HeritageCollective

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire

On behalf of Robert Coats Plant Sales

June 2015

Project Ref: 1568A

Project Number: 1568A Authored by: Karl Hulka Reviewed by: Jonathan Edis Date: June 2015 Document version M:\HC\Projects\Projects 1501- 1600\1568A - Cheadle Road, Upper Tean\Reports\ 1568A Cheadle Road DBA v.1 (2015.05.24).docx

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CONTENTS PAGE NO.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 2.0 PLANNING FRAMEWORK 6 3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 7 4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 9 5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 18 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 20 SOURCES CONSULTED 21

APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: Site location maps APPENDIX 2: Staffordshire HER map and list APPENDIX 3: Historic maps and images Appendix 3.1: 1775 – Yates’ Map of Staffordshire Appendix 3.2: 1837 – Ordnance Surveyors Drawing (Cheadle) Appendix 3.3: 1842 – Checkley tithe map Appendix 3.4: 1881 – Ordnance Survey map Appendix 3.5: 1901 – Ordnance Survey map Appendix 3.6: 1923 - Ordnance Survey map Appendix 3.7: 1955 - Ordnance Survey map Appendix 3.8: 1970/71 - Ordnance Survey map Appendix 3.9: 2003 - Google Earth Image Appendix 3.10: 2006 - Google Earth Image APPENDIX 4: Current proposals for the application site

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The site known as Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire is proposed for development.

The application site has been shown to have a high potential for encountering evidence for late 18th and early 19th century remains associated with the construction of a house and gardens in the north, water channels in the centre and west and an escarpment along the eastern side of the River Tean. There is also a low to moderate potential for encountering former agricultural features dating to the medieval period. This assessment suggests a low potential for remains of other periods to survive on site.

Existing impacts on any archaeological deposits and features will predominantly derive from the construction of the house and gardens in the north, the water channels in the centre and west and the escarpment along the river during the late 18th or early 19th centuries. The creation of boundary ditches and subsequent grubbing out of hedgerows is also likely to have removed or disturbed below ground deposits in those areas.

On the basis of the available evidence it is advised that, due to a potential for post-medieval remains within the application site, an archaeological evaluation be carried out on areas within the proposed development footprint. In the first instance this should involve a geophysical survey which would inform the need and scope for any further archaeological work. There is no evidence, either from the documentary sources or from the site walkover that any remains of national significance survive on the application site and consequently further archaeological assessment and mitigation can be secured through the imposition of a suitably worded condition on the consented application.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared by Karl Hulka (ACIfA), director of archaeology at Heritage Collective on behalf of Robert Coates Plant Sales. Documentary research was carried out by the author with additional material provided by Nick Garland (ACIfA), archaeological consultant and Hannah Chevasse, researcher, also of Heritage Collective.

1.2 The subject of this assessment is the site known as Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire, here after referred to as the ‘application site’. The application site is located to the north of the village of Upper Tean and is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) SK (4)00624, (3)40357. (Appendix 1). The application site does not lie within a conservation area and does not contain any other designated heritage assets. To the north of the application site boundary lies a grade II listed building, The Anchor Inn (1281053).

1.3 Robert Coates Plant Sales has commissioned Heritage Collective to establish the archaeological potential of the site, and to provide guidance on ways to accommodate any relevant constraints identified. This assessment is in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the procedures set out in ‘Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment’1.

1.4 This desk-based assessment comprises an examination of evidence on the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (HER) together with a range of archives and libraries including the Staffordshire Record Office, The British Library and the National Archives. The report incorporates the results of a comprehensive map regression exercise in order to review the impacts of existing development on potential underlying archaeological deposits. A site visit was undertaken on the 28th April 2015.

1.5 The assessment thus enables all relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering and archaeological solutions to the potentials identified.

1 Chartered Institute for Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for historic desk-based assessment. CIfA (2014).

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2.0 PLANNING FRAMEWORK

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF)

2.1 Legislation regarding archaeology, including scheduled ancient monuments, is contained in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 and 2002.

2.2 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) published in March 2012 provides guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the preservation and investigation of archaeological remains. The framework sets out the obligations placed on the local planning authority (Chapter 12) through the development and implementation of a local plan. The framework also sets out the need for the determining authority to ensure that they have sufficient information when making decisions on applications affecting the historic environment.

2.1 In summary, government guidance on archaeology contained within the NPPF provides a structure for making decisions:

• where designated heritage assets (world heritage sites, scheduled monuments, listed buildings, protected wreck sites, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields and conservation areas) are affected by development

• where the settings of heritage assets are affected by development

• where nationally important un-scheduled monuments are affected by development

2.2 In addition the National Planning Policy Framework:

• requires the applicant to provide proportionate information on heritage assets affected by the proposals and an assessment of the impact of the proposed development on the significance of the heritage asset

• places a duty on the decision making body to determine applications on the basis of sufficient evidence, gathered if necessary from field evaluation.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Geology

3.1 The British Geological Survey identifies the underlying solid geology as Hawksmoor Formation comprising sandstone and conglomerate, an interbedded sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 246 to 251 million years ago during the Triassic Period in an environment dominated by rivers.2.

3.2 Through the centre of the site, running north to south, the superficial geology is identified as alluvium comprising clay, silt, sand and gravel formed up to 2 million years ago during the Quaternary Period in an environment dominated by rivers.

3.3 To either side of this, the superficial geology is identified as “River Terrace Deposits 1”, sand and gravel formed up to 3 million years ago during the Quaternary Period in an environment previously dominated by rivers.

3.4 Collectively these geological deposits suggest that the River Tean which currently forms the western side of the application site has shifted in its course westwards from the centre of the application site.

