Liveability Report for Adelaide About This Report
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Measuring the liveability of the 21 largest cities in Australia Liveability Report for Adelaide About this report Acknowledgements Gunn LD, Davern M, Higgs C, Both A, This report is one of a series of 21 Liveability Reports presenting Roberts R, Rozek J, Giles-Corti B. (2020). This research has been funded by Measuring liveability for the 21 largest indicators and maps on the liveability of Australia’s 21 largest the Australian Prevention Partnership cities in Australia: Liveability Report Centre and the NHMRC Centre of cities. It builds on the Creating Liveable Cities in Australia Report for Adelaide. Melbourne: RMIT University, Research Excellence in Healthy Liveable Centre for Urban Research. and Scorecards developed by researchers from the Healthy, Communities. It has also been supported Liveable Cities Group at RMIT University. This report includes by the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Enquiries regarding this report Hub of the National Environmental may be directed to: two new indicators - a Liveability Index and Social Infrastructure Science Programme. Index as well as liveability indicators for seven domains. Building 8, Level 11 This work is licenced under the RMIT University City campus Creative Commons Attribution- 124 La Trobe Street NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia Melbourne VIC, 3000 Licence. To view a copy of this licence, Australia visit: creativecommons.org/licences/ E [email protected] by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. Any maps reproduced P 03 9925 4577 as part of this project must include attribution and citation. Indicator data and maps can be accessed through the Australian Liveability Walkability Social Public Food ISBN: 978-0-6483390-9-0 Urban Observatory: Index Infrastructure Transport Environment W auo.org.au Alcohol Public Open Employment Housing Environment Space Affordability The Australian Urban Observatory The Australian Urban Observatory Liveability Report for Adelaide Liveability Report for Adelaide Liveability Index Walkability Rationale What we measured Rationale What we measured The economic, social, environmental The Liveability Index is underpinned by Walkability measures the ease of walking Walkability is calculated as a composite and health co-benefits of urban seven years of research [3]. It combines in an area. Neighbourhoods with shops index that includes access to daily liveability are now recognised by all six domains of liveability found to be and services to walk to, small blocks living destinations (something to walk levels of government in Australia and associated with health and wellbeing and good street connectivity, and higher to), dwelling density (population needed globally. Liveable communities are outcomes: walkability and access to population density tend to be more to supply services and destinations) and safe, socially cohesive and inclusive, social infrastructure, public transport, walkable [4]. Walkable neighborhoods street connectivity (a way to get there) and environmentally sustainable. They larger public open space, affordable discourage driving and increase walking, within a reasonable walking distance have affordable housing linked via housing and local employment. cycling and active transport use which of home [4, 9]. public transport, walking and cycling Higgs et al 2019 [3] found that people improves levels of physical activity and infrastructure, to employment; education; who live in more liveable communities reduces chronic disease outcomes [5-8]. shops and services; public open space; are more likely to walk, cycle and use and social, cultural and recreational public transport and less likely to drive. opportunities [1, 2]. Details for the included measures are contained in Higgs et al 2019 [3]. Results Results Analysis of liveability for Adelaide suburbs A closer analysis of walkability across the suburbs reveals wide variation over the city. of Adelaide reveals wide variation over the city. Figure 1. Liveability Index for Adelaide. Figure 2. Walkability Index for Adelaide. Legend Legend Decile Decile 1 (Low) 1 (Low) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 (High) 10 (High) 2019 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Data: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2016 under CC by 4.0; OpenStreetMap, 2018 under ODbL; Australian Children’s 2019 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Education & Care Quality Authority, 2018; Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2018; Healthdirect Data: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2016 under CC by 4.0; OpenStreetMap, 2018 under ODbL; Australia National Health Services Directory, 2017, via AURIN Portal, 2019; ActionBuses, Canberra Metro, MetroTas, NT Department ActionBuses, Canberra Metro, MetroTas, NT Department of Infrastructure, Planning & Logistics, of Infrastructure, Planning & Logistics, Public Transport Victoria, Transport for NSW, TransLink and Transperth, under CC by 4.0 Public Transport Victoria, Transport for NSW, TransLink and Transperth, under CC by 4.0 Map tiles: CartoDB, under CC BY 3.0, featuring data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Map tiles: CartoDB, under CC BY 3.0, featuring data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. The Australian Urban Observatory The Australian Urban Observatory Liveability Report for Adelaide Liveability Report for Adelaide Social Infrastructure Public Transport Rationale What we measured Results Rationale Providing regular and proximate public stops based on a walkable road network transport also reduces inequities. It enables distance. The distance of 400m is Social infrastructure provides access The Social Infrastructure Index included Across Australia’s largest 21 cities, a wider Living close to public transport supports people who have restricted mobility consistent with access standards in to essential community services and access to 16 types of social infrastructure mix of social infrastructure is available in health and wellbeing in a number of ways: or can’t drive - such as young people, many Australian state transport policies. resources [10]. Access to a wide range at various recommended distances by encouraging walking and reducing older adults, and people with disabilities – of different types of social infrastructure from dwellings [10]. It included access to Rank 1 dependence on driving; and, providing and those without a private motor vehicle Results is therefore important for the creation childcare facilities, community centres, Sydney residents with access to employment to access services, education and jobs. Across Australia’s largest 21 cities, and ongoing development of healthy libraries, aged care facilities, pharmacies, and amenities. People who live close to Along with active transport, it also access to regular public transport communities. High levels of access to family and community healthcare, dentists Rank 2 public transport are more likely to use it [5], facilitates more sustainable mobility. is available to more residents living in social infrastructure is linked to increased and general practitioners, sporting Melbourne and in turn achieve daily recommended physical activity [11] and wellbeing [10], facilities, swimming pools, outside school physical activity. Having a public What we measured Rank 1 and increases satisfaction with the local hours childcare, primary and secondary Rank 3 transport stop near home and work, community [1] improving social interactions schools, museums or galleries, and Adelaide increases the likelihood of using public We measured access to bus, train and Canberra and mental health outcomes [12]. Social cinemas and theatres [3]. transport [18]. While living within 400m tram stops with an average service interval infrastructure is therefore a key component of a public transport stop with a service of no more than 30 minutes between the Rank 2 of liveability. every 30 minutes, is likely to encourage weekday hours of 7am and 7pm. Access Sydney more walking [19]. was measured as the percentage of dwellings within 400m of any of these Rank 3 Adelaide The average number of social infrastructure destinations accessible within However, a closer analysis of the mix of The percentage of residences with proximate access A closer analysis of access to regular recommended distances from dwellings across all areas of Adelaide is social infrastructure across Adelaide to regular public transport in Adelaide is public transport across the suburbs reveals wide variation across the city. of Adelaide reveals wide variation over the city. 6 out of a total of 16 57%* *This figure is based on up-dated methods and data and is not comparable to previously reported figures. Up-dated figures for previous years can be accessed through the Australian Urban Observatory. Figure 3. Social Infrastructure Index for Adelaide. Figure 4. Percentage of residences with proximate access to regular public transport for Adelaide. Legend Legend Decile Decile 1 (Low) 1 (Low) 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 (High) 10 (High) 2019 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Data: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2016 under CC by 4.0; OpenStreetMap, 2018 under ODbL; Australian Children’s 2019 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Education & Care Quality Authority, 2018; Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2018; Healthdirect Data: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 2016 under CC by 4.0; OpenStreetMap, 2018 under ODbL; ActionBuses, Canberra Metro, Australia National Health Services Directory, 2017, via AURIN Portal, 2019 MetroTas, NT Department of Infrastructure, Planning & Logistics, Public Transport Victoria, Transport or NSW, TransLink and Map tiles: CartoDB, under CC BY 3.0, featuring data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL.