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Index

1857 revolt, 2, 3, 16, 21, 25, 33, 82, 103, Amherst (convict ship), 59 108, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 122, Andaman Home, 179–80 124, 125, 133–7, 148, 150, 151, Andaman Islands, 2, 3, 9, 10, 21–2, 25, 30, 152, 156, 158, 161, 165, 189 34, 54, 72, 130, 137, 149, 152–5, 1st West India Regiment, 75 157–86, 188, 191, 192, 193–4 Andamanese, 22, 157, 158, 161, 163, 166, Aborigines, 88, 91 173, 185, 193, 194 Adam, H.L., 126–7, 133 Anderson, William, 96 Adam, Sheik, 29, 44, 50–2, 88 Anglo-Sikh Wars, 20, 21, 95, 96, 103, 108, Aden, 2 116, 121 admiralty courts, 118 Antigua, 75 Afghanistan, 127 Appadurai, Arjun, 18 Africa, 20, 41, 56, 58, 65, 80, 175 apprentices, 1, 43, 48, 49, 51, 74, 76, 80, Africans, 8, 20, 45, 60, 64, 68, 74, 90, 91, 124 138, 162, 188 Arakan, 25, 107, 109 liberated, 42, 75 archives, 2, 4, 6, 10–12, 16, 19–20, 26–36, Agra, 93, 97, 98, 116, 117, 122, 152 41, 49, 53, 54, 69, 92, 124, 126, agriculture, 38, 47 146, 149, 151, 156, 157–8, 159–60, Ahmadullah, 153, 154 184, 185, 187–8, 194 Akyab, 107 Arnold, David, 15, 18, 19, 107 Ali, Liaquat, 21, 124–37, 140–1, 142, 143, arson, 76, 126 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, assault, 75, 88 158, 159 Atlantic Ocean, 2, 15, 18, 21, 61, 65, 158, Ali, Shere, 130, 131, 132, 154 167, 168 Alipore conspiracy, 144 Australia, 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, Alipur, 26, 59, 67, 93, 97, 114 20, 29, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52, 54, Allahabad, 9, 21, 93, 97, 98, 108, 117, 56, 57, 65, 66, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75, 126, 127, 128, 129, 132, 133, 136, 76–80, 82, 84, 87, 91, 92, 95, 124, 137, 138, 140, 142, 148, 151, 155, 168, 175 156 autobiography, 15, 18 Allen, Richard B., 47 Awadh, 108 Ambala, 130, 153 ayahs, 188 America, 6, 10, 20, 58, 60, 61, 64, 159, 167, 168, 169, 170, 175, 181, 183, Baartman, Sara, 15 184, 185 Baghdad, 126 American Civil War, 22, 168, 169–70, Bahadur Shah Zafar, 3 181, 184, 185 Bahamas, 75 American Navy, 160, 169 Balcolm, John, 66, 156 American Revolution, 18, 58 Ballantyne, Tony, 13 Americans, 10, 16, 21, 57, 58, 74, 83, banishment, 107, 108 157–61, 185 Banner, Lois W., 17 Amherst, 161 Bappoo, Hurry, 41

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01509-8 - Subaltern Lives: Biographies of Colonialism in the Indian Ocean World, 1790–1920 Clare Anderson Index More information