3.5 No site specific geotechnical information is currently available.

Site Location and Topography

3.6 The application site is located to the west of Cheadle Road and occupies predominantly pasture land between the road and the River Tean. In general, the land falls from approximately 141m AOD by Cheadle Road to approximately 130m AOD against the river. Breaks of mature deciduous trees running broadly north to south through the centre of the application site mark the location of former water channels associated with an industrial complex to the south of the application site, on of which was known as Mill Lade

3.7 The application site comprises a roughly rectangular shaped plot of land measuring approximately 270m north to south and 140m east to west, enclosing an area of approximately 3.5ha. The application site is currently

2 British Geological Survey online viewer http://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/mapViewers/home.html

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occupied by open pastureland with occasional breaks of mature trees and shrub vegetation. The application site is bounded to the north by mixed fencing delimiting the site from Breach Lane and the land around Ivy Cottage. To the east the application site is bounded by a mature hedgerow running along the side of Cheadle Road whilst the south the application site is bounded by concrete post and wooden panel fencing around the gardens of houses forming 137 to 149 Cheadle Road. To the west of the gardens the boundary is marked by mature hedgerows continuing to the River Tean which is largely unfenced but marked by sparsely placed mature willow trees.

3.8 Within the site there are a number of features relating to previous activity, in addition to Mill Lade noted above. In the centre-west of the application site is a small drain which runs north to south and is shown on the current OS map. The drain is open at its southern end and runs across much of the site. A number of small trees line the drain on both sides. On the northern part of the site the drain is underground leading from the River Tean via a culvert. The brick lining of the culvert is visible at the point where the drain becomes open. The southern part of the drain leads to the south of the site and then turns to the west to lead into the River Tean via a sluice gate (now ruinous).

3.9 In the north western corner of the site there is a thicket of bushes in the approximate location of a small structure, marked on the 1st edition OS map. There are no obvious structural remains in that area.

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1 Timescales used in this report:

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 450,000 - 12,000 BC Mesolithic 12,000 - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 - 1,800 BC Bronze Age 1,800 - 600 BC Iron Age 600 - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 Medieval AD 1066 - 1485 Post Medieval AD 1486 - 1800 Modern AD 1800 - Present

4.2 This chapter considers the archaeological finds and features from within a 2km radius of the study site, held on the Staffordshire Historic Environment Record (HER), here after referred to as the ‘study area’, together with a map regression exercise charting the history of the site from the late 18th century to the present day.

4.3 The application site does not lie within a conservation area, nor is it constrained by any other designated heritage assets within the application site boundary. There is a grade II listed public house outside the north eastern corner of the site. Upper Tean Conservation Area lies to the south of the application site and this contains a number of other listed buildings, both grade II and grade II*. The nearest scheduled monument is located c. 1.8km to the southeast. The heritage asset maps and catalogue are included in this report at Appendix 2, showing the distribution of entries in the vicinity of the application site. The map regression (Appendix 3) indicates that the application site was utilised as peripheral land to the adjacent mill from at least the mid 19th century, during which time it served as pasture, mill stream and a small enclosure containing a house and grounds. The house was demolished in the mid 20th century but otherwise the use of the land appears to have remained constant through to the present.

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Earlier Prehistoric – Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

4.4 Our knowledge of early prehistoric archaeological remains has increased following analysis of aerial photography. The earliest artefactual material recovered within the area comprises hand axes of Palaeolithic date found at Shenstone and Drayton Bassett. Traces of activity associated with Upper Palaeolithic occupation have been recorded in four caves in the Manifold Valley.

4.5 Finds of Mesolithic date are more widespread and have been discovered at many places, notably at Bourne Pool, Aldridge. The assemblage of Mesolithic finds so far recovered in the wider area lack any wood cutting tools and therefore suggest a simple culture of hunting and food gathering. The Neolithic period is represented in this area both by a number of stone axes discovered throughout the county and by evidence of funerary monuments in the form of barrows or collective barrow-mounds. Two survive near Wetton and the ‘Devil’s Ring and Finger’ near Mucklestone is probably the remains of a third. It is of note that an impressive group of stones near Biddulph, known as the Bridestones, is often included in accounts of Stafforshire prehistory, but it is in fact just inside Cheshire. The stones represent the remains of a large ‘long barrow’, probably of Neolithic date, straddling the county boundary.

4.6 The HER does not contain any entries relating to the earlier prehistoric period within the study area and consequently the potential for archaeological remains from this period to be encountered on the application site is considered to be low.

Later Prehistoric – Bronze Age and Iron Age

4.7 Evidence for Bronze Age activity is most visibly demonstrated by the survival of round barrows, of which well over a hundred survive, chiefly but not exclusively in the Moorlands region to the north of the application site. Nicholas Thomas has suggested3 that the central lowland was open enough for a regular trade route to have developed between the Rivers Severn and Trent, and a drawing of 1686 recorded a number of mounds roughly along the line of Watling Street, some of which may have been round barrows. This suggests a possible prehistoric routeway crossing the southern upland on its way from the Tame Valley to the River Penk.

3 Palliser, D.M. The Staffordshire Landscape. Hodder and Staughton (1976) p.37

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4.8 During the Iron Age, seven strategic heights in the county were commanded by hillforts. Three of these skirt the northern hills whilst three are in the south including Kinver Edge near Kidderminster, Castle Ring and Bury Ring in the vicinity of Stafford. These defended sites dominate regions that were used for seasonal grazing and possibly for intercommoning by different tribal groups4. In the Moorlands, notably north of Ilam, traces of possible ‘Celtic’ field systems have been identified suggesting organised farming and while the date of these remains uncertain, they are most likely to be Iron Age or Roman. Similarly, aerial photographs have identified a large number of Iron Age and/ or Roman farmsteads on the gravels in the southeast of the county, represented as cropmarks.

