizing the Moslems. Will all to whom this report comes join in prayer that the Church may be aroused to make an effort commensurate with the opportunity, before the opportunity is withdrawn? MRS. H. li. CAMPBEI,!, THE RHV. SAMUEL MARTIN, D.D. India— In Mcmoriam. 155

IN MEMORIAM. d&rs. E . JE. Campbell.

BY MISS M. M. WILSON.

Born in Xenia, Ohio, September the twenty-third, 1876. Arrived in the Mission Field, October the twenty-fifth, 1904. Died in Jhelum, April the sixth, 1910.

If it is true, as some one has said, that the lives of us all are songs that ascend to heaven, the Master must often indeed have been silent in His love to hear the melody of the life of that quiet-hearted daughter of His whom He took to Himself last April. Many songs have been louder, more dramatic, more thrilling, perhaps, to the world’s untrained ear, but to Him who loves, more than all sacrifice and heroism, just kindness and trustfulness and simple obedience, her life must have been very acceptable. There were things in her life which were heroic, but to her they were just a part of the day’s work, and she did it as a matter of course, as she did her household duties. Heroism, they say, is that quality which never allows men to acknowledge, even in their hearts, that anything they do for Christ is hard. To many refined women, it would have been a real hardship to live for the four cold months of the year in a tent blackened by a smoky stove, with only the crude furniture which belongs to a missionary’s camp, to have packed all one’s luggage twice a week, and moved five or ten or even fifteen miles through a rough Moslem district. But if she ever acknowledged in her heart that it was not all delightful, at least she never said so. It was her duty and she beautified it by little womanly kindnesses which are the best part of life, sharing with us everything she baked, or cooked, or got out from town. It was hard for her when her little daughter was only a few days old, to have her husband taken several hundred miles away for an operation for appendi­ citis. But none who knew her expected her to be anything but calm and quiet about it. It was hard the next fall to start out, with a little baby about two months old, on a seventy-mile trip across country in tents, leaving all medical aid behind. It was not just pleasant to stay all the day in the tent, pitched in some bare plowed field, and take care of the baby, while the rest were away in the villages. It was not easy, as the spring heat came °n, to take the baby to the hills for five months and to bear the. India— In Memoriam.

responsibility alone during the long rains, until her husband came up for his month’s vacation. Yet, in spite of the continual necessity of shielding her chil­ dren from the degrading influences around, sometimes she found a way of going to the villages with us. On such occasions we coveted her for the more direct work of teaching. For when she sat in a group of women, who admired her beauty greatly, that expression of tender love which women generally keep for their babies shined on her face, until we thought she was more charm­ ing in the villages than anywhere else. One day we arrived in a home just as a little child died, and she sat down and cried with thé mother, with the sympathy that only mothers have. She was very sad that day, thinking of them. “ How do they endure the death of the little things,” she said, “when they have no hope of seeing them again.” She was worthy of belonging to that class of mothers who triumphantly establish and maintain such Christian homes as their wondering non-Christian neighbors have never elsewhere seen or heard of, who train their children into Christian liv­ ing in the very face of a hostile evil civilization, who, while doing it, neither expect praise nor tolerate sympathy. Their work re­ ceives no mention in the yearly report, for the simple reason that it is too exquisite in its nature to be reckoned up and justly judged. But from God’s reports, which show, we hope, not numbers, but the power of hallowing influences, we will know how greatly her life prevailed in the establishment of Christ’s kingdom.

XLbe IRev. Herbert N orton.

BT THE BEV. HUBERT C. CHAMBERS

Born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, October the eighteenth, 1875. Arrived in the Mission Field, November the twenty-first, 1901. Died in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, April the twenty-ninth, 1910. Strong, clean, beautiful, and similar words readily come to mind in describing the character of the Rev. J. Herbert Morton, whose missionary service came to a close April 29th, 1910, at his home in Allegheny, Pa., while on furlough following his first term of service in India. In college and seminary he ranked high as an athlete, high in his classes, and high in spiritual attainment and as a leader of all that is best in student life. He was one in having whom as pastor any congregation of the home Church would have been fortunate and honored. With all his splendid gifts fully dedicated to the Master, he came to the •mission field in India in the autumn of 1901. India— In M etnoriam. i 5 7 To the above-mentioned worthy traits describing his character in earlier days, his fellow-missionaries after a number of years of close association with him on the mission field would add many more. One characteristic of his missionary career was his readiness for any and every service. This was shown by the amount and great variety of work with which his hands were always full. He was President of Gordon Mission College, Clerk of the Mission, for some time stated supply of Rawalpindi Congrega­ tion, one of the leaders in the Sialkot Convention movement for the ¡deepening of the spiritual life of the Church, and a ready helper in special services at Bible schools, the Soldiers’ Home, the Leper Asylum, and elsewhere. Another outstanding trait of our beloved brother was the ease with which he mingled with and the love he had for all classes of society. He was quite as much at home in his “brick kiln” Sabbath school or sitting on the mat with the simple villagers at the Sialkot Convention as he was at the Punjab University Con­ vocation. He was watchful of his own spiritual life and diligent in main­ taining communion and fellowship with Christ. After a long hot day of the most exacting labor, auditing books at Financial Meeting, at eleven o’clock at night he would retire into a quiet corner with his Bible for meditation .and prayer. He diligently kept before him that his first business was to preach the Gospel. It was hard for him to pass a group of non- Christians along the roadside without speaking to them. It was this feeling that he must preach the Gospel that made him rest­ less at times and fearful lest the college work and teaching, much of which was necessarily secular, should in any way render his life less fruitful in spiritual results than it ought to be. Space will not permit us to speak of his geniality, humility, his love of fairness and justice, of the breadth of vision and ability to enter sympathetically into departments of work other than his own. But we cannot refrain from emphasizing what seems, as we look back over his missionary, life, the most marked of all his excellences and the one which doubtless, humanly speaking, shortened his life by many years, and that is, his de­ votion to the work. During his first years he, with other missionaries in the same station, took exercise more or less regularly at tennis, but as the opportunities for service increased and he grew more and more engrossed in it he gradually allowed his time for recreation and exercise to lapse, and it was probably on account of this that the disease which ended his life gained its hold upon him. His month at the hills, each year, was spent in language study. He 158 India— In Memoriam.

was so weary his last year on the field that he felt he just must rest for a month, but, though strongly advised to do so, his sense of obligation to work was so strong that his last so-called vaca­ tion was spent as the ones preceding. In him the Church, as well as the Mission, has lost one in whom she was honored and of whom she was proud.

Z b e IRev. Sam uel M artin, 2>.2>.

BY THE BEV. J. W. BALLANTYNE.

Born in Irondale, Ohio, December the ninth, 1836. Arrived in the Mission Field, May the eighteenth, 1867. Died in Sialkot, December the twenty-fourth, 1910.

It was the writer’s good fortune to spend his first month of missionary work in itinerating with Dr. Martin and to succeed him in the work in Sialkot district and Sialkot City, when, in April, 1897, he left the field on furlough. When he returned from America, the work was divided, Dr. Martin being given the city work while I remained in the district, so that I was closely associated with him for several years, spending a part of each hot season in his home. Thus, from the first, I had special op­ portunities o f studying his_ methods and of enjoying his counsel and companionship. One could not wish for a more thoughtful and genial companion. His remarkable fund of information and his ready wit seldom failed, and he was never known to neglect the little attentions becoming a host. Dr. Martin was a large man, large in his comprehensive out­ look and mental poise. Not until he was taken from us did we fully realize how large he was in influence and in achievement. But it is not the province of this article to speak so much of his personality and character as of the work he did. Dr. Martin’s great work, in the providence of God, was his inaugurating and fostering the mass movement of the Chuhras towards Christian­ ity. The story of the conversion and baptism of Ditt, of Sha- habdoke, is doubtless well known, yet it may not be out of place to repeat it as I remember it being told by Dr. Martin himself. Ditt had come into Sialkot from his village thirty miles distant, requesting to be made a Christian,. He had heard of Christ and the Christian religion, but his knowledge was meagre and vague. A place was given him on the compound and he was put under daily instruction. It soon became apparent that the man was not only sincere, but determined. But just at this point, it became necessary for Dr. Martin, who had been suffering from fever, it being the rainy hot season, to go to the hills. But what was to India— In Memoriam. 159 become of Ditt? To leave this “ Outcaste” on the compound, even in the care of high-caste workers, was a doubtful course to pursue. To take him to the hills was out of the question. A decision was soon made. Dr. Martin baptized Ditt and sent him home to his own village with instructions to share his knowledge with his people and bring them to him. Possibly the exigencies of the case dictated this daring course. However that may be, a less resourceful nature would hardly have ventured so radical a step in that day. By baptizing Ditt and sending him back to his own people, a mass movement was inaugurated and a new policy initiated. Missionaries of the last two or more decades can scarcely conceive of the conditions which must have obtained during the day of rice Christians, who were kept on the Mission compound and sheltered from persecution and contamination, lest a less sympathetic atmosphere would prove fatal to their religion. If those of higher caste and training could not be trusted to the wilds of heathen environment, what must have been thought in that day of risking a meagrely-taught and newly- baptized Chuhra to whatever might befall him in a hostile village thirty miles away. But Ditt returned and with him a number of relatives who also requested baptism. This was after some months, during which time God had watched over His own. With what interest Dr. Martin received these first fruits can be easily imagined by any one who knows with what devotion and zeal he has ever since labored to gather into the church this responsive class and to advance -their spiritual and temporal welfare. Having witnessed the effect of Christianity in a hew born Christian away from external help and surrounded by heathendom, not only surviving, but taking root and expanding, there was borne in upon Dr. Martin the conviction that this was of the Lord. He at once saw clearly the opportunity and the call. Otherwise, with his sagacity and caution, he would not have committed himself so unreservedly to the evangelization of the whole Chuhra class. It is the testimony of his associate? that it was this unhesitating, unyielding purpose to follow up this beginning and to see it through, that won for the low-caste work the subsequent support which has given it its present lead in the work. To be sure there was opposition. To give special attention tc these outcastes would tend to discredit the missionary with tne higher castes. Not only so, but the higher castes would shrink from joining a Christian community made up of the ignorant out­ castes. And this has been true in a measure, and yet perhaps only apparently true, for, strange to say, these same outcastes are proving remarkably effective agents, and the low-caste Chris­ i6o India— In Mcmoriam.

tian community is to-day the witness in India of God’s power and grace. It was also claimed that these people had ulterior motives in becoming Christians. By accepting the religion of the missionary they would gain his sympathy and aid in securing emancipation from their low estate, and this has proved quite correct. There is no doubt that such notions of worldly advantage were and arc in their minds, and to a large extent these hopes are being real­ ized; yet the significant fact stands, that, from the beginning of the movement, these people responded to the pure Gospel and when baptized have proved steadfast with but little tendency to relapse, and have shown remarkable capacity for growth and im­ provement. “These people respond to the Gospel,” Dr. Martin would say, “then why not specialize on them,” and specialize he did with the full force of his great physique and striking personality, em­ ploying the best agents available, carrying on a policy of “push­ ing education” among these people, getting boys through school, using these boys to get others taught, raising up teachers and preachers from among these people and encouraging promising boys to go through the “Theological Seminary.” But then it was found that there were not enough missionaries to man the Seminary. He, then, in addition to his other work, began teach­ ing in the Seminary during the summer, while he itinerated among the villages during the winter. Thus the work was kept going. While most of his missionary associates, even in the early days of the movement, fell in with and engaged heartily in it, yet it was felt by some that Dr. Martin was somewhat hasty and in­ discriminate in his baptisms, and the contention over this matter in the earlier days, we are told, was at times vigorous and quite general. He, however, did not change his views nor relax his speed but continued to baptize his four or five hundred a year. His policy, in a word, seems to have been, “Gather these people into the church as fast as possible, use the best agents available, have them taught as well as possible, but keep the work going at its flood.” When the writer was about to succeed him in the district work there was no lack of friendly caution against hasty baptism. The warning was heeded and a somewhat fuller course of instruction and a more exacting examination were required of the people before they were granted baptism. But now in looking back over the work, we find that while some of those whom Dr. Martin baptized the winter we were with him, seem no farther along than the day they were baptized, appearing to be without life, yet the same is also true of many who have been baptized after a more exacting course of instruction. The greater part of those India— In M emoriam. 161 whom Dr. Martin baptized in Sialkot and other districts have advanced both in spiritual and temporal things, and are to-day the bulwark of the Church. Dr. Martin was largely instrumental in securing the grant of land upon which was established the Christian colony which bears his name, and Martinpur as well as other smaller settlements has established the fact that these people are worthy of the effort that has been put forth in their behalf, that they justify his belief in them and that they have a future. It was his ambition, not so much to help these people personally, as to open avenues where­ by they could themselves, when worthy, attain to better worldly things, and it was his privilege to see his hopes being realized. The Christians held him in great esteem. They knew him to be their friend, and they rewarded him with their affection and confidence. A canvass of the rolls of the districts in which he labored, shows that he baptized in all 7,200. These are his monu­ ment. Jacob said, “For with my staff I passed over this Jordan and now I am become two companies.” Dr. Martin could say, “I baptized Ditt and sent him home to his people and kindred, and lo, they are a Church!” IÓ2 India— Visit of the Commissioners.

VISIT OF THE COMMISSIONERS FROM THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

BY MISS N. J. SPENOEB. Long- and ardently desired, this visit, when actually realized, went even beyond our anticipations in the cheer from a far country that refreshed our souls thirsty for good news. All de­ partments of work in India are subject to inspection by the superior officers, but this was much better than an official inspec­ tion. From the moment they stepped upon the hospitable veranda of the mission house at Barah Patthar, Sialkot, until they left us after visiting each mission institution, district, and mis­ sionary, they have been a constant help and inspiration. Their presence in the Annual Meeting and what they said to us there, will for years to come help to clarify our ideas of what we may hope that the Women’s Board may undertake as its share of our work here. We were encouraged in our feminine habit of looking after details. “ Many a mickle makes a muckle.’’ The frank consideration of things as they are will surely be help­ ful to all concerned in this enterprise. We perhaps realized more keenly the burden borne by the Foreign Board and something of the sorrow that comes to its secretary and the other members when there seems to be no way to comply with the requests that come, more and larger every year, because of this ever-increasing and extending work, and also the exact extent to which the Women’s Board is helping to bear that burden. On the other hand, perhaps the hearing of the discussion on the Locating Committee’s report helped the Commissioners to realize something of why the India Mission thinks it needs more un­ married ladies for the work among the women. The itinerary planned was the result of much thought and yet when it seemed that the best arrangement had been made, a member of the committee, whose district came towards the last, said, “W e will never see them. None but iron women could take that tour.” But, by the good hand of their God, they were able to follow it to the letter, not a moment’s delay being caused by fatigue or illness. The references to their visit in many of the reports have been cut out for space reasons, but they gratefully acknowledge the help and encouragement and blessing given in the visit to the various districts and institutions. The time was too short every­ India— Visit of the Commissioners. 163 where, and how many times since has it been said, “ How we wish the ladies could have seen this?” The fear was expressed that they might see lands, buildings, schools, hospitals, congregations, but not so deeply into the spiritual part of the work, yet they have expressed the conviction that what has been done aright is due to the Divine direction. As they noted special needs, whether an operating table for a hospital or a plant for a girls’ school, we trust that they realized also that we crave that spiritual power without which all equipment is useless. The glimpses of the village and zenana work, the Punjabi meals, even the smoked and sweetened goats’ milk, by which hos­ pitality was shown them in friendly non-Christian homes, must help them to realize something of the setting of the ladies’ work. Of much more value is the tangible, visible proof of the love of our Church in America for the people of the Punjab, which yet is but a faint reflection of the love of Christ. This their coming brought to the secluded women in city, village and hamlet, whether of high or low degree, to the pastors, evangelists, and workers of every rank and grade. Perhaps this was most happily expressed by the pastor of the Martinpur congregation when on meeting them he cried, “Hallelujah!” This Christian village is the furth­ est from what they specially came to see, i. e., institutions sup­ ported by the Women’s Board, being a colony of independent farmers who manage their own affairs, but the interest shown by the Christians there and in other places was not restricted by such matters as supervision or , support of work. Escorts of honor, roads lined with Christians, with school boys and girls, processions, rides on camels, or in buggies drawn by Christian farmers instead of by horses, fireworks, decorations, gifts of all sorts, everything that large loving hearts could think of was done to show a heartfelt welcome. In other places where there was not a single ceremony or anything prepared in the way of a show, the Indians very lovingly, and in their own tongue or in halting English, expressed the great pleasure and honor they felt at see­ ing these honored ladies. The influence on the Women’s Missionary Societies, to take but one branch of organized church work, is not likely to be fully appreciated for some time yet. The appreciation of the missionaries that the Commissioners have expressed makes us feel humble and unworthy, but we are glad they were permitted to be even this long with us, in times of festivity and in times of anxiety and grief. India— Work Among Christians.

WORK AMONG CHRISTIANS. ORGANIZED WORK.

CONGREGATIONS.

Progress along several lines is noted this year, increase in con­ tributions, a desire manifested by the people for settled pastors, and a greater readiness on the part of teachers to take up pastoral work depending on the people for all temporal necessities. One says, “The whole tone and character of the Christian community is steadily rising/’ It is difficult to describe in detail all the factors which contribute to this improvement, but the progress •itself is very apparent. The willing spirit and helpfulness of the women in these organized centers is noted in a number of re­ ports. The list of tithe-payers is steadily lengthening. The num­ ber of congregations has increased and many communities are reported as desiring organizations. Churches are being built and the people who were not a people are coming to realize that they may be a chosen and peculiar people, a possession for the Lord our God. To Him be the praise. Sargodha district has six organized congregations. Five of these are self-supporting. Bhera, though small, has been faithful in holding forth the Word of Life in that large city. Chak 71, the main part of the first Sargodha congregation, which, it will be noticed, separated from it last year, is now under the efficient leadership of the Rev. Mangu Mall. These people are tithe- payers and beside their pastor’s salary have contributed Rs.* 100 to the home mission work and Rs. 132 to other objects, making a total of Rs. 832, an increase of 92 per cent, over the previous year. During the greater part of the year the Westonpur con­ gregation seemed almost dead, spiritually. The members have, however, been somewhat revived during the last months. This awakening seems largely due to a reviving in the spiritual life of the pastor. He reports the teaching and receiving into the church of a whole community of low-caste people, 31 adults and 28 chil­ dren having been baptized. He has also stirred up his people on the question of giving. They have begun regular monthly contri­ butions to the Home Mission work of the Synod. The S a rg o d h a City congregation, the Rev. Buddha Mall, pastor, reports a year of much blessing. The Sabbath services have been well attended.

* A rupee is an Indian coin worth about 33 1-3 cents. India— Work Among Christians.

The mid-week prayer meetings have been times of real blessing. The Rev. Karm Bahksh, pastor of Chak 87, reports that his people have been attending services very well, and in the very import­ ant matter of family worship have made excellent progress. In the matter of giving they have not done as well as last year. The sum paid to the pastor amounted to Rs. 124. The congregation of Chak 74 failed to secure the pastor called a year ago, and is still vacant but has made progress. During December, 36 adults and 20 infants were baptized. Seventy-four names were added to the roll of the congregation. They have called a recent gradu­ ate of the seminary to become their pastor on a salary of Rs. 240 per annum. This man has intimated his willingness to accept the call. The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports from Khangah Dogran dis­ trict concerning the three organizations reported last year that there has been no marked increase in the membership of any of them. Martinpur congregation, through a mistake in preparing the statistics last year, shows a decrease of over 300, while in reality there has been a small net increase. This congregation with respect to numbers and wealth may be placed at the head of the list of congregations in this synod. A number of members have been led off by those who profess to be Plymouthites. One of the prominent leaders of the sect in the Punjab, however, has repudiated the leaders of the movement. The people are still ignorant and because they are not well grounded in their beliefs are easily led away. This is certainly a loud call for every effort possible to be put forth for their instruction in Bible truth. The Sabbath services are well attended. During the summer 25 per­ sons were upon examination and baptism admitted to church membership. All those living in this village, except a few indi­ viduals, are now Christians. The pastor is devoted to his work and loved and respected by all. He needs the help of our prayers in the important work of leading and shepherding this large flock in the midst of many enemies. Roranwala congregation is still without a pastor and at present without a teacher. They paid last year what would amount to about one-half of an ordinary village pastor’s salary. Elders were chosen during the summer but have not yet been ordained. Satialli congregation lost a few members by removal. This so reduced the membership that self-support was practically impossible and presbytery at its recent meeting included Kotla, a neighboring village, within the bounds of the congregation. In this village there are 10 or 15 families of Chris­ tians and a like number of inquirers. The salary was paid in full last year except Rs. 41 supplied from the district offerings. The course of study appointed by the Mission was not followed, but the people were taught from the Book of Exodus, the story °f Elijah, and the Life of Christ. 166 India— Work Among Christians.

Gurdaspur reports four organized congregations: Gurdaspur, Awankha, Tibbar, and Khaira. The first three of these have had settled pastors for a number of years. Khaira has been vacant for a long time, but has taken a new lease of life. Presbytery appointed a commission to make a canvass for a pastor’s salary. This canvass resulted in a subscription of Rs. 120 per annum. A mass meeting was held which was well attended by the Christians o f the whole circle. Five additional elders were chosen. They expressed a desire that licentiate Gulaba become their pastor on the same salary which he was drawing as a mission worker. He signified his willingness to accept the call and is to be installed in the near future. On November 15, 1910, Presbytery met in regular session at Tibbar. The meeting was a remarkable one. The Rev. Yusuf, who had been pastor at Tibbar for 6 or 7 years, had been called by the Home Mission Board to take up work in the home mission field. He was much beloved by the people of his congregation and by all who knew him. The Tibbar con­ gregation had issued a wide invitation to Christians all over the district to attend the meeting. The Rev. Yusuf was leaving the next day for the home mission field and the meeting furnished the occasion for a farewell reception for him. Two or three hundred people were present and a most profitable devotional and conference program was carried out. When the resignation of the Rev. Yusuf as pastor of the Tibbar congregation was pre­ sented there was scarcely a dry eye in the assembly. The mem­ bers of the session, as one after another they led in prayer for their former pastor and themselves, were scarcely able to finish. One of the members presented him with a well-bound Bible as a token of love and esteem. The Rev. Yusuf, who had become the self-supported pastor of Tibbar five years before, had under the blessing of God made it a success. The congregation has made out- a call for a licentiate, Imam-ud-Din, who is already on the field. The other circles had been looking on and mentally taking note, and at this meeting presented requests for presbytery to form them into regular organized congregations. These re­ quests were practically calls signed by the heads of families, each one promising, over his thumb mark, substantial support for the pastor. As presbytery took steps to effect these organizations, the time of the district superintendent for the remainder of the camping season promises to be taken up with the work of organ­ izing these different circles into congregations. Talabpur sent in one of the above-mentioned calls for Isaac, their former teacher. Effecting an organization in one of these circles is not the simple process that it is in communities at home. The congrega­ tion to be organized consists of small bands of village Christians,' one to twenty families in each, scattered through 10 or 12 villages several miles apart. Each village must be visited before the India— Work Among Christians.

general meeting, the people awakened to a realization of what is being done, and the amount of each subscription toward the pas­ tor’s salary secured over the thumb mark of the subscriber. The Talabpur circle is now being visited. Rain is seriously interfer­ ing with the preliminary work. The date has necessarily been twice postponed. W e are much pleased with the spirit shown by the people and the one called to be their pastor, and we believe that under God’s blessing this congregation will become a strong example of a real self-supporting organization in a village com­ munity. Conditions in Gujranwala district are reported as being much the same as last year. Four of the six congregations are without settled pastors. However, about half the support of the district evangelistic workers is being raised by the Christian community. It is hoped that before another year ends three of these congre­ gations, at least, may entirely support their pastors. A great need is for men ready to take up these pastorates, there being a lack of enthusiasm on the part of the workers along the line of self-support. Trigari is the only village congregation in the dis­ trict with a settled pastor. Othian and Galotian have called Shadi Khan, but as yet he has not signified his willingness to accept. The Rev. J. A. McArthur reports the spiritual condition to be hopeful as indicated by a substantial increase in contribu­ tions, a better attendance upon religious services, and a marked willingness on the part of the Christians to keep clear of non- Christian customs. An effort is being put forth by a goodly number of Christians to reach their non-Christian brethren with the Gospel. The worker at Ghakkar received a call to another field, where he would receive a third more salary and be assured of being almost immediately ordained and in­ stalled, but he declined the call choosipg rather to stay where he was, as he said he felt certain God had more work for him in Ghakkar. God is wonderfully blessing his work here and giving him joy such as money and position could not give. He says he gets so happy sometimes that he has to dance for joy. The Rev. Barakat Masih, pastor of Gujranwala congregation, reports that regular Sabbath and week-day services and pastoral visitation have been maintained. The church is in good condi­ tion. The members are at peace with one another and growing in knowledge and liberality. During the year the pastor’s salary has been increased and the leaders in the Indian church have co-operated heartily with the missionaries in spreading the Gos­ pel. Thirteen infants and 15 adults were baptized. From the Boys’ Industrial Home bands have gone out to preach in adjoin­ ing villages. In Dhulla, through the kindness of Mr. A. M. Laing and the effort of the villagers, a house has been built for 168 India— Work Among Christians.

the teacher in charge. The village people are more ready to learn than those in the city. The Rev. W . T. Williams, pastor of the Rawalpindi congre­ gation, says, “The year has been one o f great blessing in every department of the work, for which we are grateful to our Heavenly Father. There were 22 adult and 25 infant • baptisms during the year. There was one addition to the roll by pro­ fession and two by certificate. Five, and perhaps more, families are tithe-payers and experience great joy in their contributions to the Lord’s work. The congregational home mission work shows an encouraging number of baptisms.” The three congregations of Zafarwal district continue as for­ merly, except that the pastor of the Zafarwal congregation has removed to another place, leaving the congregation without an under-shepherd. A call has, however, been extended to a licen­ tiate, who it is hoped will come and take up the work. In the other two congregations, viz., Chhima and Ainowali, there are things for which we should praise and things for which we should pray. The Ainowali people are very liberal in their gifts to their pastor and raised more than his fixed salary the first half of the year. They are about ready to erect a house of worship. The Chhima congregation has not yet learned the blessedness of giving, so we should pray for them that they may receive this grace also. In both congregations we notice the people are not so well taught as they should be. W e have suggested a new method of teaching which we hope may be fruitful of good. This lack is partly, perhaps largely, of the people rather than the pas­ tor. Both pastors have nobly faced poverty for Christ’s sake and are Christian ministers for whom we should pray and give thanks. But one congregation has been organized in Pasrur district .during the year. There are nine congregations with four min­ isters, all settled pastors. There have been about 800 adults and 400 children baptized. Contributions are increasing. In addi­ tion to the four pastors mentioned above, the evangelists are entirely supported by the gifts o f the people. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., says of Lyallpur, “The people should support their own work. . They are financially able to do it. In places where they have a start they are doing it and in all places they give more or less. In almost every place where we have tried they have been willing to begin and do their best. A great problem is to find men that have a true pastoral spirit. Many are disposed to seek their own things and not the things of Christ. It is in place to remark here that we have some very faithful men and their work shows it. W hat we want is more 01 them. There are two organized congregations both of which have pastors whose salaries they pay entirely. One of these India— Work Among Christians. 169 pastors is ordained and installed and the other is to be soon. Organization is being asked for by nearly all of our unorganized circles and will probably be affected in the near iuture.” Of the Christian Training Institute the superintendent writes, “This is substantially a school congregation and the conditions and work are for that reason exceptional. In addition to the regular Sabbath school, prayer-meetings, and Sabbath preach­ ing services, very beneficial meetings for growth in the divine life were held just before the summer vacation. Three com­ munions have been held and four names added to the roll by confession of faith in the past year. One worker in the Pasrur district has been supported by the Christian Training Institute congregation. The contributions from the Indian members have amounted to Rs. 50. W e have very few members who are wage earners.” Bawa Lakhan and Chawinda congregations, in Sialkot district, support their own pastors. The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne reports these as having made commendable progress in the way of ac­ cessions, contributions and breaking away from their old cus­ toms. The pastors are held in esteem and have shown zeal in trying to improve the moral condition of their people. The Rev. T. L. Scott, D.D., says of the Sialkot City congre­ gation, “The work has been carried on as usual in various parts of the city. Quite a number from the lower classes have been baptized and the work among- them is hopeful. The church services are well attended. Our church room is too small to hold the congregation, hence we have extra services on Sabbath in the Christian centers. I think the people are growing in spirituality.” Jhelum congregation is briefly reported by the Rev. E. E. Campbell as follows :— “The greater harmony in the congre­ gation, as shown in the absence of church quarrels and in the unanimous call of the Rev. Ganda Mall to come as pas­ tor, has been the encouragement of the year in our church work. The call was accepted and the new pastorate opened in November.”

SABBATH SCHOOLS. Sabbath schools, as carried on in the districts, are very ir­ regular and exceedingly difficult to report in any clear, tabu­ lated form. A school may be opened in a village and do very well for a time, then conditions suddenly arise which compel th e closing of the school. Nevertheless there is very much accomplished by these isolated and often erratic classes and the Bible knowledge of many is materially increased by means of them. In the stations where there are settled Indian pas­ 170 India— JVork Among Christians.

tors or missionaries, conditions are different and many good schools are kept open throughout the year. Rawalpindi congregational Sabbath school is thus briefly re­ ported by the pastor:— “The attendance is har.dly what could be desired, but the contributions show an encouraging increase.” Other Sabbath schools are maintained near the city. Sab­ bath schools for non-Christians are held in connection with the High School and its branches. During the year faithful work has been done and the attendance at these services has shown a healthy growth. A Sabbath school is also held at the Leper Asylum. The attendance there is encouraging. Gurdaspur congregational Sabbath school has held its own dur­ ing the year. The enrolment is 55, the contributions Rs. 32. A good proportion of the members of the church attend the Sabbath school. Elder Munshi Nabi Bakhsh was taken from us bv death December 5th, 1910. He was an honored member of our school and a teacher. Gujranwala district is reported by the Rev. J. A. McArthur, as follows:— “This work is carried on in connection with the Christian Endeavor Societies. No sharp distinction can be drawn, as the Sabbath school lessons are being used in both. So far no satisfactory progress has been made, too much still depend­ ing upon the missionary or worker. The Christians at large fail to recognize their responsibility in the line of active Christian work.” In the All-India S. S. Examination 45 out of 49 boys 'from the Sabbath school connected with the Gujranwala High School passed, 15 standing in the first division. The attendance of non- Christians has not been as great as in former years, but the in­ terest shown by those attending has been good. From the Christian Training Institute Sabbath school nine boys secured certificates of passing in the General Lake Mem­ orial Bible Examination held in July. Thirty-tw o appeared in the All-India S. S. Examination, of whom 26 passed. Madhopur has the following unique work reported by the Misses Wilson:— “From April to the end of August it was our privilege to superintend a Sabbath school held in our veranda. Babu Mulaim-ud-Din helped us very much in taking a class and in bringing the boys. He also kept the school up while we were in the hills. There were representatives from nearly all the villages around Madhopur. Eight Sikhs, ten Mohammedans, six Hindus and three Christians constituted the 27 pupils of the school. The Sabbath school picture rolls were used, the stories recited, and the verses committed. There were two classes. The boys were very fond of the Psalms. One of our neigh­ bors, Mrs. Kates, was very much interested and contributed Rs. 4 to provide a treat for the boys.’’ India— Work Among Christians. 171

Lyallpur has one proper Sabbath school, that belonging to the Lyallpur congregation. In Pasrur the International S. S. Lessons are taught to some 400 Christian pupils in the schools. A few adults attend. The work in Sargodha is reported as good. Besides the city schools, the congregation had under its supervision during the summer four Sabbath schools in near villages. In Martinpur a Sabbath school of one hundred or more members is conducted every Sabbath evening. The large colored lesson pictures are used in teaching the lesson. The Rev. • T. L. Scott, D.D., reports a Sabbath school for non-Christian boys in connection with the Sialkot High School. As attendance is not compulsory fewer attend than we should like. W e have, however, a fair Sabbath school. From Jhelum the Rev. E. E. Campbell reports, “Sabbath schools for non-Christians are carried on in connection with both of the boys’ schools. The attendance in Jhelum is good. The headmaster urges it strongly on both teachers and pu­ pils. The lowest attendance during the year was 57, the high­ est 135, and the average 95. The average attendance in the day school has been 146.” In Sanghoi the Sabbath school has been closed since the break in the day school caused by the baptism of a Hindu boy more than three years ago, but has been opened this year with a small attendance. In the All-India S. S. Examination the Sabbath school of the Boys’ Industrial Home, which is attended by the boys in the Home and the girls in the Girls’ Boarding School, Gujran- wala, and a few other Christians, stood first. One boy in the junior department stood first, securing the silver medal.

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR. Christian Endeavor work is so closely allied to Sabbath school work in many places that it is hard to differentiate between them. Some think the Christian Endeavor work more helpful, because it affords an outlet for the energies of the members in committee work. Khangah Dogran gives us the following interesting re­ port:— “There are three Christian Endeavor Societies with 80 members, 60 of whom are in the two junior societies which meet every Friday. These meetings are conducted much as the Young People’s meetings at home. The members help the pastors in many ways. The committees for visiting the sick, to promote Sabbath keeping, preaching, and peace-mak­ ing are very useful. The Semi-Annual Christian Endeavor Convention of the district was held December 15th at Martin­ pur, on invitation from the Juniors who had been awarded the junior flag at the previous convention. At this meeting 172 India— Work Among Christians. the senior society was presented with the new senior flag, which is to be contested for at subsequent conventions.” Satialli reports that the Christian Endeavor Society has been maintained. The Gurdaspur Juniors report the attendance as less regu­ lar this year, on account of some of the children being- away attending- school. Their contributions have been given to the Bible Society in Lahore. There are four societies under the care of the teachers of the Girls’ Industrial Home. All the pupils attend the meet­ ings. A special feature has been an evangelistic committee from the senior society, which has been conducting Sabb&th schools in different parts of the city and in the near villages. The contributions amounted to Rs. 32. The Christian Training Institute also has progressive Christian Endeavor work to report. There are three societies in place of the one reported last year. The new ones are an intermediate and a junior. These have done good work. One of the Christian Endeavor boys was instrumental during the summer vacation in helping a Mohammedan lad to decide for Christ. Other boys did some work while at home in August and September. Preaching bands, at times, visit villages near the school.

WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. This organization is playing its part in the development of the Church. One of our missionaries writes to the effect that several Women’s Missionary Societies have been organized in his district and that they have been most helpful in creating interest among the women of these centers. The visit of the Commissioners from the W om en’s Board has helped to create interest. They were present at the meetings of a number of societies. The women have come to know that they are a part of the Church and have a share in its interests and de­ velopment. The presbyterials, held from spring to spring, to which the village women are invited and where they are in­ structed along the lines of duty and privilege, have much to do with the expansion of this work. We have reports this year from ten districts, some of these including several so­ cieties. We have a small quarterly paper edited and distri­ buted among our members. May it not be the beginning of an Indian Women’s Missionary Magazine? Lyallpur reports a society of eight members. The women’s weekly prayer meeting and the Women’s Missionary Society were held as usual until the latter part of August. The aver­ age attendance at the meetings was larger than the member­ ship. The interest was kept up until the missionaries went to the hills in August and since then it has lagged. The worn- India— Work Among Christians. m en are interested in the home mission work of our Church, the orphans in Pasrur, and the Armenian sufferers. The regular contributions were divided between the first two ob­ jects and the thankoffering of Rs. 42 given to the last. Progress is the keynote of the report from Khangah Dog- ran. The spirit of giving is increasing and the women are proud of their part in it. Even when they are not strong enough to hold regular meetings they give each month to the thankoffering fund. The thankoffering from Khangah Dog- ran district this year was Rs. 85. The women were helped by the good delegation that attended the presbyterial held in Gujranwala last April. One village sent a delegation of five who went at their own expense. Others went paying half of the expense and giving the time. An effort was made to se­ cure the attendance of the district workers. Six of the twelve came. It means much that the women are willing to take time, trouble and expense to make a long railway journey in order to attend the meetings. These societies hold weekly meetings, each member contributing a monthly fee. There are six societies with 83 members who have contributed Rs. 36 during the year. Gujranwala reports regular, well attended and interesting monthly meetings. Amount of fees collected Rs. 29; thank- offering Rs. 30; membership 35. Of the Gujranwala district societies Miss McCullough writes, “The women were so filled with enthusiasm by what they saw and heard in the presby­ terial which met in Gujranwala last Aoril that on their return to their homes they organized societies in several villages. In Badoke they have regular meetings. The women have learned to sing some new Psalms. Soon after their organiza­ tion their treasurer asked for a thankoffering jug in which to put their money lest she be tempted to use it or get it lost. Natt society is also a fruit of the presbyterial. The women have not made so much progress in Bible knowledge as those in Badoke, but they have done well. Ghakkar also organized, but only occasional meetings have been held. Galotian has regular meetings and keeps up a good interest. When urging some of the women to attend the next presbyterial to be held in Sargodha. telling them the expenses of the delegate would be paid by the society, one of the women said, ‘If I am ap- Dointed I will pay my own expenses and some one else can have my share/ ” From Sargodha we have the following brief but spicy re­ port of their five societies: Bhera, Sargodha. and three vil­ lage organizations:— “During the year this work has been left almost entirely in the hands of the Indian women, and al­ though they do not know much about rules of order they are learning that they have something to do for others. In Sar- 174 India— Work Among Christians.

godha City during the summer months the society met every Friday, three times in the month to sew for hospitals. At the close of these meetings a half hour was spent in prayer for the work of Christ in different places. The fourth Friday was the regular meeting.” Sialkot City Women’s Missionary' Society has been kept up throughout the year as usual. Pasrur society has 40 members who have contributed Rs. 50 in monthly fees during the year. In November a most enthusiastic thankoffering service was held, at which 14 new members were received and Rs. 100 contributed. Pathankot reports a membership of 20, ten meetings held, and good offerings. A woman worker for a village has been supported and contributions made to the home Mission. Two village organizations are reported. Sangla Hill reports, “We are encouraged by a slow but steady progress. Two new members have been received and Rs. 10 contributed to the Girls’ Industrial Home at Pasrur. A delegate was sent to the presbyterial in Gujranwala. Meet­ ings have been well attended and a good interest shown. The subjects have been missionary: studies of China, Japan, Korea, Egypt and the lives of Chandra Lela and Pandita Ramabai. Each Friday afternoon during the summer months the members gathered their non-Christian neighbors into one of their homes, sang Psalms, and read from the Bible. Three societies were organized in the villages, two of which have maintained regular meetings. Two delegates were sent to the presbyterial from one of these.” Gurdaspur has had a rather discouraging history the past year owing to the illness and absence of a number of mem­ bers. Meetings have been regularly held and fees paid by almost all the members. The subjects have been missionary. No new work has been undertaken. Contributions amounted to Rs. 71 from which an orphan is supported in the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot. A thankoffering of Rs. 41 was sent to the Armenian sufferers. The Awankha society used the monthly fees in repairing and enlarging their church. The Tibbar society lost their leader by the removal of Pastor Yusuf and his wife to the home mission field. A thankoffer­ ing service held at the close of wheat harvest was well at­ tended. The offering consisted of a chicken, several pounds of grain, and some money. Some of the women of Ghot have done what they could in holding meetings. They have con­ tributed both fees and a thankoffering. The Rawalpindi society reports having met regularly with an average attendance of 10. The offerings amounted to Rs. 21-8. The members provided flowers for the pulpit and in preparation for the thankoffering service cleaned the church India— Unorganised Christian Work. 175 and made a special contribution of Rs. 15 to renew the win­ dow curtains. The thankoffering was Rs. 61-4. Zafarwal reports three societies with contributions of Rs. 26 and a thankoffering of Rs. 51.

UNORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK. WORK AMONG VILLAGE MEN. The condition of our village work is very well expressed by the Rev. J. A. McArthur when he says, “The general state­ ment of conditions is found in John 4: 35, 36, ‘Say not ye, there are yet four months, and then cometh the harvest?— Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields, that they are white already unto harvest. He that reapeth receiveth wages, and gathereth fruit unto life eternal, that both he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together.’ ” An increase of 15 per cent, is reported from Gujranwala district. Fewer workers must bear the burden of the added villages and the increased number of Christians. About one half have weekly services, the other half have but one or two chances yearly of hearing the Gospel in their own villages. In the whole district, about one-third of the village Christians are within reach of a mission school. The non-Christians, as well as the Christians, gladly learn those portions of Scrip­ ture taught. There is need of deeper consecration that each Christian may feel his responsibility in spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ, such a sense of sin that each may be able to see his own sins as plainly as he does those of others, and a greater rejoicing in bearing each his own burden. The great­ est encouragement comes from the new Christians. They refuse to be content with present attainments, and are prov­ ing teachers of those who are older in Christian life but less enthusiastic. Many of them are eager to learn more, and use what they have learned of Christian truth in efforts to reach their non-Christian brethren. Another encouragement is the increased number of men and women who are able to lead in prayer in public; an evidence that they meet with God in private. We quote the following instances from the Gujranwala report:— “Last year the Christians of Bhartanwala pointed out to us with pride the place where their former shrine had been. This year, with even greater pride, they showed us this same spot, where, in place of Bale Shah, the3T have erected a home for the worker. Thus the ground has been reclaimed from idolatry and made a place for the shelter of the one who carries to them the words of eternal life. 176 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

“Another case is that of the old Christian at Ghakkar. He had never been strong in his faith. One day he began to build a shrine of bricks and mud, but as often as he built up the children came along and threw it down. At last his own son came along, picked up bricks and mortar and threw them all into the village pond, while his wife said if he did not stop such foolishness she would not cook his meals for him.” In Zafarwal district there are more than a hundred villages containing Christians, which are outside of congregational organizations. These depend for their spiritual guidance partly upon the more or less regular visits of a teacher, and partly upon the annual or semi-annual visits of the mission­ ary. At present about twenty of these villages ¿re not pro­ vided with a regular teacher. We quote from the Rev. H. S. Nesbitt’s report:— “Is it surprising that, from year to year, our Christians do not advance more rapidly in Christian knowledge and spiritual life? We are often pained at hearl by having to meet entreaties for teachers with a refusal be­ cause of the lack of men and money. By way of encourage­ ment, it must be said with thanksgiving, that where there are teachers provided for the people, we find many, especially among the younger generation, who show creditable ac­ quaintance with the truths taught them and who manifest strong interest in Biblical teaching.” The Gurdaspur mission district, containing some 400 square miles, has been divided into 16 parts, each of which contains a circle of villages. The aim has been to have one worker located in each circle, but thus far this has never been possible. Sometimes two or more of these large circles are put in charge of one man. Need we wonder that many of our people are ignorant? The Rev. D. R. Gordon writes, “A number of the villages, especially those lying in the farthest corners of the district, are not reached at all during the year by any worker or teach­ er. For the most part there is readiness and eagerness to learn the Bible and catechism, and on the whole the progress made by the people during the past few years in Bible knowl­ edge, ability to pray, and in contributing to the Lord’s work is most encouraging. Eight or ten years ago, it was a very rare thing for the village Christians to be able to lead in pray­ er in public, while now it is a common thing to find all, or nearly all, the men in a number of villages able to do so. The increase in contributions is remarkable. Eight years ago the amount contributed from purely village Christian sources was about Rs. 11, while last year it amounted to Rs. 859.” The work in Khangah Dogran has made good progress. There is an increase of 35 per cent, in membership and nearly 50 per cent, in contributions. The average per member is India— Unorganised Christian Work. 177

Rs. 1-3-0 or 40 cents. The advance in knowledge, though not so marked, has been good. Through the kindness of Government officials in granting permission to use various pol­ ice and canal bungalows, the Rev. H. C. Chambers was able to do a great deal of summer work in distant parts of the district. • Mr. Chambers writes, “The work has increased very much in opportunity for enlargement. There are many villages where a teacher, by faithful work, could prepare a large num­ ber of inquirers for baptism, but where there is an insufficient number of teachers to instruct those who are already in the church, the outlook is not very encouraging for those who are ready and waiting, but still outside. Four of our large Chris­ tian communities are without a teacher. ‘Pray ye therefore, the Lord of the harvest, that he may send forth laborers into his harvest.’ “One good man, where there had been no workers for years, welcomed the teacher who was sent to his village with a joy greater than that produced by a bountiful harvest. Though unable to read, he wranted a catechism of his own and sat down to study it with all the relish of a hungry man sitting down to a good meal. This man has borne heavy losses in­ flicted by his non-Christian neighbors and has done it brave­ ly and patiently.” The following statistics give some idea of the progress •made in Sargodha district during the past three years:—

Villages containing Year Christians Membership Baptisms Christian Community 1908 105 2.055 407 4735 1909 112 2630 • 842 5455 1910 126 3253 874 6516

The contributions are Rs. 2,553. This is an advance of 52 per cent, over 1909, and of 164 per cent, over 1908. Of these numbers 82 villages, 2,166 members, and 591 baptisms are in unorganized circles. The Rev. J. A. McConnelee writes, “Three of these circles are waiting for organization and will be organized at once. One of them last year contributed more than enough to pay the salary of a pastor. A second gave half enough. In the third circle the people of one village came to me with a pa­ per, signed by the heads of all the families, asking for a pas­ tor and promising Rs. 10 per month toward his support, We cannot supply them with pastors. Why? Qualified men are not-available. True we have some who might be pastors, but they lack the consecration. Even taking this into account, the outstanding fact of the situation is that the advance of the^ Church in numbers and ability and readiness to carry on their congregational work far outstrips the supply of pastors 178 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

and teachers. This emphasizes the need of missionaries to train men, for such work.” The missionaries were very much touched by the visit of a man and his wife, the only Chris­ tians of their village, who walked many miles to bring them the tithe of their year’s earnings. This is some of the ma­ terial of which the Indian Church is being built. For the 4,000 communicants of Pasrur district there are only nine organized congregations. Three-fourths of the people have no proper organization. They are scattered in 270 villages and cannot come together in any nine or ten places for Sabbath services. In some places the Christians are dependent on the local school teacher for Sabbath ser­ vices and in others there is not even a school teacher. The Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph.D., says, “We, perhaps, have no villages (containing Christians) which are not visit­ ed at all during the year, but nearly half of them are out of reach of village schools. About 225 from these villages, some of them from distances o f 30 or 40 miles, attended a lay­ men’s conference in Pasrur in November. The whole day, was spent in discussing the condition of the Church and methods for its improvement. The spirit shown by all the village delegates was commendable.” The Rev. J. H. Stewart reports from Pathankot, “Largely through the untiring efforts of Wilson, an evangelist, our first church building outside of Pathankot was erected.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell, writes from Sangla Hill, “The poverty of the people, the dependence of the Christians upon non-Christian farmers for their daily bread, the precarious relations between employers and employees, often leading to the removal of the entire Christian community to some place many miles beyond the boundaries of the mission district, are some of the hindrances to organization and the establish­ ment of pastorates. In some instances greed for money and indifference to religious obligations can be added to the list of hindrances. There are more than 2,000 baptized adults scattered about in no villages of Sangla Hill district. Fif­ teen men are employed to work this territory of 530 square miles. Weekly services are held in 17 of these villages. About 80 of them are visited only occasionally, perhaps once or twice a year, or even less at times.” In about one-fourth of the 127 villages of Lyallpur, where there are Christians, regular services are held every Sabbath. These services are held in rotation in about 60 villages. The services in the other villages are more irregular and held on week-days, or whenever, the pastor or teacher is able to reach them. Nearly all of them have been seen by the p resen t superintendent, or his predecessor, or by the ladies during the year. India— Unorganized Christian Work. 179

The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., says of the work in Lyallpur, “The progress in Christian knowledge made by some of our village communities is excellent, the best I have ever seen. We have dispensed with the old catechisms and have pre­ pared a series of lessons from the Old Testam ent and the life of Christ, the teaching being done in the form of telling the story. The people learn these stories in order and recite them to one another and in family worship. In every case where this has been tried the results have been good. “As in other places, Lyallpur has no lack of openings for new work and work among Christians. The need is for more men. The people are willing to assume the support of their pastors if we can only find the men. The increase of mem­ bership in the entire district has been 269. The contributions are slowly improving, the entire amount being Rs. 1,188 against Rs. 930 last year. Sabbath observance is far from what one could wish. Attendance at services, where they are held regularly, is fair. The work of reformation of marriage customs is going on slowly. The best sign of growth is the willingness and, in some cases, the eagerness of the people to be taught Christian truth and practices.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne reports from Sialkot district as follows: “From within the Christian community we have noticed some reaction. While the contributions have aggre­ gated more than in any former year, the increase has resulted from the greater liberality of a few, while the many have given more grudgingly than during famine times. While there has been more pronounced Christian conviction and practice and more spiritual activity among others, there have been several fragrant breaches of privilege. Only recently, in one of our oldest Christian villages, the death of a promi­ nent man was made the occasion of the gathering together of a large number of Christians from different parts of our own and other districts. These took part in the idolatrous performances and distribution of liberal gifts to fakirs and marassis (professional minstrels). “The reaction, we believe, is only temporary and seems to have been brought about chiefly by the activity of these fak­ irs and marassis, who are becoming desperate at the prospect of being deprived of their living, as they see the Chuhras fast becoming Christians. Of late they have been making much °f the plea of old friendship and past association. They, too, would gladly become Christians if they could be allowed to carry on their old customs.” There are Christians living in 160 of the villages of Sialkot district. About half of these are organized. Nine new vil­ lages have been- added during the year. The number of vil­ lages has increased and the number of workers decreased. 180 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

Thus each worker finds it necessary to cover more ground. To do this he must make his visits less frequent, with the re­ sult, we fear, that teaching is done less thoroughly. The missionary aims to make a semi-annual visit to each village. A village man came to the Sialkot Convention for three days. When he started home his feet lagged. He stopped and asked counsel of the Lord, and, believing this to be His will, he returned for the remaining days. He was filled with enthusiasm and has since been preaching to every one he meets. He allows no work in his home on Sabbath. His fervent prayers and glowing face show that he has been with Jesus.

WORK AMONG VILLAGE WOMEN. The following extract from Miss Corbett’s report accounts, to a large extent, for the existing conditions we find among our village women:— “They are so ignorant at first that they do not know how to learn. They cannot understand how benefit can accrue from gaining a knowledge of anything out­ side their primitive house-keeping and home-making. The husbands and fathers do not see the necessity of their wives and daughters being instructed, and, therefore, do not aid or encourage them as they might. The pastors and teachers are hindered by the prevalent idea that women may not learn from men. In none of the old religions of the country are women generally taught concerning the tenets and beliefs of their sect nor are Mohammedan women allowed to enter the mosques. V ery few of Indians women, outside the Christian Church, could give any intelligent answer concerning the religion to which they adhere. The mass of Christian women are very ignorant and I think a remark made by one a few days ago expresses the condition of many hearts: ‘Yes, Jesus died for me, I am content/ ” But there are signs of progress and better times to come. V ery often we find a desire to learn the reasons for their faith, more real concern for the conversion of relatives and friends, a larger degree of intelligence, more women able to pray, and a greater j-oy in giving to the Lord*s work. Miss Corbett re­ ports the following:— “A bright little woman is quite inter­ ested and anxious to learn that she may confound, the non- Christian women when they twit her about changing her faith. When she learned something of the doctrine of the resurrection she gleefully said, ‘One thing I know to tell them now, our Jesus came out of the grave and is living to­ day. We do not worship a dead man/ ” Of work in Sialkot district. Miss Moore reports that only one half of the villages containing the Christians were visited by lady missionaries. She reports marked progress in the vil­ India— Unorganized Christian Work. 181

lages visited regularly during the summer months. Many of our Christian women find it hard to give up the old super­ stitions concerning charms that they have clung to so long. This, too, is being overcome slowly but surely. We quote from Miss Moore’s report:— “The previous year we had taken a charm off a child. The mother expostulated and followed us to the next village, pleading for its return. Still we stood firm and told her the charm could do her child no good, but the Lord could keep him well. When we came to her village this year we began to look for charms, but she said, ‘We have none, but are trusting God.’ This woman learned with evi­ dent interest and when the Women’s Missionary Society held its presbyterial meeting in Sialkot, she walked eight miles to attend.” Miss Hadley gives this instance from Zafarwal:— “In one village the women were examined and several found ready to be baptized. As night came on we told them we would come the njext day for the baptism. After we left the village the sick baby of one of the women died. The next day the mother did not come to the service, and we thought it was because she felt too sad. Upon going to see her, however, we found her willing and anxious to be baptized, but the other women, some of whom were already Christians, were afraid to have her sit in their midst, lest her shadow fall on them, and their children suffer as a result. We explained to them how very wrong and foolish it was for them to believe such things, but perhaps we could not realize the fear that still lurked in their hearts as the mother took her place among them and received baptism with the rest.” Miss McCullough and Miss Bennett report encouraging conditions among their women. Again we quote as follows:— “We find most of our women more willing to learn something- other than the first principles required for baptism. The short gist of the commandments they used to learn when there seemed no way of having more taught is being done away with. Frequently the women beg us to come oftener, that they may learn the ‘Long Commandments,’ as they call them. Some of our women seem to have been very much helped in their Christian lives. One, who recently lost the last of some eight or ten children, is bearing her sorrow most nobly. Her face shows an inward trust and joy though her heart is sore and lonely. “We found a very pitiable case in one of our villages where the only baptized women are a little bride of twelve years and her ignorant old grandmother. The day we visited this village the people were quarreling. Upon inquiry we learned that the man had that day come to take his child wife away to his village, and that the old grandmother refused to give her up. The little one’s condition was most pitiable. Her 182 ìndia— Unorganized Christian Work.

sore eyes had been neglected until she was nearly blind, and all the natural joys of childhood seemed to have been entirely crushed out. We reproved the woman severely for having lied about the child’s age to get her married, but the grand­ mother resented the idea that she was in the wrong. Poor things! One so young and helpless, the other so untaught and seemingly heartless.” The Christian women throughout Zafarwal district were visited at least once during the year, while those within reach of the station received regular instruction during the summer months. Misses Hadley and L. B. Hamilton report one wom­ an as having completed and passed in a Bible course and oth­ ers learning well. This was in a village where there had been very little interest manifested before. In another village, where people had been half hearted inquirers for a long time, new life seemed to have sprung forth. These people learned well and were baptized. There is also more interest on the part of the workers’ wives in Zafarwal district. At least two have monthly meetings with their women. Miss Hadley writes, “When we visited one of these villages recently; the women very proudly showed us their thankoffering jug and had us notice how heavy it had become.” She closes her re­ port by saying, “Praise for these Indian sisters who are will­ ing to use the talent God has given them.” Misses Hill and Brotherston report regular classes held in ten villages, and ten or more in other villages visited often during the summer months. We quote as follows:— “The attendance of these women at the annual mela in March was very good. Over 40 were present from one village. Work in one village, where, three years ago, we were greeted by a rude, noisy crowd has been especially encouraging. They have since been baptized and now we have such quiet, interested classes. There is a large number of young women and the way they sing is inspiring. “The greatest sign of progress among the village C h ristia n women of Sangla Hill district is found in their giving and learning to pray. The women gave a thankoffering of Rs. 90 and now look forward to this as their own offering. Dur­ ing February four villages were invited to come to our camp for a special thankoffering meeting. One hundred women came and gave Rs. 10. The month of July was spent in hold­ ing special thankoffering meetings. One woman gave an of­ fering of annas* four, or eight cents, because her son had died rejoicing in Jesus as his Saviour. Another gave a rupee be­ cause of the recovery of herself and little daughters from plague. Each little daughter also brought a silver bit in her hand.”

* An anna has the value of 2 cen ts. India— Unorganised Christian Work. 183

Again we quote from the Gurdaspur report:— “The year has been spent in going- about in tents and visiting the nearer villages from the house as heretofore. We have not been able to make any advance over former years in numbers taught, as the teaching force has been even smaller than be­ fore. We have been trying to do patiently the next thing and to teach the ones and twos where we could not get the larger audiences. As compared with former years the women are more easily taught because there are enough of them to meet occasionally, discuss affairs, and compare knowledge, hence a noticeable increase in intelligence. There is a greater desire to know the reason underlying their change of faith, and above all a larger knowledge of the saving power of Jesus Christ. Especially does the teaching concerning the Holy Spirit and the resurrection from the dead seem to appeal to them. Many an old woman or a younger one whose life has been darkened by grief, goes away with a brighter face after learning that ‘because He lives we shall live also.’ Many of our villages have been visited frequently, some once or twice, and a few not at all. The amount of work that might be done is only limited .by the lack of workers.” In connection with their district and city work in Gurdaspur, Misses Corbett «nd Dick­ son have long felt the very great need of a house near to their house for the residence of some women workers to help them. This is recognized as a real heed by all who know the condi­ tions there, as without it efficient helpers cannot be secured. Miss Beatty began work in Lyallpur in November. Miss Spencer writes most cheerful news of work there. She speaks of new life manifest among the women and of remarkable progress having been made in a village where there is a real teacher. She tells of the influence of a little girl who was sent to school some years ago. She is not at all forward in her studies and last year failed to pass in her class at the Girls’ Boarding School. When the girl started to school not a woman in the village could say two commandments correctly and in order. Since that they have taken on new life. The girl’s mother is their leader. This year she recited a number of verses and Bible stories and prayed most earnestly. Miss Spencer says, “A group of women in a village near Lyallpur learn readily when we go to them and several of their number pray intelligently. I am more and more impressed by the way the Word and Spirit are working in their lives, and by the beauty of the Christian lives lived under quite adverse circumstances. Nearly every time I go out I meet friends from the villages, Christian and Mohammedan, who say, ‘When are you coming to our village?’ ‘W hyjiave you been so long away?’ Going to one village which we had visited less frequently than we might have wished, one said, 'You come and plant the good seed all right, but you know if you do not India— Unorganised Christian Work.

come to water it, it will not grow.’ An ignorant woman of the canal country spoke these words and how true they are. The Lyallpur missionaries are much encouraged by the in­ creased attendance at the city church service on the part of the people from near villages.” The Misses C. E. and R. T. Wilson report the work in their district as encouraging. It is very largely a non-Christian district. During the past year the number of Christians has increased. The people have had little teaching in many places, but our missionaries have noted progress and a mark­ ed change in their willingness to learn. Miss R. T. Wilson writes of these people:— “For lack of workers they do not get the care they need. As yet there are only 7 villages contain­ ing Christians. A woman whose heart was once very hard has accepted Christ and is now most anxious to learn.” Thus we are assured the living seed will bring forth fruit wherever faithfully sown. Some women, who had had many quarrels among themselves and were reconciled before baptism, now show an excellent Christian spirit. Miss McCahon, cbncerning her work in Sialkot City, writes as follows:— “The work amongst the Christian community has not been encouraging. The little school has dwindled down until only three small girls come with any degree of regularity. As it is not costing,very much I thought it best to keep the school open hoping in this way to get a hold on the mothers. Nor can much better account be given regard­ ing the meetings held for women, in the different low-caste quarters. Only a very few can be persuaded to come and they are quite irregular. We began to teach the women in one of these meetings the incidents of our Saviour’s last night and day as given in the three closing chapters of Matthew’s Gos­ pel. Two of them learned fairly well.” Miss Kyle writes of Pasrur, “This past year, as we have visited the Christian women, we have been impressed by the good spirit they have shown. O'ften they had learned but little as they had no one to teach them, but they wished to learn. Another encouragement has been that we have seen fewer charms than formerly. Because of the vastness of the work Miss M. R. Martin worked on one side of the district and I on the other. During the summer also we seldom visit­ ed the villages together. The villages around Pasrur are so near each other that we could ride out together and take them two by two. The women always wanted to know on what day we were coming, so they could arrange their work and not keep us waiting. Miss M. R. Martin planned a ten days’ camp at Nanar in September. W e went out with four Indian helpers. Miss Martin took her organ, and, as the fame of it spread through the villages, the women came in crowds. We also had medicines with us and about 200 peo- Ìndia— Unorganised Christian Work.

pie came for them. Two of us visited the near villages and four received the women as they came to the tents. The Christian women from Nanar came daily for a lesson and we were much pleased with the progress they made. “Since the beginning of the camping season in November, Miss Elizabeth Lawrence and I have found much to encour­ age us. In one village, where they had no one to teach them, they received us coldly last year. The last six months they have had a teacher and are now zealous learners. During the -week our camp was there great crowds came to the tent, more eager to learn than to ask questions concerning our clothes, tents, and other things. One evening after ten o’clock when the service was being closed the people begged that it might be continued.” We quote the following from Misses Cowden and Jane Martin concerning their work in Khangah Dogran:— “The work among the Christians is ever increasing in interest. One distinguishing feature of the season’s work has been the efforts made by the old grandmothers in the Christian com­ munities. Our hearts were often saddened last year when we found the younger people of a village getting ready for baptism, or learning the course for the last year, and little or no attention being given to the old people. They have been taught to think they cannot learn because of their age, so great efforts were made last year to encourage them and get them started. These efforts have been amply rewarded. A number of the older women have made a good start and now that they have found they can learn, we feel sure it is the beginning of good things for the women in our district.” Miss Emma Dean Anderson of Sargodha writes as fol­ lows:—“How difficult to write a true report of this work. How can I put heart agony into it? How can I express tra­ vail of soul until Christ be formed in these weak children of His? How can I picture the hopes blasted or the hopes realized? How can I uncover the sorrows or recount the joys that have come to your representatives during the year? We have tried with a little handful of Indian workers to care for 4410 of the Master’s sheep in the unorganized centers of our field. The harvest has truly been great, yes, greater than ever before, and yet this very fact, that causes our hearts to sing for joy, increases our responsibility. Our meetings are held when and where we can get the people gathered during the day and we almost always have a night meeting either in the tent or in the villages. Often it is 9.30 p. m. when the people are free from work and ready for the meeting, which seldom closes before n p. m. The encouragements of the year have been many. I will mention the following:— More readiness on the part of the Christians to advance in knowl­ edge, to help themselves, and to deal with sin as it appears i8 6 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

in their midst and also a greater determination to give us no rest until they shall have more teachers. More children are in our schools and others are asking for schools. W e are filled with hope, for we have many evidences that Christ is pre­ paring in our villages a people to praise Him.”

CHRISTIAN MELAS. The Christian mela is. coming to be more and more a part of our district work. The coming together of the Christian community serves to encourage them by making them ac­ quainted with their strength numerically, and, as iron sharp- eneth iron, so do the countenances of these people become brighter by coming in contact with others of their faith. Their love of the spectacular also gives an added zest to the paying of dues, collections, and tithes on these occasions. The spiritual benefit derived from the meeting together for con­ ference, prayer and praise, and the instruction received from specially qualified speakers, the pleasure gained, especially by the children in their games and contests, and the prize-giv- ing that follows, is certainly worth all its costs. We have reports of these melas from five districts— Gurdaspur, Sar- godha, Zafarwal, Pathankot and Sangla Hill. In Gurdaspur it has been the custom for almost twenty years for the Christians of the district to meet together for a mela sometime during the summer. This year they came together on the 18th of June. V ery few women were present. The total attendance was about 400. One object of this mela is to afford the peopTfe an opportunity for a good social time. They bring their harvest collection, which this year amounted to Rs. 225. Prof. Labhu Mall, of our Theological Seminary, came and gave two very helpful addresses. Sargodha has held four melas during the past year, two early in the year and one in December in the two circles lying some 15 to 22 miles to the south-east of the city. In ac­ complishing the object for which these melas were held, viz., stirring the people up in the matter of self-support and liber­ ality, they were eminently successful. The collections from these two circles in 1909 was Rs. 114, and in 1910 Rs. 449- A second purpose this mela served, and a very vital one, was that the people began to realize themselves, their unity, and their corporate existence as a part of the Church of God. The fourth mela was a kind of laymen’s convention. The elders of our congregations and the leading men of the differ­ ent villages were called in for a three days’ conference on the spiritual life of the Church, the eradication of old heathen marriage and funeral customs and superstitions, which are still believed in and practiced by a considerable number oi Christians, and the building up of a new vigorous life in our India— Unorganized Christian Work.

Christian village community. Great interest was taken in the conferences and the spiritual results were good. The last meeting was taken in charge by two of our Indian min­ isters, and without the knowledge of the missionaries they began calling for volunteers who would pledge their tenth for the Lord. There was an excellent response from the audience of 300, and 100 enrolled themselves as tithers. In Zafarwal a Christian mela was held in the early sum­ mer, in a grove centrally located for our whole district. Al­ most half the villages containing Christians were represented among those attending. The people remained over night so we had them with us nearly two days. Tithing and marriage reform were the subjects of informal talks. The Psalm sing­ ing was an inspiration to every one. Rewards were given for good singing of the Psalms, village competing with village in friendly rivalry.. Another reward was given for liberality in the semi-annual offerings. These reached the encouraging sum of Rs. 90 even though many were kept away by harvest duties. The Rev. J. H. Stewart gives, as one of the direct results of the mela held in Pathankot last June, the fact that all the workers in the district except one became tithe-payers. Of the Sangla Hill mela, Mr. Caldwell reports an attend­ ance of over 1,000. Many came the previous evening and spent the early part of the night in singing Psalms accom­ panied by the drum of Abraham’s time and other strange in­ struments. The observance of the Sabbath was the principal subject considered. Prizes were given to those adults who were able to read Urdu or Gurmukhi, to those who could sing the greatest number of Psalms, to those who had been smok­ ers and had given it up, to those who were making their own living independent of the farmers and a red banner was pre­ sented to those of the village that had made the largest con­ tribution in the whole mission district. In the early part of the night a prayer meeting was held during which there was not only a good deal of Psalm singing, but also a number of voluntary prayers, offered by those unable to read or write and who a few months previous to this were not able to offer even sentence prayers. The next morning the Christians re­ turned to their homes feeling that they had been benefited, and quite a number expressed their intention of making such religious progress the coming year as would entitle them to recognition.

BIBLE SCHOOLS. Bible schools held some time during the summer months have come to be quite a feature of our work. They have been neld in various places for a number of years and have always i&8 India— Unorganised Christian Work.

proved very helpful. They are intended to be a source of spiritual help to workers, teachers and missionaries. The wives of the district workers are also urged to attend, and any others who may find it convenient or possible. Of these Bible schools we have the following reports:— “Sargodha Bible School was held the latter part of May, with a better attendance than any of the previous ones. The attendan.ee of the women was particularly good. The women were divided into two classes, one composed of those who were able to read and one of those who could not read. The men were all in one class. Paul’s Epistle to the Ephesians was studied. The general subject was ‘The Church.’ “The Reverends D. R. Gordon and Mallu Chand of our Mission, the Rev. R. McCheyne Patterson, of the Church of Scotland Mission, and the Rev. J. N. Hyde, of the American Presbyterian Mission, 'gave very helpful and heart-searching addresses. All seemed to have been reached and although Satan stirred up old sins and brought again to mind matters of enmity of long standing, and pride, selfishness, and self- seeking were made to play their part, yet in every instance Christ had the victory.” “ Sangla Hill had a very profitable Bible school this year. As usual the wives of workers attended. There were twelve enrolled. An effort was made to teach them how to teach, and their duty in teaching others was emphasized. Each day one of the women would teach the lesson as it had been taught them the previous day. At the close of the school one of the women said, ‘I have learned more than at any previous Bible school.’ ” Gurdaspur reports that last March, as usual, the Christian workers, and as far as possible their wives, and the Christian school teachers were gathered on the Mission compound for a course of instruction in the Bible. This year, along with the Bible, we had a lesson each day in Church History and one in the Shorter Catechism. While studying the lives of some of the Church Fathers the workers were greatly im­ pressed, and, as a consequence, one fully decided to take up his work on a basis of self-support. He has since been called as pastor to Khaira congregation and has accepted the call- The women were in two classes and were much interested. Some of them did very well in the memory work. Each dis­ trict has it own plan for Bible study and spiritual improve­ ment during these periods. W e have from Zarfarwal the report of a Bible school held throughout the month of July. The books of Ezra and Nehemiah furnished many themes that were found exactlv suited to present day needs. One present could not but feel that faith was growing in every heart with the study of each THE BIEK OF GOKAI, CHAND, M.A. SOME TIME PROFESSOR OK MATHEMATICS IN GORDON MISSION COLLEGE. India— Sialkot Convention. 189 new day’s lesson. The evening meetings were of a gen­ eral nature, and such topics were chosen as were suited to arouse the workers and encourage them to lead a deeper spiritual life. The lives of John G .P aton , D. L. Moody, and Samuel Morris were presented particularly and at some length. Each day a Psalm in prose was memorized and con­ siderable time given also to learning new renderings of the Psalms in metre. At the close an examinaticfti was held for all who had spent the month in study, and the last day, Sab­ bath, was kept with the celebration of the Lord’s Supper, followed by a meeting for praise, which continued until a late hour of the night.

THE SIALKOT CONVENTION.

BY ONE IN ATTENDANCE

The Sialkot Convention like Keswick, Northfield, Winona and similar conventions, is assuming from year to year a more prominent character and is becoming more extensive in its sphere and compass. Three years ago a large meeting-tent was secured at a cost of over Rs. 1,000, and, since that time, nearly twice as much has been spent in buying furniture, dishes, cooking vessels, etc. For the coming year, a new and larger tent has been ordered. A ll this indicates a larger future service. A more extensive preparation for the Convention of 1910 was made than formerly. For several months, specially pre­ pared leaflets, setting forth the aims of the Convention, the needs of the Church, and giving accounts of revivals in other mission fields, had been widely distributed, together with ap­ peals for prayer for God’s blessing on the Convention. Ac­ cordingly the prayer and praise spirit, which, from the be­ ginning, has been a special feature at Sialkot, was more mark­ ed this year than ever before. Not only do more people prav now, but they pray more earnestly and perseveringly, and the Zaburs (Psalms) which are sung with unity and power, have been used extensiveiy. and in prominent places by other church bodies than our own. The catholicity of the Convention and its unifying character are being more and more realized. Not only do Scotch Pres­ byterians, American Presbyterians, United Presbyterians, Methodists, and members of the Church of England inter­ mingle and co-operate in a hearty way, but all co-operate along the most radically spiritual and evangelistic lines. Three 0J' four years ago, many earnest workers in- the Punjab held somewhat aloof from the Convention, on account of what was thought to be an undue emphasis placed on the open confes­ India— Sialkot Convention. sion of private sins, but, as the years have gone by, it has ap­ peared that this had been only an incident, and that the pri­ mary aims and methods of the Convention have been broad and essentially sound. Repentance, faith, forgiveness, the baptism of the Spirit, vital godliness, life of prayer and study of the Word, and the function and mission of the Church have been and are the leading teachings of the Convention; and to the extent to v^hich-it is being realized that this is the work of the Convention, are missionaries and educated and illiter­ ate workers from all denominations and church bodies in North India rallying to Sialkot. A freer and more general intermingling of all classes in at­ tendance at the Convention was made possible this year, by means of a common dining place, where all, from the mis­ sionary to the most frugal and illiterate, could eat together, sitting at a table at will, or on mats spread on the ground, each being supplied with excellently prepared food at a mini­ mum cost. One could have just what he wished from “ dal roti” (pulse and Indian bread) at two annas a day, up to what may be found at any well-ordered European table. The ef­ fort to have this common meeting-place for meals, was high­ ly appreciated by the Indian Christians, and the efficient way in which it was managed, as well as the accommodating and cheerful spirit in which it was carried out, excited the admira­ tion of all and contributed to the profit and social enjoyment of the Convention. The extensive preparations for the accommodation and en­ tertainment of so large a crowd of people entails not a little labor on the part of some. This service is of course in large measure voluntary and without remuneration, but the oppor­ tunity thus afforded of leading out many of the Indian Chris­ tians and training them in free and voluntary service for the Church is one of the privileges of the Convention. The large general convention is to-day a feature of the or­ ganization and evangelistic work of the Church in India. There are several such being held annually in different parts of India. They, like other agencies, have their sphere and scope, and, like other agencies, according to the spirituality of their aims and inner workings, are being a means of bless' ing. India— Evangelistic Work. 191

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN MEN IN VILLI AGES. The greatness of the task of caring- for the Christians and teaching those who are pressing into the kingdom leaves but little time for direct work among Hindus and Mohammedans, although nearly every report tells of their growing interest. We long for ¿uch a force of workers as will enable us to un­ dertake an aggressiye evangelistic campaign. It has been a cause of great thanksgiving that the Rev. W. T. Anderson, on his return from furlough, was sent to the large needy field of Rawalpindi district. For eight years the 900,000 of this field have been much neglected. Mr. An­ derson reports, “Our first camp was 18 miles north of Rawal­ pindi City. We were in the midst of maneuvers and at the place of the mark of Guru Nanak’s five fingers, and the grave of Lalla Rookh for our second camp, but the most interesting thing was the people themselves. We could not have had better hearings. Even the maneuvers added to our oppor­ tunities, and we sold a number of Scripture portions to the soldiers. We sold them at their full cost and disposed of more than 100 and a number of tracts, besides distributing leaflets. We visited but one village where the people proved unfriendly. There it was feast day and fanaticism was at its height. We were clodded rather freely. We found men in­ terested enough to ask the privilege of a conference at night. One man said he was inquiring seriously, and asked, W ho is to teach my wife?’ Let the Church answer him. We were asked by some Sikh soldiers to come to the Jhelum barracks and give them a lecture on Christ and His work. The field is needy beyond description, and our only opportunity for reaching them is in this generation.” The Rev. J. G. Campbell began work in the Jhelum district in November. W ith the exception of a tour by the workers in a new part of the district no additional territory in the Jhelum district has been reached. Sickness prevented the mission­ ary from ¡accompanying them. The Rev. E. E. Campbell writes. “ Probably more than nineteen-twentieths of the peo­ ple have not had an opportunity of hearing the Gospel, even ?nce, during the twelve months. There has been an increas­ ing friendliness and readiness to listen. The hearings often develop into arguments, but with less anger and bigotry than Jormerly. Six adults and seven children were baptized.” 192 India— Evangelistic Work.

Four months were spent in itinerating1 in the Pathankot district. There were 250 villages visited. The Rev. J. H. Stewart writes, “We have a force of workers consisting of three high-class evangelists, two village catechists, one Chris­ tian school teacher, and one non-Christian school teacher. Two hundred and three persons were baptized of whom 200 were from the sweeper class. These show zeal and en­ thusiasm and we believe that if they had strong under-shep­ herds they would show special ability to learn and willing­ ness to give. “A Brahman boy, about seventeen years of age, requested baptism. He was taken to court by his relatives, but there witnessed for Christ. B y false promises, he was persuaded to go to his father, and, for two months, was bound with chains and tortured. When he escaped and returned to the missionaries he was baptized. His witness is leading not a few to think seriously of taking a stand for Christ. May the Spirit work mightily in the hearts of these people.” During the summer four evangelists preached 395 times to a total of 14,540 people. They listen well and say, “It is true,” but family and religious ties and the power of sin pre­ vent them from coming out. Most of the district has been reached but once, and the portion in the foot hills not at all. Many of the Christians have no teacher. There are large numbers of Doms and Chamars in the district, who, we have good reason to 'believe, would come out if they were well taug-ht. The Rev. H. S. Nesbitt writes from Zafarwal, “The non- Christians in general are quite receptive and approachable. At almost regular intervals, however, we meet those who, from either the self-sufficiency of religious pride or bigotry or fondness for sin. treat our message with scorn or indiffer­ ence and, in a few instances, with insolence. As yet there is little indication of a general movement toward Christianity among the higher classes.” A large part of Sialkot district lies in Jammu State and is under a Hindu ruler. For ten years the missionaries have visited, regularly, about 40 villages in Jammu State. The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes, “We have made friends who welcome us and listen with interest and attention, but no gen­ eral disposition to accept the truth is manifest. The people are so deeply intrenched in their old beliefs that one almost despairs of seeing a change. There is cause for encourage­ ment, however, five or six persons, in as many villages, hav­ ing privately confessed their belief in Christ. Others listen with much interest and concern. We find some opposition, and in one village we were refused a hearing. Bashi Ram, the headman of another village, who welcomed us several years ago ai*i gave us land upon which to erect a good house for the work­ India— Evangelistic Work. 193 ers, has been rebuked by the authorities for thus giving the Christians a permanent abode in the district. He argued that the land was his own and that he had a right to give it. He has encouraged and helped our work in many ways. Satr- ud-Din, the worker there, commands the respect of all. He believes the time1 is not far distant when a considerable com­ munity of earnest Christians will be established.” In Gurdaspur district the care of the 4,000 Christians has almost entirely crowded out work among the 276,000 non- Christians, but the Rev. D. R. Gordon writes, “There is some inquiry and an occasional baptism from among the higher classes. There are signs of weakening among the Mohamme­ dans. One notable instance is that of a Mohammedan lambar- dar * who witnesses for and preaches Christ and boldly ex­ poses the false prophet and his religion, but has not yet come to the point of being baptized. One Mohammedan, a police constable, was baptized, but, in the storm of persecution which followed, recanted.” Mr. Gordon writes hopefully of the prospects of the beginning of a mass movement, “among the Hindus and Mohammedans, just as it began and is pro­ gressing so wonderfully among the sweepers.” Two hundred adults were baptized during the year and about the same number of infants. The Rev. H. C. Chambers reports from Khangah Dogran district that owing to the pressure of work among the Chris­ tians, less preaching to non-Christian men, as such, was done than heretofore. He also says, “The best means of reaching and influencing non-Christians, in the villages, is by raising the standard of Christian character among the Christians. Non-Christians usually gather at our outdoor services with the Christians. We have an opportunity of preaching the Gospel with fulness and simplicity, though not addressing them directly. An instance comes to mind of the clearness with which a simple message, concerning those out of Christ, took hold of a Mohammedan sitting on the outskirts of a little village audience of Christians. At the close of the talk he involuntarily turned to his neighbor and said, 'Well, that message sends us all to hell.’ It is very difficult to get them to understand, much more to admit, that the Gospel teaches only one way of salvation.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell of Sangla Hill writes, “During the summer months the missionary is largely dependent on the workers to carry out his scheme of instruction and work for the progress of the kingdom, but in the winter he itiner­ ates with tents and endeavors to become personally acquaint­ ed with those of other religions, as well as with Christians.

