DOCSLIB.ORG

Islands of Education Schooling, Civil War and the Southern Sudanese (1983-2004)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Islands of Education Schooling, Civil War and the Southern Sudanese (1983-2004) Islands of education Schooling, civil war and the Southern Sudanese (1983-2004) Islands of education Schooling, civil war and the Southern Sudanese (1983-2004) Marc Sommers International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) The views and opinions expressed in this booklet are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNESCO or of the IIEP. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this review do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or IIEP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. The financing for the research of the case study has been generously provided by the UK Department for International Development. The publication costs of this study have been covered through a grant-in- aid offered by UNESCO and by voluntary contributions made by several Member States of UNESCO, the list of which will be found at the end of the volume. Published by: International Institute for Educational Planning 7-9 rue Eugène Delacroix, 75116 Paris e-mail: [email protected] IIEP web site: www.unesco.org/iiep Cover design: Corinne Hayworth Cover photo: Marc Sommers Typesetting: Linéale Production © UNESCO 2005 This volume has been printed in IIEP’s printshop. Acknowledgements I wish to express my thanks to all of those who contributed to bringing this book to fruition, beginning with the Southern Sudanese themselves. They have endured, among other things, interviews with researchers many, many times. I can only express my deep appreciation for their patience, insights, and hospitality. A long list of people provided essential support to the field research, including Kosti Manibe of the Secretariat of Education, Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement; Martin Madut Muorwel, County Education Officer, Gogrial County; Elmuatasim A. Elhassan, Undersecretary; and Ibrahim Suliman El Dasis, Director of General Planning, Educational Planning of the Ministry of Education of the Government of Sudan. A special word of thanks is due to Save the Children UK, who managed to support the research both in Akon Payam and Khartoum. Thanks in particular to Sharon Wright in Lokichoggio (now working for the University of Massachusetts, Amherst on the Sudan Basic Education Project) and Joseph Liya in Akon, as well as Wendy Fenton in Nairobi, Duncan Harvey in Khartoum and so many of their SCUK associates for facilitating fieldwork in the north and the south. Thanks also to a number of people who facilitated my visit to Narus from the Diocese of Torit, especially Janet Aya, Diocesan Programme Manager and her colleagues in Narus, including Ingrid Fløistad. My gratitude and thanks are owed to CARE USA, especially Jeff Seed and Ruth Obwaya in Nairobi and Lillian Lamai and Clifford Agumbi in Lokichoggio, for providing a base for me in Lokichoggio and helping me get to Narus. In addition, I owe much gratitude to the Jesuit Refugee Service in Uganda, particularly Aden Raj in Kampala and Robin Lumagu in Adjumani as well as Sister Cathy, Sister Lydia, Father Gary and, not least, Joseph Lisak. We very much appreciated the help of those who kindly supported the field research trip of the Field Researcher, Stephen Mwachofi Singo, to Kakuma, including Bobby Waddell, Eunice Kimaliro, Joel Onyango and all of their colleagues. Thanks are due to a number of other people as 5 Acknowledgements well as Linnie Kesselly of UNHCR in Uganda, Nemia Temporal and especially Lee McDonald of UNHCR in Geneva, and five accomplished and exceedingly helpful colleagues who all have vast experience on and passion for issues in Southern Sudan: Tim Brown, Marv Koop, Anna Obura, Barry Sesnan and Ria van Hoewijk. Research data from two earlier research trips to East Africa supplemented the field research carried out late in 2003 for this book. Special thanks are reserved for UNHCR, Jeff Crisp and Christopher Talbot (now of IIEP) in particular, in addition to Pamela Baxter, Victor Ikobwa and many others involved in UNHCR’s Peace Education Programmes in Kenya and Uganda in 2000 (addressed in Sommers, 2001). Additional thanks are due to James Hoxeng, Mitch Kirby and James Walsh of USAID, and to others who supported the research that led to Crossing lines (Sommers, 2002) including Don Graybill and Cynthia Prather of Creative Associates International, Inc. and Jane Benbow, formerly of CARE USA (now with American Institutes for Research). The work of other members of the research team was superb and much appreciated: the Field Researcher from the Department of Government and Public Administration and the Centre for Refugee Studies at Moi University, Stephen Mwachofi Singo, for his work in carrying out research in Kenya’s Kakuma Refugee Camps; and two sterling graduate students in education, Henan Cheng of Boston University and Supriya Baily of George Washington University, for their support in gathering documents as Research Assistants. A final word of thanks is due to the editor, Christopher Talbot, an insightful colleague and intellectual guide, as well as his associates at IIEP, including Erika Boak, Jo Kelcey, Shérazade Mihoubi, Eli Rognerud and Jo Stephenson. 