4.9 Within the study area, the later prehistoric period is represented on the Staffordshire HER with the inclusion of three barrows, a cemetery site and two findsports. Two of the barrows are documented as ‘possible’ barrow sites located on high ground to the southeast (MST3993) and southwest (MST1888) of the application site. The latter is inferred from placename evidence as the settlement in this area is called Totmonslow, interpreted as meaning Totman’s burial mound. Further analysis of the name has suggested a parallel with the German ‘totman’ meaning dead man. The earliest reference to the name is from the 16th century. The barrow to the south southeast is a physical feature, previously thought to be a hollowed out barrow. More recently however it is thought that the feature is too large and in the absence of a surrounding ditch it has been suggested that this is of natural origins. The third barrow (MST114) is located on the very edge of the study area, approximately 1.8km southeast of the application site and is less ambiguous. It is a bowl barrow, set on an artificial platform and is a scheduled monument (1008540) dating to the Bronze Age.

4.10 The cemetery site was recorded in 1728 (MST1945) during the construction of a house in Over Tean, approximately 1km south southeast of the application site. The discovery included two urns, both inverted and one containing bone. Because of the antiquity of the discovery and the fact that this is from a documentary source, the finds are only broadly dated between the early Neolithic to late Iron Age.

4 Thompson, W.J. Industrial Archaeology of North Staffordshire. Moorland Publishing Company (nd) p.32

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4.11 The two findspots are both unstratified objects and include a quartzite axe hammer (MST1646) and a perforated stone (MST6066), both recovered in the vicinity of Coney Greave Farm at Draycott in the Moors, approximately 1.3km to the northwest of the application site. The precise date of these artefacts is unknown although typological analysis of the axe hammer suggests a date of Neolithic or Bronze Age. However, as both were unstratified, they may have moved a considerable distance before being recovered.

4.12 The entries on the Staffordshire HER for the later prehistoric period provide an unclear impression of occupation and activity within the study area at this time. Unsurprisingly the funerary monuments are focused on high ground to the east and west of the application site although the only definite barrow is at the edge of the study area to the south. The cemetery remains were documented in antiquity and therefore further analysis is not possible and the provenance of the unstratified finds remains undetermined. In the absence of other evidence of later prehistoric activity in the study area, the potential for encountering further remains from these periods within the application site is considered to be low.

Roman

4.13 Following the Claudian Invasion of Britain in the first century AD, the Roman army moved into Staffordshire in AD 47, establishing the main road now called Watling Street. Military forts along this route, at Wall and south of Penkridge may date from as early as AD50. Subsequently, a network of secondary and minor roads were constructed. This includes the Littlechester to Chesterton road which runs through the study area, approximately 550m to the south of the application site. This formed part of the road known as Ryknild Street which crossed the county roughly parallel to Watling Street. It has been traced westward from Derby through Rocester to Chesterton and probably continued north-west through Middlewich into Lancashire, although the link has not been proved. Evidence of non-urban settlement activity in the area is relatively limited with only a small number of villas so far identified including those at Tyrley and Engleton although cropmarks suggest further farmsteads in the Tame and Trent Valleys.

4.14 In the vicinity of the road, documentary records suggest the recovery of a Roman object near Overton in 1871. The circular lead case (MST1621) was said to have been recovered from the north of an ‘entrenchment’ which also

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produced pottery and an iron fibula but was subsequently ‘destroyed’. The only other evidence for Roman activity comes from the recovery of another find in the south of the study area, close to Lower Tean and comprising a Roman coin (MST16729). The coin was badly corroded, probably a sestertius dating between the 1st and 3rd century AD and was recovered through metal detecting.

4.15 Although the application site lies in the vicinity of a documented Roman route through the region, the paucity of other evidence for this period suggests that the study area lay in undeveloped countryside at this time, possibly still wooded but at best, in the rural hinterland between settlements. Consequently the potential for evidence dating from this period to be encountered on the application site is considered to be low.

Saxon/ Early Medieval

4.16 Following the withdrawal of the Roman Empire from Britain, a tribe known as the Angles apparently penetrated Staffordshire in the late 6th century. Contemporary Welsh poems talk about ‘Cynddylan, a British Prince, who ruled at Wroxeter. He allied with Morfael of ‘Luitcoet’ and together they defeated the Angles in battle which took place around the year AD 655. Morfael is believed to have been an independent prince living in the neighbourhood of Wall or Lichfield.

4.17 The Mercians or West Angles gradually conquered or absorbed most of the other Midland tribes, and in its heyday from about 650-870 Mercia was a powerful state stretching from the Humber to the Thames. Its heartland remained in the Trent Valley, with Lichfield its earliest and chief cathedral and Tamworth its most important Royal residence.

4.18 Although its inclusion in Domesday suggests that Upper Tean has earlier origins, there is no physical evidence to support this and the HER contains only one entry relating to artefactual evidence within the study area, namely the recovery of an unstratified silver finger ring. This was found through metal detecting in the Draycott in the Moors area. As there is so little evidence of Anglo-Saxon activity within the study area, the potential for archaeological remains dating from this period to be encountered on the site is considered to be low.

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Medieval

4.19 Following the Norman invasion of 1066, a number of battles occurred in the north, including early in 1069 when a Norman army was destroyed at Durham and a combined Danish and English Army captured York. William the Conqueror defeated an uprising in Staffordshire in a battle near Stafford before marching north. A number of castles were built as visible signs of a Norman presence including one in Stafford.

4.20 At the time of the Domesday Survey, the settlement was known as Tene and had six villagers, six smallholders with land for three ploughs and three slaves. A market was granted by Nicholas de Beck in 1355 to be held on Tuesdays.

4.21 The HER contains a number of entries relating to this period, the majority documenting evidence for ridge and furrow earthworks (MST5379. 5380, 5381, 5426, 5428, 17766, 17767, 17768, 17792, 17793). For the most part these entries are situated in the rural land to the south, east and west of Upper Tean Village, some way from the application site, with only two entries to the north, close to Cheadle. Of the remaining four entries, one (MST39) relates to a possibly natural, circular mound which may have been a motte although archaeological investigations have failed to identify any archaeological remains. The site at Huntley, approximately 850m north of the application site and known as Castle Mound, was formerly scheduled but subsequently taken off the statutory list. Further to the north, on the western fringes of Cheadle lies the former site of Litley Manor (MST568), a medieval estate within the manor of Cheadle, owned initially by the Lytlehays and subsequently passing to the Berdemores and Roger de Oneley. The site of the former manor house is now occupied by a modern farmhouse.

