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Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte Centro De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS RIQUEZA DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM REMANESCENTE DE MATA ATLÂNTICA DE TABULEIRO COSTEIRO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE Aluna: Xochitl Margarito Vista Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bruno Tomio Goto Linha de pesquisa: Diversidade Biológica NATAL - RN 2016 XOCHITL MARGARITO VISTA RIQUEZA DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM REMANESCENTE DE MATA ATLÂNTICA DE TABULEIRO COSTEIRO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do título do mestre, pelo curso de Pós- graduacão em Ciências Biológicas, do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Área de concentração: Biodiversidade Orientador: Profr. Dr. Bruno Tomio Goto NATAL/RN 2016 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Sistema de Bibliotecas - SISBI Catalogação de Publicação na Fonte. UFRN - Biblioteca Setorial Prof. Leopoldo Nelson - •Centro de Biociências – CB Vista, Xochitl Margarito. Riqueza de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em remanescente de Mata Atlântica de tabuleiro costeiro do Rio Grande do Norte / Xochitl Margarito Vista. - Natal, RN, 2016. 84 f.: il. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Bruno Tomio Goto. 1. Conservação - Dissertação. 2. Diversidade - Dissertação. 3. Micorríza - Dissertação. 4. Santuário Ecológico de Pipa - Dissertação. 5. Taxonomia - Dissertação. I. Goto, Bruno Tomio. II. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 502.1Elaborado por KATIA REJANE DA SILVA - CRB-15/351 XOCHITL MARGARITO VISTA RIQUEZA DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM REMANESCENTE DE MATA ATLÂNTICA DE TABULEIRO COSTEIRO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do título do mestre, pelo curso de Pós- graduacão em Ciências Biológicas, do Centro de Biociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Área de concentração: Biodiversidade Aprovada em 17/08/2016 BANCA EXAMINADORA: _____________________________________________ Dr. Bruno Tomio Goto Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Orientador) _____________________________________________ Dra. Vilma Maria dos Santos Universidade Federal do Piauí _____________________________________________ Dr. Iuri Goulart Baseia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte AGRADECIMENTO Agradeço, Ao professor Dr. Bruno Goto, orientador, você me deu uma oportunidade quando eu mais precisei, acreditou em mim e nas minhas capacidades, e por tudo isso lhe agradeço. Por compartilhar seus conhecimentos comigo e meus colegas do laboratório, por tudo que me ensinou, pela paciência e humildade que demonstrou no início e por nunca ter desistido de mim. Pela dedicação, pelo desempenho, pelo profissionalismo e confiança. E tenha certeza de que tudo o que aprendemos, vamos levar por toda a nossa vida. Você é uma inspiração e um grande exemplo de vida e para sempre terá minha gratidão. Ao professor Dr. Iuri Goulart, pela oportunidade de aprender sobre outros grupos de fungos, também pelas palavras de motivação que sempre me deu e fez incentivar-me, e agradeço a amizade o carinho e compreensão. Ao professor Dr. Umberto Laino Fulco, coordenador do programa em ciências Biológicas, por sempre estar ao pendente de mim no programa, também pela aprendizagem de suas aulas, pela confiança e o incentivo. A Louise da Mata, secretária do PPCB, pela paciência e disponibilidade de ajudar a todos os alunos do programa. Aos professores, Dra. Vanessa, Dra. Cristina, Dr. Fulvio, Dr. Bruno Bellini, Dr. Renato. Pelas contribuições realizadas durante a disciplina e pela oportunidade de aprendizados. Aos professores de português como língua estrangeira, Dr. Daniel Santos, Manoela Salles. Por ter sempre a gentileza de me ajudar nas disciplinas e pelo apoio e atenção dispensados. E principalmente a David Hassett, Coordenador do Santuário Ecológico de Pipa (SEP), por permitirem e apoiar na realização desta pesquisa. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Biologia de Micorrizas e o Laboratório de Biologia de Fungos: Marcus, Khadija, Juliana, Jessica, Mariana, Emerson, Sthephania, Ruy, Kássia, Aretha, Alder, Amanda, Bianca, Donis, Freitas, Rubson, Luana, Julieth, Ana Clarissa, Nathalia, Miguel, Thiago, Jeferson. Por me permitir formar parte de sua equipe de pesquisa, e apoio durante a realização das coletas e pela amizade. Aos amigos que conheci durante a jornada acadêmica, Thiago, Felipe, Michelle, Tanyria, Marcel, Cristiane e Felipe Marinho pelo coleguismo e oportunidade de saberes em nossas diferentes áreas e linhas de pesquisa e por sempre ter essa disponibilidade em ajudar-me. Aos amigos que conheci no Brasil, Martha, Alcidia, Dilaila, Ana, Naudiane, Débora, Esteban, Cícero, Flodobaldo, Cristina, Ana