The Study of Nayakatana in the Vijayanagara Empire with Special
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Hoysala King Ballala Iii (1291-1342 A.D)
FINAL REPORT UGC MINOR RESEARCH PROJECT on LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA III (1291-1342 A.D) Submitted by DR.N.SAVITHRI Associate Professor Department of History Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s Arts and Commerce College, Mysore-24 Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION South Western Regional Office P.K.Block, Gandhinagar, Bangalore-560009 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to Express My Gratitude and Indebtedness to University Grants Commission, New Delhi for awarding Minor Research Project in History. My Sincere thanks are due to Sri.Paramashivaiah.S, President of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I am Grateful to Prof.Panchaksharaswamy.K.N, Honorary Secretary of Marimallappa Educational Institutions. I owe special thanks to Principal Sri.Dhananjaya.Y.D., Vice Principal Prapulla Chandra Kumar.S., Dr.Saraswathi.N., Sri Purushothama.K, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, members of Mallamma Marimallappa Women’s College, Mysore. I also thank K.B.Communications, Mysore has taken a lot of strain in computerszing my project work. I am Thankful to the Authorizes of the libraries in Karnataka for giving me permission to consult the necessary documents and books, pertaining to my project work. I thank all the temple guides and curators of minor Hoysala temples like Belur, Halebidu. Somanathapura, Thalkad, Melkote, Hosaholalu, kikkeri, Govindahalli, Nuggehalli, ext…. Several individuals and institution have helped me during the course of this study by generously sharing documents and other reference materials. I am thankful to all of them. Dr.N.Savithri Place: Date: 2 CERTIFICATE I Dr.N. Savithri Certify that the project entitled “LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS: HOYSALA KING BALLALA iii (1299-1342 A.D)” sponsored by University Grants Commission New Delhi under Minor Research Project is successfully completed by me. -
Khabbar Vol. XXXIII No. 4 (October, November, December
K h a b b a r North American Konkani Newsletter Volume XXXIII No. 4 October, November, December - 2010 From: The Honorary Editor, "Khabbar" P. O. Box 222 Lake Jackson, TX 77566 - 0222 XXXIII-4 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED FIRST CLASS TO: Khabbar XXXIII No. 4 Page: 1 Khabbar Follies In this section, Khabbar looks into the Konkani community and anything and everything that is Konkani from a Konkani point of view. The names will never be published but geographic location will be identified in general terms. There is no doubt in my mind that Khabbar is a part & parcel the latest Khabbar. Here comes the reply from this young of life of Konkanis in North America. In fact, Khabbar has Konkani reader: developed a special relation with most of the Konkani families and here are some examples of those close encounters of a “Thanks for sending Khabbar, Vasant uncle. My hostel is different kind….…… really lonely but Khabbar always gives me a good feeling of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- home when I read the newsletter. Here’s also my correct Khabbar has a good track record of mailing hard copies to answer to this quarter’s quiz. I am also enclosing Rs. 15 as my subscribers regularly. I was sending Khabbar to this young dues (Sorry, I have no dollars, only rupees!!). reader from Houston, TX. Recently, he moved to India for higher studies without giving his forwarding address. Editor’s Note: Khabbar managed to get his address in India and mailed him That’s the most valuable Rs. 15.00 Khabbar ever earned! ***** SUBSCRIPTION FORM: Dear Konkani family, It is time to renew your subscription for 2011. -
The Krishna Temple Complex, Hampi: an Exploration of Its Identity As a Medieval Temple in the Contemporary Context
