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Order and Structure
Order and Structure by Colin Phillips B.A., Modern Languages University of Oxford, 1990 Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology August 1996 © 1996 Colin Phillips. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: Department of Linguistics and Philosophy August 31st 1996 Certified by: Alec Marantz Professor of Linguistics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Wayne O’Neil Professor of Linguistics Head, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy Introduction 2 Introduction Order and Structure by Colin Phillips Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy on August 31st, 1996 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics. ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to argue for the following two main points. First, that grammars of natural language construct sentences in a strictly left-to-right fashion, i.e. starting at the beginning of the sentence and ending at the end. Second, that there is no distinction between the grammar and the parser. In the area of phrase structure, I show that the left-to-right derivations forced by the principle Merge Right can account for the apparent contradictions that different tests of constituency show, and that they also provide an explanation for why the different tests yield the results that they do. Phenomena discussed include coordination, movement, ellipsis, binding, right node raising and scope. -
British Academy New Fellows 2015 Fellows Professor Janette Atkinson
British Academy New Fellows 2015 Fellows Professor Janette Atkinson FMedSci Emeritus Professor, University College London; Visiting Professor, University of Oxford Professor Oriana Bandiera Professor of Economics, Director of STICERD, London School of Economics Professor Melanie Bartley Emeritus Professor of Medical Sociology, University College London Professor Christine Bell Professor of Constitutional Law, Assistant Principal and Executive Director, Global Justice Academy, University of Edinburgh Professor Julia Black Professor of Law and Pro Director for Research, London School of Economics and Political Science Professor Cyprian Broodbank John Disney Professor of Archaeology and Director, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge Professor David Buckingham Emeritus Professor of Media and Communications, Loughborough University; Visiting Professor, Sussex University; Visiting Professor, Norwegian Centre for Child Research Professor Craig Calhoun Director and School Professor, London School of Economics Professor Michael Carrithers Professor of Anthropology, Durham University Professor Dawn Chatty Professor of Anthropology and Forced Migration, University of Oxford Professor Andy Clark FRSE Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, University of Edinburgh Professor Thomas Corns Emeritus Professor of English Literature, Bangor University Professor Elizabeth Edwards Professor of Photographic History, Director of Photographic History Research Centre, De Montfort University Professor Briony Fer Professor of Art History, -
Lexical Functional Syntax
LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL SYNTAX JOAN BRESNAN, ASH ASUDEH, IDA TOIVONEN AND STEPHEN WECHSLER SECOND EDITION Lexical-Functional Syntax Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics The books included in this series provide comprehensive accounts of some of the most central and most rapidly developing areas of research in linguistics. Intended primarily for introductory and post-introductory students, they include exercises, discussion points and suggestions for further reading. 1. Liliane Haegeman, Introduction to Government and Binding Theory (Sec- ond Edition) 2. Andrew Spencer, Morphological Theory 3. Helen Goodluck, Language Acquisition 4. Ronald Wardhaugh and Janet M. Fuller, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Seventh Edition) 5. Martin Atkinson, Children’s Syntax 6. Diane Blakemore, Understanding Utterances 7. Michael Kenstowicz, Phonology in Generative Grammar 8. Deborah Schiffrin, Approaches to Discourse 9. John Clark, Colin Yallop, and Janet Fletcher, An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology (Third Edition) 10. Natsuko Tsujimura, An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics (Third Edition) 11. Robert D. Borsley, Modern Phrase Structure Grammar 12. Nigel Fabb, Linguistics and Literature 13. Irene Heim and Angelika Kratzer, Semantics in Generative Grammar 14. Liliane Haegeman and Jacqueline Gueron,´ English Grammar: A Generative Perspective 15. Stephen Crain and Diane Lillo-Martin, An Introduction to Linguistic Theory and Language Acquisition 16. Joan Bresnan, Ash Asudeh, Ida Toivonen and Stephen Wechsler, Lexical- Functional Syntax (Second Edition) 17. Barbara A. Fennell, A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach 18. Henry Rogers, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach 19. Benjamin W. Fortson IV, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Intro- duction (Second Edition) 20. Liliane Haegeman, Thinking Syntactically: A Guide to Argumentation and Analysis 21. Mark Hale, Historical Linguistics: Theory and Method 22. -
The-Language-Instinct-How-The-Mind
STEVEN PINKER THE LANGUAGE INSTINCT The New Science of Language and Mind PENGUIN BOOKS for Harry and Roslyn Pinker who gave me language Preface I have never met a person who is not interested in language. I wrote this book to try to satisfy that curiosity. Language is beginning to submit to that uniquely satisfying kind of understanding that we call science, but the news has been kept a secret. For the language lover, I hope to show that there is a world of elegance and richness in quotidian speech that far outshines the local curiosities of etymologies, unusual words, and fine points of usage. For the reader of popular science, I hope to explain what is behind the recent discoveries (or, in many cases, nondiscoveries) reported in the press: universal deep structures, brainy babies, grammar genes, artificially intelligent computers, neural networks, signing chimps, talking Neanderthals, idiot savants, feral children, paradoxical brain damage, identical twins separated at birth, color pictures of the think ing brain, and the search for the mother of all languages. I also hope to answer many natural questions about languages, like why there are so many of them, why they are so hard for adults to learn, and why no one seems to know the plural of Walkman. For students unaware of the science of language and mind, or worse, burdened with memorizing word frequency effects on lexical decision reaction time or the fine points of the Empty Category Principle, I hope to convey the grand intellectual excitement that launched the modern study of language several decades ago. -
British Academy 'Review of the Year' 2015/16
INSPIRING EXCELLENCE REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2015/16 British Academy Review of the Year 2015/16 1 CONTENTS PRESIDENT’S WELCOME Welcome to this summary of a busy Since the General Election, we have argued year of increasing activity at the strongly to the Government and others that British Academy. It illustrates the if, as a country, we wish to see growth and innovation, it is vital that we invest strongly in growing impact of our public and policy social science and humanities research. Their engagement – drawing on the unique importance rests not in the benefits they 01 PRESIDENT’S WELCOME 06 CHAMPIONING THE HUMANITIES powerhouse of expertise within our bring to our economy alone, crucial though AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Fellowship, using our convening power these are, but in their impact on the wider 02 CHIEF EXECUTive’S to feed that knowledge and wisdom social, cultural and individual well-being of INTRODUCTION into the public arena, and raising public all who live and work in the UK. They are 10 ADVANCING EXCELLENT also the essential ‘twin’ to the understanding 04 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW RESEARCH awareness of our work. of our natural world that science brings – interdependent realms of knowledge, each The British Academy Debates have proved incomplete without the other. 14 SHAPING POLICY AND PUBLIC to be a valuable way of demonstrating UNDERSTANDING the contribution that social science and But however strong the evidence – and it This Review of the Year presents a humanities research and expertise make is very strong indeed – this is not an easy summary of highlights from the past year, 18 DELIVERING GLOBAL to exploring present day challenges. -
Section Membership
SECTIONS 81 Section membership Fellows are assigned to a ‘Section of primary allegiance’ of their choice. It is possible to belong to more than one Section (cross-membership, by invitation of the Section concerned); this is approved by Council, the members to serve for a period of five years. In the following pages cross-members are listed after primary members, together with their primary Section and the date of appointment. The Emeritus Fellows of each Section are also listed separately. And the primary affiliation of Corresponding Fellows is also indicated. Membership of the Ginger Groups is listed on page 97. * Indicates membership of Section Standing Committee.