Electrical Steel Sheets Jfe G-Core, Jfe N-Core

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Electrical Steel Sheets Jfe G-Core, Jfe N-Core JFEカタログ英語版用 表1-4データ 2020年1月 JFEテクノリサーチ(株)制作 Cat.No.F1E-001-08 ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS JFE G-CORE, JFE N-CORE http://www.jfe-steel.co.jp/en/ HEAD OFFICE Hibiya Kokusai Building, 2-3 Uchisaiwaicho 2-chome, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 100-0011, Japan Phone: (81)3-3597-3111 Fax: (81)3-3597-4860 ■ ASIA PACIFIC BRISBANE JFE Steel Australia Resources Pty Ltd. SEOUL BANGKOK Level28, 12 Creek Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 JFE Steel Korea Corporation JFE Steel (Thailand) Ltd. Australia 16th Floor, 41, Cheonggyecheon-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 22nd Floor, Abdulrahim Place 990, Rama IV Road, Phone: (61)7-3229-3855 Fax: (61)7-3229-4377 03188, Korea Silom, Bangrak, Bangkok 10500, Thailand (Youngpung Building, Seorin-dong) Phone: (66)2-636-1886 Fax: (66)2-636-1891 ■ EUROPE and MIDDLE EAST Phone: (82)2-399-6337 Fax: (82)2-399-6347 YANGON LONDON BEIJING JFE Steel (Thailand) Ltd., Yangon Office JFE Steel Europe Limited JFE Steel Corporation Beijing Unit 05-01, Union Business Center, Nat Mauk Road, 15th Floor, The Broadgate Tower, 20 Primrose Street, 1009 Beijing Fortune Building No.5, Dongsanhuan Bocho Quarter, Bahan Tsp, Yangon, 11201, Myanmar London EC2A 2EW, U.K. North Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100004, Phone: (95)1-860-3352 Phone: (44)20-7426-0166 Fax: (44)20-7247-0168 P.R.China Phone: (86)10-6590-9051 Fax: (86)10-6590-9056 SINGAPORE DUBAI JFE Steel Asia Pte. Ltd. JFE Steel Corporation, Dubai Office SHANGHAI 16 Raffles Quay, No.15-03, Hong Leong Building, P.O.Box 261791 LOB19-1208, Jebel Ali Free Zone JFE Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 048581, Singapore Dubai, U.A.E. Room 801, Building A, Far East International Plaza, Phone: (65)6220-1174 Fax: (65)6224-8357 Phone: (971)4-884-1833 Fax: (971)4-884-1472 319 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200051, P.R.China Phone: (86)21-6235-1345 Fax: (86)21-6235-1346 JAKARTA ■ NORTH, CENTRAL and SOUTH AMERICA PT. JFE STEEL INDONESIA GUANGZHOU 6th Floor Summitmas II, JL Jendral Sudirman Kav. NEW YORK JFE Consulting (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. 61-62, Jakarta 12190, Indonesia JFE Steel America, Inc. Room 3901 Citic Plaza, 233 Tian He North Road, Phone: (62)21-522-6405 Fax: (62)21-522-6408 600 Third Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10016, Guangzhou, 510613, P.R.China U.S.A. Phone: (86)20-3891-2467 Fax: (86)20-3891-2469 NEW DELHI Phone: (1)212-310-9320 Fax: (1)212-308-9292 JFE Steel India Private Limited MANILA 806, 8th Floor, Tower-B, Unitech Signature Towers, HOUSTON JFE Steel Corporation, Manila Office South City-I, NH-8, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India JFE Steel America, Inc., Houston Office 23rd Floor 6788 Ayala Avenue, Oledan Square, Phone: (91)124-426-4981 Fax: (91)124-426-4982 750 Town & Country Blvd., Suite 705 Houston, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines Texas 77024, U.S.A. Phone: (63)2-886-7432 Fax: (63)2-886-7315 MUMBAI Phone: (1)713-532-0052 Fax: (1)713-532-0062 JFE Steel India Private Limited, Mumbai Office HO CHI MINH CITY 603-604, A Wing, 215 Atrium Building, Andheri-Kurla MEXICO CITY JFE Steel Vietnam Co., Ltd. Road, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400093, Maharashtra, JFE Steel America, Inc., Mexico Office Unit 1704, 17th Floor, MPlaza, 39 Le Duan Street, India Ruben Dario #281-1002, Col. Bosque de Dist 1, HCMC, Vietnam Phone: (91)22-3076-2760 Fax: (91)22-3076-2764 Chapultepec, C.P. 11580, CDMX. D.F. Mexico Phone: (84)28-3825-8576 Fax: (84)28-3825-8562 Phone: (52)55-5985-0097 Fax: (52)55-5985-0099 CHENNAI HANOI JFE Steel India Private Limited, Chennai Office RIO DE JANEIRO JFE Steel Vietnam Co., Ltd., Hanoi Branch No.86, Ground Floor, Polyhose Towers(SPIC Annexe), JFE Steel do Brasil LTDA Unit 1501, 15th Floor, Cornerstone Building, 16 Phan Mount Road, Guindy, Chennai-600032, Tamil