* The headman of a village, who collects taxes, etc. 194 India— Evangelistic Work.

While in some places the non-Christians have shown indif­ ference to the preaching of the Gospel, in others they have listened with so much attention as to be able to discuss the subject presented. In one place the usual night meeting was held in the missionary’s tent. The great number of boys, gathered along with non-Christians and Christians, gave some anxiety the first night, but their conduct was unexpectedly exemplary and they were given permission to attend every night. In the day time they were overheard discussing the subject presented. ‘What prophet was saved at the time of the flood?’ Answer, ‘Noah/ But the number of souls saved had to be decided by a self-appointed referee, who stated, ‘The old man who did the preaching said eight souls were saved/ Thus we find that even the non-Christian boys are becoming interested in God’s Word. “Much of the intense bitter opposition to the Gospel, for­ merly shown by Hindus and Mohammedans, seems to have passed away and is now only found among the Janglis of the Bar (aborigines of the canal country). A spirit of tolera­ tion on the part of many, a desire to attend the services held for the Christians, words of appreciation by the higher castes of the subjects presented from God’s Word, and the fact that points of agreement and disagreement on religious ques­ tions are now frequently discussed by non-Christians, them ­ selves, are some of the things that give us encouragement.” However, opposition is met. At one village a farmer and two mendicant priests called on Mr. Caldwell, and entered the tent unannounced. They refused to sit on the floor w hile he sat on a chair. They commenced a tirade against all w hite people, missionaries especially, who sinned grievously in eat­ ing flesh. Seeing a vinegar bottle they asked if it was liquor. The two priests sang their own praises and gave the mis­ sionary no opportunity to speak. When returning to the vil­ lage they were heard to say, “We did not succeed in saying anything that made the missionary angry, did we?” The missionary was thinking, “The men came on purpose to have a fight and gave me no chance to tell them the way of salva­ tion.” A total of 772 were baptized during the year, 396 adults and 376 children. From Lyallpur district 269 baptisms are reported. The Rev. J. H. Martin, D.D., says, “Our work is not emphatically evangelistic, for the reason that it is emphatically pastoral. Our time is taken up with the care of a large Christian com­ munity. There is a tendency on the part of the Indian work­ ers to get people baptized and leave them without instruction. We have endeavored to break that up by making the instruc­ tion of the Christian communities our great work, believing it is the only natural evangelistic agency. There is a great need for men who will honestly take up, and be leaders of India— Evangelistic Work. 195 the people in an evangelistic campaign. We are endeavoring to get the Christian communities of the district to take up this great work. A sense of responsibility for this work would be a great blessing. The spirit of consecration which would lead the people to give sons and daughters is the pres­ ent need.” Three evangelists give their entire time to work among the non-Christians in Sargodha district. The Rev. J. A. Mc- Connelee reports, “In almost every service we hold for Chris­ tians, some non-Christians are present, but a more import­ ant factor is the evangelistic influence of our Christian com­ munity. The outstanding feature of the present situation, as far as the Hindus and Mohammedans are concerned, is that opposition from them is largely disappearing. T am inclined towards your faith,’ said a village government official the other day. This is not an uncommon remark. Another fre­ quent remark is, ‘So-and so, of our family, is a Christian.’ The leaven is at work. The conviction is forced upon us that a mass movement from the higher classes but awaits the out­ pouring of the Spirit. The movement among the low-castes continues. Eight hundred and seventy-four, or thirty more than last year, were baptized.” The Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph.D., writes of Pasrur district, “The evangelistic work is carried on by the missionaries vis­ iting the villages and homes of the Hindus and Mohamme­ dans, as they find opportunity, and, increasingly, by the In­ dian Christians themselves. The Indian pastors and their helpers have been active. O f the more than 1,200 persons baptized, the missionaries have baptized, probably, not more than 100. Some of the Indian evangelists have marked, too, the readiness of the Hindus and Mohammedans to hear them. One of the lower grades, even, is heard with as much readi­ ness as the missionary formerly was. If anything special marks the Hindus and Mohammedans this year, it seems to be a weariness with the whole matter of religion, a stolid in­ difference to all religions, their own and others. The low castes are ashamed not to be counted Christians and are yet rather reluctant to make the sacrifice. Hundreds of them, however, are ready and only wait teachers to instruct them. An Indian periodical last year called attention to the fact that about 50,000,000 low-castes of various grades were prac­ tically knocking at the Church’s door and remarked that 50,000,000 Christians, even from the lowly ones, would be more of a factor in Indian life, religious, social and political, ihan the 63,000,000 Mohammedans have been.” 196 India— Evangelistic Work.

OTHER EVANGELISTIC AGENCIES. The reading room in most of the stations furnishes a quiet place for those who desire to read religious books without any disturbance. W. E. Nicoll writes from Rawalpindi, “The evangelistic work among men in Rawalpindi is carried on principally in four w ays; bazaar preaching, sale of Bibles and religious lit­ erature, Sabbath school work among boys, and personal in­ terviews and individual instruction. The reading room is op­ en each day of the week for several hours, with an average daily attendance of thirty. As opportunity offers the librar­ ian presents the Message to those in attendance. Book dis­ tribution is in the hands of a very efficient colporteur who gives his time principally to circulating religious literature and doing personal work. The sales for the year were 1,700, of which nearly one half were Bibles or portions thereof. The bazaar preaching services have been held regularly three nights of each week throughout the year, with an average attendance of 150. The people have shown more willingness tu hear than formerly. All-the evangelists of the city participate in these services, and we have had voluntary assistance from other Christian men. Quiet talks are not infrequent with those who have heard the Word in public. Testaments and portions of Scripture are offered for sale at the close of each preaching service, and a goodly number have been sold. Re­ cently a Hindu, after buying a Gospel for himself, gave Rs. 1-2-0, or about 35 cents, asking the man in charge to distri­ bute its value in Gospels to those present, which was done. Not an unimportant means of disseminating the truth is the house to house visitation carried on by the evangelists. There are always a number of catechumens under instruction, and opportunities are occurring frequently for personal talks on religion.” The Rev. J. H. Martin reports, “In connection with the reading room in Lyallpur a colporteur has been supported for most of the year, who has kept Christian literature for sale to people in the city and has supplied it at fairs and has also done the work of an evangelist. Special efforts are made to preach the Gospel at the larger fairs. The sale of literature in the villages is not encouraging, the people being so bent on money-making that they do not care for literature of any kind. Much more might be accomplished if a good colpor­ teur could be found.” Of the book distribution in Sangla Hill district, the Rev. A. B. Caldwell reports, “Handbills and tracts have been freely distributed and a few books sold by our Christian teachers. While encamped in a certain village the missionary heard some boys talking about two of the farmers going to a distant well almost daily and reading a small book and discussing its India— Evangelistic Work. 19 7

con ten ts. The book proved to be the Gospel according- to Luke/' Of the sales of literature in Pasrur, The Rev. W . J. Bran­ don, Ph.D., writes, “We have never been able to sell any literature either in Pasrur or at the fairs.” Mr. Brandon writes of the non-Christian boys in the schools who come every year of their own accord for the All-India S. S. Ex­ amination. The Rev. D. R. Gordon writes concerning the reading room in Gurdaspur, “Th$ room, 30 feet long and 10 feet wide, is built adjoining the fchurch and facing the main street of the city. It was built twelve years ago, and contains a free cir­ culating library of about 150 books. It furnishes a place for people to gather for religious conversation. E. M. Murray, of Chicago, Illinois, has for a number of years supplied a spe­ cial fund for newspapers and magazines. These help to at­ tract people to the reading room. A young man, Ishar Das, is in charge. He sells Bible portions, books, tracts and sta­ tionery. There has been steady progress in sales. During the financial year from 1908 to 1909, the sales amounted to Rs. 200; 1909 to 1910, Rs. 390; and in the first six months of 1910 and 1911, they have amounted to Rs. 220. A visitors’ regis­ ter has been kept near the door. During the year the visitors numbered several thousand.” The Rev. H. C. Chambers, of Khangah Dogran, writes of the teaching done at the three annual melas in his district, “Our tents and bands of preachers have become so familiar to the people attending these fairs from year to year that they have come to be recognized as part and parcel of them. We preached to good crowds and in many cases to interested listeners. This was especially so at the Hafizabad Govern­ ment Horse and Cattle Fair. We had two bands of four or five preachers each. Good audiences of from 150 to 200 were secured and held for two and three hours. A number of Gospels were sold and personal talks were had with indivi­ duals and small groups after the public preaching was over.” The reading room in Pathankot, in which daily and reli­ gious papers are kept, has been open during the year. Bibles and religious books were sold. The Rev. J. H. Stewart re­ ports, “The evangelists, when in the city, preach every even­ ing in the bazaar and also do individual work by visiting and going from house to house. The evangelists also carry tracts and Scripture portions with them. The tracts are distributed free. About 500 portions of the Scriptures were sold during the year. During the past six months we have been using the stereopticon with much success. We find that the Gospel can be presented much more plainly by the help of the Bible pictures. Interrupters are at once silenced by those who de­ sire to see and hear; then, too, the Bible pictures must of 198 India— Evangelistic Work.

necessity carry home much truth. In June we attended a non-Christian mela and by the use of the stereopticon were able to keep the undivided attention of thousands of people for four hours; whereas, without the pictures, comparatively few could have heard on that occasion. The way was open­ ed for personal work and our band was kept there until five o’clock in the morning talking with those who had become interested.” Because of a change in the staff of workers in Jheium dis­ trict there have not been so many Gospels and other books sold as heretofore. The Rev. E. E. Campbell writes, “A large number of tracts have been distributed in the bazaar and at Hindu and Mohammedan fairs, at the railway station to passengers on the trains, and in the villages. In nearly every village some are found who can read. In the Govern­ ment village schools the boys are ready to take them. Very few of the teachers object to the tracts being given. Many are read carelessly, if at all, but others are just as surely giv­ en a careful and thoughtful reading.” The sale of books in Sialkot amounted to Rs. 352. These are nearly all Bibles, Testaments, Scripture portions, and re­ ligious books.

WORE AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN ZENANAS. Perhaps no development of the work among women is more interesting, or draws the workers and women closer to­ gether, than work in zenanas. These bright attractive wom­ en win our hearts and we long to see them come out and con­ fess Jesus. Results are few and the following words from the Lyallpur report might be written of the work in every sta­ tion: “All willing to hear, many ready to argue, few ready to accept.” In this work the Bible women are valuable help­ ers. Mrs. Murray has continued her work in Gujranwala. Her sister has been associated with her part of the year and they have made 1,839 visits. The kinds of people visited by a ze­ nana worker are well shown by the classes of homes visit­ ed by Mrs. Murray: magistrates, clerks, lawyers, police in­ spectors, constables, doctors, business men, teachers, gard­ eners, contractors, carpenters, shoemakers, washermen, and day laborers. Some men object, but the majority are w illin g to have their wives taught, and the women are eager to learn. They are especially eager to learn English, fancy-work, and house-keeping. There has been no opposition during the past year. Many have lost caste feeling and some have lost in te r­ est in their own religion. Many of the Indians have been edu­ cated in England, and in her report Mrs. Murray says, “To work among such people wisdom, tact, patience, and a C h rist- India— Evangelistic Work. 199 like love for souls are needed, and also constant study and th o r o u g h knowledge of the Scriptures, as we have had the families of some of the leaders of the A rya Samaj and Mo­ hammedan religions. The work is encouraging and pleas- ant*” The change taking place in India is seen in the zenanas also. Miss McCahon, in her report from Sialkot City, refers to it as follows :— “There is less interest in learning to read than formerly. Possibly the greater number of schools for girls may account for it, at least in part. There is a great desire for fancy-work such as knitting and crocheting. Sev­ eral have begged me to teach them to make foreign clothes such as we wear. It is not uncommon to see non-Christian children, even girls, dressed in European clothes. These are indications of the changes that are slowly taking place in the country. Twenty or thirty years ago this would have been regarded as a leaning toward Christianity, and would likely have provoked opposition from their co-religionists.” With the spreading of education comes the spreading of undesirable books. Miss McCahon tells of two Mohammedan women, who, seeing her teaching some children, invited her to call to teach the younger one to read. When she went she found that the older one had learned to read in another city and had in her possession a New Testament. She asked for books, but refused good stôry books such as “Pilgrim’s Progress,” and asked for novels, using the English word. Miss McCahon voices the thought of nearly every zenana worker in regard to some houses visited, as she writes, “They are eager to learn fancy-work, but I would like to teach them to clean their houses and clothing, for they are so filthy and untidy I dread my visits there. The Hindus are more cleanly in both their persons and surroundings.” Mary Anna continues her work in Sialkot City. Forty-five Mohammedan and ten Hindu women read regularly. Thirty- seven women who cannot read are visited regularly. Besides these 473 have heard the W ord from her. Miss Mary Kyle writes from Pasrur, “The zenana work has been carried on in Pasrur, as in former years, by the Bible woman, Mrs. Jones.” Some former pupils have moved away and at present only four are learning to read. Seventy homes have been visited and the women taught the Gospel. Some are learning to knit, crochet, and do other kinds of fancy-work. “Some months ago one of Mrs. Jones’ pupils left her home at night and came to her saying she wished to become a Christian. She is from a rich and respectable Mo­ hammedan family, but, being under âgé, was advised to go home and declare her intention to her people. She has suf­ fered much as her husband and all her relatives are bitterly opposed to her becoming a Christian. However, she remain­ 200 India— Evangelistic Work.

ed firm and her people have sent her away from Pasrur.” A Hindu woman of about forty, who has been a widow since she was fifteen, in fact never saw her husband, called for Mrs. Jones when she was ill. She and many others hear gladly but lack courage to confess. Miss Hadley sends the following report from Zafarwal:— "The Bible woman has been faithful in her work. Almost every house is open to her. The wife of the leading official has had regular reading lessons, either from the Scripture or accompanied by a Bible lesson. One woman who comes oc­ casionally to visit her daughter has recently been baptized in another city. The other women say it is the result of the Bible woman’s teaching.” In closing her report Miss Had­ ley tells of a family being beaten for gathering1 to hear the word from the missionaries, but she adds, “This is the ex­ ception.” Bibi Nur-ul Nissa continues her work in Lyallpur. For one month she was loaned to a more needy station and even this short time revealed the real love her pupils have for her. She only took one week’s vacation and two of the days were spent in giving the Message to her friends. Her intense zeal and longing for her pupils have been clearly manifest through­ out the year. One man objected to his wife listening to the Gospel from the lips of a renegade, as they regard Bibi Nur- ul-Nissa. They explain her conversion by saying her fate was written that she should forsake her own religion and be­ come an infidel. In a sheikh’s house where the Psalms are listened to, but the .reading of the Gospel is always followed by fierce argument, one of the women wished to become a Christian. She testified before them all to the purity of the Christian religion and said she believed Christ came to save sinners. She was therefore sent away, first to a village, then to a city some distance away. The mother in this house tried to reclaim the Bible woman to the Mohammedan faith. They say to her, “Mother, you wish our sister to become a Chris­ tian. We wish you to return to Mohammedanism.” Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa reports 53 houses visited; 23 reported last year. The Gospel is read in each of these houses. The Psalms are especially pleasing to the women. The objections are the usual ones. The doctrine of the Trinity and the atonement are repellent. They deny that Christ died and rose again. Some grant the virgin-birth but others break the heart with their blasphemous words. Some say that we have three gods and all deny that Jesus is the Son of God. Others say we have changed the Gospel, but Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa says, “I tell them I have seen no other and I teach the one I believe.” In sending her report Miss Spencer writes, “Those visited are mostly Mohammedans; a mullah’s wife, a maulvie’s wife, a sayyid’s wife, and the wives of clerks and Government offi­ India— Evangelistic Work.. 201

cials, who are subject to frequent transfer; all most respect­ ed people both as to family and position. The visiting of one house was discontinued because the women became of doubt­ ful reputation. One of the daughters some time ago greatly desired to become a Christian, saying she was willing to leave her husband and go anywhere she might be sent. This year a Mohammedan woman came saying she wanted to become a Christian. We have not urged any to leave their husbands and homes trusting the Spirit Himself to make His will plain to any whom He desires to take this difficult step. The Bible woman cannot forget this young woman who said she wished to follow Jesus, but now seems lost to Him. Some very enlightened Hindu women, who have been learning to read Urdu, have received instruction without opposition. The father of one of these, sitting inside the men’s apartment, heard the words of a song, ‘Beloved Jesus,’ and wrote down the words in his own language, Bengali, that he might take it with him to Calcutta.” Miss Dickson writes the following:— ‘Tn Gur,daspur Mrs. Dennison has faithfully continued her work during the year. She goes quietly in and out of the houses of the city teaching the Word and endeavoring to bring souls to Christ. Moham­ medan and Hindu women read the Bible, but as yet none have openly confessed Christ although some are convinced of the truth of the Gospel.” Miss Rosa Wilson reports from Pathankot, “Mrs. Sultan Bahksh is the Bible woman and visits eighty Hindu and ninety-five Mohammedan houses. One of the Mohammedan women calls herself a Christian and says ‘My faith is in Christ.’ New houses are continually being visited. The Hindu women are willing to listen, but occasionally one hard­ ens her heart to the Message. Several Mohammedan women read nicely, and most of them listen well. Four women learn­ ed to read during the year. They also learned the catechism. Most of our time was taken up in trying to teach the large sweeper community and win them to Christ, for their influ­ ence is great in the city. There are a few baptized persons there but the majority are unwilling to give up their evil prac­ tices. We also have two women working in villages.” “Zenana work is evangelistic work carried on in the homes of the people,” writes Miss Josephine White, of Rawalpindi. The people know that our hope is that they may learn to love Jesus as the Saviour of their souls. It is not in their eyes a Popular work, yet they do welcome me with the Bible woman into their homes, and are willing to listen and to read the Bible, since without it we do not continue our visits. Some­ times they learn to love the Bible and read it for its own sake and then the visits become a great joy both to pupil and teacher.” Miss W hite finds pupils among all classes in the 202 India— Evangelistic Work. city, from the rich old families to the poor laborers. In most of the houses visited one or more women or girls read the New Testament in Urdu or English. “There is not much opposi­ tion, only occasionally some objections are made. The num­ ber who hear is always greater than the number resident in the houses visited as there are always visitors.” In concluding her report, Miss White emphasizes the need of more Bible wom­ en. She says, “We might visit many more houses had we the workers. We need at least five zenana workers in the city. The homes are the strongholds of the faiths. We find the longer we visit a home the more friendly they become. Some become real friends and we believe that only the lack of cour­ age prevents them coming out for Christ.” There has been no Bible woman in Jhelum the past year, and much of the time but one lady missionary. Miss Morri­ son writes, “Some bitterly reproach us for not coming to see them when by chance we meet. We visit mostly the com­ mon Mohammedan women. Some of them read and many of them show a real interest in the Bible lesson. Some of them say they believe, but are not w illing to openly confess. Sometimes there is an insolent rejection of us and the Mes­ sage, and in very truth we taste what it means to be despised and rejected with our Master, but it is enough for the disciple that he be as his Master and the servant as his Lord. The Mohammedan woman, who was baptized early in the year, with her family, has learned to read, and is making good progress in spiritual things. She has been patient in perse­ cution and faithful in her church duties. The seed is being sown among the shut-in Mohammedan women in their homes. It must be watered with prayer. Are you doing your part?” Mrs. Thomas has been in Sangla Hill throughout the year. She reports 36 houses on her list. Some women are learning to read. One woman reads the Gospel regularly. Miss Brotherston gave her lessons in English during the summer. As this is the first year a Bible woman has worked in Sangla Hill, Mrs. Thomas reports that at first the women were a fra id of her, but now listen well. She tells of their special in te re s t in hearing of the agony of Christ and their questions that follow: “We have all sinned, but why should He bear such pain for us?” After she had explained His love the tears came into their eyes. Psalms 18, 51 and 32 were favorites, and have been committed by many. Many women have said, “The books of the Christians are true.” One day each week during the summer was spent in the city by Misses Hill and Brotherston. Of their work Miss Hill writes, “The most encouraging feature of our work was the number of Gospels, Psalms and Gospel Songs which were sold. Nearly every day spent in the city we left one behind. We know His Word shall not return unto Him void. The number of India— Evangelistic Work. 203 women who have appealed to us for aid in times of sickness makes us long for the help of a dispensary for women and children.”

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN VILLAGES.

Outside the city of Rawalpindi there are no workers among the women of that district. A missionary and family were sent there in October but there were no ladies to accompany them. Miss Corbett, of Gurdaspur, voices the thought of all lab­ orers among village women when she writes, “A large work might be carried on among non-Christian women had we a sufficient force of workers. There .seems to be a general feeling of friendliness and opportunities are numberless. We have been able to do nothing among non-Christian women except what is incidentally done in connection with the work among Christian women. A few visits were made with friends in non-Christian families and the Message was given, as opportunity was found, when ministering to their physical needs.” In Pathankot district all classes have been visited and the Message given various kinds of receptions. Miss C. E. Wil­ son writes, “Some have gladly heard the word and promised to live by it, others have received it indifferently or scorn­ fully refused it. In many places gifts of all kinds, as tokens of friendship, have been given us. One hundred and two vil­ lages have been visited, 35 for the first time. That the visits of the missionaries arouse interest is shown by the questions asked by the women. In one village a women asked, ‘Who is God and how should we worship Him ?’ In this district the majority of the people are Hindus.” Miss Wilson writes of a widow, suffering from rheumatism, who claimed that one of the gods had bitten her. The little daughter pointed to a stone tablet on which a snake was carved and said, “This is the one.” She refused medicine, and, as we afterwards learned, took a goat 60 miles to offer it to the fire god. A poor Hindu, whose house was burnt down with 25 others, was disconso­ late and said, “Why did I not burn too ? I have tried to serve all the idols, Brahmans, and Parmeshar (God), but in vain. A good reception from the Mohammedans is reported except in two villages. “In a Mohammedan priest’s house his wid­ ow asked us to read some words of comfort to her and the friends gathered to mourn. Another woman objected when told to pray in the name of Jesus.” Of the work among the Sikhs, Miss Wilson writes, “The highest officer of Ghorota City gave us several opportunities of meeting with the women of his large household. One of the women said she had heard that it was wrong to worship idols. When we spoke of 204 India— Evangelistic Work.

Jesus she said that, as a child, she had seen a picture of Him on the cross. Their religion gives no comfort in sorrow, as we found in many houses. Work among the low-caste peo­ ple is very encouraging in this field. Among the Doms some enquired how to obtain forgiveness, and, ‘Will God not send any more prophets?’ One man seems ready to become a Christian, but waits for his wife. These Doms and Chamars are snake worshippers. The Chamars, or shoemakers, are numerous and more independent and wealthy than the Doms. They are gross idolaters, but have listened well.” Misses Cowden and Jane Martin report from Khangan Dogran the need for Indian teachers and workers from home, to hasten the work of feeding these who will take the Word of God, that they may become strong in faith. “Everywhere we go we have such good hearings from the non-Christians. From time to time we note the dying away of prejudice. This is shown in the eagerness of the women to hear. As yet few are in a position to confess Christ. Even refusing to listen emphasizes the need of more workers to go to them until they, too, are ready to receive the Message. In the un­ touched fields, the people are dying by hundreds and thou­ sands and can truly say, ‘No man careth for my soul.’ The Mohammedan mentioned in last year’s report is still an in­ valid, living in her father’s house, but she maintains her faith in Christ. She says Christ can heal her body as well as her soul. This is her opportunity to make public confession of faith in Christ. She has already done so before her village neighbors.” Misses McCullough and Bennett report from Gujranwala, “The non-Christian women come as we go to the Christians. They listen and often learn what we teach. Sometimes they scold the more indifferent among the Christians. One day in camp we met a Hindu girl who had been insisting for days that we visit her home. It was in the center of a large vil­ lage, and was reached through a number of dirty narrow al­ leys. A large, attentive crowd greeted us. News of our coming spread and groups of women fairly blocked the way and pleaded with us to come and teach them also. They said they wanted to learn about the Christian religion. In another village, rarely visited, large crowds of interested listeners were found among the Mohammedans. An old woman called for the Koran, when she heard Jesus called the Son of God, that the poor misled people might be set right. After some argument she seemed to be impressed. A younger woman said, ‘Yesterday we begged so hard to go to the tent and you would not permit us, now why do you listen yourself?’ Her reply was, ‘I never dreamed they told such good news. Go with them whenever you like. Go with them now.’ India— Evangelistic Work. 205

Opportunity for work among- the non-Christian women is found in many ways. Misses Hadley and L. B. Hamilton, of Zafarwal, write of meeting them in the homes of the Chris­ tians, their own homes, and the tent:— “One Hindu woman, who came with her two daughters-in-law, returned soon with the third and two women met on the road. She said, ‘If I had known that I could hear all these things I would not have stayed in my house all the days the tents have been here.’ The children, as they come about the tent, provide a good opportunity for teaching.” Miss Hamilton tells the following incident:— “The first evening in camp at that place some boys came to see the tents pitched, and for quarreling and using bad language were sent away. They came again, perhaps some of the same ones, and we taught them Psalms. Those who could read sang after we finished, getting the words and emphasis, if not the tune. We asked one school boy, with fancy vest and turban, if he wished to buy for eight cents the book with these good songs in it. He said, T have four cents, will you sell it for that much?’ In a few minutes he brought the money and was proud to have the Psalm-book.” Miss Cleland left the work in Sialkot in April and Miss Logan took it up in November. One hundred and fifty vil­ lages, or about one fifth of those in the district, were visited. Miss Moore reports, “Three weeks w'ere spent in that part of the district where there are no Christians. We found a few enquirers and others interested because some of their rela­ tives had become Christians. In Jammu we were not given as cordial a reception as we were accustomed to in British territory. In some villages so many men gathered we could not talk to the women, but in most places we were able to speak to a curious crowd. During the wheat harvest the Christians, both men and women, were so busy in the field that we spent those days in visiting the non-Christians. We were much impressed by the manifest hunger of these whose minds and souls have been starved so long. Many questions by the women show that, notwithstanding the opposition of husbands and brothers, the Lord is working in many hearts.” Miss Moore tells of a young woman who, as a child, came to a missionary camp and learned until forbidden by her people. She had become convinced that Christianity was true, and one day last April she took the decisive step. Leav­ ing her jewelry and fine clothing and friends she walked barefooted to the mission house. There she was advised to return, but she answered, “I did not come to go back.” After instruction she was baptized and received into full member­ ship. Wherever she has been, she has been obedient to authority, eager to learn, industrious, and ever so thankful that she has been rescued from the pit. Her friends have not 206 India— Evangelistic Work.

given her up willingly, and, after eight months, tried to steal her on her way to church. Having failed in this they tried to summon her into court as a witness on a case she knew nothing about. It was felt it was simply a ruse planned in order that she might fall into their hands on the way. Miss Moore, in closing her report, writes, “What is the prospect for the speedy evangelization of Sialkot district? To-day every village, and practically every individual, might be reached by a Gospel messenger, but the Lord is still asking, ‘Whom shall I send and who will go for us?’ ” A Bible woman, a convert from Mohammedanism, has been in camp with Miss Anderson of Sargodha. Her special work has been with the women who came to the tent. As oppor­ tunity has come the Gospel has been carried into the homes of the villagers. In comparison with former years more women have come to us and there has been a deeper spirit of enquiry after the truth. Five months were spent in camp, but only one fifteenth of the district was visited. From con­ versations it has been apparent that those who heard were deeply interested. One woman said, “ For a truth the Spirit of God is in you.” One brought her book to prove that what she believed was right, and the Bible woman proved to her from her own book that she was wrong. She accepted a Gospel according to Matthew with the promise that she would search for the truth for herself. Many near villages were visited. After driving 14 miles the night was spent in a village where the people were eager to learn. Afterward 69 persons were baptized. On the returning drive a com­ pany of people were met who had never heard of Christ. There are many villages where a first visit could be made. Miss Mary A. Lawrence was located in Jhelum district in October. Miss Morrison reports, “ In the last year’s tour we only touched a small corner of the territory assigned us. There are great stretches of country that are still pioneer work, where there is no man’s foundation to build on. The roads of this district are so bad that we usually pitch our camp in a place that can be reached by our carts and then walk to the surrounding villages within a radius of four or five miles. As to the work, remember it is a Mohammedan stronghold and there is continual opposition, hard, bitter and persistent. Truly the heathen rage and the rulers are gather­ ed together against the Lord and against His Christ. But thank God they can do no more than, ‘whatsoever thy hand and thy counsel determined before to be done.’ But for this knowledge our hearts would have fainted within us. In some places there is friendliness to the missionaries but no­ where is there a real acceptance of the Message.” The medicine box is found in the outfit of every district missionary. Misses Hill and Brotherston report from San- India— Evangelistic Work. 207 gla Hill, “Throughout our district we find the women friend­ ly and ready to listen. Many visit the tent to obtain some medicine for the eyes, cough, or fever, but very frequent has been the request, ‘Read to us.’ We try to make a friend of at least one non-Christian woman in each village, whose home becomes a place for meeting with the non-Christian women. This has been realized in many villages. The fam­ ily of a Mohammedan teacher in a village school for boys surprised us by the number of Psalms they could sing. When we asked where they had learned them they said, ‘From -the son of the family and from the Christians of the village.’ They had a good knowledge of the life of Christ and His work. They were present at the Sabbath service and after­ wards asked for a Psalm-book that they might learn the 16th Psalm, which we had been singing at the service. One most encouraging and interesting feature is the increased attend­ ance of the • non-Christian women at the preaching service. During the summer months we had many interesting pupils in the villages about Sangla Hill. Some received regular in­ struction. The wife of a Mohammedan religious teacher purchased a Psalm-book. She was especially interested in the catechism and read it through. In another village, we visited the house of the head man. There is a girls’ school here. The teacher was educated in the girls’ schools in Guj- ranwala City. She bought a Psalm-book and during our vis­ its brings all her girls to listen to us and join in the singing. She has a New Testament and says she often reads from it. Aside from the individual pupils in every village we have large crowds whose interest in us and our Message makes us long to meet them oftener. Our visits always end with, ‘Come again soon.’ ” 208 India— Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

VILLAGE SCHOOLS. The report from the various districts for the year under review are, in the main, encouraging. In the matter of gen­ eral enrolment the following increases are reported:— San- gle Hill, 4; Gurdaspur, 41; Gujranwala, 100; Khangah Dog- ran, 100; Sargodha, 140. In several districts, the increase in the number of Christian pupils is especially gratifying. Gurdaspur and Pasrur report a slight falling off in the num­ ber of Christian pupils. The income from fees and Govern­ ment grant-in-aid shows little variation and averages from one third to one half the total expense. Two principal difficulties are met with in varying degrees; the securing of competent Christian teachers for the schools and inducing the village Christians to send their children. W ith regard to the latter point, the Rev. J. A. McArthur, of Gujranwala, writes, “The progress of Christian pupils where they have been regular in attendance has been excel­ lent. The great trouble has been to get them to attend regu­ larly.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell, of Sangla Hill, substantiates this point with these words, “In many places there is little or no enthusiasm among the parents for the education of their children.” J. H. Martin, D.D., relates his experience in Lyallpur, “The cause of education is backward in this dis­ trict. The opportunities of an industrial nature are so numer­ ous and remunerative that people do not see the use of edu­ cation. They send their children out to herd cattle till near­ ly noon, and then call them again by 3 p. m. To help o n with the education of the children in such places I am offering a grant-in-aid for all who pass the grades, no matter who does the teaching or when. It promises well.” The difficulty of securing competent Christian teachers is not a new one. The Rev. H. C. Chambers, 0/ K h a n g a h Dog- ran, notes, “In accordance with the policy of the Mission adopted some three years ago, that, so far as possible, every mission worker of the ordinary grade should be put into school work, fourteen out of eighteen of the workers of this district were given village schools as their first and primary work. The mere fact of putting them into this work does not, however, qualify them nor even increase their love for it and many of them have a real antipathy to it.” The Rev. A. India— Educational Work. 209

B. Caldwell notes, “Our Christian workers have little or no desire to become teachers.” Regarding the work of the Christian teachers, the Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph.D., of Pasrur, writes, “W e do not find the Gov­ ernment inspectors (Hindu or Mohammedan) partial to the non-Christian teachers or reluctant to approve the work of really competent Christian teachers.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne cites the following case from Sialkot district:— “In one village, a non-Christian teacher was dismissed and his place supplied by a Christian. At first the Hindu boys felt themselves outraged and would not allow the teacher to come near lest he defile them by his touch or by his shadow. B y tact and firmness, however, he was able, within a few months, to effect such a change that when we were hold­ ing services in the Christian quarters, these same Hindu boys crowded in among the Christians and joined in the song ser­ vice.” The Rev. H. S. Nesbitt, of Zafarwal, speaks of another phase of this difficulty. “Two schools were closed for which grant- in-aid was being received, because they were taught by Mo­ hammedan teachers and attended by non-Christian pupils only. The grant had been liberal enough and the schools were in favor with the inspector, but, as their influence for Christian­ ity was a negative quantity, they were discontinued.” As a rule, the Bible teaching seems to be well done. The Rev. J. A. McArthur notes, “Where zeal has been shown the results have been excellent. The non-Christians present little or no opposition, learning almost as readily as the Christians.” The Rev. A. B. Caldwell reports, “In secular studies the schol­ ars have made good progress, while the religious instruction, given to the non-Christians as well as to the Christians, is en­ couraging. We expect good results because of daily secular instruction, so we anticipate good fruit because of daily re­ ligious instruction— daily sowing of living seed.” The Rev. J. W. Ballantyne writes, “The Sabbath school lessons have been taught in nearly all the schools and about 100 boys appeared in the All-India S. S. Examination, about one-half of whom passed.” The number of girls reading in the village schools for boys varies considerably, Sialkot, 9; Gujranwala, 28; Khangah Dogran, 30; Sargodha, 63. “ It seems impossible,” say Misses H. Cowden and J. E. Martin, of Khangah Dogfan, “for the ignorant people to realize, as yet, the importance of education for girls. They are put into school, sometimes, to the number of ten or twelve in a village, and the first time the baby is cross or there is a little extra work the girls are taken out again. There is, however, encouragement in an increase of numbers over last year, and we pray that the time may soon come when the girls will be, as a matter of course, seated beside their brothers in the village schools.” 210 India— Educational Work.

Concerning the girls’ school in the Christian village of Martinpur, they report as follows:— “Our girls’ school at Mar- tinpur has had an attendance of from forty to fifty. Seven of this number have gone up to the Girls’ Boarding School, Sial­ kot, for higher work. The head teacher informed us that within, a week’s time she had been able to gather in almost enough new girls to fill the places. She. is making an effort to bring in every girl in the village. The people have begun work on a new building, which will provide suitable quarters for the school.” Three village schools for girls are reported from Pasrur district and one from Sialkot. There is real need for many more of these schools out in the villages. One little girl from a village boys’ school, taught by a Mohammedan in Sangla Hill district, passed her first year’s examinations and was sent to the Girls’ Boarding School at Sialkot to pursue her studies. Deserving of special mention is the boys’ school at Martin­ pur, concerning which the Rev. H. C. Chambers writes, “The largest school we have is, as it should be, at the Christian vil­ lage of Martinpur. The enrolment is about ninety. Both it and the girls’ school here earn a good Government grant and usually commendation from the inspector. The boys’ school is the only one in the district where we have parallel and hori­ zontal bars and regular classes in gymnastic drill.” The Rev. J. A. McConnelee of Saxgodha, reports, “Two schools in the list deserve special mention. There are two indigenous schools, one out in a village, opened and supported entirely by the people themselves; the other, a school in Sar­ godha, under the care of the Indian congregation. This, too, was started and is carried on entirely apart from any Mission assistance, financial or otherwise. W e are led to believe that these are but the forerunners of many such schools.”

BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS. THE CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE. Superintendent, The Rev. T. E. Holliday, d.d. Headmaster, R. K. Chatterjea, Esquire The Rev. T. E. Holliday, D.D., reports, “During the year the total enrolment was 219; eight more than last year. Forty- seven were in the Middle Department and 172 in the Primary. One hundred and sixty-four were Christians and all of these except ten were boarders. The remainder were non-Christian day scholars. “The Government Educational Department has changed the school year, making it close in March, and the results refer to the tests of last March. Eighty-five per cent, of the Middle boys and 86 per cent, of the Primary boys passed in the secit' THE THEOI.OOICAr, SRMINARV, INDIA. India— Educational Work. 211 lar subjects. At the annual prize distribution in April, twenty- four boys were rewarded for excellent work done. Two boys secured prizes of Rs. 5, each, in the district athletic tournament. The discipline of the school was commended by the inspector. Of the eleven teachers, five are Christians, nearly all of whom were trained in this school. “Most of the boys have shown great interest in Bible study. The work of the Rev. Kathu Mall is worthy of hearty com­ mendation. All the boys in the Middle classes passed the an­ nual Bible test, and nearly all, the quarterly tests. In the Primary grades, in which thirty non-Christian boys are read- ing, 85 per cent, were successful in the tests. “The grant from Government increased this year by Rs. 290. More than 100 of the boarders now supply nearly all their own clothing. O f the class which passed out in March, one is in high school and four in Mission employ. Of the twenty-five men now in the Theological Seminary, twenty-three were former students in this school. A s the Christian community grows the calls for the pupils to enter Mission service as teach­ ers and workers become more emphatic, and for this reason it is difficult to retain the boys for advanced education. Pray for us that we may be wiser and stronger, and that the Lord may send us helpers better fitted for the difficult task of train­ ing these young lives for His Church in India. “The school enjoyed a Christmas treat and many nice pres­ ents thoughtfully supplied by friends of the Third U. P. Church, Pittsburg, Pa. W e wished that some friends could have seen the joy their gifts brought to our boys.”

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL IN SIALKOT.

Superintendents, Miss F. C. M a r t in a n d M is s M . R . M a r t in In October, Miss F. J. Jameson went on a furlough, and in November, Miss M. R. Martin took up her work in connec­ tion with the school. Miss F. C. Martin reports, “Last year we mentioned that the Lord had visited this school by a gracious outpouring of His Holy Spirit. This year has been one of growth. The conditions under which the girls live are trying. In a room 16 by 22 feet, with a little cupboard where they can keep their earthly possessions, from twelve to fourteen beds are crowded. On the opposite side of the courtyard are the kitchens. There are twelve dormitories and each has a kitchen 10 by 12 feet. All the dormitories open into one large common courtyard. If you can picture 170 sturdy Punjabi girls, some from the very best Christian homes, many from the ignorant village homes, and others, little waifs, who have been picked up in the street, amid these surroundings you may know it takes much of the grace of the Spirit to live the life of victory. Stealing and 212 India— Educational Work.

quarreling rarely occur among them. The Spirit of God en­ ables them to overcome in many things, and we rejoice in the wonderful way in which God is preparing these girls for His service in India. “The domestic department has been improved by the build­ ing of eight new kitchens. During the year the buildings have been overcrowded. The first part of the year we had more than the usual amount of sickness, but in the latter part we have been unusually free. The Government inspection was held as usual and the results were satisfactory. In the Mid­ dle examination, five girls appeared and all passed. The Nor­ mal Department had the distinction of standing first in the Punjab in the Junior Certificate examination. The teaching staff remains much the same as last year. “The year has been one of joy and blessing with the neces­ sary cares and perplexities which make us remember that the work is His and that we are not sufficient in ourselves for this great work.”