6 Foreword to the series UNESCO is increasingly requested to provide an educational response in emergency and reconstruction settings. The organization is in the process of developing expertise in this field in order to be able to provide prompt and relevant assistance. It will offer guidance, practical tools and specific training for education policy-makers, officials and planners. The fifth of the eleven objectives adopted by the Dakar World Education Forum in 2000 explicitly focuses on the rights of children in emergencies. It stresses the importance of meeting “... the needs of education systems affected by conflict, natural calamities and instability and conduct[ing] educational programmes in ways that promote mutual understanding, peace and tolerance, and that help to prevent violence and conflict”. The Dakar Framework for Action (UNESCO, 2000: 9) calls for national Education for All plans to include provision for education in emergency situations. Governments, particularly education ministries, have an important role to play in an area that has often been dominated by the actions of NGOs and United Nations agencies. Moreover, the field of educational planning in emergencies and reconstruction is still young. It has to be organized into a manageable discipline, through further documentation and analysis, before training programmes can be designed. Accumulated institutional memories and knowledge in governments, agencies and NGOs on education in emergencies are in danger of being lost due both to the dispersion and disappearance of documents, and to high staff turnover in both the national and international contexts. Most of the expertise is still in the heads of practitioners and needs to be collected, since memories fade fast. Diverse experiences of educational reconstruction must now be more thoroughly documented and analyzed before they disappear. This task includes the publication in this series of seven country- specific analyses being conducted on the planning and management of education in emergencies and reconstruction. They concern the efforts currently being made to restore and transform education systems in 7 Foreword to the series countries as diverse as Burundi, Kosovo, Palestine, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan and Timor-Leste. They have been initiated and sponsored by IIEP, in close collaboration with the Division for Educational Policies and Strategies at UNESCO headquarters. The objectives of the case studies are: • to contribute to the process of developing knowledge in the discipline of education in emergencies; • to provide focused input for future IIEP training programmes targeting government officials and others in education in emergencies; • to identify and collect dispersed documentation on the management of education in the seven countries; and to capture some of the undocumented memories of practitioners; • to analyze responses in seven very different situations to educational provision in times of crisis; and • to increase dissemination of information and analysis on education in emergencies. IIEP’s larger programme on education in emergencies and reconstruction involves not only these case studies, but also a series of global, thematic, policy-related studies. In addition, IIEP is producing a handbook for ministry of education officials and the agencies assisting them, and developing training materials for a similar audience. Through this programme, IIEP will make a modest but significant contribution to the discipline of education in emergencies. Its hope is to enrich the quality of the planning processes applied in this crucial field. Gudmund Hernes Director, IIEP 8 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Foreword to the series 7 List of abbreviations 11 Executive summary 15 Author’s preface 19 Prologue: islands of education within oceans of destruction 21 Chapter 1 Introduction: ‘One per cent’ 25 Methodological approach 26 Organization of the case study 33 Chapter 2 Background: occupation, conflict and education 35 Northern and Southern Sudanese: dimensions of the landscape 38 The identity debate 41 Tracking education and conflict in modern Sudanese history 46 Lessons learnt 63 Chapter 3 Education in southern Sudan 65 Introduction 65 Education in northern Bahr el Ghazal – the case of Akon Payam 93 Education in eastern Equatoria 121 Lessons learnt
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Secession of South Sudan: a Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition
    College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Political Science Student Work Political Science 2012 The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition Christian Knox College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/polsci_students Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Knox, Christian, "The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition" (2012). Political Science Student Work. 1. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/polsci_students/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Secession of South Sudan: A Case Study in African Sovereignty and International Recognition An Honors Thesis College of St. Benedict/St. John’s University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for All College Honors and Distinction in the Department of Political Science by Christian Knox May, 2012 Knox 2 ABSTRACT: This thesis focuses on the recent secession of South Sudan. The primary research questions include an examination of whether or not South Sudan’s 2011 secession signaled a break from the O.A.U.’s traditional doctrines of African stability and noninterference. Additionally, this thesis asks: why did the United States and the international community at large confer recognition to South Sudan immediately upon its independence? Theoretical models are used to examine the independent variables of African stability, ethnic secessionism, and geopolitics on the dependent variables of international recognition and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Criminalization of South Sudan's Gold Sector
    The Criminalization of South Sudan’s Gold Sector Kleptocratic Networks and the Gold Trade in Kapoeta By the Enough Project April 2020* A Precious Resource in an Arid Land Within the area historically known as the state of Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta is a semi-arid rangeland of clay soil dotted with short, thorny shrubs and other vegetation.1 Precious resources lie below this desolate landscape. Eastern Equatoria, along with the region historically known as Central Equatoria, contains some of the most important and best-known sites for artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). Some estimates put the number of miners at 60,000 working at 80 different locations in the area, including Nanaknak, Lauro (Didinga Hills), Napotpot, and Namurnyang. Locals primarily use traditional mining techniques, panning for gold from seasonal streams in various villages. The work provides miners’ families resources to support their basic needs.2 Kapoeta’s increasingly coveted gold resources are being smuggled across the border into Kenya with the active complicity of local and national governments. This smuggling network, which involves international mining interests, has contributed to increased militarization.3 Armed actors and corrupt networks are fueling low-intensity conflicts over land, particularly over the ownership of mining sites, and causing the militarization of gold mining in the area. Poor oversight and conflicts over the control of resources between the Kapoeta government and the national government in Juba enrich opportunistic actors both inside and outside South Sudan. Inefficient regulation and poor gold outflows have helped make ASM an ideal target for capture by those who seek to finance armed groups, perpetrate violence, exploit mining communities, and exacerbate divisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Refugeemagazine
    RefugeeIssue 11 Kakuma Edition Magazine KAKUMA JOINS THE WORLD IN CELEBRATING RIO 2016 The Refugee Magazine Issue 11 1 2 The Refugee Magazine Issue 11 Editorial Editorial know by now you all are aware that Kakuma’s best athletes competed with the world’s best at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Yes, you read that well. For the first time in history refugees have been represented in the Olympic games. The 10 refugees from around the world participated in the Olympics under the International Olympics Committee flag as they Ido not belong to any state. 5 out of the 10 refugees selected worldwide are from the Kakuma Refugee Camp. We share with you some of their stories and also what their families, relatives and close friends feel about their historic achievement. This month has also seen FilmAid International partner with International Olympic Committee, Amnesty International, Globecast, and UNHCR to screen the 2016 Rio Olympic Games live from Brazil to thousands of refugees living in the Kakuma Refugee Camp. The screening locations located at Kakuma 1 Sanitation and Kakuma 4 near Hope Primary School have attracted thousands of refugees some of whom are watching the Olympics for the first time. We share some of the funniest and best quotes from refugees who brave the cold night to support their own. In our fashion column this month, we take at a look at designers and designs that are trending in various communities or areas across the camp. Find out what you need to have in your wardrobe this season. Finally, in the spirit of the Olympic Games, we share stories of different sports men and women who might not have made it to the 2016 Rio Olympic games, but have a promising future ahead.