Index 211

Baptist War, 75 107, 109, 110, 114, 121, 124, 152, Barbados, 75 193, 194 barracks, 159, 166, 171, 172, 173, 176, see also Arakan; Tenasserim Provinces 177, 179, 181, 185 Burn, R.C., 110 Basra, 75 Butterworth rules, 30 Batavia, 60 Butterworth, W.J., 81, 84 Bell, Charles (Charley), 182, 186 Byculla, 127 Benares, 97, 108, 110, 149, 150 Bencoolen, 9, 25, 113 Calcutta, 9, 20, 23, 36, 48, 56, 57, 58, 59, Bengal, 19, 23, 26, 27, 28, 44, 46, 105, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 107, 108, 161 83, 87, 88, 89, 93, 96, 97, 104, 108, Bengal Army, 116, 120 110, 118, 124, 130, 136, 137, 139, Bengal Hurkaru, 139, 141 142, 144, 146, 151, 156, 157, 160, Bengal partition, 144 163, 166, 167, 171, 180, 182, 184 Bennett, Amelia, 21, 124–6, 133–6, Campbell Town, 52 137–44, 148, 150, 151–2, 155, 156, Canada, 2 159, 184 Canning, Charles, 137, 145 Bennett, Amy see Bennett, Amelia Canning, Lady, 145 Benthall, Clementina, 115 Cape Colony, 1, 2, 9, 44, 47, 48, 74, 75, Benthall, Edward, 115 76, 78, 80, 124, 168, 175, 188 Bermuda, 1, 2, 75 see also Robben Island Beyer, Augustus, 72 captives, 21, 125, 136 Bhaba, Homi, 63 captivity, 138, 142, 143, 149, 151, 177, Bhadra, Gautam, 132 180 Bhurovee, Mussomaut, 40 Caribbean, 1, 2, 12, 15, 20, 43, 57, 61, 74, bibis, 82 75, 76, 79, 80, 92, 95 Bihar, 93, 192 Carmichael, D.F., 193 biography, 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12–15, 17, 22, 44, Cassim, 87, 89 124, 187, 195 Cassim Island, 88 Bittoor, 135 caste, 5, 15, 18, 19, 21, 25, 97, 109, 116, black water see kala pani 120, 126, 127, 170 Blackburn, Stuart, 15, 18, 19 categories, colonial, 4, 5, 14, 18, 57, 100, blackface performance, 20, 61–5, 66, 91 124, 156 Blundell, E.A., 113 cavalrymen see sowars Blunt, Alison, 145 Cavrier, Emilie, 46, 47 Bogle, A., 109 Cawley, C.M., 93, 100, 101 Bombay, 9, 26, 27, 28, 40, 41, 44, 49, 50, Cawnpore, 133, 134, 136, 137, 140, 141, 52, 69, 88, 191 145, 147, 148, 151 Bond, Bridget, 133, 136 censuses, 16, 73, 159, 185 Bond, Ruskin, 150 Cesar,´ Charles, 189 bondage, 106 Ceylon, 2, 44–5, 46, 57, 75, 83, 88, 107, Boston, 58, 160, 167, 168, 181 191 Bourdaye, 44, 46–8, 50, 78 Chagos, 35 Brahmapootra (ship), 93 chain gangs, 30, 31, 54, 109, 170 Brazil, 60 challans, 30, 35, 52, 94 Britain, 1, 2, 8, 11, 14, 21, 43, 52, 54, 56, see also chain gangs; convict ship 74, 91, 158, 168 registers British Guiana, 75 Changrandy (John Grundy), 86, 88, 89, Broadfoot, George, 70, 71 156 Brown, George, 88 children, 40, 41, 42, 76, 77, 89, 101, 102, Brown, Judith M., 14 103, 139, 140, 141, 142, 149, 151, Browne, G.G., 165 177 Buesnell, Clement, 88 China, 14, 74, 75 burglary, 50, 89, 101, 107 Chinese, 43, 80, 113, 162 Burma, 2, 3, 9, 20, 21, 25, 32, 34, 35, 39, Chingleput, 27 56, 57, 59, 65, 66, 68, 81, 82, 104, Christianity, 112, 142

212 Index

Christians, 68, 83, 84, 111, 129, 136, 137, Chinese, 74, 84, 88, 191 142, 149 Christian, 67, 69–72, 83, 89 Clarissa (convict ship), 117–20, 122 clerks, 45, 71, 83, 84, 154 class, 57, 64, 70, 82, 84, 143, 144, 151, clothing, 37, 82–3, 118, 119 156 conduct, 26, 29, 69 Clendinnen, Inga, 176 Creole, 76, 86, 87, 88, 90 clerks, 26, 36, 44 death, 19, 29, 35, 36, 37, 40, 83, 110, Cleveland, 88 113, 152, 192 Clifford, Hugh, 120 domestic service, 52 climatic determinism, 72–3, 74, 86, 92 employment, 153, 154 clothing, 142 escape, 11, 27, 29, 35, 50–2, 65, 68, 69, Clover, William, 48, 49 73, 92, 104, 169, 170 coffee, 75, 87 Eurasian, 21, 25, 44–6, 57, 67, 69–72, Coimbatore, 108 74, 82–4, 92, 105, 124, 144, 156, Colley, Linda, 15 193, 194 Collier, Sally, 48 see also Indo-Europeans Colville, Charles, 77 European, 67, 73, 75, 80, 81, 83, 84 Colville, J., 118 everyday life, 5, 22, 32, 46–7, 48 Colvin, J.R., 72 execution, 46 commandeurs see convicts: overseers families, 5, 22, 188–91, 192 community history, 55, 111, 125, 156, female, 40–1, 76, 78, 83, 84, 183 159 gratuities, 114, 115 compensation, 77 guards, 5, 21, 94, 97, 98, 99, 102, 115, conduct, 5, 19, 21, 61, 101, 102, 103, 106, 119, 157, 172, 188, 194 115, 117, 122, 154, 159, 166 health, 29, 85 contact missions, 177, 180, 185, 194 Hindu, 21, 25, 28, 66, 93, 120, 154 convict conduct registers, 29, 30, 34, 52, hunger strikes, 11, 67, 112 69, 84, 85, 90 Indian, 1, 2, 10, 20, 23, 25, 35, 36, 44, convict records, 26–36 49, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67, 70, 71, convict ship registers, 6, 23, 26–9, 30, 32, 72, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 34, 35, 45, 58, 67, 84, 93, 98, 118, 90, 93–4, 106, 107, 110, 113, 114, 119, 124, 149 124, 152–5, 158, 163, 171, 173, convict ships, 27, 36–7, 57, 59, 66, 67–8, 180, 190 93–4, 97, 99–100, 116, 117–20 Irish, 2, 72, 85, 88, 89 convictism, 1, 20, 26, 41, 42, 53, 76, 79, Kandyan, 107 92, 95, 106, 194 labour, 3, 12, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, convicts, 1, 4, 19, 34, 46, 124, 189, 194 35, 37, 38–9, 42, 44, 54, 70, 71, 73, accommodation, 82, 83 81, 82, 95, 104, 105–6, 107, 109, adivasi, 28 119, 152, 173, 195 Afghan, 130 lepers, 35, 40, 77 African, 57, 65, 67, 74, 76, 79, 84, 86, management of, 109, 170, 171, 185 90, 92, 105, 124 marriage, 11, 27, 29, 31, 52, 88, 188 see also Morgan, George Mauritian, 75–6, 78, 86–90, 156, 189, agency, 5, 30 192 assignment, 84, 86 memoirs, 153 ayahs, 183 messing, 3, 172 barracks, 31, 37, 82, 104, 113, 116 munshis, 153 Brahmin, 21, 93, 120, 153 see also convicts: clerks British, 2, 72, 85, 88 Muslim, 21, 28, 66, 67, 153, 154 Burmese, 25 musters, 29 Caribbean, 85–6 mutineers, 152–3, 155, 158, 161, 163 caste, 11, 23, 26, 27, 28, 40, 42, 97, 99, names, 52, 89 101, 104, 153, 191 naming, 29–30 Ceylon, 191 neck tickets, 32 children of, 27, 77, 83, 154, 188 numbering of, 32