THE GIRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL IN GUJRANWALA.

Superintendent. Miss M. M. W il s o n - Miss Wilson reports, “When visitors came their usual ques­ tion was, ‘Where is the school?’ We acknowledge that it is rather hard to see, yet, in the low, mud buildings .surrounding the bare, dusty courtyard, thirty-seven bright little girls were housed last year. Considering that the house consists of three rooms, one of which is very small, two verandas, a kitchen and a storeroom it is not surprising that when the yearly physical examination was held 33 per cent, of the girls were suffering from incipient tuberculosis and put under treatment. “They are good, obedient children, very clever in m em oriz­ ing verses, chapters, and Psalms; and the vividness which their imagination gives the Bible stories is remarkable. The girls in the second class, whose average age is about 9, were given the Gospel according to Matthew in large print, and learned to spell their way understandingly through p a rt of it. From several sources the report came that during the vacation they read in their villages, partly from memory and partly from sight, to crowds of relatives and women, whose admiration they thoroughly relished. T h e sight of such small girls read­ ing the precious Word created in more than one village a keen desire that all the Christian children might learn to read. One pastor said that the little girl who returned to his village read so well that he knew that only the Holy Spirit could have taught her. “Although the children were making such progress it was decided because of their physical condition to extend the sum­ mer vacation to include the rainy and feverish months. The ìndia— Educational Work. 213

school reopened November the first, with the attendance limit­ ed by the Mission to twenty-five. The girls who returned are busily trying to make up for the extra two months of vacation. We have only three in the present third class, the remaining twenty-two being in the first and second classes. Considering that now only 5 per cent, of the Christian community are learning to read; that every girls’ boarding school is full to overflowing; and that no teachers are available for the village schools the conditions are rather discouraging. W e rejoice to know that land has been bought in Sangla Hill for the erec­ tion of a building for this school, which will accommodate 150 girls.”

THE AVALON GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL.

Superintendent, Miss M. J. C a m p b e ll

Miss Campbell reports, “There have been forty-five board­ ers enrolled during the year. Forty pupils have been enrolled in the town school. During the year it has seemed necessary to keep all the classes at home^except the two Lower Primary classes. The church building, just across the road from the school, has been used as a place for recitations. “Financially, nearly all the support of the school must be ob­ tained apart from Mission appropriation. The Mission appro­ priates about Rs. 100 per month, the pupils pay in boarding fees about Rs. 150, and the remainder, Rs. 450, is sent in by friends whose hearts have been stirred to help us in our times of need. Old friends have remained loyal in their support. “A fine staff of teachers has been secured, four of whom are certificated. The annual inspection was held November 16 and the result was gratifying. All the girls passed, except a few in the Infant Standard who have not been present all of the year. One has entered the fourth high and twelve are reading in the Middle department. The inspectress wrote in the log book, The school has made tremendous strides during the past year. It is a marvel, too, when so much housework and Bible study have to be done, that time can be found for all the rest of the work. It speaks a good deal for the school that in spite of all the real hard work that must be done it shows such good results. The children all look so well, bright and happy.’ “Eleven pupils are daughters of our Indian pastors. Their interest in and appreciation of this school gladdens our hearts. Many times the plea has gone forth for funds for this school. The Mission has adopted a plan for a complete plant which requires $10,000. When finished, this building will accommo­ date 100 girls, provide suitable quarters for the teachers, and the necessary class rooms. Our prayer is, that this money may soon be forthcoming and that this school will soon be 2 Ì4 India— Educational Work.

fully equipped to carry on the best possible work for the Mas­ ter in this land.”

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. THE BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME. Superintendent, The Rev. Osbobne Cbowe Assistant Superintendent, A. A. Biswas, Esquibe

The work of this institution has been carried on in all the departments throughout the year. The number enrolled dur­ ing the year was seventy-five. One year ago the literary train­ ing was stopped. This has somewhat decreased the number of boys in attendance but has given better facilities for the industrial training. In general the health of the boys has been good. A review of the past few years gives a fair indication that progress has been made in increasing the earning capacity of the institution, thus bringing it nearer a basis of self-support. Since 1905 the earning capacity of the carpentering depart­ ment has increased 48 per cent., and that of the tailoring 58 per cent., that of the shoemaking 15 per cent., and -that of the weaving 5 per cent. A new branch has been started to teach building work. Six boys are now being trained as masons, and are making encouraging progress. It is hoped that more boys will take up this line of work. Seven boys have been sent out as weaving teachers to pri­ vate firms and to Mission and Government schools. Eighteen boys have gone out and are earning a livelihood. Five are now working in the Home as paid carpenters, having taken the places of non-Christian workmen. Formerly there were six­ teen non-Christians in the carpentering department, now there is only one. The boys make their own clothes, shoes, and beds, and cook their own food. Outside labor is very seldom required, and articles of a very large variety are made and re­ paired in the Home. The Home was awarded three medals and three certificates of merit in the Industrial Exhibition held in Lahore last w inter. The conduct of the boys is good and they give voluntarily from their rewards to the church and Sabbath school offer­ ings. The great need of the Home is the Church’s sym p ath y and prayers.

THE GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME IN PASRUR.

Superintendent, Miss E. J. M a r t in

Miss Martin reports “The last year has been a successful one in the Girls’ Industrial Home. While the number of boarders has decreased it has been because many of the older India— Educational Work.

orphans have been married or have taken up other work. The attendance of girls from the villages has increased. There have been from 105 to 115 boarders during the school year, and seventy-five or eighty widows and orphans stayed in the school during the vacation. Faithful work has been done by the teachers during the year and the inspectress, who visited the school in December, was well pleased with the work. The Industrial Board, in reporting to the Mission, said, ‘The pupils, with very few exceptions, passed creditably in the Bible ex­ amination aind even those in the Kindergarten recited verses and Bible stories.” The kindergarten work has been very suc­ cessful and Miss Howell has proved an efficient helper. “In the religious life of the girls there has been progress. Several marked answers to prayer have increased their faith in prayer. Several new converts came to the school for refuge. “The health of the girls has been fair during the year. Two girls died in the school and three in the hospital from tubercu­ losis. These all witnessed for the Master. Six girls of the fifth class who were affected are now well and strong. Of fifty cases treated in the past two years in the tubercular de­ partment there have been but seven deaths. Last autumn a tubercular camp was established for cases in the active stage, and at the end of the year only two patients were in it. The money for the camp was contributed as follows: by mission­ ary friends at Annual Meeting, Rs. 140; the Juniors, Rs. 26; and the Junior Christian Endeavor and the Sabbath school of Dharmsala, Rs. 20. These three societies are made up of mission­ aries’ children. The estimate for this school is altogether in­ adequate. “Thanks are due to the many friends who have contributed toward the support of the institution and have made it possi­ ble for the work of the Master to be carried on in this place as it has been.” CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOLS.

The work of the city schools for girls (mostly non-Chris­ tians) for the past year appears to center about the words, oppo­ sition, opportunity and objective. From Zafarwal the Misses Hadley and L. B. Hamilton re­ port, The little school still goes on. Our enemies have cer­ tainly done their best to have it closed. They have threatened the parents and bribed the girls. As a last resort the building was broken into and tables, books, slate pencils, pens and the cloth for the sewing class were taken.” Miss Morrison, of Jhelum, writes, “ Many changes in the teaching staff and a scourge of plague in the city necessitated the closing of the school for more than a month.” Mrs. McClure, of Rawal­ ìndia— Educational Work.

pindi, says, “The girls who come brave anger, rebuke, and taunts, from their home people, and when we think of how far short we come of what we want done, even in the secular teaching, then we know that it is God Himself who brings and holds the girls. Although it has been proclaimed in one of the mosques of the city that in the mission schools we influence the children to become Christians, and all Mohammedans have been urged to take their children out of mission schools, yet they continue to come.” On this point Miss M. M. Wilson reports from Gujranwala as follows:— “The present enrolment is about 225, which is less than in former years, but large considering the persistent efforts of the non-Christians to prevent the city girls from re­ ceiving Christian education. The wonder is that any girls are allowed to attend since the baptism of four Hindu girls of good caste in the last four years. The one thing that ex­ plains the attendance is the confidence, very generally felt, that our school is a safer place for young girls during school hours than many other schools.” As stated in last year’s report, the Sialkot City girls’ school was completely broken up when tw o of the pupils declared their intention of becoming Christians. This school has yet the opposition, engendered at that time, to meet and in addi­ tion has this year suffered a change in the management, al- money for the camp was contributed as follow s: By mission- most a complete change in the staff, and a change in location. Miss M. R. Martin, who has recently assumed charge, writes, “ The report is a record of struggling difficulties but is bright with the promise of overcoming them.” There are much brighter tints in the picture, however. Mrs. McClure records the following:— “Our school has now become a Middle school and we are rejoicing in the opportunity of having the girls until they are 15 or 16 years of age. M iss Stratford, the inspectress, has granted eight new scholarships. There are now thirteen girls receiving scholarships. The total enrolment reached 288, but 115 has been the highest monthly attendance. The examiner wrote of the Bible teach­ ing, fI consider the Bible teaching of the school splendid.’ One day, as one of our teachers passed a certain street, there came to her mind a little girl who lived there and who used to at­ tend our school. A s this teacher remembered her she wished that she might return to school. The desire of the heart is a prayer and God answered. When school opened a few days later one of the first girls we saw was this little girl.” Miss Wilson tells of an opportunity improved in the Guj­ ranwala school:— “One of the faithful teachers, whose death occurred during the year, and whose sister is a Christian, was a Hindu woman of high caste who had just given her se n io r normal examination. She entered our school as a six-year-old India— Educational Work. 217 SM-- girl, passed the Mt*fale examination, and taught for a number of years, in spite of the severe opposition of her whole caste, which persisted from the time when she approved of her sis­ ter’s baptism. She had induced her husband to stop drinking a n d was bringing up her sons and daughters to say their pray­ ers by her side and to rea,d their Bibles. She died very sud­ denly in December, confessing her faith in Christ before her relatives and speaking of her peace in Him.” Miss Morrison sends this note of faith from Jhelum: “In- little personal talks with the girls one sees their longing for better things. One little Hindu girl said, ‘Miss Sahiba, I have to worship as required in my own home, but all the time I think of Jesus in my heart.’ Who can doubt that He thinks of her?” That Misses Hadley and Hamilton prize the opportunity is indicated when they write, “Why be discouraged so long as eighteen or twenty little girls are learning every day to sing God’s praise and recite H is W ord.” “In some ways,” says Miss M. R. Martin, “it is discourag­ ing to have the work of years apparently broken up in a day, but there is a great deal of encouragement in knowing that God’s Word is not returning unto Him void, but that its teach­ ing in the school is bearing fruit directly as well as indirectly. * One of the girls referred to in last year’s report is an earnest Christian growing in knowledge and grace. At the last Sial- kot Convention her heart was drawn out in longing, especially for her dear ones who are still out of Christ. How7 she agon­ ized in prayer for them.” The objective of these schools is succinctly stated by Miss Morrison :— “ Our great aim is to bring the girls to Christ. Pray that we may be given great wisdom, tact, and power.” Miss Wilson, in speaking further of the teacher mentioned above, says, “Her husband had been so influenced by his wife, who had been the strong helpmeet to him that non-Christian women can never be to their husbands, that he refused to al­ low certain idolatrous rites at the funeral. She combined all the charming traits that Hindu women have with many Chris­ tian graces, and no one knows how far her influence has ex­ tended among a class of people otherwise almost untouched by the Gospel. We praise God for one such life moulded in the school and pray for many others. The older girls of the school have of their own accord founded a society with three objects; to help the poor, to give temperance teaching in their homes, and to distribute Christian literature, mostly parts of the Bible.” In, closing her report, Mrs. McClure writes, “The conflict is often— indeed, is usually fierce. W e need your prayers for we are in the thick of the fight. Thanks be to God who giveth us victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.” 2lS India— Educational Wovk*

Miss M. R. Martin speaks • of persistel^rrumors indicating that scores, if not hundreds, of Mohammedan women and girls are filled with a feeling of restlessness and a desire to escape from the position of practical bondage, but are held back by the determination of others and because they know not what to do, and adds in closing, “May the true light and the true liberty in Christ soon be their portion.” HIGHER EDUCATION FOR BOYS. DHARIWAL MIDDLE SCHOOL.

Superintendent, The Rev. D. R. Gordon

This school was started in 1900, and half its expenses from the beginning have been furnished by the New Egerton Wool­ len Mills Company, Limited, which has its manufactory in the town. The director of this company, Sir Alexander McRobert, and the late Mr. Milne, manager o f the mills, have been its great friends, and a new building for it has recently been erect­ ed in memory of the latter. During the year 1910, the attend­ ance almost doubled. Thus the fees were increased; but on the contrary the Government grant-in-aid was decreased. > “We are feeling the pitch of this decrease very keenly,” says the superintendent. There are two Christian teachers in the school and sixteen Christian pupils. The school has undoubtedly exercised an in­ fluence for good on the community.

JHELUM AND SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOLS.

Superintendent, The Rev. E. E. Campbell

The year has been a good one in both these schools. In Jhelum we have to compete with the large Government school, and our rented building and lack of needed equipment com­ pare most unfavorably with the well equipped plant provided for that school. However, the attendance has increased to about 200 and a much larger grant has been earned than last year. In Sanghoi we are still in competition with the new Hindu school; so not many Hindu boys attend ours. The number of Mohammedans has increased to 125. The active Christian influence in both schools has c e n t e r e d largely around the headmasters, for we have had to employ inexperienced young men as Bible teachers, no others being available, and there is a great lack of eificient Christian teach­ ers for secular subjects. Headmaster Bhana Mall, of Sanghoi, writes, “Although the school suffered much during the last three years, yet the teach­ ers tried their best to increase the number of pupils and God India— Educational Work.

helped His own school.” He also notes that the boys take an interest in the Bible lessons. Headmaster Fazl Ilahi, of Jhelum, writes, “God has blessed our work in many ways. At the chapel service the boys listen attentively, and many times seem affected with the truths set before them. May God grant that some day they may receive the whole truth and be­ come professing Christians.” He also writes specially of two boys, one a Hindu and one a Mohammedan, who were con­ vinced of the truth of Christianity in the school, and are now working with missionaries, the one learning medicine and the other as a language teacher, both expecting to be baptized and take an open stand for Christ.” Several boys appeared in the All-India S. S. Examination and nearly all passed.

SIALKOT CITY HIGH SCHOOL.

Superintendent, The Rev. T. L. Scott, d.d. Headmaster, E. McMullen, Esquire

The superintendent reports:— “This school was somewhat stirred up when a Hindu High School was opened in the city, which took from us three Hindu teachers and over a hundred pupils. Other teachers were, however, secured and the classes were filled up by new boys, mostly Mohammedan. “We now have on the rolls 756 boys, of whom 24 are Brah­ mans, 64 non-Brahman Hindus,- 30 Sikhs, 621 Mohammedans and 17 Christians. O f the whole number 83 are in the High De­ partment, 194 in the Middle and 479 in the Primary. “The whole amount spent on the secular education of the boys is Rs. 11,320 ($3773). Of this we received in fees, Rs. 6233 ($2078), Government grant, Rs. 4196 ($1399), Mis­ sion funds, Rs. 891 ($297). Not counting the superintend­ ent’s time, therefore, the cost for each pupil to the Mission is Rs. 1-5-, or about 42 cents a year. “Each class in the school gets a Bible lesson daily, and chapel exercises are conducted every morning, when the whole school is gathered together in two sections, as we cannot seat them all in one room. “As a good part of my time is taken with work in the Theo­ logical Seminary, I cannot give as much attention to the school as I should like. I hope in time to do more evangelistic work in connection with it. Attention is again called to the fact, reported for years, that there is great need of buildings and equipment for this school, especially of a boarding house and school furniture, to cost at least $10,000.” 220 ìndia— Educational Work.

RAWALPINDI HIGH SCHOOL.

Superintendent, The Rev. B. L. Poster Headmaster, B. Samuel, Esq., b.a.

We are glad to note steady progress in this institution for the year 1910. The superintendent says, “The number of pupils on the rolls is 1345, an increase of twenty over the previous year. Many students have been refused admission to the higher classes, because they could not be cared for without increasing the staff and the class room accommodation. “The expense of the school is met by Government grant, Rs. 8077 ($2692) ; tuition fees, Rs. 8363 ($2754) ; and Mission funds, Rs. 3650 ($1216). Thus the total yearly expense for each pupil is approximately Rs. 15, or $5, while the cost to the Church, not counting the missionary’s time, is but three rupees, or one dollar, a small price to pay for the privilege of giving a Christian education to these (mostly) non-Christian stu­ dents. “In the .University Matriculation Examination the results were good, especially in the science course. In this, one boy stood second in the Punjab and received a scholarship which enables him to read in the Gordon Mission College. “The Government inspector wrote in the log book in De­ cember, ‘I am glad to note that the school maintains its repu­ tation as one of the best and most flourishing institutions in the Division. I was very favorably impressed with the be­ havior of the boys.’ “ B. Samuel, B.A., the headmaster, and the other Christian teachers and some of the older Christian boys, take a keen in­ terest in the evangelistic work of the school, and also assist in the Y. M. C. A., bazaar preaching, Sabbath schools and the other evangelistic work of the city. The school buildings are used for Sabbath schools, and the school hall for public lec­ tures in connection with the Y. M. C. A.”

GTTJRANWALA HIGH SCHOOL.

Superintendent, The Rev. Robert M axwell Headmaster, B. C. Chatterjea, Esq., b.a.

This school urgently needs a new plant. The Government inspector has condemned the present quarters as altogether unsuitable and threatens to recommend the withdrawal of Government aid if steps are not promptly taken to secure proper accommodation. There is no playground and at recess th e boys rush out into the street, or loiter in the stuffy class rooms. A t the time o f recitations the rooms are all o ver­ crowded. All this affects the opportunities for moral training-. As a remedy, reduction of the enrolment has been tried. India— Educational Work. 221

More than 100 pupils have been turned out of the school and one branch has been closed. Hence we have only 791 on the roll at present; 431 Hindus, 288 Mohammedans, 56 Sikhs, arid 16 Christians. It is hoped that our friends will provide funds for a suitable site and structure. With such improvements we might have hundreds more on the rolls. Examination results in secular subjects have been good, thirty-one out of forty-seven passing the Matriculation, the highest percentage for the local schools, and several obtaining scholarships in the Middle and Primary. Our Christian teachers have done well. They are B. C. Chatterjea, B.A., headmaster, who has served here twenty- four years; Maula Bakhsh, B.A., a graduate of the school and of Gordon Mission College; F. Jiwan Mall, B.A., a son of the Rev. Jiwan Mall; and two Bible teachers. The smallness of the appropriation granted and the demand for helpers in evan­ gelistic and village school work prevent the employment of first class men to teach the Bible. The total school expenses, aside from the superintendent’s salary, have been Rs. 16,231 ($5410), of which Rs. 8140 ($2713) was met from fees, and Rs. 6300 ($2100) from Gov­ ernment aid, leaving less than Rs. 1791 ($597), or about 75 cents a pupil, to be paid by the home Church. The grant-in- aid, however, has been reduced already and will be further re­ duced if not altogether withdrawn, unless a new plant is pro­ vided. Prayer is asked both for material and spiritual help.

GORDON MISSION COLLEGE.

STAFF. The Rev. E. L. Porter, M.A., Principal. The Rev. S. C. Picken, b.a., Officiating Prof. of Botany and Zoology. W. H. Merriam, b.a., Professor of English and Mathematics H e n ri R . Ferger, b.sc., Professor of English and Mathematics. P eter P o n so n b y , m .a ., Professor of English and History. And six others.

The principal says, “ During the year the College has suffer­ ed an irreparable loss in th& death of the principal, the Rev. J- H. Morton. He joined the College in 1903, one year after it had been recognized by the University as a first grade insti­ tution, and it is mainly due to his able management and per­ sonal influence, among the students and in the community, that the College has grown to its present position of import­ ance m the work of the Mission. A permanent principal was appointed to succeed him at the beginning of the college year. May i, i9IOi 222 India— Educational Work.

“It is hoped that professors for the chairs of Biology and Philosophy can be sent out from America before the beginning of the next college year in October. “ The present enrolment is the largest in the history of the institution, in the four regular classes. Gordon Hall, the stu­ dent hotel, has reached its limit, with thirty-five boarders. A number of applications for rooms have had to be refused. More accommodation for resident students is imperative, as on this largely depends the future growth of the College. “In the B.A. examination of the Punjab University for 1910, the College heads the list with a pass percentage of 100. The college that stood second, only obtained 53 per cent, of passes. This makes the third year in succession in which in this respect the College has stood first among the eleven affili­ ated colleges of the Punjab University. Two of the students in the B.A. class headed the list in Philosophy and received Uni­ versity scholarships. “In the lnte.mediate examination also the College again stood first, though the percentage of passes was considerably lower than in the B.A. “We greatly regret that only six Christian students are on the rolls. The great need for Christian teachers and workers and the success of those, who have received their training in the College, and are now holding important positions in our educational institutions, ought to lead to earnest prayer that many more Christian young men be found in this institution. “A grant of Rs. 970 ($323) was given by the University for re-furnishing the class rooms and installing a better water supply for the laboratories. This was conditioned on the College expending an equal amount from its own funds. This condition has been met and the work nearly completed. “We desire to thank Nawab Seth F. C. Dhanjibhoy, K.B., C.I.E., for his gift of Rs. 300 ($100) to establish a medal to be given in memory of the Rev. J. H. Morton, the late principal.”

THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.

FACULTY.

T h e R ev. R obert S t e w a r t , d.d., l l .d. ; The Rev. T. L. Scott, d.d. ; The Rev. Labhu Mall. .

This institution, during the year 1910, remained in S ia lk o t, to which place it had been moved in the spring of 1909. It was not taken back to Jhelum in November, as had been the intention, because of a throat affection which disabled the Rev. Labhu Mall and prevented him from doing full service in hi> department, and rendered necessary the help of Dr. S co tt. Dr. Stewart returned from furlough in October and, a c c o r d in g India— Educational Work. 223 to the action of the Synod, resumed the position of principal, which Dr. Scott held during- his absence. Twenty-six students have been in attendance during- the year; 11 in the Seminary proper and 15 in the Theological Training School. Of the latter, one, Khair-ud-Din completed his course in June and is now working near Lyallpur. All are married except tw o and most of them have children. In ability, diligence, and scholarship the students have averaged well; and ‘ as to their character a good report can be given. The wives and children of the students have been taught by Mrs. Scott and Mrs. Stewart, successively, with the aid of an assistant. As yet, to our regret, the permanent location of the Seminary is uncertain. The land purchased for a site, near Hafizabad, is in danger of becoming water-logged, and probably another site will need to be secured. The prayers of all our friends are solicited in behalf of the institution— for the health of its professors and students and their families, for the successful prosecution of the exer­ cises of its various departments, for a large outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon all connected with it, and for its increasing usefulness in training an Indian ministry, and establishing on firm foundations an indigenous Church. Prayer is also solicited for God’s guidance in securing a permanent location for the Seminary and for an increase in the number of students. 224 India— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, SIALKOT.

MISS MARIA WHITE, M.D.

Dr. White reports as follows:— “As usual the Dispensary has been open every week-day, and there have been treated 12,656 new cases, with an aggregate of 31,335 new and return visits. “In the Hospital 565 patients have been treated. As a rule these have been content to remain until cured. One Mohammedan woman, of good family, who had been brought to the Hospital with a double fracture of the thigh, remained seven months. When she came the wound was very offensive, as the bone had penetrated the flesh and she had been neglected for fifteen days. When she left she was able to take a few steps. “The highest number in the wards during the year was go and the lowest 26. “There have been performed 492 operations, 92 major and 400 minor. Of the 92 cases cared for in the tubercular department only 30 came from the schools, the other 62 coming from the city and villages. Two girls from the Girls’ Industrial Home, Pasrur, died, and also the wife of the pastor of the Sialkot congregation. In the 92 cases all the different forms of tuberculosis were represented. “The infant department was closed, temporarily, in May, owing to an outbreak of measles, largely of the malignant type. The children all contracted the disease and some died. I then decided to close the department until we were able to move into the new building and vacate our present quarters, where better protection from contagion can be afforded. “The Bible has been faithfully taught and listened to with much interest, and though there have been no baptisms, several have confessed their faith in Christ, in the presence of all the other patients, and left declaring their intejition to live a Christian life. One old woman would pray audibly for her grown up sens. ’They will not believe, they do not want to believe, and they are going down to hell. Save them, Lord! Save them!’ Her prayers, mingled at times with tears and groans, were painful to hear, the more painful as we knew the words of her prayer were true. At one time she said, ‘Lord, they know and believe Thou art the Christ, but do not want to give up all to follow Thee.’ India— Medicai Work. 225

“I have visited, personally, 200 homes in the city, and 25 villages, and my assistant, Miss Singh, has visited 100 homes and 15 villages. “The time of two Bible women was fully occupied in the Hospital and Dispensary, while a third followed the patients into their homes and taught them there.”

THE WHITE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN, PASRUK.

MISS MABIA WHITE, M.D. The Pasrur Branch E)ispensary has changed its name to the White Memorial. I did not like to ask help from the Board for a building, which was urgently needed, so decided to erect one as a memorial to my parents, and the result is the White Memorial. This was formally opened on the 4th of November, 1910, with J. F. Connolly, Esquire, I.C.S., Deputy Commis­ sioner of Sialkot, in the chair. A fter a short address by the Deputy Commissioner, and remarks by others, the Rev. W. J. Brandon, Ph.D., delivered an address on the Great Physician and formally presented the deed of the property to the Treasurer of the Women’s Board, Mrs. J. B. Hill, as a gift to the Women’s Board, and the key to Mrs. H. C. Campbell, who, escorted by the Deputy Commissioner, proceeded to unlock the door and declare the building open and lead the visitors in its inspection. Mrs. Jane Maidment, the assistant in charge of this insti­ tution, reports new cases at the Dispensary 6,925, with an aggregate of 16,404 new and return visits. Four major opera­ tions were performed in the old building and two in the homes of the patients, and 60 minor operations. Eleven in-patients were treated, of whom seven returned home cured and four relieved.

GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL.

M IS S E. M . GORDON Since Miss T. P. Simpson, M.D., went on furlough and Miss A. Gilbakian, M.D., was compelled to take leave on account of her eyes there has been no physician in charge. The in-patients this year have numbered 293. Of these 23 were Hindu, 219 Mohammedan, and the rest mostly Christian. They represented many villages scattered here and there over the districts: Many of them carry back to their homes not only the news of how they have been cared for but also the softening influence of the Gospel. They learn,' by attending the morning and evening worship, to conduct themselves reverently and often commit parts of the Psalms which they sing with us. 226 India— Medical Work.

The number of out-patients has been 7,909, the whole number of new and return visits 20,975. A s the patients come in they are first asked to sit down and wait till we sing- a Psalm and give them a message from God’s Word. Usually they listen with interest. Just a few days ago, when talking to a group of women about Christ bearing the punishment of our sins, one young woman asked, “Then shall we go on sinning?” Some women come in frequently just to see and hear the ‘worship.’ The staff consists of two hospital assistants, one com­ pounder and three nurses. Miss Money, one of the hospital assistants, has conducted the training class for nurses twice a week. One of the girls passed the Government examination for nurses in the spring. Thanks are due to Major H. J. K. Bamfield, I.M.S., for the help he has so generously given us. There have been 171 operations of which 9 were major. The income has been Rs.- 586 in fees, Rs. 178 from local subscriptions, and Rs. 1,050 in Government aid.

KALA DISPENSARY.

M IS S E. M . GORDON This Dispensary, about three miles from Jhelum, has been visited twice a week. Through it the people of Kala and vicinity are becoming more friendly to us. There were 1,929 new patients this year with a total of new and return visits of 3,971.

SARGODHA MISSION HOSPITAL.

M. M. BBOWN, M.D. The first of January, 1910, the women’s department was moved from the city into the new building. Since then the work for both men and women has been carried on in one building as we had planned in erecting it. This plan has been very successful. The purdah women come out freely to the new building. The building erected during the year with the Rs. 4»000 received from the Government has already been occupied, but is unfurnished. It has eight rooms, four for women and four for men. The large ward 40 x 22 feet is divided by a mud wall, which can be easily removed when another building is available for the men or the women. The small bungalow erected as a residence for the D o c to r and his family has been a great comfort, saying h im m uch time and making it possible to attend those in the H o sp ita l at all hours and care for those who call outside of re g u la r

India— Medicai Work. 227

hours, besides bringing him into more intimate contact with the men of the city who are learning about Christianity. James, in the dispensary at Malakwal, has been doing wonders. A thorough Christian and missionary, he has endeared himself to all. The railway employees prefer him to the doctors of the Railway Service and on recommendation of the people of the city he has been appointed to inspect animals to be killed for meat. He has made a habit of praying with his patients and his success has been phenomenal. It was with keen regret that we took him from Malakwal to accompany us on the initerary, but no one else was available. The greatest discouragement has been the lack of hunger for souls on the part of workers, and next to that the lack of confidence in the Indian assistants manifested by the Indians, especially by the Christians. The needs are various. 1. There is need for a conscientious, Spirit-filled surgeon. There is great call for surgery, especially in eye troubles. 2. There is need for a loving, diligent, Spirit-filled, trained nurse. Results among the in-patients cannot be satisfactory owing to lack of good nursing. The attendance of surgical and non-surgical patients could be greatly increased if there were a good nurse. 3. We need sterilizers, bedding, tables, and other equipment. 4. Cottage wards are needed especially for the Hindus, who will not partake of food that is not carefully guarded from contact with non-Hindus. This would also prevent the dis­ turbance in the general ward caused by friends of the patients who wish to smoke and spit and cook in the immediate vicinity of the sick. One man brought his horse into the veranda and was prevented with difficulty from bringing it into the large ward. Cottages, constructed with a small court with conveniences for family life, would make the hos­ pital very popular and would save much annoyance to the staff. The number of out-patients at the Sargodha Hospital has been; men, 2,426 new cases, with a total including return visits of 4,012: women, new cases 2,774, with a total including return visits of 4,902. The number of in-patients has been : men, 87; women, 50. Malakwal, out-patients, 4,567 total, including return visits, 6>i38. Treated by Sunder Das, traveling with the Rev. J. A. McConnelee, 600, or a total of 10,504 new cases and 15,052 including return visits. Of major operations at Sargodha there are 4 and of minor 129. 228 India— Medical Work.

BHERA DISPENSARY.

M. M. BBOWN, M.D.

The work in Bhera is increasing-. The staff is the same as last year: Miss Aldridge, Bible teacher; Miss Prem Masih. hospital assistant; Miss Abdulla, compounder. The buildings are being thoroughly overhauled and improved. Miss Prem Masih has been called to places outside the citv frequently, sometimes to quite a distance. There was an epidemic of cholera during the summer, but our people escaped. Miss Aldridge says the people listen well and she feels there are some who, in their hearts, believe that Jesus is the only Saviour, but have not the courage to come out in the face ui opposition. The number of out-patients has been 9,518 and of in­ patients 36, making a total of 9,554. This is the total of individuals not including return visits. The greatest need is for prayer that the rich and careless and those who are convinced of the truth may all deAOte themselves to God. India— Medicai Work. 229

SUMMARY OF MEDICAL STATISTICS, 1910

Institution new ance ance at Dis- aid & aid & Local Fees Operations Out-patients Beds Total Attend­ Government * * Receipts | | Physicians| Assistants 1 In-patients1 I 1 pensane« Rs. Rs. Memorial Hospital, Sialkot 1 12 90 566 492 12,666 31,336 1,230 3,068 White Memorial Hospital, P a s r u r ,...... 2 ' 10 11 64 6,926 16,404 250 Good Samaritan Hospital, . J h e lu m ,...... 6 33 292 171 9,838 24,766 686 1,228 Sargodha General Hospital I 7 12 137 133 5,800 9,614 381 428 Malakwal Dispensary . . . 1 4,667 6,138 Bhera D ispen sary...... 8 4 36 71 9,518 26,400 816 400

Total . 2 31 149 1,041 931 49,305 114,557 2,713 6,124 230 India— Missionaries and Workers.

MISSIONARIES AND WORKERS.

ON THE FIELD DECEMBER 3 1S T , 1 9 1 0 GT7JRANWALA.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur. Miss R. A. McCullough, Miss Hazel Bennett Pastor— The Rev. Faqira Mall, Trigari Evangelist— The Rev. Jiwan Mall School Inspector—r S. Stephen School Teachers— Christian, 9; non-Christian, 20 Other Workers, 10; Licentiates, 3

The City— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Pastor— The Rev. Barkat Masih Bible Women— Mrs. Murray, Miss McDoon School Teachers— Christian, 3

The' Boys’ Industrial Home— The Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe

Indian Staff— Assistant Superintendent—Mr. A. A. Biswas Christian Teachers, 3; non-Christian, 2

The Girls' Boarding School— Miss M. M. Wilson Miss Lois M. Buchanan for language study

Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 2

The Girls’ School— Miss M. M. Wilson

Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Miss Mukerjea Christian Teachers, 7; non-Christian, 4

The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Maxwell Head Master— B. C. Chatterjea, B.A. Christian Teachers— F. Jiwan Mall, B.A., Kesar Singh. Ladha Mall; non-Christian, 22

GTJRDASPUR. The District and City— The Rev. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon, Miss 1 L. G. Dickson, Miss K. M. C orbett

Indian Workers—Pastors— The Rev. B. A. Sharriff Gurdaspur The Rev. Aziz-ul-Haqq, Awankha Pastor Elect— Imam-ud-din, Tibbar School Inspector— The Rev. B. A. Sharriff School Teachers— Christian, 8 ; non-Christian 19 Other Workers, 8 ; Licentiate, 1 Bible Woman— Mrs. Dennison, Gurdaspur City

JHELTJM.

The District and City— The Rev. E. E. Campbell, the R£- and Mrs. J. G. Campbell, Miss .T. H- Morrison, Miss Mary A. Law rence India— Missionaries and Workers. 231

Indian Workers— Head Master, Boys' School, Jhelum, Fazl Ilahi Head Master, Boys’ School, Sanghoi, Bhana Mall, b .a . Christian Teachers in both Schools, 5; non-Christian, 16 Head Mistress, Girls’ School, Jhelum, Bashir Khair-ud-Din Other Workers, 4

The Good Samaritan Hospital- Miss E. M. Gordon

Indian Staff- Ilead Assistants- Miss Ward, Miss Money Compounder— Miss Daisy Diyal Chand Nurses— Viro, Rosie, Martha

Ivala D ispensary- Miss E. M. Gordon KHANGAH DOGRAN.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers, Miss Henrietta Cowden, Miss Jane E. Martin

Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Mallu Chand, Martinpur The Rev. Buta Mall, Satialli Evangelist— The Rev. Fazl Din School Teachers— Christian, 14; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 4

LYALLPUR.

The District and City— The Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Martin, Miss N. J. Spencer, Miss Roma B. Beatty Indian Workers— Pastor- The Rev. Muhammad Husain, Lyall- pur Evangelist— The Rev. Paul Nasar Ali Bible Woman— Nur-ul-Nissa School Teachers— Christian, 6 ; non-Christian, 2 Other Workers, 12 PASRTTR.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Brandon, Miss Mary Kyle, Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, Miss M. C. Hormel for language study

Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Mahtab Din, Pasrur The Rev. Jamil-ud-Din, Mirali The Rev. Wadhawa Mall, Bann Baj- wan The Rev. Ida, Bhodi The Rev. Alla Ditt, Dhoda Pastor Elect— Salik, Kali Evangelist— Maulvie Ivhuda Bakhsh Bible Woman— Mrs. Jones School Inspector— Munshi Kaku Mall School Teachers— Christian, 24; non-Christian, 10 Other Workers, 6

The Girls’ Industrial Home— Miss T3. Josephine Martin

Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Miss Howell Teachers, 5 232 India— Missionaries and Workers.

PATHANKOT.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Miss C. E. Wilson, Miss R. T. Wil­ son

Indian Workers—Evangelists— Jamil-ud-Din, Wilson, Sohan Hira Lai Bible Women— Mrs. Sultan Bakhsh, Lily, Dani School Teachers— Christian, 1; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 1; Licentiate, 1

Avalon Girls’ High School— Miss M. J. Campbell American Teacher—Miss I. Schwab Indian Staff— Aiiss Mahli, Miss Dina Nath, Miss K. Singh, Miriam, Martha RAWALPINDI.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. W . T. Anderson

Indian Worker— Evangelist— Mr. Smith

The City— Mr. and Mrs. W . E. Nicoll, Mrs. A. E. McClure, Miss J. L. White

Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. W . T. Williams, Rawalpindi City Evangelists— James Ganda Mall, Chambel Das, Imam’-ud-Din Colporteur— Elder Beni Parshad Bible Woman— Mrs. Baptist

The Girls’ School- Mrs. A. E. McClure Head Mistress— Miss Mary McAuley Christian teachers, 4; non-Christian 2

The Gordon Mission College— The Rev. E. L. Porter, M.A., Principal The Rev. S. C. Picken, B.A., Officiat­ ing Professor of Botany and Zoology W. H. Merriam, Esq., B.A., Professor of English and Mathematics Henri R. Ferger, Esq., b .s c ., Professor o f English and Mathematics Peter Ponsonby, Esq., M.A., Professor of History and English J. B. Raju, Esq., b .a ., Professor of Philosophy Lala Monahar Lai, b .a ., B.T., Pro­ fessor of Physics and Chemistry Lala Narain Das, M.A., Professor of Mathematics M. Abdur Rahman, m .a ., Professor of Persian and English Pundit Hari Chand, Shastri, Pro fessor of Sanskrit Maulvie Badr-ud-Din, Professor oi Arabic

The Boys’ High School — The Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter

Indian Staff— Head Master— B. Samuel, Esquire, B.A.

Christian Teachers— A. G. McAuley, Masih Diyal, R noah, Lahna Mall, Fail bus, Par' shon; non-Christian, 35 India— Missionaries and Workers. 233

SANGLA HILL.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell, Miss K. A. Hill, Miss Lena S. Broth erston

Indian Workers—Evangelist— The Rev. Abdullah Bible Woman— Mrs. Thomas School Teachers— Christian, 14: non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 5

SARGODHA.

