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Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Eleocharis Konkanensis an Endemic Sedge of Maharashtra (India)

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Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Eleocharis Konkanensis an Endemic Sedge of Maharashtra (India) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(5): 2243-2258 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 05 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.261 A New Record: Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Eleocharis konkanensis an Endemic Sedge of Maharashtra (India) Vishal R. Kamble1*, Sonali S. Lanjekar1,2, Yadvendradatta R. Yadav1, Meghana M. Kolekar1 and Arun N. Chandore2 1Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bhavan’s College Andheri (West), Mumbai (MS) 400058 India 2Department of Botany, Abasaheb Marathe Arts and New Commerce, Science College, Rajapur- 416 702, District- Ratnagiri, MS, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Family Cyperaceae, members are commonly known as sedges. This family has ambiguity about mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal nature. So far, many sedges have been investigated K e yw or ds globally for mycorrhizal occurrence interest. However, a sedge genus, Eleocharis has been not paid more attention for mycorrhizal investigations. Present work is the first Acaulosporaceae, attempt to evaluate mycorrhizal status in a recently discovered endemic sedge species: Arbuscular Eleocharis konkanensis Chandore, Borude, Kambale & S.R. Yadav which grows in a Mycorrhizal Fungi Lateritic rocky plateaus habitat. This study makes a new report on mycorrhization in an (AMF), Cyperaceae, endemic sedge: E. konkanensis The roots of E. konkanensis from lateritic platue are Eleocharis microscopically examined for colonization of AMF. The study revealed that the roots of konkanensis, all the plants were colonized in the range of 21 - 98% by AM fungal components. Overall Endemic plant, colonization percentage (OCp) in E. konkanensis is 56.55. Analysis of mychorrhizal roots Lateritic rocky suggests there is great variation found in occurrence intensity (OI) expression for vesicles plateaus p (MCp50± 1.15), arbuscles (MCp21.43± 0.65 ), and hyphae (MCp 98.21± 1.70). Besides, Article Info extraradical and intraradical spores of AMF have been recorded to roots. During present work, 12 AMF species belonging to four Glomeromycota families are recorded in Accepted: association with E. konkanensis. These AMF species are viz., Aculospora dilatata, A. 18 April 2018 Available Online: scrobiculata, A. spinosa., A. sporocarpa, Acaulospora spp, A. tuberculata; Diversispora 10 May 2018 epigaea; Scutellospora arenicola, Glomus albidum, G. ambisporum, G macrocarpum and Septoglomus constrictum. Thus, E. konkanensis is the first representative of genus Eleocharis ever studied by any Indian mycologist with reference to root colonization followed by spore's identification of AMF at species level. Till the present work, no data was available on AMF species of genus Eleocharis. Hence, E. konkanensis is proposed here as the first representative of genus Eleocharis ever studied by any mycologist. Based on the relative abundance and spore density the native AMF species of endemic E. konkanensis are viz., Diversispora epigaea, Aculospora dilatata and Aculospora scrobiculata. Finally, on the basis of in-depth analysis we propose that Eleocharis konkanensis an endemic sedge of Maharashtra is a new mycorrhizal plant to the science. 2243 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(5): 2243-2258 Introduction root fungi (Smith and Read, 2008) and they plays significant role in ecosystem The members of the Cyperaceae are functioning. commonly known as sedges. The genus Eleocharis Brown is distributed worldwide. The AMF diversity data relies primarily in According recent checklist of Cyperaceae studies performed in natural ecosystems. (Govaerts et al., (2016), Eleocharis comprises Nevertheless, little is known about AMF about 300 species at global data. As far as diversity in extreme human-impacted concern with present context, till date 26 ecosystems such as Lateritic rocky plateaus species of Eleocharis are known to India. It associated ephemerals. includes E. setifolia (A. Rich) Raynal which is recorded for India by Wadoodkhan (2015); Review of documents on AMF of Eleocharis three new species recently described for species for last seven decades (Dowding, 1959 Indian states are viz., E. khandwaensis to de la Providencia et al., (2015) including Mujaffar, Chandore and S.R. Yadav from contribution of Muthukumar (2004) and Madhya Pradesh (Mujaffar et al., 2014), E. Hossler (2010) showed that (Table 1), genus konkanensis Chandore, Borude, Kambale and Eleocharis comprises three categories of plant S.R. Yadav (Chandore et al., 2016) and E. species such as mycorrhizal, non-mycorrhizal neglecta Borude, Chandore, Gholave and S.R. and mycorrhizal as well as non-mycorrhizal. Yadav (Borude et al., 2016) from Eleven species of Eleocharis were reported as Maharashtra. mycorrhizal viz., E. acutangula, E. atropurpurea, E. dulcis, E. geniculata, E. Geographically, Eleocharis konkanensis obtusa, E. ovata, E. palustris, E. pusilla, E. distributed endemically at 200–300 ft from quinqueflora, Eleocharis sp., and Eleocharis MSL on Low level Ferricrete (LLF)- Lateritic spp. Whereas, non-mycorrhizal Eleocharis rocky plateaus of Konkan region specifically species were viz., E. aff. pachycarpa, E. at Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri district of congesta, E. elliptica, E. erythropoda, E. Maharashtra in India. geniculata, E. quinqueflora, E. scheuchezeri, Eleocharis sp., E. tenius, E. triste, and E. Several species of Eleocharis are investigated vaginatum (Table 1). From this survey it is for their allelopathic effects on other aquatic evident that, two species viz., E. geniculata and wetland plants (Wooten and Elakovich and E. quinqueflora were recorded as dual 1991; Pedersen, 2002). performers i e mycorrhizal as well as non- mycorrizal. Thus out of twenty Eleocharis Although it is assumed that, Cyperaceae species about 50% are known to be distinctly members are lacked with mycorrhizal mycorrhizal and rest is non-mycorrhizal. association or it is very rare (Hirsch and Kapulnik 1998); however, several reports have All the 20 species so far investigated were produced supportive records for associated with wetland ecosystem at global mycorrhization is predominantly of AMF type scenario. Present work is the first attempt to in sedges (see Harley and Harley 1987a; evaluate mycorrhizal status in a recently Tester et al., 1987). However a sedge genus discovered E. konkanensis grown in Lateritic Eleocharis has been not paid more attention rocky plateaus habitat. This study makes a for mycorrhizal investigations. Because, new report on mycorrhization in an endemic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a sedge E. konkanensis. ubiquitous soil-inhabiting obligate biotrophic 2244 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(5): 2243-2258 Materials and Methods Physicochemical parameters of soil: Site description and sample collection Physicochemical parameters were tested for soil: i) texture, moisture (Jackson, 1967); ii) Sampling was performed at LLF-Lateritic pH (van Reeuwijk, 2002); iii) organic carbon rocky plateaus of Hativale, Abasaheb Marathe (Walkley and Black, 1938); iv) carbonate College Campus, Vikhare Gothane, (16.65720 (Piper, 1966) and available phosphorus (Olsen North and 73.52110 East) 12 km from Rajapur et al., 1954). which falls under Ratnagiri district. E. konkanensis samples were collected during Status of AM fungal colonization in roots July 2016 (SSL and MMK) and identification was validated by ANC. The dry preservation It was determined by assessing roots for is deposited at Botany department herbarium, percentage of colonization and occurrence BCA (Figure 1A). intensity of three mycorrhizal components as given below: E. konkanensis is a small, perennial ephemeral herb, grows along the edges of natural ponds, Percentage colonization on roadside and on the open places of lateritic plateaus having considerably less soil layer. The randomly selected and stained 100 root As, it grows in association with other segments of of E. konkanensis were observed ephimerals such as: Cyperus pulchellus and under a light microscope and subjected to Eleocharis atropurpurea, Habenaria intercept method (Brundrett, et al., 1996), grandifloriformis, Utricularia reticulata and AMF colonization percentage,(Phillips and Trithuria konkanensis. Therefore roots Hayman 1970). The overall colonization excavation of E. konkanensis and its soil percentage (OCp) by AMF was calculated on collection was done randomly from about 25- the basis of observed values for mean 30 such a plants where associating ephimerals colonization percentage (MCp) of three were less crowded. This precaution was taken component i) vesicles (V), ii) arbuscules (A) to avoid unwanted collection of AMF biota of and iii) hyphae (H). The occurrence of other unwanted vegetation and thereby to prevent fungal endophytes (Ofe), such as dark septate misleading results on AMF spores. Altogether, endophytes (DSE) was also screened. around 250g soil was randomly collected for microscopically. AMF spore extraction procedure and to determine the soil properties. Occurrence intensity The plants along with the soil samples and All the three components of AMF were roots were collected in different collection interpreted for occurrence intensity under bags and transported from field to laboratory categories such as, poor (1-25%), moderate which immediately refrigerated at 4°C (25-50%), good (50-75%) and excellent subsequent to arrival. The roots were (>75%) which was denoted as ‗p, m, g and e’ processed immediately. All
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