Index 213

occupation, 35, 38–9, 52 criminal tribes, 126 organisation of, 5, 17, 48, 69 criminality, 84, 109, 117, 126, 133 overseers, 5, 19, 20, 31, 36, 37, 39, 40, Cunningham, Mary, 101, 102, 103, 104 44, 48–9, 50, 51, 83, 84, 106, 109, Cunningham, Michael, 101, 102, 104 122, 180, 194 Curzon Wyllie, W.H., 144 Panjabi, 118, 119, 122 Curzon, Viceroy, 144 pardons, 30, 46, 52, 69, 78, 173, 190, 191 dacoits, 101, 104 Parsi, 113 dacoity, 28 penal classes, 30–2, 106–7, 119, 152 Dalhousie, Governor-General, 96, 97, petitions, 6, 10, 29, 35, 70–2, 103, 109, 112 110, 113, 114, 115, 120, 121, 149, Dampier, W., 99 154, 173 David, James, 193–4 physical descriptions, 11, 23, 26, 27, Davis, Maria, 83, 84 28–9, 56, 93 Deally, 87 political, 95, 98, 107–8 debt bondage, 43 Portuguese, 25, 69, 194 Delphine, Augustine, 87 rations, 37, 70, 82, 83, 97 Delphine, Jerome, 87, 156 rebellion, 11, 35, 42 Dening, Greg, 175 rebels, 152–3, 155, 158, 161, 163 Denison, William, 52, 87 release of, 23, 29, 35, 40, 50, 69, 85, Dhingra, M.L., 144 190, 191 diaries, 2, 6, 10, 11, 21, 29, 157, 158, 170, religion, 11, 21, 26, 27, 112, 116, 122, 171, 173, 185 153 Diego Garcia, 40, 77 resistance, 5, 27, 35, 42, 67, 69, 81, 130 discipline, 5, 6, 34, 43, 106, 158, 171, return of, 22, 23, 35, 40, 191–2 172, 180, 188 sepoys, 153, 154, 170, 171 disguise, 126, 130, 133, 136 ship mutiny, 11, 20, 34, 35, 37, 42, Dixmont, 157, 160 93–4, 99–100, 102, 106, 117–20, domestic service, 20 122 domesticity, 181–3 ship registers, 56 Dominica, 75 Sikh, 21, 93, 94, 119 Doorby, 86, 89 skills, 84 Douman (William Dowman), 87, 89 suicide, 35, 41 Dufﬁeld, Ian, 84, 85 testimonies, 29, 32, 47 Dullah, 19, 20, 23–6, 29, 36–40, 44, 53, thugs, 109 105 tickets-of-leave, 29, 31, 52, 69, 78, 86, Dundas Point, 154 87, 173, 190 tindals, 180, 190 East Africa, 116 see also convicts: overseers East India Company, 5, 20, 25, 27, 29, 30, Cooper, Frederick, 4, 8, 46, 132 36, 43, 56, 57, 59, 66, 72, 73, 74, Corbyn, Henry, 180 75, 96, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, Corbyn’s Cove, 155 109, 114, 118, 127, 129 corvee´ , 43 Eaton, Richard M., 13–14 cotton, 87 education, 5, 20, 57, 68, 70, 82, 91, 92, Couronne, Constance, 77–8 106 court records, 6 effeminacy, 70, 116, 126, 146, 158 courts martial, 73 emasculation, 147 Crais, Clifton, 15 England, 71, 160, 167 Creoles, 49, 78 Etta, 159, 160, 172, 181 crime, 23, 26, 28, 33, 126 Eurasians, 1, 8, 16, 21, 48, 57, 74, 82, Crimean War, 171 124, 142–3, 147, 148, 150, 151, criminal trials, 20, 21, 32, 35, 45, 46, 49, 156, 188, 193, 194 50, 65, 76, 100, 109, 124, 127, see also Indo-Europeans 138 Europe, 10, 14, 15, 43