Nadu, Praia de Botafogo, 228 Setor B, Salas 508 & 509, Chu Trinh Street, Hoan Kiem Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam India Botafogo, CEP 22250-040, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil Phone: (84)24-3855-2266 Fax: (84)24-3533-1166 Phone: (91)44-2230-0285 Fax: (91)44-2230-0287 Phone: (55)21-2553-1132 Fax: (55)21-2553-3430 Notice While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within this publication, the use of the information is at the reader’s risk and no warranty is implied or expressed by JFE Steel Corporation with respect to the use of information contained herein. The information in this publication is subject to change or modification without notice. Please contact the JFE Steel office for the latest information. Copyright © JFE Steel Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Any reproduction, modification, translation, distribution, transmission, uploading of the contents of the document, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited. 2003R(1903) JTR Printed in Japan Foreword , JFE Steel s electrical steel sheets have a long tradition dating back to 1931 when we started the production of hot-rolled magnetic steel sheets. Ever since, we have maintained the world's top-level track record through continuous quality improvements and the development of innovative products. Certified for compliance with the ISO9001 and ISO14001 standards, JFE Steel produces high- quality, energy-saving and environmentally compatible electrical steel sheets for a wide range of customers. This catalog outlines the features and representative properties of Contents various electrical steel sheets manufactured by JFE Steel. For Foreword 1 detailed data and characteristic curves of each type of electrical steel Types and Applications 2 sheet, please read the relevant separate catalog. Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets 4 We at JFE Steel are committed to making continuous efforts so as to Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets 12 meet all requirements of our customers and ensure even greater Stress-Relief Annealing 21 customer satisfaction. We look forward to serving your current and Surface Insulation 22 future needs. Substances of Environmental Concern Data 24 Relations among Coil Weight, Outside Coil Diameter and Slit Width 25 Packaging 26 Conversion Factors 27 Comparison of specification 28 1 Foreword , JFE Steel s electrical steel sheets have a long tradition dating back to 1931 when we started the production of hot-rolled magnetic steel sheets. Ever since, we have maintained the world's top-level track record through continuous quality improvements and the development of innovative products. Certified for compliance with the ISO9001 and ISO14001 standards, JFE Steel produces high- quality, energy-saving and environmentally compatible electrical steel sheets for a wide range of customers. This catalog outlines the features and representative properties of Contents various electrical steel sheets manufactured by JFE Steel. For Foreword 1 detailed data and characteristic curves of each type of electrical steel Types and Applications 2 sheet, please read the relevant separate catalog. Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets 4 We at JFE Steel are committed to making continuous efforts so as to Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets 12 meet all requirements of our customers and ensure even greater Stress-Relief Annealing 21 customer satisfaction. We look forward to serving your current and Surface Insulation 22 future needs. Substances of Environmental Concern Data 24 Relations among Coil Weight, Outside Coil Diameter and Slit Width 25 Packaging 26 Conversion Factors 27 Comparison of specification 28 1 Types and Applications Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets JFE G-CORE JFE G-CORE is so manufactured as to possess a well-aligned crystal JFE N-CORE JFE N-CORE is so manufactured as to render magnetic properties almost orientation to the rolling direction. uniform in any direction of the coil. Used mainly for medium