UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

School of Distance Education

BA

(CBCSS-U.G)

SEMESTER -III/IV

COMPLEMENTARY COURSE SKT4(3) C03 SASTHRAMIMAMSA - II

शास्रमीमा車सा-II

() (2019 Admission onward)

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1 Orthodox schools of Indian Philosophy accept the authority of a. Mahakavyas b. Dharmasastras c. d. 2 The etymological meaning of the word 'Philosophy' is ? a. love of learning b. love of reading c. love of listening d. love of the Universe 3 Which one of the following is considered as an orthodox school of Indian philosophy a. b. c. d. Lokayatas 4 The Three kinds of pains according to Indian Philosophy are ? a. Dana, Bheda and Danda b. Àdyatmika, Àdhibhautika and Àdhidaivika c. Sravana, and Nididyasana d. Sattva, and Tamas 5 Howmany Vedas are there? a. Four b. Five c. Three d. Two 6 Which Veda is excluded from the Vedic trio? a. b. c.Rgveda d. 7 The word veda is derived from the root------a. Vand b. vic c. Vid d. tud

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8. According to Mimamsaka view the Vedas are ------? a. Apaurusheya b. Adyaropa c. Advitiya d. Avaidika 9 Udgata is the priest of ------veda ? a. Rk b. Sama c. Yajus d. Adharva 10 The priest of Œigveda is known as ? a. Hota b. Advryu c. Udgata d. 11 Advaryu is a ------priest? a. Rgveda b. Yajurveda c. Samaveda d. Adharvaveda 12 is connected with – veda? a. Rgveda b. Yajurveda c. Samaveda d. Adharvaveda 13 According to the orthodox schools of Indian Philosphy which among the following is not the means to attain a. Sravana b. Manana c. Darshana d. 14 Which part of Vedic Philosophy is termed as Vedantha a. b. c. d. 15 Nyaya accepts------as its samanatantra a. b. c. Mimamsa d. 16 How many are accepted by the Nyaya system of Philosophy a. Six b. Four c. Two d. One 17 Which one is accepted as the fourth by a. b. Anumana c. Upamana d.

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18 Who established the system of Nyaya philosophy a. Brhaspati b. c. Gautama d. Laukakshi bhaskara 19 Nyaya is written by a. Patanjalli b. c. d. Gautama 20 Nyaya Kusumanjali is authored by a. Jayantha b. Udayana c. Gautama d. Kumarila Bhatta 21 Who composed a bhashya on Nyaya sutra a. Vatsyayana b. Udayana c. Prabhakara d. Sankara 22 Who wrote a vartika on Nyayasutrabhashya a. Vatsyayana b. Udayana c. Prabhakara d. Udyotakara 23 In Nyaya philosophy valid knowledge is called ------a. Pramana b. Pramiti c. Prama d. Pratyaksha 24 perception relates the substance with its attributes. a. Savikalpa b. Nirvikalpa c. Sakshat d. anirvachaniya 25 The intuitive and immediate perception of the past, present and future, possessed by the is called a. Manasa b. Laukika c. Yogaja d. Bahya 26 Inferential knowledge is called ------a. Pratyaksha b. Anumana c. Upamana d. Shabda 27 is the nerve of Anumiti a. Prama b. Sandeha c. Vyapti d. uha Page 4

28 The presence of the middle term in the minor term is called ------a. pakshadharmata b. vyapti c. hetu d. paramarsha 29 In fallacy is called------a. vyapti b. anumana c. hetvabhasa d. linga 30 The knowledge derived from comparison is called------a. Pratyaksha b. Anumana c. Upamana d. Shabda 31 The theory of illusion accepted by Nyaya is known as a. Satkhyativada b. Akhy°tiv°da c. Anyath° khy°tiv°da d. Àtmakhy°tiv°da 32 How many propositions does the Nyaya syllogism have a. Two b. Three c. Five d. Four 33 Lingaparamarsha is a. a way of talking b. a manner in which middle term is related to major term c. a kind of induction d. a kind of deduction 34 According to Nyaya which kind of inference is based on mere co-existence? a. Pararthanumana b. Purvavat Anumana c. Sheshavat Anumana d. Samanyatodrshta Anumana 35 Pramana in Indian philosophy implies a. means of knowledge b. means of valid knowledge c. means of Invalid knowledge d. the thing to be known 36 The Naiyayikas accepts cognition of non-existence as generated by a. Perception b. Inference c. Comparison d. Verbal testimony 37 Which of the following doctrines regarding the validity of knowledge is advocated by the Nyaya- Vaishesika System? a. Extrinsic validity of knowledge b. Intrinsic Validity of knowledge c. The idealistive validity of knowledge d. The illusory validity of knowledge