214 Index

Europeans, 10, 48, 68, 70, 74, 81, 83, 91, Grand River, 37, 39 102, 103, 113, 114, 120, 129, 133, Green, Nile, 129, 137 134, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 143, Green Ponds, 68, 87 145, 146, 147, 151, 156, 166 Grenada, 75 ex-apprentices, 74, 87 Guillardon (convict ship), 68 exile, 3, 107, 108 exiles, 13 Haines, Amy see Bennett, Amelia exoticism, 126, 133, 138 hairstyles, 60, 61, 66, 92 ex-slaves, 1, 43, 47, 49, 74, 80, 124 Halygar, Peter, 60, 61, 166 see also apprentices Hassey, George, 67, 83 Hassey, Victoria, 83–4, 156 family history, 16, 55, 125, 138–9, 148, Haughton, J.C., 153, 163, 165, 166, 167, 152, 156, 159–60, 187–8 176 fanaticism, 126, 127, 131, 133, 147 Hellard, S.B., 163, 165, 166, 177 fanatics, 130, 140, 153 Henslowe, Francis, 52 Fanthome, Eliza, 149–51 Hindus, 25, 95, 111, 129, 130, 146, 150, Fanthome, J.F., 149, 150, 151 153, 155 faqirs, 129–30, 134, 156 historiography, 12, 22, 32, 33, 53, 54, 82, Farquhar, Robert, 42 95, 111, 116, 122–3, 125, 132, 133, Farrukhabad, 141 138, 145–6, 185, 195 fetters, 3, 25, 50, 59, 61, 64, 65, 70, 77, Hobart, 9, 52, 86, 87, 89, 90 93, 94, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 107, Homfray, J.N., 180 173, 176, 179 homosociality, 22, 157, 181–3 Fisher, Michael H., 14 Hong Kong, 74, 88, 191 Fleur, Eugene (John Flower[s]), 89 honour, 18, 21, 103, 104, 106, 115, 122, AFlightofPigeons, 150 147, 148, 158 Flouest, Mr, 134, 136, 143 Hope, Charles, 127 Flouest, N.M., 142 Hopkinson, Henry, 114 Forbes, Edwin, 157–61, 165–70, 171–3, Horne, Amelia see Bennett, Amelia 177–9, 180, 181–4 Horne, Amy see Bennett, Amelia forgery, 44, 45–6, 107 hotels, 52, 86–7, 88, 91, 92 Fort William, 96, 108 Hottentots, 15, 74 Foucault, Michel, 27 Hunter, W.W., 130 France, 30, 41 Hutton, Thomas, 81 fraud, 126 Hyderabad, 130 freedom ﬁghters, 3, 125, 133, 144, 155 French (in India), 137, 142, 150 Ichingono, 89 Frost, Lucy, 14, 41 identity, 1, 5, 7, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, Futteghur, 133, 135 35, 63, 65, 106, 108–9, 115, 143, Fytche, A., 114, 115 144, 151, 158, 168 Illustrated London News, 139 gang robbery, 28, 46, 47, 101, 107, 126 imprisonment, 20, 23, 25, 35, 42, 44, 50, Ganges, 20, 93 106, 108, 109, 126, 189 Geertz, Clifford, 33 indentured labour, 20, 28, 37, 43, 53 gender, 5, 16, 19, 40–1, 78, 82, 83–4, 102, indentured labourers, 1, 13, 19, 28, 41, 103, 125, 126, 137, 138, 142, 144, 43, 48, 51, 55, 74, 86, 87, 88, 124, 147, 151, 158, 175, 180, 195 192 genealogy see family history India, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 23, Ghffar, Abdul, 153 30, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 48, 50, Gibraltar, 1, 2 53, 54, 57, 63, 72, 73, 74, 81, 82, Ginzburg, Carlo, 6 84, 95, 105, 106, 107, 110, 126, godna, 23, 28, 37, 51, 52 146, 155, 158, 167, 168, 173, 185, governance, 5, 6, 9, 19, 22, 26, 27, 28 188, 194 government of India, 25, 71, 80, 81, 110, India Ofﬁce Records, 26, 35 112, 114, 131, 161, 166, 180 Indian National Congress, 150