The District and City— The Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McConnelee. Miss E. D. Anderson

Indian Workers— Pastors— The Rev. Farman Din, Westonpur The Rev. Mangu Mall, Chak 71 The Rev. Budha Mall, Sargodha The Rev. Karm Bakhsh, Chak 87 Evangelists— The Rev. H. D. Salik, the ReV. I. D. Shahbaz, the Rev. Labhu Mall Bible Women Mrs. Sundar Das and one other School Teachers— Christian, 17; non-Christian, 1 Other Workers, 8

The Hospital— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Indian Statt'— Assistants, 6 Students, 2 Bible Teachers,

Bhera Dispensary— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Bible Woman— Miss Alridge

Indian Staff— Assistants, 3

Malakwal Dispensary— Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown

Indian Staff— Assistant, 1

SIALKOT.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Ballantyne, Miss H. Moore, Miss M. E. Logan Indian Workers—Evangelist— The- Rev. W. Caleb School Inspector— B. Yaqub School Teachers— Christian, 14; non-Christian, 12 »Other Workers, 12

The City— The Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott, Miss E. McCahon

Indian Workers— Pastor— The Rev. Gulam Masih Bible Woman- Mary Anna Teacher, 1

The Theological Seminary— The Rev. and Mrs. Robert Stewart, the Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott, the Rev. Labhu Mall and Mrs. Achru Mall

The Christian Training Institute— The Rev. and Mrs. T. E. Holliday 234 India— Missionaries and Workers.

Indian Staff—-Head Master— R. K. Chatterjea, Esquire Christian Teachers, Daniel, Gulab, and the Rev. Kathu M a ll; non-Chris­ tian, 6

The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss F. C. Martin, Miss M. R. Martin

Indian Staff— Head Mistress—• Miss R. Qutub-ud-Din Christian Teachers, 4 ; non-Christian, 2

The City Girls’ School— Miss M. R. Martin ! Indian Staff— Christian Teachers, 3 ; non-Christian, 3 The Boys’ High School— The Rev. and Mrs. T. L. Scott

Indian Staff— Head Master E. McMullen, Esquire Christian Teachers, 5 ; non-Christian. 20

The Memorial Hospital— Miss Maria White, m . d . Miss E. W. Maconachie for language study

Indian Staff— Assistants, 2 Nurses, 9 Bible Women, 2 Other Helpers, 3

The White Memorial, Pasrur— Miss Maria White, m.d.

Indian Staff— Assistant— Mrs. Jane Maidment Nurse, 1 Bible Woman, 1 Other Workers, 2 ZAFARWAL.

The District— The Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt, Miss N. A. Hadley, Miss L. B. Hamilton

Indian Workers— Pastors The Rev. Arura, Cliimma The Rev. David, Ainowali Bible Woman— Leah School Inspector— Munshi Elisha Bhajna School Teachers— Christian, 14; non-Christian, 3 Other Workers, 11

MISSIONARIES ON FURLOUGH

The Rev. J. S. Barr, d.d. The Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Anderson Prof. and Mrs. W. L. Porter, m. a. The Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKelvey Miss L. A. Cleland Miss Elizabeth G. Gordon Miss A. M. Hamilton Miss F. J. Jameson Miss Lilian A. McConnell Miss Emma M. Minger Miss J. Phandora Simpson, m .d. India— Statistical Summary. 235

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

FOB THE YEAB ENDING DECEMBER 3 1S T , 1 9 1 0 I. FIELD.

Number of square miles ...... 24,223 Total population ...... 5,075,000 Total number of cities ...... 35 Total number of villages ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which there are Christians 1,242 Total Christian community (including Members, Bap­ tized Children and Catchumens) ...... 46,451 Net increase in Christian community 1910...... 4,672 II. WORKERS.

1. AMERICAN— No. of Ordained Missionaries...... 20 “ Lay Man Missionary ...... 1 “ Married Women Missionaries 21 “ Unmarried Women Mission- aries ...... 33 Medical Missionary, M an... 1 Medical Missionary, Woman. 1 Short Term Teachers and European Instructors ..

Total Americans at work on the field . 80 INDIAN— No. of Ordained Ministers ...... Licentiates ...... Theological Students Colporteurs ...... Bible Women ...... Medical Assistants ...... Christian Teachers ...... Other Christian Workers Non-Christian Teachers .

Total number of Indian W orkers ...... 662

Total number of Workers, American and Indian .. 742

III. THE CHURCH.

INDIAN MINISTERS—a. Pastors ...... 23 b. Stated Supply ...... 1 c. Missionaries of the Synod.. 2 d. Professor in the Seminary . 1 e. Evangelists ...... 6 f. House Master ...... 1

Total ...... 34 Number of Ministers deceased during the y e a r ...... 1 umber of Ministers ordained during the y e a r ...... 3 Number of Pastors installed during the year ...... 4 Students licensed during the year ...... 2 N t k num^er Organized Congregations ...... 43 -umber of Congregations organized during the year... 3 -umber of Congregations having Pastors ...... 23 al number of Pastoral Charges ...... 42 236 India— Statistical Summary.

Total number of Unorganized Mission Circles 86 Other places where services are held ...... 354 Total membership ...... 24,352 Increase by profession ...... 3,101 Increase by certificate and restoration .. !...... 2,593 5,694 Decrease by death ...... 257 Decrease by removal and suspension ...... 2,916 3,173

Net increase 1910 ...... 2,521 Number of adult Baptisms ...... 2,986 Number of infant Baptisms ...... 2,765

Total Baptisms ...... 5,751 Contributions from the Indian Church— To Missions ...... $742 To Pastors’ salaries ...... 2,123 To Synod and Presbytery funds ...... 162 To general purposes ...... 2,313

Total contributions from the Indian Church to Church work ...... $5,340 Paid from the Mission Treasury towards Church and Evangelistic work ...... 6,539 Total number of Self-supporting Congregations ...... 2S Number added to the self-support list in 1910 ...... 3 N.B.— The Indian Church increased its contributions 19 per cent, during 1910 and 51 per cent, during the last two years. IV. SABBATH SCHOOLS.

Number of Sabbath Schools ...... 181 Number of Teachers ...... 281 Number of Pupils in Sabbath Schools ...... 8,369 Contributions ...... $2S4

V. YOUNG PEOPLE S SOCIETIES.

Number of Societies ...... 40 Number of Members ...... 884 Contributions ...... $56

VI WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.

Number of Societies ...... 24 Contributions ...... $242

VII. SCHOOLS.

Number of Theological Seminaries ...... 1 “ “ Colleges ...... 1 “ “ High Schools for boys ...... 3 “ “ High Schools for girls ...... 1 “ “ Middle Schools for boys ...... 4 “ “ Middle Schools for girls ...... 3 “ “ Industrial Schools for boys ...... 1 “ “ Industrial Schools for girls ...... 1 “ “ Primary Schools for boys ...... 175 “ “ Primary Schools for girls ...... 11

Total number of schools 201 India— Statistical Summary. 237

Number of students in the Theological Seminary ...... 26 “ “ students in the College ...... 131 “ “ boys in High Schools 3,419 “ “ girls in High Schools 101

Total pupils in High Schools ...... 3,520 Number of boys in Middle Schools ...... 908 “ “ girls in Middle Schools ...... ; ...... 901

Total pupils in Middle Schools ------..... 1,809 Number of boys in Industrial S c h o o l ...... 79 “ “ girls in Industrial School ...... 140

Total pupils in Industrial Schools ...... 219 Number of boys in Primary S c h o o ls ...... 4,880 “ “ girls in Primary Schools ...... 418

Total pupils in Primary Schools ...... -___ 5,298 Total number of pupils in all schools ...... 11,003 Total number of Christian pupils in all schools ...... 3,127 Number of teachers, m e n -...... 343 “ “ teachers, women ...... 59

Total number of Indian teachers ...... 402 Number of Missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, men ...... 7 Number of Missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, women ...... 7 Number of short term teachers and European in­ structors ...... 3

Total Missionary force in school work ...... 17 Total teaching force ...... 419 Total Expenditure ...... $58,630 Income from fees ...... $12,396 “ “ Government aid ...... 11,057 “ “ industrial earnings ...... 2,856 “ “ outside sources ...... "...... 5,556 ------$31,865 Total paid from Mission Treasury towards schools in 1910 ...... *...... $26,765

VIII. MEDICAL WORK.

Number of Hospitals ...... 4 “ “ beds ...... 149 “ “ in-patients ...... 1,041 operations, major ...... 121 operations, minor ...... 810

Total number of operations ...... 931 Number of Dispensaries ...... 7 “ “ out-patients, new ...... 49,305 “ out-patients, return visits ...... 65,252

Total attendance at Dispensaries ...... 114.557 Amount received in fees ...... $904 Amount received in Government aid ...... $1,708 238 India— ta tistical Summary.

IX. BIBLE WORK.

Number of Colporteurs ...... 11 “ “ Bible Women ...... 23 “ “ Zenana visits in five stations reported 5,823 “ “ Hindu and Mohammedan women under in­ struction in the five stations reported. 1,415 Amount received from sale of books...... ’...... $524 X. BUILDINGS.

Number of dwelling houses for Missionaries erected 1910 1 “ “ other dwelling houses ...... 3 “ “ Church building ...... 1 “ parsonages ...... , ...... 1 “ “ school houses ...... 8 “ “ other buildings ...... 6 Total cost of buildings erected in 1910 ...... $8,303 XI. FINANCIAL SUMMARY.

Amount received from the Indian Church and the In­ dian people— For Church work ...... $5,340 For School work ...... 15,252 For Medical w ork ...... 904 For Book work ,...... 524

Total amount received in 1910 ...... $22,020 This is an increase of nearly 9 per cent, over the amount received in 1909. 8IALKOT MISSION COMPARATIVE STATISTICS, 1855-1910.

Sialkot Mission Established 18561860 1866 1870 1876 1880 1886 1890 1896 1900 1906 1910 August 8th, 1856

M iss io n D is t r ic t s ...... 1 1 2 3 6 6 8 8 10 11 12 12 ni—Cmaaie Statistics. Comparative India— M issionaries M e n ...... 1 3 1 2 5 6 7 12 18 18 21 21 Unmarried W om en ...... 1 1 3 2 4 6 12 17 22 26 33 Physicians, M e n ...... 1 1 Physicians, Women ...... 2 2 2 2 1 I n d ia n W o r k e r s :— Ordained Ministers ...... 2 2 1 1 2 8 10 9 12 17 34 Licentiates and Theological Students . 8 5 12 18 37 36 Other Christian W orkers ...... ( 1 0 ) ( 10) 48 89 221 198 230 826 396

Ch u rc h e s Organized Congregations ...... 2 2 2 3 8 9 14 20 31 43 M e m b e r s h ip ...... 22 8b 65 163 337 2,176 6,687 6,682 6,987 11,169 24,362

S a b b a t h S c h o o l s S c h o o l s ...... 90 126 113 146 181 S c h o la r s ...... • 67 716 1,473 2,969 8,022 3,676 6,313 8,369

-.j 79 239

D a y a n d Bo a r d i n g S c h o o l s : 72 144 170 118 182 201 E n r o lm e n t...... 1 298 1,143 1,903 8,260 3,788 6,261 6,613 8,708 11,008

Contributions :— For Churfch W o rk ...... $78 $12 $12 $86 $370 $701 $662 $1,227 $2,110 $5,840 For School W o rk ...... • • . . . $2,380 $6,700 »8,693 $9,293 $16,262

Total Indian Contributions for all Departments. • • $78 ;$I2 $12 • • $86 $370 $3,031 $6,262! $9,820 $12,732 $22,020 240 India— Statistical Summary.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

m :I bo-? ! ao i D is t r ic t s I a ¡ui & 8 Pk .2* ¿2 Al ■ ÜJ 5T* s N Q4'

; Rs. Gujranwala 16 6 1,971' 273! 451 244 229: 4,144 1,485 Gurdaapur 10 2,131 216’ 207j 211 203 3,957 1,598 I Jhelum 5 61 6 5i 6 7 7«. 439 Khangah Dogran 5 1,152 110 *140: 98 156 2,214 1,641 I/yallpur 18 2,723 269 236Ì 223 177 5,521 1,188 Pasrur 9 4,810; 515 154 515 528 9,320 1,268 Pathankot 7 211 184 135 131 76 408 546 Rawalpindi 8 130 25 19 24 23 237, 1,769 Sangla Hill 20 3,083 532 744 532 527 5,075 911 Sargodha 15 3,263j 493 Ö33 478 401 6,561 2,629 Sialkot 85 3,133; 406 375 402 278 5,630 1,569 Zafarwal 14 1,708 100 72 100 145 3,235 882 Synod’s Home

Mission 8 6 j 22 36 22 15 73 W

Grand Total 79 34 159 43 28 24,352! 3,101 2,521 2,986 2.766 46,461116,019

* Decrease. M artinpur Congregation India— Statistical Summary. 241

BY DISTRICTS, 1910.

1 :

< a V a a

CO I

' 1 Book Sales Industrial School Earnings Enrolment : Christian Boys Enrolm ent: Christian Girls Non-Christian Teachers Christian Christian Teachers Total Enrolm ent

Membership in Sabbath-schools Y. P. Society Members fa Ü Young Young P eople’s Societies Schools Sabbath-schools 1 1 Bible W om1 en Colporteurs Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 19 1,165 9 215 31 2,741 402 85 31 52 8,663 8,409 7,971 2 1 80 40 2,380 3 30 19 622 131 27 8 19 1,051 1,181 1 1 416 156 3 216 3 585 11 4 8 16 1,417 708 1 13 400 13 234 16 477 239 82 16 3 67 535 1 40 8 190 97 22 5 3 240 1 1 92

33 793 6 106 32 1,164 466 156 29 11 29 160 1,788 2 . 2 1 66 2 45 3 141 . . . 50 7 2 1,766 . . . 93 3 1 40 7 2 410 365 , . 8 1,820 42 10 19 43 15,654 . . . 12,011 * 16 280 16 234 130 16 14 3 84 1 1 . . . 9 513 1 14 18 482 255 64 17 1 4 42 4 2 30 32 2,037 7 240 30 2,204 356 272 36 41 8,563 8,178 6 2 346 7 125 17 343 185 25 15 3 424 1 •

181 8,369 40 884 201 11,003 2,314 813 205 197 37,188 8,569 33,171 23 11 1,572

wrongly reported last year. M AP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

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/ / = 31 2 Z A 73 E.K.Fiak, Eugr., N.Y„

EXPLAN A TIONS :— Main Mission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large towns, not yet occupied, are in Capitals. L ,a rg e centers, in which there are Christians, are marked by cross within circle. Villages, in which there a r e Christians, a r e marked by cross only. Other villages marked by small circle. The inset map, in upper right hand corner, shows the United Presbyterian Mission Field in relation to the whole of India. ioth Annual Report

OF THE

^ 1^1 ERICA [si (JfllTED pRESByTERlAfl /^ISSIOfsl

IN

T H E S U D A N ,

F o r t h e y e a r i g i o . Sudan— Introduction. 245

INTRODUCTION.

BY1 THE REV. J. K. GIFFEN, D.D. Ten years' ago we were just beginning the work of the Sudan Mission. They have been years of toil in sowing. We have not yet come to the reaping. But we have much to be thankful for, especially in the Father’s care of the lives and health of the mis­ sionaries. The conditions of life have been hard, harder than they are likely to be in the future. Just as I am writing this, word comes of the death of Mrs. Mc­ Laughlin, at Sterling, Kansas. Her latter years have been years of weakness and suffering, patiently borne. No one was more anxious to do work for the Master than Mrs. McLaughlin, and although weak, much beyond her strength, she “went about doing good,” and truly it can be said of her, “ she hath done what she could.” No higher tribute could we place here than this. She is at rest now with the Master, an,d her joy is full. Mrs. McLaughlin was among the first missionaries to the Sudan, and she bore the trial of those days bravely and cheer­ fully. Even then she was not strong, and the hardships may have helped to shorten her days of service; but no one took more in­ terest in the affairs of the Mission and the people than did she. As recently as the beginning of this year she sent messages of love to the boys of whom she had had the care before she was compelled to leave the field. W e know that her thought was with these boys until the last. May she have the joy of greeting those boys where the Master is. But in all this the Father has been good to us, and we believe that for Mrs. McLaughlin it was rest and relief from suffering. Changes have taken place during those ten years. Certainly the Sudan is not what it was ten years ago. The country has changed, and although the development has not been rapid, largely because of the financial condition of the country, yet a good deal has been accomplished looking to the future. The rail­ road has been extended to the south and west, and communica­ tion is becoming more rapid and easy. On the Nile, too, travel and transportation are much -more simple than ten years ago. But the changes call us to greater activity and more prayer. The people are not so simple as then. The prejudices of the followers of the false prophet have been strengthened, and the people are more difficult o f approach with the Gospel message. They, too, have been at work, and have gained something in the 246 Sudan— Introduction.

propagation of their faith. In Northern Sudan, at least, I do not believe that there are missionaries of Islam, as we sometimes hear there are. A t least I have never seen one. Certainly there are no missionaries, as we use that term. But on the other hand every Mohammedan trader is a means for propagating the faith! This is a call to work and prayer. At the same time the work of evangelical missions is not re­ garded with so much suspicion as formerly, and the Govern­ ment has shown some favor, so that as a consequence we have greater liberty. It behooves us to be discreet in all things, that we may commend the Master’s work to all men. Colonel Roosevelt remarked that in all his travel in Africa, he had not seen any work that offered greater opportunity than that at Doleib Hill, where the people camé from as far as 140 miles to receive treatment by the physician. In a recent visit to our Mission on the Sobat, the Sirdar made a similar observation and very much regretted that we have no physician there to take advantage of the opportunity. He urged that we secured a physician for Doleib Hill, and remarked, “You have gotten hold of the people in a wonderful way.” And yet we have no conversions to report there from among the pagan tribes. This has perhaps been disappointing to some ; but not amounting to a discouragement. One man, Abdullah, we believe to be a sincere seeker after the truth. He is certainly a changed man in many respects, but he is greatly tried. His peo­ ple are against him, and he has two wives. Then human nature is weak, and his knowledge is very little; but for all that we believe that God’s grace is sufficient even for him. We earnestly seek the help of every reader of this, in prayer for Abdullah, that the Spirit may complete the work begun in his heart. One thing more should be mentioned here, in connection with the work on the Sobat. One Gospel has been prepared, the Gos­ pel of John, and has been printed in the Shulla language. The language work has taken a step in advance this year. Professor Westermann, of Berlin, visiting the field to make a study o f the Shulla, as he has of so many African languages, and all of his findings corroborated those of the missionaries. Material for a grammar is now in hand, and we hope to have it published be­ fore the next report is prepared. All these things will help greatly in presenting the Gospel to the people. In the different reports following this, where each depart­ ment of work is taken up separately, there can be found more concise statements of the work we have done, or are attempting to do. But there is one other matter to which we wish to call attention here, and which has not been mentioned in any depart­ mental report, although it has been mentioned frequently in vrt' Sudan— Introduction. 247 vious reports. It is the duty of our Mission to conserve the lives of the young men whom God, in His providence, has sent into the Sudan as clerks, in trades and in business. When Colonel Roosevelt was here, we made an attempt to get as many of these together as possible, and we found that scattered over the Sudan, from North to South, and from the Red Sea to Kordofan, there were nearly 300 who had been trained in some one of the evan­ gelical schools'of Egypt or Syria. If one missionary could spend all of his time with these, it would be a life profitably spent. Outside of Khartum but little effort has been made to keep these young men in touch with the religious life of the church. Some correspondence has been attempted, but it is working at the wr©ng end of a long line, and at very great disadvantage. Some­ thing definite should be done to prevent them from drifting into sin, and away from Christ and the Christ life. Our need for more workers is apparent every day. We have suffered much for lack of continuity in our workers and work. This is es­ pecially true in medical work and language work. But we wish to make no excuse for ourselves. We realize too deeply our own shortcomings and limitations. We submit this tenth report with the consciousness of our own weakness, and a feeling that what has been accomplished is very meagre in­ deed; but with a deeper sense than ever of the need of the peo­ ple. Our reliance is upon Him; but we also hope for the fullest co-operation from each one. Our only reliance for earthly help is from those who have sent us. 248 Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

BY THE REV. G. A. SOW ASH.

Another year has come and gone in the annals of the Sudan Mission. No great successes can be recorded, and no brilliant examples of Church growth can be cited, and yet, we trust, to the All-seeing Eye, some progress has been made. No great numbers have been added to the Church roll, and yet some names have been added. The good seed of the Kingdom has been sown, in various places, and we have the faith to believe that some of it will spring up and bring forth fruit unto eternal life. The enemy has also been busy, sowing tares, and sometimes, to the man of little faith, the enemy’s harvest gives promise oi being the larger; but to the man of larger vision, who keeps his eyes fixed on Him who is invisible, and his feet firmly planted on the eternal promises of God, there can be no such thing as the final triumph of the enemy. Christ’s Kingdom is advancing in the earth, even though there are places where the enemy seems to be victorious for the present. The Word has been regularly preached in Northern Sudan in three places: Omdurman, Khartum and Khartum North. The work at Omdurman has been carried on successfully by the missionary in charge. For most of the year the attendance has been good. The regular weekly prayer meeting and the Sabbath school have been maintained through the year. The head teacher in the Boys’ School has rendered valuable assist­ ance in the various meetings and has proven himself an able preacher. W e wish that he might be set apart as an evangelist, as he shows exceptional ability for one who has had little theo­ logical training. The Khartum congregation under the care of the evangelist appointed and sent by the Synod of the Nile, cannot be said to have been in a very flourishing condition during the year 1910. The Devil seems to have been rather busy sowing the seeds of dissension between the members and the evangelist, so that the interest in spiritual things has not been great. One or two mem­ bers have been added during the year. At Khartum North the services have been regularly kept up except for a short time during the summer vacation, and all meetings have been well attended. During the first part of the year the meetings were held in one of the school rooms of the Sudan— Evangelistic Work. 249

G irls’ Boarding School; but during the latter months of the year the chapel of the school has been in use. One of the most encouraging things here is the readiness with which the Sudanese listen to the Gospel, especially the women. These are nominal­ ly Mohammedans, but they come day after day eager to hear, and rarely do they forget to have something for the contribution box. We trust that here we may have a real beginning among the real Sudanese of Northern Sudan. Regular preaching services have been kept up at Atbara in . one of the rooms of the Boys’ School. This has been conducted by the teacher, and has been fairly well attended during the year. This is an important center and should have an evangelist for full time. It is our belief that a good congregation might soon be organized in this center if there were a good evangelist per­ manently stationed here. At a number of other places religious meetings have been held during the entire year or part of the year. One of these is at Merowe, in the Dongola Province. This is the supposed site of the ancient capital of Queen Candace, whose Ethiopian treasurer was converted by the Evangelist Philip on the road from Jeru­ salem to Gaza. At this place one or two, feeling the need for themselves and for others round about them, have opened a meeting in one of their houses. The following is an extract from a letter received from one of them in reply to a letter informing them that some Bibles and Psalm-books had been sent them : “There is no religious meeting of any Christian creed in this province, so in order not to be deprived of the worship of God. two of us have established such a meeting, trusting that with the help of the Lord, the same may be as leaven in the province. Kindly send me two more Bibles, as most of the brethren have no books. Remember us in prayer.” Here is a whole province with this one little group of wor­ shippers and they without a leader, with almost everything against them, and nothing to encourage them, except an occa­ sional visit from the evangelist from Khartum, or a letter from the missionary. Y et they are striving to do what they can for their own spiritual growth and that of those about them. Another little group meets regularly at Port Sudan. They deserve special commendation as they have purchased a little plot of ground with their own money and are taking steps to have a cheap building erected thereon. They too are without an evangelist or any other helper. Bibles and Psalm-books are being sent them. At Wad Medani, up the Blue Nile, about 125 miles from Khar­ tum, the evangelistic colporteur holds a regular weekly prayer meeting and also a preaching service every Sabbath. His aud­ 250 Sudan— Evangelistic Work.

iences often number 40 and upwards. This is an important cen­ ter, and ought to be occupied by an evangelist as soon as possible. Another important center is Dueim, which is situated about .110 miles up the White Nile from Khartum. Several .members of the Church are situated there, and quite a number of adher­ ents. They are almost discouraged as they have sent so many appeals for an evangelist without success, that they have about given up hope. Several other places might be mentioned, where one, two or three members of the Church are situated; but all are without the means of grace except as they meet together and encourage each other. So much for Northern, or Arabic-speaking Sudan. Let us now turn our attention toward the South. We are there in almost another world and face to face with another situation. In the North, the tribes are all Mohammedan, or at least nominally so, and as much Mohammedan as they ever will be; but not so in the South. There the tribes are heathen, so far as they may be said to have any religion at all, but they will not long remain so. Mohammedanism is making rapid progress among them, and unless this is checked or counteracted, and that very soon, many of these tribes will, within two generations, be largely Mohammedan. There is an active Mohammedan propaganda at work all through the entire continent of Africa. The Mohammedan world seems to look upon Africa with covet­ ous eye,-and as its legitimate prey. The whole northern half of this vast continent is now in the grasp of the great false prophet, and his mighty hosts are fast pressing on to the South. The language of the “ Koran” will even now carry one intelligently through almost every tribe from the Mediterranean Sea to the Cape of Good Hope. The army is everywhere an active and powerful force in the propagation of Islam. It is composed al­ most entirely of Mohammedans and is constantly recruiting from the various tribes. After a term of service in the army, practi­ cally none ever return to their villages anything but Mohamme­ dans. It is safe to say that within a very few weeks of the time of enrolment, almost every Sudanese is circumcised, and straightway is made a Mohammedan. After leaving the army, many of these become preachers of Islam to their tribes. These tribes are all accessible to the Gospel now, but just as Moham­ medanism enters, will Christianity be made more difficult, if not debarred altogether. Now is the time for the Christian Church to put forth her strength for the evangelizing of Africa. If the foundations of the Christian religion are not thoroughly laid within one generation from the present time, the evangelization of this Dark Continent will be, at least, 100 generations farther away than it is now. I am no pessimist; but if past experience Sudan— Evangelistic Report.

counts for anything, the people who first embrace Islam are many generations later in embracing Christianity. I believe that the religion of Jesus Christ will finally triumph over all the pow­ ers of darkness combined; but I am convinced that the power of Islam will'be the last to be broken. Most of the heathen tribes of the Sudan will not be easily reached, even while they remain heathen, but the task will be simplicity itself compared with that of reaching them when once they become Mohammedans. The only place where evangelistic work has been done in our part of Sudan, and among the pagan tribes, has been on the Sobat river, at our station, Doleib Hill, or in that immediate vi­ cinity. Mr. Oyler, who is in charge of this work at that sta­ tion, reports as follows: A regular Sabbath morning service has been held at the Mission station during the year, with an average attendance of 16. A daily morning service has also been held for all those employed about the place. The numbers have ranged from 10 to 200 at each service. In addition to this, Mr. Oyler has visited many of the adjacent villages, and has held from one to two preaching services each Sabbath, the audiences varying from very few to 63, with an average of 21. Some at­ tend regularly, but often trifling local causes keep them away. Daily effort is being made to overcome the hostility and care­ lessness of the people. So far progress in spiritual things has seemed slow, but the seed of the Kingdom has been scattered abroad, and we leave it to the power of the Holy Spirit to cause germination and growth. May He, whose the work is, abundantly bless the work that has been done in His name, and for His glory, both in the North and the South. May there soon come into the hearts of the Sudanese a desire for that which neither Time nor a Dead Prophet can ever satisfy. *0 (Ln to

STATISTICS FOR EVANGELISTIC WORK, SUDAN

CONTRIBUTIONS ua—Eaglsi Work Evangelistic Sudan— M e m b e r s h i p A .M . 1910 S a b b a t h S a b b a t h o nrTWTV T o t a l A . M . SCHOOIv 1 S0CIETY

WOMENTOTAL abbath MEN ATTENDANCE ct. c t . c t . S $ $ 1 ct. 1

Khartum ...... 65 87 92 75 684 13 11 03 10 44 706 60 Khartum North . . . with above 45 111 44 23 28 134 72 O m d e r m a n ...... 5 4 9 28 66 00 66 00 A lbara ...... 1 1 2 13 3 75 3 76 B erber ...... 3 2 6 6 D a r n e r ...... ] 1 2 M e d a n i ...... 7 6 13 53 17 46 17 46 H a i f a ...... 4 5 9 20 10 00 10 00 Port S u d a n ...... 6 1 7 18 90 00 90 00 . M e r o w e ...... 1 1 9 Suakin ...... 1 1 2 14

11 Station s 84 68 142 281 982 78 34 31 10 44 1027 63 .Sudan— Educational Work. 253

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

BY MISS FANNY G. BRADFORD.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Number of schools: For boys ...... 5 For girls ...... 1 Industrial ...... 1 7

Number of pupils enrolled: Boys ...... 534 Girls ...... 145 Industrial ...... 6 679

Number of teachers: For boys ...... 8 For girls ...... 3 Industrial ...... 1 12

Tuition fees ...... $1,472.04 Boarding fees ...... 226.50

Total fees ...... $1,698.54 In spite of poor buildings, unfaithful teachers and lack of funds, the boys’ schools of the Northern Sudan are in a prosper­ ous condition. It is with thanksgiving that we close the work of another year. During the past four years the attendance in the boys’ schools has doubled, the teachers have increased from four to eight, but the appropriation has not been increased. To fit the appro­ priation of four years ago to the needs of today is much like trying to put a fourteen-year-old boy into an eight-year-old suit, and saying, “ Now do be satisfied and look comfortable.” The boy’s clothes choke, and he makes the whole family unhappy with his complaints. It is somewhat the same in the Mission family. The needs of the boys’ schools have caused much anxiety. It seemed that one or more must be closed, for the dif­ ference this year between the appropriation and the running ex­ expenses was over $2000. Prayer and faith, with works, brought many friends to light, and the deficit is being raised. Omdurman is fortunate in having a teacher, for whom Gov­ ernment positions offer no allurements. The Copts opened a rival school and took most of our Coptic boys, but the teachei did not give up in despair. The new school building, built from the Rockefeller gift, is nearly completed. With, a consecrated, competent teacher, and a missionary located in the school, it is very probable that the enrolment will be doubled during 1911. 254 Sudan— Educational Work.

Three rooms of concrete blocks have been built in Khar­ tum. This will increase the efficiency o f -the school, for many parents were unwilling to send their children to the old rooms. It might seem wise to let the dissatisfied ones go elsewhere, but they would miss the hearing of the Word day by day. “The entrance of Thy Word giveth light.” The only light which can ever dispel the darkness of the Moslem world. Fifty-seven per cent, of our boys are Moslems. Khartum North Boys’ School is waiting for a new building. The afternoon sun beats in at the unprotected west windows so relentlessly, as all of the doors and most of the windows are on that side, that it seemed wise to have the school sessions in the morning only. The head teacher has remained four or five years. He seems to take a real interest in his boys. The work at Atbara was hindered by an unfaithful teacher, 'who not only left the mission school, but started another in op­ position. He won over the Moslem patrons by saying: “Don't send your boys to a Christian school, send them to me and I will teach them the Koran.” He drew away a number of pupils, and tuitions dropped off. However, most of the boys have re­ turned, for they find the mission school is better. Two of the most urgent needs of the work are competent, consecrated teachers, who will resist the temptation to enter Government service, and a larger missionary force. If the mis­ sionary could teach in the school for two or three hours each day, the attendance would increase, and the school would assume a greater prestige among the people. With but two missionaries in the Northern Sudan, daily classes are an impossibility. W ith substantial, respectable buildings, the estimates granted in full, and more workers, our mission schools can easily excel all others in teaching as well as in moral and Christian influence The Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Khartum North, opened three years ago with an enrolment of ten. The total enrolment the first year was 56, the second year 85, while the present year registers 133. The Rose Harden Chapel, with four adjoining classrooms, and two halls, has been finished. The teaching staff consists of two missionaries and three Syrian teachers. Girls have entered school from Khartum, Khartum North, Omdurman and Wad Medani. The school is becoming more widely known. The Sudanese es­ pecially are learning to trust us. One happy black girl usually brings her friends. One Sudanese girl who entered school last August is able now to read in the New Testament. The ease with which they learn to sew is also encouraging. The school is distinctly Christian with Bible lessons and prayers every day, Sudan— Educational Work. 255 yet over sixty per cent, of the girls are Moslems, and many come from fanatical homes. Concerning the educational work in the Southern Sudan, Mr. Tidrick writes, “The little school is composed principally of the children from the families working in the compound. This is at least a by-product of the industrial work. “Little has been attempted with the daily workmen except some instruction in arithmetic and geography. We have felt that it was useless to try to teach anything more to men who are present for only a week or so at a time. . In giving industrial training, we have had the same hindrances. Some individuals have learned to do our work our way. In gardening, making brick and in building operations, etc., the Shulla has shown that he has ability to become skilful and proficient if he can be kept at his training. ' “Beginning with the new year, we expect to employ men by the month instead of weekly periods. We will have several un­ der yearly contracts, so that with the erection of a manual train­ ing building this year, we ought to be able in the near future, to do definite, effective industrial training.” Mr. Guthrie writes, “The day school at Doleib Hill has been attended by children so young that instructing them along in­ dustrial lines is hardly possible. Consequently what educational work has been done, has been limited to a few men, who are working by the year. These are learning to cultivate other crops, than kafir-corn, the staple crop of Shulla land, and to till the soil with an object other than just to keep down weeds. We have been partial, giving our time to a few. One of these seems apt to learn, now being able to handle the plow quite well, and also some other tools. The difficulty with which we have to con­ tend is lack of interest, or one might say, lack of desire of the people to better their own condition. They refuse to come to receive instruction only. “If they can work for money, they will do so. But one feels that it is the money only that they are after. We are striving to give them a desire to learn how to cultivate their crops bet­ ter, and grow old crops, and how to do new things. When the desire is once aroused, we will have overcome the greatest ob­ stacle that is in the way of industrial, as well as other education­ al work, at Doleib Hill.” Mr. Oyler, who has charge of the little day school at Doleib Hill, writes, “The educational work among the Shullas. pre­ sents many difficulties. The people do not care to attend school, for they know neither the meaning nor the value of an educa­ tion. Many are bright and seem able to learn, yet have no in­ centive to spur them on. They have had no opportunity to see 25 6 Sudan— Educational Work.

the good of an education, so they are not ready to invest time in mental improvement. “About an hour is given to the school each day, and sometimes a number are present. A child becomes interested, and comes for a week or two. Some come a day now and then. The average attendance is six. Four pupils are fairly regular and three are making good progress. The work is necessarily ele­ mentary.” Sudan— Educational Work. Khartum North Girls North Khartum Boys Total oa Pupils Total Sobat M ixed ixed M Sobat oys B Atbara Medani M ixed ixed M Medani Omderman Boys Boys Boys Omderman North Khartum Boys Khartum UMR O EUAINL TTSIS SUDAN. STATISTICS, EDUCATIONAL OF SUMMARY Boys T N E M L O R N E L A T O T P 456 456 181 178 g n i y a 82 65 • Girls *88 88 Boys F 78 32 15 12 78 e e r 6 8 5 Girls ’ ’ ’ 45 7584 57 12 12 12 Boys T N E M L O R N E 210 584 143 87 80 6 8 L A T O T Girls ’ ’ ’ 145 133 12 12 12 Total 546 210 679 133 143 20 80 87 6 rt ot. Mos. Copts. Prot. 21 12 35 14 Y GI S N IO IG L E R BY 2 2 5 1 i 207 193 20 41 28 30 14 74 38 49 388! ! 304 108 110 84 55 31 Total Fees from Schools from Fees Total Boardin th’rs O 28 21 16 6 6 Fees g Egypt ONALI ES IE IT L A N IO T A N 328 372 124 44 46 72 12 74 Sudan BY 15 ' 289 206 83 97 86 8 ! th’rs O * 12 1*8 $ 6 6 6 1 6854 1698 1472 207 285 353 226 516 955 110 S E E F c. ’ 79 79 ’ 104 05 52 25 10 12 50 258 .Sudan— Medical Work.

MEDICAL WORK.

BY T. A. LAMBIEj M. D.

Our chief hindrance during the past year has been lack of workers and lack of continuous service. Three years ago our Sudan Mission had three medical missionaries on the field. To­ day it has only one’ and no definite word that any one else is coming out. The remaining doctor’s furlough comes this year. It is evident that one cannot do the work of three. Even then, when we had three, we did not consider ourselves properly man­ ned. You who read, what are you going to do about it? Is the work of evangelizing the world going to be done in occasional spurts of enthusiasm, well-meaning, but little directed, or is it, going to be carefully and timely planned, and executed in a way to make every stroke count, and under His leadership, to throw down stronghold after stronghold, until we plant the banner in the very heart of a Saviourless world, and king and beggar proclaim that He is Lord of all ? Looking at the matter in a calm, practical, business-like way. it is a great waste of men and money to allow interruptions to occur in missionary service. This is true of any work, but it is especially true of the medical work. A fter all, the people are much the same the world over. A doctor could not go to High­ land Avenue, Pittsburg if he were unknown, and have a flour­ ishing practice in a week, or a month, or even a year. Neither could he in Khartum, or almost any of the cities of the East. He will find the difficulties just as great, and the people just as con­ servative. Time, patience and Christian tact will eventually sur­ mount all obstacles. It is a great mistake to think that “any thing is good enough for the heathen.” The best you have is none too good. Some one has said, “one week after a mission­ ary lands in an African village he is classified as to his acquire­ ments and abilities.” It is true. God gave His best, why should not you ? The work at Doleib Hill has suffered more than any other from scarcity of workers. It had a doctor for only one month of 1910. Mr. Tidrick has taken time from his many duties to do what work he can for those patients who come. His work has been greatly blessed and large numbers have received aid. He feels keenly, as even a doctor does, his lack of special train­ ing. Sudan— Medical Work. 259 Concerning this work Mr. Tidrick writes: “Since the medi­ cal work has been irregular, without a physician, the records have not been systematically kept; but we think it conservative to say that there have been an average of ten clinic patients a day, 3650 for the year. The wonder is that with the work so poorly conducted, so many people continue to come for treatment. A t present every tuckle* is full of sick people. Our constant prayer is that a doctor will soon be sent out to take advantage of this opening.” The work in Northern Sudan was carried on by Dr. McLaugh­ lin, until his departure for America, in May, 1910, then by Dr. Lambie until the close of the year. The work, as you know, is carried on in Khartum and Khar­ tum North. The population of Khartum North and vicinity is reported by the Government at about 36,000. For this popula­ tion there is one Government doctor, a Syrian, and half the time of the American Mission doctor. Khartum’s population is large­ ly of the official class, with European tradesmen and mechanics, Egyptian clerks and minor officials. Its population is about 16,- 000. For this number there are some six or eight English Gov­ ernment doctors, an equal or larger number of Syrian doctors, also in Government service, two Greek private practitioners, and one English private practitioner, and half the time of the Ameri­ can Mission doctor. Most of the real mission work will be done in Khartum North, where the real Sudanese live. A t present writing only a few Sudanese ever attend the Khartum clinic. Its value is chiefly to furnish funds to pay for medicines given away in Khartum North. The amount furnished on appropriation from the home Church, would not permit the work to be car­ ried on otherwise. The work has suffered much from the enforced absence of Dr. McLaughlin. When Dr. Lambie first took hold, he found that there was little to take hold of, for the work had dwindle:! at once when the Doctor left. His first two months were spent in Arabic study, and shooing the inquisitive chickens from the almost deserted clinic, exactly the same experience every new doctor goes through- in America. Slowly the work developed un­ til now it requires all of one’s time to the exclusion of language study. We feel that medical work to be effective, for spiritual regen­ eration, must be actually evangelistic. This we are sorry to say has not been so this year. Chiefly because the Doctor was un­ familiar with the language, and no Bible reader was available.