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38 "The Pot is not yet produced'' select the correct form of ? a. Pragabhava b. Pradhvamsabhava c. Atyantabhava d. Anyonyabhava 39 Which of the following is correct according to Nyaya Philosophy. a. Samanya is a b. Samanya is a guna c. Samanya is a padartha d. Samanya is a 40 Which among the following condition is violated by the statement 'water the plant with fire'? a. Àkanksha b. Yogyata c. Sannidhi d. Tatparya 41 Naiyayikas include arthapathi in which pramana? a. Pratyaksha b. Anumana c. Upamana d. sabdha 42 According to Nyaya, God is a. Creator b. Maintainer c. Destroyer d. All of the above 43 How many padarthas are accepted by Vaisheshika? a. Four b. Twenty Four c. Seven d. Twelve 44 The theory of atomistic pluralism is accepted by a. Samkhya-Yoga b. c. Mimamsa d. Nyaya-Vaisheshika 45 Which among the following does not come under Vaisheshika Padartha? a. Karma b. Samyoga c. Samanya d. Vishesha 46 For its existence qualities (guna) depends on a. Padartha b. God c. Karma d. Dravya 47 Vaishesika do not accept testimony as an independent source of knowledge because a. Testimony can be included under inference b. Vedas are not reliable

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c. No one is authorised d. Words are non - eternal 48 In the Statement 'Rose is Red' the relation between Rose and Red according to Vaisheshika, is a case of a. Samyoga b. Svarupa c. Tadatmya d. Samavaya 49 Nyaya Vaishesika philosophy is both a. Realistic and dualistic b. Realistive and monistic c. Realistic and Pluralistic d. Realistic and monistic 50 Which of the following system is founded by Gautama ? a. Nyaya b. Vaisheshika c. Samkhya d. Yoga 51 'Vaishesika sutra' is written by a. b. Kanada c. Udayana d. 52 Nyaya Philosophy is also known as a. Ànvekshiki b. Alaukika c. Nirveda d. Aprokshha 53 Nyaya Darshana is also known as Tarkashastra because a. It is the Science of Cause b. It is the Science of reasoning c. It is the Science of critical study d. It is the Science of logic 54 'Sarvadarshana Samgraha' is written by a. Udayanacharya b. Madhavacharya c. Sankaracharya d. Gautama 55 Nyaya maintains two stages of perception, they are a. Pratyaksha and Anumana b. Savikalpaka and Nirvikalpaka c. Pramana and Prameya d. Vyapti and Hetu 56 Which among the following theories of causation is accepted by Samkhya a. Asatkaryavada b. Àrambhavada c. d.

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57 The theory that the effect is pre - existent in its material cause, is known as a. Asatkaryavada b. Àrambhavada c. Satkaryavada d. None of the above 58 Samkhya's Satkaryavada is known as a. Prakrti Parinamavada b. Brahma Parinmavada c. Vivarta vada d. Paramanu vada

59 Which among the following argument is in support of Satkaryavada is given by the Samkhya? a. Asadakaranat b. Bhedanam parinamat c. Samanvayat d. Adishtanat 60 According to Samkhya, all material effects are the modifications (parinama) of a. Purushha b. Prakriti c. Brahma d. 61 Prakriti is the ------of the universe a. Product b. Efficient cause c. Uncaused root cause d. None of the above 62 As the first principle of the Universe, prakrti is called a. b. c. d. Anumana 63 Which of the following is true about Purusha in Samkhya philosophy a. Purusha is Trigunatmaka b. Purusha is Jada c. Purusha is the uncaused root cause of the universe d. Purusha is the principal of pure consciousness 64 According to Samkhya philosophy Mahat Produces ------. a. Purusha b. Prakrti c. Ahankara d. Antakarana 65 The Sattvika Ahankara produces------, says . a. Five senory organs b. Five pranas c. Purushha d. Mahat

