Packhorse Grazing Behavior and Immediate Impact on a Timberline Meadow
J. Range Manage. 49:546-550 Packhorse grazing behavior and immediate impact on a timberline meadow K.M. OLSON-RUTZ, C.B. MARLOW, K. HANSEN, L.C. GAGNON, AND R.J. ROSS1 Authors are former research associate, Animal and Range Sciences Deparhnent, Montana Stare University, Bozeman, Mont., 59717; associare professor, Animal and Range Sciences Deparhnent, Montana Stare University, Bozeman, Mom., 59717; associate professor, Earth Sciences Department, Montana Stare University, Bozeman, Mont., 59717; associatepro- fessor. Animal and Range Sciences Department, Monrana State Universi& Bozeman, Mont., 59717; and assistant profes- sor, Math and Computer Sciences Department, Montana Tech, Butte, Mont., 59701. Abstract Schreyer 1987). Most grazing literature addressesplant or animal production issues which may not be pertinent to wilderness man- Recreational packhorse grazing is one of many uses of high ele- agement problems (Cole 1987, McClaran and Cole 1993). vation wildland meadows. We quantified the behavior of horses In July 1988 we began a field study to quantify horse (Equus grazing on an upper timberline meadow in southwestern cuballus) grazing impacts on an upper timberline meadow in a Montana and the immediate impact on the plant community. federally designated wilderness. We simulated recreational pack- Horses were picketed on 15-m diameter circles for different horse management by grazing horses on picket circles and tying durations (0,4,8,X3 hours), months (July, August, September), them to a high-line when they were not grazing or being ridden. and frequencies (1 month only, all 3 months) over 3 summers. We quantified horse behavior while on pickets and recorded pro- We recorded the amount of time horses spent grazing or resting, portion of grassesand forbs grazed and plant heights immediately horse movement while grazing, plant height, and grazed plant before and after horses grazed.
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