4.22 The remaining two entries relating to the medieval period identify findspots of unstratified artefacts. To the west of Upper Tean, c. 750m to the southwest of the application site, a gold finger ring (MST13633) was recovered although the circumstances in which it was found are not recorded. The other find was of a harness pendant (MST16735), recovered through metal detecting to the south of Upper Tean, 1.7km southeast of the application site.

4.23 In summary, it is apparent that the application site lay in the rural hinterland between medieval villages in this area and was probably in use as agricultural

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land although this may well have been pastoral. Given the relatively low lying nature of the application site and its proximity to the River Tean, the site may have been subject to seasonal flooding which may explain why there is no evidence of ridge and furrow cultivation within the application boundary. Furthermore, the gradient of the land adjacent to Cheadle Road suggests it has not been the site of roadside occupation as this would most likely have resulted in artificial terracing which would be apparent in the current fields. Consequently the potential for archaeological remains dating from this period to be encountered on the site is considered to be low to moderate with any remains most likely related to the agricultural use of the land, comprising former field boundaries and drains rather than sedentary occupation.

Post Medieval

4.24 The study area in this period was located within the parish of Checkley. The remaining entries on the Staffordshire HER relate to post-medieval features and finds, which include a number of standing buildings, some of which are listed, but also many entries relating to the areas industrial heritage along with the encroachment of the growing village of Upper Tean. The HER contains a number of entries relating to both extant and former features of the Teanford Mill, immediately to the north of the application site and two entries relating to the Croft Bleachworks, established in 1750, immediately to the south. The bleachworks is of relevance to the application site as Mill Lade, a former watercourse running north-south through its centre formed part of the water management system providing power to the original works prior to its conversion to steam power.

4.25 Yates’ map of 1775 (Appendix 3.1) represents the earliest map of the study area in this assessment and illustrates the general topography of the area along with its major routes and buildings. The map shows The Anchor Inn (now listed grade II) on the crossroads to the northeast of the application site and the cluster of buildings forming Upper Tean but does not provide any detail of the land within the application site or show buildings in the vicinity of the bleachworks.

4.26 The early 19th century maps begin with the Ordnance Surveyors Drawing of 1837 (Appendix 3.2) which does give details of both the bleachworks complex and within the application site, at least two linear features running north – south

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through the application site. These are interpreted as being mill streams or ‘lades’ and although of rather poor resolution, it is apparent from this drawing that these two watercourses are unconnected at the southern extreme, possibly suggesting that the works to the south had already been converted to steam power by this time and that the mill streams were no longer in use. It is equally possible however that that the water was channelled through culverts and therefore not illustrated beyond that point. This map also shows a small building, within the application site, located a short distance to the northwest of the mill lades. The bleachworks is labelled as ‘Bleaching Yard’ whilst to the north of the application site, the Teanford Mill is shown as a small and discrete building or complex.

4.27 The Checkley Tithe Map (Appendix 3.3) is the first to give a clear illustration of the water features within the application site, showing two principle channels running broadly parallel with the river and turning westwards at the southern end. There is a third, much shorter channel to the west and this is connected with at least one of the larger channels although all three appear to be disconnected, at the surface at least, with the larger ponds and channels which lie beyond the application site boundary to the south. The small building in the north of the application site is shown within a small and discrete oval parcel of land. The accompanying apportionment to the map identifies the building plot (438) and the eastern field (437) as being owned by Richard Howe with the field being described as pasture known ‘Lower Faiford’ and the building is described as ‘house and garden’, occupied by ‘Samuel Blood and others’. The remaining plot within the application site is shown as a subdivision of the bleachworks to the south, owned and occupied by ‘Phillips and Company (new co)’, plot 435 described as ‘Bleaching Yard and Croft’ in use as pasture.

4.28 By the time of the First Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1881 (Appendix 3.4), the easternmost of the larger channels within the application site appears to have been infilled although the line of it is roughly marked by a field boundary and the remaining long channel is now labelled as ‘Mill Lade’. At the southern end of Mill Lade, a sluice is identified were it connects with the east-west channel. The house to the immediate north of this is shown with more extensive gardens and two tracks or paths are shown leading to the house from the north and east. Immediately to the west of the house and running southwards to the edge of the application site, a small escarpment is shown and its straightness suggests that this was engineered to protect the land to the east from flooding.

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The southernmost part of the application site, whilst apparently remaining as open ground, is illustrated as being laid out in a grid-iron series of small enclosures and although not identified as such, this may be drying racks for the bleached tape produced in the adjacent works. The remainder of the application site appears unchanged and undeveloped.

4.29 The Second Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1901 (Appendix 3.5) shows very little change within the application site. The possible drying racks are no longer illustrated and part of the land to the south of the application site has been developed for housing. There is no significant change to the application site through the next 50 years (Appendix 3.6 and 3.7) but by 1977, the Ordnance Survey map (Appendix 3.8) shows that the house in the northern part of the application site has been demolished. The southern boundary of the former gardens around it is still illustrated and the western part of the application site as a whole is identified as marshy or rough ground.

4.30 The modern aerial images from 2003 (Appendix 3.9) and 2013 (Appendix 3.10) show how little alteration has taken place during the latter part of the 20th century. The boundaries delimiting the northern part of the application site have been removed and the line of the former channels is marked by lines of mature trees but otherwise the land remains undeveloped and uncultivated. To the immediate south of the application site, further housing has been built along Cheadle Road and parts of the former bleachworks have been demolished.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

5.1 The application site is currently occupied by grazing land and stocked with horses. There are breaks of mature trees, largely marking the site of former water channels. Further evidence of these channels survives in brick culverts in the west of the application site and the marshy depressions which remain beneath the trees. The site of a former house in the northern part of the application site is now marked by shrub vegetation and the former gardens by taller weeds.