and large rotating Therefore, it has superior properties such as high permeability, low core loss machines, and small transformers, JFE N-CORE contributes to improving JG CORE and low magnetostriction. JN CORE machine efficiency. JGSD is a core material with fine magnetic domains subdivided by grooves JNE is a core material which can achieve low core loss and high permeability. JGH CORE formed by electrolytic etching and is ideal with its low iron loss both in wound JNE CORE THINNER GAUGE JNE is a core material which can achieve low core loss in JGHE CORE core and stacked core applications. THINNER GAUGE the high frequency range. JGHE and JGSE are non-heat resistant magnetic domain-refined material JNE CORE JNA is a core material which can achieve low core loss and high permeability JGS CORE suitable for stacked core applications. after stress relief annealing by customers. Used mainly for power transformers and distribution transformers as well as JNA CORE For applications such as electric household appliances, office equipment and JGSD CORE for large rotating machines, JG, JGH, JGHE, JGS, JGSD and JGSE CORE stabilizers, JN, JNE, THINNER GAUGE JNE and JNA CORE provide superior JGSE CORE contribute greatly to improving the efficiency of machines and to reducing their coatings, coupled with excellent thickness accuracy, to say nothing of superior weight. magnetic properties. Types Grain-Oriented Non-Oriented Applications JG JGH, JGHE, JGS, JN 210~400 JN 440~700 JN 800~1600 JNE 230~470 THINNER GAUGE JNE JNA 300~500 JGSD, JGSE Large Rotating Machines Medium Rotating Machines Hermetical Motors Rotating Machines General use A.C. Motors Small Motors and Intermittent Service A.C. Motors Electrical Vehicle Driving Motors Power Transformers Distribution Transformers Audio Transformers Current and Potential Transformers Static Machines Reactors and Magnetic Amplifiers Magnetic Switches Welding Transformers Ballast Note : JGH, JGS, JGSD, JGSE, JNE, and JNA are registered trademarks of JFE Steel Corporation in Japan. 2 3 Types and Applications Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Sheets JFE G-CORE JFE G-CORE is so manufactured as to possess a well-aligned crystal JFE N-CORE JFE N-CORE is so manufactured as to render magnetic properties almost orientation to the rolling direction.
Recommended publications
  • Units and Magnitudes (Lecture Notes)
    physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek Units and Magnitudes (lecture notes) This lecture has two parts. The first part is mainly a practical guide to the measurement units that dominate the particle physics literature, and culture. The second part is a quasi-philosophical discussion of deep issues around unit systems, including a comparison of atomic, particle ("strong") and Planck units. For a more extended, profound treatment of the second part issues, see arxiv.org/pdf/0708.4361v1.pdf . Because special relativity and quantum mechanics permeate modern particle physics, it is useful to employ units so that c = ħ = 1. In other words, we report velocities as multiples the speed of light c, and actions (or equivalently angular momenta) as multiples of the rationalized Planck's constant ħ, which is the original Planck constant h divided by 2π. 27 August 2013 physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek In classical physics one usually keeps separate units for mass, length and time. I invite you to think about why! (I'll give you my take on it later.) To bring out the "dimensional" features of particle physics units without excess baggage, it is helpful to keep track of powers of mass M, length L, and time T without regard to magnitudes, in the form When these are both set equal to 1, the M, L, T system collapses to just one independent dimension. So we can - and usually do - consider everything as having the units of some power of mass. Thus for energy we have while for momentum 27 August 2013 physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek and for length so that energy and momentum have the units of mass, while length has the units of inverse mass.
