DOCSLIB.ORG

Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration VOLUME 8, NO. 2 • JANUARY 2020 OXFORD MONITOR OF FORCED MIGRATION Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration The Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration (OxMo) is a bi-annual, independent, academic journal engaging in a global intellectual dialogue about forced migration with students, researchers, academics, volunteers, activists, artists, as well as those displaced themselves. By monitoring policy, legal, political and academic developments, OxMo draws attention to the realities of forced migration and identifies gaps in refugee protection. Editorial Board Editors-in-Chief Chloe Marshall-Denton Lena Kainz First Hand Editors Vicky Taylor Fatima Zehra Naqvi Erica Sewell Timo Schmidt Academic Editors Andrea Ortiz Lucy Boddington Lorna Morris Field Monitor Editors Danilo Zak Anne Schnitzer Jun Pang Olivia Johnson Policy Monitor Editors Alexandra Biggs Amy Fallon Jorica Pamintuan Law Monitor Editors Louisa Yasukawa Mia Haas-Goldberg Artistic Expression Editors Chloe Marshall-Denton Lena Kainz Disclaimer Opinions expressed by authors in OxMo do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Editors. Articles published in OxMo do not represent the views of the Refugee Studies Centre or the University of Oxford. Copyright for articles published in OxMo rests with the author(s). Materials may be downloaded, re- produced, and circulated in entirety provided that the title, author, and source (OxMo) is acknowledged. Unless indicated otherwise, the photos featured with each article were taken by the author(s). The photo on the front and back cover featured on this issue were taken by Stephen Dover. A special thank you to Jorica Pamintuan for the graphic design of this issue. For more information about OxMo’s past issues and upcoming deadlines, visit our website www.oxforcedmigration.com or follow us on Twitter: @oxmofm Table of Contents Foreword v CHLOE MARSHALL-DENTON AND LENA KAINZ FIRST HAND SECTION Why Resettlement? 1 HEBA AND NOUR Self and Self-Reliance 5 GERAWORK TEFERRA POETRY Why I Leave Home 9 ቤተይ ገዲፈ YOHANA TEKESTE Sister 11 CELESTE CANTOR-STEPHENS And Then It Rained 16 CARLA SOFIA FERREIRA FERNANDES LAW MONITOR More Rights, Less Justice: Tribal Communities and the Indian Republic 18 PRASHANT SINGH AND MEGHNA SHARMA ‘Indigenous Peoples’ Rights in the Context of Borders, Migration and 24 Displacement’: A UN Study on Indigenous Migration ANNE-CÉLINE LEYVRAZ POLICY MONITOR When ‘Qualifying’ as a Refugee Gets You Permanent ‘Illegal’ Status in 30 Hong Kong ANNIE LI The Politics of Exhaustion: Immigration Control in the British-French 33 Border Zone MARTA WELANDER Eight Years of Displacement: Syria’s Statelessness Still Unidentified 39 THOMAS MCGEE AND ZAHRA ALBARAZI ii Water Scarcity and Environmental Displacement in Southern Iraq: 45 Perceptions and Realities TIBA FATLI FIELD MONITOR 54 Remembering the Camps: Portuguese De-Colonization, Competing Colonialisms in Mozambique, and Deportation to India NAFEESAH ALLEN 62 Reflective Practice and the Contribution of Refugee-Researchers to Critical Understandings of the Refugee Integration Process VEYSI DAG 68 A Model of Protracted Suffering among Refugees on the Greek Islands: The Case of Chios MOHAMAD ALHUSSEIN SAOUD AND MARTA WELANDER ACADEMIC SECTION The Picture from Above: Using Satellite Imagery to Overcome 75 Methodological Challenges in Studying Environmental Displacement ALISON HESLIN AND LISA THALHEIMER Challenges to the Governance of the Return of Victims Abroad to 88 Colombia PAUL DE Ryck AND STÉPHANIE LÓPEZ VILLAMIL Regionalisation Versus Securitisation: The Pending Fate of the Refugee 103 Protection Regime in Central America BRIANNA GÓMEZ CASTRO Between Torture and Hiding: The North Korean Migration Case in 122 China PHILLIP KRAETER Beyond the ‘Women-and-Children’ Bias in Human Trafficking: A Study 132 of Haitian Migrants in the Dominican Republic JEAN-PIERRE MURRAY Artistic and Creative Expressions Journey Signs of Asylum Seeking 151 ERNEST ZHANAEV iii Foreword Dear Reader, In this issue, we feature twenty contributions from thinkers around the world on issues cutting across policy, law, and research in the field of forced migration studies. Continuing OxMo’s long-standing tradition of offering space for critical and oft- neglected perspectives in the global discourse on displacement, several of this issue’s authors contribute their personal critiques, insights, and policy recommendations from their own experience of displacement. In the first hand section, two resettled refugees in the UK make the case for scaling up resettlement, while a resident of Kakuma refugee camp urges us to rethink self-reliance strategies in Kenya and beyond. Together, they reflect on the role and potential of policy in enabling displaced individuals to shape and reconstitute meaningful lives in and beyond displacement. Contributors to the Artistic and Field sections further explore themes of integration, bureaucracy, and discrimination from the perspective of researchers who have experienced asylum and integration first hand. While the photography taken by a Kyrgyz researcher during his personal journey through the British asylum system explores the materiality of bureaucracy and everyday life, another contribution reflects on the positionality, practice, and experiences of a refugee-researcher addressing bottom-up integration in Europe. This issue’s contributions speak to varied geographical, as well as