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66 Who is regarded as the founder of Samkhya system of philosophy a. Kapila b. Kanada c. d. Gautama 67 Who wrote Samkhya karika? a. Kapila b. Àsuri c. Murari d. Ishwarakrishhna 68 Samkhya maintains a clear cut dualism between------a. Prakriti and Mahat b. Jeeva and Jagat c. Purusha and prakriti d. Jeeva and Jada

69 is the author of 'Samkhyatattvakaumudi'' a. Ishwara krishhna b. c. Kapila d. Vacaspati Mishra 70 Who wrote 'Samkhya-Pravachana Bhashya' a. Ishwarakrshna b. Gaudapada c. Vijnana Bikshu d. Kapila 71 According to Samkhya, liberation is a state of a. Complete isolation b. No pleasure no pain and no bliss c. Pure consciousness d. All of the above 72 According to Yoga Philosophy 'chitta' means a. Buddhi ahankara and manas b. Prakrti c. Mind d. None of the above 73 When chitta is related to any object it assumes the form of that object. This form is called a. Chitta Vritti b. Chitta-bhumi c. Nidra d. Smrti 74 Which among the following is not included under the kind of chittavrtti? a. Pramana b. Nidra c. Avidya d. Smrti 75 There are two main kinds of according to Yoga philosophy and they are a. and dhyana b. Samprajnata and asamprajnata c. Yama and d. Dharana and Dyana Page 9

76 Which among the following School does not believe in God a. Yoga b. Mimamsa c. Nyaya d. Samkhya 77 Samkhya believes in the a. Plurality of Purusha b. Plurality of God c. Plurality of Prakrti d. Plurality of Brahman 78 Yoga mostly accepts the metaphysics and the epistemology of a. Nyaya b. Mimamsa c. Samkhya d. Vaisheshika 79 'Yoga Vartika' is written by a. Vijnanabikshu b. c. Vacaspati d. Kapila 80 is a kind of a. Chittabhumi b. Chittavritti c. Klesha d. Smrti 81 Samadhi, in which mediator and the object of meditation are completely fused together, is known as a. Savitarka b. Samprajnata c. Asamprajnata d. Sasmita 82 Who is the founder of Yoga philosophy. a. Panini b. Patanjali c. Jaimini d. Kapila 83 Yoga means a. Chittavritti Nirodha b. Chittavritti Nirasa c. Samadhi d. Sadhana 84 The modifications of the Chitta are of kinds a. Four b. Five c. Six d. Seven 85 Control of the senses and withdrawing the sense from their objects are known as a. Pranayama b. Dharana c. Dhyana d. Pratyahara

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86 The number of pramanas accepted by yoga philosophy are ------a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four 87 Yoga is also known as a. Nirishwara Samkhya b. Seshwara Samkhya c. Hetuvada d. Anvikshiki 88 Who wrote 'Yogasutra' a. Panini b. Pataµjali c. Kapila d. Kanada 89 According to 'Yogasutra', the symbol of God is a. Sree b. Aum c. Veda d. Hari 90 The world Mimamsa literally means a. Pujito vicharah b. Samyak vicharah c. Samyak charcha d. Kevalajnana 91 The mantra and portion of the Vedas is known as a. SmritiKanda b. Jµanakanda c. Mokshhakanda d. Karmakanda 92 The founder of Mimamsa philosophy is a. Sabara Swami b. Sankaracharya c. Jaimini d. Badarayana 93 Who wrote Mimamsa-Sutra? a. Jaimini b. Sabara c. Sankara d. Badarayana 94 Who commented Mimamsa - Sutra? a. Jaimini b. Sankara c. Sreedhara d. Sabara 95 Who wrote 'Prakarana-panµhika? a. Sankara b. Sabara c. Salikanatha d. Badarayana

