Time, Calendar and Millenium
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Timeline 6 BC to 70 AD One Clue Often Repeated Is Christ’S Birth Could Not Have Been in the Winter, Near December First Century Revelation 25
CODE 166 CODE 196 CODE 228 CODE 243 CODE 251 CODE 294 CODE 427 CODE 490 CODE 590 CODE 666 CODE 01010 COD E 1260 CODE 1447 CODE 1900 CODE 1975 CODE 2300 CODE 6000 CODE 144000 TIMELINE – 6 BCE to 70 CE by Floyd R. Cox (Revised 12-29-2018) Sources: HERE and HERE (Translation: Copy & paste into: https://www.freetranslation.com/) I did a Google search for “date of Herod’s death” and received 14,300 pages of hits. This is evidence there is lots of interest and considered to be importance. Why is it important? Christ born after Herod’s Death? http://code251.com/ If the generally accepted date for Herod’s death is correct (about March 30, 4 BC) then Jesus could not have been conceived in about December, 5 BC, and born 274 days later, on the Related Topics feast of Trumpets, the fall of 4 BC. In this view, Jesus was not born before Herod died. This suggests we should research earlier years and other clues for the conception and birth British Israelism in 5 or 6 BC. Revisited Born in the Winter? Timeline 6 BC to 70 AD One clue often repeated is Christ’s birth could not have been in the winter, near December First Century Revelation 25. Luke says the shepherds of Bethlehem were watching their sheep at night, and this would not likely be in the winter. However, I checked the weather for Bethlehem this year on and Restoring the First Century Context found the temperature in Bethlehem. It was 56 degrees on December 25, 59 degrees on December 26, and 54 on December 27. -
The Sweep of History
STUDENT’S World History & Geography 1 1 1 Essentials of World History to 1500 Ver. 3.1.10 – Rev. 2/1/2011 WHG1 The following pages describe significant people, places, events, and concepts in the story of humankind. This information forms the core of our study; it will be fleshed-out by classroom discussions, audio-visual mat erials, readings, writings, and other act ivit ies. This knowledge will help you understand how the world works and how humans behave. It will help you understand many of the books, news reports, films, articles, and events you will encounter throughout the rest of your life. The Student’s Friend World History & Geography 1 Essentials of world history to 1500 History What is history? History is the story of human experience. Why study history? History shows us how the world works and how humans behave. History helps us make judgments about current and future events. History affects our lives every day. History is a fascinating story of human treachery and achievement. Geography What is geography? Geography is the study of interaction between humans and the environment. Why study geography? Geography is a major factor affecting human development. Humans are a major factor affecting our natural environment. Geography affects our lives every day. Geography helps us better understand the peoples of the world. CONTENTS: Overview of history Page 1 Some basic concepts Page 2 Unit 1 - Origins of the Earth and Humans Page 3 Unit 2 - Civilization Arises in Mesopotamia & Egypt Page 5 Unit 3 - Civilization Spreads East to India & China Page 9 Unit 4 - Civilization Spreads West to Greece & Rome Page 13 Unit 5 - Early Middle Ages: 500 to 1000 AD Page 17 Unit 6 - Late Middle Ages: 1000 to 1500 AD Page 21 Copyright © 1998-2011 Michael G. -
Augustus Go to and Log in Using Your School’S Log in Details
Timelines – Augustus Go to www.worldbookonline.com and log in using your school’s log in details: Log-in ID: Password: Click on Advanced Type in Augustus in Search box Click the article titled Augustus Read the article and answer the questions below. 1. What date was Octavian (Augustus) born? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. In which year did Octavian take the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus? ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Octavian defeated Mark Antony, who had taken control of Rome following Caesar’s death, in which year? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Octavian and Mark Antony formed a political alliance, known as the Second Triumvirate, with Markus Aemilius Lepidus (chief priest of Rome). In which year were Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, Caesar’s chief assassins, defeated at Philippi in Macedonia? ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. What year was another threat, Sextus Pompey (son of Pompey the Great), defeated by Antony and Octavian? ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. In what year did the Triumvirate disintegrate? ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. In what year did Mark Antony and Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt) become lovers? ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. In what year did Octavian go to war against -
Cicero's Life