historical, contexts: from competing forms of colonialism in Mozambique to contesting power at the British- French border zone; they offer broader theoretical insights into the displacement, contestation, and injustices to which coercive practices of colonialism and border enforcement have given rise. The issue further shines a new light on long-standing challenges, such as the statelessness of Syrians and the protracted suffering of refugees on Greek islands. Throughout the volume, our contributors continue to expose gaps and challenges in the current protection regimes for displaced individuals, whether it be the legal limbo of refugees in Hong Kong, protection challenges of North Koreans in China, limitations of the legal framework on indigenous migration, or the pending fate of the refugee regime in Central America. The issue also considers nascent themes in the study of forced migration, in particular focusing on climate-induced displacement. Encouraging an understanding of environmental displacement both from ‘below’ and ‘above’, our authors in turn explore the link between water scarcity and mobility in southern Iraq - urging for greater understandings of local perspectives on climate-displacement - and share their reflections on the use of satellite imagery to overcome methodological challenges in studying this form of displacement. These different perspectives contribute to a burgeoning conversation on environmental displacement and provide avenues for better understanding and responding to environmental distress. As in our previous issue, we are proud to feature artistic and creative expressions and to publish pieces in different languages. This time, we would like to draw your attention to poetry featured in both English and Tigrinya written by an Eritrean refugee in Ethiopia, as well as English-language poems drawing on themes of displacement, migration, and family. iv Finally, we would like to thank everyone who has worked tirelessly over the past months to put together OxMo’s Volume 8.2, not least the editors and authors without whom this issue would not have been possible. We would also like to express our gratitude to the staff and faculty of the University of Oxford for their continued and strong support of OxMo. We hope you will find joy, inspiration, as well as food for thought and action in engaging with the ideas, images, critical reflections, and personal stories of OxMo’s Volume 8.2. Enjoy reading! Chloe Marshall-Denton & Lena Kainz Co-Editors-in-Chief Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration v Why Resettlement? HEBA AND NOUR1 We are Nour and Heba, Syrian host country, we could rebuild our life refugees who resettled from Jordan to there. However, it was difficult to support Wales in August 2018. We have been our living costs since our legal status did refugees for seven years. The war not permit us to work. destroyed everything in our lives, our houses, our jobs, and our dreams. We Nour: In Jordan, I was lucky to lost some of our relatives. The war has continue my university education scattered our siblings across the world in accounting. Most Syrians without and we lost the simplest right to live any identity documents were not together as a family. Two of our brothers allowed to go to school. It took are in Saudi Arabia and we have not seen three years to get my ID and enroll them for nine years. Our other brother is in school, which is a huge amount in Germany. We still feel the impact of of time in a person’s life. I was lucky war, especially during Ramadan, which because my brother was able to we cannot celebrate as before because financially support my university it should be celebrated with family. attendance since I had to pay for Nonetheless, we are fortunate for the the university each term. UNHCR resettlement programme, which transfers refugees to a country that has Heba: Even though I already have agreed to admit them and provide experience and certificates in permanent protection, and to relocate accounting from Syria, it was illegal to the United Kingdom (UK). for me to work as a refugee in Jordan. We are involved in the VOICES I was frustrated and felt that this rule
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region
    Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series 2010 Mapping of Climate Change Threats and Human Development Impacts in the Arab Region Balgis Osman Elasha The Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series is a medium for sharing recent research commissioned to inform the Arab Human Development Report, and fur- ther research in the field of human development. The AHDR Research Paper Series is a quick-disseminating, informal publication whose titles could subsequently be revised for publication as articles in professional journals or chapters in books. The authors include leading academics and practitioners from the Arab countries and around the world. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are strictly those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNDP or United Nations Member States. The present paper was authored by Balgis Osman Elasha. * * * Balgis Osman-Elasha is a Climate Change Adaptation Expert at the African Development Bank. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree (with Honours) and a Doctorate in Forestry Science, and a Master’s Degree in Environmental Science. She has extensive experience in climate change research, with a focus on the human dimensions of global environmental change (GEC) and sustainable development. She is a winner of the UNEP Champions of the Earth award, 2008, and a member of the IPCC Lead Authors Nobel Peace Prize winners in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliometric Analysis of Methods and Tools for Drought Monitoring and Prediction in Africa