    [Show full text]
  • Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Powercore®
    Electrical Steel Grain oriented electrical steel powercore® Product range powercore® is the Content 06 Innovation and cooperation core material for the future 08 Energy: Our expertise 10 Grain oriented electrical steel Grain oriented electrical steel is a highly sophisticated Magnetic properties high-tech core material. It is used in transformers to 14 increase or reduce electrical voltages and currents. That is the only way that electricity can be transported over long distances with as little loss as possible. 16 Insulation types Premium powercore® electrical steel grades significantly reduce noise emissions in transformers, a distinct advan- tage in the light of growing urbanization and industrializa- tion. powercore® electrical steel is so energy-efficient that 18 Characteristics it is now possible to build considerably smaller transfor- mers with the same power output. As energy demand grows continuously, powercore® grain 20 Further processing information oriented electrical steel significantly contribute to protect- ing the environment around the world and to conserving energy resources. General note: All statements as to the properties or utilization of materials and products are for the purposes of description only. Guarantees in respect of the existence of certain properties or utilization of materials are only valid if agreed upon in writing. 06 Innovation and cooperation 07 Mindful of our responsibility at all times. Innovation & We are committed to environmental com- patibility and sustainability in everything we do. From the systematic reuse of water in our production and the use of process gases for our own heating and electrical cooperation generation needs to the resource-conserv- 3 ing utilization of all raw materials and the Developing ideas efficient recyclability of our products.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Power Losses in Bending Rolled Fully Finished NO Electrical Steel Treated Under Unconventional Annealing Conditions
    materials Article Evolution of Power Losses in Bending Rolled Fully Finished NO Electrical Steel Treated under Unconventional Annealing Conditions Ivan Petryshynets 1,*, František Kováˇc 1,Ján Füzer 2, Ladislav Falat 1, Viktor Puchý 1 and Peter Kollár 2 1 Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia 2 Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-55-792-2442 Received: 19 June 2019; Accepted: 5 July 2019; Published: 8 July 2019 Abstract: Currently, the non-oriented (NO) iron-silicon steels are extensively used as the core materials in various electrical devises due to excellent combination of their mechanical and soft magnetic properties. The present study introduces a fairly innovative technological approach applicable for fully finished NO electrical steel before punching the laminations. It is based on specific mechanical processing by bending and rolling in combination with subsequent annealing under dynamic heating conditions. It has been revealed that the proposed unconventional treatment clearly led to effective improvement of the steel magnetic properties thanks to its beneficial effects involving additional grain growth with appropriate crystallographic orientation and residual stress relief. The philosophy of the proposed processing was based on employing the phenomena of selective grain growth by strain-induced grain boundary migration and a steep temperature gradient through the cross-section of heat treated specimens at dynamic heating conditions. The stored deformation energy necessary for the grain growth was provided by plastic deformation induced within the studied specimens during the bending and rolling process.
    [Show full text]
  • 3% Silicon Steel Core Material
    3% Silicon Steel Core Material (Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel) datasheet 3% (Grain-Oriented) Silicon Steel is a soft magnetic material that is best used in electrical power transformers and inductors. It has a silicon content up to 3.2 mass %, which increases the electrical resistivity and reduces eddy current losses. The magnetic properties can be enhanced during a cold rolling stage (along the length) to produce textured sheets, known as grain-oriented electrical steel. Due to its preferred crystallographic orientation, it is used primarily for non-rotating applications, i.e. transformers and inductors. Typical operating frequency of 3% Silicon Steel is 50-60 Hz (hertz). A variety of forms can be manufactured, including lamination, toroidal and C-cores, as well as glued block cores of various shapes by cutting or pressing. Date: September 2018 Revision 0.1 © U.S. Department of Energy - National Energy Technology Laboratory 3% Silicon Steel core Fig. 1: 3% silicon core Dimensions Table 1: Core dimensions Description Symbol Finished dimension (mm) Width of core A 180 Height of core B 240 Depth of core (or cast width) D 30 Thickness or build E 50 Width of core window F 80 Height of core window G 140 Minimum Gap width H Fig. 2: Illustration of core dimensions (cut surface to cut surface) Acknowledgement This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s ongoing research in DOE’s The Offi ce of Electricity’s (OE) Transformer Resilience and Advanced Components (TRAC) program under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. Disclaimer This project was funded by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, an agency of the United States Government, through a support contract with AECOM.