Cicero Philippic II Cicero’s Life Lives of Cicero of all lengths and depths abound; what follows is intended to highlight the main landmarks in Cicero’s career. A separate table chronicles the events of 44 BC in more detail. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 107 Marius elected consul for the first time 106 Birth of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey), later called ‘Magnus’; both equestrians. 104 – 100 Marius consul for five successive years. 104/2 Birth of Cicero’s brother, Quintus. 90s Cicero is educated at Rome in house of L. Licinius Crassus and later continues his studies with the augur Q. Mucius Scaevola. 91 – 88 Cicero and Pompey both serve under The Social War, in which Rome’s Sulla, Pompey as a successful Italian allies fight against Rome’s general. predominance and win citizenship. 88 – 84 Occupation of Rome first by Sulla (88) and then by Marius and Cinna (87 – 6). Marius dies in 86, Cinna continues to control affairs until his death in 84. ?86 Cicero writes a rhetorical treatise, de Inventione. 82 Sulla marches on Rome and is made dictator. Proscriptions follow (in 81). He retires from office in 79 and dies in 78. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 81 Cicero’s first civil case, pro Quinctio Sulla’s reforms curtailing powers of (which he probably loses). tribunate, increasing size of senate and constituting seven senatorial courts. 80 Cicero’s first criminal case, pro Roscio Amerino (which he wins). 79 – 77 Cicero marries Terentia and travels abroad, including to Athens for six months to study rhetoric under Apollonius Molo. -
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina
The Evolution of the Roman Calendar Dwayne Meisner, University of Regina Abstract The Roman calendar was first developed as a lunar | 290 calendar, so it was difficult for the Romans to reconcile this with the natural solar year. In 45 BC, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, creating a solar year of 365 days with leap years every four years. This article explains the process by which the Roman calendar evolved and argues that the reason February has 28 days is that Caesar did not want to interfere with religious festivals that occurred in February. Beginning as a lunar calendar, the Romans developed a lunisolar system that tried to reconcile lunar months with the solar year, with the unfortunate result that the calendar was often inaccurate by up to four months. Caesar fixed this by changing the lengths of most months, but made no change to February because of the tradition of intercalation, which the article explains, and because of festivals that were celebrated in February that were connected to the Roman New Year, which had originally been on March 1. Introduction The reason why February has 28 days in the modern calendar is that Caesar did not want to interfere with festivals that honored the dead, some of which were Past Imperfect 15 (2009) | © | ISSN 1711-053X | eISSN 1718-4487 connected to the position of the Roman New Year. In the earliest calendars of the Roman Republic, the year began on March 1, because the consuls, after whom the year was named, began their years in office on the Ides of March. -
The Cultural Creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula. Erin Leigh Wotring University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Wotring, Erin Leigh, "The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2691. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2691 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Erin Leigh Wotring All rights reserved THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Approved on April 14, 2017 by the following Thesis Committee: Dr. Jennifer Westerfeld, Director Dr. Blake Beattie Dr. Carmen Hardin ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. -
Priestly Courses 23 BC
Priestly Courses for the years A.D. 70-B.C. 23 Tending to Prove the December 25th Birth of Our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ Revised 2019 © 2010, 2013, 2019 Kurt Simmons www.dec25th.info Charts may be freely reproduced for noncommercial purposes, with credit to the author The following charts recreate the weeks of the Hebrew calendar and priestly courses for the years B.C. 23- A.D. 70. known to be in error or conflict with the testimony of history. Specifically, Jewish tradition dating 80 years from the The Hebrew calendar was reformed in the fourth century by Hillel II and contains elements not present in Jesus’ day. event tells us that the 9th of Ab the week the temple was destroyed the second time fell on a Sunday. However, Hillel Hillel’s reforms include various postponements of Rosh Hashanah (Tishri 1, the Jewish New Year) to prevent it falling II’s calendar causes this day to fall on a Saturday, one day off. Scripture tells us Jesus died on Good Friday, Nisan 15, adjacent to the Sabbath, and the seventh day of Tabernacles from falling on the Sabbath, in both cases to prevent two A.D. 33, but Hillel II’s calendar places Nisan 15 on a Saturday. In these instances, we have corrected the present charts consecutive days of fasting by forced cessation of labor. To accomplish this, the length of the year is adjusted between to conform with scripture and the testimony of history. However, as Hillel II’s calendar typically varies by only one or 353, 354, and 355 in regular years, and 383, 384, and 385 in leap years. -
A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970
A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23 -
The Late Republic in 5 Timelines (Teacher Guide and Notes)
