DOCSLIB.ORG

Briefing Note

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Briefing Note Briefing Note The Adaptation Fund (AF) finances projects that help vulnerable communities in developing countries adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change while providing an innovative direct access modality that allows accredited national institutions in developing countries to access financing and manage projects directly. Reviewed & Approved Pioneering Adaptation The AF creates tangible, positive results on the ground, focusing on adaptation Efficient Finance and strengthening capacity in developing - Direct Access Effective countries for all climate finance mechanisms. - Replicable, scalable The AF has demonstrated its effectiveness as Relevant - Flexible, localized a global financial mechanism. Key achievements of the Adaptation Fund The Paris Agreement Operationalization of direct access Proven ability to ensure an accelerated, and the Adaptation Fund ✓ to climate finance, allowing national ✓ simplified, efficient and effective The Paris Agreement includes adaptation as a key institutions to take on the implementation project cycle combined with orientation component of the global response to climate change, role typically undertaken by UN towards results and performance-based and the Adaptation Fund is contributing to the organizations and MDBs. Throughout the measurements; objectives of the Agreement. Moreover, the decision accreditation process, national entities build Record high of US$ 268 million in new taken by the first meeting of the Parties to the Paris and enhance local capacity. The Direct ✓ funding requested across record 40 Agreement (CMA) recognizes that the AF should formally Access model, pioneered by the AF, has proposals for the 33rd Adaptation Fund serve the Agreement. Following a decision by Kyoto proven replication value for other climate Board meeting in March 2019, which shows member Parties during COP23 that AF should formally financing organizations, such as the Green growing demand for adaptation projects; serve the Agreement, during COP24, the CMA decided Climate Fund (GCF); the Fund shall serve the Paris Agreement, starting from Three new small grant funding windows Medium-term strategy 2018-2022 January 1st, 2019. The new market mechanisms of the ✓ (innovation grants, project scale-up grants adopted in October 2017 emphasizing Paris Agreement also provide an opportunity to utilize ✓ and learning micro-grants) with total of pillars of Action, Innovation and Learning. the Fund’s experience on monetizing carbon assets. US$ 5 million approved in 2018, Strategy implementation plan approved To date, the AF has raised US$ 201.18 million through are aimed at scaling up and accelerating in March 2018 to accelerate and enhance carbon markets – a system that is fully operational. AF’s innovative and effective work on the quality of adaptation action, scale up ground and sharing its knowledge; The Paris Agreement promotes human rights by proven innovations, and share knowledge acknowledging climate change should be addressed in of effective adaptation. The strategy is Fast-track Adaptation Fund accreditation a way that respects vulnerable populations and gender aimed at empowering the most vulnerable, ✓ process approved in 2018 for equality. The AF has stayed ahead of this curve, adopting advancing gender equality, strengthening implementing entities that have already a policy in 2013 that ensures any projects supported capacity, and building complementarity; been accredited by the Green Climate Fund (GCF). A similar process exists for AF entities by the Fund must promote positive environmental Relevance, efficiency and effectiveness to be fast-tracked by GCF; and social benefits, including respecting human rights, ✓ of AF projects and programmes validated gender equality and vulnerable groups, something that with high marks by the second phase of Funding window for regional projects has been specifically acknowledged, among others, the independent evaluation of the Fund ✓ and programmes incorporated as a by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on human in June 2018; standing part of the Fund’s operations rights and the environment. AF further streamlined to enable adaptation projects that cross Implementation of Readiness Programme equal access across all Fund programmes and resources borders; among women and men in March 2016 by approving a ✓ for Climate Finance to build countries’ capacities to access funding and develop Serves the Paris Agreement as of Jan gender policy and action plan. projects for climate adaptation through ✓ 1, 2019, following a decision at COP24, regional and global knowledge sharing which recognizes the important role of the workshops, field visits and webinars, grants Fund in climate finance; LONG-TERM for technical assistance and South-South Active civil society involvement cooperation; ✓ at various levels, such as allowing CLIMATE FINANCE Strong, transparent safeguards in comments on proposals under ROADMAP ✓ adaptation projects and principles that consideration, monitoring during promote human rights and gender implementation, and participation in • Roadmap established equality while protecting marginalized