THE KRISHNA TEMPLE COMPLEX, HAMPI: AN EXPLORATION OF ITS IDENTITY AS A MEDIEVAL TEMPLE IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Ashima Krishna January, 2009 © 2009 Ashima Krishna ABSTRACT Hindu temples in India have been in abundance for centuries. However, many have lost their use over time. They lie vacant and unused on vast tracts of land across the Indian subcontinent, in a time when financial resources for the provision of amenities to serve the local community are hard to come by. In the case of Hampi, this strain is felt not only by the community inhabiting the area, but the tourism sector as well. Hampi’s immense significance as a unique Medieval-city in the Indian subcontinent has increased tourist influx into the region, and added pressure on authorities to provide for amenities and facilities that can sustain the tourism industry. The site comprises near-intact Medieval structures, ruins in stone and archaeologically sensitive open land, making provision of tourist facilities extremely difficult. This raises the possibility of reusing one of the abundant temple structures to cater to some of these needs, akin to the Virupaksha Temple Complex and the Hampi Bazaar. But can it be done? There is a significant absence of research on possibilities of reusing a Hindu Temple. A major reason for this gap in scholarship has been due to the nature of the religion of Hinduism and its adherents. Communal and political forces over time have consistently viewed all Hindu temples as cultural patrimony of the people, despite legal ownership resting with the Government of India. -
Khamma – Kamma – Reddy – Caste –TDP 22 February 2012
Country Advice India India – IND39884 – Khamma – Kamma – Reddy – Caste –TDP 22 February 2012 1. Please provide a brief description of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), including its political aims. Please provide an update since IND31339 on whether members of the TDP have recently been attacked in India, and in Andhra Pradesh in particular, and, if so, whether they have been attacked by members of the Congress Party or of the Reddy caste or ethnicity. The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) is based in Andhra Pradesh. Telegu Desam means Telugu Nation. It is currently in opposition to the Indian National Congress in the state government of Andhra Pradesh. Telugu Desam (Telugu Nation) was reported to have disbanded in March 1992, but a revitalized party, led by former film star Nandmuri Tarak (N. T.) Rama RAO, swept into power in the 1994 state election. Subsequent intraparty divisions ultimately saw the reform- minded Chandrababu Naidu replace Rao as chief minister in September 1995. The leadership of the Rao faction passed, after Rao’s death in January 1996, to his widow, Lakshmi Parvathi.1 In the 1996 general election to the Lok Sabha (lower house) the TDP-Naidu (or TDP-Babu) won 16 lower house seats as a member of the United Front. In 1998 the Parvathi faction, having organized separately as the NTR Telugu Desam Party, won no seats, while the Naidu faction slipped from 16 seats to 12. In March 1999 the TDP leadership voted to leave the United Front, in part because the alliance’s central committee had decided to support a Congress Party candidate for speaker of the Lok Sabha.2 Under Naidu the TDP achieved major gains in 1999 for the general election to the Lokh Sabha, winning 29 Lok Sabha seats and extending its support to the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government – a coalition of 24 parties under the leadership of the fundamentalist Bharatiya Janata Party, without, however, joining the Council of Ministers. -
The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 A.D.)
26 February, 2021 Inscription on Krishnadevraya’s death (of Vijayanagar) discovered The first-ever epigraphical reference to the date of death of Vijayanagar king Krishnadevaraya has been discovered at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district. As per the inscription, Krishnadevaraya, one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled from the South, died on October 17, 1529, Sunday, and incidentally this day was marked by a lunar eclipse. The inscription (written in Kannada) is engraved on a slab kept on the north side of the Gopalakrishna temple at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district. It records the demise of K?ish?ad?var?ya — (V?rak?ish?ar?ya mah?r?yalu y? tath? tithiyalu astamayar?galu)_ in ?aka 1451, Vir?dhi, ?u. 15, lunar eclipse, which corresponds to 1529 AD, October 17, Sunday, according to Prof. Munirathnam. The inscription also registers gift of village Honnenahalli in Tumakuru for conducting worship to the god Veeraprasanna Hanumantha of Tumakuru. The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 A.D.) Harihara and Bukka are the founders of the Vijayanagar City in 1336 A.D. on the southern banks of Tungabhadr. They made Hampi as the capital city. Hampi is on the banks of Tungabhadra River. They served under Vira Ballala III, the Hoysala King Vijayanagar Empire was ruled by four important dynasties and they are: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu and Harihara I. In 1336 A.D. Harihara I became the ruler of Sangama Dynasty. He captured Mysore and Madurai. In 1356 A.D. Bukka-I succeeded him Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529 A.D.) Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty was the most famous king of the Vijayanagar Empire According to Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller “Krishnadeva Raya was the most feared and perfect king there could possibly be”. -
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 2.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1. General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Kannada LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: kannada-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2. Script for which the LGR is Proposed ISO 15924 Code: Knda ISO 15924 N°: 345 ISO 15924 English Name: Kannada Latin transliteration of the native script name: Native name of the script: ಕನ#ಡ Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 Some languages using the script and their ISO 639-3 codes: Kannada (kan), Tulu (tcy), Beary, Konkani (kok), Havyaka, Kodava (kfa) 1 Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) 3. Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It 3.1 Kannada language Kannada is one of the scheduled languages of India. It is spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka State of India. It is one of the major languages among the Dravidian languages. Kannada is also spoken by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad. -
A Case Study of Cultural History of Harapanahalli in the Kannada Inscriptions of the Taluk”
www.ijcrt.org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 2 April 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882 “A case study of cultural history of Harapanahalli in the Kannada inscriptions of the taluk” Prof. M.Vijaykumar Asst Professor Government First Grade College – Harapanahalli Abstarct: Harapanahalli region played an important role keeping intact Kananda language and culture. It was center of various empires imporatnat ones being Western Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas,Vijayanagara. The present paper seeks to unravel these aspects through study of cultural history of Harapanahalli in the Kannada inscriptions of the taluk.The Western Chalukyas played an important role in art and cultrure development in the region.The Western Chalukyas developed an architectural style known today as a transitional style, an architectural link between the style of the early Chalukya dynasty and that of the later Hoysala empire. Most of its monuments are in the districts bordering the Tungabhadra River in central Karnataka. Well known examples are the theMallikarjuna Temple at Kuruvatti, the Kallesvara Temple at Bagali and the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi. This was an important period in the development of fine arts in Southern India, especially in literature as the Western Chalukya kings encouraged writers in the native language Kannada, and Sanskrit.Knowledge of Western Chalukya history has come through examination of the numerous Kannada language inscriptions left by the kings (scholars Sheldon Pollock and Jan Houben have claimed 90 percent of the Chalukyan royal inscriptions are in Kannada), and from the study of important contemporary literary documents in Western Chalukya literature such as GadaYuddha (982) in Kannada by Ranna and VikramankadevaCharitam (1120) in Sanskrit by Bilhana. -
Expectant Urbanism Time, Space and Rhythm in A