Index 215

Indian naval brigade, 16, 21, 22, 83, 157, King, John, 59, 60, 66, 68 158, 160–84 Kolsky, Elizabeth, 12, 53 Indian state archives, 26, 34, 35 Indians, 1, 18, 47, 75, 102, 113, 142, labour, 1, 5, 6, 43, 53, 70, 77, 82, 86, 170 143, 145, 146, 147, 156, 188, hard, 44, 49, 50 194 penal, 5, 18, 20, 22, 43, 44, 105 indigenous peoples, 1, 5, 15, 188 unfree, 19, 26, 41, 42, 79, 92, 106 indigo, 87 labourers, 43, 75, 190 Indo-Europeans, 59, 67, 70–1, 82–4, 142, Lahore, 9, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 111, 118, 150, 156 119 see also convicts: Eurasian; Eurasians Lambert, David, 12, 13, 14 Indonesia, 13 language, 20, 29–30, 36, 39, 47, 71, 84, internet, 16, 46, 159–60, 187–8 88–9, 116, 137, 141, 143, 155, 194 intimacy, 159, 182, 183 Larimie, Jean, 78 Ireland, 1, 2, 56, 74 Launceston, 86, 87, 88 Itchaine, 88, 89 Leckey, Edward, 148 Leonard, Thomas, 71 jail manufactures, 33 Lester, Alan, 12, 13, 14 jails, 2, 25, 26, 27, 33, 59, 60, 66, 67, 68, letters, 2, 6, 10, 11, 21, 22, 29, 35, 157, 69, 93, 96, 97, 98, 104, 105, 106, 158, 167, 169, 173, 181, 185, 190, 107, 108, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 192 116, 117, 121, 127, 152, 189, 192 Lhamon, W.T., 61–4 guards, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121 life history, 2, 7, 22, 29, 122, 125, 188 labour, 20 life-writing, 6, 22, 187, 188 rations, 116 see also biography; life history wardens, 122 liquor, 49, 70, 179 Jalandhar, 111 Lloyd, George, 20, 56, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, Jaloun, 136 166 Jamaica, 75 London, 58, 64, 65, 108 Jan, Meerun, 149 Lougham, F.J., 100, 101 Janna, 100, 101 Lucknow, 134, 137, 141 Japan, 25 Lushington, E.H., 93, 94, 104 Jhurree, 40 Jhurroo, 40 Maas, John Herman, 44, 50, 57, 83 jihad, 127, 131, 132 Maclean, William, 81 jihadis, 130, 137 Macquarie Harbour, 87 judges, 30, 66, 68, 102, 116, 118, 130, Madagascar, 39, 47, 75, 76, 77, 88 136, 153 Madras, 9, 26, 27, 60, 64, 86, 89, 114, ‘Jump Jim Crow’, 20, 61, 63–4, 65, 66, 69, 153, 190, 191, 193, 194 91, 92, 168 Madura, 108 Junoon, 150 magistrates, 52, 60, 61, 71, 78, 87, 90, 93, 98, 110, 115, 127, 144, 189, 192 kala pani, 25, 170 Magnet (convict ship), 40 Kaleegunga (ship), 93, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, Maharashtra, 26 101, 104, 106, 117 Mahon, Ann, 89 Kandyan Wars, 44, 107 Maine, 157, 160, 168, 169, 181, 185 Kaye’s and Malleson’s History of the Indian Majeed, Javed, 18, 19 Mutiny of 1857–8, 139 Malacca, 25, 34, 38, 39, 81, 117, 119, Khairabadi, Fazl-i-Haq, 3, 155 190, 191 Khan, Ali, 147, 148 Man, H., 119 Khan, Ishmael, 135, 136 manslaughter, 49, 52 Khan, Khan Bahadur, 131 Mariam, 150 Khan, Mahomed Ismail, 140, 143 Mariam: A Story of the Indian Mutiny of Khoikhoi, 74 1857, 149–51 kidnap, 177, 178 Marks, Joaquim, 69