5.2 Other than the former building plot and water channels, the application site appears to have been utilised as grazing land from at least the mid 19th century onwards. The historic maps and other documentary sources suggest that the former house and water channels were constructed between 1750 and 1837. The land use prior to this is unknown although there is no indication that significant or substantial occupation of the site took place prior to the 18th century and in all likelihood, the site has formed grazing land between major settlements since the Iron Age.

5.3 Existing impacts on any surviving archaeological deposits and features will predominantly derive from the construction of the house and gardens in the north, the water channels in the centre and west and the escarpment along the river during the late 18th or early 19th centuries. It is of note that these features in themselves may well survive in the archaeological record. The creation of boundary ditches and subsequent grubbing out of hedgerows is also likely to have removed or disturbed below ground deposits in those areas.

Development Proposals

5.4 The proposed development involves the construction of a housing development with associated landscaping, access, hard standing and amenity areas (Appendix 4).The proposed development is confined to the eastern side of the application site.

5.5 Foundations, service trenches and other intrusive groundworks will impact on the existing ground. These intrusions are likely to encounter evidence of infilled

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18th century water channel in the centre of the application site and possible ephemeral evidence of drying racks in the south. The possibility of encountering as yet unknown archaeological remains cannot be discounted although this assessment suggests this to be very unlikely.

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6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 The site known as Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire is proposed for development.

6.2 In line with the policies of the local planning authority and national government guidance as set out in the NPPF, an archaeological desk-based assessment has been undertaken to clarify the archaeological potential of the application site and assess the level of impact development proposals may have on any archaeology present.

6.3 Existing impacts on any archaeological deposits and features will predominantly derive from the construction of the house and gardens in the north, the water channels in the centre and west and the escarpment along the river during the late 18th or early 19th centuries. The creation of boundary ditches and subsequent grubbing out of hedgerows is also likely to have removed or disturbed below ground deposits in those areas.

6.4 On the basis of the available evidence it is advised that, due to a potential for post-medieval remains within the application site, an archaeological evaluation be carried out on areas within the proposed development footprint. In the first instance this should involve a geophysical survey which would inform the need and scope for any further archaeological work. There is no evidence, either from the documentary sources or from the site walkover that any remains of national significance survive on the application site and consequently archaeological mitigation can be secured through the imposition of a suitably worded condition on the consented application.

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SOURCES CONSULTED

British Library The National Archives The Staffordshire Record Office The William Salt Library

Primary Sources

British Library

OS Sheet XXV.2 1:2500 1881, 1901, 1924

The National Archives

IR 30/32/63 Tithe Map of Checkley 1842 IR 29/32/63 Tithe Apportionment of Checkley 1842

The Staffordshire Record Office

Yates’ Map of Staffordshire 1775 Greenwood’s Map of the County of Stafford 1819 IR 30/32/63 Tithe Map of Checkley 1842 IR 29/32/63 Tithe Apportionment of Checkley 1842 D4504/1 Enclosure map of Cheadle parish 1831 D5476/A/10/7 Map of water supplies to Croft Mill 1957

Secondary Sources

Reports

Garwood, P. Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Funerary Monuments and Burial Traditions in the West Midlands. Garwood, P. (ed) The Undiscovered Country: The Earlier Prehistory of the West Midlands. Oxbow (2007), p134-165. Horovitz, D. The Place-Names of Staffordshire. David Horovitz (2005).

Archaeological Desk Cheadle Road, Upper On behalf of Robert Coates June 2015 © 21 Based Assessment Tean, Staffordshire Plant Sales

Ray, P. The Neolithic in the West Midlands: An overview. In: Garwood, P. (ed) The Undiscovered Country: The Earlier Prehistory of the West Midlands. Oxbow (2007), p51-78.

Books

Garwood, P. (ed) The Undiscovered Country: The Earlier Prehistory of the West Midlands. Oxbow (2007). Green, N. History of Tean. Unpublished typescript (2010). Green, N. A History of Tean Hall Mills. Unpublished typescript (2011). Greenslade, M.W. and Jenkins, J.G. (eds). A History of the County of Stafford: Volume II, Victoria County History (1967) Lewis, R. Stafford Past: An Illustrated History. Phillimore (1997). Palliser, D.M. The Staffordshire Landscape. Hodder and Staughton (1976). Plant, R. History of Cheadle and other places. (1881). Sherlock, R. The Industrial Archaeology of Staffordshire. David & Charles. (1976). Thompson, W.J. Industrial Archaeology of North Staffordshire. Moorland Publishing Company (nd).

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HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 1: Site location maps

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Licence number LIG1153

Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright [2008] All rights reserved.

Appendix 1.1: Site location

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire On behalf of Robert Coats Plant Sales May 2015 © HeritageCollective

Licence number LIG1153

Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright [2008] All rights reserved.

Appendix 1.2: Detailed site location

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire On behalf of Robert Coats Plant Sales May 2015 © HeritageCollective

Appendix 1.3: Site layout Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 2: HER map and list

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales Legend Scheduled monuments Grade II* listed buildings Grade II listed buildings Upper Tean Conservation Area Application boundary 2km study area 1204649 1037954

1037955 1204655

1037979

1037953

1281053

1037963 1205099 1281010 1374675 Site Name: 1374674 1204883 Cheadle Road, 1204888 Upper Tean, 1392047 1037927 1037929 Staffordshire

1037964 Scale: 1280982 1:15,000 @ A3 1280925 1374696 1374676 On Behalf of:

ROBERT COATES PLANT SALES

1037937 HeritageCollective 1374700 [email protected] 1008540 www.heritagecollective.co.uk 1037939 Appendix 2.1: 1280886

1205143 Designated heritage assets 1037936 within 2km

Kilometers Date: Revision: 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright [2008] All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001351 22/04/2015 v. 1 Legend MST568 Prehistoric MST12449 Roman MST245 Roman road Saxon/ Early Medieval Medieval MST21340 MST21552 MST5426 Post-medieval

