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"Introductory Essay" in "Richard Woodhouse's Cause Book: the Opium- Eater, the Magazine Wars, and the London Literary Scene in 1821"

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"Introductory essay" in "Richard Woodhouse's cause book: The opium- eater, the magazine wars, and the London literary scene in 1821" The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Morrison, Robert. 2000. "Introductory essay" in "Richard Woodhouse's cause book: The opium-eater, the magazine wars, and the London literary scene in 1821." Harvard Library Bulletin 9 (3), Fall 1998: vii-xxii. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37363475 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Woodhouse'sCause Book Vll Richard Woodhouse's Cause Book: The Opium-Eater, the Magazine Wars, and the London Literary Scene in I 82 I Robert Morrison ichard Woodhouse is known primarily as the close friend of John Keats, and the most important transcriber and collector of "Keatsiana" in the years following the poet's death. r But for three ROl3ER T MORRISON is R months in the autumn of 1821, Woodhouse also kept a diary in a Associate Professor of English, legal cause book in which he recorded with great vividness the literary life of Acadia University, NS, Canada. London, and the wit, anxieties, and insights of a tightly-knit and highly-gifted group of writers. The Cause Book was first published by Richard Garnett in 188 5 but in a bowdlerized form in which nearly forty percent of the manuscript had been cut away. Ten years later, it was republished by James Hogg, but with no mention of Garnett's excisions, and with the additionally ill-founded information that the Cause Book had in fact "perished in a fire. "2 Horace Eaton consulted the Cause Book when writing his 1936 biography of Thomas De Quincey, but he quoted only five previously omitted passages. Grevel Lindop examined the Cause Book for his 1981 biography of De Quincey but quoted only one previously unpublished section.3 Critics continue to refer to the Cause Book in the editions of either Garnett or Hogg, but most are unaware that they are reading a severely truncated version. The quotations in the biographies of Eaton and Lindop have helped to fill a few gaps, but over thirty percent of the manuscript has hitherto remained unpublished. As the interest of his biographers suggests, at the center of the Cause Book is Thomas De Quincey, whose most famous work, Confessionscif an English Opium- Eater, appeared contemporaneously with the events recorded by Woodhouse. The Cause Book, the finest example extant of De Quincey's table talk, throws considerable light on the Confessions and contains De Quincey's thoughts on some of the central literary figures of the age, including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Shelley, and Keats. At the same time, the Cause Book chronicles the ongoing tension between the London Magazine and its chief 1 Sec Mshel A. E. Steele. "The Woodhouse Transcripts Frin1ds (London: Sa1npson LO\.\', MJrston and Co., of the Poems of Keats," Han•ard Library B111/etin3 1895), ix. (1949): 232-256. 3 Horace Eaton, Tlwmas De Q11i11ccy:A Biography (New 2 "Notes of Conversations with Thon1J.s De Quincey" in York: Oxford University Press, 1936), 279, 281; Greve! Confessions of an Eng/isl, Opi11111-Eater,ed. Richard Lindop, T7,e Opinm-Eater: A Life of Tho111asDe Q11inccy Garnett (London: Kegan Paul. Trench and Co., 1885), (London: Dent, 198 1), 253-254. 189-273; James Hogg, Preface to De Q11inccy and his Vlll HARVARD LIBRARY BULLETIN rival, Blackwood'sEdinbu,gh Magazine, in the months immediately following the most tragic result of the magazine wars in early nineteenth-century Britain, when, in February 1821, John Scott, editor of the London, was mor- tally wounded in a duel with James Christie, ally of Blackwood's. Finally, the Cause Book brings to life the intel- lectualism and behind-the-scenes badinage that informed the London at the height of its power, when its reg- ular contributors included De Quincey, Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt, and John Hamilton Reynolds, and when its circle stretched from medical doctors and police magistrates to influential the- ater managers and the brilliant British comedian Charles Mathews. Richard Woodhouse was born in Bath on 11 December 1788, the eldest of fifteen children.4 He attended Bath Grammar School (like De Quincey) and then Eton, before spending two years in Spain and Portugal acting in the business interests of his family, who were wine importers. When he returned to England, he studied law and was established as a barrister by 18 11, the same year he met John 11,is is the only known portrait of Taylor and James Hessey, the future owners of the London Magazine, for whom Richard Woodhouse, showin,ghim as a he became a legal and literary advisor. In 1815 Woodhouse published A Grammar boy. Reproduced uo'th the kind pennis- sion of the Keats House, Hampstead. cifthe Spanish, Portuguese,and Italian Languages,and by 1818 he had met Keats and was soon anxious "in all places, & at all times, & before all persons" to express his "high opinion of his poetical merits- Such a genius, I verily believe, has not appeared since Shakspeare & Milton." 