Board meetings; by COP21 groups and natural habitats; Adaptation Fund raised a single-year • Landmark CMP decision at Record amount of US$ 104.5 million of ✓ record US$ 129 million in new funding COP23 that AF shall serve ✓ funding for new projects approved in 2017; in 2018, showing the great trust placed the Paris Agreement in its work for the most vulnerable • AF serves Paris Agreement communities of developing countries as of Jan 1, 2019 around the world. www.adaptation-fund.org May 2019 Briefing Note The Adaptation Fund portfolio of concrete adaptation projects and programmes The AF has transferred about 55 per cent of total committed funds to recipient countries. In total, US$ 564 million has been allocated for climate adaptation projects/programmes, project US ANNUAL formulation activities, South-South cooperation grants for No predictable $90M INCOME accreditation support and environmental and social policy funding source technical assistance grants, in a total of 85 countries with the per year TARGET majority of projects now in the implementation stage (see minimum Annex II). DEMAND IS HIGH: US$314M PROJECT PIPELINE UNDER DEVELOPMENT An opportunity to channel finance to effective 84 $564 million adaptation to climate change current tangible committed to The AF is one of the most innovative and unique climate funds, and has PROJECTS 85 countries achieved impressive progress in just a few years. The AF has proven its effectiveness as a highly efficient and transparent framework for directly channeling adaptation finance to developing countries. It is the only climate adaptation fund that includes the 85 18 29 most vulnerable communities as a COUNTRIES: SIDS LDCS strategic priority. ADAPTATION IS UNDER-FUNDED The original source of revenue for the Fund – the sale of Certified Emission Climate Funding Currently 47 implementing entities are accredited to the AF Reductions (CERs) accrued through a of which 29 are National Implementing Entities in Africa, Latin 2 per cent levy on Clean Development Adaptation America and the Caribbean, and Asia-Pacific that have direct Mechanism projects – has drastically access to adaptation financing. So far, 26 NIEs have received diminished due to market forces. The funding. The AFB and its secretariat actively collaborate with Board has continued to attract funds Mitigation other climate funds, such as the Green Climate Fund, and through developed country donations, share lessons learned from the unique experience of eight by delivering concrete, effective, and years implementing direct access to climate finance. localized projects and continuing to innovate through pioneering programmes like Direct Access, OECD report: $62B annual Adaptation Fund flexible finance modalities, social climate funding, but only 16% Investments and environmental risk management for adaptation projects policies and gender action plans. The FORESTS URBAN Fund also developed an alternative DISASTER RISK 1% DEVELOPMENT REDUCTION 2% streamlined accreditation process to open doors to climate finance for smaller 14% FOOD countries and organizations, and further has in place an innovative funding SECURITY window for regional projects and programmes for multiple countries facing COASTAL ZONE 21% MANAGEMENT climate change issues that cross borders. 9% The Board has established a cap of 50 per cent of the cumulative resources in the trust fund for projects submitted by MIEs in order to ensure that all accredited WATER MULTISECTOR MANAGEMENT NIEs can receive funding for at least one project. However, funding requests 13% 14% for the 33rd Adaptation Fund Board meeting in 2019 hit a record high of US$ 268 million with 40 project proposals, and with more funding and sustainable RURAL funding sources, AF could address that growing demand. As a strong signal of DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURE 10% 16% support, the Adaptation Fund broke its single-year resource mobilization record with US$ 129 million in new pledges for 2018-2019, and these pledges will help the AF reach even more vulnerable communities in developing countries with urgently needed climate adaptation solutions. For more information on the Fund, please contact the Adaptation Fund Board secretariat: [email protected] www.adaptation-fund.org Annex I: Implementing Entities of the Adaptation Fund Accessing Resources from the Adaptation Fund Potential implementing entities are evaluated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region
    Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series 2010 Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha The Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series is a medium for sharing recent research commissioned to inform the Arab Human Development Report, and fur- ther research in the field of human development. The AHDR Research Paper Series is a quick-disseminating, informal publication whose titles could subsequently be revised for publication as articles in professional journals or chapters in books. The authors include leading academics and practitioners from the Arab countries and around the world. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are strictly those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNDP or United Nations Member States. The present paper was authored by Balgis Osman Elasha. * * * Balgis Osman-Elasha is a Climate Change Adaptation Expert at the African Development Bank. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree (with Honours) and a Doctorate in Forestry Science, and a Master’s Degree in Environmental Science. She has extensive experience in climate change research, with a focus on the human dimensions of global environmental change (GEC) and sustainable development. She is a winner of the UNEP Champions of the Earth award, 2008, and a member of the IPCC Lead Authors Nobel Peace Prize winners in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Climate Finance Flows in the Agricultural Sector