    sustainability Review Bibliometric Analysis of Methods and Tools for Drought Monitoring and Prediction in Africa Omolola M. Adisa 1,2,* , Muthoni Masinde 1 , Joel O. Botai 1,2 and Christina M. Botai 2 1 Department of Information Technology, Central University of Technology, Free State, Private Bag X200539, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (J.O.B.) 2 South African Weather Service, Private Bag X097, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-848491170 Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 12 August 2020 Abstract: The African continent has a long history of rainfall fluctuations of varying duration and intensities. This has led to varying degrees of drought conditions, triggering research interest across the continent. The research presented here is a bibliometric analysis of scientific articles on drought monitoring and prediction published in Africa. Scientific data analysis was carried out based on bibliometric mapping techniques applied to 332 scientific publications (1980 to 2020) retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. In addition, time series of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index for the previous 6 months (SPEI-6) over six regions in the continent was analysed giving the relative comparison of drought occurrences to the annual distribution of the scientific publications. The results revealed that agricultural and hydrological drought studies contributed about 75% of the total publications, while the remaining 25% was shared among socioeconomic and meteorological studies. Countries in the southern, western, and eastern regions of Africa led in terms of scientific publications during the period under review.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 USGC Nationals Multiple Choice Exam Part 1
    2021 US Geography Championships 7. Natural levees form immediately adjacent to which of Multiple Choice Examination - Part 1 the following? A. cut banks B. pendant bars Instructions – This portion of the multiple-choice C. drainage basins examination consists of 40 questions. You will receive D. eskers two points for a correct answer. You will lose one point for an incorrect answer. Blank responses lose no points. 8. Which of the following best describes the relationship Please fill in the bubbles completely on the answer between a cut bank and a point bar? sheet. You may write on the examination, but all A. they cannot be in close proximity to each other responses must be bubbled on the answer sheet. All B. both are common features of straight rivers images are contained in the resource booklet. Diacritic C. a cut bank is caused by erosion and a point bar by marks such as accents have been omitted from place deposition names and other proper nouns. You have one hour to D. both must be located in river deltas complete both the written portion of the examination and this set of multiple-choice questions. 9. Which of the following is true of the structure located at 4 on the image? Questions 1-10 refer to the image in section 1 in the A. it must be spring fed resource section of the examination. B. it will usually join the main river or stream at a belated confluence 1. This image represents landforms and structures C. it must exist inside of natural levees formed by which of the following processes? D.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Stocking Via Multi-Task Learning
    SEED STOCKING VIA MULTI-TASK LEARNING Yunhe Feng Wenjun Zhou Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Business Analytics & Statistics University of Tennessee University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996 Knoxville, TN 37996 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Sellers of crop seeds need to plan for the variety and quantity of seeds to stock at least a year in advance. There are a large number of seed varieties of one crop, and each can perform best under different growing conditions. Given the unpredictability of weather, farmers need to make decisions that balance high yield and low risk. A seed vendor needs to be able to anticipate the needs of farmers and have them ready. In this study, we propose an analytical framework for estimating seed demand with three major steps. First, we will estimate the yield and risk of each variety as if they were planted at each location. Since past experiments performed with different seed varieties are highly unbalanced across varieties, and the combination of growing conditions is sparse, we employ multi-task learning to borrow information from similar varieties. Second, we will determine the best mix of seeds for each location by seeking a tradeoff between yield and risk. Third, we will aggregate such mix and pick the top five varieties to re-balance the yield and risk for each growing location. We find that multi-task learning provides a viable solution for yield prediction, and our overall analytical framework has resulted in a good performance. Keywords modern portfolio theory · mean-regularized multi-task learning · graph based multi-task learning · crop yield prediction · seed selection 1 Introduction With the rapid growth of the global population, food demand increases proportionately.
