Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development: a Case Study in the Republic of South Sudan
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The Criminalization of South Sudan's Gold Sector
The Criminalization of South Sudan’s Gold Sector Kleptocratic Networks and the Gold Trade in Kapoeta By the Enough Project April 2020* A Precious Resource in an Arid Land Within the area historically known as the state of Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta is a semi-arid rangeland of clay soil dotted with short, thorny shrubs and other vegetation.1 Precious resources lie below this desolate landscape. Eastern Equatoria, along with the region historically known as Central Equatoria, contains some of the most important and best-known sites for artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). Some estimates put the number of miners at 60,000 working at 80 different locations in the area, including Nanaknak, Lauro (Didinga Hills), Napotpot, and Namurnyang. Locals primarily use traditional mining techniques, panning for gold from seasonal streams in various villages. The work provides miners’ families resources to support their basic needs.2 Kapoeta’s increasingly coveted gold resources are being smuggled across the border into Kenya with the active complicity of local and national governments. This smuggling network, which involves international mining interests, has contributed to increased militarization.3 Armed actors and corrupt networks are fueling low-intensity conflicts over land, particularly over the ownership of mining sites, and causing the militarization of gold mining in the area. Poor oversight and conflicts over the control of resources between the Kapoeta government and the national government in Juba enrich opportunistic actors both inside and outside South Sudan. Inefficient regulation and poor gold outflows have helped make ASM an ideal target for capture by those who seek to finance armed groups, perpetrate violence, exploit mining communities, and exacerbate divisions. -
Challenges of Accountability an Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan
Challenges of Accountability An Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan By David K. Deng March 2013 Photos: David K. Deng This report presents findings from an assessment that the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) conducted on the accessibility of local justice systems across six rural counties of South Sudan. The assessment included a comprehensive household survey that examined the legal needs of populations residing in the six counties and the legal services that are available to service those needs and numerous interviews with local justice service providers and users. David K. Deng is the author. Victor Bol provided research assistance. The views contained in this paper are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the SSLS, Pact, or their donors. South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) Hai Thoura Juba, South Sudan Phone: +211 (0) 955 073 591 Email: [email protected] © 2012 South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) 1 About the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) The South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) is a civil society organization based in Juba. Its mission is to strive for justice in society and respect for human rights and the rule of law in South Sudan. The SSLS manages projects in a number of areas, including legal aid, community paralegal training, human rights awareness-raising and capacity-building for legal professionals, traditional authorities and government institutions. Acknowledgements We would like to extend our profound appreciation to the wide range of people and organizations whose assistance made this report possible, first and foremost to the many government officials, community members, and legal professionals that took part in our interviews and surveys. -
Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility Among Southern Sudanese
“Magnets” andMobilityamongSouthernSudanese Crossing Lines United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment Agency for United States Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 BEPS Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity CREATIVE ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL INC In collaboration with CARE, THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, AND GROUNDWORK Crossing Lines “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese A final report of two assessment trips examining the impact and broader implications of a new teacher training center in the Kakuma refugee camps, Kenya Prepared by: Marc Sommers Youth at Risk Specialist, CARE Basic Education and Policy Support Activity (BEPS) CARE, Inc. 151 Ellis Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303-2439 and Creative Associates International, Inc. 5301 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20015 Prepared for: Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity US Agency for International Development Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 Creative Associates International, Inc., Prime Contractor Photo credit: Marc Sommers 2002 Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese CONTENTS I. Introduction: Do Education Facilities Attract Displaced People? The Current Debate .........................................................................................................................1 II. Background: Why Study Teacher Training in Kakuma and Southern Sudan? ......... 3 III. Findings: Issues Related to Mobility in Southern Sudan........................................... 8 A. Institutions at Odds: Contrasting Perceptions........................................................ -
Final Resettlement Action Plan Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Upgrading of the NADAPAL-JUBA ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized from Gravel to Paved (Bitumen) Standards FINAL RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized Issued on: November 6th, 2013 EMPLOYER: Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, Government of Republic of South Sudan CONSULTANT: Public Disclosure Authorized SMEC INTERNATIONAL PTY LIMITED, AUSTRALIA REVISED BY: Ing. MRS. RITA OHENE SARFOH i | P a g e Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Statements of Objectives........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Brief Description -