    www.oeko.de Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Felix Fallasch, Anne Siemons (Öko-Institut) November 2020 Disclaimer: This background paper was written as part of the REFOPLAN research project “Ambitious GHG mitigation in the agricultural sector: Analysis of sustainable potential in selected focus countries” (Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Project No. 3720415040) supervised by the German Environment Agency. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the German Government. Contact: Felix Fallasch Anne Siemons Researcher Senior Researcher Energy & Climate Energy & Climate Phone: +49 30 405085 317 Phone: +49 761 45295 290 [email protected] [email protected] Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Table of Contents 1 Introduction and goal of the paper 3 2 Overview of sources and flows of finance for mitigation and adaptation in agriculture 3 2.1 Total global investments 4 2.2 Climate finance provided to developing countries 5 2.2.1 Bilateral flows 5 2.2.2 Financing through multilateral organisations 9 2.2.2.1 Institutions under the UNFCCC 9 2.2.2.2 Programmes of the World Bank 14 2.2.2.3 The GEF 16 2.2.2.4 Programmes of the FAO 17 2.2.3 Other multilateral activities 17 2.2.4 Financing through multilateral development banks (MDBs) 21 3 Conclusions 22 4 References 23 Annex 1: Indicative list of GCF Projects that operate in the agriculture sector 25 2 Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector 1 Introduction and goal of the paper Achieving the socio-economic transformation towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the second half of this century, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, requires an unprecedented effort to realign public and private investments across all economic sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq's Water Woes
    Iraq’s Water Woes: Present and Future Challenges to Scarcity and Abundance October 2020 Marcus Arcanjo Introduction Sustainable peace in Iraq has long been a challenge. Despite recent successes in local communities––such as the military wins against ISIS––a number of socio-economic, political, and environmental challenges remain. Climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity have been agreed upon by experts to be multipliers of existing threats rather than direct causes of conflict and disruptions to peace. This paper explores the role of water and the vulnerability to environmental issues, including climate change, in Iraq. It studies the history of water insecurity in Iraq and how it can exacerbate existing fragilities and hostilities. The inability to access basic resources combined with a troublesome political environment fuels the potential for conflict as livelihoods are lost and a lack of adaptive capacity causes heightened community tensions. Equally, this paper seeks to explain the paradoxical situation in this country in terms of a lack of water for consumption, hygiene, and agriculture but an abundance of flooding in the Southern regions resulting from climate change–related sea level rise. Lastly, potential pathways forward are discussed. History of Water Challenges Water flow from the Euphrates and Tigris, rivers that supply up to 98 per cent of Iraq’s water, has decreased by 30 percent in the last four decades.1 A 2018 report by the Iraq Energy Institute acknowledges the reductions in water flow coming from dam construction in neighboring countries, increased water use by the oil industry, and the destruction of infrastructure resulting from war.2 Turkey and Syria, upstream neighbours, developed large infrastructure projects such as canals and dams that hinder the flow of water downstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of Pisolithus Sp., (Sclerodermataceae) - First Recording in Western Iraq
    Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 43 (2), 520-523, Mar. - Apr. 2021 Short Communication Isolation of Pisolithus sp., (Sclerodermataceae) - First recording in western Iraq Mustafa Nadhim Owaid1, 2* 1 Department of Heet Education, General Directorate of Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education, Hit, Anbar, 31007 Iraq 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Hit, Anbar, 31007 Iraq Received: 9 March 2020; Revised: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 3 April 2020 Abstract Pisolithus is a rare macro-fungal genus belonging to the family Sclerodermataceae and has been identified for the first time in Anbar. This puffball grew associated with Eucalyptus sp. tree and was collected during October 2013 at the campus of University of Anbar (UOA), Ramadi, which lies at 33.403457° N and 43.262189° E in dry conditions. This mushroom is considered to be ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and has an essential role in the physiology of Eucalyptus sp. This study added a new species to the biodiversity of macro-fungi in the arid and semi-arid area in Iraq. Keywords: biodiversity, EMC fungi, Ramadi, classification, Eucalyptus, ultramafic soil 1. Introduction ultramafic nickel-tolerant ecotype, indicating particular and adaptive sub-atomic reaction to nickel. In this way, this Fungi are eukaryotic organisms comprising of fine fungus plays a critical part in Eucalyptus adapted to the high hyphae, which together form a mycelium. Fungi play concentrations of nickel in soils (Jourand et al., 2014). significant environmental roles as decomposers, and as The Iraqi desert in Anbar province is rich in the mutualists with, and pathogens of plants and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Plan of Action (Epoa) Iraq: Droughts
    P a g e | 1 Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Iraq: Droughts DREF Operation n° MDRIQ013 Glide n°: DR-2021-000119-IRQ Date of issue: 02 September 2021 Expected timeframe: 6 months Expected end date: 31 March 2022 Category allocated to the of the disaster or crisis: Orange DREF allocated: CHF 680,569 Total number of 7 million people Number of people to be 43,116 people (7,186 people affected: assisted: households) Governorates Out of the 18 governorates in Governorates targeted: Ninewa, Diyala and Basra affected: the country, 7 governorates are severely affected: Ninewa, Basra, Diyala, Erbil, Duhok, Wassit and Thiqar National Society presence (n° of volunteers, staff, branches): The Iraqi Red Crescent Society (IRCS) is a voluntary humanitarian organization; IRCS has a strong branch network in the country, which is well capable in providing relief in times of disasters/emergencies. A number of staff and volunteers are trained in disaster response. National Response Teams (NRT) and Branch Response Teams (BRT) are available at all levels. IRCS has also trained disaster response teams specialized in health, PSS, and hygiene promotion. These members are well-trained on life-saving techniques to assist rescue operations in times of need. Further, trained First Aid (FA) volunteers are also available in all branches, in readiness for immediate deployment at time of disaster for life-saving purposes. IRCS has a pool of Cash Voucher Assistance (CVA) trained persons, who could be deployed to set up and assist in the implementation of the CVA programs. The IRCS will work through its Baghdad branch, supported by the national headquarters and National Disaster Response Teams (NDRTs) will be directly supporting emergency operation activities through 60 volunteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraqi Sewage, Pollutants Threaten Ancient Mesopotamian Marshes 70% of Iraq’S Industrial Waste Is Dumped Directly Into Rivers Or the Sea
    Established 1961 7 Thursday, May 6, 2021 International Iraqi sewage, pollutants threaten ancient Mesopotamian marshes 70% of Iraq’s industrial waste is dumped directly into rivers or the sea CHIBAYISH, Iraq: In southern Iraq, putrid water gush- es out of waste pipes into marshes reputed to be home News in brief to the biblical Garden of Eden, threatening an already fragile world heritage site. In a country where the state lacks the capacity to guarantee basic services, 70 per- Netanyahu loses mandate cent of Iraq’s industrial waste is dumped directly into rivers or the sea, according to data compiled by the JERUSALEM: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin United Nations and academics. Netanyahu’s mandate to form a government follow- Jassim Al-Assadi, head of non-governmental organi- ing an inconclusive election expired yesterday, giv- zation Nature Iraq, told AFP the black wastewater ing his rivals a chance to take power and end the poured into the UNESCO-listed marshes carries “pollu- divisive premier’s record tenure. Netanyahu, on trial tion and heavy metals that directly threaten the flora and over corruption charges he denies, had a 28-day fauna” present there. Once an engineer at Iraq’s water window to secure a coalition following the March 23 resources ministry, Assadi left that job to dedicate him- vote, Israel’s fourth in less than two years. The 71- self to saving the extraordinary natural habitat, which year-old’s right-wing Likud party won the most had previously faced destruction at the hands of Saddam seats in the vote, but he and his allies came up short Hussein and is further jeopardized by climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Climate Change in Iraq and Jordan