    [Show full text]
  • Causes and Consequences Thesis Abdul
    T.C. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SECURITY CHALLENGES IN SOMALIA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES THESIS ABDULKADIR YUSUF ALI Department of Political Science And International Relations Political Science And International Relations Program September, 2019 T.C. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SECURITY CHALLENGES IN SOMALIA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES THESIS ABDULKADIR YUSUF ALI (Y1712.110046) Department of Political Science And International Relations Political Science And International Relations Program Thesis Advisor Prof. Dr. Hatice Deniz YÜKSEKER September, 2019 ONAY FORMU ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that all information in this thesis document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results, which are not original to this thesis. ABDULKADIR YUSUF ALI iii FOREWORD This thesis is concerned with the current sociopolitical problems of Somalia. The study tries to the best of its ability to present the origins, breadth and width of the security challenges that Somalia faces. Above all, it presents its arguments from an indigenous point of view which is quasi-independent of some of the literature presented by other Western scholars who maybe defiant of some very fine information and who might be missing a few fine points in their analogies. Furthermore, this study elucidates on the fundamental needs to address the root causes of the Somalia problem beginning from its indigenous identity before the arrival of the colonialists. Then it examines the different administrations in power and the political cultures they established by which it believes that regime type and governance might be accountable for the current collapsed nature of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pan-African High-Resolution Drought Index Dataset Science
    Discussions https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2019-138 Earth System Preprint. Discussion started: 7 October 2019 Science c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Open Access Open Data 1 A pan-African high-resolution drought index dataset 1,2 1 1 1 1 3 2 Jian Peng , Simon Dadson , Feyera Hirpa , Ellen Dyer , Thomas Lees , Diego G. Miralles , Sergio 4 5,6 3 M. Vicente-Serrano , Chris Funk 1. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK; 4 2. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 5 3. Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 6 4. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC) Zaragoza, Spain; 7 5. U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota; 8 6. Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Center, University of California, USA; 9 Corresponding author: Jian Peng ([email protected]) 10 11 12 13 Abstract 14 Droughts in Africa cause severe problems such as crop failure, food shortages, famine, epidemics and even 15 mass migration. To minimize the effects of drought on water and food security over Africa, a high-resolution 16 drought dataset is essential to establish robust drought hazard probabilities and to assess drought 17 vulnerability considering a multi- and cross-sectorial perspective that includes crops, hydrological systems, 18 rangeland, and environmental systems. Such assessments are essential for policy makers, their advisors, and 19 other stakeholders to respond to the pressing humanitarian issues caused by these environmental hazards. In 20 this study, a high spatial resolution Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought 21 dataset is presented to support these assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Climate Finance Flows in the Agricultural Sector
    www.oeko.de Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Felix Fallasch, Anne Siemons (Öko-Institut) November 2020 Disclaimer: This background paper was written as part of the REFOPLAN research project “Ambitious GHG mitigation in the agricultural sector: Analysis of sustainable potential in selected focus countries” (Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Project No. 3720415040) supervised by the German Environment Agency. The responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the German Government. Contact: Felix Fallasch Anne Siemons Researcher Senior Researcher Energy & Climate Energy & Climate Phone: +49 30 405085 317 Phone: +49 761 45295 290 [email protected] [email protected] Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector Table of Contents 1 Introduction and goal of the paper 3 2 Overview of sources and flows of finance for mitigation and adaptation in agriculture 3 2.1 Total global investments 4 2.2 Climate finance provided to developing countries 5 2.2.1 Bilateral flows 5 2.2.2 Financing through multilateral organisations 9 2.2.2.1 Institutions under the UNFCCC 9 2.2.2.2 Programmes of the World Bank 14 2.2.2.3 The GEF 16 2.2.2.4 Programmes of the FAO 17 2.2.3 Other multilateral activities 17 2.2.4 Financing through multilateral development banks (MDBs) 21 3 Conclusions 22 4 References 23 Annex 1: Indicative list of GCF Projects that operate in the agriculture sector 25 2 Background paper: Overview of climate finance flows in the agricultural sector 1 Introduction and goal of the paper Achieving the socio-economic transformation towards greenhouse gas neutrality in the second half of this century, as agreed in the Paris Agreement, requires an unprecedented effort to realign public and private investments across all economic sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Detecting Agricultural and Meteorological Drought with Gross