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96 Prabhakara's commentary on Mimamsa Bhashya is known as a. Brhati b. Bhamati c. Mimamsa Paribhasha d. Mimamsa prakarana 97 Who is known as 'guru' in mimamsa Philosophy a. Jaimini b. Prabhakara c. Kumarila Bhatta d. sabaraswamin 98 Who was the founder of Bhatta School of Mimamsa. a. Jaimini b. Prabhakara c. Kumarila d. Sabara 99 Mimamsaka accepts a. Jnanapramanya b. Swatapramanya c. Arthapramanya d. none of the above 100 Bhatta School of Mimamsa accepts Pramanas a. Six b. Five c. Four d. Three 101 Who accepts '' (non-Apprehension) as and indipendent source of knowledge. a. Prabhakara b. Kumarila c. Kapila d. Gautama 102 'Anvitabhidhanavada' theory is related to a. Prabhakara b. Kumarila c. Gautama d. Kanada 103 Prabhakara's view of error is known as a. Akhyativada b. Anirvachaiyakhyati Vada c. Satkhyati vada d. Anyathakhyati vada 104 According to the Mimamsa School the performance of sacrifice () gives rise to karmaphala through a. Interference of God b. Creation of c. Some natural power d. Power of Mantra 105 The theory of 'Abhihitanvayavada' is given by a. Prabhakara b. Kumarila c. Jaimini d. Gautama

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106 Jaimini defines as a. Performance of Vedic ceremonies b. Religion c. A command or injunction which impels men to action d. A network of relationship 107 Apurva, according to Mimamsa is a. An unseen potency produced by actions performed b. Actions performed in previous life c. Liberation d. Unique 108 Prabhakara School of Mimamsa admits ------Pramanas a. Three b. Four c. Five d. Six 109 Prabhakara's theory of knowledge is known as a. Ayatharthavada b. Jnatatavada c. Pramanya vada d. Triputi pratyakshavada 110 Kumarila's theory of knowledge is known as a. Jnatata vada b. Triputipratyaksha vada c. Ayathartha vada d. Pramanya vada 111 Vedanta literally means ? a. Vedic rituals b. End of the Vedas c. Vedic seers d. None of the above 112 The basic work of Vedanta Philosophy is a. Vedas b. Smrtis c. Prastanatraya d. Dharmashastras 113 Who wrote Mandukyakarika a. Sankara b. Gaudapada c. Mandana Mishra d. Badarayana 114 Which work is called as the first availabls systematic treatise on ? a. Brahma siddhi b. Advaita siddhi c. Mandukya karika d. Naishkarmya siddhi 115 Who is Sankaracharya's guru? a. Govindapada b. Gaudapada c. Padmapada d. Mandana Mistra

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116 The Theroy of causation accepted by Advaita Vedanta is known as a. Syadvada b. Vivartavada c. Àrambhavada d. Asatkaryavada 117 Maya or Avidya means a. Pure illusion b. Positive wrong knowledge c. Absolutely wrong knowledge d. Non - existence 118 According to Sankara Ultimate reality is a. Ishwara b. Jiva c. Brahman d. Maya 119 Moksha is attaind only through , says Advaita Philosophy. a. Knowledge b. c. Karma d. Maya 120 Illusory modification of any substance, as of the rope in to the Snake is called a. Vivarta b. Parinama c. Avidya d. Maya 121 According to Vedanta, the Jagat is a. Maya b. c. Mithya d. Sunya 122 The Mahavakya 'Tattwamasi' occurs in Upanishad a. Kathopanishad b. Ishavasyopanishad c. Brhadaranyakopanishad d. Prashn∞panishd 123 Chandogyopanishad is a part of Veda. a. Rgveda b. Samaveda c. Atharvaveda d. Yajurveda 124 The Story of 'Nachiketas' occurs in Upanisad. a. Kenopanishad b. Prashnopanishad c. Mundakopanishad d. Kathopanishad 125 Advaita Vedanta accepts as the theory of error a. Anirvachaniya Khyati b. Akhyati c. Anyathakhyati d. Satkhyati

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126 Which Pramana, according to Advaita Vedanta is recommended for the knowledge of Abhava? a. Anumana b. Arthapatti c. Anupalabdhi d. Upamana 127 Maya had two powers, and they are and a. Upamana and Anumana b. Àvarana and Vikshepa c. Mithya and Avidya d. Parinama and Vivartha 128 Who wrote Panchapadika? a. Appayadikshita b. Sri Harshha c. Padmapada d. Sureshwara 129 Who was the founder of Suddhadvaitam? a. b. Madhva c. d. Nimbarka 130 Who was the propounder of Dvaila philosophy? a. Ramanuja b. Vallabha c. Chaitanya d. Madhva 131 Who was the founder of Vada? a. Sri Harshha b. Bhaskaracharya c. Sureshwaracharya d. Sridharacharya 132 The School of Vedanta was founded by a. Madhva b. Vallabha c. Ramanuja d. Nimbarka 133 Ramanuja's commentary on £tra is known as? a. Adyasa Bhashyam b. Sri Bhashyam c. Vedanta d. Bikshu Sutram 134 Madhava's Brahma Sutra Bhashya is known as a. Sri Bhashya b. Vedanta Bhasya c. Anu Bhashya d. Sariraka Bhashya 135 According to Madhava Philosophy liberation is attained only through a. Bhakti b. c. d. Karma

