The Outdatedness of Super Heroism? the Condition of the Superhero Myth
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400 401 ofHearing Data. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. The Outdatedness of Superheroism? Sayfo, Omar Adam. 2017. "Local Minds, Foreign Hands: Animation in Saudi The Condition of the Superhero Myth: Past and Today Arabia and the Gui f." In Animation in the Middle East: Practice and Aesthetics from Baghdad to Casablanca, edited by Stefanie van de Michal Chudolinski Peer, pp. 69-83. London: I. B. Taurus. Sayfo, Omar. 2018. "Mediating a Disney-Style Islam: The Emergence of Egyptian Islamic Animated Cartoons." Animation. 13 (2): 102-115. The myth of a superhero -- or, as will be referred to in due course -- the State of Kuwait. 2019a. "Official Religion of Kuwait." Kuwait Government superheroic mythos has been unquestionably gaining recognition of late. Its Online. <https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/PagesNisitors/ contents and fonn have, however, substantially evolved as compared to the AboutKuwait/CultureAndHeritageReligiousPractices.aspx>. first half of the 20th Century and the paradigm shaped by two major publishing Accessed May 18, 2019. houses: DC Comics (formerly, National Allied Publications) and Marvel State of Kuwait. 2019b. "Customs and Traditions in Kuwait." Kuwait Comics (formerly, Timely Comics). The growing interest in superheroes Government Online. <https://www.e.gov.kw/sites/kgoenglish/Pages/ tied to the actual geopolitical and economic situation of the country. For Visitors/AboutKuwait/CultureAndHeritageCustomsAndTraditions. instance, Superman was born amid worldwide war tensions of 1938 as the aspx>. Accessed May 17, 2019. manifestation of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal, whereas a year Seikaly, May, Rabil Roodsaz, and Corine Van Egten. 2014. "The Situation later, in 1939, the American dream was mirrored in Batman, followed in 1941 , of Women in Gulf States." Study prepared for FEMM Committee by Wonder Woman and Captain America. The birth of the aforementioned (Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality), Policy and many akin characters in the years to come has substantially influenced the Department C: Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs, American comic book market and, as of late, also audiovisual media. European Parliament. Brussels: European Union. <http://www. The immense popularity of superheroes is observed nowadays alike, europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudeslS TUD/2014/509985/IPOL_ as proved by the rising box office figures of movie blockbusters pivoted STU(2014)509985_EN.pdf>. Accessed Aug. 8, 2019. around the heroic fight against the (always personified) evil, as well as by The World Bank. 2019. "Proportion of Seats Held by Women in National game adaptations allowing to role play as favorite characters and wield Parliaments (%) - Kuwait." <https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/ their supernatural powers. No less relevant are multiplying fan theories SG.GEN.PARL.ZS?locations-=KW>. Accessed Aug. 8, 2019. expanding on the events known from comic books, novels, animated or actor van de Peer, S. 20 I 7. "Introduction: Modelling Local Content for Animation movies (see, Avengers: Koniec ... ), and the rising accessibility of licensed in the Middle East." In Animation in the Middle East: Practice and merchandise such as figurines, playing cards, cosplay suits, etc. It is worth Aesthetics from Baghdad to Casablanca, edited by Stefanie van de noting that every premiere of consecutive Marvel Cinematic Universe Peer, pp. 1-28. London: I. B. Taurus. (MCU) or DC Extended Universe (DCEU) installments is led by months West. Candace and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender & extending advertisement campaigns that attract the crowding fans of their Society. I (2): 125-151. beloved superheroes. This was perhaps best visible in the case of"Avengers: Westcott, Tim. 2011. "An Overview of the Global Animation Industry." Endgame" which already hit the $2,189 million mark in global sales, Creative Industries Journal. 3(3): 253-259. surpassing "Titanic"'s $2,188 million, and approximating "Avatar"'s $2,788 Yoshida, Kaori. 2008. "Animation and 'Otherness': The Politics of Gender, million world record" (Avengers: Endgame ... ). Such is the result of this Racial, and Ethnic Identity in the World of Japanese Anime." Ph.D. unique experiment to approach the movie world as a series bridging different dissertation, University of British Columbia. conventions and vibes in one, consistent narrative arc. This success is owed, Yu, Shunyao. 