    Working Paper 27 Mapping climate change in Iraq and Jordan Eddy De Pauw, Muna Saba, and Sabah H. Ali 1 Acknowledgements Authors: Eddy De Pauw, Muna Saba, and Sabah H. Ali The authors would like to express their gratitude to those who contributed to this paper: Ministries of Agriculture in Iraq and Jordan, and to the collaborating institutions and universities in both the countries. Thanks are also extended to ICARDA management, programs and units for their support. Thanks and appreciation are due to the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) for their financial contribution and for their keen interest in achieving better understanding and finding solutions to the climate change phenomenon. Special thanks are extended to all farmers and their communities for their support and friendliness. This working paper is an output of the the project on “Improving food security and climate change adaptability of livestock producers using the rainfed barley-based system in Iraq and Jordan” (IFAD Grant 1240-ICARDA) ICARDA Working Papers document the progress of the ICARDA research program and its support to country partners in more than 40 drylands countries. Working Papers are one of ICARDA’s global pub- lic goods; they capture and share knowledge and learning from projects and research partnerships. Each paper is internally reviewed as part of the center’s publishing process. ISBN: 92-91274739 Key words: Aridity index, climate change, food security, Iraq, Jordan, map downscaling, projected climate change, rainfed systems. Feedback: ICARDA welcomes comment and feedback on this publication. [email protected] www.icarda.org The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of ICARDA.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOPOLITICAL ECOLOGIES of ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, LAND GRABBING and MIGRATION: Comparative Perspectives from Senegal and Cambodia
    GEOPOLITICAL ECOLOGIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, LAND GRABBING AND MIGRATION: comparative perspectives from Senegal and Cambodia by Sara Vigil Díaz-Telenti This research was funded by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS). © Sara Vigil Díaz-Telenti 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission by the author. The cover image is an original painting by Filipino activist and artist Boy Dominguez. It was the cover of a special issue of The Journal of Peasant Studies, volume 39, issue 2, 2012. ISBN 978-90-6490-109-6 University of Liège and International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam Geopolitical Ecologies of Environmental Change, Land Grabbing and Migration: comparative perspectives from Senegal and Cambodia Geopolitieke ecologie van milieuveranderingen, landroof en migratie: een vergelijkende studie in Senegal en Cambodja Thesis to obtain the degree of Doctor from the University of Liège and the degree of Doctor from the Erasmus University Rotterdam by command of the Rector Magnificus Prof. R.C.M.E. Engels and in accordance with the decision of the Doctorate Board The public defence shall be held on Thursday 7 November 2019 at 10.00 hrs by Sara Vigil Díaz-Telenti born in Gijón, Spain Doctoral Committee Doctoral dissertation supervisors Prof. S.M. Borras, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam Dr. F. Gemenne, University of Liège Other members Prof. J. Ribot, American University Washington, DC Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Linkage Between Precipitation and Temperature Changes in Iraq and Greenhouse Gas Variability
    Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, Vol. 46, No. 4, Winter 2021, P. 199-212 (Research) DOI: 10.22059/jesphys.2020.288915.1007160 Investigating the Linkage between Precipitation and Temperature Changes in Iraq and Greenhouse Gas Variability Al-Khalidi, J.1*, Bakr, D.1, Hadi, A.2 and Omar, M.3 1. Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq 2. Associate Professor, Department of geography, Faculty of Education for Human Sciences, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq 3. Associate Professor, Department of physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sulaimami, Sulaimami, Iraq (Received: 16 Sep 2019, Accepted: 21 Jan 2020) Abstract In this study, the homogeneity of annual precipitation and temperature in Iraq were examined for the periods 1981-2010 and 1971-2010, respectively in terms of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and their link to climate change. Observational data of precipitation and temperature were provided by Iraqi meteorological stations along with information on GHG concentrations from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR V4.3.2). The homogeneity characterisations of both precipitation and temperature were undertaken, noting that precipitation was homogeneous over the period of study, whereas, temperature, on the other hand, had breakpoints for the meteorological stations investigated. The Mann-Kendall test was performed to determine the trend and magnitude of changes in climate conditions. The time series for precipitation showed a significant decline trend in six stations. However, temperature had a slight trend throughout the period of study. The annual time series of GHG emissions in Iraq and the link with the country’s climate was also investigated in this study indicating that the time series of N2O and CO2 increased over time, but CH4 decreased over the same period.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Pipeline of SINGLE-COUNTRY Proposals Endorsed by The