1 180 BC: lex Villia Annalis – a law regulating the minimum ages at which a individual could how political office at each stage of the cursus honorum (career path). This was a step to regularising a political career and enforcing limits. 146 BC: The fall of Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Greece effectively brought an end to Rome’s large overseas campaigns for control of the Mediterranean. This is the point that the historian Sallust sees as the beginning of the decline of the Republic, as Rome had no rivals to compete with and so turn inwards, corrupted by greed. 139 BC: lex Gabinia tabelleria– the first of several laws introduced by tribunes to ensure secret ballots for for voting within the assembliess (this one applied to elections of magistrates). 133 BC – the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who along with his younger brother, is seen as either a social reformer or a demagogue. He introduced an agrarian land that aimed to distribute Roman public land to the poorer elements within Roman society (although this act quite likely increased tensions between the Italian allies and Rome, because it was land on which the Italians lived that was be redistributed). He was killed in 132 BC by a band of senators led by the pontifex maximus (chief priest), because they saw have as a political threat, who was allegedly aiming at kingship. 2 123-121 BC – the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus was tribune in 123 and 122 BC, passing a number of laws, which apparent to have aimed to address a number of socio-economic issues and inequalities. -
The Calendars of India
The Calendars of India By Vinod K. Mishra, Ph.D. 1 Preface. 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Basic Astronomy behind the Calendars 8 2.1 Different Kinds of Days 8 2.2 Different Kinds of Months 9 2.2.1 Synodic Month 9 2.2.2 Sidereal Month 11 2.2.3 Anomalistic Month 12 2.2.4 Draconic Month 13 2.2.5 Tropical Month 15 2.2.6 Other Lunar Periodicities 15 2.3 Different Kinds of Years 16 2.3.1 Lunar Year 17 2.3.2 Tropical Year 18 2.3.3 Siderial Year 19 2.3.4 Anomalistic Year 19 2.4 Precession of Equinoxes 19 2.5 Nutation 21 2.6 Planetary Motions 22 3. Types of Calendars 22 3.1 Lunar Calendar: Structure 23 3.2 Lunar Calendar: Example 24 3.3 Solar Calendar: Structure 26 3.4 Solar Calendar: Examples 27 3.4.1 Julian Calendar 27 3.4.2 Gregorian Calendar 28 3.4.3 Pre-Islamic Egyptian Calendar 30 3.4.4 Iranian Calendar 31 3.5 Lunisolar calendars: Structure 32 3.5.1 Method of Cycles 32 3.5.2 Improvements over Metonic Cycle 34 3.5.3 A Mathematical Model for Intercalation 34 3.5.3 Intercalation in India 35 3.6 Lunisolar Calendars: Examples 36 3.6.1 Chinese Lunisolar Year 36 3.6.2 Pre-Christian Greek Lunisolar Year 37 3.6.3 Jewish Lunisolar Year 38 3.7 Non-Astronomical Calendars 38 4. Indian Calendars 42 4.1 Traditional (Siderial Solar) 42 4.2 National Reformed (Tropical Solar) 49 4.3 The Nānakshāhī Calendar (Tropical Solar) 51 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year 52 4.5 Traditional Lunisolar Year (vaisnava) 58 5. -
Life in Ancient Egypt
Life in Ancient Egypt CV ANGLÈS 1r ESO IES JULIO ANTONIO Loreto Meix Boira KEY SYMBOLS Pair work Write Wh-questions Reading Tick Ancient Egypt CLIL Contents 1. The pharaoh 3 2. Tutankhamen 8 3. Cleopatra: the last Pharaoh 13 4. The River Nile 17 5. Economy 22 6. Food 23 7. Society 29 8. Clothes and make up 32 9. Death and mummification 36 10. Tombs and pyramids 44 11. Temples and beliefs 48 12. The Rosetta Stone 52 Final Activities 58 Glossary 61 Key 62 Bibliography 63 Timeline 64 Loreto Meix Social Science 2 Ancient Egypt CLIL 1 The Pharaoh Look at the Egypt map and at Tutankhamen’s tomb plan. a) Answer the questions below with the writing frame. 2. Tutankhamen’s tomb plant. Questions a) Where is Egypt? b) Where is the river Nile? c) How many doors are there in Tutankhamen’s tomb? d) Where is the treasury? 1. Egypt map. e) What is the burial chamber? d) What is the antechamber? Word bank Pharaoh four North Nile room last Egypt is in the _________ of Africa. River _________is in Egypt. There are______________ doors in Tutankhamen’s tomb. The treasure chamber is in the _______room. The burial chamber is in the room where the ___________ was buried. The antechamber is the ____________before the treasury chamber. Loreto Meix Social Science 3 Ancient Egypt CLIL A discovery In 1922 a British archaeologist, Howard Carter, was working in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. One day he asked his workers to pull down a small hut. Carter noticed some steps under the hut and asked his men to clear them. -
CALENDARS by David Le Conte
CALENDARS by David Le Conte This article was published in two parts, in Sagittarius (the newsletter of La Société Guernesiaise Astronomy Section), in July/August and September/October 1997. It was based on a talk given by the author to the Astronomy Section on 20 May 1997. It has been slightly updated to the date of this transcript, December 2007. Part 1 What date is it? That depends on the calendar used:- Gregorian calendar: 1997 May 20 Julian calendar: 1997 May 7 Jewish calendar: 5757 Iyyar 13 Islamic Calendar: 1418 Muharaim 13 Persian Calendar: 1376 Ordibehesht 30 Chinese Calendar: Shengxiao (Ox) Xin-You 14 French Rev Calendar: 205, Décade I Mayan Calendar: Long count 12.19.4.3.4 tzolkin = 2 Kan; haab = 2 Zip Ethiopic Calendar: 1990 Genbot 13 Coptic Calendar: 1713 Bashans 12 Julian Day: 2450589 Modified Julian Date: 50589 Day number: 140 Julian Day at 8.00 pm BST: 2450589.292 First, let us note the difference between calendars and time-keeping. The calendar deals with intervals of at least one day, while time-keeping deals with intervals less than a day. Calendars are based on astronomical movements, but they are primarily for social rather than scientific purposes. They are intended to satisfy the needs of society, for example in matters such as: agriculture, hunting. migration, religious and civil events. However, it has also been said that they do provide a link between man and the cosmos. There are about 40 calendars now in use. and there are many historical ones. In this article we will consider six principal calendars still in use, relating them to their historical background and astronomical foundation.