5 When Keats left England in September 1820, Woodhouse cut off a lock of the poet's hair and authorized Keats to draw on him in Rome for money. After Keats's death, Woodhouse's poetic tribute appeared in the August 1821 issue of the London. "'Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty,"' he wrote, and the blend Of both comes on us like a prophet's dream- When mighty truths, embodied, condescend To visit man, and whisper to his eyes.- There's not a page of landscape but doth seem 4 Joanna Richardson, "Richard Woodhouse and his 5 The Keats Circle, ed. H. E. Rollins, 2 vols (Cambridge, Family," Keats-Shelley ,'11emorialBulletin, 5 (1953): 39-44. Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), 1:cxlv. Woodhouse'sCause Book lX A painted lesson, full of truths sublime:- And moral rules and precepts of the wise Spake in the mythic Gods of olden time.6 In the years immediately following Keats's death Woodhouse himself contracted tuberculosis, and while prolonged stays in Madeira (1829-30) and then Italy (1832) improved his health enough to convince him that he could return to England, he declined rapidly once in London and died in September 1834. Woodhouse's Cause Book is bound in handsome, though now bowed, green vellum and is fifty-five pages on thirty-two leaves, with many blank leaves after the text. Woodhouse dated the Cause Book "1st January 1812" on the first flyleaf, but he did not begin to write in it until nearly ten years later. On the verso of the flyleaf, dated "November 19, 1821," Woodhouse writes that "in the Event of my death, whenever it shall happen, I desire that this book may be given to Mr. Taylor of Fleet Street" and, in 1834, along with all other documents in Woodhouse's pos- session relating to Keats, the Cause Book passed to Taylor.7 When Taylor died in 1864, the Cause Book came into the possession of the publishing house of Kegan Paul, Trench, and Company, and it was still in their possession in 1885.8 By 1936, however, it had passed into the hands of "the Misses Bairdsmith,"9 De Quincey's two surviving granddaughters. Shortly thereafter it passed to Miss M. Craig, De Quincey's great-granddaughter, and in 1954 she sold it to Mr. Ellery Sedgwick, who donated it to the Houghton Library, where it is now housed.10 Richard Garnett first published the Cause Book in 1885, when he included it as an appendix to his edition of the Confessions.In Garnett's opinion, however, while the Cause Book contained "nothing uninteresting," the record was "not all equally worthy of preservation,"u and he duly marked for exclusion well over a third ofWoodhouse's text using a system of pencilled square brackets that are still clearly visible in the manuscript. Garnett's principles for exclusion were fairly straightforward, for he would allow "nothing to lower ... the character" of De Quincey,12 and he was undoubtedly guided in this regard by the knowledge that De Quincey's two surviving daughters would be allowed to see his version of the Cause Book before it went to press. Perhaps surprisingly, Garnett retained the numerous references to De Quincey's opium addiction and his levels of inges- tion, though De Quincey himself had discussed this information at length in his Confessions and other published writings. In most other instances, however, Garnett excised discussions of what he called "things personal" because "it does not appear whether Woodhouse entertained any intention of some day giving his notes of De Quincey's conversation to the world," and "it could not be expected that [De Quincey's] references ... should always be measured with the nicest discretion."13 The result, even allowing for those passages which concern De Quincey's drug dependency, is a fine example oflate- Victorian bowdlerization, for the De Quincey that emerges in Garnett's abridgement is more genial and out- 6 Edmund Blunden, Keats's Publisher: A Memoir efjohn Kegan Paul, Trench and Co., 1885), xix. Taylor (London: Jonathan Cape, 1936), 126. 9 Horace Eaton, Thomas De Quincey, 279. 7 For details, see Stuart M. Sperry, "Richard ro]ohn Keats, 1795-1995: with a Catalogue of the Han,ard Woodhouse's Interleaved and Annotated Copy of Keats Collection (Houghton Library, 1995), 115-r 16.
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