EXPECTANT URBANISM TIME, SPACE AND RHYTHM IN A SMALLER SOUTH INDIAN CITY by Ian M. Cook Submitted to Central European University Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Daniel Monterescu CEU eTD Collection Professor Vlad Naumescu Budapest, Hungary 2015 Statement I hereby state that the thesis contains no material accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. The thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Budapest, November, 2015 CEU eTD Collection Abstract Even more intense than India's ongoing urbanisation is the expectancy surrounding it. Freed from exploitative colonial rule and failed 'socialist' development, it is loudly proclaimed that India is having an 'urban awakening' that coincides with its 'unbound' and 'shining' 'arrival to the global stage'. This expectancy is keenly felt in Mangaluru (formerly Mangalore) – a city of around half a million people in coastal south Karnataka – a city framed as small, but with metropolitan ambitions. This dissertation analyses how Mangaluru's culture of expectancy structures and destructures everyday urban life. Starting from a movement and experience based understanding of the urban, and drawing on 18 months ethnographic research amongst housing brokers, moving street vendors and auto rickshaw drivers, the dissertation interrogates the interplay between the city's regularities and irregularities through the analytical lens of rhythm. Expectancy not only engenders violent land grabs, slum clearances and the creation of exclusive residential enclaves, but also myriad individual and collective aspirations in, with, and through the city – future wants for which people engage in often hard routinised labour in the present. -
Bangalore for the Visitor
Bangalore For the Visitor PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Mon, 12 Dec 2011 08:58:04 UTC Contents Articles The City 11 BBaannggaalloorree 11 HHiissttoorryoofBB aann ggaalloorree 1188 KKaarrnnaattaakkaa 2233 KKaarrnnaattaakkaGGoovv eerrnnmmeenntt 4466 Geography 5151 LLaakkeesiinBB aanngg aalloorree 5511 HHeebbbbaalllaakkee 6611 SSaannkkeeyttaannkk 6644 MMaaddiiwwaallaLLaakkee 6677 Key Landmarks 6868 BBaannggaalloorreCCaann ttoonnmmeenntt 6688 BBaannggaalloorreFFoorrtt 7700 CCuubbbboonPPaarrkk 7711 LLaalBBaagghh 7777 Transportation 8282 BBaannggaalloorreMM eettrrooppoolliittaanTT rraannssppoorrtCC oorrppoorraattiioonn 8822 BBeennggaalluurruIInn tteerrnnaattiioonnaalAA iirrppoorrtt 8866 Culture 9595 Economy 9696 Notable people 9797 LLiisstoof ppee oopplleffrroo mBBaa nnggaalloorree 9977 Bangalore Brands 101 KKiinnggffiisshheerAAiirrll iinneess 110011 References AArrttiicclleSSoo uurrcceesaann dCC oonnttrriibbuuttoorrss 111155 IImmaaggeSS oouurrcceess,LL iicceennsseesaa nndCC oonnttrriibbuuttoorrss 111188 Article Licenses LLiicceennssee 112211 11 The City Bangalore Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)) Bangalore — — metropolitan city — — Clockwise from top: UB City, Infosys, Glass house at Lal Bagh, Vidhana Soudha, Shiva statue, Bagmane Tech Park Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)) Location of Bengaluru (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು)) in Karnataka and India Coordinates 12°58′′00″″N 77°34′′00″″EE Country India Region Bayaluseeme Bangalore 22 State Karnataka District(s) Bangalore Urban [1][1] Mayor Sharadamma [2][2] Commissioner Shankarlinge Gowda [3][3] Population 8425970 (3rd) (2011) •• Density •• 11371 /km22 (29451 /sq mi) [4][4] •• Metro •• 8499399 (5th) (2011) Time zone IST (UTC+05:30) [5][5] Area 741.0 square kilometres (286.1 sq mi) •• Elevation •• 920 metres (3020 ft) [6][6] Website Bengaluru ? Bangalore English pronunciation: / / ˈˈbæŋɡəɡəllɔəɔər, bæŋɡəˈllɔəɔər/, also called Bengaluru (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು,, Bengaḷūru [[ˈˈbeŋɡəɭ uuːːru]ru] (( listen)) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. -
Kannada Inscription from Maharashtra.Pdf
KANNADA INSCRIPTION FROM MAHARASHTRA Dr. Nalini Avinash Waghmare Department of History o Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune Mobile: 9975833748 Emailld:[email protected]. Introduction: From earlIest times Karnataka made its own impact in the lLil;tory of India. There wert! so many sources to focus on political. social, rel igion, cultw'al relations with other states. Kamataka's contribution to the culture of India is of prime importance. Kamata.ka and Maha rashtra are both neighbouring States. From ancient times these two, KaImada and Marathi language, have had a cultural exchange. This is one of the reasons these two states are attached with each other. "In the North Indian historian view Deccan land means North part of Tungabhadra River. According to Tamil his torian North India means South part of Kaveri River. Because of this for the development of South Indian not mention Kamataka's