The Pennsylvania State University the Graduate School
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Education FARMERS, SCIENTISTS, AND OFFICERS OF INDUSTRY: THE FORMATION AND REFORMATION OF LAND-GRANT COLLEGES IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, 1862-1906 A Dissertation in Higher Education by Nathan M. Sorber © 2011 Nathan M. Sorber Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 This dissertation of Nathan M. Sorber was reviewed and approved* by the following: Roger L. Geiger Distinguished Professor of Higher Education Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee In Charge of Graduate Programs in Higher Education Lisa R. Lattuca Professor of Higher Education Roger L. Williams Affiliate Professor of Higher Education William A. Blair Professor of History * Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii Abstract This dissertation examines the formation, reformation, and standardization of land-grant colleges in the Northeastern United States during the last four decades of the nineteenth century. It is a history that explores the turbulent origins of land-grant colleges in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. A coalition of gentlemen farmers from state agricultural societies, scientists trained in German universities, and economically-minded statesman led the region‘s land-grant movement in the 1860s and 1870s. Men like Daniel Coit Gilman, Evan Pugh, Samuel Johnson, Andrew Dickson White, and Justin Morrill were intent on building institutions that could nurture scientific study and advance agricultural, industrial, and national development. These educational reformers wanted colleges with advanced curricula and stiff admissions standards, which would graduate leaders for a new economy in science, engineering, and business.
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