The UTG Journal Issue No. 3
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The UTG Journal Issue No. 3 The UTG Journal Issue No. 3 May 2018, ISSN 2208-9500 (online) © United Tasmania Group Contents: ‘Ecotourism’ – the new greenwash term - by Geoff Holloway page 1 Editorial – Protest rally against proposed cable car on kunanyi page 6 People Power – by Geoff Mosley page 7 Legacy and understanding – by Tom Hogarth page 8 Contact information: For further information please contact: Geoff Holloway (Secretary UTG) [email protected] Facebook sites: https://www.facebook.com/groups/112926085386109/ (general site) https://www.facebook.com/groups/1154609787956205/ (UTG Wilderness Integrity, Tourism & Sustainability) https://www.facebook.com/groups/740273822782089/ (UTG Energy & Climate Change) UTG also has two email-based systems for non-Facebook users. Editorial Committee Geoff Hollloway Kevin Kiernan Anne McConnell Keith Antonysen Geoff Mosley Lyn Barclay Debbie Quarmby Cover photos: Geoff Holloway Inside photo of Barn Bluff, Cradle Mt. National Park, 1936 – from Geoff Holloway Collection UTG fully supports the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC) and its associated Protocols. UTG is a signatory/member of: The Rights of Nature https://www.facebook.com/groups/therightsofnature/about/ the Circular Economy https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ the Steady State Economy http://www.steadystate.org/ 2 ‘Ecotourism’ – the new greenwash out, “Tourism has a problem. It is addicted by Geoff Holloway to growth, which is incompatible with term – sustainability goals. Despite three decades ‘Ecotourism’ is a term that is misused across discussing pathways to sustainable tourism, the world – as all international bodies agree; tourism authorities continue to promote but it is particularly abused/misused by the tourism growth despite the ecological and Tasmanian Government and the Tourism social limits of living on a finite planet … Industry Council of Tasmania (TICT). This is The growth fetish is resulting in tourism not to say that there are not some authentic killing tourism. Almost gone are the days ecotourism enterprises in Tasmania, but they when tourism authorities might support are at extreme risk of losing their status. tourism directed to education, social well- More importantly, ‘ecotourism’ is far from being, inclusion and other non-economic new; it used to be something generations of goals”.4 Tasmanians bushwalkers, climbers, skiers, etc did as an outdoor activity/past-time or Other titles used to describe ‘natural’ philosophy, but without any corporate or approaches to tourism include: Responsible government involvement; and while not Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Ethical Travel, strictly ‘tourists’ as such, their activities were Eco-friendly travel, Justice Tourism, and similar. The way the term is used today Linking Tourism & Conservation. The Center covers a wide spectrum of tourist activities, for Responsible Travel produces a summary which usually involves ‘nature’, even if just of brief definitions that are being used in the in the form of what should be called more muesli of tourism terminology.5 accurately ‘scenery mining’. Ecotourism Notwithstanding the above, there have been Responsible travel to natural areas that serious attempts to define, and establish conserves the environment and improves the standards for, ecotourism. For example, The welfare of local people. International ecotourism Society (TIES), Geotourism which claims to have over 750 organisational Tourism that sustains or enhances the and 14,000 individual members plus 85,000 geographical character of a place – its followers on facebook, has at least five key environment, heritage, aesthetics, culture and principles at the base of its definition of wellbeing of its residents. ecotourism, namely that it: Pro-Poor Tourism • is non-consumptive and non-extractive Tourism that results in increased net benefit • creates an ecological conscience for the poor people in a destination. • holds ecocentric values and ethics in Ethical Tourism relation to nature Tourism in a destination where ethical issues • is based on community involvement and are the key driver, e.g. social injustice, human consultation rights, animal welfare or the environment. • recognizes the rights and spiritual beliefs of Responsible Tourism the Indigenous people.1 Tourism that maximizes the benefits to local The succinct TIES definition of ecotourism is: communities, minimizes negative social or “Responsible travel to natural areas that environmental impacts, and helps local conserves the environment, sustains the people conserve fragile cultures and habitats wellbeing of the local people and involves or species. interpretation and education”.2 However, this Sustainable Tourism definition does not