Cultural Practices on Burial and Care for the Sick in South Sudan
Helpdesk Report Cultural practices on burial and care for the sick in South Sudan Iffat Idris GSDRC, University of Birmingham 17 September 2018 Question Carry out a rapid literature review on cultural practices in South Sudan on burial and caring for the sick, focusing on differences in practices across different ethnic groups. The main linguistic groupings and ethnic groups in each that are predominant in areas considered to be at highest risk of Ebola outbreak in South Sudan are: Bantu-speaking – Zande and Baka Bare-speaking – Moru, Kakwa, Pojulu, Kuku and Bare Others – Acholi, Madi, Lotuko, Toposa and Didinga Contents 1. Summary 2. Burial practices by ethnic group 3. Other relevant findings 4. References The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk-based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation. For further information, please contact [email protected]. 1. Summary Literature on cultural practices for burial and care for the sick among individual ethnic groups in South Sudan was very limited. However, it clearly points to the importance of proper burials among all ethnic groups: these typically entail washing the body of the deceased; it can take several days before burial takes place; and graves are often located within or close to family homesteads. -
Factors Hindering Didinga Women's
Didinga Women & Development All levels of government shall…enact laws to combat harmful customs and tradi- tions which undermine the dignity and status of women Women shall be accorded full and equal dignity of the person with men Women shall have the right to participate equally with men in public life. Article 16, the Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011, Factors hindering Didinga Women’s Contribution to Development Hellen Nauren Atiol September 2014 Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Arts in Development and Emergency Practice Centre for Development and Emergency Practice Oxford Brookes University Abstract The significance for gender equality and women’s empowerment is supported with the fact that all individuals deserve to live a life of their own choosing supported with all the basic rights. Increasing women’s agency so that they have the ability to make their own choices can contribute to economic efficiency and the achievement of key development out- comes. This research demonstrates how external factors such as conflict and insecurity, weak governance and poverty, coupled with internal factors rooted in cultural values enforced by the patriarchal dominance completely disempowers the Didinga women of South Sudan and affects their potential of effective contribution towards development. The study is based on an empirical form of qualitative research, carried out through in- formal interviews with the Didinga women in various regions of Budi County, located in Eastern Equatoria South Sudan, where participants reveal the perception and attitude towards women taking a more active and aggressive role towards change in the community. -
Eastern Equatoria)
AFRIKA FOCUS-Volume 21, Nr. 2, 2008-pp. 53-70 Governance, violence and the struggle for economic regulation in South Sudan: the case of Budi County (Eastern Equatoria) Anne Walraet Department ofThird World Studies, Ghent University, Belgium This article analyses how Budi County in Eastern Equatoria State (South Sudan) was governed dur ing the 1990s and up to mid-2007. Because its capital Chukudum was the SPLM/A headquarters almost throughout that period, it provides us with an interesting case from which to explore how the SPLM/A governed during the war and how this impacts on the post-war peace. One obser vation is that the war, besides a period of devastation and human suffering, was also a time of economic opportunities and social differentiation. For that reason this article will also explore livestock trade as a new mode of wealth appropriation and the changing nature of cattle raid ing, and how this interferes with the struggle for regulatory power and governable "spaces". This means that we comprehend the economy as a political terrain. At the same time we leave room for sociological perspectives, to complement the more restricted "competition for resources and gains" approach to conflict and violence. The article is written in three sections. In the first section we briefly clarify why in 1999 there was an uprising in Budi County against SPLM/ A rule and why it engendered massive local support. In the second section we examine one of the most destructive manifestations ofviolence that affect Budi county: cattle raiding. We look at it from a perspective that has been under-researched in the field: that of trans-border trade. -
World Bank Document
Upgrading of Nadapal to Juba Road SA Report Public Disclosure Authorized SOUTH SUDAN-EASTERN AFRICA REGIONAL TRANSPORT, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATION PROGRAM (SS-EARTTDFP) UPGRADING OF THE JUBA – NADAPAL ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized NOVEMBER 2013 i Upgrading of Nadapal to Juba Road SA Report Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................................. ii Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ vi 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Background and Context .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Importance of the Program ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Detailed Description of the Program ....................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Activities Associated With the Project ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Proposed Road Upgrading Project .......................................................................................................... -
Governance, Violence and the Struggle for Economic Regulation in South Sudan: the Case of Budi County (Eastern Equatoria)