    Detecting Agricultural and Meteorological Drought With Gross Primary Production Recovery Including Spatiotemporal Statistical Analysis in East Africa's Lake Victoria Basin Yuefeng Hao Sungkyunkwan University - Suwon Campus: Sungkyunkwan University - Natural Sciences Campus Jongjin Baik Chung-Ang University Sseguya Fred Sungkyunkwan University - Suwon Campus: Sungkyunkwan University - Natural Sciences Campus Minha Choi ( [email protected] ) Sungkyunkwan University Research Article Keywords: Drought, Drought recovery time, SPEI, VCI, GPP, Lake Victoria Basin Posted Date: August 5th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-774555/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/CommonHTML/fonts/TeX/fontdata.js Page 1/24 Abstract Drought imposes severe, long-term effects on global environments and ecosystems. A better understanding of how long it takes a region to recover to pre-drought conditions after drought is essential for addressing future ecology risks. In this study, drought-related variables were obtained using remote sensing and reanalysis products for 2003 to 2016. The meteorological drought index (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index [SPEI]) and agricultural drought index (vegetation condition index [VCI]) were employed to estimate drought duration time (DDT) and drought recovery time (DRT). To the basin’s west, decreasing rainfall and increasing potential evapotranspiration led to decreasing SPEI. On the east side, decreasing soil moisture from each depth effects vegetation condition, which results in a decreasing gross primary productivity and VCI. Extreme meteorological drought events are likely to occur in the basin’s northeastern and middle western areas, while the southern basin is more likely to suffer from extreme agricultural drought events.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Productivity and Water Stress in Tropical East Africa: a Case Study of the 2010–2011 Drought
    land Article Ecosystem Productivity and Water Stress in Tropical East Africa: A Case Study of the 2010–2011 Drought Eugene S. Robinson 1, Xi Yang 2 and Jung-Eun Lee 1,* 1 Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-401-863-6465 Received: 25 January 2019; Accepted: 12 March 2019; Published: 22 March 2019 Abstract: Characterizing the spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem responses to drought is important in understanding the impact of water stress on tropical ecosystems and projecting future land cover transitions in the East African tropics. Through the analysis of satellite measurements of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture, rainfall, and reanalysis data, here we characterize the 2010–2011 drought in tropical East Africa. The 2010–2011 drought included the consecutive failure of rainy seasons in October–November–December 2010 and March–April–May 2011 and extended further east and south compared with previous regional droughts. During 2010–2011, SIF, a proxy of ecosystem productivity, showed a concomitant decline (~32% lower gross primary productivity, or GPP, based on an empirical SIF–GPP relationship, as compared to the long-term average) with water stress, expressed by lower precipitation and soil moisture. Both SIF and NDVI showed a negative response to drought, and SIF captured the response to soil moisture with a lag of 16 days, even if it had lower spatial resolution and much smaller energy compared with NDVI, suggesting that SIF can also serve as an early indicator of drought in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 April 2012