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1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6 B 7 C 8. A 9 B 10 A 11 B 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 A 16 B 17 C 18 C 19 D 20 B 21 A 22 D 23 C 24 A 25 C 26 B 27 C 28 A 29 C 30 C 31 C 32 C 33 B 34 D 35 B 36 A 37 A 38 A 39 C 40 B 41 B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 B 46 D

Indian Philosophy-1 Vedic School Page 15

School of Distance 47 A Education 48 A 49 C 50 A 51 B 52 A 53 B 54 B

Indian Philosophy-1 Vedic School Page 16

School of Distance 55 B Education 56 C 57 C 58 A 59 A 60 B 61 C 62 A 63 D 64 C 65 A 66 A 67 D 68 C 69 D 70 C 71 D 72 A 73 A 74 A 75 B 76 C 77 A 78 C 79 A 80 B 81 C 82 B 83 A 84 B 85 D 86 C 87 B 88 B 89 B 90 A 91 D 92 C 93 A 94 D 95 C 96 A 97 B 98 C 99 B 100 A 101 A 102 A 103 A 104 D 105 B 106 C Indian Philosophy-1 Vedic School Page 17

School of Distance 107 A Education 108 C 109 D 110 A 111 B 112 C 113 B 114 C 115 A

Indian Philosophy-1 Vedic School Page 18

School of Distance 116 B Education 117 B 118 C 119 A 120 A 121 C 122 C 123 B 124 D 125 A 126 C 127 B 128 C 129 A 130 D 131 B 132 C 133 B 134 C 135 A

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1 are also called……. a. Jainas b. Lokayatas c. Madhyamikas d. Saivas 2 Who says that the Vedas are the works of some cunning priests? a. Jainas b. Charvakas c. Sankhyas d. Mimamsakas 3 There were …… nastika philosophies in ancient India. a. 3 b. 5 c. 6 d. 2 4 How many pramanas are accepted by Charvakas? a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1

5. admits the existence of elements. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

6. According to Charvaka the end of human life is. a. Salvation b. Enjoyment c. Action d. Devotion 7. How many Tirthankaras are there in Jainism? a. Twenty two b. Twenty one c. Twenty three d. Twenty four

8. The word 'Jainism' was derived from 'Jina' and which means

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School of Distance Education a. Creator b. Conqueror c. Way of life d. Knowledge 9. Who was the last Tirthamkara in Jaina Philosophy? a. Rshabhadeva b. c. Parswanatha d.

10. Who was considered as the first Tirthankara according to Jainism? a. Rshabhadeva b. Mahavira c. Parswanatha d. Nagarjuna 11. Jainas classify knowledge in to a. Para and Apara b. Pramana and Prameya c. Pramana and Naya d. and Paroksha

12. According to Jaina Philosophy, the knowledge derived from authority is known as a. Avadhi b. Mati c. Shruta d. Pramana

13. Anekanta Vada of Jainism means a. Manyness of God b. Manyness of Reality c. Manyness of individuals d. Manyness of things 14. Which one of the following Pramanas is considered as valid by all Schools of Indian Philosophy? a. Perception b. Testimony c. Inference d. Comparison

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School of Distance Education 15. Dhammapada is a text of…. a. Buddhist b. Vedanta c. Nyaya d. Mimamsa 16. Syadvada is developed by a. Buddha b. Charvaka c. Sankhya d. Jains 17. Syadvada is the theory of a. Truth and Validity b. Error c. Judgment d. None of the above 18. The Buddha Philosophy is a. Astika Philosophy b. Vaidika Philosophy c. Nastika Philosophy d. None of the above 19. Who was the leader of Charvaka philosophy? a. Buddha b. Brhaspati c. Kapila d. Ramanuja 20. The Jaina Philosophy is a. Astika Philosophy b. Vaidika Philosophy c. Nastika Philosophy d. None of the above 21. Sabdapramana is not accepted by a. Sankhya b. Yoga c. Charvaka d. Mimamsa 22. The Charvaka Philosophy is a. Astika Philosophy b. Vaidika Philosophy c. Nastika Philosophy d. None of the above