216 Index

martyrdom, 97, 108, 131, 132, 133, 153 National Archives of Mauritius, 34 masculinity, 5, 18, 21, 22, 106, 124, 146, National Library of Australia, 46 159, 181–3 nationalism, 132, 133, 139–40, 143, 144, maulvis, 132, 138 155 Mauritius, 1, 2, 9, 19, 20, 23–55, 57, 74, nationalists, 18 75–80, 82, 83, 92, 95, 107, 124, Nehru, Jawaharlal, 133 152, 188, 192 Neill, Colonel, 127 Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish, 14, 41 Netherlands Indies, 33 Mayo, Viceroy, 130, 132, 154, 155 networks, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9–10, 12, 19, 21, mazars, 154, 155 22, 23, 27, 28, 34, 46, 48, 53, 57, McGibbon, Thomas, 45, 46 92, 95, 106, 125, 130, 157, 158, McNair, J.F.A., 54 159, 167–8, 185, 187, 190, 191, Meerwangee, 48 192, 195 Melbourne, 52 New Delhi, 144, 146 memoirs, 2, 3, 4, 10, 29, 54 New South Wales, 1, 9, 20, 29, 34, 45, 46, merchants, 70, 83, 113, 114 48, 50, 57, 72, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, Mergui, 71, 105, 109, 114 85, 86, 88, 176, 189 Metcalf, Thomas, 120 New York, 160, 169 methodology, 4, 10–13, 26, 44, 53, The New York Times, 127 159–60, 185 New Zealand, 91, 175 Midnapur, 107 newspapers, 16, 46, 56, 60, 65, 66, 82, 90, migration, 43 132, 137, 139, 167, 169, 187 mobility, 9, 10, 18, 36, 64 Nicolson, D., 109 Mohurrum, 113, 130 The Nineteenth Century and After, 139, 144 Montgomery, Alexander, 39, 40 Norfolk Island, 87 morality, 70, 71, 151 Norman, John, 130 Moreton Bay, 87, 88, 89 North America, 43, 91, 158 Morgan, George, 20, 56–71, 85, 104, 105, North-West Frontier, 96 106, 119, 144, 156, 166 North-Western Provinces, 28, 98, 105, Morgan, Philip D., 175 114, 117, 145 Mouat, F.J., 161–2, 163, 166 Nova Scotia, 58 Moulmein, 9, 20, 71, 81, 93, 105, 107, Nutha, 100, 101, 102 109, 110, 114, 115, 161, 167, 184, 192 Ogborn, Miles, 14, 27 Mozambique, 47, 75, 87 opium, 70 Muir, William, 145, 147 Orissa, 107 Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, 139, 143, 146 Orjoon (John Argoon), 87, 89 Multan, 96, 103, 108, 120 murder, 12, 23, 28, 50, 75, 83, 101, 107, Paciﬁc, 175 118, 126, 131, 136, 147, 190, 193, Palemy (Pauline), 86, 90 194 Panjab, 21, 95–7, 101, 103, 108, 110, 111, murder, attempted, 77 115, 117, 122 Muscat, 75, 126 Panjabis, 110, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122 Muslims, 25, 95, 112, 114, 124, 127, 129, pardons, 100, 101 130, 131, 132, 140, 144, 146, 148, Parsis, 113 150, 155 Pathans, 130 mutilation, 136, 145 Patna, 93, 94, 98, 100, 104, 130, 153 mutineers, 103, 137, 138, 141, 142, 145, Paton, Diana, 57 152, 153 Paxton, Nancy L., 146, 148 mutiny, 11, 20, 59, 155 Pearson, Michael, 9 peasants, 8, 23, 28 Napoleonic Wars, 30, 41 penal colonies, penal settlements see Narahime, 44, 46–8, 50, 78 Andaman Islands; Australia; Nation, H.M., 94 Mauritius; Robben Island; The National Archives, 35 Southeast Asia