PhuHahs'6 *S ^ra^ c name for the bee-hive shaped, mud houses of the 2ÓO Sudan— Medical Work.

Medical work offers unnumbered opportunities for doing per­ sonal work if only a working knowledge of the language is one’s possession. Without it, medical mission work is humanitarian, and not much more. True, it breaks down prejudice, and paves the way for other work and workers, but- we cannot believe that to be its only purpose. Due to lack of continuity of service, and also, be it admitted, negligence on part of the writer, no very complete statistics were kept; but the following shows, approximately, the work done:

MEDICAL WORK CARRIED ON IN KHARTUM DISTRICT FOR 11 MONTHS OF 1910, SINCE MAY. Khartum and Khartum North clinics, average daily attend­ ance ...... 14 Operations performed ...... 15 Lowest monthly receipts ...... $50.00 Highest monthly receipts ...... $150.00 Outside visits made ...... 400 Total number clinic treatments ...... 2.500 In-patients, nursed in doctor’s home (from one to six weeks) > 20 Villages visited ...... 4

We hope that kindness and love will not be without their influ­ ence in convincing the Sudanese that we are here as their friends, with a purpose to help them in mind, body and soul. A man brought a little girl to the Khartum North clinic, suf­ fering from heart disease. W e told him that she was very sick, and that medicine would help but little. He said that he wanted the truth from me. I told him that his little girl was being called by our Father, and that she would not live for more than two months. They went away displeased. A neighbor told me that my words were too heavy in this instance, as they had complained to him. He said that I should politely tell them to drink some medicine, and go to another doctor or to another city. The East, you must know, is far more suave than we in America are. The poor child died within the time. I thought never to see the man again. One evening just as I was closing up, a man brought a little boy to me. “ I have to go now,” I said. “Just see this boy’s throat,” he said. I looked, and saw that it was a bad case of diphtheria. I had forgotten the man, but he was the little girl’s father. They were all in terror. I gave antitoxin and said, “ He will get better, God willing.” “W e want straight talk,’ they said. “This is truth, as before,” I said. He did get well. We feel that this was.a case where God chose to show us His leading, as it was a splendid opportunity to preach Christ. The missionary longed for fluent Arabic as never before. Results seem meagre enough, but “the times are in His hands, His kingdom is over all, and His arm is not shortened that it cannot save. Sudan— Industrial Work.

INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT, DOLEIB HILL.

b y m b . w . b . t i d b i c k .

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Total number of people that worked for the Department, considering one week the basis of employment ...... 2.433 Highest number per week ...... 200 Lowest number per week ...... 15 Average per week ...... 46 Highest pay per week (forem an) ...... $3.90 Lowest pay per week (girls and boys) ...... $ .20 Average pay per week ...... $ .60 Total paid out for workmen ...... $1,257.04 Total expense, Industrial Department ...... $7,670.08 Total receipts on field ...... $6,072.11 Receipts by appropriation ...... $1,692.00 Note.— Five Shullas worked for the entire year.

During the early part of the year, Mr. Guthrie was absent on the exploring trip up the Sobat, and with building operations and one missionary’s time constantly taken up with the selling of durra* the industrial work often seemed to drop into a second­ ary place. However, we tried to carry it on as well as possible under existing circumstances, trusting that God will add His blessing to the feeble efforts of His workers. We wish to repeat the statement made three years ago, that, “If men are slow to accept that for which there is a natural long­ ing in every human heart, it cannot be wondered at if they yield slowly to those influences which compel them to do the things for which they have a natural antipathy.” W e believe that in­ dustrial work, even in its simplest and first stages, draws the peo­ ple to us and gives us a chance to reach them with the Gospel; but we do not hope for great industrial achievements, before Christianity has changed the lives of the people. Christianity, and that alone, will give the incentive for the real, constant striv­ ing for the highest things of life. Without such incentive, no advance can be made industrially for these pagans in Central Africa, where Providence has, usually, made it easy to subsist. While some advance has been made this year along strictly in­ dustrial lines, perhaps more has been accomplished by bringing m large numbers of people to hear the Gospel, in establishing confidence, and in gaining their good will. More men came foi

‘ Kafir-corn. 262 Sudan—Industrial Work.

work than in previous years, this being due partly to the greate; need of money to buy food, but more largely because the increas­ ing wants of the people demand more money. It has been our policy to employ practically all who come for work each Monday morning, hoping thus to encourage the peo­ ple to work, but this year the numbers steadily increased, until by the middle of the year we were having from one hundred to two hundred applicants. As our labor fund was limited, and wt could not turn labor directly into money, we were compelled to refuse work to large numbers of men and women. But this made it easier to raise the standard of work. From the beginning we have tried to reward each laborer according to the merits of his work. This year we established a “dishonest list,” and a “black­ list.” Dishonesty was punished by fines and non-employment for certain periods. The blacklist meant no more employment by the Mission. The effect of this was shown by the efforts of the 'few blacklisted, to try to be reinstated. In each instance the young man offered money, or its equivalent, to have his name removed from the bad list. It is our hope that we will be able to develop some line of work that will enable us to employ large numbers, at the same time making the work at least self-supporting. The first cotton was marketed, although cotton was grown in the first years of the Mission. It was shipped to Khartum, gin­ ned there, and then put into the hands of an agent to be sold on the Liverpool market. A good many experiments were attempt­ ed with new cereals and vegetables; but the excessive rains spoil­ ed the most of our vegetables and experiments, as well as the crops of the people. With a view to developing the native type of cattle, a short­ horn bull was imported f»om England. We insist that this breed of cattle at home are splendid milkers, etc., but the Shulla in­ sistently classes our English bull as a wild buffalo. It is neces­ sary to keep this foreign animal enclosed in a mosquito house night and day to protect him from disease-carrying flies and mos­ quitoes. The durra famine, mentioned in last year’s report, continued in severity until the new crop of 1910. While people did not ac­ tually starve, they were weakened physically. They scoured the fields for the grass bins of the large black ants. These ants store up grass seed in considerable quantities, as squirrels do nuts. The women dug up this ant provender, and used it like durra. It satisfies hunger, but is poor in nourishment. In the swamps they also find a reed whose stalks yield a sweet juice. These they first scorched in a smoldering fire, then steeped in hot water for some hours. Dirty water, about 5 per cent, sugar, was the result. Sudan— Industrial Work. 263

Our first effort was to supply the need of the natives directiy dependent on us, but others soon besought us to bring them durra also, first iji small quantities, and then in sail boat loads. We urged the people to supply their needs early so as to take advantage of the trade winds to bring the grain by sail boat, rather than by expensive steamers. Their improvidence was shown by the few who really tried to lay up a sufficient amount to last till the new crop. Steam transportation costs treble that by wind power, but the north winds last only from November till the end of March. At first every one bought with silver money, but theii cash was soon exhausted. O f course, some had but little money to begin with, and some perhaps, barely touched the money they had been hoarding ever since silver became a medium of exchange among them. When their cash ran out, we accepted anything they had to exchange that we could dispose of for,money. The trade developed, principally in cattle, sheep and goats. Some six hundred animals were taken in exchange. Many were resold within a few minutes after they were traded for. Shullas who had money to spare came to take advantage of the famine prices, so that our Mission became a center of live stock exchange. It was no uncommon sight to see a crowd of Dinkas or Nuers, ac­ companied by Shulla buyers, coming with their stock to trade for durra. Often the Shullas from the same village would come t<. gether as seller and buyer, the one wishing to buy the cattle that his neighbor wanted to sell. When asked why they did not make an exchange in the village, and the seller bring his money for durra, they always replied that they preferred to make the ex­ change through us. When stock arrived, we estimated the value in money and durra, and announced it openly. If the seller agreed (and it was a rare exception that he did not), we offered the buyer the ani­ mal at the cash value of the durra. The buyers were as well pleased as the sellers, and all parties usually went away happy. We tried to give the people the grain as near cost as possible, and still not run too great a risk of going into debt, and thus largely prevented the Mohammedan traders from taking advan­ tage of them in their extremity. They were angry at us, however, and petitioned the Government to stop our trading with the peo­ ple; but their petition failed of its object. The Governor of the province reported to the central Government that we had done them a favor rather than an injury. Our store trade was much more extensive this year. Ex-Presi­ dent Roosevelt considered our bringing in fifteen tons of crude iron of the greatest importance. To be sure, much of it was made into anklets, etc., but it also enabled the people to get iron 264 Sudan— Industrial Work.

at a price that they could afford to make their own crude imple­ ments, instead of buying them from traders. Two trading trips were made which proved successful from every point. They proved conclusively that all these people love to trade, and that if one goes to a central district and establishes himself for a time, the people will come in large numbers from all over the district to trade, thus making it easy to reach a large proportion of the population. Through the kindness of an English sergeant in the Post and Telegraph Department, we were enabled to make a trip up the Zaraff River, into the western part of our territory. The coun­ try is wild, abounding in big game. Through the Shulla wife of the Nuer chief, with whom we stayed, we gained much informa­ tion in regard to the country. She compared the population to the entire Shulla population on the west bank of the White Nile. This would make it larger than all the Shullas on the east bank, or in our territory. The people were friendly, and treated us with respect. The old chief returned our visit later, with his several sons. This is a large field which we cannot even touch with our present force; but it is being reached by the Mohammedan trad­ ers who are at the same time Mohammedan missionaries. Are zve going to give the field up to them? It has been mentioned in previous reports that the lack of building materials is a handicap to real industrial work here. There is little incentive to learn trades when there is no material for the practice of the trades. A limestone gravel (concha stone) crops out on the river banks, and appears, in limited quantities, in the low places over the plains. Experiments have proved that it will burn a good building lime. The burning and slaking pro­ cess is a cause of great amazement to the Shullas, but of great joy to us. Lumber-producing trees may be grown here; but we must show that this is possible and practicable. The workmen are at present moulding brick, in which we ex­ pect to experiment with twisted grass and corn stalks. We hope to be able to show that bricks can be made in this simple way. Thus we trust that in time many of the difficulties will be re­ moved which at present make it hard to teach real manual training. Beginning with the new year, men will be employed by the month instead of by the week. This will enable us to do more efficient training, and bring people under the preaching of the Gospel for longer periods at a time. Pray that all of our efforts may be blessed, in helping to win these pagans from indolence, filthiness, ignorance and sin, to the plane of Christian living. Sudan— Book Department. 265

BOOK DEPARTMENT.

BY THE BEV. J. K. GIFFEX, U.I).

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

Volumes. Value. Number of Scriptures sold ...... 116 $25.46 Number of religious b o o k s ...... 60 33.00 Number of educational books ...... 3.300 . 340.00

Total ...... $398.46

The distribution of books and other literature, has not reached very large proportions in the Sudan. The number of readers is very small, and the number of those who are interested in books of any kind, is still smaller. It is almost discouraging to note how little time the young men, even those who are college train­ ed, spend in reading. The most of them read the newspapers, and to but little advantage; but few of them take any serious reading that would require a little effort and thought. The American Bible Society and the British and Foreign Bible Society see to the distribution of Scriptures. It is a question how much good can be done by colporteurs. The distances are great and travel not easy, and very expensive. The American Bible Society has one colporteur in connection with our Mission. The Bible Society calls him “Colporteur M ”— we speak of him as an “evangelist”— and so he is an evangelistic colporteur. This seems to us to be almost ideal, under the conditions that prevail here, if the right sort of men can be secured. The difficulty in this line of work, as in most others, is to secure men— qualified men— whose spirit and life will be of much value. The world offers too much to young men to-day, to find those who are able to do a simple work of love, and to bear the crosses and depriva­ tions of the simple life that must necessarily accompany it. However, with a little money, there might be found some men, down in Egypt, who would be willing to do this w ork; but a good effective colporteur is hard to find. To be effective, he must have rare qualities; but above all else, he must be able to stick to a hard job. There have been some tracts distributed, not included in the figures at the head of this report, and the usual Sabbath school leaflets. Not many in all, but the working of the Holy Spirit through these may do miracles in the life of many a hidden one. 266 Sudan— Summary of Statistics. SUMMARY OF STATISTICS, SUDAN 1 9 1 0 .

WORKERS. Missionaries. Ordained ...... 4 Medical ...... 1 Industrial ...... 2 Unmarried women ...... 2 Wives of missionaries ...... 5 Total missionaries ...... 14 Schools. Teachers—M en ...... 9 Women ...... 3 12

Evangelistic colporteur ...... 1 Missionary of Synod (ordained) ...... 1

Total workers ...... 28 EVANGELISTIC. Number of stations where services have been held 11 Church members— Men ...... ,...... 84 Women ...... 58 142

Attendance Sabbath morning ...... 2S1 Church contributions ...... $1,027.53 EDUCATIONAL. Number of schools—boys’ ...... 6 girls’ ...... 1 7

Number of pupils enrolled—Boys...... 534 Girls ...... 145

Total pupils ...... C79 Amount of fees for instruction ...... $1,472.04 Boarding ...... 226.50

Total ...... $1,698.54 MEDICAL. Number of patients treated— Khartum ...... 2,500 Doleib Hill ...... 3,650 6,150

Number of outside visits— Khartum ...... 400 Number of operations ...... 15 Number of in-patients ...... 20 Number of villages visited ...... 4 Total receipts ...... $1,500.00

BOOK DISTRIBUTION. Value. Scriptures sold ...... 116 $25.46 Religious books ...... 60 33.00 Educational ...... 3,300 340.00

Total ...... 3,476 $39S.4G

EXPENDED BY THE PEOPLE FOR ALL PURPOSES. Church contributions ...... $1,027.53 Educational ...... 1,698.54 Medical ...... 1,500.00 Books ...... 398.46

Total ...... $4,624.53 Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 267

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries . Names. Field. Entered Retirea Died.

Adams, Rev. C. C. Egypt. 1908 Adams, Mrs. Nellie << ! 1908 Alexander, Rev. J. R.,D.D. « i 1875 Alexander, Mrs. Came it 1876 Anderson, Rev. Wm. B. India. 1897 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. << 1897 Anderson, Rev. W. T. u 1891 Anderson, Mrs. Jean << 1891 Oct. 8, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. nee Parks.* Andrew, W. H. Trinidad. 1851 1861 Mar. 30, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt. 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. 1897 nee Brown.* Ballantyne, Rev. J. W. India. 1895 Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche C. 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad. 1843 1853 April 26,1859 I Syria 1846 1854 Barnett, Rev. James, D.D. I Egypt. 1854 1876 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. 1866 1875 Barr, Rev. James S., D.D. India. 1861 Barr, Mrs. Mary u 1861 May 1, 1905 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. i 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard tt ! 1902 Boyd, Mr6. Mary H. « |! 1902 Brandon, Rev. Wm. J. India. 1900 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian « 1900 Brown, Montrose M., M.D. u 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. tt 1905 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. it 1881 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. tt 1881 Campbell, Rev. E. E. 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace • « 1904 April 6, 1910 Campbell, Rev. J. G. t< 1909 Campbell, Mrs. Mabel Y. « 1 1909 1895 Carson, Rev. Ralph E. f Egypt. \ The Sudan. 1902 1909 Carson, Mrs. Clifford The Sudan. 1902 1909 Chambers, Rev. Hubert C. India. 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel F. C( 1903 Coventry, Rev, Wm. R. Egypt. 1900 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia B. (( 1900 Oct. 81, 1809 Crawford, Rev. John Syria. 1867 1878 ■’ 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. 1857 1878 - Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane (4 1896 Cummings, Rev. Thos. F. it 1890 1909 Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. it 1890 1909 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie it 1865 March 9,1866 Ewing, Rev. S. C., D.D. it 1860 April 3, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. it 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. it 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M.D., Egypt. 1906

* Married tn the Mission. See p. 27a, *73 268 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered Retired. Died. '

Finley, Mrs. Grace G. Egypt. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J. 1882 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. 1882 Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria. 1851 Aug. 30,1863 Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth U 1851 July 29, 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna U 1854 1863 Dec. 26, 1907 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. Egypt. 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. B. Morrison 1890 1907 Giffen, Mrs. Frances M. 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, D.D. 1875 Giffen, Mrs. Mary E. Oct. 16, 1881 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs. Elizabeth E. nee Newlin.* 1881 1900 Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D .D. Sudan. 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace {Egypt- 1881 1900 The Sudan. 1900 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D.D- India. 1856 Aug. 18, 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. it 1855 1888 Feb. 5,1900 Gordon, David Trinidad. 1843 Dec. 24,1844 Gordon, Mrs. ft 1843 1845 Gordon, Rev. David R. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. 1895 Gordon, Mr. James W. 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. 1866 1871 Grant, Andrew F., M.D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. ft 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B. Sudan 1908 Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D.D. 1866 Nov. 20,1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. 1865 Hattie, Alexander, M.D. Syria. 1857 1860 Henderson, Rev. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henry, Vellora M., M.D. 1891 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia 1891 Hickman, Prof. W. W. 1909 Hickman, Mrs. Alice E. 1909 Hill, Rev. R. A. „ India. 1866 1860 June 22, 1901 Hill, Mrs. tf 1866 1860 ' “ 9, 1876 Hogg, Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs. Maiy E. tt 1894 net Work.* Hogg, Rev. John, D.D. ft 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie ft 1860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays ft 1889 Hoyman, Mr. F. S. Egypt. 1909 Hunt, Rev. James G., D.D. 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. 1897 Johnston, D. R., M.D 1868 1876 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. 1868 1876 Kerr, George Trinidad. 1844 Dec. 16, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias Egypt. 1x89 Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta tt 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth 1895 1899 1

* Married in the Mission. See p. *72. 273. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 269

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Retired. Died.

Lambie, Thomas A., M.D. The Sudan 1907 Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte* << u 1909 f Syria. 1861 1857 Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D.D. { Egypt. 1857 Sept. 12, 1892 ( Syria. 1851 1857 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. \ Egypt. 1867 July 5, 1865 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26,1889 nee Dales* Lansing, Elmer E., M.D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1898 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. K 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. D. S. India. 1881 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. <( ■1881 1900 Me Arthur, Rev. J. A. India. 1904 McArthur, Mrs. Sue C.* U McCague, Rev. Thos. Egypt. 1864 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta 1854 1861 Mar. 24, 1902 McClanahan, Rev. Neal 1909 1861 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie S. 1909 McClenahan, Prof. Robt. S. 1897 McClenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W . L. 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. March 4,1906 nee Hogg.* McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27,1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. it 1897 McConnelee, Rev. John A. 1895 McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. (t 1896 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1906 McCreery, Mrs. Hannah* M

»Married in the Mission. See p, 272, 273. 270 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Enterea Retired, Died.

Morton, Rev. J. H. India. 1901 April 29,1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith 1901 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D.D Egypt. 1883 Oct. 15, 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia S. 1883 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 1860 1878 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. 1860 Sept. 27, 1867 Ncvin, Mrs. Kate »( 1871 1878 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 1874 1 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. »« 1874 1884 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. ti 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. 1889 July 17, 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. “ 1899 nee Jamieson.* Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 1901 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche U 1901 Oyler, Rev. D. S. The Sudan 1909 Patterson, Rev. J. F., M.D. Syria. 1872 1877 Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella McD “ 1872 1877 Pauldiug, J. G., M.D. Syria. 1845 1856 April 30, 1875 Paulding, Mrs. “ 1845 1856 Philips, Rev. H . E. Egypt. 1908 Philips,’ Mrs. Daisy *• 1908 Picken, Rev. Samuel S. India. 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary L. “ 1909 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. Egypt. 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia 1865 1869 1871 Pollock, A. W., M.D. « 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. << 1903 Porter, Rev. E. L. India. 1891 U Porter, Mrs. Jane L. 1891 March 7,1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L., “ 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm. L., ii 1905 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B. a 1905 Ranson, Rev. A. J. ii 1909 Ranson, Mrs. 1909 Reed, Rev. W. H. Egypt. 1895 Reed, Mrs. B. E. i. 1896 Rule, Rev. A. H. “ 1872 1878 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. “ 1872 1873 Russell, Prof. Chas. P., « 1907 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad. 1845 1846 Aug. 4, 1877 U Scott, Mrs. 1845 1846 Scott, Rev. T. L, India. 1874 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. ii 1874 Oct. 25, 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. it 1882 J Egypt- 1896 1908 Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. 1908 \ T h e Sudan. !1 Sowash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. * 1896 Sept. 4, 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 1908 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. India. 1856 1868 Sept. 20, 1879 Stevenson, Mrs. ii 1856 1868 Stewart, Rev. J. H. U 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia ti 1908 Stewart, Rev. Robert, D.D. ii 1881 Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. 1881 nee Johnston.* * Married in the Mission. See p. 272, 273. Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 271

A lphabetical L i s t o p M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

Names. Field. Entered. Died.

( Egypt. 1866 1876 Strang, Rev. David, D.D. 1 •* 1896 1906 1866 1876 Strang, Mrs. Gamella ( “ 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. Egypt. 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad. 1847 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. K 1906 Thompson, Rev. J. S. India. 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud f< 1894 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan 1906 Tidrick, Mrs. S. Luella tt a 1908 Walker, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 1904 Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M. »< 1905 nee McCrory ,* Watson, Rev. Andrew, D.D. 1861 Watson, Mrs. Margaret «< 1861 White, Rev. J. P. “ 1894 1900 White, Mrs. Anna May “ 1894 1900 Wilson, Charles A. “ 1905 Wilson, Mrs. Maude M. “ 1905 Work, Rev. S. A. “ 1904 Work, Mrs. S. A. 1906

* Married in the Mission. See p. 272, 273.

% 2 7 2 Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical List of M issionaries— Continued. Un m a rr ie d W om en . Names. Field. Entered Retired Died. Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 Anderson, Miss Emma D. U 1881 Atchison, Miss Alda £. Egypt. 1904 Barackman, Miss Anna M. The Sudan. 1909 Beatty, Miss Roma India. 1909 Bell, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A Trinidad. 1843 1845 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. 1893 Buchanan, Miss Lois India. 1910 Cabeen, Miss Ida L. Egypt. 1909 Campbell, Miss T. M. 1870 1878 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. 1884 Claney, Miss Charlotte J.* Egypt. 1905 1909 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 1903 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate,M. India. 1886 Cowden, Miss Mary H. ti 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle. Egypt, 1905 f Syria. 1854 1858 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* \ Egypt. 1858 Nov. 26, 1889 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickson, Miss Laureila G India. 1897 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M.D. Egypt. 1903 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 1891 1907 Ferrier, Miss Helen J. Egypt. 1900 Finney, Miss Minnehaha it 1894 f Syria. 1876 1877 Frazier, Miss Mary A. I Egypt. 1878 1893 French, Miss Elsie M. « 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 80, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 1875 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 1875 Oct. 16, 1881 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. 1903 May 16, 1906 Gilbakian,Miss Agavnie,M.D India. 1907 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. 1855 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella M. 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. 1881 1889 Given, Miss Annie F. 1886 1896 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. 1904 Hamilton, Miss Anna M. 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah 1861 June 28, Heston, Miss Winifred India. 1910 E. T „ M. D. Hill, Miss Kate A. it 1896 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* Egypt. 1887 March 4,1905 Hogg, Miss Rena L. U 1899 Hormel, Miss Margaret C. India. 1909 Jameson, Miss Flora J. Lndia. 1903 Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 Johnston, Miss Eliza F * 1869 1881 r *1______o x ' x f r\ A nril O. 1908 Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 273

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Mimes. i : , Field. Entered. Retired.] Died.

Kerr, Miss Mary Egypt. 1908 Kyle, Miss Ella O. 1883 Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Lawrence, Miss Elizabeth 1909 it Lawrence, Miss Mary A. 1893 Lawrence, Miss C. C., M D. Egypt. 1896 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. 1874 1878 June 6, 1882 Logan, Miss Mary E. India. 1891 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 1876 McCall, Miss Trinidad. 1851 1851 McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. 1908 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. 1900 McConaughy Miss Anna M. Egypt. 1903 McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. 1902 McCrory,Miss Elizabeth M* Egypt. 1905 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879 McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. 1889 McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1860 1894 Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C.* The Sudan. 1906 McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1896 Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol. E. 1906 Martin, Miss E. Josephine India. 1895 Martin, Miss Fannie C. 1896 Martin, Mi.ss Jennie E. 1906 Martin, Miss Mary R. 1890 Martin, Miss E. Roxy Egypt. 1901 Minger, Miss Emma M. India. 1902 Egypt. Mitchell, Miss Loretta A. II 1909 Mitchell, Miss Zella W. 1902 1906 Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 Morrison, Miss Jennie B. 1895 Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E.* Egypt. (( 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 1891 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. Egypt. 1907 Platter, Miss Mary A., M.D. India. 1894 1903 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora, 1902 M.D. Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1872 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt. 1878 1887 Strang, Miss Matilda 1886 1894 Teas, Miss Lizzie Dorcas 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. 1871 Underwood, Miss Alice B. 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. 1904 Watson, Miss Anna B., M.D. 1896 Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 1872 White, Miss Josephine L. 1884 White, Miss Maria, M.D. 1886 Miss Sue Cooper* 1906 W1 son, Miss Cynthia E. 1875 W1 son, Miss Margaret M. 1904 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. 1904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E * Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. 1904 v oung, Miss Susan A. India 1891 Jan. 15, 1908 * Married in the Mission. See p. 267-271. 274 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

TREASURER’S REPORT For year ending April 30th, ipn

RECEIPTS. Schedule A— Applicable pn the Appropriation ol the General Assembly— Presbyteries ...... $153,436 52 Sabbath Schools ...... 19,296 98 Individuals ...... 16,437 92 Young People’s Societies ...... 5,131 96 B equests ...... 17,445 87 Ladies' Missionary Societies ...... 609 10 Interest ...... I*527 64 Endowed Funds Income ...... 1,841 62 Miscellaneous Funds ...... 6,597 28 Total on Appropriation...... 5222,324 89 Schedule B— Womens’ Board, Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... $ 78,042 54 Schedule C.— Endowed Funds, Principal and Income and Miscellan­ eous Funds, Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly ...... 31,582 07 Schedule D.— Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation of the General Assembly ...... 1,438 05 Schedule E.— Investments and Loans, Not Applicable on the Appro­ priation o f th,e„ General A ssem bly ...... 27,181 05

Total from all sources ...... $360,568 60 Balance in Egypt from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 962 81 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year, merged into this year ...... 2,216 67 Balance April 30, 1910 ...... 26,414 37

$390,162 45

DISBURSEMENTS. Schedule A.— Egyptian Mission ...... $137,806 86 Schedule B.— India Mission ...... 117,928 61 Schedule C.— Sudan Mission ...... 33,850 54 Schedule D.— Expense of Missionaries outside of fields ...... 20,421 82 Schedule E.— ^ Miscellaneous Funds ...... 4,597 36 Schedule F.— Interest on Loans and Annuities ...... 3,256 17 Schedule G.— Administrative Expenses ...... 13,991 71 Schedule H.— Investments and Loans ...... 24,456 16 Total Disbursements ...... 5356,309 23 ' Balance held for Endowment and Special Fund ...... „■ Balance, General Fund, April 30, 1911 ...... 12,89» ^ $390,162 <5 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 275

3D E T A I L E ID ST^TIEIMIIEIISrT RECEIPTS. SCHEDULE A. Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly Sect. 1—From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... 153,436 52 Sabbath Schools ...... 19,296 98 Individuals ...... 16,437 92 Young People’s Societies ...... 5,131 96 Bequests ...... 17,445 87 Ladies- Missionary Societies ...... 609 10 Interest ...... 1,527 64 -$213,885 99 Sect. 2— From Endow ed Funds— Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund $ 58 95 James Junk Fund ...... 293 33 Ella Jane D ysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. & M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 James S. M cN ary Fund ...... 231 00 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterrit Memorial Fund ...... 28 57 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. M ack M em orial Fund ...... 54 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 485 77 Joseph and Eliza Barr M em orial F u n d ...... 114 00 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 120 00 James and Agnes Sankey Memorial Fund ___ 60 00 i:ev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Rohortsrn Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Robert Dunlap Trust Fund of the Second Church, Phila, P a...... 150 00 -$ 1,841 62 Sect. 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Sudan Fund ...... $ 2,815 00 New Missionaries Fund ...... 3,182 28 Matured Annuity Donation ...... 600 00 -$ 6,597 28 Total on Appropriation of the General As------sembly ...... $222,324 89

SCHEDULE B. WOMEN'S BOARD Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assem bly. Egyptian Missions— Salaries ...... $ 11,900 00 furlough Salaries ...... 1,170 00 Estimates ...... 13,535 00 Specials ...... '...... 862 10 Traveling Expenses ...... 105 84 India Mission— Salaries ...... 16,820 00 furlough Salaries ...... 2,130 00 Outfit Allowance ...... 100 00 Estimates ...... 13,971 00 bPecia>s ...... 6,562 97 1 raveling Expenses ...... 957 63 Sudan Mission— S*laries ...... 1.100 00 intimates ...... 5,225 00 specials ...... 3,603 00 ------$ 78,042 54 276 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer

SCHEDULE C. Endowed and Miscellaneous Funds— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the . General Assembly. Sect. 1—Endowed Funds, Principal— Annuity Fund ...... $ 2,100 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Mrs. Agnes A. Clark, Jessie and Mary Clark Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 Thos. S. and Mary J. McClanahan Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 ------$ 4,600 00

Sect. 2—Endowed Funds, Income— Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi Centennial Fund ...... 250 00 Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund...... $ 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 193 32 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund 506 61 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 54 66 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 868 03 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 63 22 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ..... 60 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,689 07 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 681 96 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 376 76 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund.. 252 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... — 285 00 Annuity Fund, General ...... 1,167 20 , Annuity Fund, Special ...... 558 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 ------$7,257 83

Sect. 3—Miscellaneous Funds— Semi-Centennial Fund ...... $ 1,270 09 Specials to E gypt ...... 869 60 Miss Ella O. Kyle’s School, Cairo...... 2,300 00 Special F un d for P rof. W . W . H ick m an 3,000 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 621 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 4,000 00 Library Endowment Fund Assiut College .. 50 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation District Board ...... 30 00 Berba Egypt Building Loan ...... 250 00 Specials to India ...... 2,053 34 India Famine Orphan Fund ...... 50 00 Dr. M. M. Brown’s Home, Sargodha 748 53 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 200 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1,065 54 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 65 60 Sudan Orphanage ...... 1,411 54 Special Fund for New Missionaries, 1911- 1912 ...... 763 25 Robert Arthington Donation ...... 485' 75 Women’s Board for Account, Los Angeles Presbytery ...... 500 00 ------$ 19,724 24*

% 31,582 07 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

SCHEDULE D. Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. 1910—May 14 ...... $ 433 00 May 19 ...... 210 00 June 3 ...... 116 50 June 6 ...... 10 00 June 17 ...... 1 10 July 25 ...... 10 00 October 31 ...... 500 00 December 5 ...... 157 45 $1,438 05

SCHEDULE E. Investments and Loans— Not Applicable on the Appropriation of the General Assembly. Matured Mortgages ...... $ 11,800 00 Loans ...... 15,381 05 ------$27,181 05

DISBURSEMENTS. SCHEDULE A. Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for E gyptian A c c o u n t .. .$117,394 34 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 739 50 Special Fund fo r P rof. W . W . H ickm an ----- 3,000 00 Specials to E gypt ...... 2,509 91 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage .... 506 61 Pressly M em orial Institute ...... 406 76 Miss Ella O. K yle’s School, C airo...... 2,300 00 Gibson Trust F und ...... 1,689 07 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 193 32 Campbell B. H erron M em orial Fund ...... 252 00 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 54 66 Eliza J. Dales M em orial Fund ...... 60 00 Rev. John B. Dales, D .D ., Sem i-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Saw yer M em orial Fund ...... 285 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund, In­ come ...... 500 00 Robt. Dw ight F oster M em orial F u n d ...... 60 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., Memorial Fund 30 00 Robert Wood Lynn Memorial Bed, Assiut Hospital ...... 50 00 New School, Alexandria ...... 621 00 Virginia M. Haney Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Allegheny Nile Mission Boat ...... 4,000 00 Library Endowment Fund, Assiut College... 50 00 Assiut College L oan ...... 2,000 00 Special Fund for N ew M issionaries, 1910- 1911, paid Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Moore 706 77 ------$137,806 86 278 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

S C H E D U L E B. India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account ...... $103,581 00 . Semi-Centennial Fund ...... , 778 00 ' Specials to India ...... 9,713 95 India Famine Orphans ...... 50 00 For Account Board of Foreign Missions of the A ssociate R eform ed P resbyterian C h u rch .. 1,438 05 Dr. M. M. Brown’s Home, Sargodha ...... 972 58 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 868 03 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 202 00. Rev. John B. Dales, D.D., Semi-Centennial Fund A...... : ...... 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Building ...... 200 00 -$117,928 61

SCHEDULE C. Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account ...... ? 26,758 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 4,668 54 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 683 64 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat ...... 65 60 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 63 22 Robert Arthington Fund ...... 200 00 Sudan Orphanage ...... 1,411 54 ------$ 33,850 54

SCHEDULE D. Expense of Missionaries outside of fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries ...... $ 5,717 52 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Missionaries.. 1,782 55 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries ___ 999 42 Outfits, India Missionaries ...... 300 00. Furlough Salaries, India Missionaries ...... 4,807 76 Furlough Salaries, E gyptian M ission a ries... 4,927 75 Furlough Salaries, Sudan Missionaries ...... 1,271 82 Children of India Missionaries ...... 100 00 Children of Egyptian Missionaries ...... 365 00 Children of Sudan Missionaries ...... 150 00 -$ 20,421 82

SCHEDULE E. Miscellaneous Funds— Samuel Kerr Fund, Annuity Interest...... $ 373 00 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust... 102 00 Legal Expenses ...... 117 00 T axes ...... 6 65 E m ergency Fund ...... 426 75 Special Allowance Mrs. J. H. Morton .. 1,050 00 Language Study Expenses ...... 50 00 New Wilmington -Conference ...... 30 00 Women’s Board Account of Los Angeles Presbytery ...... 500 00 Tuition Allowance Rev. Thos. F. Cummings 40 00 i R efund to W om en ’s B oard B alance in India 1,472 67 * Special Sabbath School Literature ...... 429 29 $4*697 36

SCHEDULE F. Interest— On L oans ...... $ 1.488 97 On Annuities, General ...... 1,167 20 On Annuity, Special ...... 600 00 $3,256 17 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 27$

SCHEDULE G. Administrative E xpenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $ 2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary and Expenses Associate Secretary.. 2,484 39 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary 1,915 23 Clerical Allowance, Treasurer ...... 600 00 L a ym en ’s Missionary Campaign Traveling Expenses ...... 104 45 Printing, Postage, Rent, Office and General Expenses 5,887 64 $13,991 71

SCHEDULE H. * Investments . $ 13,100 00 Loans Repaid 11,356 16 $24,456 16

INDEBTEDNESS. Due Reserve Fund $43,374 52 Due by M issions, e tc $ 3,400 67 Outstanding Loans 30,000 00 Cash B alance ...... 12,899 82 ------Deficit April 30, 1911...... 57,074 03 280 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer.

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, APRIL 30, 1911. First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila...... S2 500 nn 219 S. L e x St., Philadelphia ...... 4,m oo 5010 Franklin St., F rankford, Phila. .. 3,500 00 5024 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila. .. 3,500 00 1122 Fillmore St., Frankford, Phila 2,000 00 N. E. cor. Howard & Palmer Sts., Phila. 30.000 00 Carroll County, Ohio ...... 1,920 00 Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. ___ .. 3,300 00 Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa. ... 4,000 00 West Park, McKees Rocks, Pa 1,250 00 Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2,500 00 Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa... 1,200 00 Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa... 1,400 00 B ayne A ve., .¡Bellevue, P a ...... 2,500 00 Orchard St., Esplen, Pa ...... 2,500 00 Carrick St.,: Carrick, Pa ...... 3,500 00 Linwood Ave., Crafton, Pa...... 3,500 00 Chatsworth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1,600 00 A St., Qakmont, Pa ...... 3,000 00 Espy Ave., Mt. Lebanon, Pa...... 4,000 00 Heisel St., Homestead, Pa...... 6,000 00 Jackson St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 Tacoma St., 21st Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa...... 3,000 00 Main St., Allegheny, Pa ...... 1,000 00 Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 Meadowgrove, Nebraska ...... 600 00 Meadowgrove, Nebraska ...... 700 00 Ridge & Monroe Aves., Chartiers Township, Pa ...... 3,500 00 Freeland St., 18th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,800 00 Stanton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... ' 1,400 00 Sycamore St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 2,500 00 Briar Cliff Road, 14th Ward, Pitts- b u ^ h , P a...... 4,000 00 Creston/r Nebraska ...... 8,000 00 Perrysville & Prospect Aves., Ben Avon, P a ...... 3,600 00 Bellair© Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 3,500 00 Mathilda & Yew Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa.. 1,500 00 Hillsboro St., 20th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa. 1,200 00 Perrysville Ave., Pittsburgh, N. S., Pa. 3,000 00 Property 231 S. Lex St., Philadelphia ...... Farmland, Morgan County, Colorado ...... West Penn Railways Bond No. 4239 ...... - ...... 1,000 00 West Penn Railways Bond No. 4240 ...... 1,000 00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 708 ...... 500 00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond No. 709 ...... 500 00 Three Shares Capital Stock Citizen’s Trust Co., Canonsburg, Pa... U. S. B ond ...... 500 00 The above investments represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be invested. Many of .the investments were made by the donors and turned over to our Board. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

Philadelphia, May 6th, 1911. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. Gentlem en: I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts and vouchers 01 Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30th, 1911, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities anil investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. ' Respectfully submitted, JOHN A. STEWART, Auditor. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 2È1

detailed statement of treasurer.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS.

From May lit. igro to April 3 0 th, i g u .