MST4158 Cheadle Branch Railway MST9468 Education character area

ranch Railway Floodplain fields character area MST4160 Sports field character area MST21339 MST9526 Suburban character area Cheadle B MST1646 Application boundary 2km study area

MST9470 MST16494 MST39

MST6066 MST9527 MST9469 MST18539

MST21341 MST21344

MST17813 MST2282 MST17816 MST17815 MST17817 MST9525 MST17814 MST21348 MST9528 MST21433

MST3993

MST1888 MST2237 MST1222 MST11231 MST17812 MST17805 MST17801 - 17803 MST17797 MST9797 MST9631 MST17806 MST614 MST12810 Littleche MST12811 Site Name: ster to Ch MST1621 esterton Rom Cheadle Road, an Road MST9632 MST9652 MST17792 Upper Tean, MST12495 - 9636 MST9651 MST18115 MST6015 Staffordshire

MST6065 Scale: MST9636 MST13633 MST17794 - 9638 MST13308 1:15,000 @ A3 - 17796 MST17804 MST9639 MST17768 MST17793 MST9648 On Behalf of: MST2568 MST9640 MST5379 ROBERT COATES PLANT SALES MST17766 MST1946 MST17798 MST21343 MST18134 MST17799 MST9807 MST9800 MST17767 MST17800 MST14089 HeritageCollective MST9806 MST16334 MST5381 MST5382 [email protected] MST21553 MST114 www.heritagecollective.co.uk MST21342 MST16388 MST5380 MST16729 Appendix 2.2: MST16735 MST14368 MST9801 Entries on the Staffordshire historic MST1628 environment record within 2km MST9796 MST14624 MST9795 Kilometers Date: Revision: 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Ordnance Survey © Crown Copyright [2008] All rights reserved. Licence Number LAN1001351 22/04/2015 v. 1 HeritageCollective

CHEADLE ROAD, UPPER TEAN, STAFORDSHIRE

Appendix 2.3: Designated and non-designated heritage assets within 2km

Designated Heritage Assets (see Appendix 2.1)

List entry Name Grade Easting Northing Scheduled monuments 1008540 Bowl Barrow 280m ESE of Hall Green House 401720.8 338741 Grade II* listed buildings 1037964 NEW TEAN HALL MILL II* 400989 339552.4 1280982 TEAN HALL II* 401014 339544.4 Grade II listed buildings 1037927 2, HOLLINGTON ROAD II 401131 339548.4 1037929 PIERS AND RAILINGS TO NORTH WEST LODGE TO HEATH HOUSE II 402198 339498.4 1037936 FOOTBRIDGE OVER RIVER TEAN SK 014385 II 401400 338500.4 1037937 HALL GREEN HOUSE II 401450 338839.4 1037939 10-16, UTTOXETER ROAD II 401529 338668.4 1037953 THE SHIP INN II 400715 340614.4 1037954 MOBBERLEY HOUSE II 400769 341640.4 1037955 TOLLGATE HOUSE II 400672 341147.4 1037963 31, HIGH STREET II 401011 339582.4 1037979 CHURCH OF ST CHAD II 401920 341132.4 1204649 THE EAVES II 401096 341787.4

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1204655 CHURCH SCHOOL AND SCHOOL HOUSE OF ST CHAD II 401911 341166.4 1204883 37, HIGH STREET II 401062 339581.4 1204888 14, 14A AND 16, HIGH STREET II 400913 339571.4 1205099 BROOKLANDS II 400908 339710.4 1205143 YEWTREE II 401605 338640.4 1280886 THE COTTAGE AND ADJOINING UNIT II 401484 338542.4 1280925 MILEPOST IN FRONT OF HALL YARD BUILDINGS: THE YOUNG GENERATION II 401041.4 339560.4 AND BEAUTIFUL HOMES 1281010 31A AND 33, HIGH STREET II 401021 339579.4 1281053 THE ANCHOR INN II 400698 340463.4 1374674 THE WHITE HART II 400889 339603.4 1374675 35, HIGH STREET II 401040 339576.4 1374676 HALL YARD BUILDINGS: THE YOUNG GENERATION AND BEAUTIFUL HOMES II 401037 339548.4 1374696 NORTH WEST LODGE TO HEATH HOUSE II 402206 339490.4 1374700 HALL GREEN FARMHOUSE II 401317 338818.4 1392047 MILEPOST AT SJ9945039761 APPROXIMATELY 140M EAST OF II 399460.6 339757.6 TOTMONSLOW FARM Conservation Areas Upper Tean

Non designated Assets (see Appendix 2.2)

Monument ID Name Monument type Date range Notes Prehistoric MST114 Round Barrow, Lower Tean ROUND BARROW -2350 to - Monument 701 MST1646 Axe Hammer Findspot, Draycott in the Moors FINDSPOT -4000 to - Findspot 2351

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MST1888 Possible Site of Barrow, Totmonslow BARROW, ROUND BARROW -4000 to Monument 1065 (Location Uncertain) MST1946 Cremation Burials, Checkley CREMATION BURIAL -4000 to 42 Monument (Location Uncertain) MST3993 Went Low (Possible Barrow), Upper Tean, Checkley BARROW, NATURAL FEATURE? -2350 to - Monument (Extent 701 Undefined) MST6066 Perforated Stone, Coney Greave Farm, Draycott in the FINDSPOT -4000 to 42 Findspot Moors Roman MST1222 Littlechester to Chesterton Roman Road ROAD 43 to 409 Monument MST1621 Lead Case Findspot, Overton, Upper Tean FINDSPOT 43 to 409 Findspot MST16729 Roman Coin Findspot, Checkley FINDSPOT 43 to 269 Findspot (PAS) Saxon/ Early Medieval MST2568 Upper Tean / Tean / Tene (Settlement) MARKET, SETTLEMENT 410 to 1355 Placename or Settlement MST18115 Silver Finger Ring Findspot, Draycott in the Moors FINDSPOT 410 to 1065 Findspot (Treasure) Medieval MST39 Castle Mound, Huntley, Cheadle MOTTE?, NATURAL FEATURE? 1066 to 1485 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST568 Litley Manor, Cheadle MANOR, MANOR HOUSE 1265 to 1299 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST5379 Ridge and Furrow, East of Upper Tean, Checkley RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST5380 Ridge and Furrow, West of Lower Tean, Checkley RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST5381 Ridge and Furrow, South-West of Upper Tean, Checkley RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST5382 Ridge and Furrow, East of Lower Tean, Checkley RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST5426 Ridge and Furrow, South-East of Cheadle RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST5428 Ridge and Furrow, South-West of Cheadle RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST13633 Finger Ring Findspot, Checkley FINDSPOT 1066 to 1799 Findspot