role by hi storian". We find all over Maharashtra, sources which have kept KUlllataka al ive; approximately 300 Kannada inscriptions, Viragallu ( hero stones), temples, many Archaeological sources which find in digging, coins, stamps, sc ulpture, literature etc., focus on Kannada people's life. Slu'ikantashashtri, Saltore, Shamba Joshi, (S.B. Joshi). B.P. Desai, R.C. Hiremath, Srinivas Ritti, M.M. Kulburgi, Pandit Avalikar, MY Narasimhamurthi etc Kannada writers and Rajwade, Bhandarkar, Ranade. Setuma dhavrao Pagade, Dhanjay Gadgil, Ramachandra, C. Dher, D.V. Ap te etc. Marathi writers tried to focus on both these states History and Cultural relation between Kamataka and Maharashtra near Gurlasur. Lokmanya Tilak expresses his view about relationship of Kamataka and Maharashtra. -
History Notes Sources of Ancient History
History Notes Sources of Ancient History Literary Archaeological Accounts of foreign Sources Sources travellers and writers Greek Painting & Idols Authors Religious Secular Sangam Articles from excavations Chinese literature literature literature Coins travellers Monuments and Inscriptions writers Brahman Buddhist Jain and Vedic Lit. Literature Literature Mohammadan Indigenous Foreign writers •Vedas •Brahman •Tripitak • Angas Non-Historical Historical •Arnyak •Vedang •Jatak •Upangas Literature Literature •Upanishad •Sutra •Pali •Prakirna •Smriti •Puranas •Sanskrit •Chhed Sutra •Arthashastra • Rajta rangini •Mahakavya(Epic) lit. and others •Astadhyayee • Ramcharit and others •M ahabhashya • Arthashastra: It is the analysis of political and economic conditions of the Mauryas, composed by Kautilya • Inscriptions either on stone or on metal plates are old (Chanakya). records of Ancient India. The study of inscriptions is called • Mudrarakshasa: It tells about the establishment of the epigraphy. Maurya dynasty, the fall of Nanda, Ramgupta, etc. • Coins: The study of coins is called numismatics. • Rajtarangini: It was written by Kalhana in 12th century A.D. It – The Punch Mark Coins (silver & copper) are the earliest is about the rulers of Kashmir. It is considered the, “first coins of India. historical book of India.” • Monuments: Monuments reflect the material prosperity • Foreign travellers: wrote about the information of India. For and development of culture e.g. Taxshila monuments about examples – Kushans and Stupas, Chaityas and Vihars about Maurya. Megasthenes: He wrote book, “INDICA” about the dynasty • Vedas: Vedas point out features and development of of Maurya. different dynasties, e.g. Rigveda deals about Archery and Fahien: He wrote about the Gupta Emperor. known as “The first testament of mankind.” Hieun-Tsang: He wrote about the Buddhist record of the western world during period of Harshavardhan. -
Vijayanagar Art and Architecture an Overview
www.ijcrt.org © 2018 IJCRT | Volume 6, Issue 4 November 2018 | ISSN: 2320-2882 Vijayanagar art and architecture an overview Dr Anand.B Asst Professor of History Govt First Grade College – Sunkalbidari Abstract The Vijayanagar Empire was a Hindu empire based in the Deccan plateau region of South India. Established in 1336 by Harihara I (who ruled from 1336–1356 CE), it enjoyed its greatest political and cultural prominence under Emperor Krishna Deva Raya (who ruled from 1509–1529 CE) and lasted until 1646, when it was conquered by the Muslim Sultans of Bijapur and Golkonda. The empire’s patronage enabled its fine arts and literature to rise to new heights, and its legacy of sculpture, painting, and architecture influenced the development of the arts in South India long after the empire came to an end. There were great innovations in Hindu temple construction during this period, and many diverse temple building traditions and styles in South India came together in the Vijayanagar style of architecture, the finest examples of which are to be found in the capital Hampi.Vijayanagar era architecture can be broadly classified into religious, courtly, and civic architecture. Its style is a harmonious combination of the Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya, and Chola styles that evolved in earlier centuries and represents a return to the simplicity and serenity of the past. Preferred for its durability, local hard granite was the building material of choice, as it had been for the Badami Chalukyas; however, soapstone, which was soft and easily carved, was