2015. "Japanese Anime and Women's Gender Role." MA however, not only to the plot or narrative itself, but also to the mentioned thesis, University of Jyviiskyla. marketing efforts that have been fueling viewers' expectations for over a year prior to the movie release. A key role was played by super heroic characters Ahmed Baroody is pursuing a Ph. D. in Japan. His master's degree in global themselves -- so prototypal for Marvel Comics in general, so following studies was earned at Sophia University (Tokyo). He also is a graduate of the the moral code, wielding superhuman powers, but, simultaneously, ironic, Kudan Language School (Tokyo) and American University of Kuwait. He objective, often cynical, or even flawed. Their credibility is grounded in the has worked as a translator and foreign sales representative. JJOCA, Spring/Summer 2020 JJOCA, Spring/Summer 2020 402 403 unyielding actions undertaken within the frustrating ethical sphere of many 95), in the global context: "( ... ) publishing houses register pennanent moral shades of grey -- one, therefore, that defines our existence as well. declines in sales, losing competition on the market with movies and computer The biggest rival of Marvel in the American market has been DC games. The superhero comic book remains still the best-selling genre, but the Comics. Superheroes appearing on pages of their publications have too publishers more and more op~ply reproduce well-known patterns and utilize followed the impeccable moral code (often akin to knight's oaths or samurai's stereotyped narrative devices. Over the past couple of years DC and Marvel bushido) -- but also differentiated themselves by presenting lineages rooted Comics successively renew and retell their iconic narratives, showing new deep in the ancient mythical or biblical lore. Quite surprisingly, these ere origin stories of superheroes - which can be considered a sign of a new not as much of interest for the general public as their more contemporary tendency on the superheroic comic book market. equivalents, fighting in the realistic metropolises. It is worth emphasizing that An ever-changing publishing and comic book market somewhat the production of DC Extended Universe, despite presenting characters such forces publishers to update the published content by adjusting it to the as Supennan, Batman, Wonder Woman, or Flash, has not attracted that much contemporaneous time as well as actual cultural and social tastes. Creators attention since, as argued by Adrian Turzanski: thereby, knowing that new books featuring their iconic vigilantes keep on coming and that they need to approach new readership, strive for a far In the opening weekend, TIie Justice League earned S93.8 million in the fetched ideological progressivism. It does not boil down, however, to United States, whereas the world sales amounted for S 185 million. The movie directed by Zack Snyder with the all-sw cast featuring Ben Affleck, Henry showing new technological inventions in the fight against the evil, but to Cavill, Gal Gadot, Jason Momoa, and Ezra Miller -earned a total of S278.8 more contemporary references to the phenomena observed in the rapidly million for Warner Bros. This was not a satisfactory result for the company changing society: homosexuality, feminism, home abuse, depression, which counted on on opening reaching at least 110 million dollars in home oppression against the minorities, tech addiction, and more. Such histories box office. Unfortunately, the production did not attract that many fans to the movie theatres. None ofthe previous productions composmg the DC Extended are often ideologized in order to mirror the actual social mood quite often Universe took off so poorly. The overall siluation does not improve by cold backgrounded demographically. This, however, is not always beneficial for reviews that the film continues tocollect. the comic book medium, much less to the individual history or a superheroic character. One can ponder whether the brutal, realist battle scenes or deeper psychological introspection of the characters - that demands much greater But let us return briefly to the concept of myth. Krzysztof Teodor viewer's focus on the presented history, its multifacetedness, or complex Toeplitz ( 1985: 79), quite aptly said that: character motivations -- amount fora lower popularity of DC Universe movies as compared to their MCU counterparts. Quite probably, DC productions Comic art gave birth to II multitude of heroes that penetrated contemporary intend to appeal to the more engaged, well-versed viewer that displays a civilizallonal imaginalion by crafting II new and original( ...) mythology. It seems that this creation was accompanied by a special anatomy of the comic certain degree of cultural knowledge enabling them to better understand book character - an amalgam or reality and myth, as well as action story with the original intention -- that is of the iconic, "memified" superhero that has the perennial idea or the archetype that serves as a grounding for an oneiric evolved throughout the many ages, reflecting the peculiarities of a given time