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MST16735 Harness Pendant Findspot, Checkley FINDSPOT 1250 to 1399 Findspot (PAS) MST17766 Possible Ridge and Furrow, South of Totmonslow, Draycott RIDGE AND FURROW? 1066 to 1485 Monument in the Moors MST17767 Ridge and Furrow, South of Totmonslow, Draycott in the RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument Moors MST17768 Ridge and Furrow, South of Totmonslow, Draycott in the RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument Moors MST17792 Ridge and Furrow, North of Oakhill, Checkley RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument MST17793 Ridge and Furrow, South-East of Totmonslow, Draycott in RIDGE AND FURROW 1066 to 1485 Monument the Moors Post-medieval MST245 Site of brickworks (and possible watermill), Cheadle BRICKWORKS, WATERMILL? 1844 to 1902 Monument MST614 Upper Tean Bridge, Checkley ROAD BRIDGE 1600 to 1899 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST1628 Water Mill Complex, Mill Green, Lower Tean CORN MILL, MILL POND, MILL RACE, 1775 to 1775 Monument SLUICE, WATERMILL MST2237 Croft Bleachworks Complex, Checkley BLEACHERY, CHIMNEY, MILL POND, MILL 1750 to 1841 Monument RACE, STEAM MILL, WATERMILL MST2282 Tenford Mill, Cheadle CORN MILL, DYE WORKS, FLINT MILL, 1547 to 1900 Building or Structure WATERMILL MST4158 Coal Pits, Mobberley Farm, Cheadle COLLIERY, EXTRACTIVE PIT 1486 to 1899 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST4160 Possible Mining Features, Plantation House, Cheadle MINE 1486 to 1799 Monument MST6015 Heath House Park, Checkley LANDSCAPE PARK 1775 to 1834 Monument MST6065 Silver Coin, Wallfield Close, Upper Tean FINDSPOT 1547 to 1899 Findspot MST9468 The Eaves, Eaves Lane, Cheadle FARMHOUSE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST9469 Church of Saint Chad, Freehay, Cheadle CHAPEL OF EASE 1842 to 1843 Building or Structure MST9470 School and School House, Church of Saint Chad, Freehay, SCHOOL, SCHOOL HOUSE 1846 to 1846 Building or Structure Cheadle

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MST9525 The Ship Inn, Tean Road, Cheadle HOUSE, INN 1765 to 1999 Building or Structure MST9526 Mobberley House, Tean Road, Cheadle FARMHOUSE 1765 to 1799 Building or Structure MST9527 Tollgate House, Tean Road, Cheadle TOLL HOUSE 1830 to 1830 Building or Structure MST9528 The Anchor Inn, Tean Road, Cheadle INN 1757 to 1757 Building or Structure MST9631 The White Hart, High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley INN 1700 to 1799 Building or Structure MST9632 31 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley HOUSE, SHOP 1800 to 1864 Building or Structure MST9633 31a and 33 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley HOUSE, SHOP 1765 to 1834 Building or Structure MST9634 35 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley TOWN HOUSE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST9635 37 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley HOUSE 1735 to 1764 Building or Structure MST9636 14, 14a and 16 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley HOUSE 1700 to 1799 Building or Structure MST9637 New Tean Hall Mills, High Street, Upper Tean TEXTILE MILL 1750 to 1899 Building or Structure MST9638 Tean Hall, High Street, Upper Tean HOUSE, TIMBER FRAMED HOUSE 1613 to 1613 Building or Structure MST9639 20 High Street, Upper Tean, Checkley TEXTILE MILL? 1765 to 1799 Building or Structure MST9640 Milepost, In Front of Number 20, High Street, Upper Tean MILEPOST 1828 to 1828 Monument MST9648 2 Hollington Road, Upper Tean, Checkley HOUSE, TIMBER FRAMED HOUSE 1600 to 1864 Building or Structure MST9651 North West Lodge, Heath House, Hollington Road, Checkley GATE LODGE 1830 to 1831 Building or Structure MST9652 Piers and Railings to North West Lodge, Heath House, GATE PIER, RAILINGS 1830 to 1831 Building or Structure Hollington Road, Checkley MST9795 The Cottage and Adjoining Unit, Mill Lane, Lower Tean HOUSE 1691 to 1691 Building or Structure MST9796 Footbridge over River Tean, Mill Lane, Lower Tean FOOTBRIDGE 1700 to 1799 Monument MST9797 Brooklands, Old Road, Checkley HOUSE 1735 to 1764 Building or Structure MST9800 Hall Green House, Uttoxeter Road, Hall Green, Checkley HOUSE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST9801 Yewtree, Uttoxeter Road, Lower Tean HOUSE 1765 to 1799 Building or Structure MST9806 10, 12, 14 and 16 Uttoxeter Road, Lower Tean HOUSE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST9807 Hall Green Farmhouse, Uttoxeter Road, Hall Green, FARMHOUSE 1635 to 1664 Building or Structure Checkley MST11231 Site of Farmhouse, Little Totmonslow Farm, Draycott in the FARMHOUSE 1775 to 1799 Monument