    UN General Assembly Informal Thematic Debate on Disaster Risk Reduction 12 April 2012 North Lawn Building Conference Room 2 46th Street at First Avenue UN Headquarters, New York Agenda ‐ Speakers’ Biographies ‐ Concept Note Organized in cooperation with UNISDR, DESA, OCHA, UNEP, UNESCO, UN­Habitat, Permanent Mission of Australia to the United Nations, Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations, and Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations 2 TIME PROGRAMME – CONFERENCE ROOM 2 (NLB) 10am – 10:45am OPENING SESSION H.E. Mr. Nassir Abdulaziz Al‐Nasser, President of the General Assembly Ms. Susana Malcorra, Under‐Secretary‐General, Chef de Cabinet of the United Nations Secretary‐General (delivering remarks on behalf of H.E. Mr. Ban Ki­Moon, United Nations Secretary­General) H.E. Mr. Willem Rampangilei, Deputy Coordinating Minister for People’s Welfare of the Republic of Indonesia (delivering remarks on behalf of H.E. Mr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of the Republic of Indonesia, UNISDR Global Champion for Disaster Risk Reduction) Senator The Hon. Bob Carr, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Australia (delivering remarks on behalf of the Group of Friends of Disaster Risk Reduction) H.E. Mr. Joe Nakano, Parliamentary Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan 10:45am – 1 pm INTERACTIVE PANEL DISCUSSION I: ADDRESSING URBAN RISK THROUGH PUBLIC INVESTMENT Moderated by Ms. Margareta Wahlström, Special Representative of the Secretary‐General for Disaster Risk Reduction Introduction: Understanding urban risk today and projections for tomorrow High‐level expert addressing each of the following sub‐themes: Making cities resilient Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Iraq's Water Woes
    Iraq’s Water Woes: Present and Future Challenges to Scarcity and Abundance October 2020 Marcus Arcanjo Introduction Sustainable peace in Iraq has long been a challenge. Despite recent successes in local communities––such as the military wins against ISIS––a number of socio-economic, political, and environmental challenges remain. Climate change, environmental degradation, and resource scarcity have been agreed upon by experts to be multipliers of existing threats rather than direct causes of conflict and disruptions to peace. This paper explores the role of water and the vulnerability to environmental issues, including climate change, in Iraq. It studies the history of water insecurity in Iraq and how it can exacerbate existing fragilities and hostilities. The inability to access basic resources combined with a troublesome political environment fuels the potential for conflict as livelihoods are lost and a lack of adaptive capacity causes heightened community tensions. Equally, this paper seeks to explain the paradoxical situation in this country in terms of a lack of water for consumption, hygiene, and agriculture but an abundance of flooding in the Southern regions resulting from climate change–related sea level rise. Lastly, potential pathways forward are discussed. History of Water Challenges Water flow from the Euphrates and Tigris, rivers that supply up to 98 per cent of Iraq’s water, has decreased by 30 percent in the last four decades.1 A 2018 report by the Iraq Energy Institute acknowledges the reductions in water flow coming from dam construction in neighboring countries, increased water use by the oil industry, and the destruction of infrastructure resulting from war.2 Turkey and Syria, upstream neighbours, developed large infrastructure projects such as canals and dams that hinder the flow of water downstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Options for Improving Drought Resilience and Its Implication for Food Security
    Policy Options for Improving Drought Resilience and its Implication for Food Security The Cases of Ethiopia and Kenya Mesay K. Duguma Michael Brüntrup Daniel Tsegai Published in cooperation with Policy options for improving drought resilience and its implication for food security The German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) is a multidisciplinary research, policy advice and training institute for Germany’s bilateral and multilateral development cooperation. On the basis of independent research, it acts as consultant to public institutions in Germany and abroad on current issues of cooperation between developed and developing countries. Through its nine-month training course, the German Development Institute prepares German and European university graduates for careers in the field of development policy. Mesay K. Duguma is an independent consultant based in Bonn. She has been involved in several studies commissioned by the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Deutsche Welthungerhilfe since 2015. Email: [email protected] Michael Brüntrup is a senior researcher in the “Sustainable Economic and Social Development” department at the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) in Bonn. Email: [email protected] Daniel Tsegai is a programme officer at the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Bonn. Email: [email protected] Studies Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik 98 Policy options for improving drought resilience and its implication for food security The cases of Ethiopia and Kenya Mesay K. Duguma Michael Brüntrup Daniel Tsegai Bonn 2017 Studies / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ISSN 1860-0468 Die deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar.
    [Show full text]