Index 217

penal stations, 69, 87 corporal, 44, 126, 177 penal tattooing see godna solitary conﬁnement, 104 Penang, 9, 25, 30, 34, 38, 42, 72, 107, Pybus, Cassandra, 88, 91 114, 189, 190, 191 Penobscot, 160 Quattell, Jean, 86 periodicals, 139, 167 Queensland, 87 Peshawar, 119 Quigley, John, 71, 156 petitioners, 7 petitions, 33, 35, 189, 190–1, 192, race, 5, 18, 19, 20, 57, 61, 63–4, 65, 68, 193–4 72–3, 74, 75, 76, 80–4, 88, 90–1, photographs, 6, 34, 128, 132 92, 124, 125, 142, 143, 144, 147, pilgrims, 19 148, 150, 151, 156, 175, 195 The Pioneer, 128, 132 Ragoo, 41 plantations, 28, 38, 42, 43, 61, 80, 113 Rahim, Abdul, 153, 154 poetry, 10, 155 railways, 184 poisoning, 50, 51, 52, 75, 77–8, 126 Raj, Mul, 96, 97, 103, 108 police, 32, 35, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 63, Ramjee, Kittoo, 44, 49, 50 77, 78, 87, 90, 99, 113, 114, Rangoon, 57, 59, 60, 104, 118, 119, 167 115, 116, 120, 127, 129, 154, rank, 21, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 192, 193 115, 119, 122 political economy, 25, 33, 34 rape, 12, 21, 78, 138, 141, 144, 146, 147, political prisoners, 3, 21, 44 148, 149, 179, 183, 194 Pollock, A.R., 130, 136 rations, 66–7, 70 poor whites, 1, 8, 22, 73–4, 158, 185, 186, rebellion, 6, 34, 107, 116, 127, 129 188 rebels, 1, 2, 7, 16, 21, 33, 44, 46, 75, Port Arthur, 69, 86, 87, 154 103, 107, 108, 110, 125, 131, 132, Port Blair, 9, 155, 159, 163, 167, 170, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, 171, 193 145, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156, Port Cornwallis, 72 157 Port Louis, 9, 23, 36, 37, 45, 49, 189, reform, 32 192 reformation, 105 Portman, M.V., 165, 176 rehabilitation, 32, 71, 166 Portuguese, 51, 74, 142, 148, 162, 193 religion, 5, 19, 20, 57, 60, 68, 71, 82, 89, power, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 19, 27, 33, 63, 91, 97, 112, 116, 124, 126, 129, 141, 146, 188 142, 146, 147, 154, 156, 160, 166, Praam (‘Shiek’ Brown), 88 180, 193, 194 Pratt, James, 178, 179, 194 resistance, 6, 11, 12, 21, 48, 58, 61, 76, Pratt, Mary Louise, 18, 175 107, 116 prisoners, 7, 25, 33, 43, 50, 67, 69, 97, 98, respectability, 144, 156 104, 106, 107, 116, 120, 194 retransportation, 20, 42, 45, 47, 51, 68, Christian, 67 92, 124, 192 Eurasian, 59, 82–4 Reunion´ Island, 75 European, 59, 67 revolt, 6 military, 99 rice, 87 Panjabi, 117 Rice, Thomas Dartmouth, 61, 64, 65 Sikh, 117 Robben Island, 1, 2, 9, 20, 47, 48, 75, 76, state, 96, 97, 103, 110, 115, 124 78, 80 production, 12, 17, 33, 38, 57, 75, 80, 87, robbery, 23, 51, 90, 99, 107, 126, 147 92, 95 Rohilkhund, 148 prostitutes, 73 Rose, Edouard, 87, 90 punishment, 1, 5, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28, 33, Ross Island, 153, 154, 171, 177, 178 43, 44, 53, 74, 84, 101, 105, 191, Rossi, Francis, 37, 40, 77, 78 195 Roy, Parama, 63 capital, 21, 68, 76, 77, 83, 100, 101, rubber, 80 103, 108, 119, 136, 141, 153 Ruby (convict ship), 23, 29, 36, 37

218 Index

Rullonsing, 50 slavery, 6, 20, 42, 43, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, Ryan, E.M., 110 64, 65, 69, 74, 76, 78, 79–80, 86, 92, 95, 151, 170 Sahib, Nana, 133, 136, 140, 143 slaves, 1, 13, 19, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, sailors, 1, 8, 21, 34, 58, 60, 69, 73, 74, 48, 49, 50, 55, 59, 61, 63, 66, 74, 124, 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, 166, 75, 76–8, 79, 80, 83, 90, 103, 124, 167, 171, 172, 173, 181, 188, 193, 138, 149, 192 194 Smith, Harry, 177, 179 see also Indian naval brigade social capital, 1, 45, 60, 95, 119 saint-soldiers, 21, 110, 130, 137, 155 social transformation, 1, 4, 5, 19, 65, 95, see also faqirs 116, 121, 124, 125, 187, 195 Santal Hul, 107 soldiers, 1, 19, 20, 37, 48, 73, 75, 99, 114, Santals, 107, 108, 109 115, 120, 124, 129, 165, 169, 181, Satichaura Ghat, 135, 136, 140, 141 188, 194 Savarkar, V.D., 3, 155 Sophie, 76–7, 156 Scully, Pamela, 15 Southeast Asia, 2, 5, 12, 14, 21, 25, 29, Second World War, 2, 25, 34 30, 35, 38, 57, 72, 73, 80, 82, 84, sedition, 124, 126, 127 92, 95, 106, 108, 114, 116, 120, sentences commutation, 103, 104 152, 158, 161, 168, 188, 192 sepoys, 94, 98, 103, 118, 119, 129–30, sowars, 135, 136, 140, 141, 143, 147 132, 138, 152, 153, 156, 157, spices, 80, 113 169 Stanley, Liz, 17 see also soldiers status, 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 19, 21, 45, 46, 48, servants, 44, 47, 51, 52, 56, 59, 74, 78, 87, 57, 82, 84, 92, 95, 98, 100, 101, 88, 89, 92, 98, 188 105, 107, 108, 109, 115, 119, 122, servitude, 20, 42, 86 124, 144, 195 see also labour; slavery Staveley, William, 45 settlers, 72, 75, 82, 88, 142 Stevenson, J., 109, 110 sexuality, 158 Stoler, Ann Laura, 4, 11, 16, 32, 33, 46, Seychelles, 1, 35, 75 126, 132 Shah, Ahmadullah, 138 Straits Settlements, 25, 30, 32, 35, 54, 80, Shah, Wajid Ali, 108 81, 82, 113, 118, 119, 124, 152, Shahjahanpur, 150 194 Shergold, Christine, 34 see also Malacca; Penang; Singapore Shettee, Pandoo, 40 subalternity, 6, 7–8, 10, 15–16, 65, 175 Shikohabadi, Sayyid Ismail Husain sugar, 28, 42, 75, 80, 87 (‘Munir’), 3 Supreme Court, 56, 57, 65, 83, 192 ships, 27, 170, 173 Surat, 127 Sierra Leone, 58 surgeons, 72 Sikhs, 96, 104, 111, 116, 117, 120, 121 swadeshi, 144 Simla, 151 Swift, Sarah, 52–3, 88 Sing, Golaub, 97, 108 Sydney, 9, 77, 78, 88, 91 Sing, Narain, 20, 93–123, 144, 156, Syed, Meanjon, 149 158 Sing, Ram, 103, 108, 110 Tajea, Versey, 50 Singapore, 21, 25, 34, 39, 60, 80, 81–2, Tamil Nadu, 26 83, 96, 110, 111, 112, 113, 119, Tannah, 27 122, 190, 191 tattooing, 11, 58, 74 Singh, Bhai Maharaj, 110–14, 122 Te a l y, Ma r y, 88 Singh, Khurruck, 110–14, 122 tenants, 7 Singh, Kurrim, 118 Tenasserim Provinces, 25, 32, 56, 59, 67, Singh, Ranjit, 95, 96, 120 70, 93, 104, 109, 114, 115, 121, Singh, Soor, 118 193 slave owners, 37, 42, 43, 47, 76, 77 Thanesari, Maulana Muhammad Ja’far, 3, slave trade, 41, 42, 76 153, 154, 155