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
    Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) m kg s cd SI mol K A NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Ambler Thompson and Barry N. Taylor NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Ambler Thompson Technology Services and Barry N. Taylor Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, April 1995) March 2008 U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology James M. Turner, Acting Director National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 811, April 1995 Edition) Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 811, 2008 Ed., 85 pages (March 2008; 2nd printing November 2008) CODEN: NSPUE3 Note on 2nd printing: This 2nd printing dated November 2008 of NIST SP811 corrects a number of minor typographical errors present in the 1st printing dated March 2008. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) Preface The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d’Unités), is the modern metric system of measurement. Long the dominant measurement system used in science, the SI is becoming the dominant measurement system used in international commerce. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of August 1988 [Public Law (PL) 100-418] changed the name of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and gave to NIST the added task of helping U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Altogether More Powerful Non-Oriented Electrical Steel
    Altogether more powerful Non-oriented electrical steel www.cogent-power.com ALTOGETHER MORE POWERFUL Cogent Power provides a broad range of high quality products manufactured to customers’ most demanding requirements, and has a responsive approach to the market. Our business Cogent Power is a Tata Steel Enterprise. The These non oriented electrical steels are Cogent Power Inc., in Burlington, Ontario, is a specialist product range from Cogent Electrical principally used for motors, generators, world leader in the design and manufacture of Steels ranges from high permeability grain alternators, small transformers and a variety of transformer cores and components, including oriented steels for power transformers to fully other electromagnetic applications. Thin distributed gap cores, toroidal cores and flat- processed silicon steels for all sizes of rotating gauge materials are also available which offer stacked cores. Cogent Power Inc. also makes machines, including thin gauge materials for the superior performance required for high amorphous cores. Cogent Power Inc. has a high speed machines operating at medium to frequency applications, such as hybrid car high quality slitting operation for electrical high frequencies. motors, flywheels and harmonic filters. The full steels, used to support its own business and product range is marketed worldwide direct or also to supply a range of grades across Electrical steels are manufactured on two sites: through the Tata Steel International global North America. Surahammar Bruks, in Sweden produces non- sales offices. oriented fully processed electrical steels. These steels are iron-silicon alloys with varying silicon Orb Electrical Steels, in the UK is responsible content and have similar magnetic properties for the production and global sales of in all directions in the plane of the sheet.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1303.1588V2 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 8 Jun 2015 4.4 Errors in the Article