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School of Distance Education 23. Syadvada is also also known as a. Saptabhanginaya b. Akhyativada c. Satkaryavada d. Apohavada 24. According to Jainisam, the Primary cause of bondage is a. Asarva b. Samvara c. Nirjara d. Bhava 25. ……is came under the teaching of Buddha? a. Syad Vada b. Arya Sattya c. Vivarta Vada d. Parinamavada 26. Gautama Buddha, got enlightenment in a place called, in Bihar a. Bodhgaya b. Kapilavstu c. Sanchi d. Saranath 27. The Tripitakas are written in language. a. Sanskrit b. Pali c. Hindi d. Tamil 28. Tripitakas are the sacred texts of ……. a. Jainas b. Buddhas c. Sankhyas d. 29. The Triratnas in Jainism are a. right exercise, right Speech and right faith b. right knowledge, right speech and right exercise c. right faith, right Speech, and right morals d. right knowledge, right faith and right conduct 30. is the theory of a. Sankara b. Ramanuja c. Jaina d. Madhva

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School of Distance Education 31. Jainism is divided in to two sects, and they are a. and b. and Madyamikas c. Swetambara and Digambara d. Syadvadins and Anekantavadins. 32. Buddha's teachings are in languages. a. Sanskrit b. Hindi c. Pali d. Chinese 33. Buddhism believes in ...... pramanas a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four 34. The Yogachara Buddhist's are a. Sunyavadins b. Syadvadins c. Vijnanavadins d. Svabhavavadins 35. Buddha's Philosophical discussions are included in ……. a. Vinaya Pitaka b. Sutta Pitaka c. Abhidharma Pitaka d. Nikaya 36. Which Pitaka deals with the discipline and order of Buddhism? a. Vinaya pitaka b. Sutta Pitaka c. Abhidharma Pitaka d. Milinda Panha 37. Who was the first systematic expounder of Mahayana School of Buddhism? a. Dinnaga b. Asanga c. Dharamkeerthi d. Aswaghosha 38. Barhaspatya is the other name of …….. a. Charvaka b. Buddhism c. Jainism d. Sankhya

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School of Distance Education 39. Who reject the element of Akasa? a .Buddhism b. Jainism c. Sankhya d. Charvakas 40. According to Charvakas …… is liberation a. Birth b. c. Death d. Moksha 41. The founders of the faith according to Jainism are a. Tirthankaras b. Madhyamikas c. Prophets d. Priests 42. Avadhi is a type of …… knowledge by Jainas a. Aparoksha b. Paroksha c. Suddha d. Vivarta 43. The name of third Tirthankara of Jainas is a. Parswanatha b. Rshabhadeva c. Bharata d. Mahaveera 44. Which type of knowledge includes Mati and Sruta in Jain thought? a. Aparoksha b. Paroksha c. High d. eternal 45. Jains developed a. Syadvada b. Dukhasatya c. Yajna d.Satkarya 46. The type of telepathy in Jainism is a. Manahparyaya b. Kevala c. Sruthi d. Kaivalya

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School of Distance Education 47. The first argument in syadvada is a. Syad nasti b. Syad asti c. Syad asti nasti avaktavyam d. Syad avaktavyam 48. The last argument in syadvada is a. Syad nasti b. Syad asti c. Syad asti nasti avaktavyam d. Syad avaktavyam 49. The second Buddhist council was held at a. Vaisali b. Magadha c. Puri d. Madhura 50. One of the aryasatyas is a. Life is suffering b. Life is joy c. Life is nothing d. Life is everything

Answer

1. b 16.d 2. b 17.c 3. a 18.c 4. d 19.b 5. c 20.c 6. b 21.c 7. d 22.c 8. b 23.a 9. b 24.d 10.a 25.b 11.d 26.a 12.c 27.b 13.b 28.b 14.a 29.d 15.a 30.c

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School of Distance Education 31.a 47.b 32.c 48.c 33.b 49.a 34.c 50.a 35.c 36.a 37.d 38.a 39.a 40.c 41.a 42.a 43.a 44.b 45.a 46.a

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