    Active pipeline of SINGLE-COUNTRY proposals endorsed by the government and submitted to the Adaptation Fund since COP 22 / CMP 12 COUNTRY AGENCY FINANCING STAGE NAME REQUESTED NIE PROPOSALS Armenia EPIU $1,435,000 Concept Artik city closed stone pit wastes and flood management pilot project (endorsed) Armenia EPIU $2,506,000 Concept Sustainable management of adjacent ecosystems of specially protected nature areas of the RA and capacity building in communities Dominican IDDI $9,954,000 Concept Enhancing Climate Resilience in San Cristóbal Province, Dominican Republic (endorsed) Republic - Integrated Water Resources Management Programme Indonesia Kemitraan $998,878 Concept Build and strengthen resilience of coastal community against climate change impacts by Perempuan Inspirasi Perubahan Pesisir (PINISI) or Women Inspiration for Coastal Change in Bulukumba District Indonesia Kemitraan $905,109 Concept Community Adaptation for Forest-Food Based Management in Saddang (endorsed) Watershed Ecosystem Indonesia Kemitraan $946,287 Concept Developing Community Resilience to Adapt to Climate Change in Maratua Indonesia Kemitraan $990,000 Concept Development of Sustainable Seaweed and Fishery Management for Enhance Community Prosperity; Climate Change Adaptation of Coastal and Small Island at Nusa Tenggara Barat Province Indonesia Kemitraan $589,975 Concept The adaptation measures to support sustainable livelihoods for local communities in mangrove ecosystem in the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan Indonesia Kemitraan $1,000,000 Concept Improving community's resilience and government policy response for climate change adaptation in West Papua Province of Indonesia Indonesia Kemitraan $4,169,987 Concept Building Coastal City Resilience to Climate Change Impacts and Natural (endorsed) Disasters in Pekalongan City, Central Java Province Cook Islands MFEM $2,999,125 Full proposal Akamatutu’anga kia Tukatau te Ora’anga ite Pa Enua” Pa Enua Action for Resilient Livelihoods (PEARL) Micronesia (F.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Desertification
    SPM3 Desertification Coordinating Lead Authors: Alisher Mirzabaev (Germany/Uzbekistan), Jianguo Wu (China) Lead Authors: Jason Evans (Australia), Felipe García-Oliva (Mexico), Ismail Abdel Galil Hussein (Egypt), Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal (Pakistan), Joyce Kimutai (Kenya), Tony Knowles (South Africa), Francisco Meza (Chile), Dalila Nedjraoui (Algeria), Fasil Tena (Ethiopia), Murat Türkeş (Turkey), Ranses José Vázquez (Cuba), Mark Weltz (The United States of America) Contributing Authors: Mansour Almazroui (Saudi Arabia), Hamda Aloui (Tunisia), Hesham El-Askary (Egypt), Abdul Rasul Awan (Pakistan), Céline Bellard (France), Arden Burrell (Australia), Stefan van der Esch (The Netherlands), Robyn Hetem (South Africa), Kathleen Hermans (Germany), Margot Hurlbert (Canada), Jagdish Krishnaswamy (India), Zaneta Kubik (Poland), German Kust (The Russian Federation), Eike Lüdeling (Germany), Johan Meijer (The Netherlands), Ali Mohammed (Egypt), Katerina Michaelides (Cyprus/United Kingdom), Lindsay Stringer (United Kingdom), Stefan Martin Strohmeier (Austria), Grace Villamor (The Philippines) Review Editors: Mariam Akhtar-Schuster (Germany), Fatima Driouech (Morocco), Mahesh Sankaran (India) Chapter Scientists: Chuck Chuan Ng (Malaysia), Helen Berga Paulos (Ethiopia) This chapter should be cited as: Mirzabaev, A., J. Wu, J. Evans, F. García-Oliva, I.A.G. Hussein, M.H. Iqbal, J. Kimutai, T. Knowles, F. Meza, D. Nedjraoui, F. Tena, M. Türkeş, R.J. Vázquez, M. Weltz, 2019: Desertification. In:Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, E. Calvo Buendia, V. Masson-Delmotte, H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat, E. Haughey, S. Luz, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Iraq
    Profile on Environmental and Social Considerations in Iraq September 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency （JICA) CRE CR(5) 11-012 Table of Contents Chapter1 General Condition of Iraq ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 General Condition of the Republic of Iraq ...................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Location and Topography ....................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 Climate ...................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.1.3 Hydrology ................................................................................................................. 1-5 1.1.4 Political Structure, Legal Framework, Administrative Organization ........................ 1-5 1.2 Regulations and Policies on the Environmental and Social Considerations ................... 1-6 1.3 Administrative Organizations related to the Environmental and Social Considerations . 1-7 1.4 Ratification on International Treaties .............................................................................. 1-9 1.5 Trend of NGO ............................................................................................................... 1-10 1.6 Trend of Donors ............................................................................................................ 1-10 1.7 The current situation of local resource persons ............................................................
    [Show full text]