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Land at Todenham Road Moreton-In-Marsh Gloucestershire Land at Todenham Road Moreton-in-Marsh Gloucestershire Excavation Report for Cala Homes (Midlands) Ltd CA Project: 9235 CA Report: 17100 July 2017 Land at Todenham Road Moreton-in-Marsh Gloucestershire Excavation Report CA Project: 9235 CA Report: 17100 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 5 June Jonathan Daniel Internal Technical Martin 2017 Hart Stansbie review revisions Watts This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire: Excavation Report CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 4 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 5 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 6 4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 7 5. RESULTS (FIGS 3–7) ........................................................................................ 8 Period 1: Middle Bronze Age (1600–1200 BC) ................................................... 8 Period 2: Mid to Late Roman (2nd–4th centuries AD) ......................................... 11 Period 3: early medieval (6th–7th centuries AD) ................................................. 12 Period 4: post-medieval to modern (18th century AD and later).......................... 12 6. THE FINDS ........................................................................................................ 13 7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .......................................................................... 13 8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 14 Middle Bronze Age ............................................................................................. 14 Mid to Late Roman ............................................................................................. 15 Early medieval, post-medieval and modern ........................................................ 16 9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 16 10. STORAGE AND CURATION .............................................................................. 17 11. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 19 APPENDIX B: POTTERY ............................................................................................... 22 APPENDIX C: WORKED FLINT ..................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX D: FIRED CLAY ........................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX E: BONE ...................................................................................................... 23 APPENDIX F: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ........................................ 24 APPENDIX G: THE RADIOCARBON DATING .............................................................. 27 APPENDIX H: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 28 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire: Excavation Report LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000). Fig. 2 Location of groundworks (1:4000). Fig. 3 Detail plan of Area 2 (1:600). Fig. 4 Detail plan of Roundhouses (1:250). Fig. 5 Section drawings (1:20). Fig. 6 Photograph: the site in its landscape setting, looking west towards Blenheim Farm. Fig. 7 Photograph: Roundhouse A under excavation, looking east. Fig. 8 Photograph: Roundhouse B, looking west. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire: Excavation Report SUMMARY Project Name: Land at Todenham Road Location: Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire NGR: 421090 232870 Type: Excavation Date: 13–27 April, 5–13 October and 10–20 November 2015 Planning Reference: 14/00948/OUT Location of Archive: To be deposited with Corinium Museum, Cirencester Site Code: LTR 15 An archaeological excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in phases between April and November 2015 at Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, prior to residential development. The excavations, undertaken in two areas totalling c. 1.8ha, revealed the remains of a Middle Bronze Age settlement comprising a roundhouse, post-built structures, pits, and postholes dated by radiocarbon assay to the second half of the 2nd millennium BC. Material remains from the settlement consisted of a small assemblage of burnt bone, pottery and charred cereals. The settlement was apparently unenclosed, in contrast to the enclosed Middle Bronze Age settlement at Blenheim Farm, 375m to the west. Possible funerary and ritual remains found 500m to the south-east at the Fire Service College seem, on the basis of radiocarbon dating, to have been slightly earlier than the settlements at Todenham Road and Blenheim Farm, but it is possible that the remains at all three sites were broadly contemporary. Roman remains at Todenham Road comprised field boundaries and a pit, possibly forming a continuation of the probable pastoral Roman landscape observed at Blenheim Farm. A single early medieval date obtained from a probably intrusive charcoal fragment has provided rare evidence for activity of this date at Moreton-in-Marsh, albeit of an unidentified nature, whilst later remains comprised field boundaries, reflecting the fact that the site lay within Moreton’s agricultural hinterland. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire: Excavation Report 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Between April and November 2015, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological investigation at the request of Cala Homes (Midlands) Ltd, on Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: 421090 232870; Fig. 1). 1.2 Planning permission (Planning ref: 14/00948/OUT) for housing and associated infrastructure was granted by Cotswold District Council (CDC) conditional (Condition 55) on a programme of archaeological work. The condition was recommended by Charles Parry, Archaeologist, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), archaeological advisor to CDC. 1.3 The excavation was undertaken in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2015) and approved by CDC. The fieldwork also followed Standard and Guidance: Archaeological Excavation issued by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (2014); the Statement of Standards and Practices Appropriate for Archaeological Fieldwork in Gloucestershire issued by GCC (1996); and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide and accompanying PPN3: Archaeological Excavation issued by Historic England (2015). It was monitored by Charles Parry. The site 1.4 The site is located on the northern edge of the small Cotswolds town of Moreton-in- Marsh. It is approximately 11ha in extent and prior to the development comprised arable fields (Fig. 2). It is bordered to the south and west by residential developments, to the north by Todenham Road and to the east by the Fire Service College, the latter located on a former airfield. The site lies at approximately 130m AOD with the ground level rising slightly to the south. 1.5 The underlying geology is mapped as Charmouth Mudstone of the Jurassic Period overlain by Quaternary Period sand, silt and clay to the north and Quaternary Period sand and gravels to the south (BGS 2015). The geological substrate exposed during the excavation comprised red-brown pebbly clay with patches of gravel. 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Todenham Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire: Excavation Report 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 The archaeological potential of the site was detailed within a desk-based assessment (DBA; CA 2009). This concluded that no known heritage assets lay within the site itself, but that known remains have been recorded in the vicinity, most notably during excavations in 2003 at Blenheim Farm to the immediate west (Hart and Alexander 2007). Since the production of the DBA further remains have been found to the immediate east during work at the Fire Service College in 2011 and 2014 (Hart and Weavill, forthcoming). The findings from Blenheim Farm and the Fire Service College are summarised below and placed within their wider archaeological context. 2.2 The excavation at Blenheim Farm produced a Middle Palaeolithic handaxe and a few Mesolithic flints, all of which were residual or unstratified (Hart and Alexander 2007). A second Palaeolithic handaxe was recovered from the Fire Service College (Hart and Weavill, forthcoming). These were probably dropped by hunter-gatherers ranging the shores of the former Lake Harrison, a vast lake which lay to the south of the ice
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