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Moors MST12449 Possible Mining Features, Mobberley Farm, Cheadle EXTRACTIVE PIT?, LINEAR FEATURE?, 1700 to 1899 Monument MINE? MST12495 Milepost, near Totmonslow Farm MILEPOST 1828 to 1828 Monument MST12810 Well, St Thomas' Road, Upper Tean WELL 1800 to 1899 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST12811 Textile Workers' Cottages, St Thomas' Road, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1775 to 1834 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST13308 Great Wood Primary School, Vicarage Road, Upper Tean SCHOOL 1855 to 1855 Building or Structure MST14089 Hall Green Farm, Checkley FARMSTEAD 1635 to 1664 Monument MST14368 Willowgate Farm, Uttoxeter Road, Checkley DISPERSED MULTI YARD PLAN, 1700 to 1899 Monument FARMSTEAD?, ORCHARD MST14624 Heybridge Farm, Lower Tean FARMSTEAD 1835 to 1864 Monument MST16334 Crotal Bell Findspot, Checkley FINDSPOT 1600 to 1799 Findspot (PAS) MST16388 Crotal Bell Findspot, Checkley FINDSPOT 1600 to 1800 Findspot (PAS) MST16494 Lead Token Findspot, Cheadle FINDSPOT 1600 to 1700 Findspot (PAS) MST17794 The Island, Upper Tean, Checkley TERRACE, TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST17795 The Island, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST17796 15 The Island, Upper Tean CRUCK HOUSE 1486 to 1799 Building or Structure MST17797 1-5 Old Road, Upper Tean POLICE HOUSE, TERRACE 1835 to 1864 Building or Structure MST17798 Hall Yard, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1835 to 1880 Building or Structure MST17799 Hall Meadow, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1835 to 1880 Building or Structure MST17800 Adam's Valley, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1835 to 1880 Building or Structure MST17801 Kiln Croft, Gorsty Hill Road, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1880 to 1899 Building or Structure MST17802 Holborn Row, Gorsty Hill Road, Upper Tean TEXTILE WORKERS COTTAGE 1800 to 1834 Building or Structure MST17803 Former Independent Chapel, St Thomas Road, Upper Tean CONGREGATIONAL CHAPEL 1808 to 1808 Building or Structure MST17804 Christ Church, Hollington Road, Upper Tean CHAPEL OF EASE 1842 to 1842 Building or Structure MST17805 Providence Chapel, New Road, Upper Tean NONCONFORMIST CHAPEL 1822 to 1822 Building or Structure

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MST17806 Providence Chapel Graveyard, New Road, Upper Tean NONCONFORMIST CEMETERY 1822 to 1822 Monument MST17812 Terrace, Cheadle Road, Upper Tean TERRACE 1880 to 1899 Building or Structure MST17813 Site of Mill Pond, Teanford Mill, Cheadle MILL POND 1880 to 1880 Monument MST17814 Mill Race, Teanford Mill, Cheadle MILL RACE 1486 to 1799 Monument MST17815 Site of Furnace, Teanford, Cheadle FURNACE 1735 to 1735 Monument (Location Uncertain) MST17816 Site of Old limekiln, Teanford Mill, Cheadle LIME KILN 1486 to 1880 Monument (Extent Undefined) MST17817 Workers Houses, Teanford, Cheadle TERRACE, WORKERS COTTAGE 1880 to 1900 Building or Structure MST18134 Outfarm, West of Heath House, Checkley OUTFARM, REGULAR COURTYARD L PLAN 1835 to 1899 Monument MST18539 Cheadle Branch Railway RAILWAY 1900 to 1955 Monument MST21339 The Eaves Farm, Cheadle DISPERSED CLUSTER PLAN, FARMSTEAD 1800 to 1834 Monument MST21340 Little Eaves Farm, Cheadle FARMSTEAD, REGULAR COURTYARD L PLAN 1775 to 1834 Monument MST21341 Leachdale Farm, Cheadle FARMSTEAD, LINEAR PLAN 1880 to 1899 Monument MST21342 Bent House Farm, Checkley FARMSTEAD, REGULAR COURTYARD L PLAN 1835 to 1864 Monument MST21343 Daisy Bank Farm, Checkley FARMSTEAD, LOOSE COURTYARD PLAN 1775 to 1775 Monument (TWO SIDED) MST21344 Bracks Farm, Cheadle FARMSTEAD, LOOSE COURTYARD PLAN 1800 to 1899 Monument (ONE SIDED) MST21348 Gorsty Hill Cottage Farm, Cheadle FARMSTEAD, LOOSE COURTYARD PLAN 1775 to 1775 Monument (ONE SIDED) MST21433 Hathaway Cottage Farm, Checkley FARMSTEAD, LINEAR PLAN 1775 to 1834 Monument MST21552 Newfields Farm, Cheadle FARMSTEAD, LOOSE COURTYARD PLAN 1775 to 1775 Monument (ONE SIDED) MST21553 Highfields Farm, Checkley FARMSTEAD, LOOSE COURTYARD PLAN 1775 to 1834 Monument (THREE SIDED)

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APPENDIX 3: Historic maps and images

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.1: 1775 - Yates’ Map of Staffordshire

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.2: 1837 - Ordnance Surveyors Drawing (Cheadle)

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire On behalf of Robert Coats Plant Sales May 2015 © HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.3: 1842 - Checkley Tithe map

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, Staffordshire On behalf of Robert Coats Plant Sales May 2015 © HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.4: 1881 - Ordnance Survey map

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.5: 1901 - Ordnance Survey map

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.6: 1923 - Ordnance Survey map

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.7: 1955 - Ordnance Survey map

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.8: 1970/71 - Ordnance Survey map

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Appendix 3.9: 2003 Google Earth image

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 3.10: 2013 Google Earth image

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

APPENDIX 4: Current proposals for the application site

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales HeritageCollective

Appendix 4: Proposed development (as submitted 2013)

Archaeological Desk-based Cheadle Road, Upper Tean, On behalf of Robert Coates May 2015 © Assessment Staffordshire Plant Sales