afrika focus — Volume 21, Nr. 2, 2008 — pp. 53-70 Governance, violence and the struggle for economic regulation in South Sudan: the case of Budi County (Eastern Equatoria) Anne Walraet Department of Third World Studies, Ghent University, Belgium This article analyses how Budi County in Eastern Equatoria State (South Sudan) was governed dur- ing the 1990s and up to mid-2007. Because its capital Chukudum was the SPLM/A headquarters almost throughout that period, it provides us with an interesting case from which to explore how the SPLM/A governed during the war and how this impacts on the post-war peace. One obser- vation is that the war, besides a period of devastation and human suffering, was also a time of economic opportunities and social differentiation. For that reason this article will also explore livestock trade as a new mode of wealth appropriation and the changing nature of cattle raid- ing, and how this interferes with the struggle for regulatory power and governable “spaces”. This means that we comprehend the economy as a political terrain. At the same time we leave room for sociological perspectives, to complement the more restricted “competition for resources and gains” approach to conflict and violence. The article is written in three sections. In the first section we briefly clarify why in 1999 there was an uprising in Budi County against SPLM/A rule and why it engendered massive local support. In the second section we examine one of the most destructive manifestations of violence that affect Budi county: cattle raiding. We look at it from a perspective that has been under-researched in the field: that of trans-border trade. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued \miVsJX, Q^W^ hy (he SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Vol. 106 Washington : 1956 No. 3377 MAMMALS OF THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN By Henry W. Setzer Introduction The discovery of factors of medical importance in mammals of the southern Anglo -Egyptian Sudan prompted this study of their taxon- omy, distribution, and zoogeography. The mammalian hosts obtained on a preliminary investigation in 1948 and subsequent studies in 1949-1950 form the basis of the present report. The material was obtamed by personnel of U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, and it currently bears Chicago Natural History Museum catalog numbers. This collection is to be divided equally between the Chicago Museum and the United States National Aluseum. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, specimens from localities bearing no museum abbreviation in the "specimens ex- amined" sections of the accounts of species are in the above collection. Specimens from localities such as Bor, Gondokoro, Khartoum, Lake No, and Mongalla, which bear no museum designation, are in the U. S. National Museum from previous African explorations. Locali- 1 This paper is based upon studies of the material collected by U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three. The author is a collaborator with this research group. 447 448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. loe ties indicated by italics were either not to be found on any maps available, or would overlap locality dots on the distribution maps. Abbreviations designating other collections examined are: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History ; BM, British Museum (Natural History); and MC'Z. -
Cornell/International Agricultural Economics Study Agriculture Among the Lopit Latuka in Eastern Equatoria, Sudan
December 1981 A.E. Research 81-30 CORNELL/INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS STUDY AGRICULTURE AMONG THE LOPIT LATUKA IN EASTERN EQUATORIA, SUDAN by Dwight A. Jurey DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS New York Stole College of Agriculture and-Life Sciences A Statutory College of the State University Cornell University,, Ithaca, New York 14853 The Department, of Agricultural Economics offers training in Internationa.! Economics and Development leading to the MPS, MS, and PhD d e. g r e e. s . A c omp o n e n f of the P r o g r am in In t e m a - tional Agriculture of the New York State College of Agricul ture and Life Sciences, the course, of study and. research is flexible and designed to enable, students to draw on the e.xpe ti.se of faculty in many disciplines and with wide-ranging interna.tional experience, as well as on a core of faculty within the Department, who address themselves exclusively to interna tional questions, The geographical focus is on the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It is the policy of Cornell University actively to support equality of educational and employment opportunity. Mo person shall be. denied admission to any educational program or activity or be denied employment on the basis of any legally prohibited discrimination involving, but not limited to, such factors as race., color, creed, religion, national or ethnic origin, sex, age or handicap. The University is committed to the maintenance of affirmative action programs which will assure the continuation of such equality of opp-or tun. -
Country of Origin Information Report: Sudan October 2003
Sudan, Country Information Page 1 of 79 SUDAN COUNTRY REPORT OCTOBER 2003 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY lll ECONOMY lV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VlA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VlB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VlC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A - CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B - LIST OF MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES ANNEX C -THE POPULAR DEFENCE FORCES ACT 1989 ANNEX D - THE NATIONAL SERVICE ACT 1992 ANNEX E - LIST OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF SUDAN ANNEX F - LANGUAGES OF SUDAN ANNEX G - PROMINENT PEOPLE ANNEX H - REFERENCES TO SOURCE DOCUMENTS 3 ECONOMY 3.1 Sudan's primary resources are agricultural but oil production and export have taken on greater importance since October 2000. As a result of oil export earnings of around US$500 million in 2000-1, Sudan's current account entered surplus for the first time since independence. Although the country is trying to diversify its cash crops, cotton and gum Arabic remain its major agricultural exports and exports other than oil are largely stagnant. Sudan remains a net importer of food [3d]. 3.2 The transport system is underdeveloped and is a serious constraint on economic growth. The country's vast area and the availability of only one major outlet to the sea, Port Sudan, place a heavy burden on limited facilities, especially on the government-owned Sudan Railways and on the road network. The government-owned Sudan Airways airline operates domestic and international services from Sudan's main airport at Khartoum. There are several smaller airports; the most important of which http://www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/ppage.asp?section=195&title=Sudan%2C%20Country%20Information 11/18/2003 Sudan, Country Information Page 2 of 79 are those at Al-Ubayyid and Port Sudan [6].