    Translation of an article by Paul Drude in 1904 Translation by A. J. Sederberg1;∗ (pp. 512{519, 560{561), J. Burkhart2;y (pp. 519{527), and F. Apfelbeck3;z (pp. 528{560) Discussion by B. H. McGuyer1;x 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA 2Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027-5255, USA June 9, 2015 Abstract English translation of P. Drude, Annalen der Physik 13, 512 (1904), an article by Paul Drude about Tesla transformers and wireless telegraphy. Includes a discussion of the derivation of an equivalent circuit and the prediction of nonreciprocal mutual inductance for Tesla transformers in the article, which is supplementary material for B. McGuyer, PLoS ONE 9, e115397 (2014). Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Bibliographic information 2 3 Translation 3 I. Definition and Integration of the Differential Equations . .3 Figure 1 . .5 II. The Magnetic Coupling is Very Small . .9 III. Measurement of the Period and the Damping . 12 IV. The Magnetic Coupling is Not Very Small . 19 VII. Application to Wireless Telegraphy . 31 Figure 2 . 32 Figure 3 . 33 Summary of Main Results . 39 4 Discussion 41 4.1 Technical glossary . 41 4.2 Hopkinson's law . 41 4.3 Equivalent circuit parameters from the article . 42 arXiv:1303.1588v2 [physics.hist-ph] 8 Jun 2015 4.4 Errors in the article . 42 4.5 Modifications to match Ls with previous work . 42 ∗Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, 5812 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. yPresent address: Department of Microsystems and Informatics, Hochschule Kaiserslautern, Amerikastrasse 1, D-66482 Zweibr¨ucken, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • From Cell to Battery System in Bevs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types
    Article From Cell to Battery System in BEVs: Analysis of System Packing Efficiency and Cell Types Hendrik Löbberding 1,* , Saskia Wessel 2, Christian Offermanns 1 , Mario Kehrer 1 , Johannes Rother 3, Heiner Heimes 1 and Achim Kampker 1 1 Chair for Production Engineering of E-Mobility Components, RWTH Aachen University, 52064 Aachen, Germany; c.off[email protected] (C.O.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (H.H.); [email protected] (A.K.) 2 Fraunhofer IPT, 48149 Münster, Germany; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 November 2020; Accepted: 4 December 2020; Published: 10 December 2020 Abstract: The motivation of this paper is to identify possible directions for future developments in the battery system structure for BEVs to help choosing the right cell for a system. A standard battery system that powers electrified vehicles is composed of many individual battery cells, modules and forms a system. Each of these levels have a natural tendency to have a decreased energy density and specific energy compared to their predecessor. This however, is an important factor for the size of the battery system and ultimately, cost and range of the electric vehicle. This study investigated the trends of 25 commercially available BEVs of the years 2010 to 2019 regarding their change in energy density and specific energy of from cell to module to system. Systems are improving. However, specific energy is improving more than energy density.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Steel Sheet for Traction Motor of Hybrid/Electrical Vehicles
    NIPPON STEEL TECHNICAL REPORT No. 103 MAY 2013 Technical Report UDC 669 . 14 . 018 . 583 : 629 . 113 . 6 Electrical Steel Sheet for Traction Motor of Hybrid/Electrical Vehicles Takeaki WAKISAKA* Satoshi ARAI Yousuke KUROSAKI Abstract 15 years have passed since the first commercial hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was sold. Meanwhile, the market has been expanding and the type of HEV/EV has been increasing, and then demands to electrical steel sheet for traction motor cores of HEV/EV has become diversified. In this paper, the demands to electrical steel sheet for traction motor cores of HEV/EV are reconfirmed, and then newly developed elec- trical steel sheet and the application techniques of electrical steel sheet are informed. traction motor needs to be not only economical but also compact in 1. Introduction size and light in weight, especially for HEVs that have a compara- Fifteen years have passed since the world’s first production tively small space for the motor (Fig. 1). model hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was introduced to the market. In order to increase the torque of a motor, it is important to pass Since then the market for HEVs has expanded with HEV models in- a larger driving current through the motor windings and increase the creasing in number. Today, electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in magnetic flux that interlinks with the windings. For reducing the HEVs are being manufactured on a commercial basis. Compared motor size, the electrical steel sheet used is required to have a high with the conventional gasoline engine, the electric motor has better magnetic flux density.
    [Show full text]
  • AP Physics 2: Algebra Based