Index 219

theatre, 91, 168, 172, 181, 185 violence, 11, 12, 18, 49, 53, 107, 116, 126, theft, 20, 52, 56, 75, 76, 83, 87, 88 146, 158, 175, 177, 194 Ther´ esia,´ 77, 78 sexual, 21, 78, 145, 146, 147, 151, 156, Thom(s), David Pitcairn, 81 180, 183 thugs, 59, 99, 101, 104, 109 Viper Island, 154, 171 The Times, 117, 126, 130, 132, 133, 137, Vulla, Ballo, 41 138, 139, 155 tindals see convicts: overseers; tindals Wahabis, 21, 124, 130, 154 tobacco, 51, 70, 75, 87, 179 Wales, 167, 170 tourists, 19 Walker, J.P., 152, 153, 163, 170, 171, 176 transcription, 29–30 war, 6, 34, 39, 96, 97, 116, 127, 153 transportation, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 12, 17, 19, 21, War neford, T.L.J., 193 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 35, 36–7, Waterhouse, Richard, 91 39, 41, 43, 45, 53, 54, 56, 65, 66, West Bengal, 26 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, West Indies see Caribbean 84, 92, 95, 101, 105, 106, 108, Western Australia, 1, 29, 57, 192 124, 157, 187, 189, 194 Wheeler, Hugh, 140, 147 see also convicts Wheeler, Margaret (Ulrica), 147, 148, 151 treason, 20, 95, 97, 99, 104, 107, 116, Whish, General, 103 126, 127, 153 White, Jim, 86 Trevelyan, G.O., 148 White, Sabina, 133, 136 Trinidad, 75 whiteness, 56, 73, 142, 151, 156 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph, 12, 16, 53 Wilmshurst, June, 138–9, 142, 148 Trudgett, Robert, 78 Wilson, H.C., 78, 192 Tytler, R.C., 167, 177, 179, 194 Wolpert, Stanley, 14 women, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, United Provinces, 121–2 19, 21, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 64, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 83, 88, 93, 103, vagrancy, 73 116, 125, 133, 136, 138, 140, 142, Van Diemen’s Land, 1, 2, 9, 20, 29, 34, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 48, 50, 51, 52, 56, 57, 65, 68–9, 70, 159, 166, 178, 179, 180, 183, 187, 72, 75, 82, 85, 86–90, 92, 154, 192 188 Vans Agnew, Patrick, 96 Woodcock, W.H., 98, 117 Vansittart, H., 111, 112 work see labour Vera, Petit, 86 Verloppe, Elizabeth, 77–8, 192 Yahya Ali, Mawlana, 153, 154 Victoria, Queen, 144, 145, 193 Victorien, Jean, 87 Zaman, Akbar, 153 Vink, Markus, 8–9 Zemon Davis, Natalie, 15