PRESBYTERIES. Albany ...... $2,808 67 L e Claire ...... 380 77 Allegheny ...... Los Angeles ...... 2,698 87 Argyle ...... M ansfield ...... 1,083 92 Arkansas Valley ...... M ercer ...... 2,791 80 Beaver Valley ...... 1,796 07 M onm outh ...... 5,194 61 Big Spring ...... Monongahela ...... 20,888 58 Boston ...... - ...... M uskingum ...... 3,183 94 Brookville ...... 491 43 New Jersey ...... 920 37 Butler ...... N ew Y ork ...... 1,021 15 Caledonia ...... Ohio First ...... 2,333 31 Cedar Rapids ...... 2,194 95 O klahom a ...... 167 76 Chartiers ...... 7,546 55 Om aha ...... 1,684 11 Chicago ...... 1,904 02 O regon ...... 994 68 Cleveland . . . * ...... 2,869 61 P aw n ee ...... 1,818 54 College Springs ...... , .. 2,590 54 Philadelphia ...... 5,938 78 Colorado ...... Pittsburgh ...... 328 10 Concordia ...... Puget Sound ...... 715 42 Conemaugh ...... 2,050 16 Rock Island ...... 2,467 94 Delaware ...... 2,488 06 San Francisco ...... 1,607 15 Des Moines ...... 1,227 75 Sidney ...... 1,235 36 Detroit ...... 1,174 35 Spokane ...... 478 00 Frankfort ...... 1,757 76 Stam ford ...... 16100 Garnett ...... 1,493 26 Steubenville ...... 2,828 42 Idaho ...... 403 00 Tennessee 631 88 Illinois, Central ...... 1,046 00 T exas ...... 191 85 Illinois, Southern ...... 3,323 00 Vermont .... 289 73 Indiana ...... 1,673 07 Westmoreland 4,488 35 Indiana, N orthern 154 75 W heeling ___ 4,324 00 Iowa, N orthwestern .. 440 80 Wisconsin ... 738 96 Kansas City ...... 1,2 01

SABBATH Second W ilkinsburg, P a ... $367 41 Fourth Cleveland, O hio __ 60 00 Seventh Philadelphia, Pa.. 250 00 Mt. Washington, Pa ...... 50 00 Germantown, Philadelphia, First Detroit, Mich...... 50 00 -to...... 218 51 First Cleveland, O., Birth­ Sixth Pittsburgh, P a ...... 207 37 day Offerings ...... 50 00 Norris Square, P hiladel­ West, Philadelphia, Pa. .. 48 00 phia, Pa. . . . ; ...... 200 00 ! Unity, Ohio ...... 45 00 Second Philadelphia, Pa.. 200 00 i First Seattle, Wash ...... 43 95 Oak Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 192 50 j First Portland, Ore., Red North Philadelphia, Pa. .. 174 00 | and Blue Contest ...... 42 32 Fifth Philadelphia, Pa. ... 130 00 Dales Memorial, Philadel­ Bellevue, P a...... 100 07 phia, P a ...... 30 62 Johnstown, N. Y ...... 100 00 Caledonia, Indiana ...... 28 00 Harvard Heights, Los An­ Bast Side Everett, Wash. 26 00 geles, Cal...... 100 00 Scotland, Indiana ...... 25 31 Minden, N e b ...... 95 00 Lebanon, Pa ...... 25 00 Florida, N ew Y ork 88 00 j Firât Baltimore, Md...... 25 00 Atlantic Ave., McKeesport, i Emsworth, Ben Avon, Pa., ta., Organized Bible Class No. 3 ...... 25 00 Class ...... 80 00 ! South Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 25 00 Eighth Philadelphia,'' £¿.7. 75 00 Columbus City, Iowa ...... 25 00 Albany, New York ...... 73 00 Mrs. Fannie Brooks’ Class, Mrs Mary Porter Kyle’s Huntsville, Ohio ...... 25 00 Class, First M onm outh, Paschall Ave., Philadel­ 72 60 phia, Pa...... 25 00 282 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasure

High Ridge, Ohio ...... 24 00 Chartiers Presbytery .... 462 13 Twelfth Philadelphia, Pa.. 22 62 Chicago Presbytery ...... 232 90 Jacksonville, Pa...... 21 71 Cleveland Presbytery ___ 162 11 Third Pittsburgh, Pa. .... 20 82 College Springs Presby­ Harrisville, Ohio ...... 20 00 tery ...... 1,248 04 Indianola, Iowa ...... 20 00 Colorado Presbytery ...... 842 18 West Union, Pa ...... 17 66 Conemaugh Presbytery .. 138 07 North Ave., Baltimore, Delaware Presbytery .... 362 66 M d...... 16 50 Des Moines Presbytery ... 939 06 Conemaugh, Pa ...... 16 00 Detroit Presbytery ___ _ 112 62 Homer City, Pa. — ...... 14 00 Frankfort Presbytery ----- 101 03 West Fairfield, Pa, ...... 14 00 Idaho Presbytery ...... 36 00 Paterson, New Jersey .... 11 30 Illinois Central Presbytery. 60 03 Ryegate, Vermont ...... 11 10 Illinois Southern Presby­ “Bible Class” ...... 10 00 tery ...... 332 58 Mrs. Ashenhurst’s Class, Indiana Northern Presby­ Viola, 111...... 8 45 tery ...... 141 78 Little Muskingum, Ohio .. 7 00 Kansas City Presbytery .. 253 89 C&mp Creek Mission, Tenn. 7 00 Keokuk * Presbytery ...... 60 78 First Sewickley, Pa., Kiskiminetas Presbytery . 5 00 Third Year Junior Class Lake Presbytery ...... 30 65 of Girls ...... 6 75 Le. Claire Presbytery ----- 226 46 Romeo, Colo...... 5 50 Los Angeles Presbytery.. 80 55 Miss Mabel Aiken’s Class, Mansfield Presbytery ----- 59 45 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 5 25 Mercer Presbytery ...... 366 55 Fairhill, Philadelphia, Pa.. 5 00 Monongahela Presbytery . 1,717 16 Piper City. Illinois ...... 6 00 Muskingum Presbytery .. 366 83 Sharon, Pa., Primary Dept. 5 00 New Jersey Presbytery.. 126 70 Octoraro, Pa ...... 4 .60 New York Presbytery,... 554 07 Fairfax, Iowa, Mission ... 4 17 Ohio First Presbytery .. 705 24 Johnstown, N. Y., Pri­ Oklahoma Presbytery ... 43 85 m ary D ept...... 2 00 Omaha Presbytery ------20 00 Le Roy. Indiana ...... 1 00 Pawnee Presbytery ...... 54 96 Allegheny Presbytery 995 98 Rock Island Presbytery.. 26 00 Argyle Presbytery ...... 699 65 Sidney .Presbytery ...... 375 93 B eaver V alley P resbytery. 641 74 Steubenville Presbytery . 893 78 Big Spring Presbytery .... 489 15 Westmoreland Presbytery. 342 38 Boston Presbytery ...... 294 39 W isconsin Presbytery ... 36 00 B rookville P resbytery . . . . 101 00 Xenia Presbytery ...... 296 81 B utler Presbytery ...... 89 33 Caledonia Presbytery 294 20 $19,296 98 Cedar Rapids Presbytery . 173 52 INDIVIDUALS. Mr. A. R eynolds B ickett. $2,000 00 A Friend of Missions, New Mr. T. C. M cC rea ...... 1,000 00 Castle, Pa...... 1 1 2 00 One who is interested in Andrew Maxwell, gift ----- 111 50 H is W ork ...... 950 00 Friend of India, Harris­ Missionary Prayer League, ville, P a ...... 1 0 2 00 per Geo. M. Paden, A Friend, per Rev. J. M. T reasurer ...... - ...... 856 66 Atchinson, D.D ...... 100 00 Allegheny Seminary Y. M. Mr. A. K. Mack ...... 100 00 C. A ...... 530 00 “J. B.” Davenport, N. Y. 100 00 Two Friends, Allegheny, Rev. J. M. Adair ...... 100 00 P a...... 400 00 A Contributor, Jersey City, Mr. Hans Hansen ...... 400 00 N. J...... 100 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Wilson. 400 00 Mr. T. F. Leach ...... 100 00 Refund, Peck and Hills Co. 385 55 Mr. John Watson ...... 100 00 Miss Ruth Junk ...... 310 00 Mrs. D. E. K ellogg ...... 100 QO Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser 300 00 Mr. J. S. A dair ...... 100 00 Friends of Missions, Mt. A Friend of Missions, Los Pleasant, Pa...... 300 00 Angeles, Cal. : ...... 100 00 Refund Egyptian Account. 278 33 Mr. William Wright ----- 100 00 Misses Helen and Jeanette Mrs. Lizzie J. McCornack. 100 00 M cG ow an ...... 251 00 A Friend, Camden, Ohio. 100 00 A Friend of Missions, Gar- Miss’ Jean K. Denham.. 100 00 rattsville, N. Y ...... 250 00 Mrs. Ada Pringle ...... 80 00 “Glad Tidings” ...... 230 57 Tarkio, Mo.. Congregation 72 16 “Thank Offering,” Wheel­ A Friend, New Castle, Pa. 65 00 ing Presbytery ...... 200 00 A Friend, Pattersonville, 65 00 Mr. William Hamilton .. 200 00 N...... Mr. Robert Johnston ----- 200 00 “ S. M .” ...... 65 00 Messrs. J. K. Morrison & Individuals, Steubenville 57 50 Sons ...... 150 00 Presbytery ...... 55 00 Annual Report Account.. 183 79 Rev. W. M. McKelvey..- M r: and Mrs. C. T . F ull- A Friend, per Rev. J. w. 00 w ood ...... 125 00 Witherspoon, D.D ...... 50 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 283

A Friend, Pittsburgh, Pa. 50 00 f Mr. Geo. M. Paden ...... 25 00 Mrs. Christiana D. Barr. 50 00 Mrs. Geo. M. Paden ...... 25 00 Trustees Rafferty Trust Mrs. J. W . H om er ...... 25 00 Fund, Second Allegheny, Y Z ** 25 00 Pa ...... 50 00 Miss A. F. Cooke 24 75 Mr. J. C. P alm er ...... 50 00 “In Memoriam.” ...... 24 00 A Friend of Missions, In­ General Expense Refund.. 21 82 gram, Pa...... 50 00 First Church, East Liver- Mrs. David W ylie ...... 50 00 pool, Ohio...... 21 00 Mr. Allyn C. Douglas, per Dr. L. M. Henry ...... 20 55 Mrs. J. N. R oss ...... 50 00 Rev. R. M. Russell, D.D., The Davidson Family, in L L. D ...... 20 00 Memory of Father and A Friend, per Rev. W. B. Mother ...... 50 00 A nderson ...... 20 00 Mr. William Riddell ------50 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. Miss Lila D. Green ...... 50 00 Anderson ...... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. Chas. E. Mr. John Lamont ...... 20 00 Hoyman ...... 50 00 Mr. S. W. Boyd ...... 20 00 A Friend of Missions, Van­ Miss Jennie B. Wallace .. 20 00 derbilt, P a...... 50 00 Mr. Oscar L. Jackson ____ 20 00 Lincoln, Nebraska, C ongre­ Mr. Alexander Sheriff ... 20 00 gation ...... 50 00 Mr. James Archer ...... 20 00 “Three Friends of Mis­ A Friend, New Concord, sions.’" ...... 50 00 Ohio ...... 20 00 Rev. Thos. M. C halm ers. 60 00 A Friend, Tarkio, M o.... 20 00 Estate of James Rafferty, Rev. J. S. and Z. J. T urn- Income ...... 47 39 bull ...... 20 00 San Jose, California, Con­ West Union Church, gregation ...... 47 35 Brownsville, 111...... 17 50 Atlanta, Georgia, C ongre­ A Friend of Missions, gation ...... 46 25 Keffer, Pa ...... 17 00 “ Seven Friends,” per M iss L. Lake, Thank Offering. 16 00 Anna A. Milligan ----- 43 50 Miss Bella A. 1 Buck ...... 15 00 Mrs. Lurancy E. Pogue.. 40 00 Mr. J. Campbell White.. 15 00 Mrs. Mary J. W a tt ...... 40 00 Mr. D. G. C ath cart...... 15 00 Mr. A. M cA rthur ...... 40 00 Mr. D. M. Gilchrist ...... 15 00 Mrs. Margaret McCready. 40 00 A Friend, Cambridge, Miss Sarah M cF a r la n d ----- 40 00 M ass...... 15 00 Miss Nancy I. M cFarland 40 00 Mr. F. J. McTate ...... 15 00 A Friend of Missions, R. “Unknown,” per Rev. A. D., New Castle, P a...... 40 00 g . Wallace, D.D., LL. D. 15 00 Vernon, W isconsin, C on­ A Friend, Far Rockaway, gregation ...... 40 00 N . Y ...... , ...... 15 00 Individuals, Tennessee Two Friends, Marissa, 111. 15 00 Presbytery ...... 38 00 “W. C.” ...... 15 00 Refund Traveling E x ­ Röv. N. Weingart ...... * 15 00 penses ...... 37 52- Maps ...... 14 33 Mr. W . J. A dam s ...... 35 00 , Rev. A. H. Griffith...... 14 15 Mr. J. J. M cK night . . . . 35 00 Miss Anna A. Milligan and Mr. Robt. H. Leiteh .... 30 00 fam ily ...... 12 50 Miss C. B. M cF e a tte rs,. 30 00 Sabbath School Literature 12 46 Mrs. S. W . Cam pbell----- 30 00 First Church, Martins Fer- Mr. J. M. Sem bow er___ 30 00 ry, Ohio ...... 12 05 A Friend of Missions, Mr. Isaac F. Moore. ----- 11 73 Summerfleld, Kansas .. 30 00 Friend of Missions, Mrs. Nannie M. K noblock. 30 00 Freeport, Ohio ...... 10 60 F. M. Light and Power Co. 30 00 Miss E. Louise Read ------10 00 Mrs. M. J. M aley __ ... 25 00 a Friend of Missions, Mr. & Mrs. H . T. M c- Cherry Fork, Ohio ----- 10 00 Garey ...... 25 00 Mrs. Robert Roulston ____ 10 00 Mr. T. S. F razer ...... 25 00 Rev. James Y. Boice _ 10 00 Miss W inifred H enry . . . . 25 00 Miss Anna B. Fraser...... 10 00 Mrs. A. G. W allace . . . . 25 00 Mr. Thomas Moffett ----- 10 00- Mr. Matthew E. Coie...... 25 00 Mr. H enry S cott ...... 10 00 Friend, Morning Sun, Iowa. 25 00 Mrs. Chauncey Murch ----- 10 0Ü Mr. J. s. H oven ...... 25 00 Mrs. Sarah P. Wallace.. 15 00 Kev. James G. Reed, R e ­ Miss Jennie B. Rutherford. 10 00 formed Presbyterian A Friend of Missions, Mon- Church ...... 25 00 mouth, 111...... 10 00 Mr. Daniel Giffen"7.' 25 00 Fredericksburg, Ohio, Con- Mr. John R. McLean.... 25 00 gregation ...... 10 00 Mr. & Mrs. G. A. S le n tz .. 25 00 Miss Zella Crawford ...... 10 00 }£• J- H. stavely ...... 25 00 Mrs. Margaret Anderson. 10 00 Mr. P. N. Smith ...... 25 00 | Mr. Clyde Copeland...... 10 00 aTia Mrs. M. C. R am - ! Mrs. Elizabeth A. Moore. 10 00 aiey ...... 25 00 Mr. & Mrs. A. G. Reed.. 10 00 A City ""in f •^tiss^ons« P iper Miss Isabella M. Hamilton 10 00 25 00 2§4 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasured.

Mrs. Martha I. Timerson. 10 00 Romeo, Colo., Y. P. C. U. Mrs. J. B. McClelland___ 10 00 and W . M. S...... 6 00. Rev. James G. Hunt, D.D. 10 00 Rev. W. H. McMaster, Miss Janet M. Lambie___ 10 00 Ph. D...... 6 00 Rev. James A. Grier, D.D., Mrs. Minerva Ferguson L L. D...... 10 00 and Son ...... 6 00 Miss S. Nettie Robertson. 10 00 C. and Isabell Munroe... 6 00 Mrs. Sarah S. Laing and Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... € 00 fam ily ...... 10 00 Living Lake, Iowa, Cong 5 50 Miss Louise Sebring .... 10 00 A Friend of Missions, Har- Friends of Missions, Ven­ risville, Pa...... 5 50 ice Church, Canonsburg, S. R. C oyner ...... 5 20 P a ...... 10 00 Miss Jennie McKee ___ 5 00 Mr. C. J. C rom bie ...... 10 00 Mrs. Ella W. Thompson. 5 00 Rev. J. B. Galloway ...... 10 00 Rev. R. C. Finney and Mrs. Mary Banker ...... 10 00 friends ...... 5 00 Second Church, Indiana, Mrs. M. C. R e a v e s ...... 5 00 P a ...... 10 00 Miss Lulu Fisher ...... 5 00 M r. S. I. Caldwell ...... 10 00 Mr. S. R. L ov e ...... 5 00 Mr. John Elliott ...... 10 00 Bluestone, Va., Freedman’s Mrs. Jennie E. Quay...... 10 00 M ission ...... 5 00 A Friend, Northwood, Ohio 10 00 A Friend, Lawrence, Mass. 5 00 Mr. E. M. Allen ...... 10 00 Miss Emma Wists ...... 5 00 Miss Elsie M. Raitt ___ 10 00 Miss Lizzie Brow n ...... 5 00 Rev. H. L. Leeper...... 10 00 Miss Sadie Brown ...... 5 00 Mr. John P. Aikin ...... 10 00 Rev. Jas. H. Grier ...... 5 00 A Friend, Fort Recovery, Mrs. E. B. Harris ...... 5 00 Ohio ...... 10 00 E. R. Montzingo, M.D... 5 00 A Friend, Sarasota, Florida 10 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D.D., A Friend of Missions, M em orial, ...... 5 00 Adena, Ohio ...... 10 00 Mrs. Lydia R. Harris .... 5 00 Mr. J. C. R eed ...... 10 00 Mrs. A. S. A b b e y ...... 5 00 Mr. D. E. Kane ...... 10 00 A Friend of Missions, Mrs. Warren Mayo ...... 10 00 Lisbon, N. Y...... 5 00 Mr. D. M. Shontz...... 10 00 Rev. H. M. Tyndall, Mrs. W. W. Sanders...... 10 00 S. T. D ...... 5 00 Mrs. D. Anderson ...... 10 00 Friend of Monmouth, 111... 5 00 Rev. R. G. Campbell, D.D. 10 00 Mrs. Edith G. M ille r .... 5 00 Miss Rena G. Stewart.... 10 00 A Friend, Cassville/ Ohio. 5 Ofr Mr. Archie MacKeigan... 10 00 Rev. F. B. Murch ...... 5 00 A Friend, Monmouth, 111.. 10 00 Mr. Samuel Huston ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Bor­ Prof. W. L. Porter...... 5 00 land . : ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Boice. 5 00 Miss Mae Marshall ...... 10 00 Mr. John Broatch ...... 5 00 Mrs. Cyrus E. Work ...... 10 00 Mr. Robert Knight ...... 5 00 R ev. and Mrs. J. C. H anley 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hutton. 5 00 J. C. Currie ...... 10 00 Mr. Z. T. Hastings and K. W. Cleland ...... 10 00 fam ily ...... 5 00 Mr. William Hamil ...... 10 00 M iss E. M. B oaz ...... 5 00 F g " 10 00 Mr. Byron Linn ...... 5 00 Dr. J. S. M cC a m p b eli... 10 00 “In His Name,” Pa;wnee Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Mc­ City, N ebr...... 5 00 K enzie ...... 10 00 Mr. A. M. F orsythe ----- 5 00 Four Members of the U. P. Miss Virginia B. Hays.. 5 00 Church, San Diego, Cal. 10 00 Mr. Clarence Stewart ----- 5 00 Miss Minnie G. W hite.... io 00 Mr. J. Cf. H ein rich ...... 5 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson ___ 10 00 Miss Maggie A. MeCollam. 5 00 Mr. John B. Kerr ...... 10 00 Miss Margaret H. Moore- Miss M. Bertha Houston. 10 00 head ...... 5 00 Mr. Homer Coppock ___ 8 00 Rev. W. D. and M. Ewing 5 00 Individuals, Lake Presby­ Mrs. Julia Cunningham ----- 5 00 tery ...... 8 00 Miss Ella Junk ...... 5 00 Miss Anna Duncan ...... 8 00 Mrs. James Archer ...... 5 00 Two Friends of Missions, Mrs. M. E. Pappino.... 5 00 Chicago, 111...... 8 00 A Member of the U. P. Mrs. W . G- M allett ...... 7 50 C hurch ...... 5 00 Superior, Nebraska, Cong. 7 40 Rev. and Mrs. W. F. Mr. Paul J. Smith ...... 7 00 Graham ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. M. Gordon and Rev. H. B. and L. J- Daughter, N, Margaret T urner ...... 5 00 G ordon ...... Rev. James D. Lytle ----- 5 00 Miss Margaret E. McMIllen A Friend of Missions, Bentley, Kans...... 5 00 “Anonymously,” Grove 5 00 Mrs. A. M. Hogue ...... City, P a ...... 5 00 Mr. W . A . W alk er ...... ‘ M iss A da M. Cooke ----- “M. P. G.” ...... 5 00 Rev. M. M. Marling .... 5 00 Mrs. J. C. D oty ...... Miss Sara M. B ell...... Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 285

Miss Adah H u ghes ...... 5 00 Mr. Chas. B. McGahan.. 3 00 Miss Nannie M e K e e h a n ... 5 00 A Friend, Washington, Pa. 3 00 Mrs. J. W . W e lc h 5 00 Rev. A. J. and Nelle Seigle 3 00 Mi- Ward McAllister ----- 5 00 Mr. T. M. Berry hill...... 3 00 A Friend of Missions, St. To help meet the obliga­ John, K ans...... 5 00 tions of the Foreign Miss B. M abon ...... 5 00 Board, Indiana, P a...... 3 00 Mr R- P- L eslie ...... 5 00 "Dick Family.” ...... 3 00 Bev. J. T. M cCrory, D.D . 5 00 Mrs. Mary K Stewart.... 3 00 A United Presbyterian, A Friend of Missions, Commerce, Mich...... 5 00 Bast Palestine, Ohio... 3 00 Mr. W. C. L a tim e r...... 5 00 India Refund ...: ...... 2 59 Williammette, Oregon, Mrs. Jennie Bleakney .... 2 50 Congregation ...... 5 00 Miss Lyda F. Lantz ___ 2 50 Mr and Mrs. J. W . Rose, Miss Bell Scott ...... 2 00 Dorothy Rose and little A Friend of the Cause, sister ...... *> JjO Torrington, Wyo ...... 2 00 Mr W. M. C alvert 5 00 Mr. Andre,w J. Patterson. 2 00 Mr! Alfred M. Laing 5 00 Mr. J. Allen B a rr...... 2 00 Rev. A. S. A ik e n ...... 5 00 Misses Henrietta and Belle A Friend, McKees Rocks, T aylor ...... 2 00 Pa...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. M. Mrs. Robert Calvin Leeper 5 00 W elch ...... 2 00 Miss Eleanore W . F rech t- “Two Students,” Alle­ ling ...... 5 00 gheny, P a ...... 2 00 Miss Glenn O. H en derson. 5 00 Miss Nette Castor ...... 2 00 Mrs. John M cC rory ...... 5 00 “J. F.” and A Friend .. 2 00 Mr. W . P. B arr ...... 5 00 Mrs. James B. Lambie.. 2 00 Mr. W . M. L o g a n ...... 5 00 Mrs. S. N. Craig ...... 2 00 Mr.Robert W . S m ith 5 00 Mrs. Elliott and Miss Mary Miss Jean B. T in k e r 5 00 E lliott ...... 2 00 Mrs. Kate Ogelvie ...... 5 0u A Friend, Washington, Miss Esther W . W ils o n .. 5 00 Iow a ...... 2 00 Miss Marion A. P a d e n .... 5 00 “Two Friends of the Miss Jeannette R alston .. 5 00 Cause,” Butler, Pa ...... 2 00 Mrs. M. L. M cC lenahan.. 5 00 Mrs. E. E. Cooley ...... 2 00 Miss Lydia B. C h apm an .. 5 00 Miss Mary B. Shields... 2 00 Miss Ida H. F in le y 5 00 Mrs. Wm. Henry Bretney. 2 00 Mrs. J. P. M atth ew s 5 00 Miss Edna Woods ...... 2 00 Mr. E. E. • K en n ed y 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. John Neel. 2 00 Rev. H. Q. G raham 5 00 Mrs. R. A. Russell ...... 2 00 Mr. James W . G ilm ore...,. 5 00 Miss Ella McKinley...... 2 00 Miss Eliza E h in ger...... 5 00 “A Friend,” Flora, 111...... 2 00 Mr. Chas. R. H a n n a 5 00 Mrs. Loretta M. Jewell.. 2 00 A Friend, Ireton, Iowa.. 5 00 “A Friend of the Cause,” Mr. A. M. N ick le ...... * 5 00 per Rev. C. R. W atson, Mr. J. A. P un ten ey 5 00 D.D ...... 2 00 Rev. Jas. F. Le Clere.. .. 5 00 “ I. D. K .” ...... 2 00 Mr. J. A. C leland...... 5 00 Miss J. H opping ...... 2 00 Mr. Kirk Phelps ...... 5 00 M iss J. U chitvl ...... 2 00 Miss Catherine J. D ickie. 5 00 Mrs. Mary M. Ferguson Mrs. Herman M iller ----- 5 00 and Daughter ...... 2 00 Miss Anna M. H en derson .. 5 00 “A Friend,” Viola, Kansas 2 00 Mrs. J. F. H a n n a ...... 5 00 Mrs. R. M. K in g ...... 2 00 Fairfax, Iowa, Cong 5 00 Mr. Scott Aitchison ...... 2 00 A Friend of Missions, R ev. W . S. Sm ith ...... 2 00 Le Claire, I o w a ...... 5 00 Miss S. E. M arshall___ 2 00 Mr. W illiam H utton ...... 5 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. R. Crow 2 00 Mr. H. C. Stew art ...... 5 00 Mrs. W. P. Jamison___ 2 00 Miss Anna M. B eckw ith. 5 00 Miss Elizabeth Seaton .... 2 00 Mr. Wm. J. Carson ...... 5 00 “A Friend,” Bellevue, Pa. 2 00 Mr. W. Patterson ...... 4 12 “Friends,” per Mr. R. L. Amity, Ohio, Cong...... * 4 00 W ilson ...... 2 00 Misses A nissa & Burdella Mrs. Mary Denny ...... 2 00 Giften ...... 4 00 Mr. J. R. M cllro y ...... 2 00 Fairgrove Friends, Fair- Mr. W. L. Park ...... 2 00 srove, Mich...... 4 00 “A Friend,” New Sheffield, Anonymous, Bellevue, Pa.. 4 00 Pa...... 2 00 Mr. E. M. Bell ...... 3 50 Mr. Peter Plantinga ...... 2 00 G- M.” ...... 3 00 Mr. J. W. Cunningham.. 2 00 A Friend, per Rev. T. C. “Saved by Grace” ...... 2 00 Pollock, D.D ...... 3 00 Miss Verna Henderson .. 2 00 Miss Jessie Cooper ...... 3 00 A Friend, M onm outh, HI., Mr. and Mrs. W . N. C ow - ■per Rev. C. R. Watson, den and Miss Lillian D.D ...... 2 00 C owden ...... 3 00 Mrs. Frances E. Tripp ----- 2 00 Mr. W. M. Dougall...... 3 00 “Anonymous,” Phila., Pa. 1 50 Mr. E. M. Shaw ...... 3 00 Mrs. Mary E. Wylie.... 1 05 286 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Miss Agnes L. Wylie 1 05 Miss Margaret Kirker .... Mr. Robt. Thompson, per Miss Clara Howard ...... 1 00 Mr. S. W . B o y d ...... 1 00 M. E. C raw ford ...... 1 00 Mrs. Susanna F. McGeoch. 1 00 Miss Alice A. Haines.... 1 00 Mrs. E. L. Blair ___ .. 1 00 Mrs. Bella Shaw ...... 1 00 Miss Helen E. Morrow.. 1 00 A Friend, Monmouth, 111. 1 00 1 00 “A Friend, Walton, Kan. 1 00 Mrs. D. S. W ils o n ...... 1 00 Mr. W. W. Cleland .... 1 00 Miss Agnes E. Murray.. 1 00 “A. U. P. Tither,” Toron­ M rs. R uth C. K e r r...... 1 00 to, Ohio ...... 1 00 Mr. James Whitehead.... 1 00 Manhattan, Kansas, Con­ Miss Elizabeth Hamilton. 1 00 gregation ...... 1 00 Miss Martha A. Oliver___ “A Friend,” Pittsburgh, 1 00 Miss N. J. E. Martin.... 1 00 Pa...... 1 00 United Presbyterian, Miss Mary Hay ...... 1 00 Thompsontown, Pa. ... Miss Clara B. Gibson.... 1 00 1 00 Miss Louise Jacobs...... 1 00 P rof. J. S. G am ble 1 00 Mr. A . J. G reer ...... 1 00 Miss Margaret McElroy... 1 00 A Friend of the Cause, Mrs. Bella Foster ...... 1 00 Cambridge Springs, Pa. 1 00 Miss Mary Hosack ...... 1 00 A Friend, Dayton, Ohio. 1 00 “A Friend of Missions,” Miss Deborah L. Cowden. Tarkio, M o...... 1 00 1 00 Mrs. Lewis Bauersach ... 1 00 Mr. James Kidd ...... 1 00 Cash ...... Mr. W. H. Patterson 1 00 1 00 Mrs. Elizabeth George.... 1 00 Mrs. A. MacKeigan ___ 1 00 Mrs. Margaret Work ___ Mrs. Frank B. Davis... 1 00 1 00 Mrs. W . G. W ils o n ...... 1 00 “A Friend,” West Middle­ Mrs. Margery Allison ...... sex, P a...... 1 00 1 00 Miss Margery L. Allison. 1 00 Mr. Bazel Smith ...... 1 00 Miss Cora B. Dickey ___ 1 ou Mrs. Lydia M. Thompson. 1 00 Miss Katherine Urben___ 1 06 JMiss Elizabeth Boal ...... 1 00 “A Friend of the Cause,” Mrs. J. K. Johnston 1 00 per Rev. C. R. Watson, “A Friend,” Viola, 111...... 1 00 D.D ...... 1 00 Mrs. T. E. Henderson 1 00 “ A F riend,” per R ev. C. R. A United Presbyterian, Watson, D.D ...... 1 00 Pittsburgh, Pa...... 1 00 Mr. Clarence A. Reece.. 1 00 Miss Lena B. Terry ___ 1 00 Mr. James A. R eece ...... 1 00 Mrs. M. E. McKinley.... 1 00 Mrs. A. I. M iller...... 1 00 “A Friend of Missions/’ Mr. A. M. Dickson ...... 1 0u Argyle, N. Y ...... 1 00 Mrs. W. W. Louther ___ 1 00 Mr. J. R. Herdman 1 00 Mr. John C. Mackintosh.. 50 “A Friend of Missions,” i Golden, 111...... 1 00 I $16,437 92 YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIETIES. Belle Centre, Ohio...... $50 00 Jamestown, Ohio ...... 4 00 Oak Park, Philada., Pa. 50 00 Atlanta, Georgia ...... 3 75 North Allegheny, Pa ...... 50 00 Huntsville, Ohio ...... 72 East Brook, Pa ...... 50 00 Allegheny Presbytery ... 35 00 Avalon, Pa...... 4000 Argyle Presbytery ...... 135 00 First St. Louis, Mo...... 39 51 Beaver Valley Presbytery 853 00 Bellefontaine, Ohio ...... 37 70 Big Spring Presbytery ----- 7 GO Eskridge, Kansas ...... 35 25 Boston Presbytery ...... 21 00 Johnstown, N. Y ...... 35 00 Brookville Presbytery ___ 10 00 Second Youngstown, Ohio. 31 25 Caledonia Presbytery ___ 27 50 First Washington, Iowa.. 27 50 Chartiers Presbytery ___ 1,670 40 Harvard Heights, Los Chicago Presbytery ...... 6 17 Angeles, Cal...... 25 00 Cleveland Presbytery ___ 2 50 First Seattle, Wash ...... 25 00 College Springs Presby­ Norris Square, Phila., Pa. 25 00 tery ...... 491 00 San Diego, Cal...... 25 00 Colorado Presbytery ___ 11 50 Ingram , P a ...... 25 00 Des Moines Presbytery.... 412 50 West Alexander, Pa. .... 25 00 Indiana Northern Presby­ Third Chicago, III ...... 25 00 tery ...... 16 00 Forest Ave., Bellevue, Pa. 20 00 Kansas City Presbytery. 2 1 00 Henderson, 111...... 20 00 Kiskiminetas Presbytery... 1 0 00 F irst B altim ore, M d 17 00 Lake Presbytery ...... 25 00 De Lancey, N. Y ...... 17 00 Mansfield Presbytery ----- 25 00 First Indianapolis, Ind... 15 00 Mercer Presbytery ...... 10 00 Second New Concord, Ohio. 12 50 Monongahela Presbytery.. 135 00 Richmond, Kansas ...... 12 50 Muskingum Presbytery .. 77 00 Keota, Iowa ...... 12 00 New York Presbytery.... 160 50 Romeo, Colo...... 12 00 Ohio First Presbytery.... 41 54 West Union, Pa ...... 10 0« Sidney Presbytery ...... 38 56 North Ave., Baltimore, Met 9 6* Steubenville Presbytery .. 31 68 Reinfceck, Iowa ...... • ** Tennessee Presbytery' ... 27 2* Nortk Yakima, Waili. .... <25 Westmoreland Presbytery 20 0» Fifth Philada., Pa ...... 6 00 Blair, Okla...... 4 50 "$5^31 96 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 287

b e q u e s t s . LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Estate of Mrs. Rebecca Seventh Philada., Pa $100 00 McBride, deceased ...... $658 61 Southfield, Mich...... 96 00 Estate of Mrs. Margaret Garrattsville, N. Y ...... 53 00 Robb, deceased ...... 10 00 Second Allegheny, P a ■ 50 00 Estate of Mrs. Caroline E. Big Spring, Newville, Pa. 30 00 McCullough, deceased.. 190 00 Seventh Philada., Pa., Y. Estate of Margaret Hood, L. M. S...... 25 00 deceased ...... • • 32 50 Tw elfth Philada., P a 20 00 Estate of Nancy Guthrie, Marissa, 111...... 15 00 deceased ----- • • • • • 398 39 First Baltimore, Md 10 00 Estate of Mrs. C. F. Mc- Knox, Brooklyn, N. Y 5 00 Claughry, deceased ... 200 00 A llegheny P resbytery . . . 10 00 Estate of Rev. Henry C. Argyle Presbytery ...... 57 50 McFarland, deceased .. 2,850 00 Big Spring Presbytery.... 20 00 Estate of Mrs. Hannah M. Boston Presbytery, Jr 11 60 Williamson, deceased... 1,551 59 Indiana Northern Presby­ Estate of Mrs. Hannah M. tery ...... 12 00 Williamson, deceased, N ew Y ork P re s b y te r y ... 25 00 Income ...... 7 50 Ohio First Presbytery 15 00 Estate of Robert Martin, Pawnee Presbytery ..... 10 00 deceased ...... 9 46 Steubenville Presbytery.. 44 00 Estate of William Sher- rard, deceased ...... 147 65 $609 10 Estate of Mr. English, de­ ceased ...... 2 97 Estate of Martha McQuigg, SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS­ deceased ...... 1Ò0 00 SION ARIES, 1904-1905. Estate of H. G. McQuiston, 50 00 H anover, 111., L. M. S ... $23 00 deceased ...... Rev. W. H. Estate of Mary H. Toung, M cM aster, Ph. D. . . . deceased ...... 52 68 6 00 Estate of Harriet B. Archer, deceased ...... 1 0 0 00 $29 00 Estate of Lewis Davis, deceased, Income ...... 16 66 SPECIAL FUND FOR THOMAS A. Estate of Elizabeth Mc­ LAMBIE, M.D. Laughlin, deceased ... 853 27 Estate of J. E. Walker, Eighth Church, Pittsburgh, 1,725 58 P a ...... $200 00 Estate of Mrs. Elizabeth Second Church, Allegheny, E. W hite, d ecea sed ----- 384 50 P a ...... 100 00 Estate of Sarah J. Miller, Y. P. M. S., Second Alle­ deceased ...... 1,418 56 gheny, Pa...... 100 00 Estate of Mr. & Mrs. J. R. Y. P. S., New York Cunningham, deceased, Presbytery ...... 50 00 per Trustees General Mrs. R. M. R u ssell...... 25 00 Assembly ...... 1,054 43 Y. P. C. U., Reinbeck, Iowa 18 75 Estate of Mrs. Lydia A. Applegate, deceased, per $493 75 Trustees General As­ sembly ...... 1,793 87 Estate of Miss Jennie W il­ SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS­ son, deceased ...... 100 00 SION ARIES, 1910-1911. Estate of Miss Mary A. Shaw, deceased ...... 600 00 Mrs. Margaret Junk Mc­ Estate of Anna M. Erwin, Dowell ...... $467 00 deceased ...... 500 00 Miss Ruth Junk ...... 467 00 Estate of Hugh McCor­ Mrs. Louisa M. Junk.... 466 00 mick, deceased ...... 99 75 Miss Ruth Junk & Mother. 200 00 Estate of Nelson Driggs, deceased ...... 37 90 $1,600 00 Estate of Nancy Fletcher, deceased ...... 500 00 Estate of Thomas Wood, SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS­ deceased ...... 1,000 00 SIO N ARIES, 1911-12. Estate of Elizabeth An­ drew, deceased ...... 1,000 00 Messrs. Bogle Bros...... $600 00 College Springs, la., Ceng. 64 25 $17,445 87 A Member of Harmony. Pa., C ong...... 50 00 Mr. S. S. Finley ...... 25 00 ROBERT ARTHINGTON DONA- Rev. W. H. McMaster, Ph.D. 5 00 Mr. D. F. Hutchinson ... 5 00 1911 T IO N - A Friend, Knoxville, Tenn. 4 00 April 12 ...... $485 75 $753 25 288 Annual Report— Detailed Statement >f Treasurer.