    [Show full text]
  • Education in South Sudan: Focusing on Inequality of Provision and Implications for National Cohesion
    South Sudan Studies Association Education in South Sudan: Focusing on Inequality of Provision and Implications for National Cohesion Dr. Leben Nelson Moro and Dr. Nitika Tolani CONFLICT RESEARCH PROGRAMME Research at LSE About the Authors Dr. Leben Moro is Director of the Institute of Peace, Development and Security Studies at the University of Juba, and teaches graduate courses in the areas of development, conflict, forced migration, and humanitarian affairs. He primarily conducts research on development-induced displacement and resettlement, focusing on oil-induced displacement in South Sudan. Dr. Nitika Tolani is a Senior Education Advisor with USAID’s Asia Bureau, Washington, D.C. She previously served as Technical Manager within the Education Practice Area at Management Systems International. She has expertise in strategic planning, project management, and monitoring and evaluation with interests in delivery of high-quality programming and evidence-based decision-making in the education sector. She holds a Ph.D., Development Psychology and M.A., Psychology in Education from Columbia University, Teachers College. About the South Sudan Studies Association The SSSA is a professional association of academics, students, activists and practitioners dedicated to the production, development, and promotion of knowledge on South Sudan. The SSSA has met on an annual basis since its founding in 2018 to consider various aspects of the research agenda for South Sudan, including the politics of humanitarianism, education and civicness, the political and social implications of the Covid-19 pandemic, regional dimensions of the conflict in South Sudan, and priorities for the newly established unity government. About the Conflict Research Programme The Conflict Research Programme is a four-year research programme hosted by LSE IDEAS and funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan Crisis Appeal
    Disasters Emergency Committee: Sudan Crisis Appeal ETC (UK) Ltd June 1999 CONTENTS PAGE Contents 2 List of Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 7 1.0 Background to the Evaluation 8 1.1 The Purpose of the Evaluation 8 1.2 DEC Agencies Participating in the Appeal 8 2.0 The DEC Approach to the Evaluation 8 2.1 Appointment of the Evaluation Team 8 2.2 Planning and Reporting System for DEC Participating Agencies 9 3.0 ETC UK Approach to the Evaluation 9 3.1 Team Members 10 3.2 Terms of Reference 10 3.3 Methodology 10 4.0 ETC UK Field Contacts 11 5.0 Emergence of the Crisis 12 5.1 Affected Population 13 5.2 Decision to Appeal 15 6.0 The DEC Sudan Crisis Appeal 16 7.0 Participating DEC Agencies’ Operations 17 7.1 Types of Activity 19 7.2 Evidence of the Delayed Rains in 1998 20 7.3 Expenditure by DEC Agencies 21 8.0 Evaluation Findings 22 8.1 Restrictions on Humanitarian Space 22 8.2 Transport and Logistical Problems 23 8.3 The Need to Strengthen OLS 23 8.4 Non OLS Interventions 25 8.5 Activities in South Sudan 25 8.6 Activities in Government of Sudan Controlled Sudan 25 8.7 Advocacy 26 8.8 Performance Standards 26 2 8.9 Nutrition 27 8.9.1 General Ration 27 8.9.2 Nutritional Surveys 27 8.9.3 Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding 28 8.9.4 Redistribution within Communities 28 8.9.5 Other Provisions in Feeding Centres 29 8.10 Perceptions of the DEC 29 9.0 Efficiency 29 10.0 Effectiveness 30 11.0 Lessons Learnt 31 11.1 DEC Performance 31 11.2 Need for Collective DEC Responses 31 11.3 Diversity in Response 31 11.4 Supplementary and Therapeutic Feeding 31
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    1 CURRICULUM VITAE 1.0 PERSONAL DATA Name : Ahmed Mohammed Elsharief Permanent Address : Building and Roads Research Institute (BRRI) University of Khartoum Khartoum, P.O. Box : 321 SUDAN, Fax, 249-11-779046 Email: [email protected] Date of Birth : 01/01/1958 Nationality : Sudanese Passport : P02077570 issued 25-7-2015 Omdurman Marital Status : Married with 5 children Current Position Associate Professor and Director of Building and Road Research Institute, University of Khartoum 2.0 EDUCATION Purdue University: West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, Ph.D. Civil Engineering. December 1992. Major: Geotechnical Engineering, Minor: Highway Engineering University of Khartoum: Khartoum, Sudan, M.Sc. Civil Engineering December 1987. Major: Geotechnical Engineering; University of Khartoum: Khartoum, Sudan, B.Sc Civil Engineering, May 1981, First Class Honors. Kadogli High Secondary School: 1973-1976 Katcha Intermediate School: 1968-1973 Kadogli/Elberdab Primary School:1964-1968 3.0 SERVICE, TEACHING, AND RESEARCH EXPERIENCES: 3.1 BRRI University of Khartoum: (Nov. 1992-2001) Assistant Professor at the Building and Research Institute. 2 1999 Visiting professor, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brasil 2001-date Associate Professor at Building and Road Research Institute, University of Khartoum Head of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division BRRI 1993 to 1999. Coordinator, Masters of Science Program in Building Technology at the Institute 2000 to 2007. Head of Geotechnical Department at BRRI 2006-2009; Director BRRI Dec. 2010 - date. Activities