nemocón, Erika Priscila, Erika nascimento, Gilvan, Paulo, André, pela hospitalidade de me acolher e ajudar em todo momento, pelo carinho e amizade. A minha amiga Rosario Orozco e seus filhos, pela confiança, amizade e carinho e sempre tem a disposição em ajudar. Aos meus pais, Mariana e Antonio, por acreditarem em mim e me ajudarem, pelo amor incondicional, apoio constante e paciência por tantas ausências e ainda assim estão sempre a meu lado em todas as circunstancias. Aos meus irmãos Yolotl, Gladys, Nereyda, Yael, Giovanni, Mario, pelo amor, carinho e apoio e pelas palavras de motivação. Também a meus sobrinhos Diego e Yamilet. Aos membros de diferentes instituições, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), ao Grupo Coímbra, ao TecNM e a Embaixada do México no Brasil. Pelo suporte financeiro para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. Enfim, a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho e a finalização de mais essa etapa, muito obrigada. RESUMO Os Tabuleiros Costeiros constituem uma unidade geoambiental distribuída por todo o litoral brasileiro, cuja principal formação vegetal é a Mata Atlântica. Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares (FMA) são simbiontes obrigatórios de plantas, os quais representam um importante componente da microbiota do solo em ecossistemas naturais e agrícolas. Estudo de diversidade em ambientes costeiros são relevantes, apresentando peculiaridades bióticas e abióticas. Além disso, são limitados os inventários de FMA em sistemas costeiros conduzidos em território brasileiro. São necessárias áreas protegidas, para assegurar a conservação de habitats onde os FMA ocorrem naturalmente e evoluíram, representando um lugar apropriado para a conservação in situ. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de um complexo de tabuleiros costeiro do dominio Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, a fim de ampliar o conhecimento sobre a composição e distribuição deste grupo de organismos. Para isso, foram estudadas nove amostras de solo para identificação taxonômica, três amostras pertecem ao período chuvoso e seis de estiagem. Foram encontradas 47 espécies de FMA (30 no período chuvoso e 26 na estiagem), distribuídas em nove famílias: Acaulosporaceae (9 spp.), Ambisporaceae (3 spp.), Dentiscutataceae (4 spp.), Diversisporaceae (4 spp.), Entrophosporaceae (4 spp.), Gigasporaceae (3 spp.), Glomeraceae (15 spp.), Racocetraceae (2 sp.), Scutellosporaceae (3 spp.) e 17 gêneros. Das 138 espécies, registrados no bioma Mata Atlântica, 35%, correspondem aos FMAs em tabuleiros costeiros de remanescentes de Mata Atlântica estudado. O que representa 16% de espécies conhecidas para o filo. Para o Brasil representa 30% das espécies. Para Nordeste, representa 38%. Para o RN havia apenas 41 espécies registradas, porém este número foi ampliado para 55 com os dados obtidos neste presente trabalho. Além disso, a área apresenta 37% das espécies reportadas em áreas protegidas globalmente. No entanto, a composição de espécies mudou entre os períodos, com maior número de espécies no período chuvoso. Além disso, a riqueza de espécie foi mais representativa no período chuvoso do que no de estiagem, mesmo que a força amostral tenha sido menor no período chuvoso. Os gêneros Acaulospora e Glomus foram as mais representativos, além disso foi acrecido o registro de Glomus spinuliferum Sieverd. & Oehl, para o Brasil e para o bioma Mata Atlântica. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o potencial em diversidade de FMA presentes em áreas de tabuleiros costeiros em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica. Palavras-chave: conservação, diversidade, micorríza, santuário ecológico de pipa, taxonomia ABSTRACT The Coastal tablelands constitute a geoenvironmental unit distributed throughout the Brazilian coast, whose main vegetation is the Atlantic Forest. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are obligatory symbionts of plants, which represent an important component of the soil microbiota in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Study of diversity in coastal environments are relevant, presenting biotic and abiotic peculiarities. In addition, inventories of AMF in coastal systems conducted in Brazil are limited. Protected areas are needed to ensure the conservation of habitats where the AMF occur naturally and have evolved, representing an appropriate place for in situ conservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of a coastal tablelands complex of the Atlantic Forest domain of Rio Grande do Norte, in order to increase knowledge about the composition and distribution of this group of organisms. For this, nine soil samples were studied for taxonomic identification, three samples of the rainy period and six of dry. We found 47 species of
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