SPECIAL FUND FOB PROF. C. S. VIRGINIA M. HANEY MEMORIAL BELL. FUND PRINCIPAL. St. Clair, Pa., Congregation $235 00 1910 Bloomington, Ind., S. S___ 140 28 Sept. 12, Mrs. William M. Mrs. J. T. Arnold Estate. 100 00 A nderson ...... $1,000 00 Rev. H. J. Bell ...... 100 00 Mrs. Geo. M. Paden ...... 100 00 Two Friends, Allegheny, TH O M A S S. A N D M A R Y J. Mc- P a ...... 100 00 CLANAHAN MEMORIAL Aspinw aii, Pa., S. S...... 75 00 Bellevue, Pa., T. P. S. C. E. 50 00 FUND PRINCIPAL. W heatland, 111., Y . P. C. U. 49 25 1911 Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. S...... 45 00 Mar. 13—Dr. James M. Misses Anderson ...... 25 00 McClanahan, Mr. Chas. Mrs. Chas. E. Dinkey ... 25 00 L. McClanahan, Mr. Mrs. Samuel McCain ...... 10 00 W m . S. McClanahan, Mr. and Mrs. G. E. Leslie. 5 00 Mr. Alex. I. McClanahan, Mr. Albert C. McClana­ $1,059 53 han, Mr. Thos. N. Mc­ Clanahan ...... 11,000 00 JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN ORPHANAGE FUND INCOME. WOMEN’S BOARD. 1910. 1910 M ay 16 ...... $90 00 M ay 28 $75 00 July 28 ...... 45 00 June 9 2,525 00 A ugust 29 ...... 65 80 June 10 3,155 00 O ctober 17 ...... 105 00 June 11 3,225 00 November 21 ...... 90 00 June 17 50 00 December 3 ...... 30 00June 23 ...... 130 00 1911. July 9 ...... 4,130 84 January 23 ...... 45 00 July 11 ...... 3,150 00 February 11 ...... 35 81 A ug. 6 ...... 6,185 00 A ug. 25 140 60 $506 61 Sept. 6 ...... 2,000 00 Sept. 9 ...... 5,891 00 Oct. 10 4,965 00 INTEREST. N ov. 14 ...... 6,410 00 Dec. 9 ...... 2,697 72 Mortgage Interest Undes- D ec. 12 ...... 4,855 50 ignated ...... $897 70 1911 Corn Exchange National Jan. 9 6,025 59 B ank ...... 355 03 Feb. 11 ...... 100 00 Fidelity Trust Co...... 29 91 Feb. 13 5,978 00 Income Riverside Irriga­ Mar. 13 ...... 6,518 00 tion District Bonds ...... 30 00 Mar. 20 ...... 49 04 West Penn Railroad Gold A pr. 10 ’...... 6,762 00 Bonds Income ...... 100 00 Apr. 24 ...... 2,824 25 Benha Egypt Building Apr. 27 ...... 140 00 L o a n ...... 100 00 Apr. 29 60 00 R efund ...... 15 00 $78,042 54 $1,527 64

B O A R D O F FO REIG N MISSIONS MATURED ANNUITY. OF THE ASSOCIATE RE­ D onation ...... $600 00 FORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF THE ANNUITY FUND PRINCIPAL.* SOUTH. Miss Lyda F. Lantz ...... $600 00 M ay 14 J433 Mrs. A nna S. Leal ...... 1,000 00 M ay 19 ...... f!0 00 Rev. P. W. Free, D. D.... 500 00 June 3 11« g 2,100 00 June 6 ...... 10®* $ June 17 ...... 1 ¡1 MRS. AGNES A. CLARK, JESSIE :: AND MARY CLARK MEMORIAL S S k " « FUND PRINCIPAL. $1,438 05 Oct. 10, Mr. David Clark. $200 00 1911 SA R G O D H A M ISSION SCHOOL Feb. 27, Mr. D avid C lark. 300 00 BUILDINGS, INDIA. $500 00 Mr. H. J. W ard ...... ®?0° °° Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 289

SPECIALS TO EGYPT. SPECIALS TO INDIA. Mr Alexander Gilfillan in Mr. Andrew Wright ...... $250 00 behalf of his children, Harmony, 111. Cong...... 250 00 John, M argaret and Miss Louise Sebring as a Alexander ...... 100 00 remembrance ...... 200 ou Miss M argaret Gilfillan .. 100 00 Estate of Sarah Dougher­ Miss Fannie W illiam s ----- 75 00 ty, deceased ...... 126 70 A Friend per Rev. M. M. Norris Square, Phila., Pa., Kilpatrick ...... 70 00 S- S...... 126 00 Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W . First Kansas City, Kans., Kidd ...... 60 00 Y. P. C. U...... 74 00 Mrs. Carolyn Phillips Mr. and Mrs, John A. Mil­ Blackwood ...... 35 00 ler ...... 72 00 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. R am a- Ingram, Pa., Men’s Bible Iey ...... 35 00 Class ...... 72 00 Seventh Philada., Pa., L. Marissa, 111., Cong...... 70 00 M. S...... 30 00 M iss C. M. W . F o s t e r 60 00 Mr. David Hunter ...... 25 00 Mr. John McKelvey ...... 50 00 Seventh Phila., Pa., Dor­ W est N ew ton, Pa., S. S. . 50 00 cas Teas Society ...... 15 00 Mr. T. M. Smith ...... 44 00 Seventh Phila., Pa. Mis­ Mrs. Curry’s S. S. Class, sion Band ...... 10 00 Eighth Church, Alle­ Seventh Philada., Pa., Jr. gheny, P a...... 40 00 Y. P. C. U ...... 5 00 M iss E m m a S c h o o le y ’ 40 00 Second Philada., Pa., Jr. Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Rama- C. E. S...... 10 00 ley ...... 25 00 Miss S. E. M arshall’s Bible Union Meeting per Capt. Class, M orning Sun, la. 6 25 A . R. O’Brien ...... 25 00 Mrs. J. A. W ilson ...... 2 00 Mr. L. C. Johnson’s S. S. Rev. David Strang, D.D . 2 00 Class, Fourth Church, Miss Ada E. P olley ...... 1 00 Allegheny, Pa...... 25 00 Mr. Chas. A. Nichol Cone- $581 25 maugh Presbytery ...... 24 00 Mrs. J. W . H anna ...... 20 00 Mr. J. L. B row ne ...... , 20 00 SUDAN FUND. Good Hope Mission, Pitts­ burgh ...... 18 00 Sixth Pittsburg, Pa., M en’s First Seattle, Wash., Y. P. Association ...... $2,800 00 C. U ...... 12 50 A Friend of Missions ___ 15 00 Dr. Agavnie Gilbakian ... 11 00 A Friend ...... 10 00 $2,815 00 Dr. J. Phandora Simpson 10 00 Dr. J. M. B everidge ...... 10 00 Mrs. M. S. H arr ...... 5 00 MISS E L L A O. K Y L E ’S SCHOOL, West Charlton, N. Y., Y. CAIRO. P. S. C. E ...... 4 00 Miss Ruth Hull ...... 2 00 Miss Mary L. K ennedy .. $2,000 00 Misses Helen and Jean­ $1,746 20 nette McGowan ...... 250 00 Ohio First P resbytery ______50 00 $2,300 00 DR. M. M. BROWNE'S HOME, SARGODHA, INDIA “A Friend of Medical Mis­ SUDAN ORPHANAGE. sion s” ...... $300 00 Teachers Knoxville Col­ Mr. John R. Caldwell . 100 00 lege, Knoxville, Tenn. .. 397 50 Rev. Robt. Stewart, D.D 100 00 Dr. H. T. M cLaughlin .. 330 69 Mr. John R. McCune, Sr 50 00 Tarkio, Mo., Congregation 330 60 Mr. Robert Mitchell ----- 50 00 A Friend of Missions, Los Florida Cong., Patterson Angeles, Calif...... 75 00 ville, N. Y ...... 50 00 Mr. A. Reynolds Bickett.. 75 00 Miss Lyda F. Lantz ...... 31 80 Xenia, Ohio, Sem inary . . . 106 25 Messrs. Stewart & Mabon 25 00 Mt. Ayr, Iowa, S. S 50 00 Friends per Rev. Robert Mt. Aye, Iowa, Cong. .... 36 50 Stewart, D.D ...... 21 73 Mrs. J. G. Bull ...... 5 00 Rev. A. A. Graham ...... 10 00 Miss Nannie M c I I v a in 5 00 Judge Telford ...... 10 00

$1411 54 $748 53

NEW SCHOOL, ALEXANDRIA. SPECIAL FUND FOR PROF. W. W. HICKMAN. Fronds per Janet M. -ambie, Treasurer ...... 621 00 Mrs. K. A. Jamison ...... $3,000 00 2go Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS FUND. WOMEN’S BOARD ACCOUNT. Mr. J. V . Anderson ...... $20 00 Los Angeles Presbytery, Mr. and Mrs. D. C. McGee 20 00 Santa Ana, Calif., Cons. $500 00 Mrs. Samuel Dodd’s S. S. Class ...... 6 00 Walton, Kansas, Mission WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL B and ...... 5 00 FUND INCOME. $50 00 1910 June 13 ...... $24 66

EGYPTIAN TRUST FUND IN­ M ar- 6 •• ••••...... 30 00 COME. $54 66 1910 A ug. 29 $11 25 16 13 Sept. 24 MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL 1911 Jan. 13 32 26 FUND IN TRUST INCOME. Jan. 23 11 25 1910 A pr. 30 122 43 A ug. 29 ...... $51 00 1911 $193 32 Feb. 11 51 00

$ 1 0 2 00 ALLEGHENY NILE MISSION BOAT, EGYPT. ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND Men's League, Allegheny Presbytery ...... $4,000 00 INCOME. 1910 M ay 17 ...... $174 49 LIBRARY ENDOWMENT FUND M ay 19 ...... 27 50 ASSIUT COLLEGE. June 4 33 00 July 25 ...... 19 25 Mr. Edward S. Harkness $50 00 Aug. 29 ...... 212 1^2 Sept. 24 ...... 8 10 Dec. 5 ...... 27 50 SPECIAL TO SUDAN. 1911 Jan. 13 ...... 8 10 Bequest Estate of Mr. Jan. 23 90 00 Nelson Driggs, deceased 12 50 Jan. 26 22 46 Feb. 11 132 8i JAMES A. ELLIOTT SUDAN Mar. 4 ...... 16 50 Apr. 1 ...... 33 00 B O A T FU N D . Apr. 10 ...... 63 00 North Phila., Pa., S. S... $65 60 $86S 03

SEMI-CENTENNIAL FUND. R E V . J. B. D A L E S, D. D., SEMI­ Per James W. Grove, T reasurer ...... $1,211 09 CENTENNIAL FUND. D. L. Wilson, W. H. Wil­ 1911 son, Mrs. W. J. Wilson, Apr. 30 ...... $250 00 Jr...... 35 00 Dr. W. J. Wilson, Jr 10 00 Mr. Robert Buck ...... 10 00 MRS. E L IZ A J. D A L E S MEMORIAL Olivet, Pa., Cong...... 4 00- FUND INCOME. $1,270 09 1910 Aug. 29 ...... 30 00 1911 PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Jan. 30 ...... 30 00 INCOME. Riverside Irrigation Dis­ trict Bonds ...... 30 00 MR. & MRS. GEORGE S. BRUSH E N D O W M E N T FU N D INCOME. MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL 1910 FUND INCOME. faept. 13 ...... f. 1910 Oct. 5 13 34 A ug. 29 ...... $39 00 1911 1911 Jan. 30 I6 ^ Feb. 11 ...... Feb. 39 00 18 ...... 13

$78 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 291

SARAH A. SAWYER MEMORIAL SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. FUND INCOME. 1910 June 13 ...... $2 47 Sept. 12 ...... $67 50 June 25 36 30 Oct. 17 July 75 00 28 36 00 Aug. 29 ...... I l l 97 Mar. 7 ...... 67 50 Sept. 12 27 00 Apr. 10 ...... 7i> 00 Sept. 24 ...... 71 55 Oct. 24 6 75 $285 00 Dec. 3 ...... 12 90 1911 Jan. 9 36 30 Jan. 13 ...... 143 10 STERRIT & AGNES CUMMINGS Jan. 23 79 50 MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. Jan. 30 ...... 68 47 1910 Mar. 6 S 00 Aug. 29 ...... $4 50 Mar. 7 27 00 Sept. 24 ...... 22 95 Apr. 7 6 75 1911 Apr. 10 ...... 12 90 Jan. 13 ...... 27 00 Jan. 23 ...... 4 50 $681 96

$58 95 L. AND M. E. A. FUND INCOME. 1910 PRESSLY MEMORIAL FUND IN­ June 25 ...... $30 00 COME. 1911 1910 January 9 ...... 30 00 Aug. 29 ...... $105 53 Sept. 24 ...... 41 73 $60 00 Oct. 24 ...... 20 25 1911 Jan. 13 ...... 83 47 ELLA JANE DYSART FUND IN­ Jan. 30 ...... 23 03 COME. Feb. 11 82 50 1910 Apr. 7 ...... 20 25 June 25 ...... $15 00 1911 $376 70 Jan. 9 ...... 15 00 $30 00 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEM­ ORIAL FUND INCOME. JAM ES S. M cN A R Y FU N D IN ­ 1910 COME. Sept. 24 ...... $72 00 1910 Oct. 24 ...... 18 00 1911 June 25 ...... '...... $26 70 July 28 25 80 Jan. 13 ...... 144 00 Sept. 24 ...... 36 00 Apr. 7 ...... 18 00 Oct. 21 9 00 1911 $252 00 Jan. 9 26 70 Jan. 13 72 00 Jan. 23 25 80 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. Apr. 7 ...... 9 00 1910 July 1 ...... $26002 $231 00 Oct. 1 ...... 343 49 1911 Jan. 3 ...... 524 46 MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME APr. 3 ...... 561 10 1910 Julv 28 ...... $9 00 $1,689 07 191Ì Jan. 23 ...... 9 00

JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME. $18 00 1910 Ì UI»e 13 ...... $30 83 MRS. JANE E. MACK MEMORIAL Ì u,ne 25 ...... 49 50 28 ...... 63 00 FUND INCOME. 1910 Jan. 9 ...... 4q R0 Dec. 3 $3 00 ja p ’ Il ...... 33 00 1911 26fi ...... 30 00 Apr. 10 ...... 3 00 V ,1‘ 6 ...... 37 50 Apr. 30 ...... 48 00 $293 33 $54 00 2Q2 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND 1910 INCOME. July 28 $57 62 1910 8 38 A ug. 29 July 28 ...... 15 od Sept. 13 33 34 1911 Sept. 24 40 00 Jan. 30 ...... 15 oo Oct. 5 26 66 1911 Jan. 13 80 00 $30 00 Jan. 23 36 00 Jan. 30 33 33 WILSON MEMORIAL FUND IN­ .Feb. 11 8 38 COME. F eb. 18 48 28 A pr. 21 113 78 1911 Apr. 21 ...... $63 22 485 77 R O B E R T D W IG H T FO STE R ME­ MART STERRITT MEMORIAL MORIAL FUND INCOME. FUND INCOME. 1910 1910 Ju ly 28 ...... $30 00 July 28 ...... $14 28 1911 1911 Jan. 23 ...... 30 00 Feb. 18 ...... 14 29 $60 00 $28 57

R O B E R T D U N L A P TR U ST FUND. JOSEPH AND -ELIZA BARR ME­ Second Church, Phila., Pa. MORIAL FUND INCOME. 1910 Nov. 10 ...... $150 00 1910 Sept. 24 ...... $38 00 1911 Jan. 13 ...... VIRGINIA 76 00 M. HANEY MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. $114 00 1911 Apr. 1 ...... $30 00

JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. MISCELLANEOUS FUNDS. 1910 Annuity Fund Income Oct. 17 ...... $30 00 General ...... $1,167 20 1911 Annuity Fund Income, F eb. 27 ...... 30 00 Special ...... 558 00 Mr. W . D. Lowe, Special $60 00 Sudan ...... 1.000 00 Benha, Egypt, Building Loan Principal ...... 250 00 ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE Austin, Nichols & Co., Special, Egypt ...... 178 45 FUND INCOME. Melvin W. Lilly, Special, 1910 E gypt ...... 100 00 A ug. 29 ...... $60 00 Miss E. Dorothy Elliott, 1911 Special, India ...... 100 0° Feb. 11 ...... 33 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson, Spe- A pr. 10 ...... 27 00 cial, India ...... 100«° Mr. J. Fred Ferger, Spe- $120 00 cial India ...... 1°° 00 Mrs. D. L. Barackman, Special, Sudan ...... 50 00 REV. W. W. BARR, D.D., ME­ Fleming H. Rev ell Co., MORIAL FUND INCOME. Special, Egypt ...... s Refund India “Cummings 1910 M anual” ...... A ug. 29 ...... $15 00 Fleming H. Revell Co., . 1911 Special, Sudan ...... j _ Apr. 10 ...... 15 00 $30 00 Annual keport— Receipts. 293 Receipts from 1859 to 1911.

1859 . $ 8,674 00 1896 Ordinary Sources, $122,938 65 1860 . 14,332 77 1896 Trust Funds, etc., 7,882 22 1861 . 21,274 68 1897 Ordinary Sources, 120,520 47 1862 . 28.116 32 1897 Trust Funds, etc., , 9.000 00 1863 . 25,888 35 1898 Ordinary Sources, 114,330 17 1864. 37,880 37 1898 Trust Funds, etc., , 10,415 70 1865 78,109 49 1899 Ordinary Sources, . 138,982 22 1866 . 55,738 10 1899 Trust Funds, etc., . 13,062 50 1867 . 61,955 10 1900 Ordinary Sources, . 136,870 76 1868 . 71,699 76 1900 Trust Funds, etc., . 35,365 46 1869 . 60,624 62 1901 Ordinary Sources, . 162,727 92 1870 . 61,866 59 1901 Trust Funds, etc., . 46,382 46 1871 . 47,620 74 1902 Ordinary Sources, . 148,212 29 ■1872 . 61,694 89 1902 Trust Funds, etc., . 38,874 30 1873 . 60,640 60 1903 Ordinary Sources, . 184,515 78 1874 . 59,460 98 1903 Trust Funds, etc., . 69,289 19 1875. 66,777 76 1904 Ordinary Sources, . 194,405 18 1876 . 60,126 66 1904 Trust Funds, etc., . 24,833 42 1877 . 74,015 70 ,1905 Ordinary Sources, . 176,266 05 1878 . 47,651 01 1905 Trust Funds, etc., . 75,310 28 1879 . 61,321 93 1906 Ordinary Sources, . -184,339 77 1880 . 66,958 29 1906 Trust Funds, etc.-, , 78,029 66 1881 . 65,032 33 1907 Ordinary Sources,. 178,557 30 1882 . 77,859 80 1907 Trust' Funds, etc., . 88,636 67 1883 . •102,839 46 1907 Special Donations’ , 93.000 00 1884 . 69,186 22 1908 Ordinary Sources, 200,299 58 1885 . 71,787 96 1908 Trust Funds, etc., , 106,498 02 1886 . 86,352 77 19Ô8 Special Donations 12.000 00 1887 . 83,943 80 1909 Ordinary Sources, 214,268 57 100,323 11 1909 Trust Funds, etc., 146,938 56 1889 ...... 108,685 13 1909 Special Donations 37,000 00 189 0 ...... 100,639 36 1910 Ordinary Sources, 203,591 51 189 1 ...... 105.116 17 1910 Trust Funds, etc., 135,503 77 1892 ...... 112,816 02 1910 Special Donations 8.000 00 1893 ...... 115,892 87 1911 Ordinary Sources, 222,324 89 1894 ...... 112,314 64 1911 Trust Funds, etc., , 122,862 66 1895 Ordinary Sources, . 104,905 80 1895 Trust Funds, etc., . 14,425 88 294 Annual Report— Act of Incorporation.

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t t o I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B o a r d o p F o r e i g n M is s io n s o f the U n i t e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W h e r e a s , The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church ol North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and lay m en, m em ber? o f the said church, the design o f which is the establishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. A n d W h e r e a s , The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors under serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and m accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received ; therefore : S e c t io n i . Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authoi ity of the same: T ha t James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, 'niomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania and their, successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name o f the B o a r d o f F o r e ig n M is s io n s o f t h e U n it e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a , and as such shall have perpetual succession, and b e able to sue and be sued in all the courts o f record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corpora­ tion or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presby­ terian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North Amer ca, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. James R. Kelly, Speaker of the House of Representatives. D . F l e m in g , Speaker of the Senate. A p p ro v ed the Twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. Curtin, Governor. Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses. 295

OUTLINES FOE MISSIONARY SERMONS AND ADDRESSES.

I. Conditions: 1. Of Poverty, 63c, 112g, 139c, 140c, 178d, 204c. 2. Of Ignorance, 84, 87, 133c, 176a, 179c, 180c, 181a, 192e, 200c. 3. Of Immorality. 4. Of General Degradation, 84b, 181d, 182a^ 227c, 225e, f, 261. 5. Of Spiritual Degradation, 8I'd, 250d. 6. Of Fanaticism, 107, 125c, 127b, 131e, 134c, 141a, 191b, 192b, 194b. 7. Degradation of Women, 80, 203d.

II. Mission Districts: To present the entire work of any single district, look up the page references given under the name of that district in the Topical Index.

III. Missionary Methods: An effective address can be given on the various methods used on the foreign field. Look up page references under each method given in the Topical Index. A logical classification of the various missionary methods is the following:

1. Evangelistic Work: (1) Congregational. (a) Preaching, 55c, 55d, 50b, 164-169, 248, 249. (b) Sabbath School, 71-75, 169-171. (c) Christian Endeavor, 55c, 62c, 171. (2) H arem or Zenana W ork, 76-87, 198-203. (3) Itinerating. (a) By boat, 68d, 69, 251. (b) In tents, 191-195, 203-207.

2. Educational Work: (1) Literary. (a) Primary or Village Schools, 89-92, 97-100, 112-114, 116, 208-210, 253-256. (b) City, High or Boarding Schools, 92, 102-112, 210-221. (c) Special Institutions, Colleges, Seminaries, 94-96, 107, 114, 221-223. (2) Industrial, 214, 215, 201-264.

3. Medical Work: (1) Hospitals, 131-136, 138-141, 224-227. (2) D ispensaries, 136, 142, 224-228, 258-260. (3) Itinerating, 68d, 69a. 4. Book Work: (1) Preparation of Literature. (2) Distribution. (a) B ook Shops and R eadin g R oom s, 121, 122, 124, 196-19S. (b) Colporteurs, 121, 122-128, 196-198, 200. (e) Missionary Itinerating. 296 Outlines for Missionary Sermons and Addresses.

IV. Money. 1. The American Church’s Gifts, 29. 2. The Urgency of the Need, 44. ' 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission Lands, see all page references to Self-Support. V. Needs. 1. Owing to number of Heathen Unreached, 20h, 58c, 70b, 85, 87b 191, 195c, 202a, 203c, 206a, 245e, 250. 2. Owing to number of Converts requiring care, 178a, 179b, 180a 183a, 1t84b, 185d, 194c, 247. 3. Owing to Conditions of People, see above under “I. Conditions.” 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equipment, Buildings, 90b, 93d, 108a, 109f, 212d, 219h, 220g, 254. VI. Opposition Encountered: See Opposition in Topical Index.

VII. Prayer: 1. Appeals made for Prayer, 57, 64c, 65a, 70c, 132a, 133a, 221. 2. Efficacy of Prayer, 55c, 57b, 73f, 141b.

VIII. Successes: 1. Numerical, 51, 153. 2. Change of Character, 60, 64b, 80, 81a, 87, 124b, 126b, 133, 134, 181a, 205b, 217e. 3. Liberality, see Self-Support in Topical Index. 4. Opening Doors, see Opportunity in Topical Index. Topical Index.

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note In some cases paragraphs or sections of paragraphs on a page are designated by letters, as “ a,” “ b,” “ c,” etc., following the number of the page. Act of Incorporation, 294. Cairo, 63-65, 76-80, 92, 107-112. Address—Of Board’s Officers, 4; Cairo Girls’ College, or Boarding of Missionaries, 6, 7. School, 107, 108. Administration, 29, 30, 36-41. Christian Endeavor Society; in Alexandria,- 59-61, 80, 81, 89, 102, Egypt, 55, 64c, 107g, 110 , 114; 121b. in India, 171, 172. Alphabetical List of Missionaries, Christian Training Institute, 210. 267-273. Colleges, see Assiut College, America, Past Y ear in, 24-27. Cairo Girls’ College, Gordon Anecdotes, see Illustrations. Mission College. Annuities, 13. Colporteur, see Book Distribution. Appointment of Missionaries, 34, Commissioners of Women’s Board, 46. V isit of, 21, 46, 162, 163. Appropriations, Recommended by Congregational Life in Egypt, 52, Board, 31; made by Assembly 54-57; in India, 164-169; in Su­ 44, see Self-Support. dan, 248-250. Assembly, Report of Board to, 15- Conferences: Presbyterial, 25; 41; Com m ittee on F oreign M ission Study, 26. Board, 42; Appropriations, 44; Contents, Table of, 2. Report of Women’s Board, 46; Contributions, see Finance, Self- Committee on Women’s Board, Support, Treasurer’s Report. 48. Coptic Church, Reform Mov’t in, Associate Secretary, 25. 57; Changing Attitude of, 58. Assiut, 66-68, 84c-88, 96, 114, 127, Correspondence with Missionaries, 129-136. 6, 7, 13. Assiut College, 66-68, 94-96. Assiut H ospital, 131-136. Death of Mrs. Lena P. McLaugh­ Associate Reformed Presbyterian, lin, 28, 245; of Mrs. E. E. Camp­ 21b; Thanks to, 35. bell, 155; of the Rev. J. H. Mor­ ton, 156; of the Rev. Samuel Beneficence, see Finance, also Martin, D.D., 27, 158. Self-Support. Departments of W ork: Benha, 63, 82, 90, 105g, 124. See Evangelistic, Educational, Beni-Suef, 66, 83c, 84, 98, l i 2, 124. Sabbath School, Harem or Bequest, form of, 13. Women’s Work, Book Distribu­ Bhera, Name o f th is M ission D is­ tion, Medical, also Congrega- trict is now Sargodha. ¡ tional. Bible, see B ook D istribution. Districts, see Mission Districts. Bible Societies, see Book Distri­ Doleib Hill, 246, 251, 255, 258d, bution. 261-264. Bible and P rayer C on feren ces, see Summer Schools. E dinburgh Conference, 27. Board of Foreign M issions; M em ­ Educational Work: In Egypt, 88- bers of, 4, 5; R ep ort to A ssem ­ 117; in India, 208-223; in Sudan, bly, 15-41; A ssem b ly ’s C om m it­ 253-257. tee on, 42. Book D istribution: In E gypt, 120- Egypt — M issionaries’ A ddresses, « 8; in India, 196-198: in Su- G; Statistics, 8 ; see Statistical; B 265> The past year, 16-19; Report of 11(1' l ' 451 see Appropriations. I Mission, 51-150; Introduction, 298 Topical Index.

51-53; Evangelistic Report, | Illustrations for Missionary Ad­ 54-70; Sabbath School Report, dresses, etc.— See also page 295, 71-75; Harem Report, 76-87; EGYPT: Prayer Answered, 55c; "Educational Report, 88-119; Earnest Evangelism, 56; Lav- Book Department, 120-128; Medi­ men Hard at Work, 57a; Pray- cal Report, 129-143; Mission­ er Answered, 57; The Mission’s aries by Stations, 144; Satisti- Influence on Copts, 58a; Cour­ cal Report, 145-150; Books on age R evived, 59j ; A Meaning­ Egypt, see Inside of Cover. ful Death, 60a; Secret Working “Egypt and the Christian Cru­ of the Spirit, 60a; Led by a sade,” see Inside of Cover. Jew , 61a; “ P ersecu ted for Right­ Estimates for Year’s Work, 31; eou sn ess’ Sake,” 61a; Opportun­ R edu ced b y A ssem bly, 44. ity, 62a; Timidity Overcome, Evangelistic Work: In Egypt, 54- 62d; A Moslem Sheikh, 62e; He 70: in India, 191-207; in Sudan, Testifies with Power, 63a; First 248-252. Fruits, 63b; Lions in the Way, 63b; Another Balaam’s Curse, 63b; Wonderful Power of the Faiÿum , 65, 82, 97, 113, 125, 126, Gospel, 63c, 64a; Moslem Ac­ 136-138. tivity, 65a; P rom in ent Inquirers, “Far North in India,” see Inside 65c; A Presbytery’s Action, 65c; o f C ovei. Christianity in the College, CGc; V ictory through Self-Denial, Finances — Treasurer’s Exhibit, 67, 95gh; M edical W ork on the 36-41; Detailed. Report, 274-292; Ibis, 68d; Personal Work of Debt, 45; see Appropriations, Converts, 69b; Moslems in Self-Support. Search of Light, 69c; The Mos­ Form o f W ill, 13. lem Call, 70; “A Child Shall Fowler Orphanage, 111, 112. Lead Them,” 72c; Prayer An­ Funds, Special, 29, 30; Semi-Cen­ swered, 73f; An Attractive Sab­ tennial, 32. bath School, 74a; A Boy’s Con­ fession, 75e; Christianity Up­ General Assembly, see Assembly. lifts Women, 77e; Liberality of General Information, 13. a Poor Widow, 78c; Words of Giving, see Contributions. Comfort, 78e; The Great Phy­ “God’s Plan for World Redemp­ sician Heals, 79a; After Many tion,” see Inside of Cover. Days, 79b; The “Good Words” Good Illustrations, see Illustra­ Work a Change, 80b,c; A Mos­ tions. lem Forgives an Enemy, 80e, G ood Sam aritan H ospital, 225. 81a; An Aged Servant of God, Gordon Mission College, 221, 22?. 81b; A Sad Case, 81d; An Earn­ Gujranwala, 167, 170, 173, 175, 176, est Invitation, 82b; The Story of 181, 198, 204, 208, 216, 220. a Woman, ,83b; Ignorance, 84a; Gurdaspur, 166, 170, 172, 174, 176. The Joy of the New Gospel, 87a: 180, 183, 186, 188, 193, 197, 201, Scarcity of Funds, 91d; Ad­ 203, 218b. vance in the Faiyum, 97d; Closed for Lack, of Funds, 98h; W h at a P oor B oy Did, 98i; A Handbook, 30. Copt’s Generosity, 99c; A Mos­ H arem W ork in E gypt, 76-87. lem Child’s First Prayer, I06e; Historical Sketch, 12. Christ First, 107e; Influence on Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital. Islam, 109f; Disappointment, Tanta Hospital, Memorial Hos­ 109g; “Timmy,” 112g; Heathen pital, Good Samaritan Hospital, Abuse, 114c; A Praying Sheikh. White Memorial Hospital, Sar- 123c,d; Study in Secret, 123e; godha Mission Hospital. Happy to Die for Christ’s Sake, 124b; T h e y D idn ’t Know, 12«. “Ibis,” The, 68d, 69. . 125a; Drunkards Reformed, Illustrations, List of, 3. 126b; Sword of the Spirit vs. Topical Indeòc. 299

the Scimitar of Arabia, 127b, j India— Missionaries’ Addrësses, 7; 128a; Influence on Catholics, ! Statistics, 9; see Statistical; 12&c\ Fear of Persecution, 131e; The Past Year, 19-22; Report W onderful Progress, 132b; A s of Mission, 153-241; Introduc­ Bible Story’s Influence, 132c; A tion, 153; In M em oriam , 155- Bible Under a Pillow, 132d; 161; Work Among Christians, Blessed Uèes of Adversity, 164-190; Sialkot Convention, 133b ; Self-C ontrol through 189; E van gelistic W ork, 191- Knowledge, 133c; “Jesus Helps 207; Educational Work, 208-223; Me,” 134ab; -Steadfast through Médical Work, 224-229; Mission­ Threatened, 134Ò; “ M ore B less­ aries by Stations, 230-234; Sta­ ed to Give,” 135e; A Sick Wom­ tistics, 235-241. an’s ’’Testimony, 139c; “The Industrial Work, in India, 214; in Blind Receive Sight,” 139d; The Sudan, 261-264. Case of a Turkish Woman, Inform ation, General, 13. 139ef; “Blessed are the Meek,” Institutions, see College, Hospi­ 141a: IN D IA : T h e M odern M is­ tals, Industrial, Theological. sionary Martyr, 155; “Go back Itinerating, see Evangelistic. homè and téli,” ' 159; ' lidia’s Every Member Canvass, ÌG7a; Jhelum, I69e, 171, 191c, 198, 202, Not for Salary’s Sake, 167b; A 206, 217, 218, 225. Former' Shtine, 175e; A W ife’s Khangah - Dogran, 165, 171h, 173, Threat, 176a; A Record of Prog- j 176e, 177a,b, 185, 193, 197, 204, ress, 177d; Miles and Tithes, j 209f. 178a; Scattered as Sheep, 178b, Khartum , 248, 253, 254, 259, 260. c,f ; Charms versus God, 181a; Superstitions, 181b; The Sor­ Language Investigation by Prof. rows of Childhood, 182a; Indian Westermann, 23f, 24a. ThE.nl-’ offerings, 182d; The Laymen’s Missionary Movement, Resurrection Hope, 183a; “Why 24b. so long away,” 183b ; The Har­ Liberality, see Self-Support, Treas­ vest Great, 185c; A Christian urer’s Report. Mela, 187d; A Parish of 900,000, Literature, Missionary, 30f; see 191b; Persecuted for Christ’s Inside pages of Cover for Ad­ Sake, 192b; Moslem Interest, vertisement. 193b; Sure Signs of Progress, Lucknow Conference on Moham­ 195c; Banished for Christ’s m edanism , 59, 154. Sake, 199-200; A Little Child Luxor, 68-70, 86, 87, 99, 115, 127. Shall Lead Them, 201a; The Lyallpur, 1C8, 171a, 172, 179, 183b, Awful Need, 203d; Braving Bap­ 194c, 196c, 200c. tism, 205b; Regions Beyond, 20Gc; Child L abor, 208c; In­ M agazines, in Egypt, 75, 122. fluence of Children, 212e; Map of Egypt, opposite page 150; Threats and Persecutions, 215f: of India, opposite page 242. Influence of a Life, 216-217; In­ Medical Work: In Egypt, 129-143; fluence on Heathen Husband, in India, 224-229; in Sudan, 258- 217e; Opportunity at 42 cents, 260. 219e; Splendid Educational Rec­ Melas, 186, 187. ord, 222c; The Ministry of Heal­ M em orial H ospital, 224. ing, 224b. SU D A N : S olving a M en’s M ovem ent, 56, 57. Language Problem, 246f; A Methods of Work, see Depart­ Province Unoccupied, 249c; The m ents. Gospel of Labor, 255; The Bur­ den and Power of Truth, 260e; Opportunity through Famine, Mission Districts—EGYPT: See Alexandria, Assiut, Benha, Beni ?02-263; Faith in the M ission­ ary, 263c. Suef, Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, Monsurah, Tanta, Zakazik; IN­ i DIA: see Gujranwala, Gurda- 111 Uemoriam, 1 5 5 -1 6 1 . | spur, Jhelum, Khangah Dogran. 300 Topical Index.

Lyallpur, Pasrur, Pathankot, P rogress, 19, 20, 29, 51, 32, 54b Rawalpindi, Sangla Hill, Sar­ 64c, 65, 67c, 77, 95, 99, 102, lie ’ godha (formerly Bhera), Sial- 120, 161c, 168, 173, 176, 177’ kcrt, Zafarwal; SUDAN: see 182, 187d, 199, 217. See Self- Doleib Hill, Khartum. Support. Missionaries, Names and Ad­ dresses, 6, 7; Movements of, Quota, Present Standard, 44. 27-29, 53; Pictures of the “ Sev­ en Men,” 33; New Appoint­ Rawalpindi, 168, 170, 174g, 191 ments, 34; by Stations during 196, 201d, 220, 221. 1910, 144, 230-234. Report of Board to Assembly, Mission Study Classes, 26. 15-41; of Assembly’s Committee, Mohammedans, Work Among: In 42; of Appropriation Committee, E gypt, 52, 59-70, 77-87, 95a, 139, 44; of Women’s Board, 46; of 140; in India, 180, 183, 193, 194, E gyp t M ission, 51-150; of India 195, 199d, 200c, 204; in Sudan, Mission, 153-241; of Sudan Mis­ 250, 254, 264. sion, 245-266; of Treasurer, Mohammedan Conference at Luck­ 274-292. now, 53, 154. Roosevelt’s Visit to Africa, 108 Money, see Self-Support, Treas­ 115b. urer’s Report, Finance. Money Values in Egypt, India, and Sabbath School, Literature for, Sudan, 13. 26; see Inside of Cover. M onsurah, 62, 81, 89, 105, 123. Sabbath School Work: In Ameri­ Moslem, see Mohammedan. ca, 26, 31; in Egypt, 71-75; in India, 169-171. Sangla H ill, 174e, 178e, 182cd, N eed, 31, 44; in E gyp t, 90b, 92, 187d, 193d, 196d, 202c, 206d, 207, 93d, 98h, 108a, 109f; In India, 208c. 2Oh, 178, 184, 185d, 191, 203; Sargodha, 164, 171b, 173d, 177d, in Sudan, 247, 249d, 250d. New Wilmington Conference, 2G. 185d, 186d, 188b, 195b, 206b, 210d, 220, 228. Nile Boats, 62b, 68d, 69. Sargodha Mission Hospital, 226. Schools, see Educational. Omdurman, see Khartum. Self-Support and Contributions: O pportu nity: In Egypt, 70, 85, 91f, In Egypt, 51, 68b, 72, 105b, 108j, 92b, 98b, 98h, 108a, 109f; in In­ 109d, llO h , l l l i , 114i; in India, dia, 2 Oh, 178, 180, 184, 191, 194, 20, 164b, 166, 167, 173, 174, 182d, 195bc, 200, 205, 207; in Sudan, 186d, 219c, 220b, 226, 227, 238, 247, 249d, 250d. 252, 260, 2G6. O pp osition : In E gypt, 60, 61, 63b, Serm ons, see Outlines on page 90, 91, 107, 109f, 111, 112, 113i, 295. 125, 137; in India, 179d, 192, 200, Sialkot, 169d, 170g, ljld, 172e, 206ac, 215f; in Sudan, 250d, 174b, 179cde, 180e, 192e, 198c, 254c. 199c, 205b, 210, 211, 216cd, 219, Outlines for Missionary Sermons 222. and Addresses, 295. Sialkot C onvention, 189, 190. Statistical Tables: General 11, 12: F gypt, 8, 18, 19, 54, 71, 76, 88, Pasrur, 168d, 171a, 174c, 178c, 101, 107, 116, 118, 119, 120, 129, 184d, 195, 197b, 199d, 214, 225. 130, 136, 138, 143, 145-150; In­ Pathankot, 174d, 178d, 184b, 197e, dia, 9, 21, 22, 177, 229, 235, 241; 201c, 203d, 213. Sudan, 10, 24, 252, 253, 257, 260, Persecution, see Opposition. 261, 265, 266. P ostage R ates, 13. Study Courses on Missions, see Prayer Asked for, 57, 64c, 65a, 70c, Inside of Covers for Advertise­ 132a, 133a, 221. ment. Pressly Memorial Institute, 114. Successes, see Progress. Prizes Given by Miss Helen Gould, 1031, 109e, llO g, 113e, 113b. Topical Index. 301

Sudan—Missionaries, 6; Statis­ [ Tarkio Conference, Planned for, tics, 10; the Past Year, 22-24; ! -26. Report of Mission, 245-266; j Theological Seminary: in Egypt, Evangelistic Report, 248-252 ; | 93; in India 222, 223, Educational Report, 253-257; Treasurer’s Exhibit, 274-280; De­ Medical Report, 258-260; Indus­ tailed Report, 281, 292. trial Report, 261-264; Book De­ partment, 265; Statistics, 266. Summary o f A ll W ork , 11. Westermann’s Investigations in Summer Bible Schools in India, Sudan, 23f, 24a. 187-189. W h ite M em orial H ospital, 47. Summer School at New Wilming- W ill, form of, 13. Women’s Board, Report of, 46, •ton, 26. Summer Sch ool at Tarkio, 26. 47. Survey of Y ear, 16-41. Women, Work for: in Egypt, 76- 87, 101-117; in India, 180-186, 198-207; in Sudan, 254fg. Tables of Contents, 2; Illustra­ tions, 3. Tables of Statistics, see Statisti- I Young People’s Societies, see Christian Endeavor. Tanta, 62, 82d, 83a, 91, 106, 122d, 138-142. Tanta Hospital, 138-142. Zafarwal, 168c, 175b, 176b, 181b, Thanks, 34, 35, 96, 105, 108k, 109, 182b, 187b, 192d, 200b, 205, 215f. 115. Zakazik, 63, 81d, 82a, 90, 104.