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development: a Case Study in the Republic of South Sudan
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences Earth and Environmental Sciences 2019 MINERAL EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN Cosmas Pitia Kujjo University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-7029 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2019.061 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kujjo, Cosmas Pitia, "MINERAL EXPLORATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN" (2019). Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences. 64. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/64 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Environmental Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements
    Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements A reference guide of good practices in the protection of refugees and other persons of concern A UNHCR publication, developed in co-operation with the NGO community and with funding from the Ford Foundation. Solutions and Operations Support Section Division of International Protection Services Geneva, Switzerland 2006 Operational Protection in Camps and Settlements A Reference Guide of Good Practices in the Protection of Refugees and Other Persons of Concern Sudan / Internally displaced people / aerial view of Seliah camp, 150 km north of El Geneina. The camp has 10,000 IDPs, most of whom fled their villages between May and August 2003, after attacks from the Janjaweed; others recently came back from refugee camps in Eastern Chad. September 27, 2004. UNHCR / H. Caux The Operational Protection Reference Guide is published in loose-leaf binder format to allow the periodic update and addition of good practices and new guidance. These supplements will be distributed regularly, with new Table of Contents and instructions on addition to the Reference Guide. Limited additional information and documents may be available for some of the good practices herein. NGOs and UNHCR field offices looking to replicate such practices, in ways appropriate to their local context, are encouraged to contact the UNHCR field office or NGO listed in the good practice for further information, including updates and lessons learned that have emerged since publication. UNHCR is always eager to receive additional examples of good practices from NGOs, refugee communities and UNHCR field offices, for possible inclusion in future supplements to the Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan National Human Development Report 2012
    MWSS UNIVERSITY of GEZIRA SUDAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2012 Geography of peace: Putting human development at the centre of peace in Sudan MWSS UNIVERSITY of GEZIRA SUDAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2012 Geography of peace: Putting human development at the centre of peace in Sudan Copyright © 2012 By the United Nations Development Programme House 7, Block 5, Gamaá Avenue P.O. Box 913 Khartoum, SUDAN Website: www.sd.undp.org The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Design, layout and production by Phoenix Design Aid A/S, Denmark. ISO 14001/ISO 9000 certified and approved CO2 neutral company – www.phoenixdesignaid.com. Printed on environmentally friendly paper (without chlorine) with vegetable-based inks. The printed matter is recyclable. Printed in the European Union Cover page by Phoenix Design Aid A/S, Denmark Copyedit Angela Marie Stephen P.O. Box 4278 Washington, DC 20044-9278 The analysis and policy recommendations of the Report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, its Executive Board, or its Member States or the Government of Sudan. The Report is an independent publication commissioned by UNDP SUDAN. It is the product of collaborative efforts by a team of independent consultants,
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges of Accountability an Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan
    Challenges of Accountability An Assessment of Dispute Resolution Processes in Rural South Sudan By David K. Deng March 2013 Photos: David K. Deng This report presents findings from an assessment that the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) conducted on the accessibility of local justice systems across six rural counties of South Sudan. The assessment included a comprehensive household survey that examined the legal needs of populations residing in the six counties and the legal services that are available to service those needs and numerous interviews with local justice service providers and users. David K. Deng is the author. Victor Bol provided research assistance. The views contained in this paper are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the SSLS, Pact, or their donors. South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) Hai Thoura Juba, South Sudan Phone: +211 (0) 955 073 591 Email: [email protected] © 2012 South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) 1 About the South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) The South Sudan Law Society (SSLS) is a civil society organization based in Juba. Its mission is to strive for justice in society and respect for human rights and the rule of law in South Sudan. The SSLS manages projects in a number of areas, including legal aid, community paralegal training, human rights awareness-raising and capacity-building for legal professionals, traditional authorities and government institutions. Acknowledgements We would like to extend our profound appreciation to the wide range of people and organizations whose assistance made this report possible, first and foremost to the many government officials, community members, and legal professionals that took part in our interviews and surveys.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing ICT Policy in K-12 Education in Sudan (1990-2016)
    http://wje.sciedupress.com World Journal of Education Vol. 7, No. 1; 2017 Analyzing ICT Policy in K-12 Education in Sudan (1990-2016) Adam Tairab1 & Huang Ronghuai1,2,* 1School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China 2Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China *Correspondence: School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 3, 2016 Accepted: January 7, 2017 Online Published: February 17, 2017 doi:10.5430/wje.v7n1p71 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n1p71 Abstract The aim of this study of ICT policy in K-12 education in Sudan is to investigate the status of planning for technology in education and then determine how the advantage of ICT can best serve the educational system and improve educational outcomes. The study examined two plans for ICT in education, addition to an interview with the educational planning manager, and information center of federal ministry of general education, and other documents from the ministry of education, as well as recommendations of previous studies which emphasized the need for policy to be compatible with other countries may face semi conditions of Sudan, and importance of compatible with UNESCO declarations (Incheon& Qingdao, 2015). The results of this study showed the need for policy emphasis on using technology in education, K-12 education in Sudan requires better technology equipment, inclusive ICT policy includes primary and secondary education need to formulate. The study also suggests that evaluation and assessment are required in order to get more effective solutions and cope with the international educational progress of ICT in K-12 education.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility Among Southern Sudanese
    “Magnets” andMobilityamongSouthernSudanese Crossing Lines United States Agency for InternationalDevelopment Agency for United States Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 BEPS Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity CREATIVE ASSOCIATES INTERNATIONAL INC In collaboration with CARE, THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, AND GROUNDWORK Crossing Lines “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese A final report of two assessment trips examining the impact and broader implications of a new teacher training center in the Kakuma refugee camps, Kenya Prepared by: Marc Sommers Youth at Risk Specialist, CARE Basic Education and Policy Support Activity (BEPS) CARE, Inc. 151 Ellis Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303-2439 and Creative Associates International, Inc. 5301 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20015 Prepared for: Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity US Agency for International Development Contract No. HNE-I-00-00-00038-00 Creative Associates International, Inc., Prime Contractor Photo credit: Marc Sommers 2002 Crossing Lines: “Magnets” and Mobility among Southern Sudanese CONTENTS I. Introduction: Do Education Facilities Attract Displaced People? The Current Debate .........................................................................................................................1 II. Background: Why Study Teacher Training in Kakuma and Southern Sudan? ......... 3 III. Findings: Issues Related to Mobility in Southern Sudan........................................... 8 A. Institutions at Odds: Contrasting Perceptions........................................................
    [Show full text]