meet all the principles Tourism that leads to the management of all previously outlined. resources in such a way that economic, social, and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while Ecotourism is one of many attempts to maintaining cultural integrity, essential promote responsible tourism and ‘sustainable ecological processes, biological diversity and tourism’ - and some commentators argue that life support systems. the later term is an oxymoron 3 . This is because, as Freya Higgins-Desbiolles points 1 Agritourism Last year (2017) was International Year of Agritourism or agro-tourism is a form of Sustainable Tourism for Development – you rural tourism in which tourists see and may not have heard much about this participate in traditional agricultural International Year, as there was not a single practices without destroying the ecosystems. activity within Tasmania. The United Orange tourism Tasmania Group (UTG) did offer to conduct Orange tourism is a sustainable tourism that a seminar but we did not receive a response generates cultural, economic and social until it was too late to organise. However, we development through responsible touristic might try again later this year, given that management of cultural heritage, artistic tourism is, arguably, the greatest threat now production, and cultural and creative facing Tasmania’s National Parks, wilderness industries. and conservation areas. Wellness tourism Travel associated with the goal of Before going into some details about what maintaining or enhancing one’s personal constitutes authentic ecotourism (as the wellbeing. It includes the pursuit of physical, Global Ecotourism Network is now referring mental, spiritual or environmental ‘wellness’. to it), in order to combat the world-wide Adventure tourism problem of exploiting the term ‘ecotourism’ - Adventure tourism includes at least two of and authenticity is one of the key drivers of the following three elements: physical tourists these days, what is very clear in activity, natural environment, and cultural Tasmania is that no transparent standards, immersion. It includes caving, climbing, international or otherwise, are applied to the trekking, camping, birdwatching, rafting, concept or use of the term ‘ecotourism’. Both snorkeling, surfing and other outdoor Government and the Tourism Industry activities. Council of Tasmania (TICT) and its corporate cronies blithely use the term across the board Ecotourism, as such, makes up about 10% of to any venture that they would like to all tourism according to the United National greenwash. This is not to say that there are World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) – no authentic ecotourism ventures in whether it is more or less than that in Tasmania, but even those pale in significance Tasmania is hard to determine. However, the with what happens in some areas overseas Tasmanian Government and the TICT like to (eg, the Grand Canyon8). (mis) apply this term across all sorts of tourism enterprises regardless of validity or In Cabo Verde, with a population the same relevance. One of the reasons for this as Tasmania, where 53% of the GDP comes deceptive behaviour is that governments from tourism, providing 60% of direct and realise that tourists are looking increasingly indirect employment, the term ‘ecotourism’ for ethical, responsible, nature-based tourism has been applied to less than a handful of experiences – some research suggests that enterprises - whereas in Tasmania the term three-quarters of tourists want to contribute is being applied to almost anything that to ethical and responsible tourism AND they operates in the outdoors (including 9 are prepared to pay more for that privilege.6 proposed cable cars). This is sometimes referred to as ‘New Tourism’, and these tourists have a higher Tasmania is like China, where any tourism level of environmental and cultural development or activity located in a natural awareness.7 ‘New tourism’ can be described setting is described as ecotourism; and there as a summation of a few key ethical is no distinction between nature-based principles: tourism and ecotourism, although the latter 1. environmental consciousness can encompass both cultural and 2. responsibility in travel environmental experiences.10 3. cultural awareness 4. supporting the visited communities. Ecotourism is being used as a greenwash term in order to facilitate the privatisation of Tasmania’s National Parks (eg, Three Capes 2 Track, Cradle Mountain, Lake Malbena, Lake protected area authorities and Geeves, the South Coast and Frenchman’s owners to help support Cap). The Three Capes Track was the first cab management costs, and also off the rank; now it is being used as a model sustainable livelihood in both Tasmania and mainland States to put opportunities in local in private and government-funded