    AP® PHYSICS 2 TABLE OF INFORMATION CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS -27 -19 Proton mass, mp =1.67 ¥ 10 kg Electron charge magnitude, e =1.60 ¥ 10 C -27 -19 Neutron mass, mn =1.67 ¥ 10 kg 1 electron volt, 1 eV= 1.60 ¥ 10 J -31 8 Electron mass, me =9.11 ¥ 10 kg Speed of light, c =3.00 ¥ 10 m s Universal gravitational Avogadro’s number, N 6.02 1023 mol- 1 -11 3 2 0 = ¥ constant, G =6.67 ¥ 10 m kg s Acceleration due to gravity 2 Universal gas constant, R = 8.31 J (mol K) at Earth’s surface, g = 9.8 m s -23 Boltzmann’s constant, kB =1.38 ¥ 10 J K 1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u=¥= 1.66 10-27 kg 931 MeV c2 -34 -15 Planck’s constant, h =¥=¥6.63 10 J s 4.14 10 eV s -25 3 hc =¥=¥1.99 10 J m 1.24 10 eV nm -12 2 2 Vacuum permittivity, e0 =8.85 ¥ 10 C N m 9 22 Coulomb’s law constant, k =1 4pe0 = 9.0 ¥ 10 N m C -7 Vacuum permeability, mp0 =4 ¥ 10 (T m) A -7 Magnetic constant, k¢ =mp0 4 = 1 ¥ 10 (T m) A 1 atmosphere pressure, 1 atm=¥= 1.0 1052 N m 1.0¥ 105 Pa meter, m mole, mol watt, W farad, F kilogram, kg hertz, Hz coulomb, C tesla, T UNIT second, s newton, N volt, V degree Celsius, ∞C SYMBOLS ampere, A pascal, Pa ohm, W electron volt, eV kelvin, K joule, J henry, H PREFIXES VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES Factor Prefix Symbol q 0 30 37 45 53 60 90 12 tera T 10 sinq 0 12 35 22 45 32 1 109 giga G cosq 1 32 45 22 35 12 0 106 mega M 103 kilo k tanq 0 33 34 1 43 3 • 10-2 centi c 10-3 milli m The following conventions are used in this exam.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern GPU Architecture
    Modern GPU Architecture Msc Software Engineering student of Tartu University Ismayil Tahmazov [email protected] Agenda • What is a GPU? • GPU evolution!! • GPU costs • GPU pipeline • Fermi architecture • Kepler architecture • Pascal architecture • Turing architecture • AMD Radeon R9 • AMD vs Nvidia What is it a GPU? A graphics processing unit is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. photo reference Wikipedia What is it a GPU? GPU Evolution image:reference Evolution of Nvidia GeForce 1999 - 2018 Modern GPU First GPU Nvidia GeForce 256 GeForce GTX 1050 CUDA CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming model developed by NVIDIA for general computing on graphical processing units (GPUs). With CUDA, developers are able to dramatically speed up computing applications by harnessing the power of GPUs. text source photo reference Graphics Processing image:refence source Nvidia GeForce 8880 GPU pipeline Why GPUs so fast ? Why GPUs so fast ? simplified Nvidia GPU architecture MP = Multi Processor SM = Shared Memory SFU = Special Functions Unit IU = Instruction Unit SP = Streaming processor reference Nvidia Fermi GPU Architecture Nvidia Fermi GPU Architecture photo Nvidia Kepler GPU Architecture reference Specifications reference for table Pascal architecture reference GP100 (Tesla P100) image Pascal Streaming Multiprocessor Compute Capabilities: GK110 vs GM200 vs GP100 Cross-section Illustrating GP100 adjacent HBM2 stacks Cross-section Photomicrograph of a P100 HBM2 stack and GP100 GPU image reference image refence Nvidia Turing GPU Architecture reference Nvidia Turing TU102 GPU reference NVIDIA Pascal GP102 vs Turing TU102 reference Turing Streaming Multiprocessor (SM) reference New shared memory architecture reference Turing Shading Performance reference Costs !!! Really? image image Conclusion We have several GPU architectures from different companies.
    [Show full text]
  • TESLA MODEL X from 2016—2021
    TESLA MODEL X From 2016—2021 Airbag Stored gas Seatbelt SRS Pedestrian inflator preten- Control protection sioner Unit active system Automatic Gas strut/ High Zone rollover pre-loaded strength requiring protection spring zone special system attention Battery Ultra ca- Fuel tank Gas tank Safety low volt- pacitor, low valve age voltage High High volt- High Fuse box Ultra voltage age power voltage disabling capaci- battery cable/com- discon- high tor, high pack ponent nect voltage voltage system Cable cut TESLA MODEL X ID No. Version No. Page No. From 2016 — 2021 TESLA–202012–002 01 01/04 1. Identification / recognition WARNING LACK OF ENGINE NOISE DOES NOT MEAN VEHICLE IS OFF. SILENT MOVEMENT OR INSTANT RESTART CAPABILITY EXISTS UNTIL VEHICLE IS FULLY SHUT DOWN. WEAR APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE). NOTE: The Tesla emblem indicates a fully electric vehicle. NOTE: The model name is located on the rear of the vehicle. 2. Immobilization / stabilization / lifting IMMOBILIZATION STABILIZATION/ LIFTING POINTS 1. CHOCK WHEELS 2. PUT VEHICLE INTO PARK POSITION Appropriate lift areas PUSH 1x Safe stabilization points for Model X resting on its side High Voltage (HV) Battery 3. Disable direct hazards / safety regulations ACCESS MAIN DISABLE METHOD 1. Open the hood (see chapter 4). 1. Double cut the first responder loop. 2. Remove the access panel by pulling it upward 2. Disable the 12V battery. to release the clips that hold it in place. WARNING Not every high voltage component is labeled. Always wear appropriate PPE. Always double cut the first responder loop. Do not attempt to open the High Voltage (HV) battery.
    [Show full text]